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This study was designed to determine the family size preference of and its effect on Japanese women. We conducted a questionnaire survey among women who visited the obstetrics and gynecology department of 18 hospitals and clinics in the Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, between October 2011 and February 2012. All the women were categorized according to age group and area of residence, and the survey results were statistically analyzed using a t test. A total of 1616 women were included in this study. There was no significant difference between the mean desired and actual marital ages (26.70 and 26.67 years, respectively). The mean desired number of children was 2.55, which was significantly more than the mean actual number of children (1.77) in all generations. The mean desired and actual numbers of children were more in the rural areas (2.73 and 2.09, respectively) than in the urban (2.54 and 1.70, respectively) and semi-urban areas (2.49 and 1.60, respectively). The mean number of family members was significantly greater in the rural areas (3.84) than in the urban (3.25) and semi-urban areas (3.05). The most important concern among women who had never delivered a baby was childbearing itself, followed by the expenses related to pregnancy and childbearing. The family size preference of the women in our study was higher than the actual numbers of children. The fertility intentions were low among the younger women but high among those living in rural areas with larger families.",{"EN":184,"VI":185},"Family size preference and factors affecting the fertility rate in Hyogo, Japan","Nguyện vọng quy mô gia đình và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến tỷ suất sinh tại Hyogo, Nhật Bản",{"VOID":187},"Ding QJ, Hesketh T: Family size, fertility preferences, and sex ratio in China in the era of the one child family policy: results from national family planning and reproductive health survey. BMJ. 2006, 333 (7564): 371-373. 10.1136\u002Fbmj.38775.672662.80. Epub 2006 May 11\nMosher WD, Bachrach CA: Understanding U.S. fertility: continuity and change in the National Survey of Family Growth, 1988-1995. Fam Plann Perspect. 1996, 28 (1): 4-12. 10.2307\u002F2135956.\nFertility of Men and Women Aged 15–44 Years in the United States: National survey of family growth. 2006, http:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fnchs\u002Fdata\u002Fnhsr\u002Fnhsr051.pdf. Accessed on June13, 2012, -2010\nPortal site of official statistic of Japan. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.e-stat.go.jp\u002FSG1\u002Festat\u002FeStatTopPortalE.do. Accessed on June 15, 2012\nHyogo prefecture. http:\u002F\u002Fweb.pref.hyogo.jp\u002Fstat\u002Findex.html. Accessed on June 21, 2012\nGoldstein JR, Lutz W, Testa MR: The emergence of sub-replacement family size ideals in Europe. Population Research and Policy Review. 2003, 22: 479-496.\nFrejka T, Jones GW, Sardon JP: East Asian childbearing patterns and policy developments. Popul Dev Rev. 2010, 36 (3): 579-606. 10.1111\u002Fj.1728-4457.2010.00347.x.\nRaymo JM, Iwasawa M, Bumpass L: Cohabitation and family formation in Japan. Demography. 2009, 46 (4): 785-803. 10.1353\u002Fdem.0.0075.\nBhattacharjya D, Sudarshan A, Tuljapurkar S, Shachter R, Feldman M: How can economic schemes curtail the increasing sex ratio at birth in China?. Demogr Res. 2008, 19 (54): 1831-1850.\nJayaraman A, Mishra V, Arnold F: The relationship of family size and composition to fertility desires, contraceptive adoption and method choice in South Asia. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2009, 35 (1): 29-38. 10.1363\u002F3502909.\nHussain R, Fikree FF, Berendes HW: The role of son preference in reproductive behaviour in Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ. 2000, 78 (3): 379-388.\nZhu WX, Lu L, Hesketh T: China’s excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey. BMJ. 2009, 338: b1211-10.1136\u002Fbmj.b1211.\nLim JW: The changing trends in live birth statistics in Korea, 1970 to 2010. Korean J Pediatr. 2011, 54 (11): 429-435. 10.3345\u002Fkjp.2011.54.11.429. Epub 2011 Nov 30\nBaba S, Tsujita S, Morimoto K: The analysis of trends in induced abortion in Japan-An increasing consequence among adolescents. Environ Health Prev Med. 2005, 10 (1): 9-15. 10.1265\u002Fehpm.10.9.\nKobayashi Y: Assistance received from parturients’ own mothers during “Satigaeri” (their perinatal visit and stay with their parents) and development of the mother-infant relationship and maternal identity. J Jpn Acad Midwif. 2010, 24 (1): 28-39. 10.3418\u002Fjjam.24.28.",{"VOID":189},"10.1186\u002F1742-4755-10-6","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","2025-02-07T11:02:30.796+00:00","Auto Verify",[195],"VI","https:\u002F\u002Freproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F1742-4755-10-6",[198,214],{"id":199,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":200,"affiliations":202,"properties":211,"displayName":213,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"86c2743a-b8b5-4e18-a6df-e575b13940f6",[201],"AUTHOR",[203],{"id":204,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":205,"properties":18},"37ac6531-5683-4ee4-9de1-becd4957bd97",{"id":204,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":206,"slug":18,"properties":207,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":210,"statistic":18},[],{"title":208},{"VI":209},"Department of International Medical Cooperation Japan, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan",[],{"title":212},{"VI":213},"Yasuyo Matsumoto",{"id":215,"sortIndex":216,"researcher":18,"roles":217,"affiliations":218,"properties":227,"displayName":229,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"21271b4b-ecd6-4b22-9934-ada9c0e20d75",1,[201],[219],{"id":220,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":221,"properties":18},"6f4ce0dd-619b-4c4b-9d0e-54881eb646d9",{"id":220,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":222,"slug":18,"properties":223,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":226,"statistic":18},[],{"title":224},{"VI":225},"Yamabe Ladies Clinic, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan",[],{"title":228},{"VI":229},"Shingo 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               \u003Cjats:title>Background\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>Various studies revealed that adolescent girls have limited knowledge pertaining to sexual and reproductive health (SRH). The current study assessed the effectiveness of SRH education among adolescent girls in urban areas of Odisha, India.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>The study design was a cluster randomized trial, where the clusters composed of eight Odia (regional language) medium government girls’ high schools in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of the state of Odisha, India\u003Cjats:bold>.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> For the selection of study participants, adolescent girls who were studying in the ninth and tenth standards were recruited from each school. Eight schools were randomized through restrictive randomization at a 1:1 ratio, with four schools each in the intervention and control arm. Baseline and end-line assessments were done using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Following baseline assessment, an intervention was given with the help of handbooks developed by the study authors to the schools in the intervention arm. Outcomes included change in knowledge, attitude and practices pertaining to SRH.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>In our study at baseline, there were a total of 790 students, where 469 (59.4%) students were in the intervention arm, and 321 (40.6%) students were in the control arm. At baseline, only 282 (60.1%) in the intervention arm and 171 (53.3%) in the control arm were aware that physical bodily changes due to puberty were normal. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant increase in knowledge in intervention group 367 (94.8%) (p-value < 0.001). Most students used sanitary pads as absorbent, 97.2% in the intervention group and 98.4% in the control group. However, after the intervention, the use of other absorbents reduced to zero in the intervention group with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The number of students having awareness on different methods of contraception increased from 51 (10.9%) to 337 (87.1%) in the intervention arm (p < 0.001), and of those having awareness on STIs\u002FRTIs increased from 177 (38.2%) to 371 (96.1%) in the intervention group (p < 0.001).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Conclusion\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>From our study, there is a significant proportional change in knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to SRH. Our study recommends policymakers and program managers for the implementation of comprehensive SRH in the regular school curriculum.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                \u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:italic>Trial registration\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> CTRI\u002F2021\u002F01\u002F030490, registered on January 15, 2021. Prospectively registered at \u003Cjats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fctri.nic.in\u002FClinicaltrials\u002Flogin.php\">https:\u002F\u002Fctri.nic.in\u002FClinicaltrials\u002Flogin.php\u003C\u002Fjats:ext-link>\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":305,"VI":306},"Effectiveness of school-based sexual and reproductive health education among adolescent girls in Urban areas of Odisha, India: a cluster randomized trial","Hiệu quả của giáo dục sức khỏe sinh sản và tình dục học đường ở nữ vị thành niên tại khu vực thành thị Odisha, Ấn Độ: thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên theo cụm",{"VOID":308},"37468914",{"VOID":310},"10.1186\u002Fs12978-023-01643-7","2025-02-09T13:12:36.163+00:00",[313],"EN",[195],"https:\u002F\u002Freproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12978-023-01643-7",[317,336,353,371,391,410],{"id":318,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":319,"affiliations":320,"properties":329,"displayName":333,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"973b0bb9-f894-4b28-b6a6-55e85322f11c",[],[321],{"id":322,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":323,"properties":18},"6a41a1df-21d9-4b4c-ab6e-c32899176d85",{"id":322,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":324,"slug":18,"properties":325,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":328,"statistic":18},[],{"title":326},{"EN":327},"Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, 3rd Floor, Academic Block, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India",[],{"orcid":330,"title":332,"openalex":334},{"VOID":331},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-8980-6734",{"EN":333},"G. 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statistics—UNICEF data. https:\u002F\u002Fdata.unicef.org\u002Ftopic\u002Fadolescents\u002Foverview\u002F. Accessed 29 June 2022.",{},{"id":18,"text":493,"url":18,"identifiers":494},"Porroche-Escudero A. Health systems and quality of healthcare: bringing back missing discussions about gender and sexuality. Health Syst. 2022. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F20476965.2022.2096487.",{"doi":495},"10.1080\u002F20476965.2022.2096487",{"id":18,"text":497,"url":18,"identifiers":498},"Sexual & reproductive health. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.unfpa.org\u002Fsexual-reproductive-health. Accessed 29 June 2022.",{},{"id":18,"text":500,"url":18,"identifiers":501},"Adolescent sexual and reproductive health. