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Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. New York: Norton.\nArvedlund, Erin E. 2001. Don’t ask, don’t tell. Barron’s. May 7: 26.\nBaker, Wayne E., and Robert R. Faulkner. 1993. The social organization of conspiracy: Illegal networks in the heavy electrical equipment industry. American Sociological Review 58(6): 837–860.\nBok, Sissela. 1989a. Lying: Moral choice in public and private life. New York: Vintage.\nBok, Sissela. 1989b. Secrets: On the ethics of concealment and revelation. New York: Vintage.\nCalarco, Jessica McCrory. 2011. “I need help!” Social class and children’s help-seeking in elementary school. American Sociological Review 76(6): 862–882.\nClayman, Steven E. 2001. Answers and evasions. Language in Society 30(3): 403–442.\nCowan, Sarah K. 2014. Secrets and misperceptions: The creation of self-fulfilling illusions. Sociological Science 1: 466–492.\nEkman, Paul. 2009. Telling lies: Clues to deceit in the marketplace, politics, and marriage, 4th edn. New York: Norton.\nErickson, Bonnie H. 1981. Secret societies and social structure. Social Forces 60(1): 188–210.\nFrankel, Tamar. 2012. The Ponzi scheme puzzle: A history and analysis of con artists and victims. New York: Oxford University Press.\nGibson, David R. 2000. Seizing the moment: The problem of conversational agency. Sociological Theory 18(3): 369–382.\nGibson, David R. 2005. Opportunistic interruptions: Interactional vulnerabilities deriving from linearization. Social Psychology Quarterly 68(4): 316–337.\nGibson, David R. 2011. Avoiding catastrophe: The interactional production of possibility during the Cuban missile crisis. American Journal of Sociology 117(2): 361–419.\nGibson, David R. 2012. Talk at the brink: Deliberation and decision during the Cuban missile crisis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.\nGibson, David R. 2014. Enduring illusions: The social organization of secrecy and deception. Sociological Theory 32(4): 283–306.\nGoffman, Erving. 1959. The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday.\nGoffman, Erving. 1969. Strategic interaction. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.\nGoffman, Erving. 1986. Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon & Schuster.\nHarris, Sam. 2013. Lying. Los Angeles: Four Elephants Press.\nHenriques, Diana B. 2011. The wizard of lies: Bernie Madoff and the death of trust. New York: Times Books.\nHeritage, John. 2012. Espistemics in action: Action formation and territories of knowledge. Research on Language and Social Interaction 45(1): 1–29.\nHeritage, John, and Geoffrey Raymond. 2005. The terms of agreement: Indexing epistemic authority and subordination in talk-in-interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly 68(1): 15–38.\nHeritage, J.C., and D.R. Watson. 1979. Formulations as conversational objects. In Everyday language: Studies in ethnomethodology, ed. George Psathas, 123–162. New York: John Wiley & Sons.\nKatz, Jack. 1977. Cover-up and collective integrity: On the natural antagonisms of authority internal and external to organizations. Social Problems 25(1): 3–17.\nKatz, Jack. 1979. Concerted ignorance: The social construction of the cover-up. Urban Life 8(3): 295–316.\nKay, David A. 1995. Denial and deception practices of WMD proliferators: Iraq and beyond. The Washington Quarterly 18(1): 83–105.\nKirtzman, Andrew. 2010. Betrayal: The life and lies of Bernie Madoff. New York: Harper.\nLewis, Lionel S. 2013. The confidence game: Madoff and the 17th floor ensemble. Society 50(5): 493–502.\nMarkopolos, Harry. 2010. No one would listen. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.\nMaynard, Douglas W. 1991. Interaction and asymmetry in clinical discourse. American Journal of Sociology 97(2): 448–495.\nMorrill, Calvin. 1995. The executive way. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\nNewman, Katherine S., Cybelle Fox, David Harding, Jal Mehta, and Wendy Roth. 2005. Rampage: The social roots of school shootings. New York: Basic.\nNippert-Eng, Christena E. 2010. Islands of privacy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\nPalmer, Donald, and Michael W. Maher. 