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Chem., 157, 116798, 10.1016\u002Fj.trac.2022.116798",{"doi":1519},"10.1016\u002Fj.trac.2022.116798",{"id":1521,"createTime":1522,"updateTime":1523,"relativeEntities":1524,"slug":1525,"properties":1526,"entityType":178,"verifyStatus":179,"verifyTime":1543,"verifyNote":180,"languages":1544,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1545,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1546,"publicationType":253,"publisherRelationship":1606,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1682,"publishDate":18,"publishYear":18,"citationAnalyzeStatus":1684,"lastCitationAnalyze":1685,"indexDatabases":1686,"openAccess":18,"references":1687,"isForceReanalyzing":425},"37310389-3097-45ad-814f-015df4813c03","2024-11-29T03:45:57.717+00:00","2026-07-11T17:06:48.833+00:00",[],"Synthesis-and-Characterization-of-ZnO-Nanowires-by-Thermal-Oxidation-of-Zn-Thin-Films-at-Various-Temperatures",{"mag":1527,"gsPaper":1529,"pmc":1531,"openalex":1533,"abstract":1535,"title":1537,"pm":1539,"doi":1541},{"VOID":1528},"2013328918",{"VOID":1530},"[\"7640883815879185639\"]",{"VOID":1532},"6268712",{"VOID":1534},"W2013328918",{"EN":1536},"\u003Cjats:p>In this research high-quality zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have been synthesized by thermal oxidation of metallic Zn thin films. Metallic Zn films with thicknesses of 250 nm have been deposited on a glass substrate by the PVD technique. The deposited zinc thin films were oxidized in air at various temperatures ranging between 450 °C to 650 °C. Surface morphology, structural and optical properties of the ZnO nanowires were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD analysis demonstrated that the ZnO nanowires has a wurtzite structure with orientation of (002), and the nanowires prepared at 600 °C has a better crystalline quality than samples prepared at other temperatures. SEM results indicate that by increasing the oxidation temperature, the dimensions of the ZnO nanowires increase. The optimum temperature for synthesizing high density, ZnO nanowires was determined to be 600 °C. EDX results revealed that only Zn and O are present in the samples, indicating a pure ZnO composition. 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2001, Indium phosphide nanowires as building blocks for nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices, Nature, 409, 66, 10.1038\u002F35051047",{"doi":1691},"10.1038\u002F35051047",{"id":18,"text":1693,"url":18,"identifiers":1694},"Kind, 2002, Nanowire ultraviolet photodetectors and optical switches, Adv. 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Mater., 18, 2720, 10.1002\u002Fadma.200502633",{"doi":1711},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200502633",{"id":18,"text":1713,"url":18,"identifiers":1714},"Ikegami, 2009, Optical dielectric constant inhomogeneity along the growth axis in ZnO-based transparent electrodes deposited on glass substrates, J. Appl. Phys., 105, 093713, 10.1063\u002F1.3108539",{"doi":1715},"10.1063\u002F1.3108539",{"id":18,"text":1717,"url":18,"identifiers":1718},"Wan, 2004, Room-temperature hydrogen storage characteristics of ZnO nanowires, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 124, 10.1063\u002F1.1637939",{"doi":1719},"10.1063\u002F1.1637939",{"id":18,"text":1721,"url":18,"identifiers":1722},"Zhang, 2009, Novel rose-like ZnO nanoflowers synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, Mater. Lett., 63, 496, 10.1016\u002Fj.matlet.2008.11.046",{"doi":1723},"10.1016\u002Fj.matlet.2008.11.046",{"id":18,"text":1725,"url":18,"identifiers":1726},"Varanasi, C.V., Leedy, K.D., Tomich, D.H., Subramanyam, G., and Look, D.C. (2009). Improved photoluminescence of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grown on BaSrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition. Nanotechnology, 20.",{"doi":1727},"10.1088\u002F0957-4484\u002F20\u002F38\u002F385706",{"id":18,"text":1729,"url":18,"identifiers":1730},"Ham, 2005, Vertically aligned ZnO nanowires produced by a catalyst-free thermal evaporation method and their field emission properties, Chem. Phys. Lett., 404, 69, 10.1016\u002Fj.cplett.2005.01.084",{"doi":1731},"10.1016\u002Fj.cplett.2005.01.084",{"id":18,"text":1733,"url":18,"identifiers":1734},"Wu, 2002, Low-temperature growth of well-aligned ZnO nanorods by chemical vapor deposition, Adv. 