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Introgression occurs via triploid hybrids. We evaluated the fertility of triploid birch by examining pollen viability and seed germination. Pollen samples were collected from woodlands throughout Iceland from 99 plants, including 22 triploid hybrids. The germination of pollen from the triploid hybrids was about one third that of the diploid or tetraploid species (mean values: 9% vs. 26% and 29%). Most triploid plants had a pollen germination of less than 2%. However, some showed exceptionally high pollen fertility (six plants: 11–79%). Microscopic examination revealed normal pollen tube growth and elongation in hybrids with low germination, while other hybrids showed abnormal tube growth. Fluorescence microscopy indicated pollen viability in all ploidy groups, with green autofluorescence from the cytoplasmic contents and red fluorescence from the exine wall. The Aniline test of pollen viability showed that grains with three pores (normal, triporate grains) stained positively, but non-triporate grains were unstained and empty. Germination tests were performed on seeds collected from 246 plants, including 21 triploid hybrids. The germination percentage of seeds from triploid hybrid plants was about 20 times lower than that of the diploid or the tetraploid species (population means: 0–4% vs. 3–41% and 6–54%). The present study shows that triploid birch hybrids are not sterile. Both the paternal and maternal fertility of the hybrids should be sufficient to facilitate gene flow via backcrossing with the parental species.",{"EN":193},"Naturally occurring triploid birch hybrids from woodlands in Iceland are partially fertile",{"VOID":195},"[\"15992207349885619512\"]",{"VOID":197},"Abbott R, Albach D, Ansell S, Arntzen JW, Baird SJE, Bierne N et al (2013) Hybridization and speciation. 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Global Change Biol 6:19–34. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2486.2000.06010.x\nWalters SM (1964) Betulaceae. In: Tutin TG, Heywood VH, Burges NA et al (eds) Flora Europaea, vol 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 57–59\nWang Z-Y, Ge Y, Scott M, Spangenberg G (2004) Viability and longevity of pollen from transgenic and nontransgenic tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (Poaceae) plants. Am J Bot 91:523–530. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3732\u002Fajb.91.4.523\nWang L, Lv X, Li H, Zhang M, Wang H, Jin B, Chen T (2013) Inhibition of apoplastic calmodulin impairs calcium homeostasis and cell wall modelling during Cedrus deodara pollen tube growth. PLOS ONE 8(2):e55411. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0055411\nWielgolaski FE (2001) Vegetation sections in northern Fennoscandian mountain birch forests. In: Wielgolaski FE (ed) Nordic Mountain Birch Ecosystems. The Parthenon Publishing Group, New York, pp 23–34. 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Conserv Biol 15:1039–1053. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.2001.0150041039.x",{"VOID":199},"10.1007\u002Fs11056-020-09816-z","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","2024-05-16T13:18:13.983+00:00","Auto Verify","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11056-020-09816-z",[206,224,237,259],{"id":207,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":208,"affiliations":210,"properties":219,"displayName":221,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"68a75f17-a00f-4a6c-adf8-19bd0a317ab0",[209],"AUTHOR",[211],{"id":212,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":213,"properties":18},"0dcd61a4-9c58-4ec6-ab75-168e2c11a6c0",{"id":212,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":214,"slug":18,"properties":215,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":218,"statistic":18},[],{"title":216},{"VI":217},"Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland",[],{"title":220,"gsAuthor":222},{"VI":221},"Kesara Anamthawat-Jónsson",{"VOID":223},"[\"8D8A9Z4AAAAJ\"]",{"id":225,"sortIndex":177,"researcher":18,"roles":226,"affiliations":227,"properties":234,"displayName":236,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"f5faf210-3396-4b45-a41f-7f16ca2d526a",[209],[228],{"id":212,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":229,"properties":18},{"id":212,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":230,"slug":18,"properties":231,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":233,"statistic":18},[],{"title":232},{"VI":217},[],{"title":235},{"VI":236},"L. 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Such a root system can be generated using chemical root pruning by applying cupric carbonate (Cu) that can arrest the development of, or cause mortality to, root apical meristems resulting in the formation of new lateral roots with an overall increase in the biomass, length, and volume of the root system. Our objective was to investigate the effect of chemical root pruning on the morphological and architectural traits of adventitious roots produced by poplar cuttings (Populus nigra L.) grown in containers coated with Cu in various symmetrical (Side, Bottom, Side + Bottom) and asymmetrical (half side + half bottom) patterns. After six weeks, roots of the cuttings were extracted from different container depths (Top, Middle, and Bottom) and portions (non-coated, Cu-coated), and analyzed. The root systems reacted to all coating patterns by increasing length, biomass, volume, and average diameters, but magnitude of increase was further affected by depth. In particular, root growth was unaffected at the Top of the container, and length was the highest at the Bottom depth. The Middle depth had a significant increment in both biomass and volume. Also, the root population increased in diameter as a possible response to Cu exposure. Interestingly, in the asymmetrically coated containers this depth response in the non-coated portions was of higher magnitude than in the Cu-coated portions.",{"EN":340},"Asymmetrical copper root pruning may improve root traits for reforesting steep and\u002For windy sites",{"VOID":342},"[\"751311543852525014\"]",{"VOID":344},"Aldrete A, Mexal JG, Phillips R, Vallotton AD (2002) Copper coated polybags improve seedling morphology for two nursery-grown Mexican pine species. For Ecol Manag 163:197–204. 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In: MacLennan L, Fennessy J (eds) Plant quality: a key to success in forest establishment. National Council Forest Research and Development, Dublin, Ireland, pp 1–10\nLandis TD, Dumroese RK, Haase DL (2010a) The Target Plant Concept. In: Landis TD, Dumroese RK, Haase DL (eds) Container tree nursery manual vol 7: seedling processing, storage, and outplanting. Agric Handbk 674. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC, pp 3–15\nLandis TD, Luna T, Dumroese RK (2014) Containers, Chap. 7. In: Wilkinson KM, Landis TD, Haase DL, Daley BF, Dumroese RK (eds) Tropical nursery manual: a guide to starting and operating a nursery for native and traditional plants. Agric Handbk 732. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC, pp 123–139\nLandis TD, Steinfeld DE, Dumroese RK (2010b) Native plant containers for restoration projects. Native Plants J 11:341–348. DOI: 10.1353\u002Fnpj.2010b.0006\nLiu J, Bloomberg M, Li G, Liu Y (2016) Effects of copper root pruning and radicle pruning on first-season field growth and nutrient status of Chinese cork oak seedlings. New For 47:715–729. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11056-016-9540-x\nLöf M, Madsen P, Metslaid M, Witzell J, Jacobs DF (2019) Restoring forests: regeneration and ecosystem function for the future. New For 50:139–151. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11056-019-09713-0\nLombardi F, Scippa GS, Lasserre B, Montagnoli A, Tognetti R, Marchetti M, Chiatante D (2017) The influence of slope on Spartium junceum root system: morphological, anatomical and biomechanical adaptation. J Plant Res 130:515–525. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10265-017-0919-3\nLuoranen J, Rikala R, Konttinen K, Smolander H (2006) Summer planting of Picea abies container-grown seedlings: Effects of planting date on survival, height growth and root egress. For Ecol Manag 237:534–544. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.foreco.2006.09.073\nMarler T, Musser C (2016) Chemical and air pruning of roots influence post-transplant root traits of the critically endangered Serianthes nelsonii. Plant Root 10:21–25. DOI:https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3117\u002Fplantroot.10.21\nMcDonald SE, Tinus RW, Reid CPP (1984) Modification of ponderosa pine root systems in containers. J Environ Hort 2:1–5. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.24266\u002F0738-2898-2.1.1\nMexal JG, South DB (1991) Bareroot seedling culture. In: Duryea ML, Dougherty PM (eds) Forest regeneration manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 89–115. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-94-011-3800-0_6\nMontagnoli A, Baronti S, Alberto D, Chiatante D, Scippa GS, Terzaghi M (2021) Pioneer and fibrous root seasonal dynamics of Vitis vinifera L. are affected by biochar application to a low fertility soil: a rhizobox approach. Sci Total Environ 751:141455. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.scitotenv.2020.141455\nMontagnoli A, Dumroese RK, Terzaghi M, Pinto JR, Fulgaro N, Scippa GS, Chiatante D (2018) Tree seedling response to LED spectra: implications for forest restoration. Plant Biosyst 152:515–523. