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It explores the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental implications of the isotope palaeoecology of archaeological shells at the time of human occupation of the cave. Modern shells from around the cave were also analysed and their isotopic signatures compared with those of the archaeological shells. The carbon isotope composition of modern shells depicts the consumption of C3 vegetation. Shell oxygen isotopic values are consistent with other Mediterranean snail shells from coastal areas. Combining empirical linear regression and an evaporative model, the δ18Os suggest that modern snails in the study area are active during periods of higher relative humidity and lower rainfall δ18O, probably at night. Late glacial and early Holocene δ18Os show lower values compared to modern ones. Early Holocene δ18Os values likely track enhanced moisture and isotopic changes in the precipitation source. By contrast, lower late glacial δ18O could reflect lower temperatures and δ18Op, compared to the present day. Shell carbon isotope values indicate the presence of C3 vegetation as main source of carbon to late glacial and early Holocene snails.",{"EN":108,"VI":109},"Deciphering late Quaternary land snail shell δ18O and δ13C from Franchthi Cave (Argolid, Greece)","Giải mã δ18O và δ13C trong vỏ ốc sên trên cạn thời kỳ Đệ Tứ muộn từ hang Franchthi (Argolid, Hy Lạp)",{"EN":111,"VI":112},"Late Pleistocene–Holocene,Greece,Franchthi Cave,Land snail shells,Oxygen and carbon isotope composition","pleistocen muộn–holocen, hy lạp, hang franchthi, vỏ ốc sên trên cạn, thành phần đồng vị oxy và carbon",{"VOID":114},"10.1016\u002Fj.yqres.2013.03.006","PUBLICATION","2025-01-18T04:50:28.273+00:00","Author affiliation is 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krypton and xenon have different solubilities in water, meaning their ratios in water are different from those in atmospheric air. This characteristic is used in a novel method to distinguish between ice bodies which originate from the compaction of snow (i.e. buried snow banks, glacial ice) vs. ice which forms from the freezing of groundwater (i.e. pingo ice). Ice which forms from the compaction of snow has gas ratios similar to atmospheric air, while ice which forms from the freezing of liquid water is expected to have gas ratios similar to air-equilibrated water. This analysis has been conducted using a spike dilution noble gas line with gas extraction conducted on-line. Samples were mixed with an aliquot of rare noble gases while being melted, then extracted gases are purified and cryogenically separated. Samples have been analysed from glacial ice, buried snow bank ice, intrusive ice, wedge ice, cave ice and two unknown ice bodies. Ice bodies which have formed from different processes have different gas ratios relative to their formation processes.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":244},"Using noble gas ratios to determine the origin of ground ice",{"VOID":246},"[\"15252530097601368531\"]",{"VOID":248},"Schwander, 1989, The transformation of snow to ice and the occlusion of gases, 53\n10.1002\u002Fppp.712\n10.1016\u002Fj.epsl.2006.01.032\n10.1016\u002Fj.quascirev.2010.02.015\nNorris, 1974, Geology Fort McPherson (1520A)\nNorris, 1985, Geology Of The Northern Yukon And Northwestern District Of Mackenzie (1581a)\nLewkowicz, 1987, Nature and importance of thermokarst processes, Sandhills moraine, Banks Island, Canada, Geografiska Annaler, 67A, 1077\nFrench, 1996, The Periglacial Environment\nClever, 1979, IUPAC Solubilities: Krypton, Xenon, Radon\n10.1016\u002FS0016-7037(02)00965-1\nKipfer, 2002, Noble gases in lakes and groundwaters, 642\nRampton, 1982, Quaternary geology of the Yukon Coastal Plain Geological Survey of Canada\n10.1144\u002FSP320.5\n10.1016\u002Fj.epsl.2005.12.036\n10.1029\u002FGL015i008p00796\n10.1126\u002Fscience.1157525\n10.1139\u002Fe88-174\n10.1021\u002Fje60076a014\n10.1073\u002Fpnas.0507601102\nNRCan, 2003, The Atlas of Canada: Permafrost, Natural Resources Canada, Government of Canada\n10.1139\u002Fe92-099\n10.1016\u002Fj.epsl.2011.03.023\n10.3402\u002Ftellusb.v43i2.15249\n10.1016\u002F0277-3791(88)90091-1\n10.1016\u002FS0016-7037(98)00268-3\n10.1029\u002F2000JD900707\n10.7202\u002F005696ar\n10.1016\u002Fj.yqres.2007.05.002\n10.1016\u002Fj.yqres.2013.06.001\n10.1029\u002F2006JD007471\n10.1139\u002Fe17-075\n10.1017\u002FS0022143000011771\n10.1139\u002Fe71-043\n10.1073\u002Fpnas.0400522101\nHeadly, 2005, Using Kr\u002FAr and Xe\u002FAr ratios to identify melt layers in ice cores, American Geophysical Union: Fall Meeting 2005\n10.1017\u002FS0022143000006407\nAndrews, 1992, Mechanisms for noble gas dissolution by groundwaters, Isotopes of Noble Gases as Tracers in Environmental Studies, 87\n10.1016\u002Fj.yqres.2007.05.003\nPaterson, 1994, The Physics of Glaciers 3rd Edition\n10.1111\u002Fj.1541-0064.1990.tb01092.x\nWeiss, 1970, The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and seawater, Deep-Sea Research, 17, 721\nDuk-Rodkin, 1999, Glacial limits map of Yukon Territory (Open File 3694)\n10.1016\u002Fj.epsl.2009.10.034\nSchumskii, 1964, Principles of Structural Glaciology\n10.1139\u002FE10-012\n10.1177\u002F095968369500500103\nDuk-Rodkin, 1992, Fort McPherson — Bell River Surficial Geology Map 1742A\n10.1126\u002Fscience.242.4886.1675\n10.1126\u002Fscience.279.5351.692\n10.1126\u002Fscience.133.3467.1833\nEnvironment Canada, 2010, National Climate Data and Information Archive\n10.4095\u002F102354\n10.3189\u002F002214308786570764\nKaplyanskaya, 1986, Remnants of the Pleistocene ice sheets in the permafrost zone as an object for paleoglaciological research, Polar Geography and Geology, 10, 65\nGrew, 1952, Thermal Diffusion Of Gases\n10.1016\u002FS0883-2927(97)00043-7\nLacelle, 2009, Burial and preservation of a 30,000 year old perennial snowbank in Red Creek valley, Ogilvie Mountains, central Yukon, Canada, Quaternary Research Reviews, 28, 3401\n10.14430\u002Farctic1720\n10.1016\u002Fj.quascirev.2004.06.008\n10.1002\u002Fppp.680\nKlassen, 1987, Bylot Island, Eastern Canada Arctic XII INQUA Congress Field Excursion A.I. Guidebook\nMackay, 1966, Segregated epigenetic ice and slumps in permafrost, Mackenzie Delta area, N.W.T., Geographical Bulletin, 8, 59\n10.3189\u002F2015JoG14J237",{"VOID":250},"10.1016\u002Fj.yqres.2015.12.003","VERIFIED","2024-05-16T23:28:17.837+00:00","Auto Verify","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0033589415001209",[256,282,297,313],{"id":257,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":258,"affiliations":259,"properties":277,"displayName":279,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"2f83e977-2cf1-49b9-b466-fbc5bf21db28",[125],[260,268],{"id":261,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":262,"properties":18},"d5cb3420-4330-4555-8cb6-e92887520988",{"id":261,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":263,"slug":18,"properties":264,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":267,"statistic":18},[],{"title":265},{"VI":266},"Department of Earth Science, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON K2N 1N5, Canada",[],{"id":269,"sortIndex":270,"affiliation":271,"properties":18},"a4bea3aa-8bb8-440d-ba60-b2f52e0e0546",1,{"id":269,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":272,"slug":18,"properties":273,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":276,"statistic":18},[],{"title":274},{"VI":275},"Faculty of Science, Concordia University of Edmonton, 7128 Ada Boulevard, Edmonton AB T5B 4E4, Canada",[],{"title":278,"gsAuthor":280},{"VI":279},"Nicholas 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records of Jefferson's ground sloth (\u003Cjats:italic>Megalonyx jeffersonii\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>) and elk-moose (\u003Cjats:italic>Cervalces scotti\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>) from Lang Farm provide the first precise temporal correlation of these taxa with the specific environments inhabited by them near the time of their extinction. Six AMS \u003Cjats:sup>14\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>C measurements establish an age of 11,405 ± 50 \u003Cjats:sup>14\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>C yr B.P. for Lang Farm \u003Cjats:italic>Cervalces\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> and an age of 11,430 ± 60 or 11,485 ± 40 \u003Cjats:sup>14\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>C yr B.P. for the \u003Cjats:italic>Megalonyx\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. These measurements represent the youngest \u003Cjats:sup>14\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>C dates for these two genera based on direct dating. Comparison of the dates with pollen data from northern Illinois indicates that these species inhabited a nonanalog environment that was transitional from mid-latitude tundra to mixed conifer and deciduous woodland. Although spruce (\u003Cjats:italic>Picea\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> sp.) was dominant, it was less abundant than prior to 12,500 \u003Cjats:sup>14\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>C yr B.P. The presence of black ash (\u003Cjats:italic>Fraxinus nigra\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>) and fir (\u003Cjats:italic>Abies\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> sp.) indicates a wet climate and heavy winter precipitation. This may have been the preferred habitat for \u003Cjats:italic>Cervalces\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> because of its narrow geographic range. However, this habitat type was only one of many occupied by \u003Cjats:italic>Megalonyx\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> as indicated by its broad geographic distribution.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":397},"Latest Pleistocene paleoecology of Jefferson's ground sloth (\u003Ci>Megalonyx jeffersonii\u003C\u002Fi>) and elk-moose (\u003Ci>Cervalces scotti\u003C\u002Fi>) in northern Illinois",{"VOID":399},"1590862414248297717",{"VOID":401},"10.1016\u002Fj.yqres.2003.10.005","2024-04-24T18:30:13.343+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0033589403001662",[405,428,443,458,471],{"id":406,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":407,"affiliations":408,"properties":425,"displayName":427,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"e13378d4-7262-4fcd-bfa3-3699299b7d7b",[125],[409,417],{"id":410,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":411,"properties":18},"1c4fb885-0bbf-4c1e-b816-fc4114a13f0d",{"id":410,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":412,"slug":18,"properties":413,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":416,"statistic":18},[],{"title":414},{"VI":415},"Environmental Dynamics, 113 Ozark Hall, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA",[],{"id":418,"sortIndex":270,"affiliation":419,"properties":18},"78154437-04f8-415f-aef4-861df392cfbb",{"id":418,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":420,"slug":18,"properties":421,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":424,"statistic":18},[],{"title":422},{"VI":423},"Illinois State Museum, Research and Collections Center, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, USA",[],{"title":426},{"VI":427},"Blaine W. 