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and dysphagia are known complications following posterior fossa tumour (PFT) surgery. Outcome studies for these disorders, however, have focused on a select sub-group of children with mutism. Little is known regarding the incidence or features of these impairments in a consecutively admitted sample of children with PFT. This study describes the incidence and features of mutism, dysarthria and dysphagia during the acute post-surgical phase in a consecutive sample of children with PFT, unselected for the presence of mutism. A retrospective medical chart review of children aged 2 to 18 years consecutively admitted with PFT between January 2003 and January 2008 was conducted. Twenty-seven children with PFT were identified. Post-surgical mutism, dysarthria and dysphagia were recorded in 9\u002F27 (33%), 8\u002F27 (30%) and 9\u002F27 (33%) cases, respectively. Dysarthria most commonly involved deficits in articulation; however, impairments in respiration, phonation and prosody were also reported. Dysphagia involved all stages of swallowing (i.e., pre-oral anticipatory, oral preparatory, oral and pharyngeal). Eighty-nine percent of children (8\u002F9) presented with dysphagia at hospital discharge. The incidence of acute presentation of mutism, dysarthria and dysphagia post-surgery was relatively high, affecting around one in three cases. This incidence rate, considered together with the fact that over half of all cases had co-morbid communication or swallowing impairments, suggests that health professionals should be aware of the likelihood of dysarthria and dysphagia presentation in the acute period and consider speech pathology referral where necessary.",{"EN":1150},"Incidence of mutism, dysarthria and dysphagia associated with childhood posterior fossa tumour",{"VOID":1152},"[\"10718903903594054617\"]",{"VOID":1154},"Huber JF, Bradley K, Spiegler BJ, Dennis M (2006) Long-term effects of transient cerebellar mutism after cerebellar astrocytoma or medulloblastoma tumor resection in childhood. Childs Nerv Syst 22(2):132–138\nAckermann H (2008) Cerebellar contributions to speech production and speech perception: psycholinguistic and neurobiological perspectives. Trends Neurosci 31(6):265–272\nRiecker A, Mathiak K, Wildgruber D, Erb M, Hertrich I, Grodd W, Ackermann H (2005) fMRI reveals two distinct cerebral networks subserving speech motor control. Neurology 64(4):700–706\nHumbert IA, Robbins J (2007) Normal swallowing and functional magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review. Dysphagia 22(3):266–275\nDe Smet HJ, Baillieux H, Catsman-Berrevoets C, De Deyn PP, Mariën P, Paquier PF (2007) Postoperative motor speech production in children with the syndrome of ‘cerebellar’ mutism and subsequent dysarthria: a critical review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 11(4):193–207\nPollack IF, Polinko P, Albright L, Towbin R, Fitz C (1995) Mutism and pseudobulbar symptoms after resection of posterior fossa tumors in children: incidence and pathophysiology. Neurosurgery 37(5):885–893\nMorris EB, Phillips NS, Laningham FH, Patay Z, Gajjar A, Wallace D, Boop F, Sanford R, Ness KK, Ogg RJ (2009) Proximal dentatothalamocortical tract involvement in posterior fossa syndrome. Brain 132(11):3087–3095\nWells EM, Khademian ZP, Walsh KS, Vezina G, Sposto R, Keating RF, Packer RJ (2010) Postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome following treatment of medulloblastoma: neuroradiographic features and origin. J Neurosurg Pediatr 5(4):329–332\nDailey AT, McKhann GM, Berger MS (1995) The pathophysiology of oral pharyngeal apraxia and mutism following posterior fossa tumor resection in children. J Neurosurg 83(3):467–475\nPollack IF (2001) Neurobehavioral abnormalities after posterior fossa surgery in children. Int Rev Psychiatry 13(4):302–312\nKingma A, Mooij JJA, Metzemaekers JDM, Leeuw JA (1994) Transient mutism and speech disorders after posterior fossa surgery in children with brain tumours. Acta Neurochir 131(1–2):74–89\nAarsen FK, Van Dongen HR, Paquier PF, Van Mourik M, Catsman-Berrevoets CE (2004) Long-term sequelae in children after cerebellar astrocytoma surgery. Neurology 62(8):1311–1316\nRichter S, Schoch B, Ozimek A, Gorissen B, Hein-Kropp C, Kaiser O, Hovel M, Wieland R, Gizewski E, Ziegler W, Timmann D (2004) Incidence of dysarthria in children with cerebellar tumors: a prospective study. Brain Lang 92(2):153–167\nNewman LA, Boop FA, Sandford RA, Thompson JW, Temple CK, Duntsch CD (2006) Postoperative