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F11263504.2018.1435583\nMontagnoli A, Lasserre B, Sferra G, Chiatante D, Scippa GSS, Terzaghi M, Dumroese RK (2020) Formation of annual ring eccentricity in coarse roots within the root cage of Pinus ponderosa growing on slopes. Plants 9:181. DOI:https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fplants9020181\nMontagnoli A, Terzaghi M, Chiatante D, Scippa GS, Lasserre B, Dumroese RK (2019) Ongoing modifications to root system architecture of Pinus ponderosa growing on a sloped site revealed by tree-ring analysis. Dendrochronologia 58:125650. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.dendro.2019.125650\nMontagnoli A, Terzaghi M, Fulgaro N, Stoew B, Wipenmyr J, Ilver D, Rusu C, Scippa GS, Chiatante D (2016) Non-destructive phenotypic analysis of early stage tree seedling growth using an automated stereovision imaging method. Front Plant Sci 7:1644. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffpls.2016.01644\nMontagnoli A, Terzaghi M, Scippa GS, Chiatante D (2014) Heterorhizy can lead to underestimation of fine-root production when using mesh-based techniques. Acta Oecol 59:84e90. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.actao.2014.06.004\nPierret A, Maeght J-L, Clément C, Montoroi J-P, Hartmann C, Gonkhamdee S (2016) Understanding deep roots and their functions in ecosystems: an advocacy for more unconventional research. Ann Bot 118:621–635. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Faob\u002Fmcw130\nPoorter H, Nagel O (2000) The role of biomass allocation in the growth response of plants to different levels of light, CO2, nutrients and water: a quantitative review. Aust J Plant Physiol 27:595–607. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1071\u002FPP99173_CO\nPoorter H, Niklas KJ, Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Poot P, Mommer L (2012) Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots. meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control New Phytol 193:30–50. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1469-8137.2011.03952.x\nPregitzer KS, Friend AL (1996) The structure and function of Populus root systems. In: Stettler RF, Bradshaw HD, Heilman PE, Hinckley TM (eds) Biology of Populus and its implications for management and conservation. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, pp 331–353\nPuri S, Thompson F (2003) Relationship of water to adventitious rooting in stem cuttings of Populus species. Agroforest Syst 58:1–9. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1023\u002FA:1025494221846\nQin R, Wang C, Chen D, Björn LO, Li S (2015) Copper-induced root growth inhibition of Allium cepa var. Agrorarum L. involves disturbances in cell division and DNA damage. Environ Toxicol Chem 34:1045–1055. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fetc.2884\nQuine CP, Gardiner BA (2007) Understanding how the interaction of wind and trees results in windthrow, stem breakage and canopy gap formation. In: Johnson E, Miyanishi K (eds) Plant disturbance ecology: the process and the response. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 103–156\nRuehle JL (1985) The effect of cupric carbonate on root morphology of containerized mycorrhizal pine seedlings. Can J Forest Res 15:586–592. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1139\u002Fx85-095\nSayer MAS, Haywood JD, Sung S-JS (2009) Cavity size and copper root pruning affect production and establishment of container-grown longleaf pine seedlings. For Sci 55:377–389. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fforestscience\u002F55.5.377\nSayer MAS, Sung S-JS, Haywood JD (2011) Longleaf pine root system development and seedling quality in response to copper root pruning and cavity size. South J Appl For 35:5–11. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fsjaf\u002F35.1.5\nSeidl R, Dominik T, Kautz M, Martin-Benito D, Peltoniemi M, Vacchiano G, Wild J, Ascoli D, Petr M, Honkaniemi J, Lexer MJ, Trotsiuk V, Mairota P, Svoboda M, Fabrika M, Nagel TA, Reyer (2017) Forest disturbances under climate change. Nat Clim Change 7:395–402. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fnclimate3303\nSheldon AR, Menzies NW (2005) The effect of copper toxicity on the growth and root morphology of Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Knuth.) in resin buffered solution culture. Plant Soil 278:341–349. 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Plant Physiology 170:603–617\nStokes A, Atger C, Bengough AG, Fourcaud T, Sidle RC (2009) Desirable plant root traits for protecting natural and engineered slopes against landslides. Plant Soil 324:1–30. DOI:https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11104-009-0159-y\nSung S-JS, Haywood JD, Sword-Sayer MA, Connor KF, Scott AD (2010) Effects of container cavity size and copper coating on field performance of container-grown longleaf pine seedlings. In: Stanturf JA (ed) Proceedings of the 14th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen Tech Rep SRS-GTR-121. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC, pp 241–245\nTelewski FW, Moore JR (2016) Trait selection to improve wind firmness in trees. CAB Rev 11:1–10. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1079\u002FPAVSNNR201611050\nThornley JHM (1972) A balanced quantitative model for root: shoot ratios in vegetative plants. Ann Bot 36:431–441. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Foxfordjournals.aob.a084602\nTsakaldimi MN, Ganatsas PP (2006) Effect of chemical root pruning on stem growth, root morphology and field performance of the Mediterranean pine Pinus halepensis Mill. Sci Hort 109:183–189. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.scienta.2006.04.007\nVogel JG, Jokela EJ (2011) Micronutrient limitations in two managed southern pine stands planted on Florida spodosols. Soil Sci Soc Am J 75:1117–1124. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2136\u002Fsssaj2010.0312\nWang FX, Wang ZY, Leeb JHW (2007) Acceleration of vegetation succession on eroded land by reforestation in a sub- tropical zone. Ecol Eng 31:232–241. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ecoleng.2007.07.004\nWenny DL, Woollen RL (1989) Chemical root pruning improves the root system morphology of containerized seedlings. West J Appl For 4:15–17. DOI:https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fwjaf\u002F4.1.15\nWenny DL, Liu Y, Dumroese RK, Osborne HL (1988) First year field growth of chemically root pruned containerized seedlings. New For 2:111–118. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00027762\nXu D, Miao J, Yumoto E, Yokota T, Asahina M, Watahiki M (2017) YUCCA9-mediated auxin biosynthesis and polar auxintransport synergistically regulate regeneration of root systems following root cutting. Plant Cell Physiol 58:1710–1723. DOI:https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fpcp\u002Fpcx107\nYang M, Défossez P, Danjon F, Dupont S, Fourcaud T (2017) Which root architectural elements contribute the best to anchorage of Pinus species? Insights from in silico experiments. Plant Soil 411:275–291. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11104-016-2992-0\nZhao X, Zheng H, Li S, Yang C, Jiang J, Liu G (2014) The rooting of poplar cuttings: a review. New For 45:21–34. 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Four height growth and survivalvariables were summarized by principal componentsanalysis (PCA), and the first three axis scores wereregressed against climate data determined from arecently developed Ontario Climate Model. Theregression equations were used to model the PCA axes,and these models were interpreted as the three maincomponents of adaptive variation in the data. Thesemodels were converted to geographic grids using GISsoftware. In a manner similar to that proposed fordifferential systematics applications, theDifferential Systematic Coefficient (DSC) was adaptedto be an indicator of the weighted average rate ofchange of clinally expressed adaptive variation overdistance. An output grid was determined based on theDSC values, such that grid cells with highercoefficient values were made to appear darker on theresultant map; thus, the shaded areas corresponded tosteeper portions of the clines of adaptive variationand serve as desirable indicators of the bestlocations for breeding zone boundaries.",{"EN":505},"Rates of change of adaptive variation in Picea mariana visualized by GIS using a differential systematic coefficient",{"VOID":507},"[]",{"EN":509},"",{"VOID":511},"10.1023\u002FA:1006736019650","2024-06-26T20:09:51.346+00:00",[514],"EN","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1023\u002FA:1006736019650",[517],{"id":518,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":519,"affiliations":520,"properties":529,"displayName":531,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"daf7151e-9e47-4bcc-84c9-394da572f57e",[],[521],{"id":522,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":523,"properties":18},"af2eb68f-b8ef-4875-980a-70ac967e1c48",{"id":522,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":524,"slug":18,"properties":525,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":528,"statistic":18},[],{"title":526},{"VI":527},"Faculty of Forestry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada",[],{"title":530},{"EN":531},"William H. 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P. 1970. Contour mapping and differential systematics of geographic variation. Syst. Zool. 19: 385-390.",{"id":18,"text":588,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Barbujani, G., Oden, N. L. and Sokal, R. R. 1989. Detecting regions of abrupt change in maps of biological variables. Syst. Zool. 38: 376-389.",{"id":18,"text":590,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Boyle, T. J. B. 1985. Range wide provenance tests of black spruce in Ontario. Can. For. Serv. Petawawa Natl. For. Inst. Inf. Rep. No. PI-X-57, 36 pp.",{"id":18,"text":592,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Boyle, T. J. B. 1986. Ten-year height growth of open-pollinated black spruce families in Ontario. Can. For. Serv. Petawawa Natl. For. Inst. Inf. Rep. No. PI-X-61, 24 pp.",{"id":18,"text":594,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Campbell, R. K. 1986. Mapped genetic variation of Douglas-fir to guide seed transfer in southwest Oregon. Silvae Genet. 