2006. Developing the process model of collective corruption. Journal of Management Inquiry 15(4): 363–370.\nPalmer, Donald, and Christopher B. Yenkey. 2015. Drugs, sweat, and gears: An organizational analysis of performance-enhancing drug use in the 2010 Tour de France. Social Forces 94(2): 891–922.\nRaymond, Geoffrey T. 2003. Grammar and social organization: Yes\u002Fno type interrogatives and the structure of responding. American Sociological Review 68(6): 939–967.\nSacks, Harvey. 1984. Notes on methodology. In Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis, eds. J. Maxwell Atkinson, and John Heritage, 21–27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\nSacks, Harvey. 1987. On the preferences for agreement and contiguity in sequences in conversation. In Talk and social organisation, eds. Graham Button and John R.E. Lee, 54–69. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters.\nSacks, Harvey, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson. 1974. A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50(4): 696–735.\nSchegloff, Emanuel A. 1982. Discourse as an interactional achievement: Some uses of ‘‘uh huh’’ and other things that come between sentences. In Georgetown University roundtable on language and linguistics, ed. Deborah Tannen, 71–93. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.\nSchegloff, Emanuel A. 1987a. Analyzing single episodes of interaction: An exercise in conversation analysis. Social Psychology Quarterly 50(2): 101–114.\nSchegloff, Emanuel A. 1987b. Between micro and macro: Contexts and other connections. In The micro-macro link, eds. Jeffrey C. Alexander, Bernhard Giesen, Richard Munch, and Neil J. Smelser, 207–234. Berkeley: University of California Press.\nSchegloff, Emanuel A. 1992a. On talk and its institutional occasions. In Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings, eds. Paul Drew and John Heritage, 101–134. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.\nSchegloff, Emanuel A. 1992b. Repair after next turn: The last structurally provided defense of intersubjectivity in conversation. American Journal of Sociology 97(5): 1295–1345.\nSchegloff, Emanuel A. 1996. Confirming allusions: Toward an empirical account of action. American Journal of Sociology 102(1): 161–216.\nSchegloff, Emanuel A. 2002. The surfacing of the suppressed. In Studies in language and social interaction: In honor of Robert Hopper, eds. Phillip Glenn, Curtis D. LeBaron, and Jenny Mandelbaum, 204–223. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.\nSchiffrin, Deborah. 1987. Discourse markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\nSEC. 2009. Invesigation of failure of the SEC to uncover Bernard Madoff’s Ponzi scheme. United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of Inspector General: Washington D.C.\nSimmel, Georg. 1950. The sociology of Georg Simmel. Translated by Kurt H. Wolff. New York: Free Press.\nVaughan, Diane. 1983. Controlling unlawful organizational behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\nWhyte, William Foote. 1943. Street corner society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\nZerubavel, Eviatar. 2006. The elephant in the room: Silence and denial in everyday life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\nZimmerman, Don H., and Candace West. 1975. Sex roles, interruptions and silences in conversation. In Language and sex: Difference and dominance, eds. Berrie Thorne and Nancy Henley, 105–129. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.",{"EN":348},"Most long-lived organizational deceptions require the cooperation of outsiders who are close enough to the deception to suspect it, yet deliberately limit their knowledge so as to maintain plausible deniability. The interaction of such “proximate outsiders” with insiders—those who are fully “in the know”—can be a delicate affair, yet its careful management is essential to the survival of the deception. I analyze a phone conversation between Ponzi schemer Bernard Madoff and executives at Fairfield Greenwich, the investment firm that funneled him the most money, in which they discussed an impending SEC examination. First I examine Madoff’s attempts to cajole the executives into affirming (to Madoff and eventually to the SEC) that their hands-off approach to his operation was unremarkable. Next I consider two instances in which Madoff floundered in his explanations, repeatedly aborting and restarting sentences as he attempted to explain the inexplicable and reconcile the irreconcilable. Finally, I analyze Madoff’s handling of two of the executives’ more intrusive questions, and the part that each side played in the resulting non-answer. 