swallowing function after posterior fossa tumour resection in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst 22(10):1296–1300\nMorgan AT, Sell D, Ryan M, Raynsford E, Hayward R (2008) Pre and post-surgical dysphagia outcome associated with posterior fossa tumour in children. J Neurooncol 87(3):347–354\nArvedson J, Rogers B, Buck G, Smart P, Msall M (1994) Silent aspiration prominent in children with dysphagia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 28(1–2):173–181\nBhatoe HS (1997) Mutism, oropharyngeal apraxia and dysarthria after posterior fossa tumour excision. Br J Neurosurg 11(4):341–343\nRobertson PL, Muraszko KM, Holmes EJ, Sposto R, Packer RJ, Gajjar A, Dias MS, Allen JC (2006) Incidence and severity of postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome in children with medulloblastoma: a prospective study by the Children’s Oncology Group. J Neurosurg 105(6):444–451\nSteinbok P, Cochrane DD, Perrin R, Price A (2003) Mutism after posterior fossa tumour resection in children: incomplete recovery on long-term follow-up. Pediatr Neurosurg 39(4):179–183\nCornwell PL, Murdoch BE, Ward EC, Morgan A (2003) Dysarthria and dysphagia as long-term sequelae in a child treated for posterior fossa tumour. Pediatr Rehabil 6(2):67–75\nMurdoch BE, Hudson-Tennent LJ (1994) Speech disorders in children treated for posterior fossa tumours: ataxic and developmental features. Eur J Disord Commun 29(4):379–397\nLeitão S, Fletcher J (2004) Literacy outcomes for students with speech impairment: long-term follow-up. Int J Lang Commun Disord 39(2):245–256\nLewis BA, Freebairn LA, Taylor HG (2000) Academic outcomes in children with histories of speech sound disorders. J Commun Disord 33(1):11–30\nSheikh S, Allen E, Shell R, Hruschak J, Iram D, Castile R, McCoy K (2001) Chronic aspiration without gastroesophageal reflux as a cause of chronic respiratory symptoms in neurologically normal infants. Chest 120(4):1190–1195\nNip ISB, Green JR, Marx DB (2009) Early speech motor development: cognitive and linguistic considerations. J Commun Disord 42(4):286–298\nCarruth BR, Skinner JD (2002) Feeding behaviors and other motor development in healthy children (2–24 Months). J Am Coll Nutr 21(2):88–96\nCatsman-Berrevoets CE, Van Dongen HR, Mulder PGH, Paz y Geuze D, Paquier PF, Lequin MH (1999) Tumour type and size are high risk factors for the syndrome of ‘cerebellar’ mutism and subsequent dysarthria. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 67(6):755–757\nDavid KM, Casey AT, Hayward RD, Harkness WF, Phipps K, Wade AM (1997) Medulloblastoma: is the 5-year survival rate improving? A review of 80 cases from a single institution. J Neurosurg 86(1):13–21\nDubey A, Sung WS, Shaya M, Patwardhan R, Willis B, Smith D, Nanda A (2009) Complications of posterior cranial fossa surgery - an institutional experience of 500 patients. Surg Neurol 72(4):369–375\nKotil K, Eras M, Akcetin M, Bilge T (2008) Cerebellar mutism following posterior fossa tumor resection in children. Turk Neurosurg 18(1):89–94\nOzimek A, Richter S, Hein-Kropp C, Schoch B, Gorissen B, Kaiser O, Gizewski E, Ziegler W, Timmann D (2004) Cerebellar mutism - report of four cases. J Neurol 251(8):963–972\nDi Rocco C, Chieffo D, Pettorini BL, Massimi L, Caldarelli M, Tamburrini G (2010) Preoperative and postoperative neurological, neuropsychological and behavioral impairment in children with posterior cranial fossa astrocytomas and medulloblastomas: the role of the tumor and the impact of the surgical treatment. 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Cereb Cortex 25(12):4812–4827",{"VOID":1291},"10.1007\u002Fs00381-020-04595-6","2024-05-16T16:08:44.789+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00381-020-04595-6",[1295,1312,1327],{"id":1296,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1297,"affiliations":1298,"properties":1307},"4d53be54-45a0-43bc-a210-eedc9939eba7",[256],[1299],{"id":1300,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1301,"properties":20},"5da831fc-9d7b-454f-964f-01cd24feb8cf",{"id":1300,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1302,"slug":20,"properties":1303,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1306,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1304},{"VI":1305},"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey",[],{"title":1308,"gsAuthor":1310},{"VI":1309},"Fatma 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-and-review-of-literature",{"abstract":1411,"title":1413,"gsPaper":1415,"references":1417,"doi":1419},{"EN":1412},"Cavernous