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The copolymerization was carried out in bulk or anisole with CuBr\u002Fbipy catalyst at 100–130°C. It is found that the resulting copolymers possess predetermined molecular weights and narrower polydispersities (1.18 M\n                w\u002FM\n                n 1.32). The effects of reaction temperature and monomer feed on the copolymerization kinetics were investigated in detail. By using the Fineman-Ross method, the apparent monomer reactivity ratios for the atom transfer radical copolymerization of PhMI and St were determined to be r\n                PhMI = 0.0207, and r\n                St = 0.0484, respectively.",{"EN":194,"VI":195},"“Living”\u002Fcontrolled radical copolymerization of N- phenylmaleimide and styrene using Fréchet- type dendritic initiators","Đồng trùng hợp gốc \"sống\"\u002Fcó kiểm soát của N-phenylmaleimide và styrene sử dụng chất khơi mào nhánh kiểu Fréchet",{"VOID":197},"Shan, G. R., Huang, Z. M., Weng, Z. X. et al., A new model of mechanism and treatment of kinetics for styrene\u002FN-phenylmaleimide copolymerization, Macromolecules, 1997, 30: 1279–1284.\nChen, G. Q., Wu, Z. Q., Wu, J. R. et al., Synthesis of alternating copolymers of N-substituted maleimides with styrene via atom transfer polymerization, Macromolecules, 2000, 33: 232–234.\nZhao, Y. L., Liu, P. S., Liu, H. W. et al., Quantitative determination of the contribution of charge-transfer complex in the microemulsion copolymerization of N-butyl maleimide and styrene, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2001, 22: 633–637.\nZhao, Y. L., Li, H. M., Liu, P. S., Study on microemulsion copolymerization of N-butyl maleimide and styrene, Chem. J. Chinese Universities (in Chinese), 2000, 21: 1477–1480.\nZhao, Y. L., Jiang, J., Liu, H. W. et al., Atom transfer radical copolymerization of N-phenylmaleimide and styrene initiated with dendritic polyarylether 2-bromoisobutyrate, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 2001, 39: 3960–3966.\nShan, G. R., Weng, Z. X., Huang, Z. M. et al., Kinetics of vinyl monomer\u002FN-substituted maleimide copolymerization, Chem. J. Chinese Universities (in Chinese), 1999, 20: 651–655.\nShan, G. R., Weng, Z. X., Huang, Z. M. et al., Reactivity ratios for copolymerization with the participation of chargetransfer complex, Chem. J. Chinese Universities (in Chinese), 1999, 20: 656–660.\nWang, J. S., Matyjaszewski, K., Controlled\u002F“living” radical polymerization, Halogen atom transfer radical polymerization promoted by a redox process, Macromolecules, 1995, 28: 7901–7910.\nYu, Q., Zeng, F. Q., Zhu, S. P., Atom transfer radical polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, Macromolecules, 2001, 34: 1612–1618.\nYuan, J. Y., Pan, C. Y., Tang, B. Z., “Living” free radical ring-opening polymerization of 5,6-benzo-2-methyl ene-1,3-dioxepane using the ATRP method, Macromolecules, 2001, 34: 211–214.\nQin, D. Q., Qin, S. H., Qiu, K. Y., A reverse ATRP process with a hexasubstituted thermal iniferter 2,3-dicyano-2, 3-di(p-tolyl)succinate (DCDTS) as the initiator, Macromolecules, 2000, 33: 6987–6992.\nZhu, S. M, Yan, D. Y., Atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate catalyzed by FeCl2\u002Fiminodiacetic acid, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 2000, 38: 4308–4314.\nHusseman, M., Malmström, E. E., McNamara, M. et al., Controlled synthesis of polymer brushes by “living” free radical polymerization techniques, Macromolecules, 1999, 32: 1424–1431.\nBaek, K. Y., Kamigaito, M., Sawamoto, M., Star-shaped polymers by metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization, 1. Design of Ru(II)-based systems and divinyl linking agents, Macromolecules, 2001, 34: 215–221.\nTsoukatos, T., Pispas, S., Hadjichristidis, N., Star-branched polystyrenes by nitroxide living free-radical polymerization, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 2001, 39: 320–325.\nPasquale, A. J., Long, T. E., Synthesis of star-shaped polystyrenes via nitroxide-mediated stable free-radical polymerization, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 2001, 39: 216–223.\nTrollsås, M., Hedrick, J. L., Dendrimers-like star polymers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120: 4644–4651.\nXia, J., Zhang, X., Matyjaszewski, K., Synthesis of star-shaped polystyrene by atom transfer radical polymerization using an “arm first” approach, Macromolecules, 1999, 32: 4482–4484.\nIshizu, K., Kitano, H., Synthesis of functional star-shaped poly(ethylene oxide) using the macromonomer technique, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2000, 21: 979–982.\nZhang, X., Wang, P., Zhu, P. W. et al., Second order nonlinear optical materials based on poly(p-chloromethyl styrene), Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2000, 201: 1853–1857.\nCoce, S., Matyjaszewski, K., Alternating copolymers of methyl acrylate with isobutene and isobutyl vinyl ether using ATRP, Polym. Prepr., 1996, 37: 573–574.\nTomalia, D. A., Dvornic, P. R., Catalysis: what promise for dendrimers, Nature, 1994, 372: 617–618.\nFréchet, J. M. J., Functional polymers and dendrimers: reactivity, molecular architecture, and interfacial energy, Science, 1994, 263: 1710–1715.\nGong, A. J., Fan, Q. H., Chen, Y. M. et al., Two-phase hydroformylation reaction catalyzed by rhodium-complexed water-souble dendrimers, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 2000, 159: 225–232.\nHigashi, N., Koga, T., Niwa, M., Dendrimers with attached helical peptides, Adv. Mater., 2000, 12: 1373–1375.\nWang, J. F., Jia, X. R., Zhong, H. et al., Cinnamoyl shell-modified poly(amidoamone) dendrimers, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 2000, 38: 4147–4153.\nLeduc, M. R., Hawker, J., Dao, J. et al., Dendritic initiators for “living” radical polymerization: A versatile approach to the synthesis of dendritic-linear block copolymers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118: 11111–11118.\nMecerreyes, D., Dubois, Ph., Jérôme, R. et al., Synthesis of dendritic-linear block copolymers by living ring-opening polymerization of lactones and lactides using dendritic initiators, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 1999, 37: 1923–1930.\nZhu, L. Y., Tong, X. F., Li, M. Z. et al., Synthesis and solution properties of anionic linear-dendritic block amphiphiles, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 2000, 38: 4282–4288.\nChang, Y., Kim, C., Synthesis and photophysical characterization of amphiphilic dendritic-linear-dendritic block copolymers, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 2001, 39: 918–926.