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The police and the black male. In Constructions of deviance: Social power, context, and interaction, ed. Patricia Adler and Peter Adler, 122–133. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Co.\nAsad, Talal. 2009. Genealogies of religion: Discipline and reasons of power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.\nAslam, Maleeha. 2012. Gender-based explosions: The nexus between Muslim masculinities, jihadist Islamism and terrorism. New York: United Nations University Press.\nAslan, Reza. 2006. No god but god: The origins, evolution, and future of Islam. New York: Random House.\nAslan, Reza. 2009. How to win a cosmic war: God, globalization, and the end of the war on terror. New York: Random House.\nBail, Chris. 2014. Terrified: How anti-Muslim fringe organizations became mainstream. New Brunswick: Princeton University Press.\nBailey, Kenneth D. 1994. Methods of social research. New York: Free Press.\nBanks, William. 2005. United States response to September 11. In Global anti-terrorism law and policy, ed. Victor V. Ramraj, Michael Hor, and Kent Roach, 490–510. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\nBarkdull, Carenlee., Khadija Khaja, Irene Queiro-Tajalli, Amy Swart, Dianne Cunningham, and Shiela Dennis. 2011. Experiences of Muslims in four western countries post-9\u002F11. Journal of Women and Social Work 26 (2): 139–153.\nBartkowski, John P. 2004. The promise keepers: Servants, soldiers, and godly men. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.\nBartkowski, John P., and Jen’nan Ghazal Read. 2003. Veiled submission: Gender, power, and identity among evangelical and Muslim women in the United States. Qualitative Sociology 26 (1): 71–92.\nBhala, Raj. 2011. Understanding Islamic law. Newton: Reed Elsevier.\nBiernacki, Patrick, and Dan Waldorf. 1981. Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods and Research 10 (2): 141–163.\nBilici, Mucahit. 2012. Finding Mecca in America: How Islam is becoming an American religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\nBraziel, Jana E., and Anita Mannur. 2003. Theorizing diaspora: A reader. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.\nBrekke, Torkel. 2012. Fundamentalism: Prophecy and protest in the age of globalization. New York: Cambridge University Press.\nByng, Michelle. 1998. Mediating discrimination: Resisting oppression among African-American Muslim women. Social Problems 45: 473–487.\nCenter on Security Policy. 2009. Terror from within: A panel discussion on ‘stealth Jihad’. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.centerforsecuritypolicy.org\u002Fp17882.xml. Accessed 22 Sept 2011.\nChavez, Leo. 2013. The Latino threat: Constructing immigrants, citizens, and the nation. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.\nCoalition to Honor Ground Zero. 2010. About us. http:\u002F\u002Fstopthe911mosque.com\u002Fabout-2. Accessed 22 Sept 2011.\nConnell, R.W. 2005. Masculinities. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press.\nConnell, R.W., and Julian Wood. 2005. Globalization and business masculinities. Men and Masculinities 7 (4): 347–364.\nDeeb, Lara. 2006. An enchanted modern: Gender and public piety in Shiʿi Lebanon. Princeton: Princeton University Press.\nDevereaux, Ryan. 2012. Muslim students monitored by the NYPD: ‘It just brings everything home’. The Guardian. February 22. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fworld\u002F2012\u002Ffeb\u002F22\u002Fnypd-surveillance-muslim-student- groups. Accessed 10 Apr 2013.\nEl Guindi, Fadwa. 2005. Gendered resistance, feminist veiling, Islamic feminism. The Ahfad Journal 22 (1): 53–78.