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Technol., 27, 701, 10.1016\u002FS1005-0302(11)60129-1",{"doi":1759},"10.1016\u002FS1005-0302(11)60129-1",{"id":18,"text":1761,"url":18,"identifiers":1762},"Dai, 2003, Growth and luminescence characterization of large-scale zinc oxide nanowires, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 15, 2221, 10.1088\u002F0953-8984\u002F15\u002F13\u002F308",{"doi":1763},"10.1088\u002F0953-8984\u002F15\u002F13\u002F308",{"id":18,"text":1765,"url":18,"identifiers":1766},"Cullity, B.D. (1978). Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison Wesley.",{},{"id":18,"text":1768,"url":18,"identifiers":1769},"Umar, 2006, Synthesis of ZnO nanowires on steel alloy substrate by thermal evaporation: Growth mechanism and structural and optical properties, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23, 860, 10.1007\u002FBF02705941",{"doi":1770},"10.1007\u002FBF02705941",{"id":18,"text":1772,"url":18,"identifiers":1773},"Geng, 2004, Well-aligned ZnO nanowire arrays fabricated on silicon substrates, Adv. Func. Mater., 14, 589, 10.1002\u002Fadfm.200305074",{"doi":1774},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.200305074",{"id":18,"text":1776,"url":18,"identifiers":1777},"Wang, 2005, Synthesis of well-aligned ZnO nanowires by simple physical vapor deposition on c-oriented ZnO thin films without catalysts or additives, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 024108, 10.1063\u002F1.1851607",{"doi":1778},"10.1063\u002F1.1851607",{"id":18,"text":1780,"url":18,"identifiers":1781},"Yang, 1997, Nanostructured high-temperature superconductors: Creation of strong-pinning columnar defects in nanorod\u002Fsuperconductor composites, J. Mater. Res., 12, 2981, 10.1557\u002FJMR.1997.0393",{"doi":1782},"10.1557\u002FJMR.1997.0393",{"id":18,"text":1784,"url":18,"identifiers":1785},"Kar, 2006, One-dimensional ZnO nanostructure arrays: Synthesis and characterization, J. Phys. Chem. 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Evidently, a high content of terpinen-4-ol is a characteristic feature of L. angustifolia oils bred in Ukraine. Additionally, the LA3 cultivar yielded an oil with some of the highest linalool contents reported in the literature. Statistical analysis and literature data allowed for the comparative analysis of the gathered data. 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Biol. Chem., 287, 44143, 10.1074\u002Fjbc.M112.414276",{"doi":3640},"10.1074\u002Fjbc.M112.414276",{"id":18,"text":3642,"url":18,"identifiers":3643},"Gantner, 2003, Collaborative Induction of Inflammatory Responses by Dectin-1 and Toll-like Receptor 2, J. Exp. Med., 197, 1107, 10.1084\u002Fjem.20021787",{"doi":3644},"10.1084\u002Fjem.20021787",{"id":18,"text":3646,"url":18,"identifiers":3647},"Amraie, R., Napoleon, M.A., Yin, W., Berrigan, J., Suder, E., Zhao, G., Olejnik, J., Gummuluru, S., Muhlberger, E., and Chitalia, V. (2020). CD209L\u002FL-SIGN and CD209\u002FDC-SIGN act as receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and are differentially expressed in lung and kidney epithelial and endothelial cells. bioRxiv.",{"doi":3648},"10.1101\u002F2020.06.22.165803",{"id":3650,"createTime":3651,"updateTime":3651,"relativeEntities":3652,"slug":3653,"properties":3654,"entityType":178,"verifyStatus":179,"verifyTime":3661,"verifyNote":180,"languages":3662,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":3663,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":3664,"publicationType":253,"publisherRelationship":3739,"citationCount":150,"citationInfo":3814,"publishDate":18,"publishYear":18,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":3816,"openAccess":18,"references":3817,"isForceReanalyzing":425},"c5c99d36-afb8-43a0-ae33-99379616cde9","2026-04-01T15:01:41.244+00:00",[],"Enhanced-Eugenol-Composition-in-Clove-Essential-Oil-by-Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Based-Ultrasonic-Extraction-and-Microwave-Assisted-Hydrodistillation",{"title":3655,"doi":3657,"abstract":3659},{"EN":3656},"Enhanced