\nZhao, Y. L., Gong, A. J., Jiang, J. et al., Synthesis of dendritic-linear block copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization, Chinese Chemical Letters, 2001, 12: 595–596.\nVijayakumar, C. T., Lederer, K., Thermal degradation of radically polymerized N-phenylmaleimide, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 1991, 32: 9–15.\nHawker, C. J., Fréchet, J. M. J., Preparation of polymers with controlled molecular architecture, A new convergent approach to dendritic macromolecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112: 7638–7647.\nOrdain, G., Principles of Polymerization, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1991, 45.",{"VOID":199},"10.1360\u002F02yb9019","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","2025-01-06T05:50:21.886+00:00","Auto Verify",[205],"VI","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scichina.com\u002Fyk\u002Fyb\u002F0202\u002Fyb0135.stm",[208,224,237,251,264],{"id":209,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":210,"affiliations":212,"properties":221,"displayName":223,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"13c5ad56-a70c-4885-b269-ce0f19dabc78",[211],"AUTHOR",[213],{"id":214,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":215,"properties":20},"f85e5113-7734-4b65-b8ec-569dcd1108ca",{"id":214,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":216,"slug":20,"properties":217,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":220,"statistic":20},[],{"title":218},{"VI":219},"State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China",[],{"title":222},{"VI":223},"Youliang Zhao",{"id":225,"sortIndex":155,"researcher":20,"roles":226,"affiliations":227,"properties":234,"displayName":236,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"f237045a-1543-422c-9ac3-67232609f997",[211],[228],{"id":214,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":229,"properties":20},{"id":214,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":230,"slug":20,"properties":231,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":233,"statistic":20},[],{"title":232},{"VI":219},[],{"title":235},{"VI":236},"Jing 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granulometric and geochemical analyses were conducted on an intertidal sediment core from the Yangtze Estuary to evaluate the possibility of normalizing samples for particle size effects in a heavy metal pollution study by means of magnetic proxies. It has been found that the magnetic parameterϰARM, indicating fine grained ferrimagnetic minerals, correlates well with the clay content and organic matter concentration of the sediments.ϰARM also shows significant relationship with heavy metals. ThereforeϰARM is proposed as a proxy for clay content in the sediments, and can be used to compensate for the particle size effect in sedimentary heavy metal records, where magnetic minerals are not subject to significant post-depositional alteration.",{"EN":340,"VI":341},"Magnetic normalization of particle size effects in a heavy metal pollution study of intertidal sediments from the Yangzte Estuary","Chuẩn hóa từ tính cho hiệu ứng kích thước hạt trong nghiên cứu ô nhiễm kim loại nặng ở trầm tích vùng gian triều từ cửa sông Dương Tử",{"VOID":343},"Rae, J. E., Trace metals in deposited intertidal sediments, in Biogeochemistry of intertidal sediments (eds. Jickells, T. D., Rae, J. E.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, 16–31.\nOldfield, F., Yu, L., The influence of particle size variations on the magnetic properties of sediments from the north-eastern Irish Sea, Sedimentology, 1994, 41: 1093.\nClifton, J., McDonald, P., Plater, A. et al., Derivation of a grain-size proxy to aid the modelling and prediction of radionuclide activity in salt marshes and mud flats of the Eastern Irish Sea, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1999, 48: 511.\nOldfield, F., Environmental magnetism-a personal perspective, Quaternary Science Reviews, 1991, 10: 73.\nJones, B. R., Laslett, R. E., Methods for analysis of trace metals in marine and other samples, Lowesofl: Directorate of Fisheries Research, MAFF, 1994, 20–209.\nInstitute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.), Physical and Chemical Analysis of Soil, Shangai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1978, 132–136.\nXu, S. Y., Tao, J., Chen, Z. L. et al., Dynamic accumulation of heavy metals in intertidal sediments of Shanghai, Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (in Chinese), 1997, 28: 509.\nThompson, R., Oldfield, F., Environmental Magnetism, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1986, 1–227.\nYang, S. 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Cis- and trans-4-acyl-β-lactams were synthesized stereoselectively from vicinal diketones via the formation of bulky and less bulky diimines as key intermediates, respectively. The diimines reacted with acyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine to give rise to the corresponding 4-imino-β-lactams, which were further hydrolyzed to afford 4-acyl-β-lactams. The cis- and trans selectivity is depended on the steric hindrance of the imine N-substituents. A series of cis-4-acyl-β-lactams were synthesized from vicinal ketoaldehydes via the formation of their monoimines and diimines as intermediates. Pyruvic aldehyde produced cis-4-acetyl-β-lactams and cis-4-formyl-β-lactams, respectively, through the reactions of its monoimine and diimine with acyl chlorides. Phenylglyoxal generated cis-4-benzoyl-β-lactams via its monoaldimine.",{"EN":453},"Stereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-4-acyl-β-lactams from vicinal diketones and ketoaldehydes",{"VOID":455},"[\"9475781232380839038\"]",{"VOID":457},"10.1007\u002Fs11426-011-4372-1","2024-04-30T05:19:17.995+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11426-011-4372-1",[461,476],{"id":462,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":463,"affiliations":464,"properties":473,"displayName":475,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"bb43e8fc-6fb5-4e8d-8de0-52ec647e742e",[211],[465],{"id":466,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":467,"properties":20},"0a91b22c-c6f5-4817-a51e-e5a04bd41be4",{"id":466,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":468,"slug":20,"properties":469,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":472,"statistic":20},[],{"title":470},{"EN":471},"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; 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Chem Soc Rev, 2001, 30: 226–240","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":548},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":20,"text":550,"url":20,"identifiers":551},"Alcaide