malformations (CMs) are rare developmental cerebrovascular malformations of the central nervous system with a childhood prevalence of 0.3 to 0.53%. Our purpose was to assess the clinical features and microsurgical outcome in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) CMs. We retrospectively enrolled all the CM patients admitted to our institute from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2014. Data was analyzed for their clinical features and surgical outcome. A total of 50 patients with CMs (30 supratentorial, 14 infratentorial, and 6 spinal) with a mean age of 14 years (3–18 years, SD ±4.64) were enrolled into the study. Most of these patients (78%) were male. Size varied from 1.2 to 6 cm. Three patients had multiple CMs. Symptoms of CMs were site specific. Seizure was the most common symptom (63.3%) of CMs at supratentorial location followed by headache (46%) and neurodeficiency (26%), while all brainstem and spinal CMs presented with neurodeficiencies. History of clinically significant acute hemorrhage was present in 19.2% of supratentorial (ST) superficial CMs, 50% of ST deep CMs, 25% of cerebellar CMs, 44.4% of brainstem CMs, and 50% of spinal CMs. Forty-five CMs in 44 patients were surgically excised. Their follow-up ranged from 6 to 162 months (mean 47.2 months, SD ±53). All supratentorial CM patients showed improvement in their symptoms. Patients with preoperative seizure showed good seizure control with Engel scale I in 16 (94.1%) and Engel scale II in 1 (5.9%). In infratentorial (IT) and spinal CM patients, 92.3 and 66.7% had improvement in their neurodeficiencies, respectively. There was no mortality in our series. Microsurgical excision of CNS CM results in excellent neurological outcome in pediatric patients. Early intervention is necessary in spinal CMs for better outcome.",{"EN":1414},"Cavernous malformations of central nervous system in pediatric patients: our single-centered experience in 50 patients and review of literature",{"VOID":1416},"[\"16969596678875955000\"]",{"VOID":1418},"Hoang T-A, Hasso AN (1994) Intracranial vascular malformations. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 4:823–842\nMcCormick WF (1966) The pathology of vascular (‘arteriovenous’) malformations. J Neurosurg 24:807–816\nAlexiou GA, Mpairamidis E, Sfakianos G, Prodromu N (2009) Surgical management of brain cavernomas in children. Pediatr Neurosurg 45:375–378\nRigamonti D, Hadley MN, Drayer BP (1988) Cerebral cavernous malformations: incidence and familial occurrence. N Engl J Med 319:343–347\nBergeson PS, Rekate HL, Tack ED (1992) Cerebral cavernous angiomas in the newborn. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 31:435–437\nMottolese C, Hermier M, Stan H, Jouvet A, Saint-Pierre G, Froment JC, Bret P, Lapras C (2001) Central nervous system cavernomas in the pediatric age group. Neurosurg Rev 24:55–73\nEngel JJ, Van Ness PC, Rasmussen TB, Ojemann LM (1993) Outcome with respect to epileptic seizures. In: Engel JJ (ed) Surgical treatment of the epilepsies. Raven Press, New York, pp 609–621\nManzano G, Green BA, Vanni S, Levi AD (2008) Contemporary management of adult intramedullary spinal tumors- pathology and neurological outcome related to surgical resection. Spinal Cord 46:540–546\nBrown AP, Thompson BG, Spetzler RF (1996) The two-point method: evaluating brain stem lesions. BNI Q 12(1):20–24\nKraemer DL, Awad IA (1994) Vascular malformations and epilepsy: clinical considerations and basic mechanisms. Epilepsia 35:S30–S43\nAcciarri N, Galassi E, Giulioni M, Pozzati E, Grasso V, Palandri G, Badaloni F, Zucchelli M, Calbucci F (2009) Cavernous malformations of central nervous system in the pediatric age group. Pediatr Neurosurg 45:81–104\nHugelshofer M, Acciarri N, Sure U et al (2011) Effective surgical treatment of cerebral cavernous malformations: a multicenter study of 79 pediatric patients. J Neurosurg Pediatr 8:522–525\nGiulioni M, Acciarri N, Padovani R, Galassi E (1995) Results of surgery in children with cerebral cavernous angiomas causing epilepsy. Br J Neurosurg 9:135–141\nMindea SA, Yang BP, Shenkar R, Bendok B, Batjer HH, Awad IA (2006) Cerebral cavernous malformations: clinical insights from genetic studies. Neurosurg Focus 21:e1\nDenier C, Labauge P, Brunereau L, Cavé-Riant F, Marchelli F, Arnoult M, Cecillon M, Maciazek J, Joutel A, Tournier-Lasserve E (2004) Clinical features of cerebral cavernous malformations patients with KRIT1 mutations. 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