\nEmerson, Steven. 2006. Jihad incorporated: A guide to militant Islam in the US. New York: Prometheus Books.\nEwing, Heidi, and Rachel Grady. 2013. The education of Mohammed Hussein. New York: Home Box Office.\nFadil, Nadia. 2009. Managing affects and sensibilities: The case of not handshaking and not fasting. Social Anthropology 17 (4): 439–454.\nGeller, Pamela. 2015. Co-conspirators: Muslim student associations (MSAs) against ‘countering violent extremism’ measures. Pamelageller.com. February 22. https:\u002F\u002Fpamelageller.com\u002F2015\u002F02\u002Fco-conspirators-muslim-student-associations-msas-against-countering-violent-extremism-measures.html. Accessed 12 Oct 2015.\nGerami, Shahin. 2005. Islamic masculinity and Muslim masculinities. In Handbook of studies on men and masculinities, ed. Michael S. Kimmel, Jeff R. Hearn, and R.W. Connell, 448–457. Thousand Oaks: Sage.\nGerschick, Thomas. 2005. Masculinity and degrees of bodily normativity in western cultures. In Handbook of studies on men and masculinity, ed. Michael S. Kimmel, Jeff R. Hearn, and R.W. Connell, 367–378. Thousand Oaks: Sage.\nGoffman, Erving. 1959. The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Doubleday.\nGoffman, Erving. 1963. Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.\nGoffman, Erving. 1967. Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face interaction. New York: Anchor Books.\nGoffman, Erving. 1979. Gender advertisements. New York: Harper and Row.\nGowen, Catherine W., and Thomas W. Britt. 2006. The interactive effects of homosexual speech and sexual orientation on the stigmatization of men: Evidence for expectancy violation theory. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 25 (4): 437–456.\nGrantham, Christian. 2010. Murfreesboro mosque opponents appear in chancery court. The Murfreesboro Post. September 27. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.murfreesboropost.com\u002Fmurfreesboro-mosqueopponents-appear-in-chancery-court-cms-24572. Accessed 28 Sept 2010.\nHafez, Mohammed M. 2007. Martyrdom mythology in Iraq: How jihadists frame suicide terrorism in videos and biographies. Terrorism and Political Violence 19 (1): 95–115.\nHermansen, Marcia. 2003. How to put the genie back in the bottle? Identity, Islam and Muslim youth cultures in America. In Progressive Muslims: On justice, gender, and pluralism, ed. Omid Safi, 306–319. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.\nHowarth, Caroline. 2006. Race as stigma: Positioning the stigmatized as agents, not objects. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 16 (6): 442–451.\nIbrahim, Dina. 2010. The framing of Islam on network news following the September 11th attacks. International Communication Gazette 72 (1): 111–125.\nIrby, Courtney. 2014. Dating in light of Christ: Young evangelicals negotiating gender in the context of religious and secular American culture. Sociology of Religion 75 (2): 260–283.\nKhalilullah, Ismail. 2011. Keeping the beard: Is it mandatory in Islam? Alim.org . http:\u002F\u002Fwww.alim.org\u002Fgroup-post\u002F163857\u002F164196. Accessed 8 Oct 2015.\nKhosravi, Shahram. 2012. White masks\u002FMuslim names: Immigrants and name-changing in Sweden. Race & Class 53 (3): 65–80.\nKhosrokhavar, Farhad, and David Macey. 2005. Suicide bombers: Allah’s new martyrs. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.\nKimmel, Michael. 2005. Globalization and its mal(e)contents: The gendered moral and political economy of terrorism. In Handbook of studies on men and masculinities, ed. Michael S. Kimmel, Jeff R. Hearn, and R.W. Connell, 414–431. Thousand Oaks: Sage.\nKunst, Jonas R., Hajra Tajamal, David L. Sam, and Pål Ulleberg. 2012. Coping with islamophobia: The effects of religious stigma on Muslim minorities’ identity formation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 36 (4): 518–532.\nLeBel, Thomas P. 2008. Perceptions of and responses to stigma. Sociology Compass 2 (2): 409–432.\nLee, Raymond M., and Claire M. Renzetti. 1993. The problems of researching sensitive topics: An overview and introduction. In Researching sensitive topics, ed. Claire M. Renzetti and Raymond M. Lee, 3–13. Newbury Park: Sage.