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The status quo system (SQ) consisted of barley underseeded with red clover followed by potato (2-year). The soil-conserving system (SC) featured an additional year of forage grass and reduced tillage (3-year, barley\u002Ftimothy–timothy–potato). The soil-improving system (SI) added yearly compost amendments to the SC rotation, and the disease-suppressive system (DS) featured diverse crops with known disease-suppressive capability (3-year, mustard\u002Frapeseed–sudangrass\u002Frye–potato). Each system was also compared with a continuous potato control (PP) and evaluated under both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Data collected over three potato seasons following full rotation cycles demonstrated that all rotations reduced stem canker (10 to 50%) relative to PP. The SQ, SC, and DS systems reduced black scurf (18 to 58%) relative to PP; SI reduced scurf under nonirrigated but not irrigated conditions; and scurf was lower in DS than all other systems. The SQ, SC, and DS systems also reduced common scab (15 to 45%), and scab was lower in DS than all other systems. Irrigation increased black scurf and common scab but also resulted in higher yields for most rotations. SI produced the highest yields under nonirrigated conditions, and DS produced high yields and low disease under both irrigation regimes. Each cropping system resulted in distinctive changes in soil microbial community characteristics as represented by microbial populations, substrate utilization, and fatty acid methyl-ester (FAME) profiles. SI tended to increase soil moisture, microbial populations, and activity, as well result in higher proportions of monounsaturated FAMEs and the FAME biomarker for mycorrhizae (16:1 ω6c) relative to most other rotations. DS resulted in moderate microbial populations and activity but higher substrate richness and diversity in substrate utilization profiles. DS also resulted in relatively higher proportions of FAME biomarkers for fungi (18:2 ω6c), actinomycetes, and gram-positive bacteria than most other systems, whereas PP resulted in the lowest microbial populations and activity; substrate richness and diversity; proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAME classes; and fungal, mycorrhizae, and actinomycete FAME biomarkers of all cropping systems. Overall, soil water, soil quality, and soilborne diseases were all important factors affecting productivity, and cropping systems addressing these constraints improved production. Cropping system approaches will need to balance these factors to achieve sustainable production and disease management. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":464},"Effects of Different Potato Cropping System Approaches and Water Management on Soilborne Diseases and Soil Microbial Communities",{"VOID":466},"20839965",{"VOID":468},"10.1094\u002Fphyto-04-10-0100",[181],"https:\u002F\u002Fapsjournals.apsnet.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1094\u002FPHYTO-04-10-0100",[472,483,504,513,524,535],{"id":473,"sortIndex":288,"researcher":23,"roles":474,"affiliations":475,"properties":476},"53c6f0a1-853f-450d-91ad-836aaf71fd39",[],[],{"openalex":477,"orcid":479,"title":481},{"VOID":478},"A5001365651",{"VOID":480},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-3507-5013",{"EN":482},"Zhongqi He",{"id":484,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":485,"affiliations":486,"properties":497},"24ae8c8c-22b2-4d76-b956-89da01c6aa5a",[],[487],{"id":488,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":489,"properties":23},"353a1293-e329-42a8-8c5b-1058caaf06cf",{"id":490,"createTime":491,"updateTime":491,"relativeEntities":492,"slug":493,"properties":494,"entityType":52,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"e4e30dad-3d02-42a8-8cd9-4f511cb6dbe5","2024-09-02T23:05:45.593+00:00",[],"United-States-Department-of-Agriculture-Agricultural-Research-Service-New-England-Plant-Soil-and-Water-Laboratory-Orono-ME-04469-USA-Bob-Larkin-ars-usda-gov",{"title":495},{"EN":496},"United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, New England Plant, Soil, and Water Laboratory, Orono, ME 04469, USA. 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To investigate the influence of light on plant and pathogen interaction, we challenged tomato seedlings with Pseudomonas cichorii JBC1 by flood inoculation and incubated the seedlings under different light conditions. Tomato seedlings exposed to green or red light showed a significant reduction in disease incidence compared with those grown under white light or dark conditions. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of each light wavelength on P. cichorii JBC1 and tomato plants. Treatment with various light wavelengths at 120 µmol m\u003Cjats:sup>–2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>s\u003Cjats:sup>–1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>revealed no significant difference in growth, swarming motility, or biofilm formation of the pathogen. In addition, when we vacuum-infiltrated P. cichorii JBC1 into tomato plants, green and red light also suppressed disease incidence which indicated that the reduced disease severity was not from direct influence of light on the pathogen. Significant upregulation of the defense-related genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis-related protein 1a (PR-1a) was observed in P. cichorii JBC1-infected tomato seedlings grown under green or red light compared with seedlings grown under white light or dark conditions. The results of this study indicate that light conditions can influence plant defense mechanisms. In particular, green and red light increase the resistance of tomato plants to infection by P. cichorii.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":829},"Green and Red Light Reduces the Disease Severity by\u003Ci>Pseudomonas cichorii\u003C\u002Fi>JBC1 in Tomato Plants via Upregulation of Defense-Related Gene Expression",{"VOID":831},"25536016",{"VOID":833},"10.1094\u002Fphyto-04-14-0108-r","VERIFIED","2024-10-11T22:48:30.687+00:00","Auto 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author: Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, 194-5 Ma-Dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-752, Republic of Korea; and second author: Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, and Plant Medical Research Center, Chonbuk National University 194-5 Ma-Dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-752, Republic of Korea.",{"id":855,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":856,"properties":23},"67a91844-517f-4322-a9c3-859a3be08c29",{"id":857,"createTime":858,"updateTime":858,"relativeEntities":859,"slug":860,"properties":861,"entityType":52,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"6322de46-7bd0-4551-9dda-8f809c1ed9b8","2024-10-11T22:48:30.719+00:00",[],"Division-of-Biotechnology-Chonbuk-National-University-194-5-Ma-Dong-Iksan-Jeonbuk-570-752-Republic-of-Korea-",{"title":862},{"EN":863},"Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, 194-5 Ma-Dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-752, Republic of 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Recently, however, individual nivalenol (NIV)-type isolates from the United States were described that belonged to either the newly described species F. gerlachii or the genetically distinct Gulf Coast population of F. graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.). Here, we describe the discovery of NIV-type F. graminearum s.s. populations that were found in high proportion (79%) among isolates from small-grain-growing regions of Louisiana. We genotyped 237 isolates from Louisiana with newly developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism markers and multiplex PCR primers that distinguish among the three trichothecene types: the two DON types (15ADON and 3ADON) and NIV. These isolates were compared with 297 isolates from 11 other U.S. states, predominantly from the Midwest. Using Bayesian-model-based clustering, we discovered a southern Louisiana population of F. graminearum s.s. that was genetically distinct from the previously recognized pathogen population in the Midwest (MW15ADON population). Population membership was correlated with trichothecene type. Most isolates from the southern Louisiana population were of the NIV type, while the majority of the isolates from the Midwest were of the 15ADON type. A smaller proportion of isolates from Louisiana belonged to the previously described Gulf Coast population that was mostly of the 3ADON type. The NIV type was also identified in collections from Arkansas (12%), North Carolina (40%), and Missouri (2%), with the collections from Arkansas and North Carolina being small and unrepresentative. F. asiaticum was detected from the two southern Louisiana parishes Acadia and Alexandria. All identified 41 F. asiaticum isolates were of the NIV type. Greenhouse tests indicated that U.S. NIV types accumulated four times less trichothecene toxin than DON types on inoculated wheat. 