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fsoutheastasia\u002Factivities\u002Fadolescent-sexual-reproductive-health. Accessed 23 Apr 2023.",{},{"id":18,"text":503,"url":18,"identifiers":504},"Weis JR, Greene JA. Mental health in pregnant adolescents: focus on psychopharmacology. J Pediatr. 2016;169:297–304.",{"doi":505},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpeds.2015.10.068",{"id":18,"text":507,"url":18,"identifiers":508},"Child marriages—39,000 every day: more than 140 million girls will marry between 2011 and 2020. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews\u002Fitem\u002F07-03-2013-child-marriages-39-000-every-day-more-than-140-million-girls-will-marry-between-2011-and-2020. Accessed 4 July 2022.",{},{"id":18,"text":510,"url":18,"identifiers":511},"Hodgkinson SC, Colantuoni E, Roberts D, Berg-Cross L, Belcher HME. Depressive symptoms and birth outcomes among pregnant teenagers. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2010;23(1):16.",{"doi":512},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpag.2009.04.006",{"id":18,"text":514,"url":18,"identifiers":515},"THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable development. https:\u002F\u002Fsdgs.un.org\u002Fgoals. Accessed 21 June 2023.",{},{"id":18,"text":517,"url":18,"identifiers":518},"WHO. Global accelerated action for the health of adolescents (AA-HA!) guidance to support country implementation. WHO. 2017;9. https:\u002F\u002Fapps.who.int\u002Firis\u002Fbitstream\u002Fhandle\u002F10665\u002F255415\u002F9;jsessionid=B309C8C56E5EEFA24FA2F606422AB847?sequence=1. Accessed 14 Aug 2022.",{},{"id":18,"text":520,"url":18,"identifiers":521},"Adolescent development and participation | UNICEF India. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.unicef.org\u002Findia\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fadolescent-development-participation. Accessed 5 July 2022.",{},{"id":18,"text":523,"url":18,"identifiers":524},"Adolescent health (RKSK): National Health Mission. https:\u002F\u002Fnhm.gov.in\u002Findex1.php?lang=1&level=2&sublinkid=818&lid=221. Accessed 29 June 2020.",{},{"id":18,"text":526,"url":18,"identifiers":527},"Barua A, Watson K, Plesons M, Chandra-Mouli V, Sharma K. Adolescent health programming in India: a rapid review. Reprod Health. 2020;17(1):1–10.",{"doi":528},"10.1186\u002Fs12978-020-00929-4",{"id":18,"text":530,"url":18,"identifiers":531},"ARSH programme overview: National Health Mission Odisha. https:\u002F\u002Fnhmodisha.gov.in\u002Fwritereaddata\u002FUpload\u002FDocuments\u002FARSH%20for%20web.pdf. Accessed 20 June 2023.",{},{"id":18,"text":533,"url":18,"identifiers":534},"Hoopes AJ, Agarwal P, Bull S, Chandra-Mouli V. Measuring adolescent friendly health services in India: a scoping review of evaluations. Reprod Health. 2016;13(1):1–38.",{"doi":535},"10.1186\u002Fs12978-016-0251-8",{"id":18,"text":537,"url":18,"identifiers":538},"Release of NFHS-5 (2019–21)—compendium of factsheets | Ministry of Health and Family Welfare | GOI. https:\u002F\u002Fmain.mohfw.gov.in\u002Fbasicpage-14. Accessed 16 Aug 2022.",{},{"id":18,"text":540,"url":18,"identifiers":541},"Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, Ross DA, Afifi R, Allen NB, et al. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet. 2016;387(10036):2423–78.",{"doi":542},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(16)00579-1",{"id":18,"text":544,"url":18,"identifiers":545},"Sood N, Suman P. Report to the United Nations Human Rights Council for the universal periodic review of the Republic of India on the lack of comprehensive sexuality education in India. Youth Coalition.",{},{"id":18,"text":547,"url":18,"identifiers":548},"States in India ban sex ed to preserve culture. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nbcnews.com\u002Fid\u002Fwbna18723555. Accessed 5 July 2022.",{},{"id":18,"text":550,"url":18,"identifiers":551},"Deshmukh DD, Chaniana SS. Knowledge about sexual and reproductive health in adolescent school-going children of 8th, 9th, and 10th standards. J Psychosexual Health. 2020;2(1):56–62.",{"doi":552},"10.1177\u002F2631831819898916",{"id":18,"text":554,"url":18,"identifiers":555},"Nair MKC, Paul MK, Leena ML, Thankachi Y, George B, Russell PS, et al. Effectiveness of a reproductive sexual health education package among school going adolescents. Indian J Pediatr. 2012;79(S1):64–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12098-011-0433-x.",{"doi":556},"10.1007\u002Fs12098-011-0433-x",{"id":18,"text":558,"url":18,"identifiers":559},"Dongre AR, Deshmukh PR, Garg BS. The effect of community-based health education intervention on management of menstrual hygiene among rural Indian adolescent girls. World Health Popul. 2007;9(3):48–54.",{"doi":560},"10.12927\u002Fwhp.2007.19303",{"id":18,"text":562,"url":18,"identifiers":563},"Parwej S, Kumar R, Walia I, Aggarwal AK. Reproductive health education intervention trial. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72:287–91.",{"doi":564},"10.1007\u002FBF02724005",{"id":18,"text":566,"url":18,"identifiers":567},"Bundy DAP, Schultz L, Sarr B, Banham L, Colenso P, Drake L. The school as a platform for addressing health in middle childhood and adolescence. In: Child and adolescent health and development, vol. 8. 3rd ed. Disease control priorities. Washington: World Bank Group; 2017. p. 269–86.",{},{"id":18,"text":569,"url":18,"identifiers":570},"The education system in India—GNU project—free software foundation. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gnu.org\u002Feducation\u002Fedu-system-india.en.html. Accessed 22 July 2022.",{},{"id":18,"text":572,"url":18,"identifiers":573},"Patel P, Puwar T, Shah N, Saxena D, Trivedi P, Patel K, Yasobant S, Fancy M, Matela H, Savaliya S, Kalpana P. Improving adolescent health: learnings from an interventional study in Gujarat, India. Indian J Community Med Off Publ Indian Assoc Prev Soc Med. 2018;43(Suppl 1):S12.",{},{"id":18,"text":575,"url":18,"identifiers":576},"Cleland J. Illustrative questionnaire for interview-surveys with young people. World Health Organization. References—Scientific Research Publishing. 2001. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scirp.org\u002F(S(czeh2tfqyw2orz553k1w0r45))\u002Freference\u002FReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1950110. Accessed 24 July 2022.",{},{"id":18,"text":578,"url":18,"identifiers":579},"International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach. 2018. https:\u002F\u002Funesdoc.unesco.org\u002Fark:\u002F48223\u002Fpf0000260770. Accessed 21 June 2023.",{},{"id":18,"text":581,"url":18,"identifiers":582},"Thato R, Jenkins RA, Dusitsin N. Effects of the culturally-sensitive comprehensive sex education programme among Thai secondary school students. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(4):457–69.",{"doi":583},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2648.2008.04609.x",{"id":18,"text":585,"url":18,"identifiers":586},"Stephenson JM, Strange V, Forrest S, Oakley PA, Copas A, Allen E, et al. Pupil-led sex education in England (RIPPLE study): cluster-randomised intervention trial. Lancet. 2004;364(9431):338–46.",{"doi":587},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(04)16722-6",{"id":18,"text":589,"url":18,"identifiers":590},"Conboy Martiniuk AL, O’Connor KS, King WD. A cluster randomized trial of a sex education programme in Belize, Central America. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32(1):131–6.",{"doi":591},"10.1093\u002Fije\u002Fdyg014",{"id":18,"text":593,"url":18,"identifiers":594},"Darabi F, Yaseri M, Kaveh MH, Khalajabadi Farahani F, Majlessi F, Shojaeizadeh D. The effect of a theory of planned behavior-based educational intervention on sexual and reproductive health in Iranian adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial. J Res Health Sci. 2017;17(4):400.",{},{"id":18,"text":596,"url":18,"identifiers":597},"Kirby D, Laris BA. Effective curriculum-based sex and STD\u002FHIV education programs for adolescents. Child Dev Perspect. 2009;3(1):21–9.",{"doi":598},"10.1111\u002Fj.1750-8606.2008.00071.x",{"id":18,"text":600,"url":18,"identifiers":601},"Kemigisha E, Bruce K, Ivanova O, Leye E, Coene G, Ruzaaza GN, et al. Evaluation of a school based comprehensive sexuality education program among very young adolescents in rural Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1393.",{"doi":602},"10.1186\u002Fs12889-019-7805-y",{"id":18,"text":604,"url":18,"identifiers":605},"Li C, Cheng Z, Wu T, Liang X, Gaoshan J, Li L, et al. The relationships of school-based sexuality education, sexual knowledge and sexual behaviors—a study of 18,000 Chinese college students. Reprod Health. 2017;14(1):1–9.",{"doi":606},"10.1186\u002Fs12978-017-0368-4",{"id":18,"text":608,"url":18,"identifiers":609},"Odisha government approves Rs 466 crore for ‘Khushi’ scheme to provide free sanitary pads | menstrual hygiene. NDTV. 2019. https:\u002F\u002Fswachhindia.ndtv.com\u002Fodisha-government-approves-rs-466-crore-for-khushi-scheme-to-provide-free-sanitary-pads-31591. Accessed 7 July 2020.",{},{"id":18,"text":611,"url":18,"identifiers":612},"Rusakaniko S, Mbizvo MT, Kasule J, Gupta V, Kinoti SN, Mpanju-Shumbushu W, et al. Trends in reproductive health knowledge following a health education intervention among adolescents in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med. 1997;43(1):1–6.",{},{"id":18,"text":614,"url":18,"identifiers":615},"Kumar R, Goyal A, Singh P, Bhardwaj A, Mittal A, Yadav SS. Knowledge attitude and perception of sex education among school going adolescents in Ambala District, Haryana, India: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(3):LC01.",{},{"id":18,"text":617,"url":18,"identifiers":618},"McManus A, Dhar L. Study of knowledge, perception and attitude of adolescent girls towards STIs\u002FHIV, safer sex and sex education: (a cross sectional survey of urban adolescent school girls in South Delhi, India). BMC Womens Health. 2008;8:1–6.",{"doi":619},"10.1186\u002F1472-6874-8-12",{"id":18,"text":621,"url":18,"identifiers":622},"Ahuja V, Patnaik S, Gurchandandeep, Lugani Y, Sharma N, Goyal S, et al. Perceptions and preferences regarding sex and contraception, amongst adolescents. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2019;8(10):3350.",{"doi":623},"10.4103\u002Fjfmpc.jfmpc_676_19",{"id":18,"text":625,"url":18,"identifiers":626},"Review of the evidence on sexuality education: report to inform the update of the UNESCO International technical guidance on sexuality education. https:\u002F\u002Fhealtheducationresources.unesco.org\u002Flibrary\u002Fdocuments\u002Freview-evidence-sexuality-educationreport-inform-update-unesco-international. Accessed 18 July 2020.",{},{"id":18,"text":628,"url":18,"identifiers":629},"Cooley L, Kohl R, Ved R. Scaling up—from vision to large scale change: a management framework for practitioners. Washington, DC: Management Systems International; 2016.",{},{"id":18,"text":631,"url":18,"identifiers":632},"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. National health policy 2017. https:\u002F\u002Fmain.mohfw.gov.in\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002F9147562941489753121.pdf. Accessed 24 Apr 2023.",{},{"id":18,"text":634,"url":18,"identifiers":635},"About Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) | Official Website Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana | National Health Authority. https:\u002F\u002Fpmjay.gov.in\u002Fabout\u002Fpmjay. Accessed 4 Jan 2022.",{},{"id":637,"createTime":638,"updateTime":639,"relativeEntities":640,"slug":641,"properties":642,"entityType":190,"verifyStatus":191,"verifyTime":651,"verifyNote":193,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":652,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":653,"publicationType":230,"publisherRelationship":736,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":793,"publishDate":796,"publishYear":794,"citationAnalyzeStatus":797,"lastCitationAnalyze":798,"indexDatabases":799,"openAccess":18,"references":800,"isForceReanalyzing":292},"7456b485-eee3-4ede-8032-9f03a7f511ae","2023-12-31T14:09:06.724+00:00","2026-07-27T10:50:16.774+00:00",[],"Non-pharmacological-labor-pain-management-and-associated-factor-among-skilled-birth-attendants-in-Amhara-Regional-State-health-institutions-Northwest-Ethiopia",{"abstract":643,"title":645,"gsPaper":647,"doi":649},{"EN":644},"Healthcare providers have a responsibility to provide pain management support to women during labor. Labor pain management in low and middle income countries primarily relies on non-pharmacological methods, as there is little access to pharmacologic pain management. This study aimed to determine the utilization of non-pharmacological labor pain management (NPLPM) and associated factors among skilled birth attendants (SBAs) in Amhara Regional State health institutions, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 592 SBAs working in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. A multistage sampling was used to collect data using a pretested interview-administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done to characterize the study population. Logistic regression was used to model predictors of NPLPM utilization among SBAs, including age, qualifications, type of medical institution, knowledge, attitudes, and the presence of a protocol. Nearly forty seven percent 277(46.8%) of SBAs in the study cohort utilized NPLPM. SBAs who had adequate knowledge of NPLPM had 2.8 times increased odds of using NPLPM than SBAs who had inadequate knowledge. (95%CI 1.89–4.014). SBAs who had a positive attitude had 4.12 times increased odds of using NPLPM than SBAs with a negative attitude (95%CI 2.36, 7.2). SBAs who had labor a pain management protocol in their facility had 3.98 times increased odds of using NPLPM than those who didn’t have a labor pain management protocol (95%CI 1.83, 8.62). The analysis pointed to a gap in the utilization of NPLPM in the Amhara Region facilities studied. Less than half of SBAs used NPLPM when caring for laboring women. Professional factors related to use of NPLPM included the age of SBAs, their attitudes, level of education, and knowledge concerning pain management. NPLPM was also significantly associated with the availability of labor pain management protocols.",{"EN":646},"Non-pharmacological labor pain management and associated factor among skilled birth attendants in Amhara Regional State health institutions, Northwest 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T, de Jonge A, Hutton EK, Hers S, Lagro-Janssen AL. Perceptions of labour pain management of Dutch primary care midwives: a focus group study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16(1):6.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":806},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":18,"text":808,"url":18,"identifiers":809},"Takrouri M. Basis of obstetric analgesia and anesthesia during child birth. Internet J Health. 2009;9:2.",{},{"id":18,"text":811,"url":18,"identifiers":812},"Care PEP. Essential Antenatal, Perinatal and Postpartum Care. Training module WHO. 2002.",{},{"id":18,"text":814,"url":18,"identifiers":815},"Simkin P, Klein MC. Nonpharmacological approaches to management of labor pain. UpToDate online. 2007;15.",{},{"id":802,"text":817,"url":804,"identifiers":818},"Osório SMB, Silva Júnior LGd, Nicolau AIO. Assessment of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods in pain relief during labor. Northeast Netw Nursing J. 2014;15(1):174–84.",{"doi":806},{"id":802,"text":820,"url":804,"identifiers":821},"Simkin P, Bolding A. Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering. J Midwifery Women Health. 2004;49(6):489–504.",{"doi":806},{"id":802,"text":823,"url":804,"identifiers":824},"Fahimeh Sehhatie MM, Zhaleh VN. the effect of non-pharmaceutical methods of labor pain relief on mothers’ postpartum depression: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Women Health Reprod Sci. 2015;3:48.",{"doi":806},{"id":18,"text":826,"url":827,"identifiers":828},"Grace Lim KRL, Farrell LM, McCarthy AM, Francesca F, Wasan AD. Obstetric pain correlates with postpartum depression symptoms: a pilot prospective observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12884-020-02943-7.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12884-020-02943-7",{"mag":829,"pmc":830,"openalex":831,"pm":832,"doi":833},"3017733168","7178606","W3017733168","32321455","10.1186\u002Fs12884-020-02943-7",{"id":802,"text":835,"url":804,"identifiers":836},"Riazanova OV, Alexandrovich YS, Ioscovic AM. The relationship between labor pain management, cortisol level and risk of postpartum depression development: a prospective nonrandomized observational monocentric trial. Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care. 2018;25(2):123–30.",{"doi":806},{"id":802,"text":838,"url":804,"identifiers":839},"Mahboubeh V, Elaheh S, Maryam K, Marziyeh H. Reviewing the effect of reflexology on the pain and certain features and outcomes of the labor on the primiparous women. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2010;15(1):302–10.",{"doi":806},{"id":18,"text":841,"url":842,"identifiers":843},"Kifle MM, Ghirmai FA, Berhe SA, Tesfay WS, Weldegebriel YT, Gebrehiwet ZT. Predictors of women’s satisfaction with hospital-based intrapartum care in Asmara public hospitals, Eritrea. Obstetr Gynecol Int. 2017. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1155\u002F2017\u002F3717408.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1155\u002F2017\u002F3717408",{"doi":844},"10.1155\u002F2017\u002F3717408",{"id":802,"text":846,"url":804,"identifiers":847},"Melese T, Gebrehiwot Y, Bisetegne D, Habte D. Assessment of client satisfaction in labor and delivery services at a maternity referral hospital in Ethiopia. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;17:76.",{"doi":806},{"id":802,"text":849,"url":804,"identifiers":850},"Ebirim LN, Buowari OY, Ghosh S. Physical and psychological aspects of pain in obstetrics. Pain in perspective: IntechOpen; 2012.",{"doi":806},{"id":802,"text":852,"url":804,"identifiers":853},"McCauley M, Stewart C, Kebede B. A survey of healthcare providers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain relief in labor for women in Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):56.",{"doi":806},{"id":18,"text":855,"url":856,"identifiers":857},"WHO. World Health Statistics. 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2014. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fwhosis\u002Fwhostat\u002F2010\u002Fen\u002Findex.html. 2014;38:39.","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fwhosis\u002Fwhostat\u002F2010\u002Fen\u002Findex.html",{},{"id":859,"text":860,"url":861,"identifiers":862},"a413ab56-0c8f-4014-9426-5f7b59755785","Roro MA, Hassen EM, Lemma AM, Gebreyesus SH, Afework MF. Why do women not deliver in health facilities: a qualitative study of the community perspectives in south central Ethiopia? BMC Res Notes. 2014;7(1):556.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F1756-0500-7-556",{"doi":863},"10.1186\u002F1756-0500-7-556",{"id":802,"text":865,"url":804,"identifiers":866},"Teshome M, Abdella A, Kumbi S. Partureints’ need of continous labor support in labor wards. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2007;21(1):35–9.",{"doi":806},{"id":802,"text":868,"url":804,"identifiers":869},"Bitew A, Workie A, Seyum T, Demeke T. Utilization of obstetric analgesia in labor pain management and associated factors among obstetric care givers in Amhara Regional State Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. J Biomed Sci. 2016;5(2):3.",{"doi":806},{"id":18,"text":871,"url":18,"identifiers":872},"Report ARHB. 2016.",{},{"id":802,"text":874,"url":804,"identifiers":875},"Sahile E, Yemaneh Y, Alehegn A, Nigussie W, Salahuddin M, Yekoye A, et al. Practice of Labour Pain Management Methods and Associated Factors among skilled attendants working at General Hospitals in Tigray Region, North Ethiopia: Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study Design. Health Sci J. 2017;11(4):4.",{"doi":806},{"id":18,"text":877,"url":878,"identifiers":879},"Mousa O, Abdelhafez AA, Abdelraheim AR, Yousef AM, Ghaney AA, El Gelany S. Perceptions and practice of labor pain-relief methods among health professionals conducting delivery in Minia Maternity Units in Egypt. Obstetr Gynecol Int. 2018. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1155\u002F2018\u002F3060953.","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1155\u002F2018\u002F3060953",{"doi":880},"10.1155\u002F2018\u002F3060953",{"id":802,"text":882,"url":804,"identifiers":883},"Ramasamy P, Kwena A, Emarah A, Kangethe S. Knowledge, attitude, practice and barriers to educational implementation of nonpharmacological pain management during labor in selected hospitals, Kenya. Central Afr J Public Health. 2018;4(1):20.",{"doi":806},{"id":802,"text":885,"url":804,"identifiers":886},"Ogboli-Nwasor E, Adaji S, Bature S, Shittu O. Pain relief in labor: a survey of awareness, attitude, and practice of health care providers in Zaria, Nigeria. J Pain Res. 2011;4:227.",{"doi":806},{"id":802,"text":888,"url":804,"identifiers":889},"James JN, Prakash KS, Ponniah M. Awareness and attitudes towards labour pain and labour pain relief of urban women attending a private antenatal clinic in Chennai, India. Indian J Anaesth. 2012;56(2):195.",{"doi":806},{"id":891,"text":892,"url":893,"identifiers":894},"b9b955da-9f4d-4960-b161-e7d9d7d5b87b","Madden KL, Turnbull D, Cyna AM, Adelson P, Wilkinson C. Pain relief for childbirth: the preferences of pregnant women, midwives and obstetricians. Women Birth. 2013;26(1):33–40.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS1871519211002526",{"doi":895},"10.1016\u002Fj.wombi.2011.12.002",{"id":802,"text":897,"url":804,"identifiers":898},"Tasnim S. Perception about pain relief during normal labour among health care providers conducting delivery. Med Today. 