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S, Gupta S, Suri R. Computed tomography in abdominal tuberculosis. Br J Radiol. 1999 Jan;72(853):92-8.\nDebi U, Ravisankar V, Prasad RK, Sinha SK, Sharma AK. Abdominal tuberculosis of the gastrointestinal tract. Revisited. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20(40):14831-40.\nVanhoenacker FM, De Backer AI, de Beeck BO, Maes M, Van Altena R, Van Beckevoort D, et al. Imaging of gastrointestinal and abdominal tuberculosis. Eur Radiol. 2004 Mar 1;14(3):E103-15.\nWHO Global Tuberculosis report (Internet) 2015. Available from: http:www.who.int\u002Ftb\u002Fpublications\u002Fglobalreport\u002Fen\u002F-WHO Tuberculosis Report 2015.\nSharma R, Madhusudhan KS, Ahuja V. Intestinal tuberculosis versus Crohn’s disease: Clinical and radiological recommendations. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2016;26:161-72.\nJoshi AR, Basantani AS, Patel TC. Role of CT and MRI in abdominal tuberculosis. Curr Radiol Rep 2014;2:66-82.\nBhargava S K, Kumar P, Bhargava S. Role of Multi Slice CT in Abdominal Tuberculosis. JIMSA 2013; 26:47-50.\nRay D, Thukral B, Gupta R, Chintamani, Prasad R. Small bowel tuberculosis by multidetector CT enteroclysis. Jpn J Radiol 2013;31(7):471–9.\nUygur-Bayramiçli O, Dabak G, Dabak R. A clinical dilemma: abdominal tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2003 May 15;9(5):1098.\nIhekwaba FN. Abdominal tuberculosis: a study of 881 cases. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1993 Oct;38(5):293-5.\nAston NO. Abdominal tuberculosis. World J Surg. 1997 Jun 1;21(5):492-9.\nDe Backer AI, Mortele KJ, Deeren D, Vanschoubroeck IJ, De Keulenaer BL. Abdominal tuberculous lymphadenopathy: MRI features. Eur Radiol. 2005;15(10):2104–9.\nShao H, Yang ZG, Xu G-H, He C, Wen LY, Zhang S et al. Tuberculosis in the abdominal lymph nodes: evaluation with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013 Jan;17(1):90-5.\nKrishna S, Kalra N, Singh P, Kochhar R, Gupta R, Singh R, Khandelwal N. Small-bowel tuberculosis: a comparative study of MR enterography and small-bowel follow-through. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016 Sep;207(3):571-7.\nZhao J, Cui MY, Chan T, Mao R, Luo Y, Barual I etal. Evaluation of intestinal tuberculosis by multi-slice computed tomography enterography. BMC Infect Dis 2015;15:577-84.\nLeder RA, Low VH. Tuberculosis of the abdomen. Radiol Clin North Am. 1995;33(4):691–705.\nDe Backer AI, Mortele KJ, De Keulenaer BL, Henckaerts L, Verhaert L. CT and MR imaging of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. JBR-BTR. 2006;89(4):190–4.\nHuh, J., Byun, J.H., Kim, J.H. et al. Value of apparent diffusion coefficient for differentiating peripancreatic tuberculous lymphadenopathy from metastatic lymphadenopathy. Abdom Radiol 45, 3163–3171 (2020).\nRocha EL, Pedrassa BC, Bormann RL, Kierszenbaum ML, Torres LR, D’Ippolito G. Abdominal tuberculosis: a radiological review with emphasis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Radiol Bras. 2015;48(3):181–91.\nLevine C. Primary macronodular hepatic tuberculosis: US and CT appearances. Gastrointest Radiol. 1990 Dec 1;15(1):307-9.\nOto A, Zhu F, Kulkarni K, Karczmar GS, Turner JR, Rubin D. Evaluation of Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging for Detection of Bowel Inflammation in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Acad Radiol. 2009;16(5):597–603.\nOto A, Kayhan A, Williams J, Fan X, Yun L, Arkani S, et al. Active Crohn’s Disease in the Small Bowel: Evaluation by Diffusion Weighted Imaging and Quantitative Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MR Imaging. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging 2011;33:615–24.\nMahmoud, B.E., Abdelzaher, A.A., Mohamed, A.A. et al. The role of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in assessment of peritoneal lesions: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med 51, 149 (2020).\nSharma D, Nair RP, Dani T, Shetty P. Abdominal cocoon-A rare cause of intestinal obstruction. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2013;4(11):955-957.