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However, limited studies have been conducted on the trichothecene profiles and population genetic structure of G. zeae isolates collected from barley in the United States. Trichothecene biosynthesis gene (TRI)-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and 10 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers were used to determine the genetic diversity and compare the trichothecene profiles of an older population (n = 115 isolates) of G. zeae collected in 1997 to 2000 with a newer population (n = 147 isolates) collected in 2008. Samples were from across the major barley-growing regions in North Dakota and Minnesota. The results of TRI-based PCR assays were further validated using a subset of 32 and 28 isolates of G. zeae by sequence analysis and gas chromatography, respectively. TRI-based PCR assays revealed that all the G. zeae isolates in both populations had markers for deoxynivalenol (DON), and the frequencies of isolates with a 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) marker in the newer population were ≈11-fold higher than those among isolates in the older population. G. zeae populations from barley in the Midwest of the United States showed no spatial structure, and all the isolates were solidly in clade 7 of G. zeae, which is quite different from other barley-growing areas of world, where multiple species of G. zeae are commonly found in close proximity and display spatial structure. VNTR analysis showed high gene diversity (H = 0.82 to 0.83) and genotypic diversity but low linkage disequilibrium (LD = 0.02 to 0.07) in both populations. Low genetic differentiation (F\u003Cjats:sub>ST\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> = 0.013) and high gene flow (Nm = 36.84) was observed between the two populations and among subpopulations within the same population (Nm = 12.77 to 29.97), suggesting that temporal and spatial variations had little influence on population differentiation in the Upper Midwest. Similarly, low F\u003Cjats:sub>ST\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> (0.02) was observed between 3-ADON and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol populations, indicating minor influence of the chemotype of G. zeae isolates on population subdivision, although there was a rapid increase in the frequencies of isolates with the 3-ADON marker in the Upper Midwest between the older collection made in 1997 to 2000 and the newer collection made in 2008. 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Leonard and W. R. Bushnell, eds. The American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN.",{},{"id":23,"text":1749,"url":23,"identifiers":1750},"Shi, J., Ward, R., Wang, D., and Lewis, J. 2001. Application of a high throughput, low cost, non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel system for wheat microsatellite mapping. Pages 25-30 in: National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Erlanger, KY. M. Canty, J. Lewis, L. Silver, and R. W. Ward, eds. Kinko's Publisher, Okemos, MI.",{},{"id":23,"text":1752,"url":23,"identifiers":1753},"10.1080\u002F07060668509501519",{"doi":1752},{"id":23,"text":1755,"url":23,"identifiers":1756},"Staden, R. 1994. The Staden package. Pages 9-170 in: Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 25. A. M. Griffin, and H. G. Griffin, eds. Humana Press, Totowa. NJ.",{},{"id":23,"text":1398,"url":23,"identifiers":1758},{"doi":1398},{"id":23,"text":1760,"url":23,"identifiers":1761},"Steffenson, B. J. 2003. Fusarium head blight of barley: Impact, epidemics, management, and strategies for identifying and utilizing genetic resistance. Pages 241-295 in: Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Barley. K. J. Leonard and W. R. Bushnell, eds. The American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN.",{},{"id":23,"text":1401,"url":23,"identifiers":1763},{"doi":1401},{"id":23,"text":1765,"url":23,"identifiers":1766},"Swofford D. L., 2002, Version, 4, b10",{},{"id":23,"text":1768,"url":23,"identifiers":1769},"Tacke B. H., 1996, J. AOAC Int., 79, 472, 10.1093\u002Fjaoac\u002F79.2.472",{"doi":1770},"10.1093\u002Fjaoac\u002F79.2.472",{"id":23,"text":1772,"url":23,"identifiers":1773},"U.S. Dep. Agric. NASS. 2008. 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Most strains belonged to a cohesive genetic population characterized by a 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) trichothecene type. However, using a Bayesian model-based clustering method, we also identified genetically divergent groups of strains in some sampled locations of Minnesota and North Dakota. Strains of the major group of divergent populations were of a 3ADON trichothecene type and formed a distinct cluster with a collection of previously gathered strains from Italy, which displayed all three trichothecene types (15ADON, 3ADON, and nivalenol). The co-existence of genetically divergent populations of F. graminearum s.s. in the Upper Midwest allows for the rejection of the hypothesis that F. graminearum s.s. in the United States consists of a single population. 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Pairwise linkage disequilibrium measures did not unequivocally support a random mating population, because one-third of locus pairs were significantly different from the null hypothesis of no-association between alleles. 