B, Almendros P, Aragoncillo C. β-Lactams: Versatile building blocks for the stereoselective synthesis of non-β-lactam products. Chem Rev, 2007, 107: 4437–4492",{},{"id":20,"text":553,"url":20,"identifiers":554},"Palomo C, Aizpurua CJM, Ganboa I, Carreaux F, Cuevas C, Maneiro E, Ontoria JM. New synthesis of α-amino acid N-carboxy anhydrides through Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of α-keto-β-lactams. J Org Chem, 1994, 59: 3123–3130",{},{"id":544,"text":556,"url":546,"identifiers":557},"Palomo C, Aizpurua CJM, Ganboa I, Odriozola B, Urchegui R, Gorls H. Concise synthesis of α-alkyl-α-amino acids and their incorporation into peptides via β-lactam-derived α-amino acid N-carboxy anhydrides. Chem Commun, 1996: 1269–1270",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":559,"url":546,"identifiers":560},"Robinson RP, Donahue KM. Synthesis of a peptidyl difluoro ketone bearing the aspartic acid side chain: An inhibitor of interleukin-1 converting enzyme. J Org Chem, 1992, 57: 7309–7314",{"doi":548},{"id":562,"text":563,"url":564,"identifiers":565},"a3cbdd20-7e32-494b-ab11-4d8b2af8db8a","Palomo C, Arrieta A, CossÍo FP, Aizpurua JM, Mielgo A, Aurrekoetxea N. Highly stereoselective synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-amino acids through β-lactams: application to the synthesis of the taxol and bestatin side chains and related systems. Tetrahedron Lett, 1990, 31: 6429–6432","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0040403900970837",{"doi":566},"10.1016\u002Fs0040-4039(00)97083-7",{"id":544,"text":568,"url":546,"identifiers":569},"Kale AS, Deshmukh ARAS. An efficient synthesis of 2,3-aziridino-γ-lactones from azetidin-2-ones. Synlett, 2005: 2370–2372",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":571,"url":546,"identifiers":572},"J Alcaide B, Martın-Cantalejo Y, Rodrıguez-Lopez J, Sierra MA. New reactivity patterns of the β-lactam ring: tandem C3–C4 bond breakage-rearrangement of 4-acyl- or 4-imino-3,3-dimethoxy-2-azetidinones promoted by stannous chloride (SnCl2-2H2O). J Org Chem, 1993, 581: 4767–4770",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":574,"url":546,"identifiers":575},"Alcaide B, Domınguez G, Martın-Domenech A, Plumet J, Monge A, Perez-Garcıa V. Ring expansion of 4-benzoyl-β-lactams. Heterocycles, 1987, 26: 1461–1466",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":577,"url":546,"identifiers":578},"Alcaide B, Almendros P, Cabrero G, Ruiz MP. Organocatalytic ring expansion of β-lactams to γ-lactams through a novel N1-C4 bond cleavage. Direct synthesis of enantiopure succinimide derivatives. Org Lett, 2005, 7: 3981–3984",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":580,"url":546,"identifiers":581},"Alcaide B, Almendros P, Cabreroa G, Ruiza MP. Direct organocatalytic synthesis of enantiopure succinimides from β-lactam aldehydes through ring expansion promoted by azolium salt precatalysts. Chem Commun, 2007: 4788–4790",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":583,"url":546,"identifiers":584},"Li GQ, Li Y, Dai LX, You SL. N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed ring expansion of 4-formyl-beta-lactams: Synthesis of succinimide derivatives. Org Lett, 2007, 9: 3519–3521",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":586,"url":546,"identifiers":587},"Domingo LR, Aurell MJ, Arno M. Understanding the mechanism of the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed ring-expansion of 4-formyl-β-lactams to succinimide derivatives. Tetrahedron, 2009, 65: 3432–3440",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":589,"url":546,"identifiers":590},"Alcaide B, Aly M, Rodrıguez C, Rodrıguez-Vicente A. Basepromoted isomerization of cis-4-formyl-2-azetidinones: chemoselective C4-epimerization vs rearrangement to cyclic enaminones. J Org Chem, 2000, 65: 3453–3459",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":592,"url":546,"identifiers":593},"Krishnaswamy D, Govande VV, Deshmukh ARAS. 4-Formylazetidin-2-ones, synthon for the facile synthesis of enantiopure 4-aminopiperidin-2-one. Synthesis, 2003: 1903–1908",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":595,"url":546,"identifiers":596},"Bailey PD, Millwood PA, Smith PD. Asymmetric routes to substituted piperidines. Chem Commun, 1998: 633–640",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":598,"url":546,"identifiers":599},"Parr IB, Horenstein BA. New electronic analogs of the sialyl cation: N-functionalized 4-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxypiperidines. Inhibition of bacterial sialidases. J Org Chem, 1997, 62: 7489–7494",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":601,"url":546,"identifiers":602},"Alcaide B, Almendros P, Cabrero G, Ruiz MP. Stereocontrolled access to orthogonally protected anti,anti-4-aminopiperidine-3,5-diols through chemoselective reduction of enantiopure β-lactam cyanohydrins. J Org Chem, 2007, 72: 7980–7991",{"doi":548},{"id":20,"text":604,"url":20,"identifiers":605},"Kale AS, Puranik VG, Rakeeb A, Deshmukh AS. A practical formal synthesis of d-(+)-biotin from 4-formylazetidin-2-one. Synthesis, 2007, 17: 1159–1164",{},{"id":544,"text":607,"url":546,"identifiers":608},"Alcaide B, Almendros P, Alonso JM. A practical ruthenium-catalyzed cleavage of the allyl protecting group in amides, lactams, imides, and congeners. Chem Eur J, 2006, 12: 2874–2879",{"doi":548},{"id":20,"text":610,"url":20,"identifiers":611},"Buttero PD, Molteni G, Papagnib A, Pilati T. The intramolecular aromatic nucleophilic substitution as a route to tricyclic β-lactams. Synthesis of the novel 4-oxa-7-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane skeleton. Tetrahedron, 2003, 59: 5259–5263",{},{"id":544,"text":613,"url":546,"identifiers":614},"Alcaide B, Almendros P, Alonso JM, Aly MF. Useful dual Diels-Alder behavior of 2-azetidinone-tethered aryl imines as azadienophiles or azadienes: A β-lactam-based stereocontrolled access to optically pure highly functionalized indolizidine systems. Chem Eur J, 2003, 99: 3415–3426",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":616,"url":546,"identifiers":617},"Alcaide B, Almendros P, Alonso JM, Aly MF. 1,3-Dipolar cycload-dition of 2-azetidinone-tethered azomethine ylides. application to the rapid, stereocontrolled synthesis of optically pure highly functionalized pyrrolizidine systems. Chem Commun, 2000: 485–486",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":619,"url":546,"identifiers":620},"Alcaide B, Almendros P, Alonso JM, Aly MF. Rapid and stereocontrolled synthesis of racemic and optically pure highly