\nLim J, Yu JS, Hong SW, Chung JJ, Kim JH, Kim KW. A case of mass-forming splenic tuberculosis: MRI findings with emphasis of diffusion weighted imaging characteristics. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:457–60.\nAkhan O, Pringot J. Imaging of abdominal tuberculosis. Eur Radiol. 2002 Feb 1;12(2):312-23.\nPalmer PE. The imaging of tuberculosis: with epidemiological, pathological, and clinical correlation. Springer Science & Business Media; 2002.\nYang ZG, Min PQ, Sone S, He ZY, Liao ZY, Zhou XP, et al. Tuberculosis versus lymphomas in the abdominal lymph nodes: evaluation with contrast-enhanced CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999 Mar;172(3):619-23.\nPombo F, Candamio MD, Rodriguez E, Pombo S. Pancreatic tuberculosis: CT findings. Abdom imaging. 1998 Jul 1;23(4):394-7.\nYu RS, Zhang SZ, Wu JJ, Li RF. Imaging diagnosis of 12 patients with hepatic tuberculosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jun 1;10(11):1639-42.\nNayyar V, Ramakrishna B, Mathew G, Williams RR, Khanduri P. Response to antituberculous chemotherapy after splenectomy. J int med. 1993 Jan 1;233(1):81-3.\nSinan T, Sheikh M, Ramadan S, Sahwney S, Behbehani A. CT features in abdominal tuberculosis: 20 years experience. BMC Med Imaging. 2002 Dec;2(1):3\nMurata Y, Yamada I, Sumiya Y, Shichijo Y, Suzuki Y. Abdominal macronodular tuberculomas: MR findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1996 Jul 1;20(4):643-6.",{"EN":470},"Abdominal tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries also re-emerging in western world due to the AIDS epidemic and population migration. Large proportion of the patients are young and hence radiation exposure is of concern. In addition, in some patients, contrast may be contraindicated or repeat studies may be required, where MR especially DWI may be useful. The aim of the study is to describe MRI features in abdominal tuberculosis including DWI in the involved bowel, lymphadenopathy, omental, and peritoneal thickening. Nodes being especially easy to appreciate on DWI, thus DWI in conjunction with routine noncontrast MR sequence can be useful technique to identify abdominal tubercular lesions in patients with contraindication to contrast. \n                  \n                    \n                      \n                    \n                  \n                ",{"EN":472},"Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal tuberculosis: a new take on an old disease",{"VOID":474},"10.1007\u002Fs00261-022-03607-0","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00261-022-03607-0",[477,492,504,520,532],{"id":478,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":479,"affiliations":480,"properties":489},"b845189f-1995-43a1-8074-705985d32926",[204],[481],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":482,"properties":20},{"id":483,"createTime":484,"updateTime":484,"relativeEntities":485,"slug":20,"properties":486,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"77d5f8d4-8ff4-46d6-8e2e-86bf190f0082","2024-01-18T20:57:52.862+00:00",[],{"title":487},{"VI":488},"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India",{"title":490},{"VI":491},"Prince Das",{"id":493,"sortIndex":246,"researcher":20,"roles":494,"affiliations":495,"properties":501},"798f95ad-796c-40e2-857e-28a1a3bceff6",[204],[496],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":497,"properties":20},{"id":483,"createTime":484,"updateTime":484,"relativeEntities":498,"slug":20,"properties":499,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":500},{"VI":488},{"title":502},{"VI":503},"Anjali Prakash",{"id":505,"sortIndex":284,"researcher":20,"roles":506,"affiliations":507,"properties":517},"05177d5c-c94f-45fd-8487-2a7dcbc359b7",[204],[508],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":509,"properties":20},{"id":510,"createTime":511,"updateTime":511,"relativeEntities":512,"slug":513,"properties":514,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"2797c735-3b39-423e-86d1-682984bf49bf","2024-04-16T02:58:38.049+00:00",[],"Department-of-Surgery-Maulana-Azad-Medical-College-New-Delhi-India",{"title":515},{"EN":516},"Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India",{"title":518},{"VI":519},"Rajdeep