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1983, Holocene changes in the vegetation of the Midwest, Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States, vol. 2, 142",{},{"id":549,"text":550,"url":551,"identifiers":552},"7aa93507-9d2c-4cca-a603-4daf533e8767","10.1016\u002F0305-4403(91)90078-4","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0305440391900784",{"doi":550},{"id":554,"text":555,"url":556,"identifiers":557},"4c68646b-0035-4279-8000-0006b275d4fa","Mangerud, 1974, Quaternary stratigraphy of Norden, a proposal for terminology and classification, Boreas, 4, 109","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":558},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":18,"text":560,"url":18,"identifiers":561},"Kitchener, 1987, Fighting behavior of the extinct Irish elk, Modern Geology, 11, 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11",{},{"id":554,"text":607,"url":556,"identifiers":608},"Thompson, 2000, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":610,"url":18,"identifiers":611},"Farlow, 1996, A spectacular specimen of the elk-moose Cervalces scotti from Noble County, Indiana, U.S.A, 322",{},{"id":554,"text":613,"url":556,"identifiers":614},"Driesch, 1976, A guide to the measurements of animal bones from archaeological sites, Peabody Museum Bulletin, vol. 1",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":616,"url":18,"identifiers":617},"10.1017\u002FS0033822200013904",{"doi":616},{"id":18,"text":619,"url":18,"identifiers":620},"10.2307\u002F2425872",{"doi":619},{"id":18,"text":622,"url":18,"identifiers":623},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1099-1417(199807\u002F08)13:4\u003C283::AID-JQS386>3.0.CO;2-A",{"doi":624},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1099-1417(199807\u002F08)13:4\u003C283",{"id":18,"text":626,"url":18,"identifiers":627},"Shane, 1980, Detection of a 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Ohio, Ohio Journal of Science, 75, 147",{"doi":558},{"id":554,"text":632,"url":556,"identifiers":633},"Wilman, 1970, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois, Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin, vol. 94",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":635,"url":18,"identifiers":636},"1994, FAUNMAP—a database documenting late Quaternary distributions of mammal species in the United States, 1",{},{"id":554,"text":638,"url":556,"identifiers":639},"Williams, 2001, Dissimilarity analyses of late-Quaternary vegetation and climate in eastern North America, Ecology, 82, 3346",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":641,"url":18,"identifiers":642},"McDonald, 1977, Description of the osteology of the extinct gravigrade edentate, Megalonyx, with observations on its ontogeny, phylogeny and functional anatomy",{},{"id":18,"text":644,"url":18,"identifiers":645},"McDonald, 1983, A well-preserved ground sloth (Megalonyx) cranium from Turin, Monona County, Iowa, Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 90, 134",{},{"id":18,"text":647,"url":18,"identifiers":648},"Hill, 1989, Bone modification by modern spotted hyenas, 169",{},{"id":18,"text":650,"url":18,"identifiers":651},"Graham, 1983, Taphonomy and paleoecology of the Christensen Bog mastodon bone bed, Hancock County, Indiana, Illinois State Museum Reports of Investigations, vol. 38",{},{"id":18,"text":653,"url":18,"identifiers":654},"10.2307\u002F2425876",{"doi":653},{"id":18,"text":656,"url":18,"identifiers":657},"Hill, 1980, Early postmortem damage to the remains of some contemporary East African mammals, 131",{},{"id":554,"text":659,"url":556,"identifiers":660},"Dansgaard, 1971, Climatic record revealed by the Camp Century ice core, 37",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":662,"url":18,"identifiers":663},"Kurtén, 1980, Pleistocene Mammals of North America",{},{"id":18,"text":665,"url":18,"identifiers":666},"Stafford, 1998, Radiocarbon Chronostratigraphy, “Wilson-Leonard an 11,000-year Archeological Record of Hunter-Gatherers in Central Texas”. Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, 1039",{},{"id":554,"text":668,"url":556,"identifiers":669},"Jacobson, 1987, Patterns and rates of vegetation change during the deglaciation of eastern North America, The Geology of North America, vol. K-3, 277",{"doi":558},{"id":554,"text":671,"url":556,"identifiers":672},"Lydekker, 1898, The Deer of All Lands. A History of the Family Cervidae Living and Extinct",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":674,"url":18,"identifiers":675},"Shane, 1976, Late-glacial and postglacial palynology and chronology of Darke County, west-central Ohio",{},{"id":677,"createTime":678,"updateTime":679,"relativeEntities":680,"slug":681,"properties":682,"entityType":115,"verifyStatus":251,"verifyTime":691,"verifyNote":253,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":692,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":693,"publicationType":179,"publisherRelationship":709,"citationCount":759,"citationInfo":760,"publishDate":764,"publishYear":761,"citationAnalyzeStatus":384,"lastCitationAnalyze":765,"indexDatabases":766,"openAccess":18,"references":767,"isForceReanalyzing":233},"ebffeda8-473c-4d21-8061-c4a9b5bf4cfb","2024-02-06T07:36:39.663+00:00","2026-07-29T12:16:46.020+00:00",[],"A-Transfer-Function-for-Estimating-Paleoceanographic-Conditions-Based-on-Deep-Sea-Surface-Sediment-Distribution-of-Radiolarian-Assemblages-in-the-South-Atlantic",{"abstract":683,"title":685,"gsPaper":687,"doi":689},{"EN":684},"\u003Cjats:p>A quantitative analysis of radiolarian species in 57 deep-sea surface sediment samples from the South Atlantic Ocean produced four geographically distinct assemblages (tropical, polar, gyre margin, and subtropical). The distributions of these assemblages or factors coincide with present-day patterns of sea-surface temperatures or water masses.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>These four assemblages were used to construct a transfer function relating radiolarian distribution in the surface sediments to present-day winter and summer temperatures using standard regression techniques. As a test of the quality of this transfer function, temperatures were estimated on surface sediment samples from the eastern South Pacific. The temperatures produced by the transfer function compared favorably with the observed (present-day) winter and summer sea-surface temperatures at these sites.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":686},"A Transfer Function for Estimating Paleoceanographic Conditions Based on Deep-Sea Surface Sediment Distribution of Radiolarian Assemblages in the South Atlantic",{"VOID":688},"[\"9322434729866869082\"]",{"VOID":690},"10.1016\u002F0033-5894(79)90035-8","2024-05-06T03:06:18.324+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0033589479900358",[694],{"id":695,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":696,"affiliations":697,"properties":706,"displayName":708,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"7ac23405-e9eb-4069-b8a4-339d7f3162c2",[125],[698],{"id":699,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":700,"properties":18},"776ad9a1-19ef-4d1e-809f-5c27f5e99cda",{"id":699,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":701,"slug":18,"properties":702,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":705,"statistic":18},[],{"title":703},{"VI":704},"Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA",[],{"title":707},{"VI":708},"Joseph J. Morley",{"url":692,"publisher":710,"properties":754},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":711,"slug":10,"properties":712,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":715,"manageAffiliations":728,"indexDatabases":739,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":18,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":713,"title":714},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[716,720,724],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":717,"label":718,"description":719,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":721,"label":722,"description":723,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":725,"label":726,"description":727,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},[729,734],{"id":41,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":730,"slug":18,"properties":731,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":733,"statistic":18},[],{"title":732},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":735,"slug":18,"properties":736,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":738,"statistic":18},[],{"title":737},{"EN":52},[],[740,747],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":741,"url":69,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":746,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":58,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":742,"label":743,"description":744,"key":65,"publicationTags":745,"standard":18},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":63,"VI":64},[67,68],[71,72],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":748,"url":85,"indexYears":86,"academicFieldIds":753,"indexDatabaseRanking":91},{"id":76,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":749,"label":750,"description":751,"key":82,"publicationTags":752,"standard":18},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":79,"VI":81},[84],[88,89,90],{"pages":755,"volume":757},{"VOID":756},"381-395",{"VOID":758},"12",61,{"total":759,"publishYear":761,"statisticByYear":762},1979,{"1979":270,"1982":270,"1983":270,"1984":473,"1987":299,"1988":270,"1990":299,"1991":299,"1992":299,"1993":270,"1996":270,"1997":763,"1998":299,"1999":299,"2002":299,"2003":270,"2005":473,"2006":299,"2007":299,"2008":315,"2009":270,"2011":270,"2013":473,"2014":270,"2015":299,"2019":270,"2020":270},6,"1979-11-01","2026-07-29T12:16:46.017+00:00",[67,91],[768,771,774,779,784,787,792,797,800,803,806,809,814,817,820,825,828,833,836,839,842,845,848,851,854,857,860,863],{"id":554,"text":769,"url":556,"identifiers":770},"Molina-Cruz, 