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Based on a western boundary SL theory and a linear least-squares regression, we obtain a polynomial equation to estimate the coastal SL variations from ocean interior information, atmospheric forcing, as well as local steric effects. The estimated results can explain about 91% (93%) of the SL variations at tide gauges south (north) of the Kuroshio extension jet. It is found that the local thermosteric effect is dominant on seasonal time scales. On interannual time scales, the signals from ocean interior and atmospheric forcing are dominant. For decadal SL trends, the coastal SL rise is mainly resulted from the signals from the open ocean. With the same polynomial equation, the SL variations at 6 new tide gauges were estimated and compared to the nearest satellite measurements. The newly estimated SL is generally in much better agreement with the tide gauge data than the satellite data. It is promising to apply the newly derived polynomial equation to estimate SL variations along the western boundary of the North Pacific where tide gauge data are not available. Particularly, the approach is promising to estimate the future SL change given the required oceanic and atmospheric conditions.",{"EN":128},"Understanding and reconstructing the coastal sea level variations along the western boundary of the North Pacific",{"VOID":130},"[\"5298549924529388715\"]",{"VOID":132},"10.1186\u002Fs40562-020-00153-9","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","2024-05-06T07:38:22.343+00:00","Auto 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D, Nicholls RJ, Tol RSJ, Vafeidis AT (2006) Global and regional exposure to large rises in sea-level: a sensitivity analysis (Tyndell Centre for Climate Change Research working papers, 96) Norwich, UK. Tyndell Centre for Climate Change Research, 31 pp",{},{"id":237,"text":238,"url":239,"identifiers":240},"4c68646b-0035-4279-8000-0006b275d4fa","Church JA, Gregory JM, Huybrechts P, Kuhn M, Lam-beck K, Nhuan MT, Qin D, Woodworth PL (2001) Changes in sea level. In: Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Noguer M, Van Der Linden PJ, Dai X, Maskell K, Johnson CA (eds) Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 639–693","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":241},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":243,"text":244,"url":245,"identifiers":246},"9848d58d-014e-48bf-a4ea-50c76f997fc9","Cipollini F, Oneto L, Coraddu A, Murphy A, Anguita D (2018) Condition-based maintenance of naval propulsion systems with supervised data analysis. Ocean Eng 149:268–278. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.oceaneng.2017.12.002","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0029801817307242",{"doi":247},"10.1016\u002Fj.oceaneng.2017.12.002",{"id":249,"text":250,"url":251,"identifiers":252},"097a9ddc-56dd-4add-8475-f102a0146b3b","Cui M, Storch HV, Zorita E (1995) Coastal sea level and the large-scale climate state A downscaling exercise for the Japanese Islands. Tellus A 47(1):13. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3402\u002Ftellusa.v47i1.11498","https:\u002F\u002Fa.tellusjournals.se\u002Farticle\u002F10.3402\u002Ftellusa.v47i1.11498\u002F",{"doi":253},"10.3402\u002Ftellusa.v47i1.11498",{"id":255,"text":256,"url":257,"identifiers":258},"ef529498-e9a4-4979-bbc4-1ed910fe1878","Douglas BC (1992) Global sea level acceleration. J Geophys Res 97(C8):12699–12706. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F92JC01133","https:\u002F\u002Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1029\u002F92JC01133",{"doi":259},"10.1029\u002F92jc01133",{"id":261,"text":262,"url":263,"identifiers":264},"d6bdbd04-571d-4696-a860-b4763e01fb66","Ezer T (2019) Analysis of the changing patterns of seasonal flooding along the U.S. East Coast. Ocean Dyn. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10236-019-01326-7","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10236-019-01326-7",{"doi":265},"10.1007\u002Fs10236-019-01326-7",{"id":18,"text":267,"url":268,"identifiers":269},"Godfrey JS (1975) On ocean spindown I: a linear experiment. J Phys Oceanogr 5:399–409. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1175\u002F1520-0485(1975)005%3c0399:OOSIAL%3e2.0.CO;2","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1175\u002F1520-0485(1975)005\u003C0399:oosial>2.0.co;2",{"mag":270,"openalex":271,"doi":272},"1965634277","W1965634277","10.1175\u002F1520-0485(1975)005",{"id":274,"text":275,"url":276,"identifiers":277},"6565c414-2c84-47dd-95aa-73d0b194e154","Ishii M, Kimoto M, Sakamoto K, Sin-Iti Iwasaki (2006) Steric sea level changes estimated from historical ocean subsurface temperature and salinity analyses. J Oceanogr 62:155–170. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10872-006-0041-y","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10872-006-0041-y",{"doi":278},"10.1007\u002Fs10872-006-0041-y",{"id":18,"text":280,"url":281,"identifiers":282},"Minobe S, Terada M, Qiu B, Schneider N (2017) Western boundary sea level: a theory, rule of thumb, and application to climate models. J Phys Oceanogr 47:957–977. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1175\u002FJPO-D-16-0144.1","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1175\u002Fjpo-d-16-0144.1",{"mag":283,"openalex":284,"doi":285},"2591753705","W2591753705","10.1175\u002Fjpo-d-16-0144.1",{"id":18,"text":287,"url":288,"identifiers":289},"Peltier WR (2001) Chapter 4 Global glacial isostatic adjustment and modern instrumental records of relative sea level history. In: International geophysics, vol 75, pp 65–95. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0074-6142(01)80007-3","https:\u002F\u002Feurekamag.com\u002Fresearch\u002F019\u002F087\u002F019087794.php",{"mag":290,"openalex":291,"doi":292},"3202047096","W3202047096","10.1016\u002Fs0074-6142(01)80007-3",{"id":18,"text":294,"url":295,"identifiers":296},"Qiu B, Chen S, Wu L, Kida S (2015) Wind- versus Eddy-forced regional sea level trends and variability in the North Pacific Ocean. J Clim 28:1561–1577. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1175\u002FJCLI-D-14-00479.1","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1175\u002Fjcli-d-14-00479.1",{"mag":297,"openalex":298,"doi":299},"1975902079","W1975902079","10.1175\u002Fjcli-d-14-00479.1",{"id":301,"text":302,"url":303,"identifiers":304},"e9f33dfe-20f8-44a8-99cf-2ef910b3f601","Sasaki YN, Minobe S, Miura Y (2014) Decadal sea-level variability along the coast of Japan in response to ocean circulation changes. J Geophys Res Oceans 119:266–275. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002F2013JC009327","https:\u002F\u002Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1002\u002F2013JC009327",{"doi":305},"10.1002\u002F2013jc009327",{"id":18,"text":307,"url":308,"identifiers":309},"Wang Z, Li J, Chao D, Hu J (2003) Sea level changes detected by using satellite altimeter data and comparing with tide gauge records in China Sea. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-3-642-18861-9_33","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-3-642-18861-9_33",{"mag":310,"openalex":311,"doi":312},"208995205","W208995205","10.1007\u002F978-3-642-18861-9_33",{"id":314,"text":315,"url":316,"identifiers":317},"b91f4343-3287-4514-a990-09ee4b01d321","Wang H, Liu K, Qi D et al (2016) Causes of seasonal sea level anomalies in the coastal region of the East China Sea. Acta Oceanol Sin 35:21–29. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs13131-016-0825-x","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs13131-016-0825-x",{"doi":318},"10.1007\u002Fs13131-016-0825-x",{"id":18,"text":320,"url":18,"identifiers":321},"Woodworth PL, Player R (2003) The permanent service for mean sea level: an update to the 21st century. J Coast Res 19:287–295",{},{"id":323,"text":324,"url":325,"identifiers":326},"aa2e102b-9302-4ec5-b3b1-c260cc7822bd","Yasuda T, Sakurai K (2006) Interdecadal variability of the sea surface height around Japan. Geophys Res Lett. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2005GL024920","https:\u002F\u002Fagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1029\u002F2005GL024920",{"doi":327},"10.1029\u002F2005gl024920",{"id":329,"text":330,"url":331,"identifiers":332},"033a3281-a593-4d54-90bb-6b9a80e0e0ce","Zhang Z, Ichikawa K (2005) Influence of the Kuroshio fluctuations on sea level variations along the south coast of Japan. J Oceanogr 61:979–985. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10872-006-0014-1","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10872-006-0014-1",{"doi":333},"10.1007\u002Fs10872-006-0014-1",false,{"id":336,"createTime":337,"updateTime":338,"relativeEntities":339,"slug":340,"properties":341,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":338,"verifyNote":136,"languages":350,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":352,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":353,"publicationType":178,"publisherRelationship":492,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":534,"publishDate":18,"publishYear":18,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":536,"openAccess":18,"references":537,"isForceReanalyzing":334},"0ad862f6-1539-4ce5-b518-dc754de4636e","2024-04-15T05:24:45.147+00:00","2025-02-26T18:07:52.982+00:00",[],"Near-surface-atmospheric-electric-field-changes-through-magnetic-clouds-via-coronal-mass-ejections",{"openalex":342,"abstract":344,"title":346,"doi":348},{"VOID":343},"W4387228426",{"EN":345},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The Earth’s electrical environment is influenced by both external and internal driving factors. Internal driving factors include the global charging current produced by lightning storms, global aerosol concentrations and cloud coverage. External factors are caused by various space weather phenomena, including changes in the Sun’s magnetic field, solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and ionization changes from high-energy particles from the Sun and galactic cosmic rays. This study focuses on the cosmic ray intensity changes observed at the OULU Station and the vertical atmospheric electric field changes observed at the Azores and Studenec stations during a solar activity event in September 2017. The results indicate that the atmospheric electric field at the two stations (Azores and Studenec) simultaneously decreased by 80% and 120% of the mean atmospheric electric field value, respectively, during the same time as the significant decrease in cosmic ray intensity. The linear correlation coefficient between the decreased atmospheric electric field measured at these two stations was 0.60, indicating a global effect from the shocks and magnetic clouds associated with coronal mass ejections on atmospheric electricity. Finally, this study describes shock waves and magnetic clouds that impede the propagation of galactic cosmic rays, resulting in a decrease in ionospheric potential and atmospheric electric field.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":347},"Near-surface atmospheric electric field changes through magnetic clouds via coronal mass 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China Water & Power Press, Beijing, China.\nHou XJ et al (2020) Anthropogenic transformation of Yangtze Plain freshwater lakes: patterns, drivers and impacts. Remote Sens Environ 248:111998\nInformation Center of Ministry of Water Resources (ICMWR), Hydrology Bureau of Yangtze River Water Resources Commission (HBYRWRC) (2019). Rainstorm and flood of the Yangtze River in 2016. China Water & Power Press, Beijing, China.