2010;22(1):20–3.",{"doi":806},{"id":900,"text":901,"url":902,"identifiers":903},"09328b92-8ed6-4bbe-9b0d-43dd7df83f41","McCauley M, Danna VA, Mrema D, van den Broek N. “We know it’s labour pain, so we don’t do anything”: healthcare provider’s knowledge and attitudes regarding the provision of pain relief during labour and after childbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):444.","https:\u002F\u002Fbmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12884-018-2076-7",{"doi":904},"10.1186\u002Fs12884-018-2076-7",{"id":906,"createTime":907,"updateTime":908,"relativeEntities":909,"slug":910,"properties":911,"entityType":190,"verifyStatus":191,"verifyTime":922,"verifyNote":193,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":923,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":924,"publicationType":230,"publisherRelationship":974,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1032,"publishDate":1035,"publishYear":1033,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1036,"indexDatabases":1037,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":292},"cf913593-eece-4567-8088-c6501f6a9f47","2023-12-26T14:54:10.617+00:00","2026-07-22T01:51:12.574+00:00",[],"Male-Reproductive-Health-A-village-based-study-of-camp-attenders-in-rural-India",{"abstract":912,"title":914,"gsPaper":916,"references":918,"doi":920},{"EN":913},"A paucity of information about male reproductive health and a perceived interest in involvement among local men provided the impetus for carrying out a village based male reproductive health camp. The aim was to investigate men's willingness to participate in such camps, and to describe reproductive health problems in men. Structured interviews were carried out with 120 men attending a reproductive health check-up in a village in rural West Bengal, India. General information, details of family planning methods used and data on reproductive health complaints were collected. Clinical examinations were also carried out. Socio-demographic characteristics were compared for men with and without reproductive health and urinary complaints. Three quarters of the married men were using contraception, but the majority stated that their wives were responsible for it. The most common reproductive health complaint was urinary problems; 28% had burning on urination, and 22% reported frequent and\u002For difficult urination. There were few social or demographic differences between men with and without problems. Seventeen percent of the men had clinically diagnosed reproductive health problems, the most common being urethral discharge. None of the men with diagnosed problems were using condoms. This study highlights the interest of men in their reproductive health, but also highlights the high proportion of men with problems. In addition, a number of men with clinically diagnosed problems had not reported them in the interviews, illustrating either the reticence to report or the lack of knowledge about symptoms of reproductive health problems. Recommendations for future programmes and research in this field are given.",{"EN":915},"Male Reproductive Health: A village based study of camp attenders in rural India",{"VOID":917},"[\"9363167263110974151\"]",{"VOID":919},"Ndong I, Becker RM, Haws JM, Wegner MN: Men's Reproductive Health: Defining, Designing and Delivering Services. International Family Planning Perspectives. 1999, 25 (Suppl): 53-55.\nCollumbien M, Hawkes S: Missing men's messages: does the reproductive health approach respond to men's sexual health needs?. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2000, 2: 135-150. 10.1080\u002F136910500300769.\nDudgeon MR, Inhorn MC: Men's influences on women's reproductive health: medical anthropological perspectives. Social Science & Medicine. 2004, 59: 1379-1395. 10.1016\u002Fj.socscimed.2003.11.035.\nPachauri S: Male involvement in reproductive health care. Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 2001, 99: 138-141.\nWang YF: Male reproductive health research needs and research agenda: Asian and Chinese perspective. Asian Journal of Andrology. 1999, 1: 13-20.\nWegner MN, Landry E, Wilkinson D, Tzanis J: Men as partners in Reproductive Health: From Issues to Action. International Family Planning Perspectives. 1998, 24: 38-42.\nHawkes S, Morison L, Foster S, Gausia K, Chakraborty J, Peeling RW, Mabey D: Reproductive-tract infections in women in low-income, low-prevalence situations: assessment of syndromic management in Matlab, Bangladesh. Lancet. 1999, 354: 1776-1781. 10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(99)02463-0.\nSingh KK, Bloom SS, Tsui AO: Husbands' reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in Uttar Pradesh, India. Studies in Family Planning. 1998, 29: 388-399.\nVerma RK: Reproductive health issues: focus on men. IASSI Quarterly. 1997, 16: 172-182.\nBloom SS, Tsui AO, Plotkin M, Bassett S: What husbands in northern India know about reproductive health: correlates of knowledge about pregnancy and maternal and sexual health. J Biosoc Sci. 2000, 32: 237-51. 10.1017\u002FS0021932000002376.\nHawkes S, Santhya KG: Diverse realities: sexually transmitted infections and HIV in India. Sex Transm Infect. 2002, 78: 31-39. 10.1136\u002Fsti.78.1.31.\nVerma RK, Rangaiyan R, Singh R, Sharma S, Pelto PJ: A study of male sexual health problems in a Mumbai slum population. Culture, Health & Sexuality. 2001, 3: 339-352. 10.1080\u002F13691050152484759.\nDean AD, Dean JA, Coulombier D, Brendel KA, Smith DC, Burton AH, Dicker RC, Sullivan K, Fagan RF, Arner TG: Epi Info: a word processing, database and statistics program for epidemiology on microcomputers. [Version 6]. 1994, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Centers for disease control and prevention.\nSPSS: SPSS for Windows. [Rel. 10.0.7.]. 2001, Chicago, SPSS Inc\nBang R, Bang A: Commentary on a community-based approach to reproductive health care. Society for Education, Action and Research in Community. 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Kenya similar to other countries in Eastern and Southern Africa There is a disproportionately high burden of the global HIV incidence among youth ages 15–24 years, and where adolescent girls and young women account for up to a third of all incident HIV infections and more than double the burden of HIV compared to their male peers. Previous work has shown early sexual debut as entry point into risks to sexual and reproductive health among young people including STI\u002FHIV acquisition. This was a formative assessment of the local context of three sexual risk behaviors among youth ages of 15–24 years: early sexual debut, multiple sexual partnerships, and age-mixing \u002Fintergenerational sex for purposes of informing comprehensive combination HIV intervention program design. We conducted a cross-sectional formative qualitative study in four sub-counties within Homabay county a high HIV prevalence region of Kenya. Participants were recruited through youth groups, schools, government offices and, community gatekeepers using approved fliers, referred to a designated venue for focus group discussion (FGD). After oral informed consent, twelve FGDs of 8–10 participants were carried out. Transcripts and field notes were uploaded to Atlas.ti qualitative data analysis and research software (version 8.0, 2017, ATLAS.ti GmbH). Open coding followed by grouping, categorization of code groups, and thematic abstraction was used to draw meaning for the data. A total of 111 youth participated in the FGD, 65 males and 46 females. The main findings were that youth engaged in early sex for fear of being labeled ‘odd’ by their peers, belief (among both male and female) that ‘practice makes perfect’, curiosity about sex, media influence, need to prove if one can father a child (among male), the notion that sex equals love with some of the youth using this excuse to coerce their partners into premature sex, and the belief that sex is a human right and parents\u002Fguardians should not intervene. Male youth experienced more peer-pressure to have sex earlier. Female youths cited many reasons to delay coitarche that included fear of pregnancy, burden of taking care of a baby, and religious doctrines. Having multiple sexual partners and intergenerational sexual relationships were common among the youth driven by perceived financial gain and increased sexual prowess. HIV prevention strategies need to address gender vulnerabilities, as well as promoting a protective environment, hence application of combination prevention methods is a viable solution to the HIV pandemic. Trial registration number: The study was approved by the KNH\u002FUoN Ethics review committee (KNH\u002FUoN ERC-P73\u002F03\u002F2011) and New York University (NYU Reg no.–00000310).",{"EN":1048},"Understanding sexual behaviors of youth from the lens of caregivers, teachers, local leaders and youth in Homabay County, Kenya",{"VOID":1050},"[]",{"VOID":1052},"Alawode OA, Ogunwemimo H, Bolorunduro ME, Awoleye AF. 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Switzerland; 2014. https:\u002F\u002Fapps.who.int\u002Firis\u002Fbitstream\u002Fhandle\u002F10665\u002F112750\u002FWHO_FWC_MCA_14.05_eng.pdf?sequence.\nWyrod R, Fritz K, Woelk G, Jain S, Kellogg T, Chirowodza A, Makumbe K, McFarland W. Beyond sugar daddies: intergenerational sex and AIDS in urban Zimbabwe. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(6):1275–82. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10461-010-9800-2.\nYakubu I, Salisu WJ. Determinants of adolescent pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):15. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12978-018-0460-4.PMID:29374479;PMCID:PMC5787272.\nZamudio-Haas S, Auerswald C, Miller L, Amboka S, Agot I, Kadede K, Otieno B, Odhiambo H, Odeny D, Onyango J, Bukusi EA, Truong HM. Seeking a “Sponyo”: insights into motivations and risks around intergenerational transactional sex among adolescent boys and girls in Kenya. J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(5):930–6. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jadohealth.2020.09.027.\nZuilkowski SS, Jukes MC. The impact of education on sexual behavior in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of the evidence. AIDS Care. 2012;24(5):562–76. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F09540121.2011.630351.",{"VOID":1054},"10.1186\u002Fs12978-023-01680-2","2024-06-26T07:29:07.962+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Freproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12978-023-01680-2",[1058,1073,1097,1112,1139,1159,1179,1192],{"id":1059,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1060,"affiliations":1061,"properties":1070,"displayName":1072,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"a4d36270-efad-420f-aa69-369e56a07d97",[201],[1062],{"id":1063,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1064,"properties":18},"a73a2c8d-b4b6-4afa-8292-e65651b5a522",{"id":1063,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1065,"slug":18,"properties":1066,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1069,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1067},{"VI":1068},"Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kisumu, 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are an important prevention method in the transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted infections as well as unintended pregnancy. Individual-level factors associated with condom use include family support and connection, strong relationships with teachers and other students, discussions about sexuality with friends and peers, higher perceived economic status, and higher levels of education. Little, however, is known about the influence of social norms on condom use among young men in Ethiopia. This study examines the effect of descriptive and injunctive norms on condoms use at last sex using the theory of normative social behavior. A cross-sectional survey was implemented with 15-24 year old male youth in five Ethiopian regions in 2016. The analytic sample was limited to sexually active single young men (n = 260). Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted. An interaction term was included in the multivariate model to assess whether injunctive norms moderate the relationship between descriptive norms and condom use. The descriptive norm of knowing a friend who had ever used condoms significantly increased respondents’ likelihood of using condoms at last sex. The injunctive norm of being worried about what people would think if they learned that the respondent needed condoms significantly decreased their likelihood to use condoms. The injunctive norm did not moderate the relationship between descriptive norms and condom use. Young men who lived closer to a youth friendly service (YFS) site were significantly more likely to have used condoms at last sex compared to those who lived further away from a YFS site. Social norms play an important role in decision-making to use condoms among single young men in Ethiopia. The interplay between injunctive and descriptive norms is less straightforward and likely varies by individual. Interventions need to focus on shifting community-level norms to be more accepting of sexually active, single young men’s use of condoms and need to be a part of a larger effort to delay sexual debut, decrease sexual violence, and increase gender equity in relationships.",{"EN":1280},"Condom use at last sex by young men in Ethiopia: the effect of descriptive and injunctive norms",{"VOID":1282},"[\"8873615205725365347\"]",{"VOID":1284},"UNAIDS: AIDSinfo. http:\u002F\u002Faidsinfo.unaids.org (2017). Accessed 26 Oct 2017.