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Iontophoresis of methionine-enkephalin in the locus coerulus area.Brain Research 129, 366–90.",{"VOID":575},"10.1007\u002FBF02284846","2024-09-04T18:16:37.100+00:00","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002FBF02284846",[579,595,608],{"id":580,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":581,"affiliations":583,"properties":592,"displayName":594,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"58e20db8-d0b7-4835-a060-06d6c2c5007d",[582],"AUTHOR",[584],{"id":585,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":586,"properties":20},"91405d1e-0333-4cbb-91ca-2e2d2783eea3",{"id":585,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":587,"slug":20,"properties":588,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":591,"statistic":20},[],{"title":589},{"VI":590},"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, USA",[],{"title":593},{"VI":594},"Virginia M. Pickel",{"id":596,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":20,"roles":597,"affiliations":598,"properties":605,"displayName":607,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"02bf4382-f977-4ef4-b622-db6ec9ee62f5",[582],[599],{"id":585,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":600,"properties":20},{"id":585,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":601,"slug":20,"properties":602,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":604,"statistic":20},[],{"title":603},{"VI":590},[],{"title":606},{"VI":607},"Melissa J. Nirenberg",{"id":609,"sortIndex":205,"researcher":20,"roles":610,"affiliations":611,"properties":618,"displayName":620,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"60881db9-a5ac-4505-aab8-46c52e64c728",[582],[612],{"id":585,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":613,"properties":20},{"id":585,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":614,"slug":20,"properties":615,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":617,"statistic":20},[],{"title":616},{"VI":590},[],{"title":619},{"VI":620},"Teresa A. Milner",{"url":577,"publisher":622,"properties":642},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":623,"slug":10,"properties":624,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":628,"manageAffiliations":629,"indexDatabases":630,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":637,"gsStatistic":20,"type":20,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":625,"title":626,"eissn":627},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},{"VOID":17},[],[],[631],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":632,"url":37,"indexYears":38,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":39},{"id":28,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":633,"label":634,"description":635,"key":34,"publicationTags":636,"standard":20},[],{"EN":31,"VI":31},{"EN":31,"VI":33},[36],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":638,"i10Index":42,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":43,"totalPublicationByYear":639,"totalCitation":70,"totalCitationByYear":640,"totalCitationPerPublication":100,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":641,"hindexLast5Year":130,"hindex":130},{},{"1972":45,"1973":46,"1974":47,"1975":48,"1976":49,"1977":50,"1978":51,"1979":52,"1980":53,"1981":54,"1982":55,"1983":53,"1984":50,"1985":56,"1986":57,"1987":58,"1988":59,"1989":60,"1990":61,"1991":62,"1992":57,"1993":63,"1994":55,"1995":64,"1996":51,"1997":52,"1998":57,"1999":60,"2000":57,"2001":65,"2002":64,"2003":66,"2004":67,"2005":68,"2006":69},{"1972":72,"1973":73,"1974":74,"1975":75,"1976":76,"1977":77,"1978":78,"1979":79,"1980":80,"1981":81,"1982":82,"1983":83,"1984":84,"1985":85,"1986":86,"1987":87,"1988":88,"1989":89,"1990":90,"1991":91,"1992":92,"1993":93,"1994":94,"1995":95,"1996":96,"2003":97,"2004":98,"2005":99},{"1972":102,"1973":103,"1974":104,"1975":105,"1976":106,"1977":107,"1978":108,"1979":109,"1980":110,"1981":111,"1982":112,"1983":113,"1984":114,"1985":115,"1986":116,"1987":117,"1988":118,"1989":119,"1990":120,"1991":121,"1992":122,"1993":123,"1994":124,"1995":125,"1996":126,"2003":127,"2004":128,"2005":129},{"pages":643,"volume":645},{"VOID":644},"843-856",{"VOID":646},"25","1996-01-01",1996,[39],{"id":651,"createTime":652,"updateTime":653,"relativeEntities":654,"slug":655,"properties":656,"entityType":154,"verifyStatus":155,"verifyTime":667,"verifyNote":157,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":668,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":669,"publicationType":255,"publisherRelationship":752,"citationCount":59,"citationInfo":778,"publishDate":782,"publishYear":779,"citationAnalyzeStatus":783,"lastCitationAnalyze":784,"indexDatabases":785,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":561},"0af4c230-c74d-4f1b-810d-46350b687b24","2023-12-02T10:01:49.637+00:00","2026-07-29T20:20:32.986+00:00",[],"Chemoarchitectonic-heterogeneities-in-the-primate-zona-incerta-Clinical-and-functional-implications",{"abstract":657,"title":659,"gsPaper":661,"references":663,"doi":665},{"EN":658},"In view of the recent focus on the zona incerta (and surrounding regions) as a target for deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson Disease, we have explored incertal cyto and chemoarchitecture in normal and MPTP (methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-treated macaque monkeys. Brains were processed for routine tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nitric oxide synthase (NOs), parvalbumin (Pv) and calbindin D 28k (Cal) immunocytochemistry, as well as for Nissl staining. We show four main sectors in the zona incerta, namely rostral, dorsal, ventral and caudal, each with a largely distinct cytoarchitecture. Each of the antibodies screened had signature distribution patterns across the zona incerta; TH+ cells were localised within the rostral sector, NOs+ cells were concentrated in the dorsal sector, Pv+ cells were found mainly in the ventral sector and Cal+ cells were distributed uniformly across all sectors. These patterns match closely those reported in non primates. We found no major differences in the distribution and shape of labelled cells in the zona incerta of MPTP-treated monkeys when compared to control. In conclusion, we report that the primate zona incerta shows considerable cyto and chemoarchitectonic heterogeneity; that it forms a nucleus with distinct sectors presumably associated with diverse functions--from generating arousal to shifting attention, and from controlling visceral activity to influencing posture and locomotion. These functions have been proposed for the zona incerta of non primates. Our results have clinical implications, in that deep brain stimulation of the zona incerta (or parts thereof) could manifest in signs and symptoms other than those associated with the motor system. Such clinical stimulations could well involve other systems, including those of arousal, attention and visceral control.",{"EN":660},"Chemoarchitectonic heterogeneities in the primate zona incerta: Clinical and functional implications",{"VOID":662},"[\"6033924393403506578\"]",{"VOID":664},"Ashkan, K., Wallace, B. A., Mitrofanis, J., Brard, B. Y., Fagret, D. & Benabid, A. L. (2004) MPTP modelling of Parkinson Disease: A behavioural, SPECT imaging and immunohistological correlative study. European Journal of Neuroscience submitted.