\nJiang SJ et al (2018) A computer vision-based approach to fusing spatiotemporal data for hydrological modeling. J Hydrol 567:25–40\nLiu SN et al (2020) Socioeconomic drought under growing population and changing climate: a new index considering the resilience of a regional water resources system. J Geophys Res Atmos 125(15):e2020JD033005\nNguyen TT et al (2019) Implementation of a specific urban water management-Sponge City. Sci Total Environ 652:147–162\nReynard NS et al (2017) The evolution of climate change guidance for fluvial flood risk management in England. 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Lakshmi",{"id":753,"sortIndex":92,"researcher":18,"roles":754,"affiliations":755,"properties":769,"displayName":771,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"337d9ab6-4464-493f-9f0e-af124ca2df3d",[142],[756,762],{"id":660,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":757,"properties":18},{"id":660,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":758,"slug":18,"properties":759,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":761,"statistic":18},[],{"title":760},{"VI":665},[],{"id":668,"sortIndex":81,"affiliation":763,"properties":768},{"id":668,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":764,"slug":18,"properties":765,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":767,"statistic":18},[],{"title":766},{"VI":673},[],{},{"title":770},{"VI":771},"Haiyun Shi",{"url":653,"publisher":773,"properties":814},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":774,"slug":10,"properties":775,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":778,"manageAffiliations":783,"indexDatabases":794,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":809,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"title":776,"eissn":777},{"EN":13},{"VOID":15},[779],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":780,"label":781,"description":782,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[784,789],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":785,"slug":18,"properties":786,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":788,"statistic":18},[],{"title":787},{"EN":33},[],{"id":36,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":790,"slug":18,"properties":791,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":793,"statistic":18},[],{"title":792},{"EN":40},[],[795,802],{"id":44,"indexDatabase":796,"url":57,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":801,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":46,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":797,"label":798,"description":799,"key":53,"publicationTags":800,"standard":18},[],{"EN":49,"VI":49},{"EN":51,"VI":52},[55,56],[59,60],{"id":62,"indexDatabase":803,"url":73,"indexYears":74,"academicFieldIds":808,"indexDatabaseRanking":77},{"id":64,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":804,"label":805,"description":806,"key":70,"publicationTags":807,"standard":18},[],{"EN":67,"VI":67},{"EN":67,"VI":69},[72],[76],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":810,"i10Index":88,"i10IndexLast5Year":89,"totalPublication":90,"totalPublicationByYear":811,"totalCitation":95,"totalCitationByYear":812,"totalCitationPerPublication":104,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":813,"hindexLast5Year":113,"hindex":113},{"2016":80,"2017":81,"2018":82,"2019":83,"2020":84,"2021":85,"2022":86,"2023":87},{"2015":80,"2016":92,"2017":93,"2018":86,"2019":92,"2020":94,"2021":81,"2022":92},{"2015":97,"2016":98,"2017":99,"2018":100,"2019":100,"2020":101,"2021":102,"2022":103},{"2015":106,"2016":107,"2017":108,"2018":109,"2019":110,"2020":111,"2021":102,"2022":112},{"pages":815,"volume":817},{"VOID":816},"1-3",{"VOID":818},"8","2021-10-21",2021,[55,77],{"id":823,"createTime":824,"updateTime":825,"relativeEntities":826,"slug":827,"properties":828,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":825,"verifyNote":136,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":837,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":838,"publicationType":178,"publisherRelationship":884,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":930,"publishYear":820,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":931,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":334},"a5641845-4e04-4c37-b4ec-2e9d3386f709","2024-01-04T12:22:34.904+00:00","2025-02-26T10:44:53.880+00:00",[],"Role-of-the-eastern-boundary-generated-waves-on-the-termination-of-1997-Indian-Ocean-Dipole-event",{"abstract":829,"title":831,"references":833,"doi":835},{"EN":830},"The termination of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events is examined in terms of equatorial wave dynamics. In situ and satellite observations combined with an output from a linear wave model are used in this study. Our emphasis is on the 1997 IOD event but our results apply to other positive IOD events as well. We find that the termination of anomalously cold sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern pole of the dipole is associated with a warming tendency caused by the net surface heat fluxes. However, net surface heat fluxes alone cannot explain the total change in the SST. We show that during the peak phase of an IOD event, the weakening of zonal heat advection caused by eastern boundary-generated Rossby waves combined with the reduction of vertical entrainment and diffusion creates favorable conditions for surface heat fluxes to warm the SST in the eastern basin.",{"EN":832},"Role of the eastern boundary-generated waves on the termination of 1997 Indian Ocean Dipole event",{"VOID":834},"Ashok K, Guan Z, Yamagata T (2003) Influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole on the Australian winter rainfall. Geophys Res Lett 30(15):1821. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2003GL017926\nBonjean F, Lagerloef GSE (2002) Diagnostic model and analysis of the surface currents in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J Phys Oceanogr 32:2938–2954\nChambers DP, Tapley BD, Stewart RH (1999) Amomalous warming in the Indian Ocean coincident with El Niño. J Geophys Res 104:3035–3047. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F1998JC900085\nChen W, Han Y, Li DW (2016) Interannual variability of equatorial eastern Indian Ocean upwelling: local versus remote forcing. J Phys Oceanogr 46:789–807. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1175\u002FJPO-D-15-0117.1\nDee DP, Uppala SM, Simmons AJ et al (2011) The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q J R Meteorol Soc 137:553–597\nDu Y, Qu T, Meyers G (2008) Interannual variability of sea surface temperature off Java and Sumatra in a global GCM. J Climate 21:2451–2465. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1175\u002F2007JCLI1753.1\nFeng M, Meyers G (2003) Interannual variability in the tropical Indian Ocean: a two-year time-scale of Indian Ocean Dipole. Deep-Sea Res 50:2263–2284\nHorii T, Hase H, Ueki I, Masumoto Y (2008) Oceanic precondition and evolution of the 2006 Indian Ocean Dipole. Geophys Res Lett 35:L03607. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2007GL032464\nHorii T, Ueki I, Ando K, Mizuno K (2013) Eastern Indian Ocean warming associated with the negative Indian Ocean dipole: a case study of the 2010 event. J Geophys Res Oceans 118:536–549. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjgrc.20071\nKumar BP, Vialard J, Lengaigne M, Murty VSN, McPhaden MJ (2011) TropFlux: air-sea fluxes for the global tropical oceans–description and evaluation against observations. Clim Dyn. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00382-011-1115-0\nLee T, Fukumori I, Tang B (2004) Temperature advection: internal versus external processes. J Phys, Oceanogr 34:1936–1944\nLi T, Zhang Y, Lu E, Wang D (2002) Relative role of dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the development of the Indian Ocean dipole: an OGCM diagnosis. Geophys Res Lett 29(23):2110. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2002GL05789\nMcPhaden MJ (1982) Variability in the central equatorial Indian Ocean, part II: oceanic heat and turbulent energy balance. J Mar Res 40:403–419\nMcPhaden MJ, Nagura M (2014) Indian Ocean dipole interpreted in terms of recharge oscillator theory. Clim Dyn 42(5–6):1569–1586\nMeyers GA, McIntosh PC, Pigot L, Pook MJ (2007) The year of El Niño, La Niña, and interactions with the tropical Indian Ocean. J Clim 20:2872–2880\nMurtugudde R, McCreary JP, Busalacchi AJ (2000) Oceanic processes associated with anomalous events in the Indian Ocean with relevance to 1997–98. J Geophys Res 105(C2):3295–3306\nNagura M, McPhaden MJ (2010a) The dynamics of zonal current variations associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole. J Geophys Res 115:C11026. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2010JC006423\nNagura M, McPhaden MJ (2010b) Wyrtki jet dynamics: seasonal variability. J Geophys Res 115:C07009. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2009JC005922\nNagura M, McPhaden MJ (2012) The dynamics of wind-driven intraseasonal variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean. J Geophys Res 115:C07009. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2011JC007405\nPicaut J, Masia F, du Penhoat Y (1997) An advective-reflective conceptual model for the oscillatory nature of the ENSO. Science 277:663–666\nRao SA, Yamagata T (2004) Abrupt termination of Indian Ocean dipole events in response to instraseasonal oscillations. Geophys Res Lett 31:L19306. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2004GL020842\nRao SA, Behera SK, Masumoto Y, Yamagata T (2002) Interannual subsurface variability in the tropical Indian Ocean with a special emphasis on the Indian Ocean dipole. Deep Sea Res 49:1549–1572\nReynolds RW, Rayner NA, Smith TM, Stokes DC, Wang WQ (2002) An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J Climate 15:1609–1625\nSaji NH, Yamagata T (2003) Possible impacts of Indian Ocean Dipole mode events on global climate. Clim Res 25:151–169\nSaji NH, Goswami BN, Vinayachandran PN, Yamagata T (1999) A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean. Nature 410:360–363\nTokinaga H, Tanimoto Y (2004) Seasonal transition of SST anomalies in the tropical Indian ocean during El Nino and Indian Ocean dipole years. J Meteor Soc Japan 82:1007–1018\nVialard J, Foltz GR, McPhaden MJ, Duvel JP, de Boyer Montégut C (2008) Strong Indian Ocean sea surface temperature signals associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation in late 2007 and early 2008. Geophys Res Lett 35:L19608. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2008GL035238\nVinayachandran PN, Saji NH, Yamagata T (1999) Response of the equatorial Indian Ocean to an unusual wind event during 1994. Geophys Res Lett 26:1613–1616. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F1999GL900179\nWang W, McPhaden MJ (1999) The surface layer heat balance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Part I: mean seasonal cycle. J Phys Oceanogr 29:1812–1831\nWebster PJ, Moore AW, Loschnigg JP, Leben RR (1999) Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997–98. Nature 401:356–360\nYamagata T, Behera SK, Luo J-J, Masson S, Jury M, Rao SA (2004) Copled ocean-atmosphere variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. Earth Clim Ocean Atmos Interact Geophys Monogr 147:189–212\nYuan D, Liu H (2009) Long-wave dynamics of sea level variations during Indian Ocean Dipole events. J Phys Oceanogr 39:1115–1132",{"VOID":836},"10.1186\u002Fs40562-021-00205-8","https:\u002F\u002Fgeoscienceletters.springeropen.