1976, Paleo-Oceanography of the Subtropical Southeastern Pacific during Late Quaternary: A Study of Radiolaria, Opal and Quartz Contents of Deep-Sea Sediments, M.S. thesis",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":772,"url":18,"identifiers":773},"Riedel, 1958, Radiolaria in Antarctic sediments, B.A.N.Z. Antarctic Research Expedition Reports, Series B, 6, 217",{},{"id":775,"text":776,"url":777,"identifiers":778},"1eb710e4-fed4-4d34-93b9-00150f42c265","10.2307\u002F1484872","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F1484872?origin=crossref",{"doi":776},{"id":780,"text":781,"url":782,"identifiers":783},"02b38a34-6186-4e7d-aebd-961534cc29bc","10.2307\u002F1485099","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F1485099?origin=crossref",{"doi":781},{"id":18,"text":785,"url":18,"identifiers":786},"Sverdrup, 1942, The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry and Biology",{},{"id":788,"text":789,"url":790,"identifiers":791},"dc481012-7adb-4172-b69f-7abad15ed46b","10.2307\u002F1484765","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F1484765?origin=crossref",{"doi":789},{"id":793,"text":794,"url":795,"identifiers":796},"57f184d3-5533-4c86-8b9e-ae541f1881a1","10.1016\u002F0033-5894(73)90054-9","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0033589473900549",{"doi":794},{"id":18,"text":798,"url":18,"identifiers":799},"Botnikov, 1964, Seasonal and long term fluctuations of the Antarctic Convergence Zone, Soviet Antarctic Expedition Information Bulletin, 45, 92",{},{"id":18,"text":801,"url":18,"identifiers":802},"Robertson, 1975, Glacial to Interglacial Oceanographic Changes in the Northwest Pacific, Including a Continuous Record of the Last 400,000 Years, Doctoral dissertation",{},{"id":18,"text":804,"url":18,"identifiers":805},"10.1130\u002FMEM145-p303",{"doi":804},{"id":18,"text":807,"url":18,"identifiers":808},"Morley, 1977, Upper Pleistocene Climatic Variations in the South Atlantic Derived from a Quantitative Radiolarian Analysis: Accent on the Last 18,000 Years, Doctoral dissertation",{},{"id":810,"text":811,"url":812,"identifiers":813},"7f9e5727-e16d-46c4-a470-5d62642b94d5","10.1016\u002F0033-5894(73)90051-3","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0033589473900513",{"doi":811},{"id":18,"text":815,"url":18,"identifiers":816},"Nigrini, 1971, Radiolarian zones in the Quaternary of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, The Micropaleontology of Oceans, 443",{},{"id":554,"text":818,"url":556,"identifiers":819},"Ling, 1967, Some Spumellarian Radiolaria from the Java, Philippine and Mariana Trenches, Journal of Paleontology, 41, 1481",{"doi":558},{"id":821,"text":822,"url":823,"identifiers":824},"4295066d-ef0f-4ad3-aee8-b550b50ec829","10.2307\u002F1485311","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F1485311?origin=crossref",{"doi":822},{"id":18,"text":826,"url":18,"identifiers":827},"Imbrie, 1971, A new micropaleontological method for quantitative paleoclimatology: Application to a late Pleistocene Caribbean core, The Late Cenozoic Glacial Ages, 71",{},{"id":829,"text":830,"url":831,"identifiers":832},"89b29458-9b1a-4ed6-b416-77bf72b49b1a","10.1016\u002F0033-5894(73)90055-0","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0033589473900550",{"doi":830},{"id":554,"text":834,"url":556,"identifiers":835},"Nigrini, 1967, Radiolaria in pelagic sediments from the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, Bulletin of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 11, 1",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":837,"url":18,"identifiers":838},"Lozano, 1974, Antarctic Sedimentary, Faunal and Sea-Surface Temperature Responses during the Last 230,000 Years with Emphasis on Comparison between 18,000 Years Ago and Today, Doctoral dissertation",{},{"id":18,"text":840,"url":18,"identifiers":841},"10.1029\u002FAR015p0205",{"doi":840},{"id":554,"text":843,"url":556,"identifiers":844},"Moore, 1973, Method of randomly distributing grains for microscopic examination, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 43, 904",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":846,"url":18,"identifiers":847},"Defant, 1961, Physical Oceanography, Vol. 1",{},{"id":18,"text":849,"url":18,"identifiers":850},"Petrushevskaya, 1967, Radiolarians of orders Spumellaria and Nassellaria of the Antarctic region (from material of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition), Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955–1958), 2",{},{"id":18,"text":852,"url":18,"identifiers":853},"Benson, 1966, Recent Radiolaria from the Gulf of California, Doctoral dissertation",{},{"id":18,"text":855,"url":18,"identifiers":856},"Broecker, 1974, Chemical Oceanography",{},{"id":18,"text":858,"url":18,"identifiers":859},"Sachs, 1973c, Quantitative Radiolarian-Based Paleoceanography in Late Pleistocene Subarctic Pacific Sediments, Doctoral dissertation",{},{"id":18,"text":861,"url":18,"identifiers":862},"Haeckel, 1887, Report of the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876, Report, Voyage “Challenger” on Zoology, 18, 1",{},{"id":18,"text":864,"url":18,"identifiers":865},"10.1130\u002FMEM145-p3",{"doi":864},{"id":867,"createTime":868,"updateTime":869,"relativeEntities":870,"slug":871,"properties":872,"entityType":115,"verifyStatus":251,"verifyTime":881,"verifyNote":253,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":882,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":883,"publicationType":179,"publisherRelationship":901,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":951,"publishDate":954,"publishYear":952,"citationAnalyzeStatus":955,"lastCitationAnalyze":956,"indexDatabases":957,"openAccess":18,"references":958,"isForceReanalyzing":233},"8f9971f4-de56-4052-8043-42aaa4342952","2023-11-24T20:32:09.981+00:00","2026-07-26T20:00:45.491+00:00",[],"High-Resolution-Modeling-of-the-Advance-of-the-Younger-Dryas-Ice-Sheet-and-Its-Climate-in-Scotland",{"abstract":873,"title":875,"gsPaper":877,"doi":879},{"EN":874},"\u003Cjats:p>Ice-sheet modeling tightly constrained by empirical studies provides an effective framework to reconstruct past climatic and environmental conditions. Scotland was severely affected by the abrupt climate change associated with the Younger Dryas Stade, during which an extensive ice sheet formed across the west highlands after a period of ice-free conditions. Here, a quasi-three-dimensional, time-dependent ice flow\u002Fmass-balance model is developed and applied to Scotland at 1 km resolution. The flow model is based on the driving stress approximation with an additional longitudinal correction term, essential at this scale of operation. Surface mass balance is driven by temperature and precipitation changes and further mass wastage is achieved through an empirically defined calving term. The ice dynamics and mass-balance components are coupled through the equation for mass continuity, which is integrated through time over a finite-difference grid which yields the geometric evolution of the ice sheet. Initial experiments reveal the model to be relatively insensitive to internal parameters but highly sensitive to mass balance. Furthermore, these experiments indicate that Scotland is readily susceptible to glaciation with large glaciers building up on the flanks of Ben Nevis after a temperature depression of 2.5°C, under present-day precipitation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>The Younger Dryas is modeled using a GRIP temperature series locally adjusted for amplitude and a systematic series of runs enables the isolation of the climate which best matches mapped ice limits. This “optimum-fit” configuration requires an annual temperature cooling of 8°C and the introduction of substantial west–east and south–north precipitation gradients of 40 and 50%, respectively, to the present-day regime. Under these conditions, a series of substantial independent regional ice centers develop in agreement with trimline studies and after 550 year the modeled ice sheet closely resembles the maximum limits as indicated by field mapping. However, modeled ice continues to expand beyond 550 yr, in conflict with the mapped ice limits which suggest a prolonged period of stability. This discrepancy may be explained by the onset of extreme aridity ca. 400 yr into the Stade associated with a southern migration of the Polar Front, leading to a reduction in atmospheric circulation which effectively starved the ice sheet of its moisture source, preventing further expansion. Introduction of an additional 20% reduction in precipitation to the “optimum-fit” regime after 350 yr brings the modeled ice sheet to equilibrium, substantiating this conclusion.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":876},"High-Resolution Modeling of the Advance of the Younger Dryas Ice Sheet and Its Climate in Scotland",{"VOID":878},"[\"2163490479191964629\"]",{"VOID":880},"10.1006\u002Fqres.1999.2055","2024-05-01T06:03:23.409+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0033589499920550",[884],{"id":885,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":886,"affiliations":887,"properties":896,"displayName":898,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"439c190b-52c4-4a78-8386-0f30597b2830",[125],[888],{"id":889,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":890,"properties":18},"10ef8b6f-2172-4fab-bb48-0ddb9a3f8677",{"id":889,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":891,"slug":18,"properties":892,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":895,"statistic":18},[],{"title":893},{"VI":894},"Earth and Ocean Sciences, 2219 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada",[],{"title":897,"gsAuthor":899},{"VI":898},"Alun