\nBarker, D. A. & Dreher, B. (1998) Spatiotemporal patterns of ontogenetic expression of parvalbumin in the superior colliculi of rats and rabbits. Journal of Comparative Neurology 393, 210–230.\nBenabid, A. L., Pollack, P., Gross, C., Hoffmann, D., Benazzouz, A. & Gao, D. M. (1994) Acute and long-term effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson Disease. Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery 62, 76–84.\nBenabid, A. L., Benazzouz, A. & Pollak, P. (2002) Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. Movement Disorders 17, S73–S74.\nBenazzouz, A., Boraud, T., Dubedat, P., Boireau, A., Stutzmann, J. M. & Gross, C. (1995) Riluzole prevents MPTP-induced parkinsonism in the rhesus monkey: Apilot study. European Journal of Pharmacology 284, 299–307.\nBergman, H., Wichmann, T., Karmon, B. & Delong, M. R. (1994) The primate subthalamic nucleus. II. Neuronal activity in the MPTP model of parkinsonism. Journal of Neurophysiology 72, 507–520.\nBerry, D. J., Ohara, P. T., Jeffrey, G. & Lieberman, A. R. (1986) Are there connections between the thalamic reticular nucleus and the brainstem reticular formation? Journal of Comparative Neurology 243, 347–362.\nBezard, E., Boraud, T., Bioulac, B. & Gross, C. E. (1999) Involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in glutamatergic compensatory mechanisms. European Journal of Neuroscience 11, 2167–2170.\nFicalora, A. S. & Mize, R. R. (1989) The neurones of the substantia nigra and the zona incerta which project to the cat superior colliculus are GABA immunoreactive: A double label study using GABA immunocytochemistry and lectin retrograde transport. Neuroscience 29, 567–581.\nGunluk, A. E., Bickford, M. E. & Sherman, S. M. (1994) Rearing with monocular lid suture induces abnormal NADPH-diaphorase staining in the lateral genicu-late nucleus of cats. Journal of Comparative Neurology 350, 215–228.\nHeise, C. E. & Mitrofanis, J. (2003) Evidence for a glutamatergic projection from the zona incerta to the basal ganglia in rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology 468, 482–495.\nHenderson, J. M., Pell, M., O'sullivan, D. J., Mccusker, E., Fung, V., Phedges, F. & Halliday, G. (2002) Postmortem analysis of bilateral Sub electrode implants in PD. Movement Disorders 17, 133–137.\nKawana, E. & Watanabe, K. (1981) A cytoarchitectonic study of zona incerta in the rat. Journal Hirnforsch 22, 535–541.\nKim, U., Gregory, E. & Hall, W. C. (1992) Pathway from the zona incerta to the superior colliculus in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 321, 555–575.\nKÖhler, C. & Swanson, L. W. (1984) Acetylcholinesterase-containing cells in the lateral hypothalamic area are immunoreactive for alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and have cortical projections in the rat. Neuroscience Letters 49, 39–43.\nKolmac, C. I. & Mitrofanis, J. (1999a) Distribution of various neurochemicals within ZI: An immunocytochemical and histochemical study. Anatomy & Embryology 199, 265–280.\nKolmac, C. I. & Mitrofanis, J. (1999b) Organisation of the basal forebrain projection to the thalamus in rats. Neuroscience Letters 272, 151–154.\nKolmac, C. I., Power, B. D. & Mitrofanis, J. (1998) Patterns of connections between zona incerta and brainstem in rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology 396, 544–555.\nMa, T. P., Hu, X.-J., Anavi, Y. & Rafols, J. A. (1992) Organisation of the zona incerta in the macaque: A Nissl and Golgi study. Journal of Comparative Neurology 320, 273–290.\nMa, T. P. (1996) Saccade-related omnivectoral pause neurones in the primate the zona incerta. Neuroreport 7, 2713–2716.\nMay, P. J., Sun, W. & Halls, W. C. (1997) Reciprocal connections between the zona incerta and the pretectum and superior colliculus of the cat. Neuroscience 77, 1091–1114.\nMitrofanis, J. & Mikuletic, L. (1999) Organisation of the cortical projection to the zona incerta of the thalamus. Journal of Comparative Neurology 412, 173–185.\nMok, D. & Mogenson, G. J. (1986) Contribution of ZI to osmotically induced drinking in rats. American Journal of Physiology 251, 823–832.\nNandi, D., Aziz, T. Z., Liu, X. & Stein, J. F. (2002) Brainstem motor loops in control of movement. Movement Disorders 17, 22–7.\nNicolelis, M. A., Chapin, J. K. & Lin, R. C. (1995) Development of direct GABAergic projections from the zona incerta to the somatosensory cortex of the rat. Neuroscience 65, 609–631.\nPaxinos, G., Huang, X. F. & Toga, A. W. (1998) The Rhesus Monkey Brain. In Stereotaxic Coordinates. San Diego USA: Academic Press.\nPÈrier, C., Vila, M., FÉger, J., Agid, Y. & Hirsh, E. C. (2000) Functional activity of the zona incerta is altered after nigrostriatal denervation in hemiparkinsonian rats. Experimental Neurology 162, 215.\nPower, B. D. & Mitrofanis, J. (2001) Zona incerta: Substrate for contralateral interconnectivity in the thalamus of rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology 436, 52–63.\nPower, B. D., Kolmac, C. I. & Mitrofanis, J. (1999) Evidence for a large projection from the zona incerta to the dorsal thalamus. Journal of Comparative Neurology 404, 554–565.\nReardon, F. M. & Mitrofanis, J. (2000) Organisation of amygdalothalamic pathways in rats. Anatomy & Embryology 201, 75–84.\nRoger M. & Cadusseau, J. (1985) Afferents to the zona incerta in the rat: A combined retrograde and anterograde study. Journal of Comparative Neurology 241, 480–492.\nRomanowski, C. A. J., Mitchell, I. J. & Crossman, A. R. (1985) The organisation of the efferent projections of the zona incerta. Journal of Anatomy 143, 75–95.\nSaper. C. B. (1984) Organisation of cerebral cortical afferent systems in the rat. II. Magnocellular basal nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology 222, 313–342.\nShammah-Lagnado, S. J., Negrao, N. & Ricardo, J. A. (1985) Afferent connections of the zona incerta: A horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. Neuroscience 15, 109–134.\nShaw, V. E. & Mitrofanis, J. (2001) Lamination of spinal cells projecting to zona incerta in rats. Journal of Neurocytology 30, 695–704.\nShaw, V. E & Mitrofanis, J. (2002) Anatomical evidence for somatotopic maps in zona incerta of rat. Anatomy & Embryology 206, 119–130.\nShiosaka, S., Kawai, Y., Shibasaki, T. & Tohyama, M. (1985) The descending alpha-MSHergic (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-ergic) projections from the zona incerta and lateral hypothalamic area to the inferior colliculus and spinal cord in the rat. Brain Research 338, 371–375.\nSkinner, R.D., Kinjo, N., Henderson, V. & Garcia-Rill, E. (1990) Locomotor projections from the pedunculopontine nucleus to the spinal cord. Neuroreport 1, 183–186.\nTanaka, J. & Seto, K. (1988) Lateral hypothalamic area and paraventricular nucleus connections with subfornical organ neurons: An electrophysiological study in the rat. Neuroscience Research 6, 45–52.