35: 85-96.",{"id":18,"text":596,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Environment Systems Research Institute. 1987. Arc\u002FInfo user's manual. Redlands, Calif.",{"id":18,"text":598,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Heslop-Harrison, J. 1964. Forty years of genecology. In: Cragg, J. B. (Ed), Advances in Ecological Research 2: 159-247.",{"id":18,"text":600,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Hills, G. A. 1961. The ecological basis for land-use planning. Ont. Dept. Lands and Forests, Res. Dept. No. 46, 204 pp.",{"id":18,"text":602,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Mackey, B. G., McKenney, D. W., Yang, Y.-Q., McMahon, J. P. and Hutchinson, M. F. 1996. Site regions revisited: a climatic analysis of Hills' site regions for the province of Ontario using a parametric method. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 333-354.",{"id":18,"text":604,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Parker, W. H. and van Niejenhuis, A. 1996a. Regression-based focal point seed zones for Picea mariana from northwestern Ontario. Can. J. Bot. 74: 1227-1235.",{"id":18,"text":606,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Parker, W. H. and van Niejenhuis, A. 1996b. Seed zone delineation for jack pine in the former Northwest Region of Ontario using short-term testing and geographic information systems. Nat. Resources Canada, Can. For. Serv., Gr. Lakes For. Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, On. Tech. Rep. NODA\u002FNFP TR-35, 34 pp.",{"id":18,"text":608,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Parker, W. H., van Niejenhuis, A. and Charrette, P. 1994. Adaptive variation in Picea mariana from northwestern Ontario determined by short-term common environment tests. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 1653-1661.",{"id":18,"text":610,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Parker W. H. 1992. Focal point seed zones: site specific delineation by geographic information systems. Can. J. For. Res. 22: 267-271.",{"id":18,"text":612,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Parker, W. H. 1994a. Focal point seed zones of black spruce and jack pine. Zone 2 Edition. Private printing for Ontario Tree Improvement Board, Thunder Bay, 123 pp.",{"id":18,"text":614,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Parker, W. H. 1994b. Focal point seed zones of black spruce and jack pine. Zone 3 Edition. Private printing for Ontario Tree Improvement Board, Thunder Bay, 131 pp.",{"id":18,"text":616,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Raymond, C. A. and Lindgren, D. 1990. Genetic flexibility-a model for determining the range of suitable environments for a seed source. Silv. Gen. 39: 112-120.",{"id":18,"text":618,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Rehfeldt, G.E. 1991. Models of genetic variation for Pinus ponderosa in the Inland Northwest (U.S.A.): applications in gene resource management. Can. J. For. Res. 21: 1491-1500.",{"id":18,"text":620,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Rehfeldt, G. E. 1994. Adaptation of Picea engelmannii populations to the heterogeneous environment of the Intermountain West. Can. J. Bot. 72: 1197-1208.",{"id":18,"text":622,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"SAS Institute Inc. 1989. SAS\u002FStat User's Guide, Version 6, Fourth Ed., SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, N.C.",{"id":18,"text":624,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. 1981. Biometry 2nd ed. W.H. Freeman & Co. San Francisco.",{"id":18,"text":626,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Westfall, R. D. 1992. Developing seed transfer zones. In: Lins, L, Friedman, S. T. and Brotschol, J. V. (Eds), Handbook of Quantitative Forest Genetics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 403 pp.",{"id":18,"text":628,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Westfall, R. D. and Conkle, M. T. 1992. Allozyme markers in breeding zone designation. New For. 6: 279-309.",{"id":18,"text":630,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Whitewood, R. D. and MacIver, D. C. 1991. Forest Climates of Ontario. Part 2: GIS-Generated Climatic Atlas of Ontario. Ont. Min. Natl. Res., Toronto.",{"id":18,"text":632,"url":18,"identifiers":18},"Womble, W.H. 1951. Differential systematics. Science 114: 315-322.",{"id":634,"createTime":635,"updateTime":636,"relativeEntities":637,"slug":638,"properties":639,"entityType":200,"verifyStatus":201,"verifyTime":650,"verifyNote":203,"languages":651,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":652,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":653,"publicationType":275,"publisherRelationship":713,"citationCount":95,"citationInfo":755,"publishDate":758,"publishYear":756,"citationAnalyzeStatus":759,"lastCitationAnalyze":760,"indexDatabases":761,"openAccess":18,"references":762,"isForceReanalyzing":329},"3a1da4a4-3522-4906-8145-76df3871e30f","2024-04-14T07:25:34.958+00:00","2026-07-17T20:15:13.985+00:00",[],"Mycelial-inoculation-of-containerized-Norway-spruce-seedlings-with-ectomycorrhizal-fungi",{"openalex":640,"abstract":642,"title":644,"gsPaper":646,"doi":648},{"VOID":641},"W4319738024",{"EN":643},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>An inoculation technique to create ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in 1.5-year-old Norway spruce (\u003Cjats:italic>Picea abies\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> (L.) Karst.) container seedlings was tested. The mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) \u003Cjats:italic>– Tylospora asterophora\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, \u003Cjats:italic>Piloderma olivaceum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, and \u003Cjats:italic>Cenococcum geophilum –\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> each grown in a silica dioxide powder carrier, was mixed with a conventional low-humified \u003Cjats:italic>Sphagnum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> peat at the time of sowing. Seedlings were grown in four growth media: (1) conventional peat; (2) conventional peat mixed with sterile carrier; (3) conventional peat mixed with carrier containing \u003Cjats:italic>T. asterophora\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> and \u003Cjats:italic>C. geophilum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, (4) conventional peat mixed with carrier containing \u003Cjats:italic>P. olivaceum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> and \u003Cjats:italic>C. geophilum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. The seedling development and EMF colonization was followed during the nursery production. Further, seedlings grown in the four media were planted on a former nursery field, and their development was observed for three years. At the end of the nursery production phase, there were no differences in the seedling height or stem diameter between the growing media. The colonization degree by the introduced EMF was low. The height growth of the seedlings inoculated with \u003Cjats:italic>T. asterophora\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> + \u003Cjats:italic>C. geophilum\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> was 16% higher during the first growing season after out-planting compared to seedlings grown in the conventional peat medium, but the effect was transient. At the end of the out-planting experiment, the seedlings grown in conventional peat had the highest proportion of healthy and lowest proportion of dead seedlings. The results emphasize the importance of the growing media for seedling quality and out-planting success. The tested inoculation technique was ineffective in creating substantial levels of EMF colonization.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":645},"Mycelial inoculation of containerized Norway spruce seedlings with ectomycorrhizal 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DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.bej.2007.12.001",{"doi":878},"10.1016\u002Fj.bej.2007.12.001",{"id":18,"text":880,"url":18,"identifiers":881},"Vuorinen I, Hamberg L, Müller M, Seiskari P, Pennanen T (2015) Development of growth media for solid substrate propagation of ectomycorrhizal fungi for inoculation of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings. Mycorrhiza 2:311–324. DOI: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1107\u002Fs00572-014-0611-6",{"doi":882},"10.1107\u002Fs00572-014-0611-6",{"id":18,"text":884,"url":18,"identifiers":885},"Wall A, Heiskanen J (2003) Effect of air-filled porosity and organic matter concentration of soil on growth of Picea abies seedlings after transplanting. Scan J For Res 18:344–350. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F02827580310001742",{"doi":886},"10.1080\u002F02827580310001742",{"id":18,"text":888,"url":18,"identifiers":889},"Wallander H, Johansson U, Sterkenburg E, Brandström, Durling M (2010) Lindahl, B.D. Production of ectomycorrhizal Mycelium peaks during canopy closure in Norway spruce forests.New Phytol187:1124–1134, doi: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1469-8137.2010.03324.x",{"doi":890},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-8137.2010.03324.x",{"id":18,"text":892,"url":18,"identifiers":893},"Yin D, Song R, Qi J, Deng X (2018) Ectomycorrhizal fungus enhances drought tolerance of Pinus sylvetris var. Mongolica seedlings and improves soil conditions. J Foresty Res 29:1775–1788. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11676-017-0583-4",{"doi":894},"10.1007\u002Fs11676-017-0583-4",{"id":896,"createTime":897,"updateTime":898,"relativeEntities":899,"slug":900,"properties":901,"entityType":200,"verifyStatus":201,"verifyTime":912,"verifyNote":203,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":913,"fullTextUrl":914,"authors":915,"publicationType":275,"publisherRelationship":931,"citationCount":980,"citationInfo":981,"publishDate":984,"publishYear":982,"citationAnalyzeStatus":759,"lastCitationAnalyze":985,"indexDatabases":986,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":329},"0af92a28-8014-4915-8147-c2c57aeccce9","2024-01-28T18:00:45.230+00:00","2026-07-16T03:59:00.113+00:00",[],"Effects-of-pocket-gophers-bracken-fern-and-western-coneflower-on-planted-conifers-in-northern-Idaho-an-update-and-two-more-species",{"abstract":902,"title":904,"gsPaper":906,"references":908,"doi":910},{"EN":903},"Grand Fir Mosaic forests innorthern Idaho are difficult to regenerate afternatural or human-caused disturbances. Sparseconifer regeneration appears to be associated withhigh populations of northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) plus expansion by bracken fern(Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) and invasionof western coneflower (Rudbeckia occidentalisNutt.). This report updates an earlier study(Ferguson and Adams 1994) that quantified theeffects of four treatments on survival and growth ofplanted conifers: unweeded with gophers, weeded withgophers, unweeded without gophers, and weededwithout gophers. Weeding removed only bracken fernand western coneflower. Subalpine fir (Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), grand fir (Abiesgrandis (Dougl.) Lindl.), and western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) had over 80% mortalityfrom pocket gophers and other causes. Lodgepolepine (Pinus contorta var. latifoliaEngelm.) had 49.2% mortality from pocket gophersand 6.8% mortality from other causes, but snowdamage is a problem for lodgepole pine. Engelmannspruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.)had 42.2% gopher-caused mortality and 8.4%mortality from other causes. Spruce suffered littletop damage from snowpacks and was stout enough towithstand senescing bracken fern fronds. Westernwhite pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) had only24.1% mortality from pocket gophers after 4 years,and only 11.8% of the white pine died from causesother than gophers. Of the mortality caused bypocket gophers, 76.8% occurred the first summer andnext two winters after planting. The recommendedspecies for reforestation are Engelmann spruce andwhite pine.",{"EN":905},"Effects of pocket gophers, bracken fern, and western coneflower on planted conifers in northern Idaho – an update and two more species",{"VOID":907},"[\"11631781237757434075\"]",{"VOID":909},"Cooper, S.V., Neiman, K.E. and Roberts, D.W. 1991. Forest habitat types of northern Idaho: a second approximation. USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Research Sta., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. 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Mgmt.; citation_title=Effect of 2,4–D on abundance and foods of pocket gophers; citation_author=J.O. Keith, R.M. Hansen, A.L. Ward; citation_volume=23; citation_publication_date=1959; citation_pages=137-145; citation_id=CR9\ncitation_title=Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_id=CR10; citation_author=R.E. Kirk; citation_publisher=Brooks\u002FCole Pub. Co.\nMarsh, R.E. and Steele, R.W. 1992. Chapter 10 - Pocket gophers, pp. 205–230. In: Black, H.C. (tech. Ed.) Silvicultural Approaches to Animal Damage Management in Pacific Northwest Forests. USDA Forest Serv., Pacific Northwest Research Sta., Portland, Oregon. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-287.\ncitation_journal_title=Vegetatio; citation_title=Allelopathy as a factor in ecological process; citation_author=C.H. Muller; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=1969; citation_pages=348-357; citation_doi=10.1007\u002FBF00332847; citation_id=CR12\ncitation_title=Pocket gopher () food preferences, habitat relationships, and damage prevention; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_id=CR13; citation_author=M.M. Okello; citation_publisher=University of Idaho\ncitation_title=Evolutionary genetics, the biological species, and the ecology of the interior cedar-hemlock forests; citation_inbook_title=Interior Cedar-Hemlock-White Pine Forests: Ecology and Management; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=91-100; citation_id=CR14; citation_author=G.E. Rehfeldt; citation_publisher=Washington State Univ.\ncitation_title=Allelopathy; citation_publication_date=1984; citation_id=CR15; citation_author=E.L. Rice; citation_publisher=Academic Press, Inc.\ncitation_title=SAS\u002FSTAT guide for personal computers. Version 6; citation_publication_date=1985; citation_id=CR16; citation_publisher=SAS Institute Inc.\ncitation_title=Principles and Procedures of Statistics; citation_publication_date=1960; citation_id=CR17; citation_author=R.G.D. Steel; citation_author=J.H. Torrie; citation_publisher=McGraw-Hill Co.\ncitation_journal_title=J. Chem. Ecol.; citation_title=Allelopathic potential of western bracken; citation_author=R.E. Stewart; citation_volume=1; citation_publication_date=1975; citation_pages=161-169; citation_id=CR18\nTeipner, C.L., Garton, E.O. and Nelson, L. Jr. 1983. Pocket gophers in forest ecosystems. USDA Forest Serv., Intermountain Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-154. 53 p.\ncitation_journal_title=Ecology; citation_title=2,4–D herbicide, vegetation, and pocket gopher relationships, Black Mesa, Colorado; citation_author=H.P. Tietjen, C.H. Halvorson, P.L. Legdal, A.M. Johnson; citation_volume=48; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_pages=634-643; citation_id=CR20\nTurner, G.T., Hansen, R.M., Reid, V.H., Tietjen, H.P. and Ward, A.L. 1973. Pocket gophers and Colorado mountain rangeland. Colorado State Univ. Exp. Sta., Ft. Collins. Bulletin 554–S. 90 p.\ncitation_title=Western bracken control with asulam; citation_publication_date=1979; citation_id=CR22; citation_author=R.M. Znerold; citation_publisher=Washington State University",{"VOID":911},"10.1023\u002FA:1006504700542","2024-06-26T09:05:06.807+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1023\u002FA:1006504700542","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Fcontent\u002Fpdf\u002F10.1023\u002FA:1006504700542.pdf",[916],{"id":917,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":918,"affiliations":919,"properties":928,"displayName":930,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"79cd1bab-713a-401b-933e-32f18f139037",[209],[920],{"id":921,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":922,"properties":18},"ea1acb1a-7874-4c28-866e-673aa05080a3",{"id":921,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":923,"slug":18,"properties":924,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":927,"statistic":18},[],{"title":925},{"EN":926},"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, USA",[],{"title":929},{"VI":930},"Ferguson, Dennis 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Turkey, current wood production does not meet the demand of wood-products, and this gap is expected to be larger in the near future. It is necessary to increase the productivity and growth efficiency of current forests and to expand the extension of forest plantations, including areas where drought is the main climatic constraint. Even though researchers are currently working on hybridization programs to improve the quality and productivity of poplar cultivars, there are still large gaps in the understanding of the effects of drought on the performance and physiology of these cultivars. We analyzed the effects of water stress on growth and phenology of eight cultivars of black poplar (Populus nigra), two cultivars of the hybrid P. × euramericana, and one cultivar of eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides). The objective was to identify the cultivars better-adapted to dry conditions in semiarid areas of Turkey. Cuttings of the eleven cultivars were grown under two contrasting watering regimes (well-watered and water-stressed). Tree height and ground line diameter were periodically measured along with phenological traits such as bud break, leaf loss, and infection by Cytospora chrysosperma, a common fungal disease in Turkey. Results from this study may help forest managers select better-adapted poplar cultivars for semiarid conditions. According to our results, we consider that cultivars ‘I-214’ and ‘Kocabey’ may be adequate alternatives, and cultivars ‘Ata-1’, ‘Gazi’, and ‘Geyve’ may not be preferred for planting under water-limited areas in Turkey and similar regions of the Mediterranean basin.",{"EN":997},"Water availability effects on growth and phenology of 11 poplar cultivars growing in semiarid areas in Turkey",{"VOID":999},"[\"16263525550818000080\"]",{"VOID":1001},"Aktaş H, Şimşek Z (2010) Researches on the virulence of Cytospora chrysosperma “Pers” Fr. and reactions of various poplar cultivars. Kastamonu Univ J For Fac 10:117–124\nBaquedano FJ, Valladares F, Castillo FJ (2008) Phenotypic plasticity blurs ecotypic divergence in the response of Quercus coccifera and Pinus halepensis to water stress. Eur J For Res 127:495–506\nBirler AS (2014) Poplar cultivation in Turkey. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, Directorate General of Forestry, Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute, İzmit. ISSN: 1300-95X\nBrignolas F, Thierry C, Guerrier G, Boudouresque É (2000) Compared water deficit response of two Populus × euramericana clones, Luisa Avanzo and Dorskamp. Ann For Sci 57:261–266\nBussotti F, Pollastrini M, Holland V, Brueggemann W (2015) Functional traits and adaptive capacity of European forests to climate change. Environ Exp Bot 111:91–113. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.envexpbot.2014.11.006\nDeacon NJ, Grossman JJ, Cavender-Bares J (2019) Drought and freezing vulnerability of the isolated hybrid aspen Populus × smithii relative to its parental species, P. tremuloides and P. grandidentata. Ecol Evol 9(14):8062–8074\nFAO (2016) Poplars and other fast-growing trees—renewable resources for future green economies. Synthesis of country progress reports. 25th Session of the International Poplar Commission, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany, 13–16 September 2016. Working paper IPC\u002F15. Forestry Policy and Resources Division, FAO, Rome. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002Fforestry\u002Fipc2016\u002Fen\u002F\nFichot R, Brignolas F, Cochard H, Ceulemans R (2015) Vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation in poplars: synthesis and future opportunities. Plant Cell Environ 38(7):1233–1251\nGuet J, Fichot R, Lédée C, Laurans F, Cochard H, Delzon S, Brignolas F (2015) Stem xylem resistance to cavitation is related to xylem structure but not to growth and water-use efficiency at the within-population level in Populus nigra L. J Exp Bot 66:4643–4652\nHowe GT, Aitken SN, Neale DB, Jermstad KD, Wheeler NC, Chen TH (2003) From genotype to phenotype: unraveling the complexities of cold adaptation in forest trees. Can J Bot 81(12):1247–1266\nIsık F, Toplu F (2004) Variation in juvenile traits of natural black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones in Turkey. New For 27:175–187\nKahraman T, Küçükosmanoğlu Kahraman F, Karakaya S, Karahan F, Ünsal G, Karatay H, Toplu F (2011) Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) breeding studies in Turkey ‘Nursery Stage Results’. Technical bulletin no: 210 Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute İzmit\u002FTurkey. ISSN 1300-395X\nKepley J, Jacobi WR (2000) Pathogenicity of Cytospora fungi on six hardwood species. J Arboric 26:326–333\nKızılelma Y, Çelik MA, Karabulut M (2015) İç Anadolu Bölgesinde sıcaklık ve yağışların trend analizi (Trend analyses of temperature and precipitations in Central Anatolia). Türk Coğrafya Dergisi (Turk Geogr Rev) 64:1–10\nKramer PJ, Kozlowski TT (1960) Physiology of trees. Mc Graw-Hill, New York\nLloret A, Badenes ML, Ríos G (2018) Modulation of dormancy and growth responses in reproductive buds of temperate trees. Front Plant Sci 9:1368\nMazzoleni S, Dickman DI (1988) Differential physiological and morphological responses of two hybrid Populus clones to water stress. Tree Physiol 4:61–70\nMcIntyre GA, Jacobi WR, Ramaley AW (1996) Factors affecting Cytospora canker occurrence on aspen. J Arboric 22:229–233\nMonclus R, Dreyer E, Villar M, Delmotte FM, Delay D, Petit JM, Barbaroux C, Thiec DL, Bréchet C, Brignolas F (2006) Impact of drought on productivity and water use efficiency in 29 genotypes of Populus deltoides × Populus nigra. New Phytol 169:765–777\nMyers S (2000) Outside equity. J Finance 55(3):1005–1037\nNahar K, Hasanuzzaman M, Alam M, Fujita M (2015) Glutathione-induced drought stress tolerance in mung bean: coordinated roles of the antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. AoB Plants 7:plv069\nÖzel HB, Ertekin M, Tunçtaner K (2010) Genetic variation in growth traits and morphological characteristics of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) hybrids at nursery stage. Sci Res Essays 5(9):962–969\nPallardy SG, Kozlowski TT (1981) Water relations of Populus clones. Ecology 62:159–169\nPinheiro JC, Bates DM (2000) Mixed-effects models in S and S-plus. Springer series in statistics and computing. Springer, New York\nReich PB, Borchert R (1984) Water stress and tree phenology in a tropical dry forest in the lowlands of Costa Rica. J Ecol 72:61–74\nRhodenbaugh EJ, Pallardy SG (1993) Water stress, photosynthesis and early growth patterns of cuttings of three Populus clones. Tree Physiol 13:213–226\nRohde A, Bastien C, Boerjan W (2011) Temperature signals contribute to the timing of photoperiodic growth cessation and bud set in poplar. Tree Physiol 31:472–482\nSinclair WA, Lyon HH, Johnson WT (1987) Diseases of trees and shrubs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca\nSouch CA, Stephens W (1998) Growth, productivity and water use in three hybrid poplar clones. Tree Physiol 18:829–835\nStanton BJ, Serapiglia MJ, Smart LB (2014) The domestication and conservation of Populus and Salix genetic resources. In: Isebrands JG, Richardson J (eds) Poplars and willows: trees for society and the environment, FAO and CABI, Wallingford, UK. pp 124-176 ISBN: 978 1 78064 108 9 (CABI) ISBN: 978 92 5 107185 4 (FAO)\nStrong T, Hansen EA (1991) Response of three Populus species to drought. USDA-FS research paper NC-302\nTschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA (1994) Water-stress tolerance of black cottonwood and eastern cottonwood clones and four of their hybrid progeny. II. Metabolites and inorganic ions that constitute osmotic adjustment. Can J For Res 24:681–687\nTschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Gunderson GA (1994) Water-stress tolerance of black cottonwood and eastern cottonwood clones and four of their hybrid progeny. I. Growth, water relations and gas exchange. Can J For Res 24:346–371\nTschaplinski TJ, Tuskan GA, Gebre GM, Todd DE (1998) Drought resistance of two hybrid Populus clones grown in large-scale plantation. Tree Physiol 24:346–371\nTunçtaner K (1998) Conservation of genetic resources of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) in Turkey. In: Zencirci N, Kaya Z, Anikster Y, Adams WT (eds) Proceedings of the international symposium on in situ conservation of plant genetic diversity, Ankara, Turkey: Central Research Institute for Field Crops, pp 265–270\nTunçtaner K, Özel HB (2008) Adaptation of some poplar clones to the lake district Turkey. Turk J For 9(1):61–71\nUluer K, Gurer M, Guler N (1998) Investigation into prevention against disease caused by Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. in poplar. Poplar and Fast Growing Forest Trees Research Institute. Technical Bulletin No 186. Izmit, Turkey\nVelioğlu E, Akgül S (2016) Poplars and willows in Turkey: country progress report of the National Poplar Commission (period: 2012–2015). General Directorate of Forestry (OGM). http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fao.org\u002Fforestry\u002F44815-024ab7e7e11724649175884915e8150d4.pdf. Accessed 10 Oct 2019\nYin C, Wang X, Duan B, Luo J, Li C (2005) Early growth, dry matter allocation and water use efficiency of two sympatric Populus species as effected by water stress. Environ Exp Bot 53:315–322\nZhang X, Zang R, Li C (2004) Population differences in physiological and morphological adaptations of Populus davidiana seedlings in response to progressive drought stress. Plant Sci 166:791–797",{"VOID":1003},"10.1007\u002Fs11056-020-09802-5","2024-06-23T15:45:36.797+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11056-020-09802-5",[1007,1024,1039],{"id":1008,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1009,"affiliations":1010,"properties":1019,"displayName":1021,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"71fa6508-3b00-48d1-9857-ce562249910a",[209],[1011],{"id":1012,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1013,"properties":18},"e4d117d1-13bf-4a37-8914-e7de5eec87e4",{"id":1012,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1014,"slug":18,"properties":1015,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1018,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1016},{"VI":1017},"Department of Forestry and Forest Products, Niksar Technical Science Vocational School, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey",[],{"title":1020,"gsAuthor":1022},{"VI":1021},"Akkın Semerci",{"VOID":1023},"[\"QEUinZoAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1025,"sortIndex":177,"researcher":18,"roles":1026,"affiliations":1027,"properties":1036,"displayName":1038,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"2ab59525-096e-4b6c-ad5d-9da2245e979d",[209],[1028],{"id":1029,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1030,"properties":18},"bd7e0693-03a5-4d9c-8bd2-758fe7fab6fe",{"id":1029,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1031,"slug":18,"properties":1032,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1035,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1033},{"VI":1034},"Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA",[],{"title":1037},{"VI":1038},"Claudio A. 