Hubbard",{"VOID":900},"[\"BjF2z_wAAAAJ\"]",{"url":882,"publisher":902,"properties":946},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":903,"slug":10,"properties":904,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":907,"manageAffiliations":920,"indexDatabases":931,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":18,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":905,"title":906},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[908,912,916],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":909,"label":910,"description":911,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":913,"label":914,"description":915,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":917,"label":918,"description":919,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},[921,926],{"id":41,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":922,"slug":18,"properties":923,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":925,"statistic":18},[],{"title":924},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":927,"slug":18,"properties":928,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":930,"statistic":18},[],{"title":929},{"EN":52},[],[932,939],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":933,"url":69,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":938,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":58,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":934,"label":935,"description":936,"key":65,"publicationTags":937,"standard":18},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":63,"VI":64},[67,68],[71,72],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":940,"url":85,"indexYears":86,"academicFieldIds":945,"indexDatabaseRanking":91},{"id":76,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":941,"label":942,"description":943,"key":82,"publicationTags":944,"standard":18},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":79,"VI":81},[84],[88,89,90],{"pages":947,"volume":949},{"VOID":948},"27-43",{"VOID":950},"52",{"total":19,"publishYear":952,"statisticByYear":953},1999,{},"1999-07-01","DONE_ANALYZE_CITATION","2026-07-26T20:00:45.490+00:00",[67,91],[959,962,965,968,971,974,977,980,983,986,989,992,995,998,1001,1004,1007,1010,1013,1018,1020,1023,1026,1029,1032,1035,1038,1045,1048,1053,1056,1059,1062,1065,1068,1072,1075,1080,1083,1086,1089,1092,1095,1098,1101,1104,1107],{"id":18,"text":960,"url":18,"identifiers":961},"10.1111\u002Fj.1502-3885.1986.tb00746.x",{"doi":960},{"id":18,"text":963,"url":18,"identifiers":964},"Budd, 1968, The longitudinal velocity profile of large ice masses, IAHS, 79, 58",{},{"id":18,"text":966,"url":18,"identifiers":967},"10.1002\u002Fjqs.3390080206",{"doi":966},{"id":18,"text":969,"url":18,"identifiers":970},"Coope, 1975, Climate fluctuation in Northwest Europe since the last interglacial, Ice Ages: Ancient and Modern, 153",{},{"id":18,"text":972,"url":18,"identifiers":973},"10.1017\u002FS0022143000031014",{"doi":972},{"id":18,"text":975,"url":18,"identifiers":976},"Thorp, 1984, Glacial geomorphology of part of the western Grampians with specific reference to the limits of the Loch Lomond Advance",{},{"id":554,"text":978,"url":556,"identifiers":979},"Paterson, 1994, The Physics of Glaciers",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":981,"url":18,"identifiers":982},"10.1007\u002F978-94-009-3745-1_13",{"doi":981},{"id":18,"text":984,"url":18,"identifiers":985},"10.1016\u002F0277-3791(92)90083-K",{"doi":984},{"id":18,"text":987,"url":18,"identifiers":988},"10.1038\u002F365143a0",{"doi":987},{"id":18,"text":990,"url":18,"identifiers":991},"10.1080\u002F00369229418736908",{"doi":990},{"id":18,"text":993,"url":18,"identifiers":994},"10.1029\u002FJB092iB09p09051",{"doi":993},{"id":18,"text":996,"url":18,"identifiers":997},"10.2307\u002F621914",{"doi":996},{"id":554,"text":999,"url":556,"identifiers":1000},"Hubbard, 1997, High-resolution modeling of glaciers",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":1002,"url":18,"identifiers":1003},"Gray, 1991, The Loch Lomond Glaciation in Britain and Ireland, Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland, 89",{},{"id":18,"text":1005,"url":18,"identifiers":1006},"Budd, 1981, The growth and retreat of ice sheets in response to orbital radiation changes, IAHS, 31, 369",{},{"id":18,"text":1008,"url":18,"identifiers":1009},"Bennett, 1991, Scottish ‘hummocky moraine’: Its implications for the deglaciation of the North West Highlands during the Y.D.",{},{"id":18,"text":1011,"url":18,"identifiers":1012},"10.1038\u002F278518a0",{"doi":1011},{"id":1014,"text":1015,"url":1016,"identifiers":1017},"c933aee6-b26e-49a2-9962-9611f53e09f1","10.1016\u002F0277-3791(84)90017-9","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0277379184900179",{"doi":1015},{"id":18,"text":616,"url":18,"identifiers":1019},{"doi":616},{"id":18,"text":1021,"url":18,"identifiers":1022},"10.1002\u002Fgj.3350170204",{"doi":1021},{"id":18,"text":1024,"url":18,"identifiers":1025},"10.1126\u002Fscience.269.5230.1541",{"doi":1024},{"id":18,"text":1027,"url":18,"identifiers":1028},"10.1038\u002F325587a0",{"doi":1027},{"id":18,"text":1030,"url":18,"identifiers":1031},"10.1016\u002F0277-3791(84)90009-X",{"doi":1030},{"id":18,"text":1033,"url":18,"identifiers":1034},"10.1017\u002FS0022143000021298",{"doi":1033},{"id":18,"text":1036,"url":18,"identifiers":1037},"10.2307\u002F621770",{"doi":1036},{"id":1039,"text":1040,"url":1041,"identifiers":1042},"c9366a8e-0632-4922-896c-72e76b1ac7dc","Press, 1986, Numerical Recipes","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.goodreads.com\u002Fbook\u002Fshow\u002F757916.Numerical_Recipes",{"isbn":1043,"isbn13":1044},"0521308119","9780521308113",{"id":18,"text":1046,"url":18,"identifiers":1047},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-3121.1993.tb00266.x",{"doi":1046},{"id":1049,"text":1050,"url":1051,"identifiers":1052},"87881f9d-32c8-4def-9042-2dce3c5fb90a","10.1006\u002Fqres.1994.1049","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0033589484710490",{"doi":1050},{"id":554,"text":1054,"url":556,"identifiers":1055},"Ballantyne, 1994, The Periglaciation of Great Britain",{"doi":558},{"id":18,"text":1057,"url":18,"identifiers":1058},"Green, 1995, The glacial geomorphology of the Loch Lomond Advance in Lochaber",{},{"id":18,"text":1060,"url":18,"identifiers":1061},"10.1007\u002F978-94-015-1167-4",{"doi":1060},{"id":18,"text":1063,"url":18,"identifiers":1064},"Huybrechts, 1986, A Three-Dimensional Time-Dependent Numerical Model for Polar Ice Sheets: Some Basic Testing with a Stable and Efficient Finite Difference Scheme",{},{"id":18,"text":1066,"url":18,"identifiers":1067},"10.1029\u002FJC081i006p01059",{"doi":1066},{"id":18,"text":1069,"url":18,"identifiers":1070},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1099-1085(199802)12:2\u003C191::AID-HYP571>3.0.CO;2-C",{"doi":1071},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1099-1085(199802)12:2\u003C191",{"id":18,"text":1073,"url":18,"identifiers":1074},"10.1002\u002Fesp.3290150705",{"doi":1073},{"id":1076,"text":1077,"url":1078,"identifiers":1079},"2acee93c-539a-4073-863c-0c678c983b2a","10.1016\u002F0031-0182(81)90097-3","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0031018281900973",{"doi":1077},{"id":18,"text":1081,"url":18,"identifiers":1082},"10.1017\u002FS002214300001621X",{"doi":1081},{"id":18,"text":1084,"url":18,"identifiers":1085},"10.1017\u002FS0022143000003646",{"doi":1084},{"id":18,"text":1087,"url":18,"identifiers":1088},"10.1038\u002F339532a0",{"doi":1087},{"id":18,"text":1090,"url":18,"identifiers":1091},"Brazier, 1995, The geomorphological evolution of a dynamic landscape: The cairngorm mountains, Scotland, Environmental History of the Cairngorms",{},{"id":18,"text":1093,"url":18,"identifiers":1094},"Glen, 1958, The flow law of ice, Hydrology Publication, 47, 171",{},{"id":18,"text":1096,"url":18,"identifiers":1097},"10.1002\u002Fjqs.3390040201",{"doi":1096},{"id":18,"text":1099,"url":18,"identifiers":1100},"10.1038\u002F280199a0",{"doi":1099},{"id":18,"text":1102,"url":18,"identifiers":1103},"Sissons, 1974, Scotland",{},{"id":18,"text":1105,"url":18,"identifiers":1106},"10.1017\u002FS0022143000012004",{"doi":1105},{"id":18,"text":1108,"url":18,"identifiers":1109},"10.1038\u002F372421a0",{"doi":1108},{"id":1111,"createTime":1112,"updateTime":1113,"relativeEntities":1114,"slug":1115,"properties":1116,"entityType":115,"verifyStatus":251,"verifyTime":1127,"verifyNote":253,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1128,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1129,"publicationType":179,"publisherRelationship":1193,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1243,"publishDate":1246,"publishYear":1244,"citationAnalyzeStatus":955,"lastCitationAnalyze":1247,"indexDatabases":1248,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":233},"14ecd2e2-219a-4742-8158-4dbeff98642c","2024-01-30T00:33:05.674+00:00","2026-07-25T20:02:03.108+00:00",[],"Oceanic-Evidence-for-the-Mechanism-of-Rapid-Northern-Hemisphere-Glaciation",{"abstract":1117,"title":1119,"gsPaper":1121,"references":1123,"doi":1125},{"EN":1118},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The oxygen isotopic stage 5\u002F4 boundary in deep-sea sediments marks a prominent interval of northern hemisphere ice-sheet growth that lasted about 10,000 yr. During much of this rapid ice growth, the North Atlantic Ocean from at least 40°N to 60°N maintained warm sea-surface temperatures, within 1° to 2°C of today's subpolar ocean. This oceanic warmth provided a local source of moisture for ice-sheet accretion on the adjacent continents. The unusually strong thermal gradient off the east coast of North America (an “interglacial” ocean alongside a “glacial” land mass) also should have directed low-pressure storms from warm southern latitudes north-ward toward the Laurentide Ice Sheet. In addition, minimal calving of ice into the North Atlantic occurred during most of the stage 5\u002F4 transition, indicative of ice retention within the continents. Diminished summer and autumn insolation, a warm subpolar ocean, and minimal calving of ice are conducive to rapid and extensive episodes of northern hemisphere ice-sheet growth.