Eugenol Composition in Clove Essential Oil by Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrasonic Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation",{"VOID":3658},"10.3390\u002Fmolecules30030504",{"EN":3660},"Eugenol is the key bioactive compound in clove oil, which has a variety of biological functions and is extensively employed in the medicinal and food industries. Nowadays, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have received considerable attention as green solvents that enhance extraction efficiency. The present study investigated the effects of DESs on the eugenol composition in clove essential oils (CEOs) extracted from clove buds using ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation techniques. The study revealed that both DES-based microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (DES-MHD) and ultrasonic-assisted DES pretreatment followed by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (U-DES-MHD) significantly enhanced the eugenol purity in CEOs compared to the MHD method without the use of DESs. The great CEOs with a high amount of eugenol obtained via choline chloride–oxalic acid (ChCl-OA) at a 1:2 molar ratio were used as DESs. Their oils had a eugenol content of 82.90% and 83.34%, respectively, corresponding to the extraction by DES-MHD and U-DES-MHD methods, which were raised from the oil’s extraction without DES by MHD 7.42% and 8.36%, respectively. Corresponding to a strong antioxidant agent of eugenol, the oils extracted by ChCl-OA-based MHD and ultrasonic-assisted ChCl-OA-based MHD methods had significantly stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 level of 2.16 ± 0.11 and 2.19 ± 0.05 μg\u002FmL, respectively, than the oils extracted without DESs. Hence, these innovative processes offer a promising approach to improving the bioactivity of clove oils, while providing straightforward operation and environmentally friendly extraction methods. Additionally, these novel processes may find application in other edible essential oil extractions for the food and pharmaceutical industries.","2026-04-01T15:01:41.242+00:00",[182],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F1420-3049\u002F30\u002F3\u002F504",[3665,3690,3707,3722],{"id":3666,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":3667,"affiliations":3668,"properties":3683},"473709ca-25a2-4289-a05d-084647e84f7d",[],[3669,3677],{"id":3670,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":3671,"properties":18},"9ef07392-fd87-422e-8669-9995ed2a3752",{"id":3670,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":3672,"slug":18,"properties":3673,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":3676,"statistic":18},[],{"title":3674},{"EN":3675},"Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, 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Batiha, G., Alkazmi, L.M., Wasef, L.G., Beshbishy, A.M., Nadwa, E.H., and Rashwan, E.K. (2020). Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological activities. Biomolecules, 10.",{"doi":3821},"10.3390\u002Fbiom10020202",{"id":18,"text":3823,"url":18,"identifiers":3824},"Haro-González, J.N., Castillo-Herrera, G.A., Martínez-Velázquez, M., and Espinosa-Andrews, H. (2021). Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health. Molecules, 26.",{"doi":3825},"10.20944\u002Fpreprints202108.0386.v1",{"id":18,"text":3827,"url":18,"identifiers":3828},"Silva, M.V., de Lima, A.D.C.A., Silva, M.G., Caetano, V.F., de Andrade, M.F., da Silva, R.G.C., and Vinhas, G.M. (2024). Clove essential oil and eugenol: A review of their significance and uses. Food Biosci., 62.",{"doi":3829},"10.1016\u002Fj.fbio.2024.105112",{"id":18,"text":3831,"url":18,"identifiers":3832},"Ulanowska, M., and Olas, B. (2021). 