\nLyon, David. 2002. Surveillance as social sorting: Privacy, risk and automated discrimination. New York: Routledge.\nMacdonald, Myra. 2006. Muslim women and the veil: Problems of image and voice in media representations. Feminist media studies 6 (1): 7–23.\nMamdani, Mahmood. 2005. Good Muslim, bad Muslim: America, the cold war, and the roots of terror. New York: Three Leaves Publishing.\nMeer, Nasar, Claire Dwyer, and Tariq Modood. 2010. Embodying nationhood? Conceptions of British national identity, citizenship, and gender in the ‘veil affair. The Sociological Review 58 (1): 84–111.\nMerod, Amy. 2016. Donald Trump questions army father's DNC speech. wife's silence. NBC News. (July 30) http:\u002F\u002Fwww.nbcnews.com\u002Fpolitics\u002F2016election\u002Fdonald-trump-questions-army-father-sdnc-speech-wife-s-n620241. Accessed 2 Aug 2016.\nMishra, Smeeta. 2007. Saving Muslim women and fighting Muslim men: Analysis of representations in the New York times. Global Media Journal 6 (11): 1–33.\nMoghissi, Haideh, and Halleh Ghorashi. 2010. Muslim diasporas in the west: Negotiating gender, home and belonging. United Kingdom: MPG Books.\nNaber, Nadine. 2008. Look, Mohammed the terrorist is coming. In Race and Arab Americans before and after 9\u002F11: From invisible citizens to visible subjects, ed. Jamal Amaney and Nadine Naber, 276–303. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.\nNagel, Joane. 2005. Nation. In Handbook of studies on men and masculinities, ed. Michael S. Kimmel, Jeff R. Hearn, and R.W. Connell, 397–413. Thousand Oaks: Sage.\nNielsen, Michael E., and Daryl White. 2008. Men’s grooming in the latter-day saints church: A qualitative study of norm violation. Mental Health, Religion, and Culture 11 (8): 807–825.\nO’Brien, John. 2011. Spoiled group identities and backstage work: A theory of stigma management rehearsals. Social Psychology Quarterly 74 (3): 291–309.\nObeidallah, Dean. 2014. 13 years after 9\u002F11, anti-Muslim bigotry is worse than ever. The Daily Beast. September 11. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thedailybeast.com\u002F13-years-after-911-anti-muslim-bigotry-is-worse-than-ever. Accessed 11 Sept 2015.\nOliver, Paul. 2006. Snowball sampling. In The SAGE dictionary of social research methods, ed. Victor Jupp, 281–282. Thousand Oaks: Sage.\nOuzgane, Lahoucine. 2006. Islamic masculinities. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.\nPeek, Lori. 2005. Becoming Muslim: The development of a religious identity. Sociology of Religion 66 (3): 215–242.\nPeek, Lori. 2011. Behind the backlash: Muslim Americans after 9\u002F11. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.\nPipes, Daniel. 2010. Reflections on an Islamic center in lower Manhattan. Lion’s Den. August 16. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.danielpipes.org\u002Fblog\u002F2010\u002F08\u002Fislamic-center-lower-manhattan. Accessed 6 July 2011.\nPlatzer, Hazel, and Trudi James. 1997. Methodological issues conducting sensitive research on lesbian and gay men’s experiences of nursing care. Journal of Advanced Nursing 25 (3): 626–633.\nPost, Jerrold M., and Gabriel Sheffer. 2006. Risk of radicalization and terrorism in US Muslim communities. The Brown Journal of World Affairs 13: 101–112.\nPowell, Michael. 2012. Police monitoring and a climate of fear. New York Times. (February 27) http:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2012\u002F02\u002F28\u002Fnyregion\u002Fnypd-muslim-monitoring-and-a-climate-of-fear.html?_r=0. Accessed 6 July 2013.\nRazack, Sherene H. 2004. Imperiled Muslim women, dangerous Muslim men and civilised Europeans: Legal and social responses to forced marriages. Feminist Legal Studies 12 (2): 129–174.\nRyan, Louise. 2011. Muslim women negotiating collective stigmatisation: ‘We’re just normal people. Sociology 45(6): 1–16.\nRyan, Louise, Eleonore Kofman, and Pauline Aaron. 2011. Insiders and outsiders: Working with peer researchers in researching Muslim communities. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 14 (1): 49–60.\nSadler, Georgia, Hau-Chen Lee, Rod Seung-Hwan Lim, and Judith Fullerton. 