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1120},"Oceanic Evidence for the Mechanism of Rapid Northern Hemisphere Glaciation",{"VOID":1122},"[\"10183146536884149397\"]",{"VOID":1124},"10.1130\u002F0016-7606(1977)88\u003C1813:LQDOIS>2.0.CO;2\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(76)90048-X\nFlint, 1971, Glacial and Quaternary Geology\nShackleton, 1974, Attainment of isotopic equilibrium between ocean water and the benthonic foraminifera genus Uvigerina: Isotopic changes in the ocean during the last glacial, Colloques Internationaux Du Centre De La Recherche Scientifique, 219, 203\n10.1098\u002Frspb.1969.0085\nBjerknes, 1963, Climatic changes as an ocean-atmosphere problem, WMO-UNESCO Rome 1961 Symposium on Changes of Climate, UNESCO, Paris, 297\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(78)90079-0\nWilliams, 1975, Effect of insolation changes on late summer snow cover in northern Canada, Proceedings WMO-AMAP Symposium on Long-Term Fluctuations WMO, 421, 287\nBarry, 1978, Glacial inception and disintegration during the last glaciation, Annual Reviews Earth and Planetary Science, 6, 205, 10.1146\u002Fannurev.ea.06.050178.001225\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(74)90036-2\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(75)90038-1\n10.1029\u002FJC082i027p03877\nRuddiman, 1977, Role of high-latitude North Atlantic in ice-sheet growth, Geological Society of America Abstracts, 1150\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(78)90064-9\n10.1126\u002Fscience.190.4218.979\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(75)90021-6\n10.1098\u002Frstb.1977.0104\nMcIntyre, 1972, Southward penetrations of the North Atlantic Polar Front, Deep-Sea Research, 19, 61\n10.1038\u002F253600a0\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(74)90001-5\n10.1016\u002F0012-821X(75)90156-9\n10.1130\u002FMEM145-p147\n10.1126\u002Fscience.194.4270.1121\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(73)90051-3\n10.1126\u002Fscience.196.4295.1208\n10.1126\u002Fscience.151.3708.299\n10.1111\u002Fj.1502-3885.1978.tb00051.x\n10.1175\u002F1520-0469(1977)034\u003C1040:AOSOTN>2.0.CO;2\n10.1126\u002Fscience.191.4232.1131\nAdam, 1973, Ice ages and the thermal equilibrium of the Earth, Journal Research United States Geological Survey, 1, 587\n10.1130\u002FMEM145-p77\nLamb, 1972, Climate: Present, Past and Future. Fundamentals and Climate Now, Vol. 1\n10.1080\u002F00040851.1971.12003623\n10.1126\u002Fscience.188.4194.1208\n10.1029\u002FRG008i001p00169\nThiede, 1977, Aspects of the variability of the Glacial and Interglacial North Atlantic eastern boundary current (last 150,000 years), “Meteor” Forsch-Ergebnisse C, 1\n10.1139\u002Fe75-093\nDurazzi, 1978, Paleooceanography of the subpolar North Atlantic at 62,000 B.P.: Biotic and isotopic evidence, Geological Society of America Abstracts\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(67)90001-4\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(70)90010-4\n10.1126\u002Fscience.123.3207.1061\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(73)90052-5\nAndrews, 1976, Alternative models of early and Middle-Wisconsin events, Broughton Island, Northwest Territories, Canada: Toward a Quaternary chronology, IUGS International Geological Correlation Program, 28\n10.1126\u002Fscience.203.4376.168\n10.1016\u002F0031-0182(72)90011-9\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(73)90057-4\nWeyl, 1968, The role of the oceans in climatic change: A theory of the ice ages, Meteorological Monographs, 8, 37\nMilankovitch, 1941, Canon of Insolation and the Ice-Age Problem\nVernekar, 1972, Long period global variations of incoming solar radiation, Meteorological Monographs, 12\n10.1130\u002FMEM145-p3",{"VOID":1126},"10.1016\u002F0033-5894(80)90081-2","2024-06-24T23:20:26.802+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0033589480900812",[1130,1145,1167,1180],{"id":1131,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1132,"affiliations":1133,"properties":1140,"displayName":1142,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"c7b58687-4e33-4ecf-b822-3276f8813de4",[125],[1134],{"id":699,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1135,"properties":18},{"id":699,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1136,"slug":18,"properties":1137,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1139,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1138},{"VI":704},[],{"title":1141,"gsAuthor":1143},{"VI":1142},"W.F. Ruddiman",{"VOID":1144},"[\"vRKtJacAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1146,"sortIndex":270,"researcher":18,"roles":1147,"affiliations":1148,"properties":1164,"displayName":1166,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"482ac445-e704-4dcf-96f2-70b342190c2f",[125],[1149,1155],{"id":699,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1150,"properties":18},{"id":699,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1151,"slug":18,"properties":1152,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1154,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1153},{"VI":704},[],{"id":1156,"sortIndex":270,"affiliation":1157,"properties":1163},"ee7d973e-9ae4-4219-b1e9-76cc9f9062c2",{"id":1156,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1158,"slug":18,"properties":1159,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1162,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1160},{"VI":1161},"Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367, USA",[],{},{"title":1165},{"VI":1166},"A. McIntyre",{"id":1168,"sortIndex":299,"researcher":18,"roles":1169,"affiliations":1170,"properties":1177,"displayName":1179,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"0d1cbbf3-5090-4e17-9815-8fa03efa4aac",[125],[1171],{"id":699,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1172,"properties":18},{"id":699,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1173,"slug":18,"properties":1174,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1176,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1175},{"VI":704},[],{"title":1178},{"VI":1179},"V. Niebler-Hunt",{"id":1181,"sortIndex":315,"researcher":18,"roles":1182,"affiliations":1183,"properties":1190,"displayName":1192,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"a269bfa9-96a0-4107-a561-d401cfea0e60",[125],[1184],{"id":699,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1185,"properties":18},{"id":699,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1186,"slug":18,"properties":1187,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1189,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1188},{"VI":704},[],{"title":1191},{"VI":1192},"J.T. Durazzi",{"url":1128,"publisher":1194,"properties":1238},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1195,"slug":10,"properties":1196,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1199,"manageAffiliations":1212,"indexDatabases":1223,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":18,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1197,"title":1198},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[1200,1204,1208],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1201,"label":1202,"description":1203,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1205,"label":1206,"description":1207,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1209,"label":1210,"description":1211,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},[1213,1218],{"id":41,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1214,"slug":18,"properties":1215,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1217,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1216},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1219,"slug":18,"properties":1220,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1222,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1221},{"EN":52},[],[1224,1231],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":1225,"url":69,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1230,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":58,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1226,"label":1227,"description":1228,"key":65,"publicationTags":1229,"standard":18},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":63,"VI":64},[67,68],[71,72],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":1232,"url":85,"indexYears":86,"academicFieldIds":1237,"indexDatabaseRanking":91},{"id":76,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1233,"label":1234,"description":1235,"key":82,"publicationTags":1236,"standard":18},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":79,"VI":81},[84],[88,89,90],{"pages":1239,"volume":1241},{"VOID":1240},"33-64",{"VOID":1242},"13",{"total":19,"publishYear":1244,"statisticByYear":1245},1980,{},"1980-01-01","2026-07-25T20:02:03.107+00:00",[67,91],{"id":1250,"createTime":1251,"updateTime":1252,"relativeEntities":1253,"slug":1254,"properties":1255,"entityType":115,"verifyStatus":251,"verifyTime":1266,"verifyNote":253,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1267,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1268,"publicationType":179,"publisherRelationship":1386,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1436,"publishDate":1439,"publishYear":1437,"citationAnalyzeStatus":955,"lastCitationAnalyze":1440,"indexDatabases":1441,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":233},"2eca07f0-4e7f-4bd0-8165-d989854781d6","2023-11-24T10:30:20.460+00:00","2026-07-25T01:07:07.765+00:00",[],"Lithological-and-Palynological-Evidence-of-late-Quaternary-Depositional-Environments-in-the-Subaqueous-Yangtze-Delta-China",{"abstract":1256,"title":1258,"gsPaper":1260,"references":1262,"doi":1264},{"EN":1257},"\u003Cjats:p>AMS \u003Cjats:sup>14\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>C ages of post-glacial core sediments from the subaqueous Yangtze delta, along with sedimentary structures and distributions of grain size, pollen spores, and dinoflagellate cysts, show an estuarine depositional system from 13 to 8.4 cal ka BP and a deltaic system from 5.9 cal ka BP to the present. The estuarine system consists of intertidal to subtidal flat, estuarine, and estuarine-front facies, characterized by sand\"mud couplets and a high sedimentation rate. The deltaic system includes nearshore shelf and prodelta mud featured by lower sedimentation rate, markedly fewer coastal wetland herbaceous pollens, and more dinoflagellate cysts. We explain the extremely high sedimentation rate during 9.2–8.4 cal ka BP at the study site as a result of rapid sea-level rise, high sediment load due to the unstable monsoonal climate, and subaqueous decrease of elevation from inner to outer estuary. A depositional hiatus occurred during 8.2–5.9 cal ka BP, the transition from estuarine to deltaic system, caused possibly by a shortage of sediment supply resulting from delta initiation in paleo-incised Yangtze valley and strong tidal or storm-related reworking in offshore areas. The subsequent development of deltaic system at the study site indicates accelerated progradation of Yangtze delta post-5.9 cal ka BP.