functionalized pyrrolizidine systems via rearrangement of 1,3-dipolar cycloadducts derived from 2-azetidinone-tethered azomethine ylides. J Org Chem, 2001, 66: 1351–1358",{"doi":548},{"id":20,"text":622,"url":20,"identifiers":623},"Alcaide B, Polanco C, Sierra MA. Alkyne-Co2(CO)6 complexes in the synthesis of fused tricyclic β-lactam and azetidine system. J Org Chem, 1998, 63: 6786–6796",{},{"id":544,"text":625,"url":546,"identifiers":626},"Ojima I, Lin S, Inoue T. Miller ML, Borella CP, Geng X, Walsh JJ. Macrocycle formation by ring-closing metathesis. Application to the syntheses of novel macrocyclic taxoids. J Am Chem Soc, 2000, 122: 5343–5353",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":628,"url":546,"identifiers":629},"Hart DJ, Lee CS. Asymmetric synthesis of β-lactams and the carbapenem antibiotic (+)-PS-5. J Am Chem Soc, 1986, 108: 6054–6056",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":631,"url":546,"identifiers":632},"Georg GI, Kant J, Gill HS. Symmetric synthesis of (1′R,3R,4R)-4-acetoxy-3-[1′-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl]-2-azetidinone and other 3-(1’-hydroxyethyl)-2-azetidinones from (S)-(+)-ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate: formal total synthesis of (+)-thienamycin. J Am Chem Soc, 1987, 109: 1129–1135",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":634,"url":546,"identifiers":635},"Evans DA, Sjogren EB. The asymmetric synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics II The first enantioselective synthesis of the carbacephaloporin nucleus. Tetrahedron Lett, 1985, 26, 3783–3787",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":637,"url":546,"identifiers":638},"Fujisawa T, Shibuya A, Sato D, Shimizu M. Stereoselective synthesis of monocyclic β-lactam related to a carmonam precursor via keteneimine reaction. Synlett, 1995, 39: 1067–1068",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":640,"url":546,"identifiers":641},"Tsubouchi H, Tsuji K, Yusumura K, Tada N, Nishitani S, Minamikawa J, Ishikawa H. A convenient one pot asymmetric synthesis of cis-β-lactams: Key precursors for optically active 2-oxaisocephems. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1994, 5: 441–452",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":643,"url":546,"identifiers":644},"Broady SD, Rexhausen JE, Thomas EJ. Total synthesis of AI-77-B: Stereoselective hydroxylation of 4-alkenylazetidinones. J Chem Soc, Perkin Trans 1, 1999:1083–1094",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":646,"url":546,"identifiers":647},"Myers AG, Zhong B, Movassaghi M, Kung DW, Lanman BA, Kwon S. Synthesis of highly epimerizable N-protected α-amino aldehydes of high enantiomeric excess. Tetrahedron Lett, 2000, 41, 1359–1362",{"doi":548},{"id":544,"text":649,"url":546,"identifiers":650},"Garcia-Martin M, Violante de Paz Banez M, Garcia-Alvarez M, Munoz-Guerra S, Galbis JA. Synthesis and structural studies of 2,3-disubstituted poly(β-peptide)s. 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Stereoselective control in the Staudinger reactions involving monosubstituted ketenes with electron acceptor substituents: Experimental investigation and theoretical rationalization. Org Biomol Chem, 2011, 9: 2702–2714",{"doi":548},{"id":700,"createTime":701,"updateTime":702,"relativeEntities":703,"slug":704,"properties":705,"entityType":200,"verifyStatus":201,"verifyTime":716,"verifyNote":203,"languages":717,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":719,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":720,"publicationType":278,"publisherRelationship":774,"citationCount":816,"citationInfo":817,"publishDate":822,"publishYear":818,"citationAnalyzeStatus":540,"lastCitationAnalyze":702,"indexDatabases":823,"openAccess":20,"references":824,"isForceReanalyzing":329},"dc105664-54e1-4836-8046-bd38e1f4d082","2024-04-11T05:16:14.561+00:00","2026-08-20T02:21:22.589+00:00",[],"New-routes-for-the-construction-of-strong-metal-support-interactions",{"abstract":706,"title":708,"gsPaper":710,"keywords":712,"doi":714},{"EN":707},"Supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) on solid carriers are highly efficient catalysts in many industrial reactions. However, the sintering and\u002For leaching of metal NPs occurred under harsh reaction conditions that caused the catalyst deactivation. Strong metal-support interactions (SMSIs) serve as an effective method to stabilize the metal NPs against sintering and leaching, which have been extensively studied. In addition to the classical route to construct SMSIs via high-temperature reduction treatments, new routes have emerged recently to extend the scope of catalysts with SMSIs and optimized their catalytic performances. In this review, we briefly summarize these routes that avoid the high-temperature reduction treatments for the construction of SMSIs. Their significant advantages in stabilizing metal NPs, modulating the geometric\u002Felectronic structure of metal species, and the mechanism on the SMSI formation are particularly discussed. Finally, the current challenges and developing trends in the construction of SMSIs for achieving more efficient catalysts are outlooked.",{"EN":709},"New routes for the construction of strong metal—support 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China",[],{"title":734},{"EN":735},"Hai Wang",{"id":737,"sortIndex":155,"researcher":20,"roles":738,"affiliations":739,"properties":746,"displayName":750,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"05139780-cd23-4ce0-b21e-304066ae5b44",[],[740],{"id":726,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":741,"properties":20},{"id":726,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":742,"slug":20,"properties":743,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":745,"statistic":20},[],{"title":744},{"VI":731},[],{"email":747,"title":749},{"VOID":748},"liangwang@zju.edu.cn",{"EN":750},"Liang 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ACS Catal, 2021, 11: 13050–13061",{"id":20,"text":914,"url":20,"identifiers":20},"Yan D, Chen J, Jia H. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2020, 59: 13562–13567",{"id":20,"text":916,"url":20,"identifiers":20},"Zhang J, Wang H, Wang L, Ali S, Wang C, Wang L, Meng X, Li B, Su DS, Xiao FS. J Am Chem Soc, 2019, 141: 2975–2983",{"id":20,"text":918,"url":20,"identifiers":20},"Hao H, Jin B, Liu W, Wu X, Yin F, Liu S. ACS Catal, 2020, 10: 13543–13548",{"id":920,"createTime":921,"updateTime":922,"relativeEntities":923,"slug":924,"properties":925,"entityType":200,"verifyStatus":201,"verifyTime":937,"verifyNote":203,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":938,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":939,"publicationType":278,"publisherRelationship":1033,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1075,"publishYear":1076,"citationAnalyzeStatus":1077,"lastCitationAnalyze":922,"indexDatabases":1078,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":329},"9180e95a-88df-422c-8172-c9dc417f2d16","2024-04-09T01:18:38.229+00:00","2026-08-16T03:42:16.554+00:00",[],"Sequential-protocol-for-C-sp-H-carboxylation-with-CO2-KOtBu-catalyzed-C-sp-H-silylation-and-KOtBu-mediated-carboxylation",{"abstract":926,"title":928,"gsPaper":930,"keywords":932,"references":933,"doi":935},{"EN":927},"CO2 incorporation into C–H bonds is an important and interesting topic. Herein a sequential protocol for C(sp)–H carboxylation by employing a metal-free C–H activation\u002Fcatalytic silylation reaction in conjunction with KOtBu-mediated carboxylation with CO2 was established, in which KOtBu catalyzes silylation of terminal alkynes to form alkynylsilanes at low temperature, and simultaneously mediates carboxylation of the alkynesilanes with atmospheric CO2. Importantly, the carboxylation further promotes the silylation, which makes the whole reaction proceed very rapidly. Moreover, this methodology is simple and scalable, which is characterized by short reaction time, wide substrate scope, excellent functional-group tolerance and mild reaction conditions, affording a range of corresponding propiolic acid products in excellent yields in most cases. In addition, it also allows for a convenient 13C-labeling through the use of 13CO2.",{"EN":929},"Sequential protocol for C(sp)–H carboxylation with CO2: KOtBu-catalyzed C(sp)–H silylation and KOtBu-mediated carboxylation",{"VOID":931},"[]",{"EN":713},{"VOID":934},"Bates ED, Mayton RD, Ntai I, Davis JH. J Am Chem Soc, 2002, 124: 926–927\nBakker D, Watson A. Nature, 2001, 410: 765–766\nCokoja M, Bruckmeier C, Rieger B, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 8510–8537\nWesselbaum S, Vom Stein T, Klankermayer J, Leitner W. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 7499–7502\nDas Neves Gomes C, Jacquet O, Villiers C, Thuéry P, Ephritikhine M, Cantat T. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 187–190\nTlili A, Frogneux X, Blondiaux E, Cantat T. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2014, 53: 2543–2545\nHe M, Sun Y, Han B. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 9620–9633\nPolyzos A, O’Brien M, Petersen TP, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 1190–1193\nZhang Z, Ju T, Ye JH, Yu DG. Synlett, 2017, 28: 741–750\nKim SH, Kim KH, Hong SH. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2014, 53: 771–774\nLiu XH, Ma JG, Niu Z, Yang GM, Cheng P. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2015, 54: 988–991\nManjolinho F, Arndt M, Gooßen K, Gooßen LJ. ACS Catal, 2012, 2: 2014–2021\nMita T, Suga K, Sato K, Sato Y. Org Lett, 2015, 17: 5276–5279\nEdwin Raja GC, Irudayanathan FM, Kim HS, Kim J, Lee S. J Org Chem, 2016, 81: 5244–5249\nZhang L, Hang Z, Liu ZQ. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2015, 55: 236–239\nAckermann L. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 3842–3844\nMizuno H, Takaya J, Iwasawa N. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 1251–1253\nDalton DM, Rovis T. Nat Chem, 2010, 2: 710–711\nMita T, Michigami K, Sato Y. Org Lett, 2012, 14: 3462–3465\nYu B, Yang P, Gao X, Yang ZZ, Zhao YF, Zhang HY, Liu ZM. New J Chem, 2017, 41: 9250–9255\nToutov AA, Liu WB, Betz KN, Fedorov A, Stoltz BM, Grubbs RH. Nature, 2015, 518: 80–84\nBarham JP, Coulthard G, Emery KJ, Doni E, Cumine F, Nocera G, John MP, Berlouis LEA, McGuire T, Tuttle T, Murphy JA. J Am Chem Soc, 2016, 138: 7402–7410\nWang H, Wang Z, Huang H, Tan J, Xu K. Org Lett, 2016, 18: 5680–5683\nShi Q, Zhang S, Zhang J, Oswald VF, Amassian A, Marder SR, Blakey SB. J Am Chem Soc, 2016, 138: 3946–3949\nLi F, Haj Elhussin IE, Li S, Zhou H, Wu J, Tian Y. J Org Chem, 2015, 80: 10605–10610\nYu D, Zhang Y. Green Chem, 2011, 13: 1275–1279\nYu B, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Xu J, Hao L, Gao X, Liu Z. Chem Commun, 2014, 50: 2330–2333\nYu B, Yang Z, Zhao Y, Hao L, Zhang H, Gao X, Han B, Liu Z. Chem Eur J, 2016, 22: 1097–1102\nToutov AA, Betz KN, Schuman DP, Liu WB, Fedorov A, Stoltz BM, Grubbs RH. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 139: 1668–1674\nYu B, Xie JN, Zhong CL, Li W, He LN. ACS Catal, 2015, 5: 3940–3944\nGoodreid JD, Duspara PA, Bosch C, Batey RA. J Org Chem, 2014, 79: 943–954\nLettan Ii RB, Scheidt KA. Org Lett, 2005, 7: 3227–3230\nSwamy KCK, Chandrasekhar V, Harland JJ, Holmes JM, Day RO, Holmes RR. J Am Chem Soc, 1990, 112: 2341–2348\nLiu WB, Schuman DP, Yang YF, Toutov AA, Liang Y, Klare HFT, Nesnas N, Oestreich M, Blackmond DG, Virgil SC, Banerjee S, Zare RN, Grubbs RH, Houk KN, Stoltz BM. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 139: 6867–6879\nBanerjee S, Yang YF, Jenkins ID, Liang Y, Toutov AA, Liu WB, Schuman DP, Grubbs RH, Stoltz BM, Krenske EH, Houk KN, Zare RN. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 139: 6880–6887\nMcDonald IM, Mate RA, Zusi FC, Huang H, Post-Munson DJ, Ferrante MA, Gallagher L, Bertekap Jr RL, Knox RJ, Robertson BJ, Harden DG, Morgan DG, Lodge NJ, Dworetzky SI, Olson RE, Macor JE. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2013, 23: 1684–1688\nEibl C, Munoz L, Tomassoli I, Stokes C, Papke RL, Gündisch D. Bioorg Med Chem, 2013, 21: 7309–7329\nHwang J, Choi J, Park K, Kim W, Song KH, Lee S. Eur J Org Chem, 2015, 2015: 2235–2243",{"VOID":936},"10.1007\u002Fs11426-017-9163-2","2024-09-04T20:16:03.848+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11426-017-9163-2",[940,955,968,981,994,1007,1020],{"id":941,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":942,"affiliations":943,"properties":952,"displayName":954,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"bba361ca-0763-49c0-9b9a-4cceea5f8d7e",[211],[944],{"id":945,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":946,"properties":20},"1ab7a11a-2405-4da2-88ab-c3ebb5824081",{"id":945,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":947,"slug":20,"properties":948,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":951,"statistic":20},[],{"title":949},{"VI":950},"Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 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highly conjugated network of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) on the one hand promotes light-harvesting, but on the other hand, also results in high carrier recombination which eventually limits