\nTonelli, L. & Chiaraviglio, E. (1995) Dopaminergic neurons in the zona incerta modulates ingestive behaviour in rats. Physiology and Behaviour 58, 725–729.\nVaccaro, T. & Mitrofanis, J. (1997) Does the reticular thalamic nucleus project to the midbrain? Journal of Neurocytology 26, 223–239.\nVoges, J., Volkmann, J., Allert, N., Lehrke, R., Koulousakis, A., Freund, H. J. & Sturm, V. (2002) Bilateral high frequency stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson disease: Correlation of therapeutic effect with anatomical electrode position. Journal of Neurology 96, 269–279.\nWallace, B. A., Ashkan, K., Mitrofanis, J., Brard, B. Y., Fagret, D. & Benabid, A. L. (2004) The protective effect of subthalamotomy on nigral degeneration in MPTP-treated primates. Movement Disorders 19(S9), 42.\nWagner, C. K., Eaton, M. J., Moore, K. E. & Lookingland, K. J. (1995) Efferent projections from the region of the medial zona incerta containing A13 dopaminergic neurones: A PHAL anterograde tract-tracing study in the rat. Brain Research 677, 229–237.",{"VOID":666},"10.1023\u002FB:NEUR.0000046573.28081.dd","2024-06-24T18:58:50.053+00:00","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1023\u002FB:NEUR.0000046573.28081.dd",[670,695,717,739],{"id":671,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":672,"affiliations":673,"properties":690,"displayName":692,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"f5613f45-ee80-4980-8ec8-8ab5ef1ce449",[582],[674,682],{"id":675,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":676,"properties":20},"9efcd19b-076a-4566-8fd6-c211b5f21c46",{"id":675,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":677,"slug":20,"properties":678,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":681,"statistic":20},[],{"title":679},{"VI":680},"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France;",[],{"id":683,"sortIndex":189,"affiliation":684,"properties":20},"b3b43a3d-b728-4228-a4be-6d5681c5c06b",{"id":683,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":685,"slug":20,"properties":686,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":689,"statistic":20},[],{"title":687},{"VI":688},"Department of Anatomy & Histology, University of Sydney, Australia",[],{"title":691,"gsAuthor":693},{"VI":692},"John Mitrofanis",{"VOID":694},"[\"cLaRoQcAAAAJ\"]",{"id":696,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":20,"roles":697,"affiliations":698,"properties":714,"displayName":716,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"b2c9e130-2cfb-4dae-bc67-71dbcc7804d0",[582],[699,705],{"id":675,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":700,"properties":20},{"id":675,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":701,"slug":20,"properties":702,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":704,"statistic":20},[],{"title":703},{"VI":680},[],{"id":706,"sortIndex":189,"affiliation":707,"properties":713},"f1cf9d51-6a23-4cbe-97dd-71406752334f",{"id":706,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":708,"slug":20,"properties":709,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":712,"statistic":20},[],{"title":710},{"VI":711},"Department of Neurosurgery, University of London, London, England",[],{},{"title":715},{"VI":716},"Keyoumars Ashkan",{"id":718,"sortIndex":205,"researcher":20,"roles":719,"affiliations":720,"properties":736,"displayName":738,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"3c0961d3-09c0-4b58-ac46-7e017dcb3525",[582],[721,727],{"id":675,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":722,"properties":20},{"id":675,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":723,"slug":20,"properties":724,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":726,"statistic":20},[],{"title":725},{"VI":680},[],{"id":728,"sortIndex":189,"affiliation":729,"properties":735},"cb13e7d7-fcf1-41b8-88bf-2bba4412d62e",{"id":728,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":730,"slug":20,"properties":731,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":734,"statistic":20},[],{"title":732},{"VI":733},"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA",[],{},{"title":737},{"VI":738},"Bradley A. 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Only a few morphological abnormalities, i.e. reduction in axon calibre and myelin sheath thickness, and aberrant Schwann cell-axon contacts, have been reported. Here, we document a consistent difference betweenshi andwild type (wt) myelinated sciatic nerve fibres. The number of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures seen in longitudinally and transversely-sectioned sciatic nerves, or in teased fibres stained for the presence of F-actin, is dramatically increased in homozygousshi mice. With both methods, a twofold increase in Schmidt-Lanterman incisure number is seen in 15-day-old mice, the earliest time examined. The increase is slightly greater in nerve fibres from 30- and 90-day-old mice. The overproduction of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures inshi occurs in spite of the fact that the mean diameter of myelinated fibres inshi sciatic nerves is smaller than inwt sciatic nerves. These results lead us to suggest that the increase in Schmidt-Lanterman incisure density inshi compensates for a defect in Schwann cell-axon communication.",{"EN":796},"The number of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures is more than doubled inshiverer PNS myelin sheaths",{"VOID":798},"[\"932501917085924163\"]",{"VOID":800},"10.1007\u002FBF01181552","2024-05-01T11:02:26.570+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF01181552",[804,819,834],{"id":805,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":806,"affiliations":807,"properties":816,"displayName":818,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"48e2a239-885c-4de1-9aef-abdeb49da219",[582],[808],{"id":809,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":810,"properties":20},"b9db4c41-c74f-4587-b877-30a0f0200b4c",{"id":809,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":811,"slug":20,"properties":812,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":815,"statistic":20},[],{"title":813},{"VI":814},"Laboratory of Membrane Biology, N.Y.S. Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, USA",[],{"title":817},{"VI":818},"Robert M. Gould",{"id":820,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":20,"roles":821,"affiliations":822,"properties":831,"displayName":833,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"47429cb5-1b5b-473b-a306-8f2ca73e085f",[582],[823],{"id":824,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":825,"properties":20},"59aeebee-75f4-41b6-9d97-75157a4408f1",{"id":824,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":826,"slug":20,"properties":827,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":830,"statistic":20},[],{"title":828},{"VI":829},"Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA",[],{"title":832},{"VI":833},"Anne L. 