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1259},"Lithological and Palynological Evidence of late Quaternary Depositional Environments in the Subaqueous Yangtze Delta, China",{"VOID":1261},"[\"2201417371241858993\"]",{"VOID":1263},"10.1016\u002Fj.yqres.2008.03.011\n10.1016\u002FS0034-6667(02)00229-4\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(92)90028-H\n10.1038\u002F343630a0\n10.1016\u002FS0277-3791(03)00080-5\nKong, 2005, Marine reservoir corrections (?R) for southern coastal waters of Korea, The Sea, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, 10, 124\nShao, 2006, Holocene monsoon climate evolution and drought event recorded in the stalagmite from Shengnongjia, HuBei, China, Chinese Science Bulletin, 51, 80\nDyke, 2003, Deglaciation of North America, Geological Survey of Canada Open File Report, 1574\n10.1016\u002Fj.ecss.2006.07.004\n10.1016\u002Fj.quaint.2004.02.017\nQin, 2005, Holocene dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in the northern Okinawa trough and their palaeoenvironmental implication, Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 22, 285\n10.1029\u002F2007GL031029\n10.1017\u002FS0033822200013904\n10.1016\u002FS0377-8398(01)00016-0\n10.1016\u002FS0025-3227(03)00119-1\nLi, 2004, The change in Changjiang suspended load and its impact on the delta after completion of Three-Gorges dam, Quaternary Sciences, 24, 495\n10.1038\u002F342637a0\n10.1016\u002Fj.geomorph.2006.03.023\n10.1038\u002F382241a0\n10.1016\u002FS0025-3227(01)00165-7\n10.1016\u002FS1367-9120(99)00078-4\n10.1016\u002Fj.revpalbo.2004.01.007\n10.1016\u002Fj.margeo.2004.06.009\n10.2112\u002F03-0120.1\n10.1038\u002F22504\n10.1002\u002F(SICI)1520-6548(199901)14:1\u003C15::AID-GEA2>3.0.CO;2-N\n10.1016\u002Fj.palaeo.2006.06.016\nHo, 1959, Studies on the Population of China, 1368-1953, 266\nChang, 1987, Characteristics and development of cheniers, southern part of Yangtze delta plain, Recent Yangtze delta deposits, Shanghai, 37\n10.1130\u002F0091-7613(1997)025\u003C0483:HCIAPW>2.3.CO;2\nShao, 1991, Storm deposits in the coastal region of Shanghai, the Yangtze Delta, China. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 70, 45\n10.1016\u002Fj.ecss.2004.08.012\n10.1306\u002F052002720884\n10.1016\u002Fj.quascirev.2008.10.010\n10.1016\u002FS0025-3227(99)00064-X\n10.1016\u002Fj.epsl.2005.01.036\n10.1016\u002FS0169-555X(01)00119-2\n10.1177\u002F0959683607076451\n10.1016\u002FS0037-0738(01)00122-1\n10.1016\u002Fj.revpalbo.2007.10.003\n10.1016\u002FS0277-3791(01)00119-6\n10.1007\u002Fs00367-005-0004-0\n10.1016\u002Fj.yqres.2005.08.020\nQu, 1992, Population and environment of China, 1\n10.1191\u002F0959683605hl862rr\n10.1130\u002F0091-7613(1996)024\u003C1083:NSDAAF>2.3.CO;2\n10.1177\u002F0959683607080517\n10.1017\u002FS0033822200064778",{"VOID":1265},"10.1016\u002Fj.yqres.2009.11.001","2024-08-30T23:19:42.935+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0033589409001318",[1269,1286,1301,1314,1331,1346,1359,1372],{"id":1270,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1271,"affiliations":1272,"properties":1281,"displayName":1283,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"ab9b496a-1a52-48e0-8866-0ebcefc60645",[125],[1273],{"id":1274,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1275,"properties":18},"5bbece74-29fc-42e0-9f1a-7ded9b011c8e",{"id":1274,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1276,"slug":18,"properties":1277,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1280,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1278},{"VI":1279},"State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and Coastal Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China",[],{"title":1282,"gsAuthor":1284},{"VI":1283},"Zhanghua Wang",{"VOID":1285},"[\"NVWq8YsAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1287,"sortIndex":270,"researcher":18,"roles":1288,"affiliations":1289,"properties":1298,"displayName":1300,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"5d0d4530-c840-4464-9446-3a73db37a211",[125],[1290],{"id":1291,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1292,"properties":18},"87c9e09d-fd6c-4f05-82db-64e3ae5d93b2",{"id":1291,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1293,"slug":18,"properties":1294,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1297,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1295},{"VI":1296},"Department of Geography, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China",[],{"title":1299},{"VI":1300},"Hao Xu",{"id":1302,"sortIndex":299,"researcher":18,"roles":1303,"affiliations":1304,"properties":1311,"displayName":1313,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"130529d0-68ad-4729-9a14-31e2bbf6fd58",[125],[1305],{"id":1291,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1306,"properties":18},{"id":1291,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1307,"slug":18,"properties":1308,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1310,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1309},{"VI":1296},[],{"title":1312},{"VI":1313},"Qing Zhan",{"id":1315,"sortIndex":315,"researcher":18,"roles":1316,"affiliations":1317,"properties":1326,"displayName":1328,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"8a67eb78-9f01-4baf-a5a8-0359cd99eaff",[125],[1318],{"id":1319,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1320,"properties":18},"446acb9c-d737-4b74-8ed5-de287103fe60",{"id":1319,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1321,"slug":18,"properties":1322,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1325,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1323},{"VI":1324},"Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Central 7, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan",[],{"title":1327,"gsAuthor":1329},{"VI":1328},"Yoshiki 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stable isotope composition of planktonic foraminifera correlates with evidence for pulses of terrigenous sediment in a sediment core from the upper continental slope off northeastern Brazil. Stable oxygen isotope records of the planktonic foraminiferal species \u003Cjats:italic>Globigerinoides sacculifer\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>and \u003Cjats:italic>Globigerinoides ruber\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>(pink) reveal sub-Milankovitch changes in sea-surface hydrography during the last 85,000 yr. Warming of the surface water coincided with terrigenous sedimentation pulses that are inferred from high XRF intensities of Ti and Fe, and which suggest humid conditions in northeast Brazil. These tropical signals correlate with climatic oscillations recorded in Greenland ice cores (Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles) and in sediment cores from the North Atlantic (Heinrich events). Trade winds may have caused changes in the North Brazil Current that altered heat and salt flux into the North Atlantic, thus affecting the growth and decay of the large glacial ice sheets.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1452},"Correlated Millennial-Scale Changes in Surface Hydrography and Terrigenous Sediment Yield Inferred from Last-Glacial Marine Deposits off Northeastern Brazil",{"VOID":1454},"[\"143507809433285393\"]",{"VOID":1456},"Jansen, 1992, CORTEX, an XRF-scanner for chemical analyses of sediment cores, GEOMAR Reports, 15\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(91)90064-C\n10.1029\u002F92PA02092\n10.1016\u002FS0025-3227(96)00048-5\n10.1029\u002FJC091iC09p10537\n10.1007\u002FBF00193540\n10.2113\u002Fgsjfr.12.4.362\n10.1016\u002F0079-6611(91)90006-8\nHemleben, 1989, Modern Planktonic Formainifera.\n10.1038\u002F298841a0\n10.1029\u002F96PA03932\n10.1038\u002F379243a0\nLevitus, 1994, World Ocean Atlas 1994, Volume 4: Temperature\n10.1029\u002FPA003i006p00635\nDuplessy, 1981, Oxygen-18 enrichment of planktonic foraminifera due to gametogenic calcification below the euphotic zone, Science, 213, 1247, 10.1126\u002Fscience.213.4513.1247\nDürkoop, 1997, Late Quaternary variations of sea surface salinity and temperature in the western tropical Atlantic: Evidence from δ18\n                  Globigerinoides sacculifer, Paleoceanography, 7, 762\nTintelnot, 1997, Holocene and Late Pleistocene climate changes and sea-level fluctuations in tropical northeastern Brazil—Evidence from marine clay mineral records, Beiträge zur Jahrestagung 1996, 72\nSummerhayes, 1975, Salvador to Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil, Upper Continental Margin Sedimentation off Brazil, 45\n10.1175\u002F1520-0442(1996)009\u003C2464:VOSSTW>2.0.CO;2\n10.1038\u002F366552a0\nMeese, 1994, Preliminary depth–age scale of the GISP2 ice core\n10.1016\u002FS0012-821X(96)00192-6\n10.1029\u002FPA004i001p00019\nImbrie, 1984, The orbital theory of pleistocene climate: Support from a revised chronology of the marine δ18, Milankovitch and Climate, Part 1\n10.1016\u002FS0377-8398(97)00040-6\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(88)90057-9\n10.1029\u002F97PA00823\n10.1038\u002F364203a0\nLevitus, 1994, World Ocean Atlas 1994, Volume 3: salinity\n10.1038\u002F385707a0\n10.1016\u002FS0168-583X(96)00730-6\n10.1029\u002F94JC01776\n10.1038\u002F372421a0\n10.1016\u002F0277-3791(87)90003-5\n10.1038\u002F385516a0\nJouzel, 1994, Climate instabilities: Greenland and Antarctic records, C. R. Academy of Sciences Paris, 319, 65\n10.1007\u002F978-3-642-78737-9_15\n10.1029\u002FJC091iC12p14212\n10.1126\u002Fscience.274.5294.1867\n10.1126\u002Fscience.261.5118.198\nAbsy, 1991, Mise en évidence de quatre phases d'ouverture de la foret dense dans le sud-est de l'Amazonie au cours des 60,000 dernières années. Première comparison avec d'autres regions tropicales, C.R. Académie des Sciences Paris, 312, 673\nRao, 1993, Seasonal and interannual variations of rainfall over eastern Northeast Brazil, Journal of Climate, 6, 1754, 10.1175\u002F1520-0442(1993)006\u003C1754:SAIVOR>2.0.CO;2\n10.1007\u002FBF00140262\n10.1029\u002F95JC02803\n10.1029\u002F96PA02413\n10.1175\u002F1520-0485(1987)017\u003C1518:ACOSTS>2.0.CO;2\n10.1029\u002F95PA00059\n10.1016\u002F0025-3227(91)90234-U\n10.1038\u002F297220a0\n10.1029\u002F94PA00443\n10.1017\u002FS0033822200013886\n10.1038\u002F372162a0\n10.1016\u002F0967-0637(95)00014-W\n10.1126\u002Fscience.267.5200.1005\n10.1038\u002F365143a0\n10.2113\u002Fgsjfr.19.4.268\n10.1038\u002F372663a0",{"VOID":1458},"10.1006\u002Fqres.1998.1992","2024-05-08T18:06:07.178+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0033589498919925",[1462,1479,1494],{"id":1463,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1464,"affiliations":1465,"properties":1474,"displayName":1476,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"3b57c632-fd88-4eca-ad64-c5b343ed00cc",[125],[1466],{"id":1467,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1468,"properties":18},"5b8620ab-782c-4dd9-a999-582bd03ddb9d",{"id":1467,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1469,"slug":18,"properties":1470,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1473,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1471},{"VI":1472},"Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany",[],{"title":1475,"gsAuthor":1477},{"VI":1476},"Helge W. Arz",{"VOID":1478},"[\"28_H9mkAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1480,"sortIndex":270,"researcher":18,"roles":1481,"affiliations":1482,"properties":1489,"displayName":1491,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"c4639b7f-2d08-4833-b0d9-9d685e6c9da2",[125],[1483],{"id":1467,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1484,"properties":18},{"id":1467,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1485,"slug":18,"properties":1486,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1488,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1487},{"VI":1472},[],{"title":1490,"gsAuthor":1492},{"VI":1491},"Jürgen