Singh",{"id":521,"sortIndex":137,"researcher":20,"roles":522,"affiliations":523,"properties":529},"881ef631-3bfc-42ef-81e6-3a135e905c03",[204],[524],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":525,"properties":20},{"id":483,"createTime":484,"updateTime":484,"relativeEntities":526,"slug":20,"properties":527,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":528},{"VI":488},{"title":530},{"VI":531},"Rashmi Dixit",{"id":533,"sortIndex":271,"researcher":20,"roles":534,"affiliations":535,"properties":544},"b6fa7ddf-21d3-4de3-8fd1-0e9601229d82",[204],[536],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":537,"properties":20},{"id":538,"createTime":539,"updateTime":539,"relativeEntities":540,"slug":20,"properties":541,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"318bbfde-3db4-41d3-883c-512336c1ab87","2023-12-09T06:54:23.794+00:00",[],{"title":542},{"VI":543},"Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India",{"title":545},{"VI":546},"M. 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Daga",{"url":475,"publisher":548,"properties":576},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":549,"slug":10,"properties":550,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":554,"manageAffiliations":555,"indexDatabases":556,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":571,"gsStatistic":20,"type":20,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":551,"eissn":552,"title":553},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},[],[],[557,564],{"id":102,"indexDatabase":558,"url":117,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":563,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":104,"createTime":105,"updateTime":106,"relativeEntities":559,"label":560,"description":561,"key":113,"publicationTags":562,"standard":20},[],{"EN":109,"VI":109},{"VI":111,"EN":112},[115,116],[119],{"id":80,"indexDatabase":565,"url":93,"indexYears":94,"academicFieldIds":570,"indexDatabaseRanking":100},{"id":82,"createTime":83,"updateTime":84,"relativeEntities":566,"label":567,"description":568,"key":90,"publicationTags":569,"standard":20},[],{"EN":87,"VI":87},{"EN":87,"VI":89},[92],[96,97,98,99],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":572,"i10Index":131,"i10IndexLast5Year":132,"totalPublication":133,"totalPublicationByYear":573,"totalCitation":150,"totalCitationByYear":574,"totalCitationPerPublication":163,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":575,"hindexLast5Year":176,"hindex":176},{"2013":122,"2014":123,"2017":124,"2018":125,"2019":126,"2020":127,"2021":128,"2022":129,"2023":130},{"1993":135,"1994":136,"2000":137,"2003":138,"2011":139,"2012":140,"2015":141,"2016":142,"2017":143,"2018":142,"2019":144,"2020":145,"2021":146,"2022":147,"2023":148,"2024":149},{"1993":152,"1994":153,"2000":154,"2003":155,"2012":148,"2016":156,"2017":157,"2018":158,"2019":159,"2020":160,"2021":161,"2022":162},{"1993":165,"1994":166,"2000":154,"2003":167,"2012":168,"2016":169,"2017":170,"2018":171,"2019":172,"2020":173,"2021":174,"2022":175},{"volume":577,"pages":579},{"VOID":578},"47",{"VOID":580},"3446-3458","2022-07-21",2022,{"id":584,"createTime":585,"updateTime":585,"relativeEntities":586,"slug":20,"properties":587,"entityType":196,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":596,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":597,"publicationType":308,"publisherRelationship":668,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":700,"publishYear":701,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":345},"f82c53cc-8f62-4325-ba79-5827f57b415a","2024-01-05T23:57:09.859+00:00",[],{"references":588,"abstract":590,"title":592,"doi":594},{"VOID":589},"El-Sherbiny M. Disorders of sexual differentiation: I. Genetics and pathology. Arab J Urol 2013;11:19-26.\nChavhan GB, Parra DA, Oudjhane K, Miller SF, Babyn PS, Pippi Salle FL. Imaging of ambiguous genitalia: classification and diagnostic approach. Radiographics 2008; 28:1891-1904.\nCohen HL, Sheorain VK. Disorders of sex differentiation. In: Coley B (ed). Caffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging. (12th ed). Elsevier Saunders; 2013.\nWitchel SF. Disorders of sex development. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 48:90-102.\nWisniewski AB, Batista RL, Costa EMF, et al. Management of 46,XY Differences\u002FDisorders of Sex Development (DSD) Throughout Life. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1547-1572.\nMehmood KT, Rentea RM. Ambiguous Genitalia And Disorders of Sexual Differentiation. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.\nAvni FE, Lerisson H, Lobo ML et al.. Plea for a standardized imaging approach to disorders of sex development in neonates: consensus proposal from European Society of Paediatric Radiology task force. Pediatr Radiol. 2019 ;49(9):1240-1247.\nAl Jurayyan NA. Disorders of sex development: diagnostic approaches and management options-an islamic perspective. Malays J Med Sci 2011;18:4-12.\nMcCann-Crosby B, Mansouri R, Dietrich JE, McCullough LB, Sutton VR, Austin EG, Schlomer B, Roth DR, Karaviti L, Gunn S, Hicks MJ, Macias CG. State of the art review in gonadal dysgenesis: challenges in diagnosis and management. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2014;2014:4\nKoziell A, Grundy R. Frasier and Denys-Drash syndromes: different disorders or part of a spectrum? Arch Dis Child 1999;81:365-9.\nHryhorczuk AL, Phelps AS, Yu RN, Chow JS. The radiologist's role in assessing differences of sex development. Pediatr Radiol 2022;52:752-764.\nMoshiri M, Chapman T, Fechner PY, et al. Evaluation and management of disorders of sex development: multidisciplinary approach to a complex diagnosis. Radiographics 2012;32:1599-1618.\nRumack CM, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018.\nTelli O, Gökçe MI, Haciyev P, Soygür T, Burgu B. Transverse testicular ectopia: a rare presentation with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2014;6:180-2\nSameshima YT, Yamanari MG, Silva MA, Neto MJ, Funari MB. The challenging sonographic inguinal canal evaluation in neonates and children: an update of differential diagnoses. Pediatr Radiol 2017;47:461-472\nGarel L, Dubois J, Grignon A, Filiatrault D, Van Vliet G. US of the Pediatric Female Pelvis: A Clinical Perspective. RadioGraphics 2001;21:1393-1407\nGambino J, Caldwell B, Dietrich R, Walot I, Kangarloo H. Congenital disorders of sexual differentiation: MR findings. Am J Roentgenol 1992;158:363-367.\nMansour SM, Hamed ST, Adel L, Kamal RM, Ahmed DM. Does MRI add to ultrasound in the assessment of disorders of sex development?. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81:2403-2410.\nGuerra-Junior G, Andrade KC, Barcelos IHK, Maciel-Guerra AT. Imaging Techniques in the Diagnostic Journey of Disorders of Sex Development. Sex Dev 2018;12:95-99.\nKumar I, Verma A, Ojha R, Aggarwal P, Shukla RC, Srivastava A. Magnetic resonance neurographic confirmation of extensive Plexiform neurofibroma in neurofibromatosis-1 presenting as ambiguous genitalia. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2016;26(3):332-336.\nSlowikowska-Hilczer J, Szarras-Czapnik M, Duranteau L, Rapp M, Walczak-Jedrzejowska R, Marchlewska K, Oszukowska E, Nordenstrom A; dsd-LIFE group. Risk of gonadal neoplasia in patients with disorders\u002Fdifferences of sex development. Cancer Epidemiol 2020;69:101800.",{"EN":591},"Disorders of sexual development (DSD) comprise a complex group of conditions with varied clinical presentations, such as atypical genitalia, non-palpable testes, primary amenorrhea, or infertility. Besides being associated with other congenital anomalies, DSDs bear substantial ethical issues regarding assigning the sex of rearing to the child and future fertility options. Establishing the correct diagnosis is essential for the appropriate management of such cases. Various imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography, genitography, and MRI, when complemented with detailed clinical evaluation and karyotyping, are the key to diagnosing the condition. This article attempts to present a concise approach to various patterns of DSD, which will aid radiologists to solve these diagnostic dilemmas. \n                \n                  \n                    \n                  \n                \n              ",{"EN":593},"Disorders of sexual development: structured radiological reporting