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Chem., 8, 100411, 10.1016\u002Fj.crgsc.2024.100411",{"doi":3844},"10.1016\u002Fj.crgsc.2024.100411",{"id":18,"text":3846,"url":18,"identifiers":3847},"Chen, 2022, Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation extraction based on microwave-assisted preparation of deep eutectic solvents coupled with GC-MS for analysis of essential oils from clove buds, Sustainable Chem. Pharm., 27, 100695, 10.1016\u002Fj.scp.2022.100695",{"doi":1317},{"id":18,"text":3849,"url":18,"identifiers":3850},"Tymczewska, A., Klebba, J., and Szydłowska-Czerniak, A. (2023). Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of spice extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction using deep eutectic and conventional solvents. Appl. Sci., 13.",{"doi":3851},"10.3390\u002Fapp13126987",{"id":18,"text":3853,"url":18,"identifiers":3854},"Shen, 2024, Extraction of eugenol from essential oils by in situ formation of deep eutectic solvents: A green recyclable process, J. Anal. Test., 8, 63, 10.1007\u002Fs41664-023-00267-x",{"doi":1197},{"id":18,"text":3856,"url":18,"identifiers":3857},"Strižincová, P., Šurina, I., Jablonský, M., Majová, V., Ház, A., Hroboňová, K., and Špačková, A. (2024). Analyzing the effect of extraction parameters on phenolic composition and selected compounds in clove buds using choline chloride and lactic acid as extraction agents. Processes, 12.",{"doi":3858},"10.3390\u002Fpr12040653",{"id":18,"text":3860,"url":18,"identifiers":3861},"Rao, 2021, Ultrasonication—A green technology extraction technique for spices: A review, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 116, 975, 10.1016\u002Fj.tifs.2021.09.006",{"doi":3862},"10.1016\u002Fj.tifs.2021.09.006",{"id":18,"text":3864,"url":18,"identifiers":3865},"Peng, 2022, Recent advances of kinetic model in the separation of essential oils by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation, Ind. Crops Prod., 187, 115418, 10.1016\u002Fj.indcrop.2022.115418",{"doi":3866},"10.1016\u002Fj.indcrop.2022.115418",{"id":18,"text":3868,"url":18,"identifiers":3869},"Chemat, F., Abert Vian, M., Ravi, H.K., Khadhraoui, B., Hilali, S., Perino, S., and Fabiano Tixier, A.S. (2019). Review of alternative solvents for green extraction of food and natural products: Panorama, principles, applications and prospects. Molecules, 24.",{"doi":3870},"10.3390\u002Fmolecules24163007",{"id":18,"text":3872,"url":18,"identifiers":3873},"Hansen, 2020, Deep eutectic solvents: A review of fundamentals and applications, Chem. Rev., 121, 1232, 10.1021\u002Facs.chemrev.0c00385",{"doi":3874},"10.1021\u002Facs.chemrev.0c00385",{"id":18,"text":3876,"url":18,"identifiers":3877},"2021, Review on extraction of phenolic compounds from natural sources using green deep eutectic solvents, J. Agric. Food Chem., 69, 878, 10.1021\u002Facs.jafc.0c06641",{"doi":3878},"10.1021\u002Facs.jafc.0c06641",{"id":18,"text":3880,"url":18,"identifiers":3881},"Yu, 2017, DES-based microwave hydrodistillation coupled with GC-MS for analysis of essential oil from black pepper (Piper nigrum) and white pepper, Anal. Methods, 9, 6777, 10.1039\u002FC7AY02072D",{"doi":1297},{"id":18,"text":3883,"url":18,"identifiers":3884},"Yu, 2018, Microwave hydrodistillation based on deep eutectic solvent for extraction and analysis of essential oil from three Amomum species using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Chromatographia, 81, 657, 10.1007\u002Fs10337-018-3482-8",{"doi":1313},{"id":18,"text":3886,"url":18,"identifiers":3887},"Zhao, 2019, Three-stage microwave extraction of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seed essential oil with natural deep eutectic solvents, Ind. Crops Prod., 140, 111660, 10.1016\u002Fj.indcrop.2019.111660",{"doi":1333},{"id":18,"text":3889,"url":18,"identifiers":3890},"Guo, 2021, Deep eutectic solvent-homogenate based microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. fruits and its chemical composition and biological activity, J. Chromatogr. A, 1646, 462089, 