Pätzold",{"VOID":1493},"[\"im7UcowAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1495,"sortIndex":299,"researcher":18,"roles":1496,"affiliations":1497,"properties":1504,"displayName":1506,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"0925d307-f2c7-4d65-b050-873c5c8a61a8",[125],[1498],{"id":1467,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1499,"properties":18},{"id":1467,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1500,"slug":18,"properties":1501,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1503,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1502},{"VI":1472},[],{"title":1505,"gsAuthor":1507},{"VI":1506},"Gerold Wefer",{"VOID":1508},"[\"NL_I2VAAAAAJ\"]",{"url":1460,"publisher":1510,"properties":1554},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1511,"slug":10,"properties":1512,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1515,"manageAffiliations":1528,"indexDatabases":1539,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":18,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1513,"title":1514},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[1516,1520,1524],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1517,"label":1518,"description":1519,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1521,"label":1522,"description":1523,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1525,"label":1526,"description":1527,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},[1529,1534],{"id":41,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1530,"slug":18,"properties":1531,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1533,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1532},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1535,"slug":18,"properties":1536,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1538,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1537},{"EN":52},[],[1540,1547],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":1541,"url":69,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1546,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":58,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1542,"label":1543,"description":1544,"key":65,"publicationTags":1545,"standard":18},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":63,"VI":64},[67,68],[71,72],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":1548,"url":85,"indexYears":86,"academicFieldIds":1553,"indexDatabaseRanking":91},{"id":76,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1549,"label":1550,"description":1551,"key":82,"publicationTags":1552,"standard":18},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":79,"VI":81},[84],[88,89,90],{"pages":1555,"volume":1557},{"VOID":1556},"157-166",{"VOID":1558},"50",{"total":19,"publishYear":1560,"statisticByYear":1561},1998,{},"1998-09-01","2026-07-24T11:49:40.552+00:00",[67,91],{"id":1566,"createTime":1567,"updateTime":1568,"relativeEntities":1569,"slug":1570,"properties":1571,"entityType":115,"verifyStatus":251,"verifyTime":1582,"verifyNote":253,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1583,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1584,"publicationType":179,"publisherRelationship":1610,"citationCount":1660,"citationInfo":1661,"publishDate":1672,"publishYear":1662,"citationAnalyzeStatus":955,"lastCitationAnalyze":1673,"indexDatabases":1674,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":233},"29c13c1a-828b-4474-813c-ecb0453b0e95","2024-01-25T11:02:21.646+00:00","2026-07-23T19:31:07.559+00:00",[],"Stratigraphic-Charcoal-Analysis-on-Petrographic-Thin-Sections-Application-to-Fire-History-in-Northwestern-Minnesota",{"abstract":1572,"title":1574,"gsPaper":1576,"references":1578,"doi":1580},{"EN":1573},"\u003Cjats:p>Results of stratigraphic charcoal analysis from thin sections of varved lake sediments have been compared with fire scars on red pine trees in northwestern Minnesota to determine if charcoal data accurately reflect fire regimes. Pollen and opaque-spherule analyses were completed from a short core to confirm that laminations were annual over the last 350 yr. A good correspondence was found between fossil-charcoal and fire-scar data. Individual fires could be identified as specific peaks in the charcoal curves, and times of reduced fire frequency were reflected in the charcoal data. Charcoal was absent during the fire-suppression era from 1920 A.D. to the present. Distinct charcoal maxima from 1864 to 1920 occurred at times of fire within the lake catchment. Fire was less frequent during the 19th century, and charcoal was substantially less abundant. Fire was frequent from 1760 to 1815, and charcoal was abundant continuously. Fire scars and fossil charcoal indicate that fires did not occur during 1730–1750 and 1670–1700. Several fires occurred from 1640 to 1670 and 1700 to 1730. Charcoal counted from pollen preparations in the area generally do not show this changing fire regime. Simulated “sampling” of the thin-section data in a fashion comparable to pollen-slide methods suggests that sampling alone is not sufficient to account for differences between the two methods. Integrating annual charcoal values in this fashion still produced much higher resolution than the pollen-slide method, and the postfire suppression decline of charcoal characteristic of my method (but not of pollen slides) is still evident. Consideration of the differences in size of fragments counted by the two methods is necessary to explain charcoal representation in lake sediments.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1575},"Stratigraphic Charcoal Analysis on Petrographic Thin Sections: Application to Fire History in Northwestern Minnesota",{"VOID":1577},"[\"5673286433443333567\"]",{"VOID":1579},"Delesse, 1847, Procede mecanique pour determiner la composition des roches, Comptes Rendus des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 25, 544\nWeibull, 1979, Stereological Methods\n10.1139\u002Fb78-002\nClark, 1984, Pollen, Pb-210, and opaque spherules: An integrated approach to dating and sedimentation in the intertidal environment, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54, 1251\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(78)90013-3\nChandler, 1983, Fire in Forestry\nBagnold, 1941, The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes\nBackman, 1984, 1000-Yr Record of Fire-Vegetation Interactions in the Northeastern United States: A Comparison of Coastal and Inland Regions, Masters thesis\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(85)90073-0\nFoster, 1976, Lower La Salle Lake, Minnesota: Sedimentation and Recent Fire and Vegetation History, Masters thesis\nClark, 1982, Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections of sediments, Pollen et Spores, 24, 523\n10.1007\u002F978-94-009-5544-8\nWaddington, 1978, Vegetational Changes Associated with Settlement and Land Clearance in Minnesota over the Last 125 years: A Comparison of Historical and Sedimentary Records, Ph.D. thesis\nSutton, 1953, Micrometerorology: A Study of Physical Processes in the Lowest Layer's of the Earth's Atmosphere\n10.1111\u002Fj.1502-3885.1980.tb01032.x\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(73)90005-7\n10.2307\u002F2484716\n10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2389.1978.tb00807.x\n10.1139\u002Fb77-180\nClark, 1988b, Patterns, causes, and theory of fire occurrence during the last 750 years in northwestern Minnesota, Ecological Monographs\nClark, Post Glacial fire, vegetation, and cultural history of the northern Alpine forelands, southwest Germany\n10.1038\u002F334233a0\n10.2307\u002F1937331\n10.2307\u002F1939835\n10.1007\u002F978-3-662-01025-9\n10.1111\u002Fj.1502-3885.1984.tb00054.x\nLorimer, 1980, The use of land survey records in estimating presettlement fire frequency, United States Forest Service General Technical Report RM-81\nPatterson, 1978, The Effects of Past and Current Land Disturbances on Squaw Lake, Minnesota and Its Watershed, Ph.D. thesis\n10.1017\u002FCBO9780511573071\nBradbury, 1986, Effects of forest fire and other disturbances on wilderness lakes in northeastern Minnesota. II. Paleolimnology, Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 106, 203, 10.1127\u002Farchiv-hydrobiol\u002F106\u002F1986\u002F203\nClements, 1910, The life history of lodgepole burn forests, United States Forest Service Bulletin, 79\n10.2307\u002F2937077\nGeyh, 1971, Sediment-, Pollen-, und Isotopenanalysen an Jahrezeitlich geschichteten Ablagerungen im zentralen Teil des Schleinsees, Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 69, 366\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(73)90004-5\n10.1139\u002Fb83-269\n10.1139\u002Fb79-171\nHeinselman, 1981, Fire intensity and frequency as factors in the distribution and structure of northern ecosystems, United States Forest Service General Technical Report GTR-WO-26, 7\n10.1007\u002FBF00006731\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(88)90088-9\nTolonen, 1978, Palaeoecology of annually laminated sediments in Lake Ahvenainen, S. Finland. I. Pollen and charcoal analyses and their relation to human impact, Annales Botanicae Fennici, 15, 177\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(73)90003-3\n10.1016\u002F0277-3791(87)90012-6\nIversen, 1941, Land occupation in Denmark's Stone Age, Danmarks Geologiske Forenhandlungen, 66\nMerkt, 1971, Zuverlassige Auszahlungen von Jahresschichten in Seesedimenten mit Hilfe von Gross-Dunnschliffen, Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 69, 145\n10.2307\u002F3543289\nRenberg, 1985, Soot particle counting in recent lake sediments: An indirect dating method, Ecological Bulletins, 37, 53",{"VOID":1581},"10.1016\u002F0033-5894(88)90089-0","2024-08-30T13:47:02.118+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002F0033589488900890",[1585],{"id":1586,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1587,"affiliations":1588,"properties":1605,"displayName":1607,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"080aeb1a-cb00-4881-8306-ca168a5b1916",[125],[1589,1597],{"id":1590,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1591,"properties":18},"0c424b59-d80e-48cb-8b85-0f1cb86f83d8",{"id":1590,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1592,"slug":18,"properties":1593,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1596,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1594},{"VI":1595},"Department