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40562-021-00205-8",[839,854,869],{"id":840,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":841,"affiliations":842,"properties":851,"displayName":853,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"b2c83129-b025-480f-8d7b-4c587822885d",[142],[843],{"id":844,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":845,"properties":18},"e91a9a23-5d58-441c-a22f-5e2cab145f18",{"id":844,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":846,"slug":18,"properties":847,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":850,"statistic":18},[],{"title":848},{"VI":849},"Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Indonesia",[],{"title":852},{"VI":853},"Iskhaq Iskandar",{"id":855,"sortIndex":81,"researcher":18,"roles":856,"affiliations":857,"properties":866,"displayName":868,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"50e7f845-f332-4850-824c-4d6c75ed611d",[142],[858],{"id":859,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":860,"properties":18},"cc80b33d-e107-4b93-871a-4098dea34c53",{"id":859,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":861,"slug":18,"properties":862,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":865,"statistic":18},[],{"title":863},{"VI":864},"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan",[],{"title":867},{"VI":868},"Motoki Nagura",{"id":870,"sortIndex":80,"researcher":18,"roles":871,"affiliations":872,"properties":881,"displayName":883,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"85f84df7-aaae-4609-911b-a2380f3c5009",[142],[873],{"id":874,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":875,"properties":18},"5ffdd044-0b0a-408b-9188-956e98947983",{"id":874,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":876,"slug":18,"properties":877,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":880,"statistic":18},[],{"title":878},{"VI":879},"Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory\u002FNOAA, Seattle, USA",[],{"title":882},{"VI":883},"Michael J. McPhaden",{"url":837,"publisher":885,"properties":926},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":886,"slug":10,"properties":887,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":890,"manageAffiliations":895,"indexDatabases":906,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":921,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"title":888,"eissn":889},{"EN":13},{"VOID":15},[891],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":892,"label":893,"description":894,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[896,901],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":897,"slug":18,"properties":898,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":900,"statistic":18},[],{"title":899},{"EN":33},[],{"id":36,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":902,"slug":18,"properties":903,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":905,"statistic":18},[],{"title":904},{"EN":40},[],[907,914],{"id":44,"indexDatabase":908,"url":57,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":913,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":46,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":909,"label":910,"description":911,"key":53,"publicationTags":912,"standard":18},[],{"EN":49,"VI":49},{"EN":51,"VI":52},[55,56],[59,60],{"id":62,"indexDatabase":915,"url":73,"indexYears":74,"academicFieldIds":920,"indexDatabaseRanking":77},{"id":64,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":916,"label":917,"description":918,"key":70,"publicationTags":919,"standard":18},[],{"EN":67,"VI":67},{"EN":67,"VI":69},[72],[76],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":922,"i10Index":88,"i10IndexLast5Year":89,"totalPublication":90,"totalPublicationByYear":923,"totalCitation":95,"totalCitationByYear":924,"totalCitationPerPublication":104,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":925,"hindexLast5Year":113,"hindex":113},{"2016":80,"2017":81,"2018":82,"2019":83,"2020":84,"2021":85,"2022":86,"2023":87},{"2015":80,"2016":92,"2017":93,"2018":86,"2019":92,"2020":94,"2021":81,"2022":92},{"2015":97,"2016":98,"2017":99,"2018":100,"2019":100,"2020":101,"2021":102,"2022":103},{"2015":106,"2016":107,"2017":108,"2018":109,"2019":110,"2020":111,"2021":102,"2022":112},{"pages":927,"volume":929},{"VOID":928},"1-7",{"VOID":818},"2021-11-26",[55,77],{"id":933,"createTime":934,"updateTime":935,"relativeEntities":936,"slug":937,"properties":938,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":935,"verifyNote":136,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":947,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":948,"publicationType":178,"publisherRelationship":1031,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":1078,"publishYear":1079,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":1080,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":334},"e0d37e40-b589-44d7-b4f4-0b0c6a4fa7bf","2024-01-04T23:39:27.333+00:00","2025-02-26T08:57:09.251+00:00",[],"Evaluation-of-the-landslide-susceptibility-and-its-spatial-difference-in-the-whole-Qinghai-Tibetan-Plateau-region-by-five-learning-algorithms",{"abstract":939,"title":941,"references":943,"doi":945},{"EN":940},"Landslides are considered as major natural hazards that cause enormous property damages and fatalities in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In this article, we evaluated the landslide susceptibility, and its spatial differencing in the whole Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region using five state-of-the-art learning algorithms; deep neural network (DNN), logistic regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM), differing from previous studies only in local areas of QTP. The 671 landslide events were considered, and thirteen landslide conditioning factors (LCFs) were derived for database generation, including annual rainfall, distance to drainage \n                \n                  \n                \n                $${(\\mathrm{Ds}}_{\\mathrm{d}})$$\n                \n              , distance to faults \n                \n                  \n                \n                $${(\\mathrm{Ds}}_{\\mathrm{f}})$$\n                \n              , drainage density (\n                \n                  \n                \n                $${D}_{d})$$\n                \n              , elevation (Elev), fault density \n                \n                  \n                \n                $$({F}_{d})$$\n                \n              , lithology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), plan curvature \n                \n                  \n                \n                $${(\\mathrm{Pl}}_{\\mathrm{c}})$$\n                \n              , profile curvature \n                \n                  \n                \n                $${(\\mathrm{Pr}}_{\\mathrm{c}})$$\n                \n              , slope \n                \n                  \n                \n                $${(S}^{^\\circ })$$\n                \n              , stream power index (SPI), and topographic wetness index (TWI). The multi-collinearity analysis and mean decrease Gini (MDG) were used to assess the suitability and predictability of these factors. Consequently, five landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) maps were generated and validated using accuracy, area under the receiver operatic characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity. The MDG results demonstrated that the rainfall, elevation, and lithology were the most significant landslide conditioning factors ruling the occurrence of landslides in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The LSP maps depicted that the north-northwestern and south-southeastern regions (\u003C 32% of total area) were at a higher risk to landslide compared to the center, west, and northwest of the area (> 45% of total area). Moreover, among the five models with a high goodness-of-fit, RF model was highlighted as the superior one, by which higher accuracy of landslide susceptibility assessment and better prone areas management in QTP can be achieved compared to previous results. \n                  \n                    \n                      \n                    \n                  \n                ",{"EN":942},"Evaluation of the landslide susceptibility and its spatial difference in the whole Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region by five learning algorithms",{"VOID":944},"Abbas MA (2018) Improving deep learning performance using random forest HTM cortical learning algorithm. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002FIWDRL.2018.8358209\nAbbaszadeh Shahri A, Spross J, Johansson F, Larsson S (2019) Landslide susceptibility hazard map in southwest Sweden using artificial neural network. CATENA 183:104225. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.catena.2019.104225\nAchour Y, Pourghasemi HR (2020) How do machine learning techniques help in increasing accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps? Geosci Front 11:871–883. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.gsf.2019.10.001\nAghdam IN, Pradhan B, Panahi M (2017) Landslide susceptibility assessment using a novel hybrid model of statistical bivariate methods (FR and WOE) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) at southern Zagros Mountains in Iran. Environ Earth Sci. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12665-017-6558-0\nAiken SJ, Brierley GJ (2013) Analysis of longitudinal profiles along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. J Mt Sci 10:643–657. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11629-013-2814-2\nAkinci H, Kilicoglu C, Dogan S (2020) Random forest-based landslide susceptibility mapping in coastal regions of Artvin, Turkey. 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solar wind energy is transmitted to low latitude ionosphere in a current circuit from a dynamo in the magnetosphere to the equatorial ionosphere via the polar ionosphere. During the substorm growth phase and storm main phase, the dawn-to-dusk convection electric field is intensified by the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), driving the ionospheric DP2 currents composed of two-cell Hall current vortices in high latitudes and Pedersen currents amplified at the dayside equator (EEJ). The EEJ-Region-1 field-aligned current (R1 FAC) circuit is completed via the Pedersen currents in midlatitude. On the other hand, the shielding electric field and the Region-2 FACs develop in the inner magnetosphere, tending to cancel the convection electric field at the mid-equatorial latitudes. The shielding often causes overshielding when the convection electric field reduces substantially and the EEJ is overcome by the counter electrojet (CEJ), leading to that even the quasi-periodic DP2 fluctuations are contributed by the overshielding as being composed of the EEJ and CEJ. The overshielding develop significantly during substorms and storms, leading to that the mid and low latitude ionosphere is under strong influence of the overshielding as well as the convection electric fields. The electric fields on the day- and night sides are in opposite direction to each other, but the electric fields in the evening are anomalously enhanced in the same direction as in the day. The evening anomaly is a unique feature of the electric potential distribution in the global ionosphere. DP2-type electric field and currents develop during the transient\u002Fshort-term geomagnetic disturbances like the geomagnetic sudden commencements (SC), which appear simultaneously at high latitude and equator within the temporal resolution of 10 s. Using the SC, we can confirm that the electric potential and currents are transmitted near-instantaneously to low latitude ionosphere on both day- and night sides, which is explained by means of the light speed propagation of the TM0 mode waves in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide.",{"EN":1091},"Transmission of the electric fields to the low latitude ionosphere in the magnetosphere-ionosphere current circuit",{"VOID":1093},"Abdu MA, Sastri JH, Luhr H, Tachihara H, Kitamura T, Trivedi NB, Sobral JHA (1988) DP 2 electric field fluctuations in the dusk-time dip equatorial ionosphere. Geophys Res Lett 25:9. doi:10.1029\u002F98GL01096\nAraki T (1977) Global structure of geomagnetic sudden commencements. Planet Space Sci 25:373–384\nAraki T (1994) A physical model of the geomagnetic sudden commencement. Solar Wind Sources of Magnetospheric Ultra-Low-Frequency Waves, Geophysical Monogr 81:183–200\nBaker WG, Martyn DF (1953) Electric currents in the ionosphere I. The conductivity. 