and practical approach",{"VOID":595},"10.1007\u002Fs00261-023-04066-x","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00261-023-04066-x",[598,613,629,641,653],{"id":599,"sortIndex":137,"researcher":20,"roles":600,"affiliations":601,"properties":610},"852425cb-7be3-4e5a-9fc1-0296d5b2e498",[204],[602],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":603,"properties":20},{"id":604,"createTime":605,"updateTime":605,"relativeEntities":606,"slug":20,"properties":607,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"5153a829-2c52-4707-a089-2c5e3e2beb02","2023-12-28T09:53:23.336+00:00",[],{"title":608},{"VI":609},"Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India",{"title":611},{"VI":612},"Adity Prakash",{"id":614,"sortIndex":246,"researcher":20,"roles":615,"affiliations":616,"properties":626},"b2bf4b78-0e88-4dea-9cbc-329f84a857d6",[204],[617],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":618,"properties":20},{"id":619,"createTime":620,"updateTime":620,"relativeEntities":621,"slug":622,"properties":623,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"9816efdb-ba5d-45b4-a1ac-f7192267a737","2024-04-05T11:47:57.263+00:00",[],"Department-of-Pediatrics-Institute-of-Medical-Sciences-Banaras-Hindu-University-Varanasi-India",{"title":624},{"VI":625},"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India",{"title":627},{"VI":628},"Priyanka 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Accessed 13 Dec2017\nInci MF, Ozkan F, See TC, Tatli S (2014) Renal transplant complications: diagnostic and therapeutic role of radiology. Can Assoc Radiol J 65(3):242–252. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.carj.2013.06.002\nFananapazir G, Rao R, Corwin MT, et al. (2015) Sonographic evaluation of clinically significant perigraft hematomas in kidney transplant recipients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 205(4):802–806. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2214\u002FAJR.15.14426\nHeffernan E, Zwirewich C, Harris A, Nguan C (2009) Page kidney after renal allograft biopsy: sonographic findings. J Clin Ultrasound 37(4):226–229. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjcu.20465\nGrzelak P, Kurnatowska I, Nowicki M, et al. (2013) The diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the assessment of perirenal hematomas in the early post-operative period after kidney transplantation. Clin Transpl 27(6):E619–E624. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fctr.12257\nKolli KP, LaBerge JM (2016) Interventional management of nonvascular renal transplant complications. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 19(3):218–227. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1053\u002Fj.tvir.2016.06.007\nFontaine AB, Nijjar A, Rangaraj R (1997) Update on the use of percutaneous nephrostomy\u002Fballoon dilation for the treatment of renal transplant leak\u002Fobstruction. J Vasc Interv Radiol 8(4):649–653. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs1051-0443(97)70625-0\nHedegard W, Saad WE, Davies MG (2009) Management of vascular and nonvascular complications after renal transplantation. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 12(4):240–262. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1053\u002Fj.tvir.2009.09.006\nKobayashi K, Censullo M, Rossman L, et al. (2007) Interventional radiologic management of renal transplant dysfunction- indications, limitations, and technical considerations. RadioGraphics 27:1109–1130\nAkbar S, Jafri Z, Amendola M, et al. (2005) Complications of renal transplantation. RadioGraphics 25:1335–1356\nGolriz M, Klauss M, Zeier M, Mehrabi A (2017) Prevention and management of lymphocele formation following kidney transplantation. Transpl Rev (Orlando) 31(2):100–105. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.trre.2016.11.001\nSui W, Lipsky MJ, Matulay JT, et al. (2017) Timing and predictors of early urologic and infectious complications after renal transplant: an analysis of a New York statewide database. Exp Clin Transpl . https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.6002\u002Fect.2016.0357\nMoreno CC, Mittal PK, Ghonge NP, Bhargava P, Heller MT (2016) Imaging complications of renal transplantation. Radiol Clin North Am 54(2):235–249. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.rcl.2015.09.007\nDalgic A, Boyvat F, Karakayali H, et al. (2006) Urologic complications in 1523 renal transplantations: the Baskent University experience. Transpl Proc 38(2):543–547. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.transproceed.2005.12.116\nKnight RJ, Villa M, Laskey R, et al. (2007) Risk factors for impaired wound healing in sirolimus-treated renal transplant recipients. Clin Transpl 21(4):460–465. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1399-0012.2007.00668.x\nOoms LS, Verhelst J, Jeekel J, et al. (2016) Incidence, risk factors, and treatment of incisional hernia after kidney transplantation: an analysis of 1,564 consecutive patients. Surgery 159(5):1407–1411. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.surg.2015.11.017\nLi EN, Silverman RP, Goldberg NH (2005) Incisional hernia repair in renal transplantation patients. Hernia 9(3):231–237. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10029-005-0325-y\nFriedewald S, Molmenti E, Friedewald J, DeJong M, Hamper U (2005) Vascular and nonvascular complications of renal transplants- sonographic evaluation and correlation with other imaging modalities, surgery, and pathology. J Clin Ultrasound 33(3):127–139. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjcu\nVenz S, Kahl A, Hierholzer J, et al. (1999) Contribution of color and power Doppler sonography to the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic rejection, and tacrolimus nephrotoxicity in renal allografts. Transpl Int 12:127–134\nSchwenger V, Korosoglou G, Hinkel UP, et al. (2006) Real-time contrast-enhanced sonography of renal transplant recipients predicts chronic allograft nephropathy. Am J Transpl 6(3):609–615. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1600-6143.2005.01224.x\nBenozzi L, Cappelli G, Granito M, et al. (2009) Contrast-enhanced sonography in early kidney graft dysfunction. Transpl Proc 41(4):1214–1215. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.transproceed.2009.03.029\nZeisbrich M, Kihm LP, Druschler F, Zeier M, Schwenger V (2015) When is contrast-enhanced sonography preferable over conventional ultrasound combined with Doppler imaging in renal transplantation? Clin Kidney J 8(5):606–614. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fckj\u002Fsfv070\nKazmierski B, Deurdulian C, Tchelepi H, Grant EG (2017) Applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the kidney. Abdom Radiol (NY) . https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00261-017-1307-0\nHumar A, Ramcharan T, Kandaswamy R, et al. (2002) Risk factors for slow graft function after kidney transplants: a multivariate analysis. Clin Transpl 16(6):425–429\nOjo AO, Wolfe RA, Held PJ, Port FK, Schmouder RL (1997) Delayed graft function: risk factors and implications for renal allograft survival. Transplantation 63(7):968–974\nSingh R, Geerlings SE, Peters-Sengers H, et al. (2016) Incidence, risk factors, and the impact of allograft pyelonephritis on renal allograft function. Transpl Infect Dis 18(5):647–660. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Ftid.12568\nRubin RH (1993) Infectious disease complications of renal transplantation. Kidney International 44(1):221–236. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fki.1993.234\nSchmaldienst S, Dittrich E, Horl W (2002) Urinary tract infections after renal transplantation. Curr Opin Urol 12:125–130\nEggli KD, Eggli D (1992) Color Doppler sonography in pyelonephritis. Pediatr Radiol 22(6):422–425\nGranata A, Andrulli S, Fiorini F, et al. (2011) Diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in kidney transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transpl 26(2):715–720. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fndt\u002Fgfq417\nWeber TM, Lockhart ME (2013) Renal transplant complications. Abdom Imaging 38(5):1144–1154. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00261-013-0005-9\nRubens DJ, Bhatt S, Nedelka S, Cullinan J (2006) Doppler artifacts and pitfalls. Radiol Clin North Am 44(6):805–835. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.rcl.2006.10.014\nKrambeck AE, Leroy AJ, Patterson DE, Gettman MT (2008) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy success in the transplant kidney. J Urol 180(6):2545–2549. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.juro.2008.08.032\nVajdic C, McDonald S, McCredie M, et al. (2006) Cancer Incidence before and after kidney transplantation. JAMA 296(23):2823–2831\nEngels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Fraumeni JF Jr, et al. (2011) Spectrum of cancer risk among US solid organ transplant recipients. JAMA 306(17):1891–1901. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1001\u002Fjama.2011.1592\nHoover R, Fraumeni JF Jr (1973) Risk of cancer in renal-transplant recipients. Lancet 302(7820):55–57\nNewstead C (2000) Lymphoproliferative disease post-renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transpl 15:1913–1916\nTaylor AL, Marcus R, Bradley JA (2005) Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) after solid organ transplantation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 56(1):155–167. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.critrevonc.2005.03.015\nHosseini-Moghaddam SM, Alhomayeed B, Soliman N, Weir MA, House AA (2016) Primary Epstein–Barr virus infection, seroconversion, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in seronegative renal allograft recipients: a prospective cohort study. Transpl Infect Dis 18(3):423–430. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Ftid.12533\nVrachliotis T, Vaswani K, Davies E, et al. (2000) CT findings in posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder of renal transplants. AJR Am J Roentgenol 175:183–188",{"EN":812},"In patients with end-stage renal disease, the treatment of choice for most patients is renal transplantation. Complications that occur after kidney transplant can be broadly divided into vascular and non-vascular categories. Non-vascular complications can further be divided into surgical and medical categories. When evaluating renal transplant imaging, it is helpful to consider the occurrence of complications in a timeline from time of surgery. Ultrasound is often the first modality used for evaluation of renal transplants particularly in the early postoperative period. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be a helpful adjunct in evaluating certain complications such as hematoma, rejection, and infection. Computed tomography (CT) is also helpful in accurately diagnosing complications. Surgical complications include perinephric fluid collections (hematoma, urinoma from urine leak, abscess, and lymphocele), urinary obstruction, and incisional fluid collections and hernias. One major category of medical complications that affect the renal parenchyma includes rejection (hyperacute, acute, and chronic), delayed graft function, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), and nephrotoxicity. Infection, renal calculi, and neoplasms such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease are medical complications that occur after renal transplantation. 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Insights Imaging 6(6):665–677\nJia JB, Lall C, Tirkes T, et al. (2015) Chemotherapy-related complications in the kidneys and collecting system: an imaging perspective. Insights Imaging 6(4):479–487\nMariani A, Camilleri M, Petersen IA, et al. (2008) Audit of suspected chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in patients with gynecologic cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 29:578\nHurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. (2004) Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 350:2335–2342\nGressett SM, Shah SR (2009) Intricacies of bevacizumab-induced toxicities and their management. Ann Pharmacother 43:490–501\nVan Cutsem E, Rivera F, Berry S, et al. (2009) Safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab with FOLFOX, XELOX, FOLFIRI and fluoropyrimidines in metastatic colorectal cancer: the BEAT study. Ann Oncol 20:1842–1847\nKelvin FM, Gramm HF, Gluck WL, et al. 