2010. Recruitment of hard-to-reach population subgroups via adaptations of the snowball sampling strategy. Nursing & Health Sciences 12 (3): 369–374.\nSageman, Marc. 2008. Leaderless Jihad: Terror networks in the twenty-first century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.\nSeibold, Marisol. 2011. Muslim student associations: The mother ship of all the Muslim brotherhood front groups. Jihad watch. March 22. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jihadwatch.org\u002F2011\u002F03\u002Fmuslim-students-association-the-mother-ship-of-all-the-muslim-brotherhood-front-groups. Accessed 13 Jan 2016.\nShaheen, Jack. 2001. Reel bad Arabs: How Hollywood vilifies a people. Northampton: Interlink Publishing.\nShams, Tahseen. 2015. Bangladeshi Muslims in Mississippi: Impression management based on the intersectionality of religion, ethnicity, and gender. Cultural Dynamics 27 (3): 379–397.\nSilber, Mitchell D., and Arvin Bhatt. 2007. Radicalization in the west: The homegrown threat. New York Police Department. https:\u002F\u002Finfo.publicintelligence.net\u002FNYPDradicalization.pdf. Accessed 22 Sept 2011.\nSpencer, Robert. 2014. Robert Spencer on the Sean Hannity show on support for Jihad terror in US mosques. Jihad watch. (December 14) https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jihadwatch.org\u002F2015\u002F12\u002Fvideo-robert-spencer-on-the-sean-hannity-show-on-support-for-jihad-terror-in-us-mosques. Accessed 13 Jan 2016.\nSt. Claire, Robert, and Valdes Guadalupe. 1980. The sociology of code-switching. Language Sciences 2 (2): 205–221. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0388000180800131?via%3Dihub.\nU.S. Congwress. 2011. House homeland security committee hearing on Islamist radicalization in the United States. Serial no. 112–9, 1st session. Washington, D.C. march 10, June 15, and July 27.\nU.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 2010. Changes to the NSEERS program. ICE. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ice.gov\u002Fpi\u002Fnews\u002Ffactsheets\u002FNSEERSFAQ120103.htm. Accessed 15 Feb 2010.\nWajahat, Ali, Eli Clifton, Matthew Duss, Lee Fang, Scott Keyes, and Faiz Shakir. 2011. Fear, Inc., the roots of the islamophobia network in America. Center for American Progress. August 11. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.americanprogress.org\u002Fissues\u002Freligion\u002Freports\u002F2011\u002F08\u002F26\u002F10165\u002Ffear-inc. Accessed 10 Mar 2016.\nWaters, Mary C., and Tomas R. Jimenez. 2005. Assessing assimilation: New empirical and theoretical challenges. American Review of. Sociology 31: 105–125.\nWest, Candace, and Don H. Zimmerman. 1987. Doing gender. Gender & Society 1 (2): 125–151.\nWilcox, Bradford. 2004. Soft patriarchs, new men: How Christianity shapes fathers and husbands. Chicago: Chicago University Press.\nWilliams, Rhys H., and Gira Vashi. 2007. Hijab and American Muslim women: Creating the space for autonomous selves. Sociology of Religion 68 (3): 269–287.\nWinchester, Daniel. 2008. Embodying the faith: Religious practice and the making of a Muslim moral habitus. Social Forces 86 (4): 1753–1780.",{"EN":549},"In Western contexts, the social identities of Muslim men pose a persistent predicament. Yet few studies have conceptualized the ways in which these identities are negotiated in encounters with non-Muslim publics. In this study, I examine how Muslim men experience, interpret, and cope with anti-Islamic attitudes by analyzing in-depth interviews with twenty-six young observant Muslims living in the midwestern United States. I find that participants use a combination of embodied, relational, situational, and gender-signifying strategies to manage interactions with non-Muslim audiences. Using a dramaturgical framework, I conceptualize these strategies as allaying embodiment, venial accommodation, and claiming normality, and distinguish each in terms of individual adherence and collaborative appeals to prevailing gender norms in American culture. This conciliatory course of action suggests that Muslims’ experiences of stigma are contoured by (a) an awareness of and ability to confront deviant gender displays, and (b) the physical, relational, discursive, and situational intrusions of