10.1016\u002Fj.chroma.2021.462089",{"doi":1293},{"id":18,"text":3892,"url":18,"identifiers":3893},"Xu, 2021, Microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents pretreatment followed by hydrodistillation coupled with GC-MS for analysis of essential oil from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), J. Oleo Sci., 70, 1481, 10.5650\u002Fjos.ess20368",{"doi":1321},{"id":18,"text":3895,"url":18,"identifiers":3896},"Chen, 2022, Chemical compositions and bioactivities of essential oil from perilla leaf (Perillae folium) obtained by ultrasonic-assisted hydro-distillation with natural deep eutectic solvents, Food Chem., 375, 131834, 10.1016\u002Fj.foodchem.2021.131834",{"doi":1253},{"id":18,"text":3898,"url":18,"identifiers":3899},"Li, J.H., Li, W., Luo, S., Ma, C.H., and Liu, S.X. (2019). Alternate ultrasound\u002Fmicrowave digestion for deep eutectic hydro-distillation extraction of essential oil and polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Molecules, 24.",{"doi":1281},{"id":18,"text":3901,"url":18,"identifiers":3902},"Li, 2016, Development of deep eutectic solvents applied in extraction and separation, J. Sep. Sci., 39, 3505, 10.1002\u002Fjssc.201600633",{"doi":3903},"10.1002\u002Fjssc.201600633",{"id":18,"text":3905,"url":18,"identifiers":3906},"Durand, 2017, Application of deep eutectic solvents (DES) for phenolic compounds extraction: Overview, challenges, and opportunities, J. Agric. Food Chem., 65, 3591, 10.1021\u002Facs.jafc.7b01054",{"doi":3907},"10.1021\u002Facs.jafc.7b01054",{"id":18,"text":3909,"url":18,"identifiers":3910},"Farooq, 2020, Deep eutectic solvents in separations: Methods of preparation, polarity, and applications in extractions and capillary electrochromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 1633, 461613, 10.1016\u002Fj.chroma.2020.461613",{"doi":3911},"10.1016\u002Fj.chroma.2020.461613",{"id":18,"text":3913,"url":18,"identifiers":3914},"Teng, Z., Wang, L., Huang, B., Yu, Y., Liu, J., and Li, T. (2022). Synthesis of green deep eutectic solvents for pretreatment wheat straw: Enhance the solubility of typical lignocellulose. Sustainability, 14.",{"doi":3915},"10.3390\u002Fsu14020657",{"id":18,"text":3917,"url":18,"identifiers":3918},"Ratanasongtham, 2024, Optimizing green approach to enhanced antioxidants from Thai pigmented rice bran using deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction, Heliyon, 10, e23525, 10.1016\u002Fj.heliyon.2023.e23525",{"doi":3919},"10.1016\u002Fj.heliyon.2023.e23525",{"id":18,"text":3921,"url":18,"identifiers":3922},"Thi, 2019, Comparison of deep eutectic solvents (DES) on pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB): Cellulose digestibility, structural and morphology changes, Bioresour. Technol., 282, 525, 10.1016\u002Fj.biortech.2019.03.065",{"doi":3923},"10.1016\u002Fj.biortech.2019.03.065",{"id":18,"text":3925,"url":18,"identifiers":3926},"Mouratoglou, 2016, Novel glycerol-based natural eutectic mixtures and their efficiency in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidant polyphenols from agri-food waste biomass, Waste Biomass Valorization, 7, 1377, 10.1007\u002Fs12649-016-9539-8",{"doi":3927},"10.1007\u002Fs12649-016-9539-8",{"id":18,"text":3929,"url":18,"identifiers":3930},"Liu, 2019, Deep eutectic solvent as a green solvent for enhanced extraction of narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin from Aurantii Fructus, Phytochem. Anal., 30, 156, 10.1002\u002Fpca.2801",{"doi":3931},"10.1002\u002Fpca.2801",{"id":18,"text":3933,"url":18,"identifiers":3934},"Lee, 2018, Natural deep eutectic solvents as a storage medium for human interferon-α2: A green and improved strategy for room-temperature biologics, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 65, 343, 10.1016\u002Fj.jiec.2018.05.005",{"doi":3935},"10.1016\u002Fj.jiec.2018.05.005",{"id":18,"text":3937,"url":18,"identifiers":3938},"Zhang, 2019, Effect of simultaneous ultrasonic and microwave assisted hydrodistillation on the yield, composition, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of