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A smallholder-based project in the Visayas region planted native species instead. This study assessed the growth performance of forty-four native and sixteen introduced species in 25 sites established by this project between 1995 and 2000. Diameter at breast height and total height were measured for 2,789 trees. Mean annual increments for diameter (MAID) at breast height and height (MAIH) were significantly higher for trees planted on limestone-influenced soils (MAID = 1.19 cm\u002Fyear; MAIH = 1.05 m\u002Fyear) than on purely volcanic soils (MAID = 0.81 cm\u002Fyear; MAIH = 0.78 m\u002Fyear). Growth of two native species, Melia dubia and Terminalia microcarpa, was higher than that of the widely planted exotic Swietenia macrophylla. The height increment for the highest-performing dipterocarp species, Shorea guiso, Shorea contorta, and Parashorea malaanonan, was not statistically different from the MAIH of S. macrophylla. A range of soil characteristics predicted performance, with organic matter predicting growth for six species, and percent nitrogen and percent clay predicting performance of five species. These findings show that certain native species can perform better than some exotic species when planted in open areas. They also disprove the widely held belief in the Philippines that Dipterocarpaceae cannot be planted in grasslands, and suggest that dipterocarps can be used successfully in reforestation. Finally, the findings show that more research is needed on species-site matching and on silvicultural management of native species plantations.",{"EN":1115},"Growth performance of sixty tree species in smallholder reforestation trials on Leyte, Philippines",{"VOID":1117},"[\"1285175143609342228\"]",{"VOID":1119},"Ashton PMS (1995) Seedling growth of co-occurring Shorea species in the simulated light environments of a rain forest. For Ecol Manag 72:1–12\nAshton PMS, Berlyn GP (1992) Leaf adaptations of some Shorea species to sun and shade. New Phytol 121:587–596\nAshton PMS, Gunatilleke CVS, Gunatilleke IAUN (1995) Seedling survival and growth of four Shorea species in a Sri Lankan rainforest. J Trop Ecol 11:263–279\nAshton PMS, Gamage S, Gunatilleke IAUN, Gunatilleke CVS (1997) Restoration of a Sri Lankan rain forest: using Caribbean pine Pinus caribaea as a nurse for establishing late successional tree species. J App Ecol 34:915–925\nAshton PMS, Gamage S, Gunatlleke IAUN, Gunatilleke CVS (1998) Using Caribbean pine to establish mixed plantations: testing effects of pine canopy removal on plantings of rain forest tree species. For Ecol Manag 106:211–222\nAshton PMS, Gunatilleke CVS, Singhakumara BMP, Gunatilleke IAUN (2001) Restoration pathways for rain forest in southwest Sri Lanka: a review of concepts and models. For Ecol Manag 154:409–430\nAsio VB, Cabunos CC Jr, Chen Z (2006) Morphology, physiochemical characteristics, and fertility of soils from quaternary limestone in Leyte. Philippines Soil Sci 17(8):648–661\nChokkalingam U, Carandang AP, Pulhin JM, Lasco RD, Peras RJJ, Toma T (eds) (2006) One century of forest rehabilitation in the Philippines: approaches, outcomes and lessons. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor\nDierick D, Hölscher D (2009) Species-specific tree water use characteristics in reforestation stands in the Philippines. Agric For Meteorol 149:1317–1326\nFAO (2006) Management of wood properties in planted forests. In: Jagels R (ed) A paradigm for global forest production. Planted forests and trees working papers, working paper 36E. Forest Resource Development Service, Forest Resources Division. FAO, Rome\nFreese P (1983) Forests, trees, and people: a preliminary report on the impact of industrial tree plantations and tree-farming projects on small Filipino farmers. Alternate Resource Center, Davao City\nGarrity DP, Soekardi M, van Noordwijk M, De La Cruz R, Pathak PS, Gunasena HPM, Van So N, Huijun G, Majid NM (1997) The Imperata grasslands of tropical Asia: area, distribution, and typology. Agrofor Sys 36:3–29\nGöltenboth F, Hutter CP (2004) New options for rehabilitation and landscape ecology in Southeast Asia by “rainforestation farming”. J Nat Conserv 12:181–189\nGriess VC, Knoke T (2011) Can native tree species plantations in Panama compete with Teak plantations? An economic estimation. New For 41:13–39\nGunasena HPM, Roshetko JM (2000) Tree domestication in Southeast Asia: results of a regional study on institutional capacity for tree domestication in national programs. International Center for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), Bogor\nJahn R, Asio VB (1998) Soils of the tropical forests of Leyte, Philippines: 1. Weathering, soil characteristics, classification and site qualities. 2. Impact of different land uses on status of organic matter and nutrient availability. In: Schulte A, Ruhiyat D (eds) Soils of tropical forest ecosystems: characteristics, ecology and management. Springer, Berlin, pp 29–44\nKettle CJ (2010) Ecological considerations for using dipterocarps for restoration of lowland rainforest in Southeast Asia. Biodivers Conserv 19:1137–1151\nLangenberger G (2004) A review of research on Philippine forest vegetation, particularly work since 1990. Agham Mindanaw 2:11–24\nLangenberger G (2006) Habitat distribution of dipterocarp species in the Leyte Cordillera: an indicator for species-site suitability in local reforestation programs. Ann For Sci 63:149–156\nLasco RD, Pulhin JM (2006) Environmental impacts of community-based forest management in the Philippines. Int J Environ Sustain Dev 5:46–56\nLawrence A (1997) Kaingin in the Philippines: is it the end of the forest? Rural Dev For Netw Paper 21f:1–8\nMangaoang EO, Pasa AE (2003) Preferred native tree species for smallholder forestry in Leyte. Ann Trop Res 25(1):25–30\nMargraf J, Milan P (1994) Rainforestation farming: an alternative to conventional concepts. Ann Trop Res 16:17–27\nMilan P, Göltenboth F (2005) Abaca and rainforestation farming. A guide to sustainable farm management. Visayas State University, Baybay\nMillet J, Tran N, Vien Ngoc N, Tran Thi T, Prat D (2013) Enrichment planting of native species for biodiversity conservation in a logged tree plantation in Vietnam. New For 44:369–383\nNavarrete IA, Tsutsuki K, Navarrete RA (2010) Humus composition and the structural characteristics of humic substances in soils under different land uses in Leyte, Philippines. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 56:289–296\nOtsamo R, Otsamo A, Adjers G (1996) Reforestation experiences with dipterocarp species on grasslands. In: Schulte A, Schöne D (eds) Dipterocarp forest ecosystems: towards sustainable management. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, pp 464–476\nOtsamo A, Adjers G, Hadi TS, Kuusipalo J, Vuokko R (1997) Evaluation of reforestation potential of 83 tree species planted on Imperata cylindrica dominated grassland. New For 14:127–143\nPAGASA (2010) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, Philippines. URL http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pagasa.dost.gov.ph\nPiotto D, Craven D, Montagnini F, Alice F (2010) Silvicultural and economic aspects of pure and mixed native tree species plantations on degraded pasturelands in humid Costa Rica. New For 39:369–385\nRoshetko JM, Snelder DJ, Lasco RD, van Nordwijk M (2008) Future challenge: a paradigm shift in the forestry sector. In: Snelder DJ, Lasco RD (eds) Smallholder tree growing for rural development and environmental services. Springer, Netherlands, pp 453–485\nSales-Come R, Hölscher D (2010) Variability and grouping of leaf traits in multi-species reforestation (Leyte, Philippines). For Ecol Manag 260:846–855\nSantos Martín F, Lusiana B, van Noordwijk M (2010) Tree growth prediction in relation to simple set of site quality indicators for six native tree species in the Philippines. Int J For Res 2010: 507392, 10 pages\nSantos Martín F, Bertomeu M, van Noordwijk M, Navarro R (2012) Understanding forest transition in the Philippines: main farm-level factors influencing smallholder’s capacity and intention to plant native timber trees. Small-Scale For 11:47–60\nShono K, Davies SJ, Chua YK (2007) Performance of 45 native tree species on degraded lands in Singapore. J Trop For Sci 19(1):25–34\nSuarez RK, Sajise PE (2010) Deforestation, swidden agriculture and Philippine biodiversity. Philipp Sci Lett 3(1):91–99\nSuzuki T, Jacalne DV (1986) Response of dipterocarp seedling to various light conditions under forest canopies. Bull For For Prod Res Inst 336:19–34\nTolentino EL (2008) Restoration of Philippine native forest by smallholder tree farmers. In: Snelder DJ, Lasco RD (eds) Smallholder tree growing for rural development and environmental services. Springer, Netherlands, pp 319–346\nvan Breugel M, Hall JS, Craven DJ, Dent DH, Wishnie MH, Deago J, Mariscal E, Ibarra D, Cedeño N, Park A, Ashton MS (2011) Early growth and survival of 49 tropical tree species across sites differing in soil fertility and rainfall in Panama. For Ecol Manag 261:1580–1589\nWeber JC, Sotelo Montes C (2008) Geographic variation in tree growth and wood density of Guazuma crinita Mart. in the Peruvian Amazon. New For 36:29–52\nWeinland G (1998) Plantations. In: Appanah S, Turnbull JM (eds) A review of dipterocarps. Taxonomy, ecology and silviculture. CIFOR, Bogor\nWiemann MC (2010) Characteristics and availability of commercially important woods. In: Forest Products Laboratory (ed) Wood handbook—wood as an engineering material. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190. FPL, Madison, WI\nWishnie MH, Dent DH, Mariscal E, Deago J, Cedeño N, Ibarra D, Condit R, Ashton PMS (2007) Initial performance and reforestation potential of 24 tropical tree species planted across a precipitation gradient in the Republic of Panama. For Ecol Manag 243:39–49",{"VOID":1121},"10.1007\u002Fs11056-013-9393-5","2024-06-25T09:50:28.273+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11056-013-9393-5",[1125,1140,1155,1168],{"id":1126,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1127,"affiliations":1128,"properties":1137,"displayName":1139,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"7cd28b64-36e6-4bc0-8f28-c620a5b06845",[209],[1129],{"id":1130,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1131,"properties":18},"487a4a04-8136-48e9-988e-7f31c513063f",{"id":1130,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1132,"slug":18,"properties":1133,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1136,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1134},{"VI":1135},"Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, USA",[],{"title":1138},{"VI":1139},"Tina Schneider",{"id":1141,"sortIndex":177,"researcher":18,"roles":1142,"affiliations":1143,"properties":1150,"displayName":1152,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"910fbc32-681a-4cdc-9221-0552fc9ff107",[209],[1144],{"id":1130,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1145,"properties":18},{"id":1130,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1146,"slug":18,"properties":1147,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1149,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1148},{"VI":1135},[],{"title":1151,"gsAuthor":1153},{"VI":1152},"Mark