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J Geophys Res 102:14223–14235\nGonzales CA, Kelley MC, Fejer BG, Vickrey JF, Woodman RF (1979) Equatorial electric fields during magnetically disturbed conditions 2. Implications of simultaneous auroral and equatorial measurements. J Geophys Res 84:5803–5812\nHashimoto KK, Kikuchi T, Ebihara Y (2002) Response of the magnetospheric convection to sudden interplanetary magnetic field changes as deduced from the evolution of partial ring currents. J Geophys Res 107(A11):1337. doi:10.1029\u002F2001JA009228\nHashimoto KK, Kikuchi T, Watari S, Abdu MA (2011) Polar-equatorial ionospheric currents driven by the region 2 field-aligned currents at the onset of substorms. J Geophys Res 116:A09217. doi:10.1029\u002F2011JA016442\nHirono M (1952) A theory of diurnal magnetic variations in equatorial regions and conductivity of the ionosphere E region. 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J Geophys Res 101:A1. doi:10.1029\u002F95JA02990\nKelley MC, Fejer BG, Gonzales CA (1979) An explanation for anomalous equatorial ionospheric electric fields associated with a northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field. Geophys Res Lett 6:301–304\nKikuchi T (1986) Evidence of transmission of polar electric fields to the low latitude at times of geomagnetic sudden commencements. J Geophys Res 91:3101–3105\nKikuchi T (2014) Transmission line model for the near-instantaneous transmission of the ionospheric electric field and currents to the equator. J Geophys Res Space Physics 119:1131–1156. doi:10.1002\u002F2013JA019515\nKikuchi T, Araki T (1979) Horizontal transmission of the polar electric field to the equator. J Atmos Terr Phys 41:927–936\nKikuchi T, Lühr H, Kitamura T, Saka O, Schlegel K (1996) Direct penetration of the polar electric field to the equator during a DP2 event as detected by the auroral and equatorial magnetometer chains and the EISCAT radar. J Geophys Res 101:17161–17173\nKikuchi T, Luehr H, Schlegel K, Tachihara H, Shinohara M, Kitamura T-I (2000) Penetration of auroral electric fields to the equator during a substorm. J Geophys Res 105:23251–23261\nKikuchi T, Hashimoto KK, Kitamura T-I, Tachihara H, Fejer B (2003) Equatorial counterelectrojets during substorms. J Geophys Res 108(A11):1406. doi:10.1029\u002F2003JA009915\nKikuchi T, Hashimoto KK, Nozaki K (2008) Penetration of magnetospheric electric fields to the equator during a geomagnetic storm. J Geophys Res 113:A06214. doi:10.1029\u002F2007JA012628\nMatsushita S, Balsley BB (1972) A question of DP2 magnetic fluctuations. Planet Space Sci 20:1259–1267\nMcPherron RL (1970) Growth phase of magnetospheric substorms. J Geophys Res 75(28):5592–5599\nNishida A (1968) Coherence of geomagnetic DP2 magnetic fluctuations with interplanetary magnetic variations. J Geophys Res 73:5549–5559\nNishimura Y, Shinbori A, Ono T, Iizima M, Kumamoto A (2006) Storm-time electric field distribution in the inner magnetosphere. Geophys Res Lett 33:L22102. doi:10.1029\u002F2006GL027510\nNishimura Y, Kikuchi T, Wygant J, Shinbori A, Ono T, Matsuoka A, Nagatsuma T, Brautigam D (2009) Response of convection electric fields in the magnetosphere to IMF orientation change. J Geophys Res 114:A09206. doi:10.1029\u002F2009JA014277\nNishimura Y, Kikuchi T, Shinbori A, Wygant J, Tsuji Y, Hori T, Ono T, Fujita S, Tanaka T (2010) Direct measurements of the Poynting flux associated with convection electric fields in the magnetosphere. J Geophys Res 115:A12212. doi:10.1029\u002F2010JA015491\nPeymirat C, Richmond AD, Kobea AT (2000) Electrodynamic coupling of high and low latitudes: simulations of shielding\u002Fovershielding effects. J Geophys Res 105(A10):22991–23003\nRastogi RG (1977) Geomagnetic storms and electric fields in the equatorial ionosphere. Nature 268:422–424\nRastogi RG (2004) Westward electric field in the low latitude ionosphere during the main phase of magnetic storms occurring around local midday hours. Sci Lett 27:69–74\nSenior C, Blanc M (1984) On the control of magnetospheric convection by the spatial distribution of ionospheric conductivities. J Geophys Res 89:261–284\nShinbori A, Nishimura Y, Ono T, Iizima M, Kumamoto A, Oya H (2005) Electrodynamics in the duskside inner magnetosphere and plasma sphere during a super magnetic storm on March 13–15, 1989. Earth Planets Space 57:643–659\nSomayajulu VV, Reddy CA, Viswanathan KS (1987) Penetration of magnetospheric convective electric field to the equatorial ionosphere during the substorm of March 22, 1979. Geophys Res Lett 14:876–879\nTakahashi N, Y Kasaba, Shinbori A, Nishimura Y, Kikuchi T, Ebihara Y, Nagatsuma T (2015) Response of ionospheric electric fields at mid-low latitudes during sudden commencements. J Geophys Res Space Physics 120:4849–4862. doi:10.1002\u002F2015JA021309\nTamao T (1964) The structure of three-dimensional hydromagnetic waves in a uniform cold plasma. J Geomag Geoelectr 48:89–114\nTanaka T (1995) Generation Mechanisms for Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Current Systems Deduced from a Three-Dimensional MHD Simulation of the Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Processes. J Geophys Res 100:A7. doi:10.1029\u002F95JA00419\nTanaka T, Nakamizo A, Yoshikawa A, Fujita S, Shinagawa H, Shimazu H, Kikuchi T, Hashimoto KK (2010) Substorm convection and current system deduced from the global simulation. J Geophys Res 115:A05220. doi:10.1029\u002F2009JA014676\nTsunomura S (1999) Numerical analysis of global ionospheric current system including the effect of equatorial enhancement. Ann Geophysicae 17:692–706\nTsunomura S, Araki T (1984) Numerical analysis of equatorial enhancement of geomagnetic sudden commencement. Planet Space Sci 32:599–604\nVasyliunas VM (ed) (1972) The interrelationship of magnetospheric processes, Earth’s Magnetospheric Processes. BM McCormac, London, pp 29–38\nWei Y et al (2009) Westward ionospheric electric field perturbations on the dayside associated with substorm processes. J Geophys Res 114:A12209. doi:10.1029\u002F2009JA014445\nWilson GR, Burke WJ, Maynard NC, Huang CY, Singer HJ (2001) Global electrodynamics observed during the initial and main phases of the July 1991 magnetic storm. J Geophys Res 106(A11):24517–24539\nWygant J, Rowland D, Singer HJ, Temerin M, Mozer F, Hudson MK (1998) Experimental evidence on the role of the large spatial scale electric field in creating the ring current. J Geophys Res 103(A12):29527–29544. doi:10.1029\u002F98JA01436",{"VOID":1095},"10.1186\u002Fs40562-016-0035-6","https:\u002F\u002Fgeoscienceletters.springeropen.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40562-016-0035-6",[1098,1113],{"id":1099,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1100,"affiliations":1101,"properties":1110,"displayName":1112,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"a295ee86-f47e-40c9-849f-6032aefcf27c",[142],[1102],{"id":1103,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1104,"properties":18},"1907d5c6-92e4-4cc5-8d9d-dd033647b10e",{"id":1103,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1105,"slug":18,"properties":1106,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1109,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1107},{"VI":1108},"Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan",[],{"title":1111},{"VI":1112},"Takashi Kikuchi",{"id":1114,"sortIndex":81,"researcher":18,"roles":1115,"affiliations":1116,"properties":1125,"displayName":1127,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"f085bedb-73d0-4762-b4ea-5558734928c7",[142],[1117],{"id":1118,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1119,"properties":18},"e77fccd5-8d39-438b-898d-dbb59660c968",{"id":1118,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1120,"slug":18,"properties":1121,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1124,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1122},{"VI":1123},"School of Agriculture, Kibi International University, Minami-Awaji, Japan",[],{"title":1126},{"VI":1127},"Kumiko K. Hashimoto",{"url":1096,"publisher":1129,"properties":1170},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1130,"slug":10,"properties":1131,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1134,"manageAffiliations":1139,"indexDatabases":1150,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1165,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"title":1132,"eissn":1133},{"EN":13},{"VOID":15},[1135],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1136,"label":1137,"description":1138,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[1140,1145],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1141,"slug":18,"properties":1142,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1144,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1143},{"EN":33},[],{"id":36,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1146,"slug":18,"properties":1147,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1149,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1148},{"EN":40},[],[1151,1158],{"id":44,"indexDatabase":1152,"url":57,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1157,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":46,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1153,"label":1154,"description":1155,"key":53,"publicationTags":1156,"standard":18},[],{"EN":49,"VI":49},{"EN":51,"VI":52},[55,56],[59,60],{"id":62,"indexDatabase":1159,"url":73,"indexYears":74,"academicFieldIds":1164,"indexDatabaseRanking":77},{"id":64,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1160,"label":1161,"description":1162,"key":70,"publicationTags":1163,"standard":18},[],{"EN":67,"VI":67},{"EN":67,"VI":69},[72],[76],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1166,"i10Index":88,"i10IndexLast5Year":89,"totalPublication":90,"totalPublicationByYear":1167,"totalCitation":95,"totalCitationByYear":1168,"totalCitationPerPublication":104,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1169,"hindexLast5Year":113,"hindex":113},{"2016":80,"2017":81,"2018":82,"2019":83,"2020":84,"2021":85,"2022":86,"2023":87},{"2015":80,"2016":92,"2017":93,"2018":86,"2019":92,"2020":94,"2021":81,"2022":92},{"2015":97,"2016":98,"2017":99,"2018":100,"2019":100,"2020":101,"2021":102,"2022":103},{"2015":106,"2016":107,"2017":108,"2018":109,"2019":110,"2020":111,"2021":102,"2022":112},{"pages":1171,"volume":1173},{"VOID":1172},"1-11",{"VOID":1174},"3","2016-02-20",2016,[55,77],{"id":1179,"createTime":1180,"updateTime":1181,"relativeEntities":1182,"slug":1183,"properties":1184,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":1181,"verifyNote":136,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1193,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1194,"publicationType":178,"publisherRelationship":1269,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":1316,"publishYear":1317,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":1318,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":334},"ee9cb91b-0bad-4e20-b44f-520a4231d3bc","2023-12-21T08:02:10.888+00:00","2025-02-25T10:32:33.025+00:00",[],"Spatiotemporal-slip-distribution-associated-with-the-2012-2016-Tokai-long-term-slow-slip-event-inverted-from-GNSS-data",{"abstract":1185,"title":1187,"references":1189,"doi":1191},{"EN":1186},"We used Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series data to estimate the spatiotemporal slip distribution for a long-term slow slip event (L-SSE) that occurred in the Tokai region, central Japan, from 2012 to 2016. Since all the used GNSS data were affected by the postseismic deformation associated with the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, we removed such postseismic signal from the time series of three components at each of the stations. The minimal time window for an inversion analysis was set to 0.5 years (6 months), taking into account the signal-to-noise ratio of displacements for each time window. In the horizontal displacement fields, displacements were observed in the south‒southeast and southeast directions on the west and east sides of Lake Hamana, respectively, with temporal changes in their amounts and directions. In the vertical displacement fields, uplift was observed on the east side of Lake Hamana. From these data, we estimated the L-SSE initiated in approximately 2012.5 and ended by 2017.0, indicating the duration time is 4.5 years and the duration was much longer than that obtained in a previous study. Using these data, we performed the inversion analysis, in which three a priori information were assumed, i.e., the spatial distribution of slip is smooth, slip mainly occurs in the direction of plate convergence, and the temporal variation in the slip is smooth, to obtain the spatiotemporal slip distribution on a plate boundary with 3-D geometry. As a result, we identified that the L-SSE consisted of two subevents. The first subevent initiated on the southwest side of Lake Hamana and expanded during the period from 2013.0 to 2014.5. The maximum slip velocity during the period from 2012.5 to 2017.0 was estimated to be approximately 3.5 cm\u002Fyear there for 2013.5–2014.0. The second subevent took place on the west side of Lake Hamana gradually from 2015.0 to 2015.5, continued, and expanded from 2015.5 to 2016.5. From the cumulative slip distribution, we found that its shape spread in the dip direction and obtained a maximum slip of approximately 10.6 cm, a moment release of 2.7 × 1019 Nm, and an equivalent moment magnitude of 6.9. Comparing our results with the L-SSE that occurred in the Tokai region between 2000 and 2005, we found that the slip initiation location was almost the same, but the subsequent slip location was more southerly for the 2012–2016 Tokai L-SSE. Additionally, the maximum slip velocity and moment magnitude were smaller for the 2012–2016 L-SSE.",{"EN":1188},"Spatiotemporal slip distribution associated with the 2012–2016 Tokai long-term slow slip event inverted from GNSS data",{"VOID":1190},"Bird P (2003) An updated digital model of plate boundaries. 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Phys Earth Planet Inter 146:513–530\nYoshioka S, Matsuoka Y, Ide S (2015) Spatiotemporal slip distributions of three long-term slow slip events beneath the Bungo Channel, southwest Japan, inferred from inversion analyses of GPS data. Geophys J Int 201:1437–1455",{"VOID":1192},"10.1186\u002Fs40562-023-00316-4","https:\u002F\u002Fgeoscienceletters.springeropen.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40562-023-00316-4",[1195,1210,1223,1245],{"id":1196,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1197,"affiliations":1198,"properties":1207,"displayName":1209,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"1e4c960e-5db2-4fca-b186-cd9088aea963",[142],[1199],{"id":1200,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1201,"properties":18},"12581a2e-46c9-4b1a-8b91-bc1a9ef802db",{"id":1200,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1202,"slug":18,"properties":1203,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1206,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1204},{"EN":1205},"Department of Planetology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan",[],{"title":1208},{"VI":1209},"Yukinari Seshimo",{"id":1211,"sortIndex":81,"researcher":18,"roles":1212,"affiliations":1213,"properties":1220,"displayName":1222,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"56a447c1-932d-44e8-bbcf-743484c8916d",[142],[1214],{"id":1200,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1215,"properties":18},{"id":1200,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1216,"slug":18,"properties":1217,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1219,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1218},{"EN":1205},[],{"title":1221},{"VI":1222},"Hiroki 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Kobe University, Kobe, Japan",[],{},{"title":1243},{"VI":1244},"Shoichi Yoshioka",{"id":1246,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":18,"roles":1247,"affiliations":1248,"properties":1266,"displayName":1268,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"6add6c37-09fa-46aa-8867-4cb10948207f",[142],[1249,1257],{"id":1250,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1251,"properties":18},"7474cbdf-0166-4065-84a6-6be73b1c9db6",{"id":1250,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1252,"slug":18,"properties":1253,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1256,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1254},{"VI":1255},"Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, 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mode (VM), the second dominant mode of North Pacific sea surface temperature variability, has been identified as one of the important factors influencing the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset. The positive phase of the May VM delays the ISM onset by both tropical and extratropical pathways. Here, we found a significant interdecadal enhancement of their relationship since the early 1990s, which is mainly attributed to the structure changes and increased variance of the VM. In recent decades, the VM has shown more significant warm SST anomalies in the tropical central Pacific, which drive the large-scale divergent circulation more effectively. This enhanced divergent circulation leads to low-level divergence and reduced rainfall in the tropical Asian summer monsoon region. The reduced rainfall excites equatorial Rossby wave response and anomalous easterly winds in the northern Indian Ocean, delaying the ISM onset. Besides, the increased variance of the VM after 1992\u002F1993 stimulates a stronger extratropical Rossby wave train. This stationary Rossby wave train induces a stronger cooling to the northwest of India, which weakens the land-sea thermal contrast and leads to the delayed ISM onset. This finding should be taken into account to improve short-term predictions of the monsoon onset.",{"EN":1329},"Enhanced impacts of the North Pacific Victoria mode on the Indian summer monsoon onset in recent decades",{"EN":1331},"",{"VOID":1333},"Aru H, Chen W, Chen S (2021) Is there any improvement in simulation of the wintertime Western Pacific teleconnection pattern and associated climate anomalies in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5 models? J Clim 34:8841–8861\nAru H, Chen S, Chen W (2022) Change in the variability in the Western Pacific pattern during boreal winter: roles of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies and North Pacific storm track activity. Clim Dyn 58:2451–2468\nBombardi RJ, Kinter JL, Frauenfeld OW (2019) A global gridded dataset of the characteristics of the rainy and dry seasons. Bull Am Meteor Soc 100:1315–1328\nBombardi RJ, Moron V, Goodnight JS (2020) Detection, variability, and predictability of monsoon onset and withdrawal dates: a review. Int J Climatol 40:641–667\nBond NA, Overland JE, Spillane M, Stabeno P (2003) Recent shifts in the state of the North Pacific. Geophys Res Lett. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2003GL018597\nChen M, Xie P, Janowiak JE, Arkin PA (2002) Global land precipitation: a 50-yr monthly analysis based on gauge observations. J Hydrometeorol 3:249–266\nChen W, Wang L, Feng J, Wen Z, Ma T, Yang X, Wang C (2019) Recent progress in studies of the variabilities and mechanisms of the East Asian monsoon in a changing climate. Adv Atmos Sci 36:887–901\nChen W et al (2023) Recent advances in understanding multi-scale climate variability of the Asian monsoon. Adv Atmos Sci 40:1429–1456\nDing R, Li J, Tseng Y-H, Sun C, Guo Y (2015) The Victoria mode in the North Pacific linking extratropical sea level pressure variations to ENSO. J Geophys Res Atmos 120:27–45\nGill AE (1980) Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Q J R Meteorol Soc 106:447–462\nHu P, Chen W, Chen S, Wang L, Liu Y (2022a) The weakening relationship between ENSO and the South China Sea summer monsoon onset in recent decades. Adv Atmos Sci. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00376-021-1208-6\nHu P, Chen W, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang L, Huang R (2022b) The leading mode and factors for coherent variations among the subsystems of tropical Asian summer monsoon onset. J Clim 35:1597–1612\nHu P, Chen W, Wang L, Chen S, Liu Y, Chen L (2022c) Revisiting the ENSO–monsoonal rainfall relationship: new insights based on an objective determination of the Asian summer monsoon duration. Environ Res Lett 17:104050\nHu P, Chen W, Chen S, Wang L, Liu Y (2023) Impacts of Pacific Ocean SST on the interdecadal variations of tropical Asian summer monsoon onset: new eastward-propagating mechanisms. Clim Dyn 61:4733–4748\nHu P, Chen W, Chen S et al (2024) Revisiting the linkage between the Pacific-Japan pattern and Indian summer monsoon rainfall: the crucial role of the Maritime Continent. Geophys Res Lett 51:e2023GL106982\nJoseph PV, Sooraj KP, Rajan CK (2006) The summer monsoon onset process over South Asia and an objective method for the date of monsoon onset over Kerala. Int J Climatol 26:1871–1893\nKalnay E et al (1996) The NCEP\u002FNCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Am Meteor Soc 77:437–472\nKumar KK, Rajagopalan B, Cane MA (1999) On the weakening relationship between the Indian monsoon and ENSO. Science 284:2156–2159\nKumar KK, Rajagopalan B, Hoerling M, Bates G, Cane M (2006) Unraveling the mystery of Indian monsoon failure during El Niño. Science 314:115–119\nLee J-Y, Wang B, Wheeler MC, Fu X, Waliser DE, Kang I-S (2013) Real-time multivariate indices for the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation over the Asian summer monsoon region. Clim Dyn 40:493–509\nLi J, Thompson D (2021) Widespread changes in surface temperature persistence under climate change. Nature 599:425–430\nLi Z, Ding R, Mao J, Ren Z (2023) Understanding the driving forces of the North Pacific Victoria mode. J Clim 36:6547–6560\nLiu Z, Di Lorenzo E (2018) Mechanisms and predictability of Pacific decadal variability. Curr Clim Change Rep 4:128–144\nLiu B, Duan Y (2023) Diverse interannual variability of Asian summer monsoon onset process. Geophys Res Lett 50:e2022GL100583\nMatsuno T (1966) Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 44:25–43\nNewman M et al (2016) The Pacific decadal oscillation, revisited. J Clim 29:4399–4427\nNoska R, Misra V (2016) Characterizing the onset and demise of the Indian summer monsoon. Geophys Res Lett 43:4547–4554\nPai DS, Rajeevan MN (2009) Summer monsoon onset over Kerala: new definition and prediction. J Earth Syst Sci 118:123–135\nQian Y, Hsu P-C, Kazuyoshi K (2019) New real-time indices for the quasi-biweekly oscillation over the Asian summer monsoon region. Clim Dyn 53:2603–2624\nRayner N et al (2003) Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J Geophys Res Atmos 108:4407\nTakaya K, Nakamura H (2001) A formulation of a phase-independent wave-activity flux for stationary and migratory quasigeostrophic eddies on a zonally varying basic flow. J Atmos Sci 58:608–627\nTian Z, Ding R, Zhou X (2024) Effect of eastward shift of North Pacific Oscillation on the wind-evaporation-SST feedback. Clim Dyn. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00382-023-07061-6\nWang B, Ding Q, Joseph PV (2009) Objective definition of the Indian summer monsoon onset. J Clim 22:3303–3316\nWatanabe T, Yamazaki K (2014) Decadal-scale variation of South Asian summer monsoon onset and its relationship with the Pacific decadal oscillation. J Clim 27:5163–5173\nXiang B, Wang B (2013) Mechanisms for the advanced Asian summer monsoon onset since the mid-to-late 1990s. J Clim 26:1993–2009\nYang X, Huang P (2021) Restored relationship between ENSO and Indian summer monsoon rainfall around 1999\u002F2000. Innovation 2:100102\nYeh SW, Yi DW, Sung MK et al (2018) An eastward shift of the North Pacific Oscillation after the mid-1990s and its relationship with ENSO. Geophys Res Lett 45:6654–6660\nYu SY, Fan L, Zhang Y, Zheng XT, Li Z (2021a) Reexamining the Indian summer monsoon rainfall–ENSO relationship from its recovery in the 21st century: role of the Indian Ocean SST anomaly associated with types of ENSO evolution. Geophys Res Lett 48:e2021GL092873\nYu W, Liu YM, Yang XQ, Wu GX, He B, Li JX, Bao Q (2021b) Impact of North Atlantic SST and Tibetan Plateau forcing on seasonal transition of springtime South Asian monsoon circulation. Clim Dyn 56:559–579\nYu W et al (2022) Potential impact of spring thermal forcing over the Tibetan Plateau on the following winter El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 49:e2021GL097234\nZhang S, Hu P, Huang G, Qu X (2024) Observed impacts of the North Pacific Victoria Mode on Indian summer monsoon onset. 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Cont Shelf Res 13:1045–1064",{"doi":1571},"10.1016\u002F0278-4343(93)90040-5",{"id":18,"text":1573,"url":18,"identifiers":1574},"Chelton DB, Esbensen SK, Schlax MG, Thum N, Freilich MH (2001) Observations of coupling between surface wind stress and sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific. J Clim 14:1479–1498",{"doi":1575},"10.1175\u002F1520-0442(2001)014\u003C1479:OOCBSW>2.0.CO;2",{"id":18,"text":1577,"url":18,"identifiers":1578},"Chin TM, Vazquez J, Armstrong E (2013) Algorithm theoretical basis document: a multi-scale, high-resolution analysis of global sea surface temperature, vers. 1.3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena",{},{"id":18,"text":1580,"url":18,"identifiers":1581},"Chin TM, Vazquez-Cuervo J, Armstrong EM (2017) A multi-scale high-resolution analysis of global sea surface temperature. Remote Sens Environ 200:154–169",{"doi":1582},"10.1016\u002Fj.rse.2017.07.029",{"id":18,"text":1584,"url":18,"identifiers":1585},"Ding Y, Bao X, Yu H, Kuang L (2012) A numerical study of the barotropic tides and tidal energy distribution in the Indonesian seas with the assimilated finite volume coastal ocean model. Ocean Dyn 62:515–532",{"doi":1586},"10.1007\u002Fs10236-011-0518-0",{"id":18,"text":1588,"url":18,"identifiers":1589},"Egbert GD, Ray RD (2017) Tidal prediction, in: the sea: science of ocean prediction. J Mar Res 75:189–237",{"doi":1590},"10.1357\u002F002224017821836761",{"id":18,"text":1592,"url":18,"identifiers":1593},"Garrett C (1979) Mixing in the ocean interior. Dyn Atmos Oceans 3:239–265",{"doi":1594},"10.1016\u002F0377-0265(79)90011-3",{"id":18,"text":1596,"url":18,"identifiers":1597},"Gordon AL (2005) Oceanography of the Indonesian seas and their throughflow. Oceanography 18(4):14–27",{"doi":1598},"10.5670\u002Foceanog.2005.01",{"id":18,"text":1600,"url":18,"identifiers":1601},"Griffin DA, LeBlond PH (1990) Estuary\u002Focean exchange controlled by spring-neap tidal mixing. Estuar Coastal Shelf Sci 30:275–297",{"doi":1602},"10.1016\u002F0272-7714(90)90052-S",{"id":18,"text":1604,"url":18,"identifiers":1605},"Hatayama T, Awaji T, Akitomo K (1996) Tidal currents in the Indonesian seas and their effect on transport and mixing. J Geophys Res 101:12,353–12,373",{"doi":1606},"10.1029\u002F96JC00036",{"id":18,"text":1608,"url":18,"identifiers":1609},"Hayes SP, McPhaden MJ, Wallace JM (1989) The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: weekly to monthly variability. J Clim 2:1500–1506",{"doi":1610},"10.1175\u002F1520-0442(1989)002\u003C1500:TIOSST>2.0.CO;2",{"id":18,"text":1612,"url":18,"identifiers":1613},"Iwasaki S, Isobe A, Miyao Y (2015) Fortnightly atmospheric tides forced by spring and neap tides in coastal waters. Sci Rep 5(10):167. \n                    https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fsrep10167",{"doi":1614},"10.1038\u002Fsrep10167",{"id":18,"text":1616,"url":18,"identifiers":1617},"Jochum M, Potemra J (2008) Sensitivity of tropical rainfall to the Banda Sea diffusivity in the community climate system model. J Clim 21:6445–6454",{"doi":1618},"10.1175\u002F2008JCLI2230.1",{"id":18,"text":1620,"url":18,"identifiers":1621},"Koch-Larrouy A, Lengaigne M, Terray P, Madec G, Masson S (2010) Tidal mixing in the Indonesian Seas and its effect on the tropical climate system. Clim Dyn 34:891–904. \n                    https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00382-009-0642-4",{"doi":1622},"10.1007\u002Fs00382-009-0642-4",{"id":18,"text":1624,"url":18,"identifiers":1625},"Li Y, Smith RB (2010) Observation and theory of the diurnal continental thermal tide. J Atmos Sci 67:2752–2765",{"doi":1626},"10.1175\u002F2010JAS3384.1",{"id":18,"text":1628,"url":18,"identifiers":1629},"Lindzen RS, Nigam S (1987) On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics. J Atmos Sci 44:2418–2436",{"doi":1630},"10.1175\u002F1520-0469(1987)044\u003C2418:OTROSS>2.0.CO;2",{"id":18,"text":1632,"url":18,"identifiers":1633},"Lyard F, Lefevre F, Letellier T, Francis O (2006) Modelling the global ocean tides: modern insights from FES2004. Ocean Dyn 56:394–415",{"doi":1634},"10.1007\u002Fs10236-006-0086-x",{"id":18,"text":1636,"url":18,"identifiers":1637},"Matthews JP, Aiki H, Masuda S, Awaji T, Ishikawa Y (2011) Monsoon regulation of Lombok Strait internal waves. J Geophys Res 116(C05):007. \n                    https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2010JC006403",{"doi":1638},"10.1029\u002F2010JC006403",{"id":18,"text":1640,"url":18,"identifiers":1641},"Nugroho D, Koch-Larrouy A, Gaspar P, Lyard F, Reffray G, Tranchant B (2018) Modelling explicit tides in the Indonesian seas: an important process for surface sea water properties. Mar Pollut Bull 131B:7–18",{"doi":1642},"10.1016\u002Fj.marpolbul.2017.06.033",{"id":18,"text":1644,"url":18,"identifiers":1645},"Paden CA, Abbott MR, Winant CD (1991) Tidal and atmospheric forcing of the upper ocean in the Gulf of California: 1. Sea surface temperature variability. J Geophys Res 96:18,337–18,359",{"doi":1646},"10.1029\u002F91JC01597",{"id":18,"text":1648,"url":18,"identifiers":1649},"Percival DB, Walden AT (1993) Spectral analysis for physical applications. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge",{"doi":1650},"10.1017\u002FCBO9780511622762",{"id":18,"text":1652,"url":18,"identifiers":1653},"Pfahl S, Niedermann N (2011) Daily covariations in near-surface relative humidity and temperature over the oceans. J Geophys Res 116(D19):104",{"doi":1654},"10.1029\u002F2011JD015792",{"id":18,"text":1656,"url":18,"identifiers":1657},"Pugh DT, Woodworth PL (2014) Sea level science: understanding tides, surges, tsunamis and mean sea-level changes. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge",{"doi":1658},"10.1017\u002FCBO9781139235778",{"id":18,"text":1660,"url":18,"identifiers":1661},"Ray RD, Susanto RD (2016) Tidal mixing signatures in the Indonesian seas from high-resolution sea surface temperature data. Geophys Res Lett 43:8115–8123. \n                    https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002F2016GL069485",{"doi":1662},"10.1002\u002F2016GL069485",{"id":18,"text":1664,"url":18,"identifiers":1665},"Ray RD, Egbert GD, Erofeeva SY (2005) A brief overview of tides in the Indonesian Seas. Oceanography 18:74–79",{"doi":1666},"10.5670\u002Foceanog.2005.07",{"id":18,"text":1668,"url":18,"identifiers":1669},"Small SJ, deSzoeke SP, Xie SP, O’Neill L, Seo H, Song Q, Cornillon P, Spall M, Minobe S (2008) Air-sea interaction over ocean fronts and eddies. Dyn Atmos Oceans 45:274–319",{"doi":1670},"10.1016\u002Fj.dynatmoce.2008.01.001",{"id":18,"text":1672,"url":18,"identifiers":1673},"Souza AJ, Pineda J (2001) Tidal mixing modulation of sea-surface temperature and diatom abundance in Southern California. Cont Shelf Res 21:651–666",{"doi":1674},"10.1016\u002FS0278-4343(00)00105-9",{"id":18,"text":1676,"url":18,"identifiers":1677},"Sprintall J, Wijffels S, Molcard R, Jaya I (2009) Direct estimates of the Indonesian throughflow entering the Indian Ocean: 2004–2006. J Geophys Res 114(C07):001. \n                    https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1029\u002F2008JC005257",{"doi":1678},"10.1029\u002F2008JC005257",{"id":18,"text":1680,"url":18,"identifiers":1681},"Sprintall J, Gordon AL, Koch-Larrouy A, Lee T, Potemra JT, Pujiana K, Wijffels S (2014) The Indonesian Seas and their role in the coupled ocean-climate system. Nature Geosci 7:487–492",{"doi":1682},"10.1038\u002Fngeo2188",{"id":1684,"createTime":1685,"updateTime":1686,"relativeEntities":1687,"slug":1688,"properties":1689,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":1686,"verifyNote":136,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1698,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1699,"publicationType":178,"publisherRelationship":1959,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":2004,"publishYear":1176,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":2005,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":334},"5e47fcba-ee9d-42cb-b36f-577b746ac951","2023-12-23T13:19:54.198+00:00","2025-02-24T00:24:28.372+00:00",[],"The-fast-development-of-solar-terrestrial-sciences-in-Taiwan",{"abstract":1690,"title":1692,"references":1694,"doi":1696},{"EN":1691},"In Taiwan, research and education of solar terrestrial sciences began with a ground-based ionosonde operated by Ministry of Communications in 1952 and courses of ionospheric physics and space physics offered by National Central University (NCU) in 1959, respectively. Since 1990, to enhance both research and