essential oils from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis, J. Food Eng., 244, 126, 10.1016\u002Fj.jfoodeng.2018.09.014",{"doi":3939},"10.1016\u002Fj.jfoodeng.2018.09.014",{"id":18,"text":3941,"url":18,"identifiers":3942},"Jeong, 2018, One-step sample preparation for convenient examination of volatile monoterpenes and phenolic compounds in peppermint leaves using deep eutectic solvents, Food Chem., 251, 69, 10.1016\u002Fj.foodchem.2018.01.079",{"doi":1337},{"id":18,"text":3944,"url":18,"identifiers":3945},"Wojeicchowski, 2021, Extraction of phenolic compounds from rosemary using choline chloride–based deep eutectic solvents, Sep. Purif. Technol., 258, 117975, 10.1016\u002Fj.seppur.2020.117975",{"doi":3946},"10.1016\u002Fj.seppur.2020.117975",{"id":18,"text":3948,"url":18,"identifiers":3949},"Ojeda, 2023, Enhanced extraction of phenolic compounds from mango by-products using deep eutectic solvents, Heliyon, 9, e16912, 10.1016\u002Fj.heliyon.2023.e16912",{"doi":3950},"10.1016\u002Fj.heliyon.2023.e16912",{"id":18,"text":3952,"url":18,"identifiers":3953},"2018, Design of an emulgel-type cosmetic with antioxidant activity using active essential oil microcapsules of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J.), and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata T.), Int. J. Polym. Sci., 2018, 2874391",{},{"id":18,"text":3955,"url":18,"identifiers":3956},"Kusuma, 2023, Microwave-assisted drying of Ocimum sanctum leaves: Analysis of moisture content, drying kinetic model, and techno-economics, Appl. Food Res., 3, 100337, 10.1016\u002Fj.afres.2023.100337",{"doi":3957},"10.1016\u002Fj.afres.2023.100337",{"id":18,"text":3959,"url":18,"identifiers":3960},"Diloksumpun, S., Wongkattiya, N., Buaban, K., Saleepochn, T., Suttiarporn, P., and Luangkamin, S. (2022). Variation in the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of five new Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake clones in Thailand. Molecules, 27.",{"doi":3961},"10.3390\u002Fmolecules27030680",{"id":3963,"createTime":3964,"updateTime":3964,"relativeEntities":3965,"slug":3966,"properties":3967,"entityType":178,"verifyStatus":179,"verifyTime":3974,"verifyNote":180,"languages":3975,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":3976,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":3977,"publicationType":253,"publisherRelationship":4142,"citationCount":132,"citationInfo":4217,"publishDate":18,"publishYear":18,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":4219,"openAccess":18,"references":4220,"isForceReanalyzing":425},"9c4797c7-2a36-47a0-a81a-bdb412b4d608","2026-04-01T15:01:40.868+00:00",[],"Green-NADES-Based-Pretreatment-Combined-with-Microwave-Assisted-Hydrodistillation-for-Enhanced-Fennel-Essential-Oil-Production",{"title":3968,"doi":3970,"abstract":3972},{"EN":3969},"Green NADES-Based Pretreatment Combined with Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation for Enhanced Fennel Essential Oil Production",{"VOID":3971},"10.3390\u002Fmolecules30183734",{"EN":3973},"Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) are emerging green solvents widely applied to improve the extraction of essential oil (EO) through plant tissue pretreatment. Various NADESs, formulated from polyalcohols, sugars, and organic acids, were employed as pretreatment solvents prior to microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) to facilitate plant cell wall breakdown and improve the efficiency of EO extraction. The findings revealed that the most effective pretreatment conditions for enhancing EO extraction involved using a NADES composed of choline chloride and glycerol (in a 1:2 molar ratio), applied to fennel seed powder at a solid-to-NADES ratio of 1:6 g\u002FmL. Optimal performance was achieved with 20% water content in the NADES, microwave irradiation at 400 W for 6 min, followed by 96 min of MAHD. Under these conditions, the NADESs-based MAHD achieved the highest EO yield, increasing it from 1.33% with water-based MAHD to 2.70%. Fennel EO demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes and C. albicans., while the EO obtained from NADES-MAHD using Ch:Gly (1:2) showed the highest antioxidant activity, with 72.41% inhibition. Finally, GC-MS phytochemical analysis of the extracted EOs revealed anethole as the major compound. Notably, the application of NADES, particularly Ch:Gly (1:2), enhanced the relative content of monoterpene hydrocarbons. These findings highlight the superior effectiveness of deep eutectic solvents during the pretreatment stage in enhancing EO 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Molecules, 27.",{"doi":4421},"10.3390\u002Fmolecules27227690",{"id":18,"text":3880,"url":18,"identifiers":4423},{"doi":1297},{"id":4425,"createTime":4426,"updateTime":4426,"relativeEntities":4427,"slug":4428,"properties":4429,"entityType":178,"verifyStatus":179,"verifyTime":4436,"verifyNote":180,"languages":4437,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":4438,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":4439,"publicationType":253,"publisherRelationship":4512,"citationCount":4586,"citationInfo":4587,"publishDate":18,"publishYear":18,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":18,"indexDatabases":4594,"openAccess":18,"references":4595,"isForceReanalyzing":425},"0ca32100-88d1-4eb5-afc5-a48263810f2e","2026-04-01T15:01:39.624+00:00",[],"Clove-Essential-Oil-Syzygium-aromaticum-L-Myrtaceae-Extraction-Chemical-Composition-Food-Applications-and-Essential-Bioactivity-for-Human-Health",{"title":4430,"doi":4432,"abstract":4434},{"EN":4431},"Clove Essential Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, Chemical Composition, Food Applications, and Essential Bioactivity for Human Health",{"VOID":4433},"10.3390\u002Fmolecules26216387",{"EN":4435},"Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae) is an aromatic plant widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries, rich in volatile compounds and antioxidants such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Clove essential oil has received considerable interest due to its wide application in the perfume, cosmetic, health, medical, flavoring, and food industries. Clove essential oil has biological activity relevant to human health, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activity. The impacts of the extraction method (hydrodistillation, steam distillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, cold pressing, and supercritical fluid extraction) on the concentration of the main volatile compounds in clove essential oil and organic clove extracts are shown. Eugenol is the major compound, accounting for at least 50%. The remaining 10–40% consists of eugenyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. The main biological activities reported are summarized. Furthermore, the main applications in clove essential oil in the food industry are presented. This review presents new biological applications beneficial for human health, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anesthetic, antinociceptive, and anticancer activity. This review aims to describe the effects of different methods of extracting clove essential oil on its chemical composition and food applications and the biological activities of interest to human health.","2026-04-01T15:01:39.614+00:00",[182],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F1420-3049\u002F26\u002F21\u002F6387",[4440,4459,4476,4495],{"id":4441,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":4442,"affiliations":4443,"properties":4452},"a647f7a5-edb2-43f6-bbe8-f54e7e2f8ce7",[],[4444],{"id":4445,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":4446,"properties":18},"6c04eb3d-4f29-4c0f-a557-3816f8cac39c",{"id":4445,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":4447,"slug":18,"properties":4448,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":4451,"statistic":18},[],{"title":4449},{"EN":4450},"Food Technology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Camino Arenero # 1227, Col. 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