S. Ashton",{"VOID":1154},"[\"eu67V8YAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1156,"sortIndex":133,"researcher":18,"roles":1157,"affiliations":1158,"properties":1165,"displayName":1167,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"3ec16aee-4b63-4d75-8314-9f54abfe1582",[209],[1159],{"id":1130,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1160,"properties":18},{"id":1130,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1161,"slug":18,"properties":1162,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1164,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1163},{"VI":1135},[],{"title":1166},{"VI":1167},"Florencia Montagnini",{"id":1169,"sortIndex":261,"researcher":18,"roles":1170,"affiliations":1171,"properties":1180,"displayName":1182,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"3150dfc8-52b5-4daf-9a3f-22467c279f56",[209],[1172],{"id":1173,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1174,"properties":18},"2d893e55-e2ca-4d32-8c3f-1e6b262227cd",{"id":1173,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1175,"slug":18,"properties":1176,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1179,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1177},{"VI":1178},"Visayas State University, Baybay City, Philippines",[],{"title":1181},{"VI":1182},"Paciencia P. Milan",{"url":1123,"publisher":1184,"properties":1225},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1185,"slug":10,"properties":1186,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1189,"manageAffiliations":1194,"indexDatabases":1205,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1220,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1187,"title":1188},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[1190],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1191,"label":1192,"description":1193,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[1195,1200],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1196,"slug":18,"properties":1197,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1199,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1198},{"EN":33},[],{"id":36,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1201,"slug":18,"properties":1202,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1204,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1203},{"EN":40},[42],[1206,1213],{"id":45,"indexDatabase":1207,"url":56,"indexYears":57,"academicFieldIds":1212,"indexDatabaseRanking":60},{"id":47,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1208,"label":1209,"description":1210,"key":53,"publicationTags":1211,"standard":18},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":50,"VI":52},[55],[59],{"id":62,"indexDatabase":1214,"url":75,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1219,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":64,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1215,"label":1216,"description":1217,"key":71,"publicationTags":1218,"standard":18},[],{"EN":67,"VI":67},{"EN":69,"VI":70},[73,74],[77],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1221,"i10Index":91,"i10IndexLast5Year":92,"totalPublication":93,"totalPublicationByYear":1222,"totalCitation":124,"totalCitationByYear":1223,"totalCitationPerPublication":149,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1224,"hindexLast5Year":104,"hindex":104},{"2012":80,"2013":81,"2014":82,"2015":83,"2016":84,"2017":85,"2018":86,"2019":87,"2020":88,"2021":89,"2022":81,"2023":90},{"1986":95,"1987":96,"1988":97,"1989":97,"1990":98,"1991":99,"1992":100,"1993":101,"1994":99,"1995":102,"1996":102,"1997":103,"1998":104,"1999":103,"2000":105,"2001":103,"2002":106,"2003":107,"2004":108,"2005":109,"2006":110,"2007":107,"2008":111,"2009":112,"2010":113,"2011":114,"2012":115,"2013":106,"2014":116,"2015":111,"2016":104,"2017":117,"2018":118,"2019":119,"2020":120,"2021":121,"2022":122,"2023":123,"2024":92},{"1986":126,"1987":117,"1988":127,"1989":106,"1990":128,"1991":102,"1992":129,"1993":118,"1994":130,"1995":131,"1996":132,"1997":133,"2004":115,"2005":134,"2006":135,"2007":136,"2008":137,"2009":118,"2010":138,"2011":139,"2012":140,"2013":141,"2014":142,"2015":143,"2016":144,"2017":145,"2018":146,"2019":147,"2020":120,"2021":148,"2022":96,"2023":100},{"1986":151,"1987":152,"1988":153,"1989":154,"1990":155,"1991":156,"1992":157,"1993":158,"1994":159,"1995":160,"1996":90,"1997":161,"2004":162,"2005":163,"2006":164,"2007":95,"2008":165,"2009":166,"2010":167,"2011":168,"2012":169,"2013":170,"2014":171,"2015":172,"2016":173,"2017":174,"2018":175,"2019":176,"2020":177,"2021":166,"2022":81,"2023":178},{"pages":1226,"volume":1228},{"VOID":1227},"83-96",{"VOID":1229},"45",{"total":148,"publishYear":1231,"statisticByYear":1232},2013,{"2016":133,"2018":261,"2019":261,"2021":133,"2022":414,"2023":133,"2025":177,"2026":177},"2013-10-13","2026-07-14T12:02:38.116+00:00",[73,60],{"id":1237,"createTime":1238,"updateTime":1239,"relativeEntities":1240,"slug":1241,"properties":1242,"entityType":200,"verifyStatus":201,"verifyTime":1253,"verifyNote":203,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1254,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1255,"publicationType":275,"publisherRelationship":1306,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":1352,"publishYear":1353,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1354,"indexDatabases":1355,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":329},"bf3faa5c-5464-49f2-814f-18227b6c5b38","2024-01-27T15:23:44.944+00:00","2026-07-11T16:34:55.762+00:00",[],"Effects-of-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi-on-the-drought-tolerance-of-Cyclobalanopsis-glauca-seedlings-under-greenhouse-conditions",{"abstract":1243,"title":1245,"gsPaper":1247,"references":1249,"doi":1251},{"EN":1244},"\n                Cyclobalanopsis glauca is an important afforestation tree species that is widely used for revegetating the karst region of southwest China. Vegetation in this region is regularly commonly subjected to drought stress because of the geology and water shortages. Here, we investigated the influence of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices on the drought tolerance of C. glauca seedlings under greenhouse conditions. AMF-treated and non-AMF-treated C. glauca seedlings were maintained under two different water regimes (well watered: 80 % field capacity; drought stress: 40 % field capacity) for 90 days. The AMF colonization rate was higher under well-watered conditions compared to drought stress conditions. The growth and physiological performance of C. glauca seedlings were significantly affected by drought stress. Under drought stress conditions, mycorrhizal seedlings had greater height, base diameter, leaf area, and biomass compared to non-mycorrhizal seedlings. In addition, under drought conditions, AMF-inoculated seedlings had greater superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, higher soluble sugar content, and lower proline content compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, AMF colonization increased the phosphorus and potassium content of seedling shoots under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. Therefore, AMF colonization enhanced the drought tolerance of C. glauca seedlings by improving growth performance, nutrient content, the quantity of osmotic adjustment compounds, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results indicate that AMF are of potential use for the restoration of vegetation in the karst region of southwest China.",{"EN":1246},"Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the drought tolerance of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings under greenhouse conditions",{"VOID":1248},"[\"18411154751812569707\"]",{"VOID":1250},"Abbaspour H, Saeidi-Sar S, Afshari H, Abdel-Wahhab MA (2012) Tolerance of Mycorrhiza infected Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedling to drought stress under glasshouse conditions. J Plant Physiol 169:704–709\nAggangan NS, Moon HK, Han SH (2010) Growth response of Acacia mangium Willd. seedlings to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and four isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch. New For 39:215–230\nAl-Karaki GN (2000) Growth of mycorrhizal tomato and mineral acquisition under salt stress. Mycorrhiza 10:51–54\nAmes RM, Reid CPP, Porter LK, Cambardella C (1983) Hyphal uptake and transport of nitrogen from two 15N labeled sources by Glomus mosseae, a vesicular-arbuscular fungus. New Phytol 95:381–396\nAroca R, del Mar Alguacil M, Vernieri P, Ruiz-Lozano JM (2008) Plant response to drought stress and exogenous ABA application are modulated differently by mycorrhization in tomato and an ABA-deficient mutant (Sitiens). Microb Ecol 56:704–719\nAugé RM (2001) Water relations, drought and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 11:3–42\nBirhane E, Sterck FJ, Fetene M, Bongers F, Kuyper TW (2012) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance photosynthesis, water use efficiency, and growth of frankincense seedlings under pulsed water availability conditions. Oecologia 169:895–904\nChen HS, Nie YP, Wang KL (2013) Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of water and plant adaptation mechanisms in karst regions: a review. Acta Ecologica Sinica 33:317–326 (in Chinese)\nGiovannetti M, Mosse B (1980) An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection. New Phytol 84:489–500\nGoicoechea N, Merino S, Sánchez-Díaz M (2005) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can contribute to maintain antioxidant and carbon metabolism in nodules of Anthyllis cytisoides L. subjected to drought. J Plant Physiol 162:27–35\nGong MG, Tang M, Chen H, Zhang QM, Feng XX (2013) Effects of two glomus species on the growth and physiological performance of Sophora davidii seedlings under water stress. New For 44:399–408\nHe YJ, Zhong ZC, Dong M (2012) Nutrients transfer for host plant and litter decomposition by AMF in karst soil. Acta Ecologica Sinica 32:2525–2531 (in Chinese)\nHuang YQ, Zhao P, Zhang ZF, Li XK (2009) Transpiration of Cyclobalanopsis glauca (syn. Quercus glauca) stand measured by sap-flow method in a karst rocky terrain during dry season. Ecol Res 24:791–801\nHuang Z, Zou ZR, He CX, He ZQ, Zhang ZB, Li JM (2011) Physiological and photosynthetic responses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seedlings to three glomus species under water deficit. Plant Soil 339:391–399\nLei YB, Yin CY, Li CY (2006) Differences in some morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses to drought stress in two contrasting populations of Populus przewalskii. Physiol Plant 127:182–191\nLi HS (2000) Principles and techniques of plant physiological biochemical experiment. Higher Education Press, Beijing (in Chinese)\nLiu CQ (2009) Biogeochemical processes and cycling of nutrients in the earth’s surface: cycling of nutrients in soil-plant systems of karstic environments. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)\nManoharan PT, Shanmugaiah V, Balasubramanian N, Gomathinayagam S, Sharma MP, Muthuchelian K (2010) Influence of AM fungi on the growth and physiological status of Erythrina variegate Linn. grown under different water stress conditions. Eur J Soil Biol 46:151–156\nMorte A, Díaz G, Rodríguez P, Alarcón JJ, Sanchez-Blanco MJ (2001) Growth and water relations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pinus halepensis plants in response to drought. Biol Plant 44:263–267\nMuthukumar T, Udaiyan K (2010) Growth response and nutrient utilization of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings inoculated with bioinoculants under tropical nursery conditions. New For 40:101–118\nNelsen CE, Safir GR (1982) Increased drought tolerance of mycorrhizal onion plants caused by improved phosphorus nutrition. Planta 154:407–413\nNeumann E, George E (2004) Colonisation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) enhanced phosphorus uptake from dry soil in Sorghum bicolor (L.). Plant, Cell Environ 261:245–255\nRuiz-Lozano JM (2003) Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of osmotic stress. New perspectives for molecular studies. Mycorrhiza 13:309–317\nSmith SE, Facelli E, Pope S, Smith FA (2010) Plant performance in stressful environments: interpreting new and established knowledge of the roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant Soil 326:3–20\nSu ZM (1998) The classified system of natural vegetation in Guangxi. Guihaia 18:237–246\nTian YH, Lei YB, Zheng YL, Cai ZQ (2013) Synergistic effect of colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves growth and drought tolerance of Plukenetia volubilis seedlings. Acta Physiol Plant 35:687–696\nWang RY, Yu SQ, Zhang JC, Zhou CF, Chen LS (2012) Effects of mycorrhizal fungus inoculation on the root of Cupressus duclouxiana and Catalpa bungei seedlings under drought stress. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Edn 36:23–27 (in Chinese)\nWei Y, Wang SJ, Liu XM, Huang TZ (2012) Genetic diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in karst microhabitats of Guizhou Province, China. Chin J Plant Ecol 35:1083–1090 (in Chinese)\nWu QS, Xia RX, Hu ZJ (2006) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the drought tolerance of Poncrius trifoliata seedlings. Front For China 1:100–104\nWu QS, Xia RX, Zou YN (2008) Improved soil structure and citrus growth after inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under drought stress. Eur J Soil Biol 44:122–128\nYooyongwech S, Phaukinsang N, Cha-um S, Supaibulwatana K (2013) Arbuscular mycorrhiza improved growth performance in Macadamia tetraphylla L. grown under water deficit stress involves soluble sugar and proline accumulation. Plant Growth Regul 69:285–293\nZhang Y, Zhong CL, Chen Y, Chen Z, Jiang QB, Wu C, Pinyopusarerk K (2010) Improving drought tolerance of Causarina equisetifolia seedlings by arbuscular mycorrhizas under glasshouse conditions. New For 40:261–271\nZhao X, Yan XF (2006) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings. J Plant Ecol 30:947–953 (in Chinese)\nZhu XC, Song FB, Xu HW (2010) Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity of maize plants under temperature stress. 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Early selection of loblolly pine based on genotype × fertilizer interactions of seedlings. M.S. thesis, Texas A & M Univ., College Sta., Texas, 90 pp.",{},{"id":18,"text":1518,"url":18,"identifiers":1519},"Mitton J.B. and Grant M.C. 1980. Observations on the ecology and evolution of quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides, in the Colorado front range. Theor. Appl. Genet. 51: 5?13.",{"doi":1520},"10.1007\u002FBF00306055",{"id":18,"text":1522,"url":18,"identifiers":1523},"Mitton J.B. and Pierce B.A. 1980. The distribution of individual heterozygosity in natural populations. Genetics 95: 1043?1054.",{"doi":1524},"10.1093\u002Fgenetics\u002F95.4.1043",{"id":18,"text":1526,"url":18,"identifiers":1527},"Mitton J.B. and Grant M.C. 1984. Associations among protein heterozygosity, growth rate, and developmental homeostasis. Ann. Rev. Ecol. 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Note 18, 14 pp.",{},{"id":1586,"createTime":1587,"updateTime":1588,"relativeEntities":1589,"slug":1590,"properties":1591,"entityType":200,"verifyStatus":201,"verifyTime":1600,"verifyNote":203,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1601,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1602,"publicationType":275,"publisherRelationship":1631,"citationCount":1677,"citationInfo":1678,"publishDate":1682,"publishYear":1679,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1588,"indexDatabases":1683,"openAccess":18,"references":1684,"isForceReanalyzing":329},"9420d4ca-2bee-42c3-8062-fb3787fd5a96","2024-01-17T19:44:01.002+00:00","2026-05-14T11:48:48.651+00:00",[],"Growth-and-nutrition-of-containerized-Pinus-Resinosa-seedlings-at-varying-moisture-regimes",{"abstract":1592,"title":1594,"gsPaper":1596,"doi":1598},{"EN":1593},"Containerized red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings were grown over a 16-week rotation at different irrigation treatments to assess moisture stress on plant growth and nutrition, and to evaluate container capacity as a guide for irrigation. Wet, moist and dry moisture regimes were induced by watering trees to the container capacity weight of the growing medium after declining to respective 92, 73 and 57% of this reference weight. The seedlings received the same amount of fertilizer over the growth period. Maximum shoot and root growth was attained under the wet moisture regime, but biomass was reduced 21 and 43% for the moist and dry regimes. Plant nutrient concentrations were not significantly affected by watering treatment, and vector diagnosis of dry matter production and element composition indicated that macronutrients were non-limiting. Seedling nutrient uptake however, was significantly diminished by moisture stress which was attributed to decreased root growth and lower mass flow and diffusion of nutrients when moisture availability was reduced in the peat rooting media. Container capacity was found to be a sensitive reference for judging the watering requirements of greenhouse-grown containerized seedlings. The method can be relatively easily applied on an operational basis.",{"EN":1595},"Growth and nutrition of containerized Pinus Resinosa seedlings at varying moisture regimes",{"VOID":1597},"[\"17028327721394742165\"]",{"VOID":1599},"10.1007\u002FBF00021580","2024-05-05T18:24:11.358+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00021580",[1603,1618],{"id":1604,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1605,"affiliations":1606,"properties":1615,"displayName":1617,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"9b60b8d8-4161-4431-94d1-304cd558159b",[209],[1607],{"id":1608,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1609,"properties":18},"19770562-609a-4e0d-81d7-6ca2ea7c4f03",{"id":1608,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1610,"slug":18,"properties":1611,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1614,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1612},{"VI":1613},"Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada",[],{"title":1616},{"VI":1617},"V. 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Two-crop production of western conifers. In: R. W. Tinus et al. (Ed) Proc. N. Amer. Containerized Tree Seedling Symp. 26–29 Aug. 1974. Great Plains Agric. Council Publ. No. 68, Denver, CO. pp. 104–111.",{},{"id":1692,"text":1758,"url":1694,"identifiers":1759},"Puustjarvi, V. and Robertson, R. A. 1975. Physical and chemical properties. In: Robinson, D. W. and Lamb, J. G. D. (Eds) Peat in horticulture. Academic Press, London. pp. 23–38.",{"doi":1696},{"id":18,"text":1761,"url":18,"identifiers":1762},"SAS Institute. 1982. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Inst., Inc., Raleigh, NC.",{},{"id":1692,"text":1764,"url":1694,"identifiers":1765},"Schomaker, C. E. 1969. Growth and foliar nutrition of white pine seedlings as influenced by simultaneous changes in moisture and nutrient supply. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 33: 614–618.",{"doi":1696},{"id":1692,"text":1767,"url":1694,"identifiers":1768},"Spomer, L. A. 1975. Small soil containers as experimental tools: soil water relations. Commun. 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