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Radiographics 23:1561\nWat SY, Harish S, Winterbottom A, Choudhary AK, Freeman AH (2006) The CT appearances of sclerosing mesenteritis and associated diseases. Clin Radiol. 61(8):652–658\nValls C (2000) Fat-ring sign in sclerosing mesenteritis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 174:259–260\nGhanem N, Pache G, Bley T, et al. (2005) MR findings in a rare case of sclerosing mesenteritis of the mesocolon. J Magn Reson Imaging 21:632",{"EN":977},{"EN":1139},"Cancer therapy-induced complications in the bowel and mesentery are fairly common. It is important for clinicians to be aware of these complications and the agents most frequently implicated. Cancer therapy is rapidly evolving and often encompasses both classic cytotoxic drugs and newer molecular targeted agents. Drugs from both broad classes can have numerous adverse effects on the bowel and mesentery that can be detected on imaging. These adverse effects include ileus, various forms of enterocolitis, gastrointestinal perforation, pneumatosis intestinalis, secretory diarrhea, and sclerosing mesenteritis. These complications are diverse and range from relatively benign to life threatening. The management is also variable, but many of these conditions are easily controlled and reversed with supportive care and cessation of the particular cancer therapy. The objective of this pictorial essay is to demonstrate some of the more common cancer therapy-induced complications of the bowel and mesentery, with a focus on the radiographic findings.",{"EN":1141},"Cancer therapy-related complications in the bowel and mesentery: an imaging perspective",{"VOID":1143},"10.1007\u002Fs00261-016-0799-3","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00261-016-0799-3",[1146,1162,1178,1190,1205,1217],{"id":1147,"sortIndex":137,"researcher":20,"roles":1148,"affiliations":1149,"properties":1159},"e6eff0f1-678f-4a3a-a0f5-5067561776a9",[204],[1150],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1151,"properties":20},{"id":1152,"createTime":1153,"updateTime":1153,"relativeEntities":1154,"slug":1155,"properties":1156,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"d5e47815-3bfe-40e6-8a17-635714be168e","2024-04-07T23:53:08.958+00:00",[],"Department-of-Radiological-Sciences-University-of-California-Irvine-School-of-Medicine-Orange-USA",{"title":1157},{"VI":1158},"Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, USA",{"title":1160},{"VI":1161},"Ayeh Darvishzadeh",{"id":1163,"sortIndex":246,"researcher":20,"roles":1164,"affiliations":1165,"properties":1175},"e1184fb0-a9f3-4da1-8d26-576770163913",[204],[1166],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1167,"properties":20},{"id":1168,"createTime":1169,"updateTime":1169,"relativeEntities":1170,"slug":1171,"properties":1172,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"ccef629d-93e7-4b3f-8134-6b11c9ad2dda","2024-04-07T23:53:08.973+00:00",[],"Department-of-Internal-Medicine-University-of-California-Irvine-School-of-Medicine-Orange-USA",{"title":1173},{"VI":1174},"Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, USA",{"title":1176},{"VI":1177},"Ankush Sharma",{"id":1179,"sortIndex":297,"researcher":20,"roles":1180,"affiliations":1181,"properties":1187},"298281ab-1299-4d0e-ba6c-f1c36d1530c8",[204],[1182],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1183,"properties":20},{"id":1152,"createTime":1153,"updateTime":1153,"relativeEntities":1184,"slug":1155,"properties":1185,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":1186},{"VI":1158},{"title":1188},{"VI":1189},"Chandana Lall",{"id":1191,"sortIndex":284,"researcher":20,"roles":1192,"affiliations":1193,"properties":1202},"e67d1b6b-405d-4d4d-af2e-e1c31ef05a25",[204],[1194],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1195,"properties":20},{"id":1196,"createTime":1197,"updateTime":1197,"relativeEntities":1198,"slug":20,"properties":1199,"entityType":64,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"7c064238-9dd1-4867-a2fc-4e568e255b8f","2023-12-06T11:00:50.625+00:00",[],{"title":1200},{"VI":1201},"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA",{"title":1203},{"VI":1204},"Silvana C. 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