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L. &Carson, J. H. (1983) The effect of the shiverer mutation on myelin basic protein expression in homozygous and heterozygous animals.Journal of Neurochemistry 40, 1680–6.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":887},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":883,"text":889,"url":885,"identifiers":890},"Bennett, V. &Gilligan, D. M. (1993) The spectrin-based membrane skeleton and micron-scale organization of the plasma membrane.Annual Review of Cell Biology 9, 27–66.",{"doi":887},{"id":883,"text":892,"url":885,"identifiers":893},"Bergoffen, J., Scherer, S. S., Wang, S., Oronzi Scott, M., Bone, L. J., Paul, D. L., Chen, K., Lensch, M. W., Chance, P. F. &Fishbeck, K. H. (1993) Connexin mutations in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.Science 262, 2039–42.",{"doi":887},{"id":883,"text":895,"url":885,"identifiers":896},"Berthold, C.-H. (1978) Morphology of normal peripheral axons. InPhysiology and Pathobiology of Axons (edited byWaxman, S. G.) pp. 3–63. New York: Raven Press.",{"doi":887},{"id":20,"text":898,"url":20,"identifiers":899},"Billings-Gagliardi, S. &Wolf, M. K. (1990) Implications of double mutant phenotypes.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 605, 215–29.",{},{"id":883,"text":901,"url":885,"identifiers":902},"Blakemore, W. F. (1969) Schmidt-Lanterman incisures in the central nervous system.Journal of Ultrastructure Research 29, 496–8.",{"doi":887},{"id":883,"text":904,"url":885,"identifiers":905},"Campagnoni, A. T., Pribyl, T. M., Campagnoni, C. W., Kampf, K., Amur-Umarjee, S., Landry, C. F., Handlet, V. W., Newman, S. L., Garbay, B. &Kitamura, K. (1993) Structure and developmental regulation ofGolli-mbp, a 105-kilobase gene that encompasses the myelin basic protein gene and is expressed in cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage in the brain.Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 4930–8.",{"doi":887},{"id":883,"text":907,"url":885,"identifiers":908},"Chernoff, G. F. 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(1991)The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: Neurons and their Supporting Cells New York: Oxford University Press.",{},{"id":883,"text":1012,"url":885,"identifiers":1013},"Peterson, A. C. &Bray, G. M. (1984) Hypomyelination in the peripheral nervous system of shiverer mice and in shiverer-normal chimaera.Journal of Comparative Neurology 227, 348–56.",{"doi":887},{"id":883,"text":1015,"url":885,"identifiers":1016},"Pinner, B., Davison, J. F. &Campbell, J. B. (1964) Alkaline phosphatase in peripheral nerve.Science 145, 936–8.",{"doi":887},{"id":883,"text":1018,"url":885,"identifiers":1019},"Price, R. L., Lasek, R. J. &Katz, M. J. (1990) Internal áxonal cytoarchitecture is shaped locally by external compressive forces.Brain Research 530, 205–14.",{"doi":887},{"id":883,"text":1021,"url":885,"identifiers":1022},"Privat, A., Jacque, C., Bourre, J.-M., Dupouey, P. &Baumann, N. 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(1993) A new family of transcripts of the myelin basic protein gene: expression in brain and in immune system.Glia 60, 1574–7.",{"doi":887},{"id":1057,"createTime":1058,"updateTime":1059,"relativeEntities":1060,"slug":1061,"properties":1062,"entityType":154,"verifyStatus":155,"verifyTime":1073,"verifyNote":157,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1074,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1075,"publicationType":255,"publisherRelationship":1179,"citationCount":1205,"citationInfo":1206,"publishDate":1214,"publishYear":1207,"citationAnalyzeStatus":879,"lastCitationAnalyze":1215,"indexDatabases":1216,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":561},"92838d4d-18bb-4002-812c-c60b11fffe20","2024-02-10T17:41:11.958+00:00","2026-07-25T00:10:39.350+00:00",[],"Synaptic-connections-of-enkephalin-immunoreactive-nerve-terminals-in-the-neostriatum-a-correlated-light-and-electron-microscopic-study",{"abstract":1063,"title":1065,"gsPaper":1067,"references":1069,"doi":1071},{"EN":1064},"Two different antisera to leucine-enkephalin were used to study the localization of enkephalin-like immunoreactive material in the neostriatum and globus pallidus of the rat, by means of the unlabelled antibody-enzyme method. Thin immunoreactive varicose fibres are scattered throughout the neostriatum. In the ventral striatum, fibres come together and follow a relatively straight course for several micrometers, forming tube-like structures which can be traced to cell bodies; these cell bodies are completely surrounded by immunoreactive fibres. Occasional immunoreactive varicose fibres are also found close to another type of neuron throughout the whole neostriatum. Examination by electron microscopy of immunoreactive structures that had been identified first in the light microscope, showed that each of the nearly 200 varicosities examined was a vesicle-containing bouton that formed a synaptic contact. Rarely were asymmetrical synaptic contacts found between immunoreactive boutons and dendritic spines. All other synapses formed by enkephalin-immunoreactive boutons were symmetrical. Two types of postsynaptic neuron were identified; the first type was a medium-sized neuron with the ultrastructural features of a typical striatal spiny neuron. The second type had a larger perikaryon surrounded by numerous immunoreactive varicosities that were found to be boutons forming symmetrical synapses. The long dendrites of this second type of neuron likewise received a dense input of immunoreactive boutons forming symmetrical synapses; such ensheathed dendrites were found to be the tube-like structures seen in the light microscope. The ultrastructural features of these neurons, notably a highly indented nucleus, were those of a rare type of striatonigral neuron. In the globus pallidus, all the enkaphalin-immunoreactive boutons studied formed symmetrical synapses with ensheathed dendrites and perikarya that were similar to the latter type of postsynaptic neuron in the neostriatum. Axo-axonic synapses involving immunoreactive boutons were not seen in our material. 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InChemical Signals in Vertebrates (edited byMüller-Schwarze, D. andMozell, M. M.), pp. 435?54. New York: Plenum Press.",{"doi":1323},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4684-2364-8_24",{"id":20,"text":1325,"url":20,"identifiers":1326},"Graziadei, P. P. C. &Monti Graziadei, G. A. (1978) Continuous nerve cell renewal in the olfactory system. InHandbook of Sensory Physiology Vol. IX (edited byJacobson, M.), pp. 55?83. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag.",{},{"id":20,"text":1328,"url":20,"identifiers":1329},"Graziadei, P. P. C. &Monti Graziadei, G. A. (1979) Neurogenesis and neuron regeneration in the olfactory system of mammals. I. Morphological aspects of differentiation and structural organization of the olfactory sensory neurons.Journal of Neurocytology 8, 1?18.",{"doi":1330},"10.1007\u002FBF01206454",{"id":20,"text":1332,"url":20,"identifiers":1333},"Hanna, R. B., Hirano, A. &Pappas, G. D. (1976) Membrane specializations of dendritic spines and glia in the weaver mouse cerebellum: A freeze-fracture study.Journal of Cell Biology 68, 403?10.",{"doi":1334},"10.1083\u002Fjcb.68.3.403",{"id":20,"text":1336,"url":20,"identifiers":1337},"Hatton, J. D. &Ellisman, M. H. (1981) The distribution of orthogonal arrays and their relationship to intercellular junctions in neuroglia of freeze-fractured hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.Cell and Tissue Research 215, 309?23.",{"doi":1338},"10.1007\u002FBF00239117",{"id":20,"text":1340,"url":20,"identifiers":1341},"Hatton, J. D. &Ellisman, M. H. (1982) The distribution of orthogonal arrays in the freeze-fractured rat median eminence.Journal of Neurocytology 11, 335?49.",{"doi":1342},"10.1007\u002FBF01258250",{"id":20,"text":1344,"url":20,"identifiers":1345},"Kerjaschki, D. &HÖrandner, H. (1976) The development of mouse olfactory vesicles and their cell contacts: A freeze-etching study.Journal of Ultrastructure Research 54, 420?44.",{"doi":1346},"10.1016\u002FS0022-5320(76)80027-5",{"id":20,"text":1348,"url":20,"identifiers":1349},"Landis, D. M. D. &Reese, T. S. (1974) Arrays of. particles in freeze-fractured astrocytic membranes.Journal of Cell Biology 60, 316?20.",{"doi":1350},"10.1083\u002Fjcb.60.1.316",{"id":20,"text":1352,"url":20,"identifiers":1353},"Landis, D. M. D. &Reese, T. S. (1981) Astrocyte membrane structure: Changes after circulatory arrest.Journal of Cell Biology 88, 660?3.",{"doi":1354},"10.1083\u002Fjcb.88.3.660",{"id":20,"text":1356,"url":20,"identifiers":1357},"Mendoza, A. S. &Breipohl, W. (1983) The cell coat of the olfactory epithelium proper and vomeronasal neuroepithelium in the rat as revealed by means of the ruthenium red reaction.Cell and Tissue Research 230, 139?46.",{"doi":1358},"10.1007\u002FBF00216034",{"id":20,"text":1360,"url":20,"identifiers":1361},"Miragall, F., Breipohl, W. &Bhatnagar, K. P. (1979) Ultrastructural investigation on the cell membranes of the vomeronasal organ in the rat: a freeze-etching study.Cell and Tissue Research 200, 397?408.",{"doi":1362},"10.1007\u002FBF00234851",{"id":20,"text":1364,"url":20,"identifiers":1365},"Miragall, F. &Mendoza, A. S. (1982) Intercellular junctions in the rat vomeronasal neuroepithelium. A freeze-fracture study.Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology 14, 597?605.",{},{"id":20,"text":1367,"url":20,"identifiers":1368},"Miragall, F., Mendoza, A. S. &Breipohl, W. (1983) Intercellular junctions of the main and vomeronasal olfactory sensory epithelia in rodents. A freeze-fracture study.Verhandlungen der Anatomischen Gesellschaft in press.",{},{"id":20,"text":1370,"url":20,"identifiers":1371},"Moulton, D. G. &Beidler, L. M. (1967) Structure and function in the peripheral olfactory system.Physiological Reviews 47, 1?52.",{"doi":1372},"10.1152\u002Fphysrev.1967.47.1.1",{"id":20,"text":1374,"url":20,"identifiers":1375},"Privat, A. (1977) The ependyma and subependymal layer of the young rat: A new contribution with freeze-fracture.Neuroscience 2, 447?57.",{"doi":1376},"10.1016\u002F0306-4522(77)90010-0",{"id":20,"text":1378,"url":20,"identifiers":1379},"Rash, J. E., Staehelin, L. A. &Ellisman, M. H. (1974) Rectangular arrays of particles on freeze cleaved plasma membranes are not gap junctions.Experimental Cell Research 86, 187?90.",{"doi":1380},"10.1016\u002F0014-4827(74)90670-3",{"id":20,"text":1382,"url":20,"identifiers":1383},"Raviola, E. (1976) Intercellular junctions in the outer plexiform layer of the retina.Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 15, 881?95.",{},{"id":20,"text":1385,"url":20,"identifiers":1386},"Reale, E., Luciano, L. &Spitznas, N. (1974) Introduction to freeze-fracture method in retinal research.Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 192, 73?87.",{"doi":1387},"10.1007\u002FBF00410695",{"id":20,"text":1389,"url":20,"identifiers":1390},"Reale, E., Luciano, L. &Spitznas, N. (1978) Communicating junctions of the human sensory retina. A freeze-fracture study.Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 208, 77?92.",{"doi":1391},"10.1007\u002FBF00406984",{"id":20,"text":1393,"url":20,"identifiers":1394},"Robenek, H. &Greven, H. (1980) Orthogonal arrays of intramembranous particles in the basal plasma membranes of the epidermis of larvalSalamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela).Journal of Ultrastructure Research 72, 119?22.",{"doi":1395},"10.1016\u002FS0022-5320(80)90141-0",{"id":20,"text":1397,"url":20,"identifiers":1398},"Usukura, J. &Yamada, E. (1978) Observations on the cytolemma of the olfactory receptor cell in the newt. I. Freeze replica analysis.Cell and Tissue Research 188, 83?98.",{"doi":1399},"10.1007\u002FBF00220516",{"id":20,"text":1401,"url":20,"identifiers":1402},"Winans, S. S. &Powers, J. B. (1977) Olfactory and vomeronasal deafferentiation of male hamsters: Histological and behavioral analysis.Brain Research 126, 325?44.",{"doi":1403},"10.1016\u002F0006-8993(77)90729-6",{"id":20,"text":1405,"url":20,"identifiers":1406},"Wysocki, C. J. (1979) Neurobehavioral evidence for involvement of the vomeronasal system in mammalian reproduction.Neurosciences and Biobehavioral Reviews 3, 301?42.",{"doi":1407},"10.1016\u002F0149-7634(79)90015-0",{"id":1409,"createTime":1410,"updateTime":1411,"relativeEntities":1412,"slug":1413,"properties":1414,"entityType":154,"verifyStatus":155,"verifyTime":1425,"verifyNote":157,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1426,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1427,"publicationType":255,"publisherRelationship":1529,"citationCount":21,"citationInfo":1555,"publishDate":1558,"publishYear":1556,"citationAnalyzeStatus":879,"lastCitationAnalyze":1559,"indexDatabases":1560,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":561},"3c58e390-48dc-44fa-80c1-a894607c097d","2023-11-26T05:52:44.922+00:00","2026-07-22T05:43:10.295+00:00",[],"Expression-of-alpha-synuclein-in-non-apoptotic-slowly-degenerating-facial-motoneurones",{"abstract":1415,"title":1417,"gsPaper":1419,"references":1421,"doi":1423},{"EN":1416},"The discovery that missense mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene represent a rare genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) has had significant impact on the development of research into neurodegenerative disorders. It is becoming increasingly clear that alpha-synuclein plays a central role in the pathological process, which causes Lewy body formation and neurodegeneration in PD. Importantly, there is evidence to suggest that mutated alpha-synuclein is toxic to both nerve cells and glia. However, the regulation and function of wild-type alpha-synuclein are as yet ill defined. Using the facial nerve axotomy model, we have addressed the question whether the expression of alpha-synuclein in nerve cells may change in response to injury. We were particularly interested in testing the hypothesis that the severity of neuronal injury had an effect on alpha-synuclein metabolism. Facial nerve cut and crush, respectively, were performed in adult rats where normal facial motoneurones do not express alpha-synuclein. Following axotomy, a subset of facial motoneurones newly expressed high levels of alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in their cell body and, occasionally, their nucleus. Significantly more nerve cells were labelled following facial nerve transection than following facial nerve crush. Confocal microscopy revealed a granular pattern of alpha-synuclein aggregation in degenerating nerve cells. Interestingly, the observed cell death phenotype was clearly non-apoptotic and developed over days or weeks rather than hours. Thus, axotomy of adult rat facial motoneurones triggers de novo expression of alpha-synuclein and this expression is associated with a non-apoptotic, slow form a neurodegeneration. In addition, the extent of alpha-synuclein expression is related to the severity of neuronal injury.",{"EN":1418},"Expression of alpha-synuclein in non-apoptotic, slowly degenerating facial motoneurones",{"VOID":1420},"[\"15313310707945771886\"]",{"VOID":1422},"Abeliovich, A., Schmitz, Y., Farinas, I., Choilundberg, D., Ho, W. H., Castillo, P. E., Shinsky, N., Verdugo, J. M., Armanini, M., Ryan, A., Hynes, M., Phillips, H., Sulzer, D. & Rosenthal, A. 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Brain Research 866, 33–43.",{"VOID":1424},"10.1023\u002FA:1015697318437","2024-05-12T17:18:30.940+00:00","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1023\u002FA:1015697318437",[1428,1443,1456,1471,1486,1501,1516],{"id":1429,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1430,"affiliations":1431,"properties":1440,"displayName":1442,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"fecf30a5-344c-42e4-99a8-32f34a81a9ee",[582],[1432],{"id":1433,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1434,"properties":20},"edc77f5b-9648-4e1a-a7b2-39489c8595d9",{"id":1433,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1435,"slug":20,"properties":1436,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1439,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1437},{"VI":1438},"Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK",[],{"title":1441},{"VI":1442},"L. B. Moran",{"id":1444,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":20,"roles":1445,"affiliations":1446,"properties":1453,"displayName":1455,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"9228dc54-0fed-43fa-9848-fa9f1d6057c3",[582],[1447],{"id":1433,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1448,"properties":20},{"id":1433,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1449,"slug":20,"properties":1450,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1452,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1451},{"VI":1438},[],{"title":1454},{"VI":1455},"S. Kösel",{"id":1457,"sortIndex":205,"researcher":20,"roles":1458,"affiliations":1459,"properties":1468,"displayName":1470,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"8fc70a8f-d6ee-4360-a6a9-834ea634a689",[582],[1460],{"id":1461,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1462,"properties":20},"86bf9378-79b2-4c01-8a92-ae160e9064a4",{"id":1461,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1463,"slug":20,"properties":1464,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1467,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1465},{"VI":1466},"Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany",[],{"title":1469},{"VI":1470},"C. Spitzer",{"id":1472,"sortIndex":223,"researcher":20,"roles":1473,"affiliations":1474,"properties":1483,"displayName":1485,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"574160f9-55d1-4142-bad7-3912c449e4bd",[582],[1475],{"id":1476,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1477,"properties":20},"f8747429-7b82-49e7-b9c8-faf57a35d00d",{"id":1476,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1478,"slug":20,"properties":1479,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1482,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1480},{"VI":1481},"Aurigon Life Science GmbH, Tutzing, Germany",[],{"title":1484},{"VI":1485},"F. W. Schwaiger",{"id":1487,"sortIndex":239,"researcher":20,"roles":1488,"affiliations":1489,"properties":1498,"displayName":1500,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"be3ec92a-c734-427d-a8e2-a40f20ac0845",[582],[1490],{"id":1491,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1492,"properties":20},"0ef53973-4db8-4cb2-8225-af6ccf9f74a7",{"id":1491,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1493,"slug":20,"properties":1494,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1497,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1495},{"VI":1496},"Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany",[],{"title":1499},{"VI":1500},"O. 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In replicas, extensive meshworks of strands, presumably forming zonulae occludentes, are found between the perineurial cells of the same layer. Adjacent layers are joined by maculae occludentes located on the lateral processes of the perineurial cells. Occasionally small gap junctions lie within the meshes of the zonulae occludentes.",{"EN":1571},"Freeze-fracture aspects of the perineurium of spinal 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Watson; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=1958; citation_pages=474-8; citation_id=CR29",{},{"id":1748,"createTime":1749,"updateTime":1750,"relativeEntities":1751,"slug":1752,"properties":1753,"entityType":154,"verifyStatus":155,"verifyTime":1764,"verifyNote":157,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1765,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1766,"publicationType":255,"publisherRelationship":1795,"citationCount":1209,"citationInfo":1821,"publishDate":1824,"publishYear":1822,"citationAnalyzeStatus":879,"lastCitationAnalyze":1825,"indexDatabases":1826,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":561},"ba7b3bbd-940d-445d-80f0-d8d84e993ca5","2023-12-05T10:48:12.890+00:00","2026-07-19T01:24:51.604+00:00",[],"Immunogold-detection-of-two-neurohormones-the-locust-ovary-maturing-parsin-and-neuroparsin",{"abstract":1754,"title":1756,"gsPaper":1758,"references":1760,"doi":1762},{"EN":1755},"The cellular localization of two neurohormones of the locust pars intercerebralis-corpora cardiaca system: the ovary maturing parsin and neuroparsin, was investigated using electron microscopic immunocytochemistry (post-embedding immunogold labelling). The ovary maturing parsin and neuroparsin containing cells were first identified in semithin sections treated by combined histochemical- and immunostaining. The neuroparsin cells were paraldehyde fuchsin positive (A-type cells) and the ovary maturing parsin cells were paraldehyde fuchsin negative when semithin sections were stained with paraldehyde fuchsin and immunostained with anti-ovary maturing parsin serum. The ovary maturing parsin and neuroparsin producing cells were identified on immunogold labelled ultrathin sections adjacent to double stained semithin sections. Ovary maturing parsin cells have larger more numerous vesicles of greater electron density than neuroparsin cells. The neuroparsin cells contained more lysosomal structures than the ovary maturing parsin cells suggesting different neurosecretory dynamics. Thus, immunogold labelling with antisera specific for each neurohormone demonstrates the individual nature of these two neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis of the Locust.",{"EN":1757},"Immunogold detection of two neurohormones: the locust ovary maturing parsin and neuroparsin",{"VOID":1759},"[\"13590133512687194249\"]",{"VOID":1761},"Bendayan, M. &Zollinger, M. (1983) Ultrastructural location of antigenic sites on osmium fixed tissues applying the Protein A-gold technique.Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 31, 101–9.\nBourême, D., Tamarelle, M. &Girardie, J. (1987) Production and characterization of antibodies to neuroparsin A and B isolated from the corpora cardiaca of the locust.General and Comparative Endocrinology 67, 169–77.\nGirardie, J. (1975) Recherche en microscopie photonique et électronique des éléments neurosécréteurs tritocérébraux deLocusta migratoria (Insecte Orthoptère).Archives d'Anatomie microscopique 3, 223–46.\nGirardie, J. &Rossi, C. (1978) Preuves histologiques et ultrastructurales de 2 catégories de cellules neurosécrétrices protocérébrales médianes de type A chez le Criquet migrateur.C. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences D (Paris)286, 97–100.\nGirardie, J., Bourême, D. &Girardie, A. (1987a) Production sites of the three neurosecretory proteins characterized in the corpora cardiaca of the migratory locust.Insect Biochemistry 17, 29–36.\nGirardie, J., Bourême, D., Couillaud, F., Tamarelle, M. &Girardie, A. (1987b) Anti-juvenile effect of neuroparsin A, a neuroprotein isolated from locust corpora cardiaca.Insect Biochemistry 17, 29–36.\nGirardie, J., Richard, O., Huet, J. C., Nespoulous, C., Van Dorsselaer, A. &Pernollet, J. C. (1991) Physical characterization and sequence identification of the ovary maturating parsin. A new neurohormone purified with the nervous corpora cardiaca of the African locust (Locusta migratoria migratorioides).European Journal of Biochemistry 202, 1121–6.\nGirardie, J., Richard, O. &Girardie, A. (1992) Time-dependent variations in the activity of a novel ovary maturating neurohormone from the nervous corpora cardiaca during oögenesis in the locust,Locusta migratoria migratorioides.Journal of Insect Physiology 38, 215–21.\nGoltzené, F., Holder, F., Charlet, M., Meister, M. &Oka, T. (1992) Immunocytochemical localization of Bombyx-PTTH-like molecules in neurosecretory cells of the brain of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria.Cell and Tissue Research 269, 133–40.\nHetru, C., Wan Li, K., Bulet, P., Lagueux, M. &Hoffmann, J. A. (1991) Isolation and structural characterization of an insulin-related molecule, a predominant neuropeptide fromLocusta migratoria (Insecta, Orthoptera).European Journal of Biochemistry 201, 495–9.\nLarsson, L. I. (1983)Methods for immunocytochemistry of neurohormonal peptides In:Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy Vol. 1. (edited byBjörklund, A. &Hökfelt, T.) Elsevier, Amsterdam pp. 147–209.\nRichard, O. &Girardie, J. (1992) Immunochemical analysis of the distribution of the new ovary maturating neurohormone during development of the African locust,Locusta migratoria.Cell and Tissue Research 270, 587–96.",{"VOID":1763},"10.1007\u002FBF01207111","2024-05-15T20:54:04.322+00:00","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002FBF01207111",[1767,1782],{"id":1768,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1769,"affiliations":1770,"properties":1779,"displayName":1781,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"8d0d01f0-f044-4fb3-9d66-96b09dae92c6",[582],[1771],{"id":1772,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1773,"properties":20},"59403c40-5021-41ad-b2dd-b1bfd8b9f2b5",{"id":1772,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1774,"slug":20,"properties":1775,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1778,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1776},{"VI":1777},"Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie, URA CNRS 1138, Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, France",[],{"title":1780},{"VI":1781},"M. Tamarelle",{"id":1783,"sortIndex":189,"researcher":20,"roles":1784,"affiliations":1785,"properties":1792,"displayName":1794,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"cfc63d23-22e5-4ca2-acd5-fbe9dfb00997",[582],[1786],{"id":1772,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1787,"properties":20},{"id":1772,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1788,"slug":20,"properties":1789,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1791,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1790},{"VI":1777},[],{"title":1793},{"VI":1794},"J. Girardie",{"url":1765,"publisher":1796,"properties":1816},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1797,"slug":10,"properties":1798,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":1802,"manageAffiliations":1803,"indexDatabases":1804,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":1811,"gsStatistic":20,"type":20,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":1799,"title":1800,"eissn":1801},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},{"VOID":17},[],[],[1805],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":1806,"url":37,"indexYears":38,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":39},{"id":28,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1807,"label":1808,"description":1809,"key":34,"publicationTags":1810,"standard":20},[],{"EN":31,"VI":31},{"EN":31,"VI":33},[36],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":1812,"i10Index":42,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":43,"totalPublicationByYear":1813,"totalCitation":70,"totalCitationByYear":1814,"totalCitationPerPublication":100,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1815,"hindexLast5Year":130,"hindex":130},{},{"1972":45,"1973":46,"1974":47,"1975":48,"1976":49,"1977":50,"1978":51,"1979":52,"1980":53,"1981":54,"1982":55,"1983":53,"1984":50,"1985":56,"1986":57,"1987":58,"1988":59,"1989":60,"1990":61,"1991":62,"1992":57,"1993":63,"1994":55,"1995":64,"1996":51,"1997":52,"1998":57,"1999":60,"2000":57,"2001":65,"2002":64,"2003":66,"2004":67,"2005":68,"2006":69},{"1972":72,"1973":73,"1974":74,"1975":75,"1976":76,"1977":77,"1978":78,"1979":79,"1980":80,"1981":81,"1982":82,"1983":83,"1984":84,"1985":85,"1986":86,"1987":87,"1988":88,"1989":89,"1990":90,"1991":91,"1992":92,"1993":93,"1994":94,"1995":95,"1996":96,"2003":97,"2004":98,"2005":99},{"1972":102,"1973":103,"1974":104,"1975":105,"1976":106,"1977":107,"1978":108,"1979":109,"1980":110,"1981":111,"1982":112,"1983":113,"1984":114,"1985":115,"1986":116,"1987":117,"1988":118,"1989":119,"1990":120,"1991":121,"1992":122,"1993":123,"1994":124,"1995":125,"1996":126,"2003":127,"2004":128,"2005":129},{"pages":1817,"volume":1819},{"VOID":1818},"393-399",{"VOID":1820},"23",{"total":1209,"publishYear":1822,"statisticByYear":1823},1994,{"1994":189,"1996":189,"1997":205,"1998":205,"1999":189,"2000":189,"2015":189},"1994-07-01","2026-07-19T01:24:51.603+00:00",[39],{"id":1828,"createTime":1829,"updateTime":1830,"relativeEntities":1831,"slug":1832,"properties":1833,"entityType":154,"verifyStatus":155,"verifyTime":1844,"verifyNote":157,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1845,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1846,"publicationType":255,"publisherRelationship":1862,"citationCount":21,"citationInfo":1888,"publishDate":1891,"publishYear":1889,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":1830,"indexDatabases":1892,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":561},"28dcffd5-193e-473b-80fd-064afea8965e","2023-12-21T05:00:53.519+00:00","2026-07-17T23:55:41.672+00:00",[],"An-electron-microscope-study-of-the-termination-of-afferent-connections-to-the-primate-motor-cortex",{"abstract":1834,"title":1836,"gsPaper":1838,"references":1840,"doi":1842},{"EN":1835},"An