their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rates. Thus, strategies to favorably tune the electronic configuration of CTFs for efficient photocatalytic HERs need to be developed, but still remain challenging. Herein, a simple in-situ defect strategy involving element doping is developed for the first time to introduce a heteroatom including S and Se into CTF-1 via the condensation of aldehydes with the mixture of the terephthalimidamide and the S- or Se-substituted terephthalimidamide under mild conditions. The doping content (X) is varied, resulting in a series of S- and Se-doped CTFs, named CTFS-1-X and CTFSe-1-X, respectively. Interestingly, for the S-doped CTFs, CTFS-1-10 shows the most excellent HER rate (4,992.3 µmol g−1 h−1) from water splitting, while for the Se-doped ones, CTFSe-1-10 exhibits a photocatalytic HER rate of 5,792.8 µmol g−1 h−1, both of which far surpass undoped CTFs (693.3 µmol g−1 h−1). In-depth studies indicate that the introduction of S or Se atoms into CTFs could extend the light absorption and promote photo-generated electron-hole pairs migration. Meanwhile, S- or Se-doping could create heterogeneous electronic configuration in CTFs, which can help to suppress carrier recombination.\n\n                \n                  \n                \n              ",{"EN":1089},"In-situ doping strategy for improving the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of covalent triazine 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The mixture loaded with curing agent was a single-phase system in the early stage of curing. When the cure reaction proceeded, phase separation took place via the spinodal decomposition induced by polymerization of epoxy resin. This was supported by the characteristic change of light scattering profile with curing time. Cure reaction plays an important role in the progress of phase separation. The bigger the cure reaction rate is, the longer periodic distance will be. The overall two-phase structure was basically locked in when the conversion approached 80% estimated by DSC, and finally the co-continuous two-phase structure was successfully obtained.",{"EN":1346},"Reaction-induced phase separation in rubber-modified epoxy resin",{"VOID":1348},"[\"6649706731080599249\"]",{"VOID":1350},"Inoue, T., Reaction-induced phase decomposition in polymer blends,Prog. Polym. Sci., 1995, 20: 119.\nOkada, M., Fujimoto, K., Nose, T., Phase separation induced by polymerization of 2-chlorostyrene in a polystyrene\u002F dibutyl phthalate mixture,Macromolecules, 1995, 28(6): 1795.\nPark, J. W., Kim. S. C., Phase separation during curing of PEI modified epoxy resin, inKorea-China Joint Polymer Symposium, Polymer Society of Korea, Polymer Division, Chinese Chemical Society, Seoul, 1995, 36–37.\nYamanaka, K., Inoue, T., Structure development in epoxy resin modified with poly( ether sulphone),Polymer, 1989, 30: 662.\nYamanaka, K., Takagi, Y., Inoue, T., Reaction-induced phase separation in rubber-modified epoxy resins,Polymer, 1989, 60: 1839.\nYamanaka, K., Inoue, T., Phase separation mechanism of rubber-modified epoxy,J. Mater. Sci., 1990, 25: 241.\nKim, B. S., Chiba, T., Inoue, T., A new time-temperature-transformation cure diagram for thermoset\u002Fthermoplastic blend: tetrafunctional epoxy\u002Fpoly(ether sulfone),Polymer, 1993, 34(13): 2809.\nKim, B. S., Chiba, T., Inoue, T., Morphology development via reaction-induced phase separation in epoxy\u002Fpoly(ether sulfóne) blends: morphology control using ply (ether sulfone) with functional end-groups,Polymer, 1995, 36(1): 43.\nKim, B. S., Chiba, T., Inoue. T., Phase separation and apparent phase dissolution during cure process of thexmoset\u002Fthermoplastic blend,Polymer, 1995, 36(1): 67.\nCahn, J. W., Phase separation by spinodal decomposition in isotropic systems,J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42: 93.\nOugizawa, T., Inoue. T., Mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)-poly(acrylonitrile-cobutadiene) blends with modulated structure,J. Mater. Sci., 1988, 23: 718.\nTabar. R. J., Stein, R. S., Long, M. B., A two-dimensional position-sensitive detector for small-angle light scattering,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1982, 20: 2041\nHashimoto, T., Kumaki, J., Kawai, H., Time-resolved light scattering studies on Kinetics of phase separation and phase dissolution of polymer blends ( 1 ): Kinetics of phase separation of a binary mixture of polystyrene and poly ( vinyl methyl ether),Macromolecules, 1983, 16(4): 641.\nCumming, A., Wiltzius, P., Bates, F. S.et al., Light-scattering experiments on phase-separation dynamics in binary fluid mixtures,Phys. Rev., A, 1992, 45(2): 885.\nEdel, V., Early and late stage phase separation dynamics of polystyrene\u002Fpoly(methyl methacrylate-stat-cyclohexyl methacrylate) blends,Macromolecules, 1995, 28(18):6219.\nZhang, J., Yan, D., Zhou, H.et al., Time-resolved laser light scattering system,Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities (in Chinese), 1996, 17(5): 800.\nStein, R. S., Keane, J. J., The scattering of light from thin polymer films (I): Experimental procedure,J. Polym. Sci., 1955, 17:21.\nFava, R. A., Differential scanning calorimetry of epoxy resins,Polymer, 1968, 9: 137\nFurukawa, H., Long-range K-d correlation among droplets in quenched systems in d dimensions,Phys. Rev., 1986, B33 (1): 638.\nGunton, J. D., Miguel, M. S., Sahni, P. S., The dynamics of first order transitions, inPhase Transitions of Critical Phenomena (eds. Domb, C., Lebowitz, J. 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on the QM\u002FMM optimized X-ray crystal structure of the photosynthetic reaction center (PRC) of purple bacteriaRhodopseudomonas (Rps.)viridis, quantum chemistry density functional method (DFT, B3LYP\u002F6-31G) has been performed to study the interactions between the pigment molecules and either the surrounded amino acid residues or water molecules that are either axially coordinated or hydrogen bonded with the pigment molecules, leading to an explanation of the mechanism of the primary electron-transfer (ET) reactions in the PRC. Results show that the axial coordination of amino acid residues greatly raises theE\n                LUMO of pigment molecules and it is important for the possibility of ET to take place. Different hydrogen bonds between amino acid residues, water molecules and pigment molecules decrease theE\n                LUMO of the pigment molecules to different extents. It is crucial for the ET taking place from excited P along L branch and sustains that the ET is a one-step reaction without through accessory bacteriochlorophyll (ABChl b). It is insufficient to treat the whole protein surrounding as a homogeneous dielectric medium.",{"EN":1494},"Theoretical studies on the influence of molecular interactions on the mechanism of electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction center ofRps. viridis",{"VOID":1496},"[\"13007215257596003253\"]",{"VOID":1498},"Deisenhofer, J., Epp, O., Miki, K. et al., Structure of the protein subunits in the photosynthetic reaction center ofRhodopseudomonas viridis at 0.3 nm resolution, Nature, 1985, 318: 618–624.