education, the Institute of Space Science at NCU has been setting up and operating ground-based observations of micropulsations, very high-frequency radar, low-latitude ionospheric tomography network, high-frequency Doppler sounder, digital ionosondes, and total electron content (TEC) derived from ground-based GPS receivers to study the morphology of the ionosphere for diurnal, seasonal, geophysical, and solar activity variations, as well as the ionosphere response to solar flares, solar wind, solar eclipses, magnetic storms, earthquakes, tsunami, and so on. Meanwhile, to have better understanding on physics and mechanisms, model simulations for the heliosphere, solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere are also introduced and developed. After the 21 September 1999 Mw7.6 Chi–Chi earthquake, seismo-ionospheric precursors and seismo-traveling ionospheric disturbances induced by earthquakes become the most interesting and challenging research topics of the world. The development of solar terrestrial sciences grows even much faster after National Space Origination has been launching a series of FORMOSAT satellites since 1999. ROCSAT-1 (now renamed FORMOSAT-1) measures the ion composition, density, temperature, and drift velocity at the 600-km altitude in the low-latitude ionosphere; FORMOSAT-2 is to investigate lightning-induced transient luminous events, polar aurora, and upper atmospheric airglow, and FORMOSAT-3 probes ionospheric electron density profiles of the globe. In the near future, FORMOSAT-5 and FORMOSAT-7\u002FCOSMIC-2 will be employed for studying solar terrestrial sciences. These satellite missions play an important role on the recent development of solar terrestrial sciences in Taiwan.",{"EN":1693},"The fast development of solar terrestrial sciences in Taiwan",{"VOID":1695},"Chang SC, Kuo CL, Lee LJ, Chen AB, Su HT, Hsu RR, Frey HU, Mende SB, Takahashi Y, Lee LC (2010) ISUAL far-ultraviolet events, elves, and lightning current. J Geophys Res 115:A00E46. doi:10.1029\u002F2009ja014861\nChang LC, Lin CH, Liu JY, Nanan B, Yue J, Lin JT (2013a) Seasonal and local time variation of ionospheric migrating tides in 2007–2011 FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC and TIE-GCM total electron content. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 118:2545–2564. doi:10.1002\u002Fjgra.50268\nChang LC, Lin CH, Yue J, Liu JY, Lin JT (2013b) Stationary planetary wave and nonmigrating tidal signatures in ionospheric wave-3 & Wave-4 variations in 2007–2011 FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC observations. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 118:6651–6665. doi:10.1002\u002Fjgra.50583\nChang LC, Yue J, Wang W, Wu Q, Meier RR (2014) Quasi-two day wave related variability in the background dynamics and composition of the mesosphere\u002Fthermosphere, and the ionosphere. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 119:4786–4804. doi:10.1002\u002F2014JA019936\nChang LC, Liu H, Miyoshi Y, Chen CH, Chang FY, Lin CH, Liu JY, Sun YY (2015a) Structure and origins of the Weddell sea anomaly from tidal and planetary wave signatures in FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC observations and GAIA GCM simulations. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 120:1325–1340. doi:10.1002\u002F2014JA020752\nChang FY, Liu JY, Chang LC, Lin CH, Chen CH (2015b) Three-dimensional electron density along the WSA and MSNA latitudes probed by FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC. Earth Planets Sp 67:1–8. doi:10.1186\u002Fs40623-015-0326-8\nChao CK, Su SY, Yeh HC (2003) Presunrise ion temperature enhancement observed at 600 km low- and mid-latitude ionosphere. Geophys Res Lett 30(4):1187. doi:10.1029\u002F2002GL016268\nChao CK, Su SY, Yeh HC (2004) Ion temperature crests and troughs in the morning sector of the low-latitude and midlatitude topside ionosphere. J Geophys Res 109:A11303. doi:10.1029\u002F2003JA010360\nChao CK, Su SY, Huba JD, Oyama KI (2010) Modeling the presunrise plasma heating in the low- to midlatitude topside ionospheres. J Geophys Res 115:A09304. doi:10.1029\u002F2009JA014923\nChao CK, Lin ZW, Mao YC, Chang YS (2015) System architecture of advanced ionospheric probe onboard FORMOSAT-5 satellite. submitted to TAO\nChen KY, Yeh HC, Su SY, Liu CH, Huang NE (2001) Anatomy of plasma structures in an equatorial spread F event. Geophys Res Lett 28(16):3107–3110\nChen KY, Su SY, Liu CH, Basu S (2005) Ionospheric irregularity characteristics from quasiperiodic structure in the radio wave scintillation. Radio Sci 40:RS3001. doi:10.1029\u002F2004RS003178\nChen B et al (2008) Global distributions and occurrence rates of transient luminous events. J Geophys Res 113:A08306. doi:10.1029\u002F2008JA013101\nChen CH, Huba JD, Saito A, Lin CH, Liu JY (2011) Theoretical study of the ionospheric Weddell sea anomaly using SAMI2. J Geophys Res 116:A04305. doi:10.1029\u002F2010JA015573\nChen CH, Lin CH, Chang LC, Huba JD, Lin JT, Saito A, Liu JY (2013) Thermospheric tidal effects on the ionospheric midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly using SAMI3 and TIEGCM. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 118(6):3836–3845. doi:10.1002\u002Fjgra.50340\nChen JS, Furumoto J, Yamamoto M (2014a) Three-dimensional radar imaging of atmospheric layer and turbulence structures using multiple receivers and multiple frequencies. Ann Geophys 32:899–909\nChen JS, Su CL, Chu YH, Kuong RM, Furumoto J (2014b) Measurement of range-weighting function for range imaging of VHF atmospheric radars using range oversampling. J Atmos Ocean Technol 31:47–61. doi:10.1175\u002FJTECH-D-12-00236.1\nChen YT, Lin CH, Chen CH, Liu JY, Huba JD, Chang LC, Lin JT, Liu H, Rajesh PK (2014c) Theoretical study of the ionospheric plasma cave in the equatorial ionization anomaly region. J Geophys Res 119(12):10324–10335\nChen JS, Tsai SC, Su CL, Chu YH (2015) Evaluation of multifrequency range-imaging technique implemented on the Chung–Li VHF atmospheric radar. Atmos Meas Tech Discuss 8:10097–10120\nChou JK et al (2010) Gigantic jets with negative and positive polarity streamers. J Geophys Res 115(A7):A00E45. doi:10.1029\u002F2009JA014831\nChu YH, Brahmanandam PS, Wang CY, Su CL, Kuong RM (2011) Coordinated sporadic E layer observations made with Chung-Li 30 MHz radar, ionosonde and FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC satellites. J Atmos Solar-Terr Phys 73:883–894\nChu YH, Yang KF, Wang CY, Su CL (2013) Meridional electric fields in layer-type and clump-type plasma structures in midlatitude sporadic E region: observations and plausible mechanisms. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 118:1243–1254. doi:10.1002\u002Fjgra.50191\nChu YH, Wang CY, Wu KH, Chen KT, Tzeng KJ, Su CL, Feng W, Plane JMC (2014) Morphology of sporadic E layer retrieved from COSMIC GPS radio occultation measurements: wind shear theory examination. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 119:2117–2136. doi:10.1002\u002F2013JA019437\nDas U, Pan, CJ (2014) Validation of FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC level 2 “atmPrf” global temperature data in the stratosphere. Atmo Measure Tech 7:731–742. doi:10.5194\u002Famt-7-731-2014\nForbes JM, Bruinsma SL, Oberheide J, Zhang X (2009) Surface-exosphere coupling due to thermal tides. Geophys Res Lett 36:2009GL15812. doi:10.1029\u002FL038748\nHsu CT, Matsuo T, Wang W, Liu JY (2014) Effects of inferring unobserved thermospheric and ionospheric state variables by using an Ensemble Kalman Filter on global ionospheric specification and forecasting. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 119:9256–9267. doi:10.1002\u002F2014JA020390\nHuang CM (2013) Disturbance dynamo electric fields in response to geomagnetic storms occurring at different universal times. J Geophys Res. doi:10.1029\u002F2012JA018118\nHuang CM, Chen MQ (2008) Formation of maximum electric potential at the geomagnetic equator by the disturbance dynamo. J Geophys Res 113:A03301. doi:10.1029\u002F2007JA012843\nHuang CM, Richmod AD, Chen MQ (2005) Theoretical effects of geomagnetic activity on low-latitude ionospheric electric fields. J Geophys Res 110:A05312. doi:10.1029\u002F2004JA010994\nHuang CM, Chen MQ, Su SY (2008) Plasma drift observations associated with intense magnetic storms by the IPEI on board ROCSAT-1. J Geophys Res 113:A11301. doi:10.1029\u002F2008JA013405\nHuang CM, Chen MQ, Liu JY (2010) Ionospheric positive storm phases at the magnetic equator close to sunset. J Geophys Res 115:A07315. doi:10.1029\u002F2009JA014936\nJao CS, Hau LN (2015) Two-dimensional electrostatic solitary structures in electron-positron plasmas. New J Phys 17:053047. doi:10.1088\u002F1367-2630\u002F17\u002F5\u002F053047\nKan JR, Li H, Wang C, Frey HU, Kubyshkina MV, Runov A, Xiao CJ, Lyu LH, Sun W (2011) Brightening of onset arc precedes the dipolarization onset: THEMIS observations of two events on 1 March 2008. Ann Geophys 29:2045–2059. doi:10.5194\u002Fangeo-29-2045-2011\nKuo CL, Chen AB, Chou JK, Tsai LY, Hsu RR, Su HT, Frey HU, Mende SB, Takahashi Y, Lee LC (2008) Radiative emission and energy deposition in transient luminous events. J Phys D 41:4014. doi:10.1088\u002F0022-3727\u002F41\u002F23\u002F234014\nKuo CL, Huba JD, Joyce G, Lee LC (2011) Ionosphere plasma bubbles and density variations induced by pre-earthquake rock currents and associated surface charges. J Geophys Res 116:A10317\nKuo CL, Lee LC, Huba JD (2014) An improved coupling model for the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere system. J Geophys Res 119:3189–3205\nLee LC, Wu CS (1980) Amplification of radiation near cyclotron frequency due to electron population inversion. Phys Fluids 23:1348\nLee CC, Liu JY, Chen MQ, Su SY, Yeh HC, Nozaki K (2004) Observation and model comparisons of the traveling atmospheric disturbances over the Western Pacific region during the 6–7 April 2000 magnetic storm. J Geophys Res 109:A09309. doi:10.1029\u002F2003JA010267\nLee CC, Su SY, Reinisch BW (2005a) Concurrent study of bottomside spread F and plasma bubble events in the equatorial ionosphere during solar maximum using digisonde and ROCSAT-1. Ann Geophys 23:3473–3480. doi:10.5194\u002Fangeo-23-3473-2005\nLee CC, Liu JY, Reinisch BW, Chen WS, Chu FD (2005b) The effects of the pre-reversal drift, the EIA asymmetry, and magnetic activity on the equatorial spread F during solar maximum. Ann Geophys 23:745–751\nLee IT, Liu JY, Lin CH, Oyama KI, Chen CY, Chen CH (2012a) Ionospheric plasma caves under the equatorial ionization anomaly. J Geophys Res 117:A11309. doi:10.1029\u002F2012JA017868\nLee IT, Matsuo T, Richmond AD, Liu JY, Wang W, Lin CH, Anderson JL, Chen MQ (2012b) Assimilation of FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC electron density profiles into a coupled thermosphere\u002Fionosphere model using ensemble Kalman filtering. J Geophys Res 117:A10318. doi:10.1029\u002F2012JA017700\nLee KH, Omura Y, Lee LC (2012c) Electron acceleration by Z-mode waves associated with cyclotron maser instability. Phys Plasmas 19:122902\nLee IT, Tsai HF, Liu JY, Lin CH, Matsuo T, Chang LC (2013a) Modeling impact of FORMOSAT-7\u002FCOSMIC-2 mission on ionospheric space weather monitoring. J Geophys Res 118:6518–6523. doi:10.1002\u002Fjgra.50538\nLee KH, Omura Y, Lee LC (2013b) Electron acceleration by Z-mode and whistler-mode waves. Phys Plasmas 20:112901\nLee LJ et al (2013c) Secondary gigantic jets as possible inducers of sprites. Geophys Res Lett 40(8):1462–1467. doi:10.1002\u002Fgrl.50300\nLin CH (2014) A statistical