experimental study has been made of the afferent connections of the motor cortex of the monkey from the thalamus, contralateral motor cortex and ipsilateral somatic sensory and pre-motor areas using the electron microscope. The terminals from all these sites have asymmetric membrane specializations. The majority of the terminals from each site end on dendritic spines, probably of pyramidal cells, and a proportion end on the dendrites or somata of large stellate cells. The different laminar terminations are described and it was found that the thalamo-cortical terminals are also related to bundles of apical dendrites in the main laminae of their termination.",{"EN":1837},"An electron microscope study of the termination of afferent connections to the primate motor cortex",{"VOID":1839},"[\"8666476223600276840\"]",{"VOID":1841},"Cajal, S. R. Y. (1909–1911)Histologie du Système nerveux de l'Homme et des Vertébrés, Vol. II. Paris: Maloine.\nColonnier, M. (1968) Synaptic patterns on different cell types in the different laminae of the cat visual cortex.Brain Research 9, 268–87.\nFifkova, E. (1970) The effect of monocular deprivation on the synaptic contacts of the visual cortex.Journal of Neurobiology 1, 285–94.\nGarey, L. J. andPowell, T. P. S. (1971) An experimental study of the termination of the lateral geniculo-cortical pathway in the cat and monkey.Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B 179, 41–63.\nGray, E. G. (1969) Electron microscopy of excitatory and inhibitory synapses: a brief review.Progress in Brain Research 31, 141–55.\nJones, E. G. andPowell, T. P. S. (1969) Connections of the somatic sensory cortex of the rhesus monkey. I. Ipsilateral cortical connections.Brain 92, 477–502.\nJones, E. G. andPowell, T. P. S. (1970a) Electron microscopy of the somatic sensory cortex of the cat. I. Cell types and synaptic organization.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B 257, 1–11.\nJones, E. G. andPowell, T. P. S. (1970b) An electron microscopic study of terminal degeneration in the neocortex of the cat.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B 257, 29–43.\nJones, E. G. andPowell, T. P. S. (1970c) An electron microscopic study of the laminar pattern and mode of termination of afferent fibre pathways in the somatic sensory cortex of the cat.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B 257, 45–62.\nPandya, N. andKuypers, H. G. J. (1969) Cortico-coitical connections in the rhesus monkey.Brain Research 13, 13–36.\nPandya, N. andVignolo, L. A. (1971) Intra and interhemispheric projections of the precentral, premotor and arcuate areas in the rhesus monkey.Brain Research 26, 217–33.\nPeters, A. andWalsh, T. M. (1972) A study of the organisation of apical dendrites in the somatic sensory cortex of the rat.Journal of Comparative Neurology 144, 253–68.\nSloper, J. J. (1973) An electron microscopic study of the neurones of the motor and somatic sensory cortices.Journal of Neurocytology 2, 351–9.\nWalker, A. E. (1938)The Primate Thalamus. Chicago: Chicago University Press.\nWiitanen, J. T. (1969) Selective silver impregnation of degenerating axons and axon terminals in the central nervous system of the monkey (Macaca mulatta).Brain Research 14, 546–8.",{"VOID":1843},"10.1007\u002FBF01103794","2024-05-14T08:09:21.519+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF01103794",[1847],{"id":1848,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1849,"affiliations":1850,"properties":1859,"displayName":1861,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"6a97695c-0480-41a0-bb8b-0d2b3d46bc11",[582],[1851],{"id":1852,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1853,"properties":20},"7b00cd7e-903a-45fc-ab10-5615d4479398",{"id":1852,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1854,"slug":20,"properties":1855,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1858,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1856},{"VI":1857},"Department of Human Anatomy, Oxford",[],{"title":1860},{"VI":1861},"J. J. Sloper",{"url":1845,"publisher":1863,"properties":1883},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1864,"slug":10,"properties":1865,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":1869,"manageAffiliations":1870,"indexDatabases":1871,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":1878,"gsStatistic":20,"type":20,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":1866,"title":1867,"eissn":1868},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},{"VOID":17},[],[],[1872],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":1873,"url":37,"indexYears":38,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":39},{"id":28,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1874,"label":1875,"description":1876,"key":34,"publicationTags":1877,"standard":20},[],{"EN":31,"VI":31},{"EN":31,"VI":33},[36],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":1879,"i10Index":42,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":43,"totalPublicationByYear":1880,"totalCitation":70,"totalCitationByYear":1881,"totalCitationPerPublication":100,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1882,"hindexLast5Year":130,"hindex":130},{},{"1972":45,"1973":46,"1974":47,"1975":48,"1976":49,"1977":50,"1978":51,"1979":52,"1980":53,"1981":54,"1982":55,"1983":53,"1984":50,"1985":56,"1986":57,"1987":58,"1988":59,"1989":60,"1990":61,"1991":62,"1992":57,"1993":63,"1994":55,"1995":64,"1996":51,"1997":52,"1998":57,"1999":60,"2000":57,"2001":65,"2002":64,"2003":66,"2004":67,"2005":68,"2006":69},{"1972":72,"1973":73,"1974":74,"1975":75,"1976":76,"1977":77,"1978":78,"1979":79,"1980":80,"1981":81,"1982":82,"1983":83,"1984":84,"1985":85,"1986":86,"1987":87,"1988":88,"1989":89,"1990":90,"1991":91,"1992":92,"1993":93,"1994":94,"1995":95,"1996":96,"2003":97,"2004":98,"2005":99},{"1972":102,"1973":103,"1974":104,"1975":105,"1976":106,"1977":107,"1978":108,"1979":109,"1980":110,"1981":111,"1982":112,"1983":113,"1984":114,"1985":115,"1986":116,"1987":117,"1988":118,"1989":119,"1990":120,"1991":121,"1992":122,"1993":123,"1994":124,"1995":125,"1996":126,"2003":127,"2004":128,"2005":129},{"pages":1884,"volume":1886},{"VOID":1885},"361-368",{"VOID":1887},"2",{"total":21,"publishYear":1889,"statisticByYear":1890},1973,{},"1973-12-01",[39]]