\nThompson, M. A., Zerner, M. C., Fajer, J., A theoretical examination of the electron structure and excited states of the bacteriochlorophyll b dimer fromRhodopseudomonas viridis, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95: 5693–5700.\nKomiya, H., Yeates, T. O., Rees, D. C. et al., Structure of the reaction center fromRhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 and 2.4.1: Symmetry relations and sequence comparisons between different species, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1988, 85: 9012–9016.\nWoodbury, N. W. T., Beker, M., Middendorf, D. et al., Picosecond kinetics of the initial photochemical electron transfer reaction in bacterial phtotosynthetic reaction centers, Biochemistry, 1985, 24: 7516–7521.\nDu, M., Rosenthal, S. J., Xie, X. et al., Femtosecond spontaneous emission studies of reaction centers from photosynthetic bacteria, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1992, 89: 8517–8521.\nLauterwasser, C., Finkele, U., Scheer, H. et al., Temperature dependence of the primary electron tranfer in photosynthetic reaction centers fromRhodobacter sphaeroides, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 183: 471–477.\nAlbert, I., Leibl, W., Ewald, G. et al., Structural and functional consequences of a GluL212Lys mutation in the QB binding site of the photosynthetic reaction center ofRhodopseudomonas viridis, Biochemistry, 1994, 33: 11355–11363.\nBlomberg, M. R. A., Siegbahn, P. E. M., Babcock, G. T., Modeling electron transfer in biochemistry: A quantum chemical study of charge separation inRhodobacter sphaeriodes and photosystem II, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120: 8812–8824.\nScherer, P. O. J., Scharnagl, C., Fischer, S. F., Symmetry breakage in the electronic structure of bacterial reaction centers, Chem. Phys., 1995, 197: 333–341.\nThomopson, M. A., Schenter, G. K., Excited states of the bacteriochorophyll b dimer ofRhodopseudomonas viridis: A QM\u002FMM study of the photosynthetic reaction center that includes MM polarization, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99: 6374–6386.\nKarplus, M., Aspects of protein reaction dynamics: Deviations from simple behavior, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000, 104(1): 11–27.\nHutter, M. C., Hughes, J. M., Reimers, J. R. et al., Modeling the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center, 2. A combined quantum mechanical\u002Fmolecular mechanical study of the structure of the cofactors in the reaction centers of purple bacteria, J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103: 4906–4915.\nWong, M. W., Frisch, J. M., Wiberg, K. B., Solvent effects, 1. The mediation of electrostatic effects by solvents, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113: 4776–4782.\nHughes, J. M., Hutter, M. C., Reimers, J. R. et al., Modeling the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center, 4. The structure electrochemical, and hydrogen-bonding properties of 22 mutant ofRhodobacter sphaeroides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123: 8550–8563.\nZhang, X. D., Ma, S. H., Wang, Y. N. et al., Theoretical studies on mechanism of primary electronic transfer in the photo-synthetic reaction center ofRhodopseuodomonas virid, J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chemistry, 2000, 131: 85–94.\nFrisch, M. J., Headgorden, M., Gaussian 98 (Version A.5), Pittsberg, PA: Gaussian Inc., 1999.\nZhang, X. D., Zhang, C. X., Ma, S. H. et al., Theoretical study on the mechanism of primary electron transfer in the photosynthetic reaction center, Acta Chimica Sinica (in Chinese), 2001, 59: 456–465.\nFajer, J., Borg, D. C., Forman, A. et al., The cation radicals of free base and zinc bacteriochlorin, bacteriochlophyll, and bacteriopheophytin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1974, 71: 994–998.\nOkamura, M. Y., Feher, G., Proton transfer in reaction centers from photosynthetic bacteria, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1992, 61: 861–896.",{"VOID":1500},"10.1007\u002FBF03182529","2024-06-25T01:07:59.066+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF03182529",[1504,1519,1534,1547,1560],{"id":1505,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1506,"affiliations":1507,"properties":1516,"displayName":1518,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"59b932df-45d1-4f72-af88-49d5f700798c",[211],[1508],{"id":1509,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1510,"properties":20},"590a0b71-4065-497b-8def-28f012b1744c",{"id":1509,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1511,"slug":20,"properties":1512,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1515,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1513},{"VI":1514},"State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China",[],{"title":1517},{"VI":1518},"Hong Xu",{"id":1520,"sortIndex":155,"researcher":20,"roles":1521,"affiliations":1522,"properties":1529,"displayName":1531,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"0f040718-3074-4a87-86ed-ec6baa89e2e9",[211],[1523],{"id":1509,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1524,"properties":20},{"id":1509,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1525,"slug":20,"properties":1526,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1528,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1527},{"VI":1514},[],{"title":1530,"gsAuthor":1532},{"VI":1531},"Rubo 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ultraviolet (2DUV) spectroscopy is a novel technology for probing molecular structure. We have developed a generalized quantum mechanics\u002Fmolecular mechanics (QM\u002FMM) approach to simulate the electronic transitions of protein backbones and aromatic amino acids in aqueous solution. These transitions, which occur in the ultraviolet (UV) region, provide a sensitive probe of molecular structure. The features of 2DUV spectra are accurately characterized and enable us to trace small variations in the structure and dynamics as well as evolution propensity with high accuracy. Various structures and dynamic phenomena are investigated to construct a systematic framework for 2DUV simulation mechanisms, so as to explore further applications of this technique. In this feature article, we summarize the theory and applications of 2DUV spectroscopy we have engaged in recently, present the important roles of 2DUV spectroscopy, and outline directions for future development. We hope this article can offer a platform for more scientists in different research fields to gain a clear overview of 2DUVand further attract more people to explore this promising field.",{"EN":1631},"Two-dimensional ultraviolet spectroscopy of proteins",{"VOID":1633},"[\"8863084687260039540\"]",{"VOID":1635},"Fersht A. Structure and Mechanism in Protein Science: A Guide to Enzyme Catalysis and Protein Folding. New York: World Scientific, 2017\nWhitford D. Proteins: Structure and Function. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2013. 325–326\nCreighton TE. Proteins: Structures and Molecular Properties. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1993\nMarsh JA, Teichmann SA. Annu Rev Biochem, 2015, 84: 551–575\nPeters BH, Staels L, Rantanen J, Molnár F, De Beer T, Lehto VP, Ketolainen J. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2016, 95: 72–81\nAdachi H, Takano K, Yoshimura M, Mori Y, Sasaki T. Jpn J Appl Phys, 2002, 41: L1025–L1027\nHeise H. Chembiochem, 2008, 9: 179–189\nWüthrich K. Europhysics News, 1986, 17: 11–13\nRambaran RN, Serpell LC. Prion, 2008, 2: 112–117\nKrimm S, Bandekar J. Adv Protein Chem, 1986, 38: 181–364\nPelton JT, McLean LR. Anal Biochem, 2000, 277: 167–176\nBulheller BM, Rodger A, Hirst JD. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2007, 9: 2020–2035\nNordén B. Circular Dichroism and Linear Dichroism. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997\nWoody RW. Theory of circular dichroism of proteins. In: Fasman GDEd. Circular Dichroism and the Conformational Analysis of Biomolecules. New York: Plenum Press, 1996. 25–67\nNoda I, Ozaki Y. Two-dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy: Applications in Vibrational and Optical Spectroscopy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005\nLi Q, Giussani A, Segarra-Martí J, Nenov A, Rivalta I, Voityuk AA, Mukamel S, Roca-Sanjuán D, Garavelli M, Blancafort L. Chem Eur J, 2016, 22: 7497–7507\nNoda I. Appl Spectrosc, 1990, 44: 550–561\nKim YS, Hochstrasser RM. J Phys Chem B, 2009, 113: 8231–8251\nMarion D, Ikura M, Tschudin R, Bax A. 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Nature, 2006, 443: 774–779\nFowler DM, Koulov AV, Balch WE, Kelly JW. Trends Biochem Sci, 2007, 32: 217–224\nLee H, Cheng YC, Fleming GR. Science, 2007, 316: 1462–1465\nArndt M, Juffmann T, Vedral V. HFSP J, 2009, 3: 386–400\nSchrödinger E. What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. Cambridge: University Press, 1946\nJiang J, Abramavicius D, Bulheller BM, Hirst JD, Mukamel S. J Phys Chem B, 2010, 114: 8270–8277\nCallis PR. Method Enzymol, 1997, 278: 113–150\nReed J, Kinzel V. Biochemistry, 2002, 23: 1357–1362\nJiang J, Golchert KJ, Kingsley CN, Brubaker WD, Martin RW, Mukamel S. J Phys Chem B, 2013, 117: 14294–14301\nAbramavicius D, Palmieri B, Mukamel S. Chem Phys, 2009, 357: 79–84\nAbramavicius D, Jiang J, Bulheller BM, Hirst JD, Mukamel S. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 7769–7775\nJiang J, Abramavicius D, Falvo C, Bulheller BM, Hirst JD, Mukamel S. J Phys Chem B, 2010, 114: 12150–12156\nJiang J, Mukamel S. J Phys Chem B, 2011, 115: 6321–6328\nJiang J, Lai Z, Wang J, Mukamel S. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5: 1341–1346\nKuhlman B, Baker D. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97: 10383–10388\nJiang J, Mukamel S. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2010, 49: 9666–9669\nLi J, Deng M, Voronine DV, Mukamel S, Jiang J. 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this paper, a series of peptide-siRNA conjugates with phosphodiester unit as the linker targeting to Cdc2 gene were synthesized by solid phase stepwise strategy. The conjugation of peptides at either 3′-terminus of siCdc2 bring no change to the classical A-form of RNA duplex, but slightly compromise the thermodynamic stability. Peptide conjugation at the 3′-terminus of sense strand could improve the serum stability obviously, however, the opposite peptide conjugation at the 3′-terminus of antisense strand shows no such influence. According to the results of artificial silencing activity assay system, peptide conjugation at 3′-terminus of antisense strand slightly weakens the silencing activity of siCdc2. But sense strand peptide conjugation exhibits similar silencing activity as native siCdc2, meanwhile, it could mitigate the unwanted off-target effect of sense strand targeting to its own mRNA.",{"EN":1752},"Synthesis and biological evaluation of peptide-siRNA conjugates with phosphodiester unit as linker",{"VOID":1754},"[\"9345616433254482273\"]",{"VOID":1756},"de Fougerolles A, Vornlocher HP, Maraganore J, Lieberman J. 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Inhibition of nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF-κB by a synthetic peptide containing a cell membrane-permeable motif and nuclear localization sequence. J Biol Chem, 1995, 270(24): 14255–14258\nLiu Y, Wang XF, Chen Y, Zhang LH, Yang ZJ. A solid-phase method for peptide-siRNA covalent conjugates based on click chemistry. MedChemComm, 2012, 3(4): 506\nChen CP, Zhang LR, Peng YF, Wang XB, Wang SQ, Zhang LH. A concise method for the preparation of peptide and arginine-rich peptide-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide. Bioconjugate Chem, 2003, 14(3): 532–538\nDu Q, Thonberg H, Zhang HY, Wahlestedt C, Liang Z. Validating siRNA using a reporter made from synthetic DNA oligonucleotides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2004, 325(1): 243–249\nVenkatesan N, Kim BH. Peptide conjugates of oligonucleotides synthesis and applications. Chem Rev, 2006, 106: 3712–3761\nEndoh T, Ohtsuki T. Cellular siRNA delivery using cell-penetrating peptides modified for endosomal escape. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2009, 61(9): 704–709\nAvino A, Ocampo SM, Caminal C, Perales JC, Eritja R. Stepwise synthesis of RNA conjugates carrying peptide sequences for RNA interference studies. Mol Divers, 2009, 13(3): 287–293\nHoerter JA, Walter NG. Chemical modification resolves the asymmetry of siRNA strand degradation in human blood serum. RNA, 2007, 13(11): 1887–1893\nClark PR, Pober JS, Kluger MS. Knockdown of TNFR1 by the sense strand of an ICAM-1 siRNA: Dissection of an off-target effect. 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