these displays—the vicinity of stigma. The implications of this research for how stigmatized groups confront and reconcile in-group\u002Fout-group gender expectations are also discussed.",{"EN":551},"Non-threatening Muslim Men: Stigma Management and Religious Observance in America",{"VOID":553},"10.1007\u002Fs11133-018-9372-4","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11133-018-9372-4",[556],{"id":557,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":558,"affiliations":559,"properties":568},"41390f4c-ebfd-49b2-8ed7-17f03ac63168",[223],[560],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":561,"properties":20},{"id":562,"createTime":563,"updateTime":563,"relativeEntities":564,"slug":20,"properties":565,"entityType":41,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"abd52e5c-7136-49e4-89d2-ab32ad321626","2023-12-05T07:09:14.228+00:00",[],{"title":566},{"VI":567},"Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA",{"title":569},{"VI":570},"Pooya S. 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Stanford University Press.\nColby, B. N. 1973 “A Partial Grammar of Eskimo Folktales” American Anthropologist 75 (3) 645–662.\nColby, B. N. and L. M. Colby 1981 The Daykeeper; the Life and Thought of an Ixil Diviner. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.\nFaris, J. C. 1972 Nuba Personal Art. London: Duckworth.\nMehan, H. 1979 Learning Lessons: Social Organization in the Classroom. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.\nPropp, V. 1968 Morphology of the Folktale. 2nd rev. edition, L. A. Wagner (ed.) Austin: University of Texas Press.\nRoberts, J. M. 1964 The Self-Management of Cultures. In Explorations in Cultural Anthropology; Essays in Honor of George Peter Murdock. Ward Goodenough (ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.\nRomney, A. K., S. C. Weller, and W. H. Batchelder 1986 “Culture as Consensus: A Theory of Culture and Informant Accuracy.” American Anthropologist 88 (2) 313–338.\nSpencer, R. F. 1959 The North Alaskan Eskimo. Washington D.C. Bureau of American Ethnology.\nWatt, W. C. 1986 “Canons of Alphabetic Change” Studies in the Cognitive Sciences 38. Irvine, CA.: School of Social Science, University of California, Irvine.",{"EN":281},{"EN":618},"This paper describes current theoretical work in a cognitive anthropological approach to the analysis of oral literature. A theory of narrative grammar is presented along with the description of a computer program, SAGE, that is currently under development. SAGE facilitates the labelling of clauses and sentences by different types of semantic features. It maps and counts the occurrences of these in the stories analyzed.",{"EN":620},"Content analysis, cultural grammars, and computers",{"VOID":622},"10.1007\u002FBF00989646","Author affiliation is blank","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00989646",[626,641,649],{"id":627,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":628,"affiliations":629,"properties":638},"56738061-62d2-49b0-8d2e-fba3a5651903",[223],[630],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":631,"properties":20},{"id":632,"createTime":633,"updateTime":633,"relativeEntities":634,"slug":20,"properties":635,"entityType":41,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"b7346da7-1d19-413c-b736-382375453367","2023-12-06T04:30:53.354+00:00",[],{"title":636},{"VI":637},"School of Social Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine",{"title":639},{"VI":640},"Benjamin N. 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The present study uses an interactionist\u002Finterpretive investigation of baseball hitters and pitchers (N=21). Data were gathered by analysis of in-depth semistructured interviews with members of a college baseball team. A photo-elicitation interviewing technique was used with videotapes of the players in game situations. Players were asked to respond to the experience of hitting and pitching while observing the videotapes of themselves. The emotional experiences that emerged from the interviews focused on managing and maintaining their emotions within an optimal level of arousal. 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