\nPopulation Reference Bureau. 2017 World population data sheet. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau; 2017.\nUNAIDS. UNFPA, WHO and UNAIDS: Position statement on condoms and the prevention of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy.(2015) http:\u002F\u002Fwww.unaids.org\u002Fen\u002Fresources\u002Fpresscentre\u002Ffeaturestories\u002F2015\u002Fjuly\u002F20150702_condcon_prevention. Accessed 26 Oct 2017.\nCentral Statistical Agency (CSA) [Ethiopia] and ICF. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland: CSA and ICF; 2016.\nAbebe M, Tsion A, Netsanet F. Living with parents and risky sexual behaviors among preparatory school students in Jimma zone, south West Ethiopia. Afr Health Sci. 2013;13(2):498–506.\nBogale A, Seme A. Premarital sexual practices and its predictors among in-school youths of shendi town, west Gojjam zone, North Western Ethiopia. Reprod Health. 2014;11:49.\nMaria W. Sexual behaviour, knowledge and awareness of related reproductive health issues among single youth in Ethiopia. Afr J Reprod Health. 2007;11(1):14–21.\nKassa G, Degu G, Yitayew M, Misganaw W, Muche M, Demelash T, Mesele M, Ayehu M. Risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among Jiga high school and preparatory school students, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Int Sch Res Notices. 2016;2016:1–7. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1155\u002F2016\u002F4315729.\nMolla M, Nordrehaug Åstrøm A, Brehane Y. Applicability of the theory of planned behavior to intended and self-reported condom use in a rural Ethiopian population. AIDS Care. 2007;19(3):425–31.\nBryan A, Kagee A, Broaddus M. Condom use among south African adolescents: developing and testing theoretical models of intentions and behavior. AIDS Behav. 2006;10(4):387–97.\nEggers S, Aarø L, Bos A, Mathews C, Kaaya S, Onya H, de Vries H. Sociocognitive predictors of condom use and intentions among adolescents in three sub-Saharan sites. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;45(2):353–65.\nSacolo H, Chung M, Chu H, Liao Y, Chen C, Ou K, Chang L, Chou K. High risk sexual behaviors for HIV among the in-school youth in Swaziland: a structural equation modeling approach. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e67289.\nRijsdijk L, Bos A, Lie R, Ruiter R, Leerlooijer J, Kok G. Correlates of delayed sexual intercourse and condom use among adolescents in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:817.\nKalolo A, Kibusi S. The influence of perceived behaviour control, attitude and empowerment on reported condom use and intention to use condoms among adolescents in rural Tanzania. Reprod Health. 2015;12(1):105.\nRimal R, Real K. How behaviors are influenced by perceived norms: a test of the theory of normative social behavior. Commun Res. 2005;32(3):389–414.\nCialdini R, Reno R, Kallgren C. A focus theory of normative conduct: recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990;58(6):1015–26.\nRimal R, Real K. Understanding the influence of perceived norms on behaviors. Commun Theor. 2003;13(2):184–203.\nLapinski M, Rimal R. An explication of social norms. Commun Theor. 2005;15(2):127–47.\nRimal R, Sripad P, Speizer I, Calhoun L. Interpersonal communication as an agent of normative influence: a mixed method study among the urban poor in India. Reprod Health. 2015;12:71.\nJang S, Rimal R, Cho N. Normative influences and alcohol consumption: the role of drinking refusal self-efficacy. Health Commun. 2013;28(5):443–51.\nLapinski M, Anderson J, Shugart A, Todd E. Social influence in child care centers: a test of the theory of normative social behavior. Health Commun. 2014;29(3):219–32.\nPriebe CS, Spink KS. When in Rome: descriptive norms and physical activity. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2011;12(2):93–8.\nKish L. A procedure for objective respondent selection within the household. J Am Stat Assoc. 1949;44(247):380–7.\nJain A, Ismail H, Tobey E, Erulkar A. Understanding adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health-seeking behaviors in Ethiopia: implications for youth friendly service programming. Washington, DC: Population Council; 2017.\nMEASURE Evaluation. Condom use at last high-risk sex. In: Family planning and reproductive health indicators database; 2017. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.measureevaluation.org\u002Fprh\u002Frh_indicators\u002Fwomens-health\u002Fstis-hiv-aids\u002Fcondom-use-at-last-high-risk-sex. Accessed 26 Oct. 2017.\nMinistry of Health of Ethiopia. National adolescent and youth health strategy (2016–2020). Addis Ababa: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; 2017.\nErulkar A, Muthengi E. Evaluation of Berhane Hewan: a program to delay child marriage in rural Ethiopia. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2009;35(1):6–14.\nErulkar A, Medhin G, Weissman E. The impact and cost of child marriage prevention in three African settings. Addis Ababa. New York: Population Council; 2017.\nSelikow T, Ahmed N, Flisher A, Mathews C, Mukoma W. I am not “umqwayito”: a qualitative study of peer pressure and sexual risk behavior among young adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa. Scand J Public Healt. 2009;37(Suppl 2):107–12.\nIzugbara C. Notions of sex, sexuality and relationships among adolescent boys in rural southeastern Nigeria. Sex Educ. 2004;4(1):63–79.\nAnnabel Erulkar, Abebaw Ferede, (2009) Social Exclusion and Early or Unwanted Sexual Initiation Among Poor Urban Females in Ethiopia. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 35(04):186–93.\nLelissa G, Yusuf L. A Cross Sectional Study on Prevalence of Gender Based Violence in Three High Schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 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of labor (IOL) is a common practice in many parts of the world. However, the benefits and risks of preventive IOL for the mother and baby have yet to be critically assessed. This study is to investigate the effects of preventive IOL for non-urgent indications at term on maternal and neonatal outcomes. In this study, we applied a propensity score model to mimic a randomized clinical trial. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between women with preventive IOL at 37–39 weeks of gestation and women with ongoing pregnancy (expectant management). The subjects were from the Consortium on Safe Labor, a study of over 200,000 births from 19 hospitals across the US from 2002 to 2008. Both nulliparous and multiparous women induced preventively for non-urgent indications at 37–38 weeks’ gestation had lower rates of cesarean delivery compared to those delivered at later gestational weeks. However, preventive IOL was associated with increased risks of adverse neonatal outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.68, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.97–2.92 for nulliparas; aOR = 2.22, 1.32–3.74 for multiparas) and admission to NICU (aOR = 1.48, 0.99–2.20 for nulliparas; aOR = 2.08, 1.47–2.96 for multiparas) at 37 weeks’ gestation. A longer maternal hospital stay was found among all women with preventive IOL. Preventive IOL for non-urgent indications may be associated with a decreased risk of cesarean delivery at early term but increased risks of adverse neonatal outcomes at 37 weeks. It also results in a longer hospital stay than expectant management.",{"EN":1424},"Preventive induction of labor for non-urgent indications at term and maternal and neonatal outcomes",{"VOID":1426},"[\"12478978429689903962\"]",{"VOID":1428},"Vogel JP, Gülmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Temmerman M. Global perspectives on elective induction of labor. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2014;57(2):331–42.\nCaughey AB. Preventive induction of labor: potential benefits if proved effective. Ann Fam Med. 2007;5:292–3.\nCaughey AB. Preventive induction of labor: can its use lower the cesarean delivery rate? J Womens Health. 2009;18:1743–5.\nBond DM, Gordon A, Hyett J, de Vries B, Carberry AE, Morris J. Planned early delivery versus expectant management of the term suspected compromised baby for improving outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;11, CD009433.\nCaughey AB, Sundaram V, Kaimal AJ, Cheng YW, Gienger A, Little SE, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of elective induction of labor. Evid Rep Technol Assess. 2009;176:1–257.\nCaughey AB, Sundaram V, Kaimal AJ, Gienger A, Cheng YW, McDonald KM, et al. Systematic review: elective induction of labor versus expectant management of pregnancy. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:252–63.\nD'Agostino Jr RB. Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group. Stat Med. 1998;17:2265–81.\nKuss O, Legler T, Börgermann J. Treatments effects from randomized trials and propensity score analyses were similar in similar populations in an example from cardiac surgery. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:1076–84.\nZhang J, Troendle J, Reddy U, Laughon SK, Branch DW, Burkman R, et al. Contemporary cesarean delivery practice in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203:326. e1-10.\nKoopmans CM, Bijlenga D, Groen H, Vijgen SM, Aarnoudse JG, Bekedam DJ, et al. Induction of labor versus expectant monitoring for gestational hypertension or mild pre-eclampsia after 36 weeks' gestation (HYPITAT): a multicentre, open-label randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374:979–88.\nHedegaard M, Lidegaard Ø, Skovlund CW, Mørch LS, Hedegaard M. Perinatal outcomes following an earlier post-term labour induction policy: a historical cohort study. BJOG. 2015;122(10):1377–85.\nKjos SL, Henry OA, Montoro M, Buchanan TA, Mestman JH. Insulin-requiring diabetes in pregnancy: a randomized trial of active induction of labor and expectant management. Am J ObstetGynecol. 1993;169:611–5.\nBroekhuijsen K, van Baaren G, van Pampus M, Sikkema M, Woiski M, Oudijk M, et al. Delivery versus expectant monitoring for late preterm hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HYPITAT-II): a multicenter, open label, randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210:S2–3.\nBrookhart MA, Schneeweiss S, Rothman KJ, Glynn RJ, Avorn J, Stürmer T. Variable selection for propensity score models. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163:1149–56.",{"VOID":1430},"10.1186\u002Fs12978-016-0165-5","2024-05-10T10:07:53.334+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Freproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12978-016-0165-5",[1434,1449,1462,1475,1488,1501],{"id":1435,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1436,"affiliations":1437,"properties":1446,"displayName":1448,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"faf738fa-c6ef-4b8d-bdbd-1a7c13a8213c",[201],[1438],{"id":1439,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1440,"properties":18},"17141b08-4e54-4145-afdf-1d0439308071",{"id":1439,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1441,"slug":18,"properties":1442,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1445,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1443},{"VI":1444},"Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China",[],{"title":1447},{"VI":1448},"Lin Zhang",{"id":1450,"sortIndex":216,"researcher":18,"roles":1451,"affiliations":1452,"properties":1459,"displayName":1461,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"2c3aa67f-ff50-4820-ae83-8ee5ce836e05",[201],[1453],{"id":1439,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1454,"properties":18},{"id":1439,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1455,"slug":18,"properties":1456,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1458,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1457},{"VI":1444},[],{"title":1460},{"VI":1461},"Hao Zhang",{"id":1463,"sortIndex":355,"researcher":18,"roles":1464,"affiliations":1465,"properties":1472,"displayName":1474,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"64e764f4-9f45-467b-a13c-fbf4f79750a0",[201],[1466],{"id":1439,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1467,"properties":18},{"id":1439,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1468,"slug":18,"properties":1469,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1471,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1470},{"VI":1444},[],{"title":1473},{"VI":1474},"Jun Zhang",{"id":1476,"sortIndex":373,"researcher":18,"roles":1477,"affiliations":1478,"properties":1485,"displayName":1487,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"bf99a865-7175-478e-bb1d-c4563d60a37b",[201],[1479],{"id":1439,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1480,"properties":18},{"id":1439,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1481,"slug":18,"properties":1482,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1484,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1483},{"VI":1444},[],{"title":1486},{"VI":1487},"Jin Wen Zhang",{"id":1489,"sortIndex":116,"researcher":18,"roles":1490,"affiliations":1491,"properties":1498,"displayName":1500,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"412a076b-3b53-4081-8555-fb05c1ca2b1e",[201],[1492],{"id":1439,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1493,"properties":18},{"id":1439,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1494,"slug":18,"properties":1495,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1497,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1496},{"VI":1444},[],{"title":1499},{"VI":1500},"Jiang Feng Ye",{"id":1502,"sortIndex":412,"researcher":18,"roles":1503,"affiliations":1504,"properties":1513,"displayName":1515,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"894f187e-361c-4741-b978-7aa8b8f719b1",[201],[1505],{"id":1506,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1507,"properties":18},"3d43f478-1803-4943-92e5-0419ef5756c5",{"id":1506,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1508,"slug":18,"properties":1509,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1512,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1510},{"VI":1511},"Intermountain HealthCare and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA",[],{"title":1514},{"VI":1515},"D. 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There is a growing recognition of the need to integrate them into the formal health care system as a strategy to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate and achieve universal health coverage. Though promising, the success of this proposition is largely dependent on a critical analysis of the factors which influence their operations. This study was designed to identify the contextual factors influencing the provision of injectable contraceptive services by PMVs and the broader effects of their activities on the health system to inform similar interventions in Nigeria. This was a qualitative study guided by the UK Medical Research Council’s Framework for Complex Interventions. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews were conducted among officials of the association of PMVs, health workers, government regulatory officers and programme implementers who participated in a phased 3-year (2015–2018) intervention designed to enhance the capacity of PMVs to deliver injectable contraceptive services. The data were transcribed and analyzed thematically using NVIVO software. The contextual factors which had implications on the roles of PMVs were socio-cultural and religious, the failing Nigerian health system coupled with government regulatory policies. Other factors were interprofessional tensions and rivalry between the PMVs and some categories of health care workers and increasing donors’ interest in exploring the potentials of PMVs for expanded healthcare service provision. According to the respondents, the PMVs bridged the Nigerian health system service delivery gaps serving as the first point of contact for injectable contraceptive services and this increased contraceptive uptake in the study sites. A negative effect of their operation is the tendency to exceed their service provision limits, which has spurred a planned tiered PMV accreditation system. This study has highlighted the contextual factors which define the roles and scope of practice of PMVs involved in injectable contraceptive service provision. Strategies and interventions aimed at expanding the healthcare delivery roles of PMVs must be encompassing to address the broader contextual factors which underpin their capacities and functions.",{"EN":1589},"Contextual factors influencing the roles of patent medicine vendors in the provision of injectable contraception services in Nigeria",{"VOID":1050},{"VOID":1592},"SFH. Society for Family Health. The landscape of patent and proprietary medicine vendors in 16 states of Nigeria. 2014. p. 1–52.\nAjuwon AJ, Oshiname FO, Imaledo J, Ajayi O, Dipeolu IO. Delivery and utilisation of injectable contraceptive services in rural Nigeria: learning from the perspectives of patent medicine vendors and women of reproductive age. Afr J Biomed Res. 2016;19(2):79–86.\nAjuwon A, Imaledo J, Oshiname F, Ajayi O. Research and recommendations on the delivery of injectable contraceptive services by patent medicine vendors in Rural Nigeria Nigeria: PMV Provision of Injectable Contraceptives. 2013;1–4.\nDwyer S, Mohammed S, Okunade F, Reichenbach L, Jain A. Feasibility of patent and proprietary medicine vendor provision of injectable contraceptives: preliminary results from implementation science research in Oyo and Nasarawa, Nigeria. Contraception [Internet]. 2018;98(5):460–2. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.contraception.2018.08.015.\nUSAID. United States Agency for International Development. Strengtening health outcomes through the private sector. Nigeria Program Profile. 2015. 1–32 p.\nFMOH. Federal Ministry of Health. Task-shifting and task-sharing policy for essential health care services in Nigeria. 2014. p. 1–56.\nDwyer CS, Jain A, Mohammed Ishaku S, Okunade FT, Uzomba C, Adebayo A, et al. The effect of job aids on knowledge retention among Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors trained to administer injectable contraceptives: longitudinal results from implementation science in Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1362.\nKazdin AE. Evidence-Based Treatment and Practice: new opportunities to bridge clinical research and practice, enhance the knowledge base, and improve patient care. Am Psychol. 2008;63(3):146–59.\nColes E, Wells M, Maxwell M, Harris FM, Anderson J, Gray NM, et al. The influence of contextual factors on healthcare quality improvement initiatives: what works, for whom and in what setting? Protocol for a realist review. Syst Rev. 2017;6(1):1–10.\nShahsavari H, Matourypour P, Ghiyasvandian S, Nejad M. Medical Research Council framework for development and evaluation of complex interventions: a comprehensive guidance. J Educ Health Promotion. 2020;9(1):4–7.\nCraig P, Dieppe P, Macintyre S, Michie S, Nazareth I, Petticrew M. Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ. 2008;337:1–6.\nAtuahene MD, Afari EO, Adjuik M, Obed S. Health knowledge, attitudes and practices of family planning service providers and clients in Akwapim North District of Ghana. Contracept Reprod Med [Internet]. 2016;1(1):1–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40834-016-0016-3.\nAdedini S, Babalola S, Ibeawuchi C, Omotoso O, Akiode A, Odeku M. Role of religious leaders in promoting contraceptive use in Nigeria: evidence from the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative. Global Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(3):500–14.\nPharmacists Council of Nigeria. Registration and licensing of pharmaceutical premises regulations. 2021. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pcn.gov.ng\u002Fwpcontent\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F10\u002FRegistration-and-Licensing-Regulations-1.pdf. Accessed 17 June 2023.\nThe IntegratE Project. Integrating FP and PHC services expansion in CPs and PPMVs. 2022. https:\u002F\u002Fintegrateeproject.org.ng. Accessed 17 June 2023.\nOlaOlorun FM, Jain A, Olalere E, et al. Nigerian stakeholders’ perceptions of a pilot tier accreditation system for Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors to expand access to family planning services. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:1119. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12913-022-08503-3.\nUSAID. United States Agency for International Development. Guidance for Integrating the Provision of Injectable Contraceptives by Community Health Workers into Family Planning\u002FSexual and Reproductive Health Policy. 2012. p. 1–4.\nFMOH. Task-shifting and task-sharing policy for essential health care ervices in Nigeria. 2014. p. 1–56.\nHoke TH, Wheeler SB, Lynd K, Green MS, Razafindravony BH, Rasamihajamanana E, et al. United States Agency for International Development. Community-based provision of injectable contraceptives in Madagascar: “Task shifting” to expand access to injectable contraceptives. Health Policy Planning. 2012;27(1):52–9.\nWHO. The human resources for health crisis [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2011 [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fworkforcealliance\u002Fabout\u002Fhrh_crisis\u002Fen\u002F.\nMamodesan O. Improving access to health care in rural communities by re-orienting and integrating patent medicine sellers into primary health care service delivery in Nigeria. South Am J Public Health. 2015;3(2):1–18.\nUjuju C, Adebayo S, Anyanti J, Obi O, Muhammad F, Ankomah A. An assessment of the quality of advice provided by patent medicine vendors to users of oral contraceptive pills in urban Nigeria. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2014;7:163–71.\nCorroon M, Kebede E, Spektor G, Speizera L. Key role of drug shops and pharmacies for family. Global Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(4):594–609.\nRiley C, Garfinkel D, Thanel K, Esch K, Workalemahu E, Anyanti J, et al. Getting to FP2020: harnessing the private sector to increase modern contraceptive access and choice in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and DRC. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(2):1–16.\nLiu J, Prach L, Teleaven E, Hansen M, Anyanti J, Jagha T, et al. The role of drug vendors in improving basic healthcare services in Nigeria. Bull World Health Organ. 2016;94:267–75.\nUSAID. United States Agency for International Development. President’s Malaria Initiative: Malaria Operational Plan FY 2019. Nation State Agency for International Development (USAID). 2019. p. 1–79.\nNational Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ICF. 2019. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF; 2019.\nWHO. World Health Organization. The Human Resources for Health Crisis [Internet]. 2011. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fworkforcealliance\u002Fabout\u002Fhrh_crisis\u002Fen\u002F.\nLittrell M, Moukam LV, Libite R, Youmba JC, Baugh G. Narrowing the treatment gap with equitable access: mid-term outcomes of a community case management program in Cameroon. Health Policy Plan. 2013;28(7):705–16.\nGoodman C, Brieger W, Unwin A, Mills A, Meek S, Greer G. Medicine sellers and malaria treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: what do they do and how can their practice be improved? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;77(Suppl 6):203–18.\nBarnes J, Chandani T, Feeley R. Nigeria Private Health Sector Assessment. Brief. Bethesda, MD: Strengthening Health Outcomes through the Private Sector Project, Abt Associates. [Internet]. 2012. p. 1–16. Available from: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.shopsproject.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Fresources\u002F5137_file_FINAL_Nigeria_Private_Sector_Health_Assessment_rev.pdf.\nOkeke TA, Okeibunor JC. Rural—urban differences in health-seeking for the treatment of childhood malaria in south-east Nigeria. Health Policy [Internet]. 2010;95(1):62–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.healthpol.2009.11.005.\nBeyeler N, Liu J, Sieverding M. A systematic review of the role of proprietary and patent medicine vendors in healthcare provision in Nigeria. 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pneumatic anti-shock garment is a unique, life -saving first -aid device made of neoprene and velcro, which is used for treatment of women with postpartum hemorrhage. Maternal mortality in the world still very high and postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n\u003Cjats:title>Objective\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n\u003Cjats:p>This study was aimed to assess the utilization of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment and associated factors for postpartum hemorrhage management.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n\u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n\u003Cjats:p>Facility based cross-sectional studies design both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were employed among 210 health care professionals and 10 key informants respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with non-pneumatic anti-shock garment utilization. Qualitative data was transcribed, translated and triangulated with quantitative findings.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n\u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n\u003Cjats:p>Seventy six (36.2%) of the respondents used non-pneumatic anti-shock garment in their hospitals for management of post-partum hemorrhage. Having good knowledge [(AOR = 3.96, 95% CI: (1.67, 9.407)], having positive attitude [(AOR = 3.54, 95% CI: (1.37, 9.13)], attending training [AOR = 13.156, 95% CI: (4.81, 36.00], having two and above non-pneumatic anti-shock garment at their hospitals [AOR = 8.7, 95% CI: (2.89, 26.20)] were significantly associated with utilization of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment\u003Cjats:bold>.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> … “I didn’t use non-pneumatic anti-shock garment for the management of postpartum hemorrhage complication before because I have no training and experience how to use it.”\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n\u003Cjats:title>Conclusion\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n\u003Cjats:p>The utilization of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment for the management of postpartum hemorrhage was low. Having positive attitude, having good knowledge and training on non-pneumatic anti-shock garment were statically associated with its use. The health care professionals that involved in the maternity service should be trained on how to use this important garment in the management of postpartum hemorrhage.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":1761},"Utilization of non-pneumatic anti-shock garment and associated factors for postpartum hemorrhage management among health care professionals’ in public hospitals of Jimma zone, south-West Ethiopia, 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J. The Non-Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG): Saving Mothers’ Lives Through Innovation in Timor-Leste. 2015.",{},{"id":18,"text":1903,"url":18,"identifiers":1904},"Miller S, Bergel EF, El Ayadi AK, et al. Non-pneumatic anti-shock garment (NASG), a first-aid device to decrease maternal mortality from obstetric hemorrhage: a cluster randomized trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):764–677.",{},{"id":18,"text":1906,"url":18,"identifiers":1907},"Hensleigh PA. Anti-shock garment provides resuscitation and haemostatic for obstetric hemorrhage. BJOG. 2002;109:1377–84.",{"doi":1908},"10.1046\u002Fj.1471-0528.2002.02197.x",{"id":18,"text":1910,"url":18,"identifiers":1911},"Miller S, Martin HB, Morris JL. Anti-shock garment in postpartum hemorrhage. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;22(6):1057–74.",{"doi":1912},"10.1016\u002Fj.bpobgyn.2008.08.008",{"id":18,"text":1914,"url":18,"identifiers":1915},"Miller S. Introduction to the Non-Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG) for obstetric haemorrhage. UCSF Safe Motherhood Program; 2013. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.Safemotherhood.ucsf.edu.",{},{"id":18,"text":1917,"url":18,"identifiers":1918},"World Health Organization. WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Available from: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Freproductivehealth\u002Fpublications\u002Fmaternal_perinatal_health\u002F9789241548502\u002Fen\u002F.",{},{"id":18,"text":1920,"url":18,"identifiers":1921},"ICM\u002FFIGO. International Confederation of Midwives and International Federation of Gynecologists’ and Obstetricians Joint Statement: Management of the Third Stage of labor to Prevent Post-partum Hemorrhage 2003.",{},{"id":18,"text":1923,"url":18,"identifiers":1924},"Demeke, Z. Non-pneumatic anti-shock garment pilot in Ethiopia to reduce maternal mortality secondary to obstetric hemorrhage. CHAI Ethiopia. Presented at the Global Maternal Health Conference, 2013.",{},{"id":18,"text":1926,"url":18,"identifiers":1927},"WHO Health statistics and information system maternal mortality ratio definitions. Retrieved 2017: Available from: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fhealthinfo\u002Fstatistics\u002Findmaternal mortality\u002Fen\u002F.",{},{"id":18,"text":1929,"url":18,"identifiers":1930},"World Health Organization, UNICEF, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Managing complications in pregnancy and childbirth: a guide for midwives and doctors. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.",{},{"id":18,"text":1932,"url":18,"identifiers":1933},"World Health Organization Maternal mortality https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int › News › Fact sheets › Detail 2018.",{},{"id":18,"text":1935,"url":18,"identifiers":1936},"Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):462–74.",{"doi":1937},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(15)00838-7",{"id":18,"text":1939,"url":18,"identifiers":1940},"Maternal death or maternal mortalities defined by world health organization (WHO) as “the … .All data is from the world Bank. … . Retrieved 2018-06-27. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fsearch?q=List+of+countries+by+maternal+mortality+rate.",{},{"id":18,"text":1942,"url":18,"identifiers":1943},"DC Dutta’s Textbook of Obstetrics: Kolkata India, eighth edition 2015. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.academia.edu\u002F36303073\u002FTextbook_of_DC_Duttas_OBSTETRICS_8ed.",{"doi":1944},"10.5005\u002Fjp\u002Fbooks\u002F12540",{"id":18,"text":1946,"url":18,"identifiers":1947},"Lale S et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic www.thelancet.com\u002Flancetgh 2014 Vol 2.",{"doi":1948},"10.1016\u002FS2214-109X(14)70296-7",{"id":18,"text":1950,"url":18,"identifiers":1951},"Legesse et al Trend of maternal deaths from 2010 to 2014 in JUSH International Journal of Women’s Health 2017:9.",{},{"id":18,"text":1953,"url":18,"identifiers":1954},"Abete T, Kebede B Misganaw, E, Rogers N, Retrospective study of birth outcome and prevalence postpartum morbidity among women who attendend for care in Gonder, North West Ethiopia,2014; 3(125).",{"doi":1955},"10.4172\u002F2167-0250.1000125",{"id":18,"text":1957,"url":18,"identifiers":1958},"WHO Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth: A guide for midwives and doctors. Integrated Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth (IMPAC) Geneva: WHO, Department of Reproductive Health and Research 22, 2000.",{},{"id":18,"text":1960,"url":18,"identifiers":1961},"Effectiveness of Non-Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG) in Preventing Shock-related Morbidity and Mortality in Severe Hemorrhagic Shock. Crit Care Obst Gyne. 2017;3:3.",{},{"id":18,"text":1963,"url":18,"identifiers":1964},"Laine J. The non-pneumatic anti-shock garment, a first aid device in obstetrical emergencies; 2017.",{},{"id":18,"text":1966,"url":18,"identifiers":1967},"Pileggi-Castro C, Nogueira-Pileggi V, Tunçalp Ö, Oladapo OT, Vogel JP, Souza JP. Non-pneumatic anti-shock garment for improving maternal survival following severe postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review. Reprod Health. 2015;12(1):28.",{"doi":1968},"10.1186\u002Fs12978-015-0012-0",{"id":18,"text":1970,"url":18,"identifiers":1971},"Ohaeri BM. Assessment of utilization of non-pneumatic anti shock garment (NASG) in the control of post-partum hemorrhage among midwives in selected hospitals in Ondo-state, Nigeria. Int J Caring Sci. 2017;10(1):327.",{},{"id":18,"text":1973,"url":18,"identifiers":1974},"Onasoga OA, Duke E, Danide IU, Jack-Ide IO. Midwives’ knowledge and utilization of non pneumatic anti shock garment in reducing complication of postpartum hemorrhage is selected health care facilties in Bayelsa state Nigeria. IntJ Reproductive contraceptive Obstet Gynecol. 2015:977–81.",{"doi":1975},"10.18203\u002F2320-1770.ijrcog20150410",{"id":18,"text":1977,"url":18,"identifiers":1978},"Kolade OA, Tijjani WA, Oladeji MA, Ajibade LA. Midwives' knowledge and utilization of anti shock garment in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage shock at the university college hospital, Ibadan Nigeria. J Nurs Health Sci. 2014;3:9–16.",{},{"id":18,"text":1980,"url":18,"identifiers":1981},"Enuku Ca, Adeyemo Fo. Knowledge and use of anti-shock garment among midwives in central hospital, Benin City, Edo state. Lautech journal of Nursing. 2018:23.",{},{"id":18,"text":1983,"url":18,"identifiers":1984},"Kombo SA, Shehu SB, Farooq MA, Yunusa A. Knowledge and utilization of anti-shock garment in prevention of postpartum hemorrhagic shock in specialist hospital Sokoto, Sokoto State Nigeria. DUJOPAS. 2018;4(2):236–44.",{},{"id":18,"text":1986,"url":18,"identifiers":1987},"OGBEYE GB, OHAERI BM, OLATUBI MI. Midwives knowledge and attitude towards the use of anti-shock garment in the control of post partum hemorrhage in selected hospitals in Ondo state. Int J Health Sci Res. 2015;5(9):389–95.",{},{"id":1989,"createTime":1990,"updateTime":1991,"relativeEntities":1992,"slug":1993,"properties":1994,"entityType":190,"verifyStatus":191,"verifyTime":2004,"verifyNote":193,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":2005,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":2006,"publicationType":230,"publisherRelationship":2052,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":2108,"publishYear":1266,"citationAnalyzeStatus":1267,"lastCitationAnalyze":2109,"indexDatabases":2110,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":292},"198ea7a6-5157-4f7e-8100-ef81661287bd","2023-12-27T15:06:25.000+00:00","2026-05-06T15:19:15.914+00:00",[],"Designing-implementing-and-evaluating-an-educational-program-regarding-the-effects-of-second-hand-smoke-in-pregnancy-on-the-knowledge-attitude-and-performance-of-male-smokers",{"abstract":1995,"title":1997,"gsPaper":1999,"references":2000,"doi":2002},{"EN":1996},"Contact with second-hand cigarette smoke includes inhalation of cigarette smoke caused by the burning of the cigarette itself and inhalation of smoke exhaled by the smoker. Wife's pregnancy can be a motivating factor to change the behavior of men who smoke. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of designing, implementing and evaluating an educational program regarding the effects of second-hand smoke in pregnancy on the knowledge, attitude and performance of male smokers. The present study is an interventional type of pre-test and post-test. In this phase, sampling from health centers in Isfahan was done randomly between March and July 2019, the participants were 140 smoking spouses of pregnant women, who visited health centers to receive pregnancy care, and were divided into two intervention groups and control were divided. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on men's awareness, attitude and performance regarding second-hand smoke. All data were analyzed with SPSS18 software and Chi-score, Fisher, t-test. The average age of the participants was 34 years. There was no significant difference between the comparison of demographic variables in the intervention and control groups (p > 0.05). The results of the paired t-test for comparing before and after the training showed that the average score of the emotional dimension of attitude in the two groups of intervention (p \u003C 0.001) and control (p \u003C 0.001), awareness (p \u003C 0.001) and behavior (p \u003C 0.001) was significantly increased in the intervention group after the training, and according to the independent t-test, the average score of the items mentioned after the training in the intervention group was higher than the control group (p \u003C 0.05). Regarding perceived sensitivity (p = 0.066) and perceived severity (p = 0.065), no significant difference was observed. The awareness, emotional aspect of men's attitude and behavior regarding secondhand smoke increased, but the perceived sensitivity and severity in this regard was not significant despite the increase, so the current training package is effective in training, but considering more training sessions It is necessary with more concrete training with model or training videos in order to improve the sensitivity and perceived intensity of men. Trial registration: Registration of this randomized control trial has been completed with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20180722040555N1.",{"EN":1998},"Designing, implementing and evaluating an educational program regarding the effects of second-hand smoke in pregnancy on the knowledge, attitude and performance of male smokers",{"VOID":1050},{"VOID":2001},"WHO. Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Facts. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Ftobacco\u002Fdata_statistics\u002Ffact_sheets\u002Fsecondhand_smoke\u002Fgeneral_facts\u002F 2013.\nWHO. Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI) Second-hand tobacco smoke. Secondary Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI) Second-hand tobacco smoke. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Ftobacco\u002Fresearch\u002Fsecondhand_smoke\u002Fen\u002F 2015.\nWHO. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fquantifying_ehimpacts\u002Fpublications\u002Fshsarticle2010\u002Fen\u002F. 2011.\nSarraf-Zadegan N, Boshtam M, Shahrokhi S, Naderi GA, Asgary S, Shahparian M, et al. Tobacco use among Iranian men, women and adolescents. Eur J Pub Health. 2004;14(1):76–8.\nMazloomyMahmoodabad SS, Karimiankakolaki Z, Kazemi A, Mohammadi NK, Fallahzadeh H. Exposure to secondhand smoke in Iranian pregnant women at home and the related factors. Tobacco Prevent Cessation. 2019;5(7):1–9.\nAlemán A, Morello P, Colomar M, Llambi L, Berrueta M, Gibbons L, et al. Brief counseling on secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women in Argentina and Uruguay. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;14(1):28.\nAlghamdi AS, Jokhadar HF, Alghamdi IM, Abdullah S, Alsohibani OJA, Wahabi HA. Socioeconomic determinants of exposure to secondhand smoke among pregnant women. Int J Womens Health Reprod Sci. 2016;4(2):59–63.\nChi Y-C, Sha F, Yip PS, Chen J-L, Chen Y-Y. Randomized comparison of group versus individual educational interventions for pregnant women to reduce their secondhand smoke exposure. Medicine. 2016;95(40):1–7.\nGoel P, Radotra A, Singh I, Aggarwal A, Dua D. Effects of passive smoking on outcome in pregnancy. J Postgrad Med. 2004;50(1):12.\nMojibyan M, Karimi M, Bidaki R, Rafiee P, Zare A. Exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy and preterm delivery. Int J High Risk behav Addict. 2013;1(4):149.\nAmasha HA, Jaradeh MS. Effect of active and passive smoking during pregnancy on its outcomes. Health Sci J. 2014;6(2):335–52.\nWHO. World Health Organization. Gender, Health, Tobacco and Equity. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Ftobacco\u002Fpublications\u002Fgender\u002Fgender_tobacco_2010.pdf. 2011.\nKazemi A, Ramezanzadeh F, NasrEsfahani MH, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Nejat S, Rahimi-Foroshani A. Impact of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in women on oxidative stress in the antral follicle and assisted reproduction outcomes. J Res Med Sci. 2013;18(8):688.\nTaylor AE, Smith GD, Bares CB, Edwards AC, Munafò MR. Partner smoking and maternal cotinine during pregnancy: implications for negative control methods. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;139:159–63.\nMazloomyMahmoodabad SS, Karimiankakolaki Z, Kazemi A, Fallahzadeh H. Self-efficacy and perceived barriers of pregnant women regarding exposure to second-hand smoke at home. J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:1–6.\nWHO. WHO recommendations for the prevention and management of tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in pregnancy. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Ftobacco\u002Fpublications\u002Fpregnancy\u002Fguidelinestobaccosmokeexposure\u002Fen\u002Findex.html. 2013.\nStanton WR, Lowe JB, Moffatt J, Del Mar CB. Randomised control trial of a smoking cessation intervention directed at men whose partners are pregnant. Prev Med. 2004;38(1):6–9.\nSahebi Z, Kazemi A, Loripoor PM. The relationship between husbands’ health belief and environment tobacco smoke exposure among their pregnant wife. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30(7):830–3.\nSimbar M, Nahidi F, Ramezankhani A. Fathers’ educational needs about perinatal care: a qualitative approach. Hakim Res J. 2009;12(2):19–31.\nKarimiankakolaki Z, MazloomyMahmoodabad SS, Kazemi A, Fallahzadeh H. Designing an educational intervention on second-hand smoke in smoker men on the exposure of pregnant wives: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Health. 2019;16(11):1–5.\nMutalib RNSA, Abd Rani NL, Zulkifli A, Abd Latif NH, Dobson R, Ibrahim TAE, et al. Knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors related to secondhand smoke and smoking in the home: a qualitative study with men in Malaysia. Nicotine Tob Res. 2023;25(4):821.\nNisar N, Qadri MH, Fatima K, Perveen S, Nisar N, Qadri M, et al. A community based study about knowledge and practices regarding tobacco consumption and passive smoking in Gadap Town, Karachi. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc. 2007;57(4):186.\nMa S, Wang J, Mei C, Xu X, Yang G. Passive smoking in China: contributing factors and areas for future interventions. Biomed Environ Sci. 2007;20(5):420.\nNichter M, Padmajam S, Nichter M, Sairu P, Aswathy S, Mini G, et al. Developing a smoke free homes initiative in Kerala, India. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):480.\nWakefield M, Reid Y, Roberts L, Mullins R, Gillies P. Smoking and smoking cessation among men whose partners are pregnant: a qualitative study. Soc Sci Med. 1998;47(5):657–64.\nCosci F, Zagà V, Bertoli G, Campiotti A. Significant others, knowledge, and belief on smoking as factors associated with tobacco use in Italian adolescents. ISRN Addict. 2012;2013:1–7.\nDrehmer JE, Ossip DJ, Rigotti NA, Nabi-Burza E, Woo H, Wasserman RC, et al. Pediatrician interventions and thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents. Am J Prev Med. 2012;43(5):533–6.\nTuran JM, Nalbant H, Bulut A, Sahip Y. Including expectant fathers in antenatal education programmes in Istanbul, Turkey. Reprod Health Matters. 2001;9(18):114–25.\nTuran JM, Say L. Community-based antenatal education in· Istanbul, Turkey: effects on health behaviours. Health Policy Plan. 2003;18(4):391–8.\nEvans KA, Sims M, Judge K, Gilmore A. Assessing the knowledge of the potential harm to others caused by second-hand smoke and its impact on protective behaviours at home. J Public Health. 2012;34(2):183–94.\nLee J-y, Ahn H, Lee H. Factors affecting secondhand smoke avoidance behavior of Vietnamese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(8):1632.\nNuzooa M. A quantitative study on the knowledge and behaviour of university students towards secondhand smoke. Mauritius: University of Mauritius; 2015. https:\u002F\u002Flibrary.uom.ac.mu\u002Flibero\u002FWebOpac.cls?VERSION=2&ACTION=DISPLAY&RSN=10197552&DATA=UOM&TOKEN=qsLZEqxLaV9179&Z=1&SET=1. 2020.\nAl Zabadi H, Tarayra A, Ghnima R, Jarar A, Khdor H, Kdarat T. Exposure evaluation of environmental tobacco smoke: gender and socioeconomic disparities in a low income Country-Palestine. Health Sci J. 2016;10(6):1.\nGharaibeh H, Haddad L, Alzyoud S, El-Shahawy O, Baker NA, Umlauf M. Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in avoiding secondhand smoke exposure among non-smoking employed women with higher education in Jordan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8(11):4207–19.\nSahebi Z, Kazemi A, Loripour M, Shams N. An educational intervention to men for reducing environmental tobacco smoke exposure in their pregnant wives. J Matern Fetal Neonat Med. 2017;32:1–7.\nPoorolajal J, Mohammadi Y, Mahmoodi A. Challenges of tobacco control program in Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2017;20(4):1–10.\nHarris JK, Cohen EL, Wyrwich KW, Luke DA. Differences in smokers and nonsmokers’ assessments of an educational campaign about tobacco use. Health Educ Behav. 2011;38(6):574–83.\nMaung HN, Aung KT, Maung TM, Phyo AP, Pwint KH, Aye MM, et al. Prevalence of knowledge and attitude about secondhand smoke among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Central Women’s hospital in Myanmar. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học. 2022;161(12E11):125–34.\nKhazaee-Pool M, Zarei F, Pashaei T, Shojaeizadeh D. The effect of an educational intervention based on health belief model on improving smoking preventive behaviors among students. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2017;4(4):300–8.\nZhang X, Martinez-Donate A, Rhoads N. Parental practices and attitudes related to smoke-free rules in homes, cars, and outdoor playgrounds in US households with underage children and smokers, 2010–2011. Prevent Chronic Dis. 2015;12:E96-E.\nCarter MW, Speizer I. Salvadoran fathers’ attendance at prenatal care, delivery, and postpartum care. Rev Panam Salud Publ. 2005;18:149–56.\nChi Y-C, Wu C-L, Chen C-Y, Lyu S-Y, Lo F-E, Morisky DE. Randomized trial of a secondhand smoke exposure reduction intervention among hospital-based pregnant women. Addict Behav. 2015;41(15):117–23.\nSun MC, Frédéric JD. Knowledge of secondhand smoke and behaviour towards its exposure among teachers in Mauritius. Tobacco Prevent Cessation. 2020;6.\nRichardson CG, Schwartz J, Struik LL, Bottorff JL. Adapting the stage of change model to investigate adolescent behavior related to reducing second hand smoke exposure. OJPM. 2013;3:160–4.\nSchwartz J, Graham RB, Richardson CG, Okoli CT, Struik LL, Bottorff JL. 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