study of the subsurface structure and eruptivity of solar active regions. Astrophys Sp Sci 352:361–371. doi:10.1007\u002Fs10509-014-1931-x\nLin CH, Wang WB, Hagan ME, Hsiao CC, Immel TJ, Hsu ML, Liu JY, Paxton LJ, Fang TW, Liu CH (2007a) Plausible effect of atmospheric tides on the equatorial ionosphere observed by the FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC: three-dimensional electron density structures. Geophys Res Lett 34:L11112. doi:10.1029\u002F2007GL029265\nLin CH, Hsiao CC, Liu JY, Liu CH (2007b) Longitudinal structure of the equatorial ionosphere: time evolutions of the four-peaked EIA structures. J Geophys Res 112:A12305. doi:10.1029\u002F2007JA012455\nLin CH, Liu JY, Cheng CZ, Chen CH, Liu CH, Wang W, Burns AG, Lei J (2009) Three-dimensional ionospheric electron density structure of the Weddell sea anomaly. J Geophys Res 114:A02312. doi:10.1029\u002F2008JA013455\nLin CH, Liu CH, Liu JY, Chen CH, Burns AG, Wang W (2010) Midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly of the ionospheric electron density observed by FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC. J Geophys Res 115:A03308. doi:10.1029\u002F2009JA014084\nLin JT, Lin CH, Chang LC, Huang HH, Liu JY, Chen AB, Chen CH, Liu CH (2012) Observational evidence of ionospheric migrating tide modification during the 2009 stratospheric sudden warming. Geophys Res Lett 39:L02101. doi:10.1029\u002F2011GL050248\nLin CH, Lin JT, Chang LC, Chen WH, Chen CH, Liu JY (2013) Stratospheric sudden warming effect on the ionospheric migrating tides during 2008–2010 observed by FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC. J Atmo Solar Terr Phys 103:SI66–SI75. doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jastp.2013.03.026\nLiu JY, Sun YY (2011) Seismo-traveling ionospheric disturbances of ionograms observed during the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake. Earth Planets Sp 63:897–902\nLiu JY, Chen YI, Chuo YJ, Tsai HF (2001) Variations of ionospheric total electron content during the Chi–Chi earthquake. Geophys Res Lett 28:1383–1386\nLiu JY, Lin CH, Tsai HF, Liou YA (2004a) Ionospheric solar flare effects monitored by the ground-based GPS receivers: theory and observation. J Geophys Res 109:A01307. doi:10.1029\u002F2003JA009931\nLiu JY, Chuo YJ, Shan SJ, Tsai YB, Chen YI, Pulinets SA, Yu SB (2004b) Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurement. Ann Geophys 22:1585–1593\nLiu JY, Chen CH, Chen YI, Yen HY, Hattori K, Yumoto K (2006a) Seismo-geomagnetic anomalies and M ≥ 5.0 earthquakes observed in Taiwan during 1988–2001. Phys Chem Earth 31:215–222\nLiu JY, Tsai YB, Chen SW, Lee CP, Chen YC, Yen HY, Chang WY, Liu C (2006b) Giant ionospheric disturbances excited by the M9.3 Sumatra earthquake of 26 December 2004. Geophys Res Lett 33:2005GL02103. doi:10.1029\u002FL023963\nLiu JY, Tsai YB, Ma KF, Chen YI, Tsai HF, Lin CH, Kamogawa M, Lee CP (2006c) Ionospheric GPS total electron content (TEC) disturbances triggered by the 26 December 2004 Indian ocean tsunami. J Geophys Res 111:A05303. doi:10.1029\u002F2005JA011200\nLiu JY, Lin CH, Chen YI, Lin YC, Fang TW, Chen CH, Chen YC, Hwang JJ (2006d) Solar flare signatures of the ionospheric GPS total electron content. J Geophys Res 111:A05308. doi:10.1029\u002F2005JA011306\nLiu JY, Chen YI, Chen CH, Liu CY, Chen CY, Nishihashi M, Li JZ, Xia YQ, Oyama KI, Hattori K, Lin CH (2009) Seismo-ionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies observed before the 12 May 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. J Geophys Res 114:A04320. doi:10.1029\u002F2008JA013698\nLiu JY, Chen YI, Chen CH, Hattori K (2010a) Temporal and spatial precursors in the ionospheric global positioning system (GPS) total electron content observed before the 26 December 2004 M9.3 Sumatra-Andaman erthquake. J Geophys Res 115:2010JA09312. doi:10.1029\u002FA015313\nLiu JY, Chen CH, Chen YI, Yang WH, Oyama KI, Kuo KW (2010b) A statistical study of ionospheric earthquake precursors monitored by using equatorial ionization anomaly of GPS TEC in Taiwan during 2001-2007. J Asian Earth Sci 39:76–80\nLiu JY, Lin CY, Lin CH, Tsai HF, Solomon SC, Sun YY, Lee IT, Schreiner WS, Kuo YH (2010c) Artificial plasma cave in the low-latitude ionosphere results from the radio occultation inversion of the FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC. J Geophys Res 115:A07319. doi:10.1029\u002F2009JA015079\nLiu JY, Le H, Chen YI, Chen CH, Liu L, Wan W, Su YZ, Sun YY, Lin C, Chen MQ (2011a) Observations and simulations of seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies before the 12 January 2010 M7 Haiti earthquake. J Geophys Res 116:A04302. doi:10.1029\u002F2010JA015704\nLiu JY, Chen CH, Lin CH, Tsai HF, Chen CH, Kamogawa M (2011b) Ionospheric disturbances triggered by the 11 March 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake. J Geophys Res 116:A06319. doi:10.1029\u002F2011JA016761\nLiu JY, Sun YY, Kakinami Y, Chen CH, Lin CH, Tsai HF (2011c) Bow and stern waves triggered by the Moon’s shadow boat. Geophys Res Lett 38:L17109. doi:10.1029\u002F2011GL048805\nLiu JY, Chang FY, Oyama KI, Kakinami Y, Yeh HC, Yeh TL, Jiang SB, Parrot M (2015) Topside ionospheric electron temperature and density along the Weddell Sea latitude. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 120:609–614. doi:10.1002\u002F2014JA020227\nLiu JY, Chen SP, Yeh WH, Tsai HF, Rajesh PK (2016) Worst-case GPS scintillations on the ground estimated from radio occultation observations of FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC during 2007–2014. Surv Geophys. doi:10.1007\u002Fs10712-015-9355-x\nMacalalad EP, Tsai LC, Wu J, Liu CH (2012) Application of the TaiWan ionosphere model to single-frequency ionospheric delay corrections for GPS positioning. GPS Solut. doi:10.1007\u002Fs10291-012-0282-8\nMacalalad EP, Tsai LC, Wu J (2014) Performance evaluation of different ionospheric models in single-frequency code-based differential GPS positioning. GPS Solut. doi:10.1007\u002Fs10291-014-0422-4\nOyama KI, Kakinami Y, Liu JY, Kamogawa M, Kodama T (2008) Reduction of electron temperature in low-latitude ionosphere at 600 km before and after large earthquakes. J Geophys Res 113:A11317. doi:10.1029\u002F2008JA013367\nOyama KI, Kakinami Y, Liu JY, Abdu MA, Cheng CZ (2011) Latitudinal distribution of anomalous ion density as a precursor of large earthquake. J Geophys Res 116:A04319. doi:10.1029\u002F2010JA015948\nPan CJ, Das U, Yang SS, Wong CJ, Lai HC (2011) Investigation of Kelvin waves in the stratosphere using FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC temperature data. J Meteor Soc Japan 89(1A):337–350\nShue JH, Chao JK (2013) The role of enhanced thermal pressure in the earthward motion of the earth’s magnetopause. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 118:3017–3026. doi:10.1002\u002Fjgra.50290\nShue JH et al (2011) Uneven compression levels of earth’s magnetic fields by shocked solar wind. J Geophys Res 116:A02203. doi:10.1029\u002F2010JA016149\nShue JH, Hsieh YK, Tam SWY, Wang K, Fu HS, Bortnik J, Tao X, Hsieh WC, Pi G (2015) Local time distributions of repetition periods for rising tone lower band chorus waves in the magnetosphere. Geophys Res Lett 42:8294–8301. doi:10.1002\u002F2015GL066107\nSu SY, Yeh HC, Heelis RA (2001) ROCSAT 1 ionospheric plasma and electrodynamics instrument observations of equatorial spread F: an early transitional scale result. J Geophys Res 106(A12):29153–29159. doi:10.1029\u002F2001JA900109\nSu SY, Yeh HC, Chao CK, Heelis RA (2002) Observation of a large density dropout across the magnetic field at 600 km altitude during the 6–7 April 2000 magnetic storm. J Geophys Res 107(A11):1404. doi:10.1029\u002F2001JA007552\nSu SY, Chao CK, Yeh HC, Heelis RA (2003) Observations of shock impact, disturbance dynamo effect, and a midlatitude large-density depletion at 600 km altitude on the 17 April 2002 storm day. J Geophys Res 108(A8):1310. doi:10.1029\u002F2002JA009752\nSu SY, Yeh HC, Chao CK, Heelis RA (2004) Supercooled ion temperatures observed in the topside ionosphere at dawn meridian during storm periods. J Geophys Res 109:A06307. doi:10.1029\u002F2003JA010139\nSu SY, Chen KY, Wu JM, Yeh HC, Chao CK (2005a) ROCSAT observation of the field line resonance effect in a plasma pulsation at topside ionosphere. J Geophys Res 110:A01303. doi:10.1029\u002F2004JA010539\nSu SY, Chao CK, Yeh HC, Heelis RA (2005b) Seasonal and latitudinal distributions of the dominant light ions at 600 km topside ionosphere from 1999 to 2002. J Geophys Res 110:A01302. doi:10.1029\u002F2004JA010564\nSu SY, Liu CH, Ho HH, Chao CK (2006) Distribution characteristics of topside ionospheric density irregularities: equatorial vs. midlatitude regions. J Geophys Res 111:A06305. doi:10.1029\u002F2005JA011330\nSu SY, Chao CK, Liu CH, Ho HH (2007a) Meridional wind effect on anti-solar activity correlation of equatorial density irregularity distribution. J Geophys Res 112:A10305. doi:10.1029\u002F2007JA012261\nSu SY, Tsunoda RT, Liu CH, Chao CK, Wu JM (2007b) ROCSAT observations of topside ionospheric undulations and irregularities at low to middle latitudes. J Geophys Res 112:A11309. doi:10.1029\u002F2007JA012371\nSu SY, Chao CK, Liu CH (2008) On monthly\u002Fseasonal\u002Flongitudinal variations of equatorial irregularity occurrences and their relationship with the postsunset vertical drift velocities. J Geophys Res 113:A05307. doi:10.1029\u002F2007JA012809\nSu SY, Chao CK, Liu CH (2009) Cause of different local time distribution in the postsunset equatorial ionospheric irregularity occurrences between June and December solstices. J Geophys Res 114:A04321. doi:10.1029\u002F2008JA013858\nSu SY, Chen MQ, Chao CK, Liu CH (2010) Global, seasonal, and local time variations of ion density structure at the low-latitude ionosphere and their relationship to the postsunset equatorial irregularity occurrences. J Geophys Res 115:A02309. doi:10.1029\u002F2009JA014339\nSu CL, Chen HC, Chu YH, Chung MZ, Kuong RM, Lin TH, Tzeng KJ, Wang CY, Wu KH, Yang KF (2014) Meteor radar wind over Chung-Li (24.9°N, 121°E), Taiwan, for the period 10–25 November 2012 which includes Leonid meteor shower: comparison with empirical model and satellite measurements. Radio Sci. doi:10.1002\u002F2013RS005273\nSun YY, Oyama KI, Liu JY, Jhuang HK, Cheng CZ (2011) The neutral temperature in the ionospheric dynamo region and the ionospheric F region density during Wenchuan and Pingtung Doublet earthquakes. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 11:1759–1768. doi:10.5194\u002Fnhess-11-1759-2011\nSun YY, Liu JY, Lin CH (2012) A statistical study of low latitude F region irregularities at Brazilian longitudinal sector response to geomagnetic storms during post-sunset hours in solar cycle 23. J Geophys Res 117:A03333. doi:10.1029\u002F2011JA017419\nSun YY, Matsuo T, Araujo-Pradere EA, Liu JY (2013) Ground-based GPS observation of SED-associated irregularities over CONUS. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 118:2478–2489. doi:10.1029\u002F2012JA018103\nSun YY, Matsuo T, Maruyama N, Liu JY (2015) Field-aligned neutral wind bias correction scheme for global ionospheric modeling at midlatitudes by assimilating FORMOSAT-3\u002FCOSMIC hmF2data under geomagnetically quiet conditions. J Geophys Res Sp Phys 120:3130–3149. doi:10.1002\u002F2014JA020768\nTsai LC, Liu CH, Hsiao TY, Huang JY (2009) A near real-time phenomenological model of ionospheric electron density based on GPS radio occultation data. 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