of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, 318 Church St. S.E., 105 Zoology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55445 USA",[],{"id":1598,"sortIndex":270,"affiliation":1599,"properties":18},"0e9620d2-f203-4a8f-8f0e-d363a1a50f73",{"id":1598,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1600,"slug":18,"properties":1601,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1604,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1602},{"VI":1603},"The Limnological Research Center, 220 Pillsbury Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55445 USA",[],{"title":1606,"gsAuthor":1608},{"VI":1607},"James S. Clark",{"VOID":1609},"[\"t6XVnH8AAAAJ\"]",{"url":1583,"publisher":1611,"properties":1655},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1612,"slug":10,"properties":1613,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1616,"manageAffiliations":1629,"indexDatabases":1640,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":18,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1614,"title":1615},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[1617,1621,1625],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1618,"label":1619,"description":1620,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1622,"label":1623,"description":1624,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1626,"label":1627,"description":1628,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":37},{},[1630,1635],{"id":41,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1631,"slug":18,"properties":1632,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1634,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1633},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1636,"slug":18,"properties":1637,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1639,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1638},{"EN":52},[],[1641,1648],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":1642,"url":69,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1647,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":58,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1643,"label":1644,"description":1645,"key":65,"publicationTags":1646,"standard":18},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":63,"VI":64},[67,68],[71,72],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":1649,"url":85,"indexYears":86,"academicFieldIds":1654,"indexDatabaseRanking":91},{"id":76,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1650,"label":1651,"description":1652,"key":82,"publicationTags":1653,"standard":18},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":79,"VI":81},[84],[88,89,90],{"pages":1656,"volume":1658},{"VOID":1657},"81-91",{"VOID":1659},"30",304,{"total":1660,"publishYear":1662,"statisticByYear":1663},1988,{"1988":299,"1989":315,"1990":299,"1991":315,"1992":541,"1993":299,"1994":1664,"1995":763,"1996":1665,"1997":1665,"1998":473,"1999":541,"2000":1666,"2001":1667,"2002":1668,"2003":1666,"2004":1669,"2005":1667,"2006":379,"2007":1670,"2008":1669,"2009":1671,"2010":1671,"2011":1374,"2012":315,"2013":379,"2014":299,"2015":763,"2016":379,"2017":1665,"2018":1665,"2019":1374,"2020":541,"2021":315,"2022":299,"2023":473,"2024":763,"2025":541,"2026":270},8,11,15,10,17,13,12,9,"1988-07-01","2026-07-23T19:31:07.558+00:00",[67,91],{"id":1676,"createTime":1677,"updateTime":1678,"relativeEntities":1679,"slug":1680,"properties":1681,"entityType":115,"verifyStatus":251,"verifyTime":1692,"verifyNote":253,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1693,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1694,"publicationType":179,"publisherRelationship":1738,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1788,"publishDate":1791,"publishYear":1789,"citationAnalyzeStatus":384,"lastCitationAnalyze":1678,"indexDatabases":1792,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":233},"469ca667-698c-4ef3-808f-d0320bbddcd4","2024-01-03T17:15:49.218+00:00","2026-07-23T03:48:45.084+00:00",[],"An-Ice-Age-Refugium-for-Large-Mammals-in-the-Alexander-Archipelago-Southeastern-Alaska",{"abstract":1682,"title":1684,"gsPaper":1686,"references":1688,"doi":1690},{"EN":1683},"\u003Cjats:p>Genetic and paleontological evidence are combining to provide a new and surprising picture of mammalian biogeography in southeastern Alaska. Prior to our study, the brown and black bears of the Alexander Archipelago were considered postglacial immigrants that never had overlapping ranges. Vertebrate fossils from caves on Prince of Wales Island now demonstrate that brown and black bears coexisted there (and even inhabited the same caves) both before and after the last glaciation. Differences in mtDNA sequences suggest that living brown bears of the Alexander Archipelago comprise a distinct clade and are more closely related to polar bears than to their mainland conspecifics. We conclude that brown bears, and perhaps other large mammals, have continuously inhabited the archipelago for at least 40,000 yr and that habitable refugia were therefore available throughout the last glaciation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1685},"An Ice Age Refugium for Large Mammals in the Alexander Archipelago, Southeastern Alaska",{"VOID":1687},"[\"1548049540388337511\"]",{"VOID":1689},"Graham, 1991, Variability in the size of North American Quaternary black bears (Ursus americanus) with the description of a fossil black bear from Bill Neff Cave, Virginia., Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers, 23, 237\n10.1007\u002FBF01731581\n10.1139\u002Fb90-139\nHeaton, 1994, Variation in fossil and modern Ursus arctos from alaska (abstract)., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14, 28A\n10.1016\u002F0033-5894(85)90077-8\nHeaton, 1995a, Middle Wisconsin bear and rodent remains discovered on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska., Current Research in the Pleistocene, 12, 92\nHeaton, 1995b, Interpretation of d13C values from vertebrate remains of the Alexander Archipelago, southeast Alaska., Current Research in the Pleistocene, 12, 95\nKurtén, 1968, “Pleistocene Mammals of Europe.“\nCowan, 1989, Birds and mammals on the Queen Charlotte Islands., The Outer Shores“, 175\nHeaton, 1993, Fossil grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, offer new insights into animal dispersal, interspecific competition, and age of deglaciation., Current Research in the Pleistocene, 10, 98\nBanfield, 1961, A revision of the reindeer and caribou, genus, Rangifer. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, 177, 1\nHeaton, 1995, The 1994 excavation of a Quaternary vertebrate fossil deposit from Bumper Cave, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska., Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 27, 57\nFladmark, 1983, Times and places: environmental correlates of mid-to-late Wisconsin human population expansion in North America., Early Man in the New World“, 13\nDixon, 1993, “Quest for the Origin of the First Americans.“\nTaberlet, 1992, Genetique de l'ours brun des Pyrenees (Ursus arctos): premiers resultats., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 314, 15\nKurtén, 1964, The evolution of the polar bear, Ursus maritimus Phipps, Acta Zoologica Fennica, 108, 1\nPrest, 1969, Retreat of Wisconsin and Recent ice in North America., Geological Survey of Canada Map 1257A.\n10.1111\u002Fj.1095-8312.1985.tb02048.x\nMustoe, 1995, A late Pleistocene brown bear (Ursus arctos) from northwest Washington., Northwest Science, 69, 106\n10.1006\u002Fmpev.1996.0044\n10.2307\u002F2845543\n10.2307\u002F2845322\n10.14430\u002Farctic3446\nHeaton, 1996b, The Late Wisconsin vertebrate fauna of On Your Knees Cave, northern Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska (abstract)., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16, 40A\nFry, 1984, d13C measurements as indicators of carbon flow in marine and freshwater ecosystems., Contributions in Science, 27, 13\nHall, 1981, “The Mammals of North America.“\n10.2307\u002F279189\n10.1098\u002Frstb.1986.0011\n10.1139\u002Fz91-421\nHeaton, 1996a, The fossil gold mine in the caves of southeast Alaska., National Speleological Society News, 54, 172\nHeaton, 1995c, Colonization of southeast Alaska by Ursus arctos prior to the peak of Wisconsin glaciation (abstract)., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15, 34A\nHeaton, 1992a, Preliminary report on the fossil bears of El Capitan Cave, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska., Current Research in the Pleistocene, 9, 97\n10.1016\u002F0277-3791(95)00016-I\nGruhn, 1994, The Pacific Coast route of initial entry: an overview., 249\nWaits, 1996, Mitochondrial phylogeography in brown bears (Ursus arctos) and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations., Proceedings of the National Academy of Science\nHeusser, 1960, “Late Pleistocene environments of north Pacific North America.“ Special Publication of the American Geographical Society, 35\n10.2307\u002F2803034\nCowan, 1965, “The Mammals of British Columbia.“ British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook 11, 3rd ed.\nNasmith, 1970, Pleistocene geology of the Queen Charlotte Islands and southern British Columbia., Early Man and Environments in Northwestern North America“, \u002F1\nKurtén, 1980, “Pleistocene Mammals of North America.“\n10.1016\u002F0031-0182(94)90095-7\nRausch, 1969, Origin of the Terrestrial Mammalian Fauna of the Kodiak Archipelago. In “The Kodiak Island Refugium: its Geology, Flora, Fauna and History“, 216\nHeaton, 1992b, Two species of bear found in late Pleistocene\u002Fearly Holocene den in El Capitan Cave, Prince of Wales Island, southern Alaska coast (abstract)., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 12, 32A\n10.1111\u002Fj.1558-5646.1991.tb05279.x",{"VOID":1691},"10.1006\u002Fqres.1996.0058","2024-05-10T05:53:21.053+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0033589496900587",[1695,1710,1725],{"id":1696,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1697,"affiliations":1698,"properties":1707,"displayName":1709,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"0daae65f-bfbb-4bb5-bebc-c499647c32a1",[125],[1699],{"id":1700,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1701,"properties":18},"6a002348-c0ec-491f-8938-cdcf8f928c25",{"id":1700,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1702,"slug":18,"properties":1703,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1706,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1704},{"VI":1705},"Department of Earth Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, 57069",[],{"title":1708},{"VI":1709},"Timothy H. 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