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March 15.",{},{"id":23,"text":2551,"url":23,"identifiers":2552},"Anonymous. 1999. Clinton approves farm loans. Associated Press article in: Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). March 16.",{},{"id":23,"text":2554,"url":23,"identifiers":2555},"Anonymous. 1999. Auctions on rise in N.W. Minnesota. Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). July 20.",{},{"id":23,"text":2557,"url":23,"identifiers":2558},"Bakken, R. 1999. Lamb's story: Final family business closes. Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). March 28.",{},{"id":23,"text":2560,"url":23,"identifiers":2561},"Bollesen, R. E., and Swenson, A., eds. 1998. 1997 Red River Valley Report. North Dakota Farm and Ranch Business Management Education and Minnesota Farm Business Management Education. Northland Community and Technical College, Thief River Falls, MN, and North Dakota State Board for Vocational and Technical Education, Bismarck.",{},{"id":23,"text":2563,"url":23,"identifiers":2564},"Bollesen, R. E., and Swenson, A., eds. 1999. 1998 Red River Valley Report. North Dakota Farm and Ranch Business Management Education and Minnesota Farm Business Management Education. Northland Community and Technical College, Thief River Falls, MN, and North Dakota State Board for Vocational and Technical Education, Bismarck.",{},{"id":23,"text":2566,"url":23,"identifiers":2567},"Brashner, P. 1998. Government to fund research on ruinous grain fungus. Associated Press article in: The Forum (Fargo\u002FMoorhead regional newspaper). June 28.",{},{"id":23,"text":2569,"url":23,"identifiers":2570},"Brashner, P. 1999. Farmers address concerns at Capitol. Associated Press article in: Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). March 23.",{},{"id":23,"text":2572,"url":23,"identifiers":2573},"Claiborne, W. 1998. A `stealth' crises hits the Farm Belt. The Washington Post National Weekly Edition. August 30.",{},{"id":23,"text":2575,"url":23,"identifiers":2576},"Coleman, N. 1999. Worn out and getting out. St. Paul Pioneer Press article in: Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). July 3.",{},{"id":23,"text":2578,"url":23,"identifiers":2579},"Copeland, J. 1999. Women bring home more bacon. Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). February 6.",{},{"id":23,"text":2581,"url":23,"identifiers":2582},"Grabinski, R. 1999. Low price expectations for 1999. Agweek. February 8.",{},{"id":23,"text":2584,"url":23,"identifiers":2585},"Kilman, S. 1998. Deregulation yielding pain, upheaval for many U.S. growers. The Wall Street Journal. May 5.",{},{"id":23,"text":1352,"url":23,"identifiers":2587},{"doi":1352},{"id":23,"text":2589,"url":23,"identifiers":2590},"National Agricultural Statistics Service. 1999. United States Department of Agriculture, 1997 Census of Agriculture. Washington, DC",{},{"id":23,"text":2592,"url":23,"identifiers":2593},"National Agricultural Statistics Service. 1993-1999. Annual Reports: Minnesota Agriculture Statistics, Minnesota Office, St. Paul, and North Dakota Agriculture Statistics, North Dakota Office, Fargo. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.",{},{"id":23,"text":2595,"url":23,"identifiers":2596},"Norris, K. 1993. Dakota: A Spiritual Geography. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston.",{},{"id":23,"text":2598,"url":23,"identifiers":2599},"Ottem C., 1998, Proceedings of the Red River Valley Barley Day, 8, 1998",{},{"id":23,"text":2601,"url":23,"identifiers":2602},"Pates, M. 1998. Farm downturn leaves Main Street reeling. The Forum (Fargo\u002FMoorhead regional newspaper). March 3.",{},{"id":23,"text":2604,"url":23,"identifiers":2605},"Pates, M. 1998. Small towns batten down in a farm crises. The Forum (Fargo\u002FMoorhead regional newspaper). August 11.",{},{"id":23,"text":2607,"url":23,"identifiers":2608},"Pates, M. 1999. Beet growers not immune to crises in farm economy. The Forum (Fargo\u002FMoorhead regional newspaper). March 28.",{},{"id":23,"text":2610,"url":23,"identifiers":2611},"Person, H. 1998. Farm Wrap project makes financial planning easier. Transitions: Meeting the Challenge. Fall issue. University of Minnesota Extension Service, St. Paul; Northwest Mental Health Center, Crookston, MN; and Federal Emergency Management Agency, St. Paul, MN.",{},{"id":23,"text":2613,"url":23,"identifiers":2614},"Rustebakke, B. 1998. Both sides meet on ag bill. Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). October 15.",{},{"id":23,"text":2616,"url":23,"identifiers":2617},"Rustebakke, B. 1999. Implement dealers struggle as no. 2 victim in farm crises. Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). March 7.",{},{"id":23,"text":2619,"url":23,"identifiers":2620},"Rustebakke, B., and Bonham, K. 1999. Forced out. Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). March 5.",{},{"id":23,"text":2622,"url":23,"identifiers":2623},"Sandok, M. R. 1998. Weighing their options. Associated Press article in: The Forum (Fargo\u002FMoorhead regional newspaper). June 27.",{},{"id":23,"text":2625,"url":23,"identifiers":2626},"Tahan, R. 1999. Farmers saving money by dropping health insurance. Associated Press article in: Grand Forks Herald (North Dakota). April 4.",{},{"id":23,"text":2628,"url":23,"identifiers":2629},"United States General Accounting Office. 1999. Grain Fungus Creates Financial Distress for North Dakota Barley Producers. Report to the Honorable Byron L. Dorgan, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.",{},{"id":23,"text":2631,"url":23,"identifiers":2632},"von Sternberg, B., and Levison, M. 1999. Ground zero. Minneapolis Star Tribune. April 11.",{},{"id":23,"text":2634,"url":23,"identifiers":2635},"Wood, M., Comis, D., Harden, D., McGraw, L., and Stelljes, K. B. 1999. Fighting Fusarium. Agricultural Research. June issue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.",{},{"id":2637,"createTime":2638,"updateTime":2638,"relativeEntities":2639,"slug":2640,"properties":2641,"entityType":178,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":2638,"verifyNote":179,"syncStatus":22,"languages":2655,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":2656,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":2657,"publicationType":245,"publisherRelationship":2719,"citationCount":2756,"citationInfo":2757,"publishDate":2759,"publishYear":2127,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":23,"openAccess":23,"references":2760,"isForceReanalyzing":449},"60d786ef-50fa-4448-9bfe-66ffe8f67d66","2024-09-26T22:42:45.693+00:00",[],"Genetic-Relationships-Among-Populations-of-i-Gibberella-zeae-i-from-Barley-Wheat-Potato-and-Sugar-Beet-in-the-Upper-Midwest-of-the-United-States",{"mag":2642,"keywords":2644,"openalex":2645,"abstract":2647,"title":2649,"pm":2651,"doi":2653},{"VOID":2643},"2056326057",{},{"VOID":2646},"W2056326057",{"EN":2648},"\u003Cjats:p> Gibberella zeae, a causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and barley, is one of the most economically harmful pathogens of cereals in the United States. In recent years, the known host range of G. zeae has also expanded to noncereal crops. However, there is a lack of information on the population genetic structure of G. zeae associated with noncereal crops and across wheat cultivars. To test the hypothesis that G. zeae populations sampled from barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet in the Upper Midwest of the United States are not mixtures of species or G. zeae clades, we analyzed sequence data of G. zeae, and confirmed that all populations studied were present in the same clade of G. zeae. Ten variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers were used to determine the genetic structure of G. zeae from the four crop populations. To examine the effect of wheat cultivars on the pathogen populations, 227 strains were sampled from 10 subpopulations according to wheat cultivar types. The VNTR markers also were used to analyze the genetic structure of these subpopulations. In all populations, gene (H = 0.453 to 0.612) and genotype diversity (GD = >0.984) were high. There was little or no indication of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in all G. zeae populations and subpopulations. In addition, high gene flow (Nm) values were observed between cereal and noncereal populations (Nm = 10.69) and between FHB resistant and susceptible wheat cultivar subpopulations (Nm = 16.072), suggesting low population differentiation of G. zeae in this region. Analysis of molecular variance also revealed high genetic variation (>80%) among individuals within populations and subpopulations. However, low genetic variation (<5%) was observed between cereal and noncereal populations and between resistant and susceptible wheat subpopulations. Overall, these results suggest that the populations or subpopulations are likely a single large population of G. zeae affecting crops in the upper Midwest of the United States. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2650},"Genetic Relationships Among Populations of \u003Ci>Gibberella zeae\u003C\u002Fi> from Barley, Wheat, Potato, and Sugar Beet in the Upper Midwest of the United States",{"VOID":2652},"18943734",{"VOID":2654},"10.1094\u002Fphyto-98-9-0969",[181],"https:\u002F\u002Fapsjournals.apsnet.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1094\u002FPHYTO-98-9-0969",[2658,2666,2675,2689,2697,2708],{"id":2659,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":2660,"affiliations":2661,"properties":2662},"27922922-3ef7-41a3-a4df-f23fc596afaa",[],[],{"openalex":2663,"orcid":2664,"title":2665},{"VOID":1575},{"VOID":1577},{"EN":1579},{"id":2667,"sortIndex":208,"researcher":23,"roles":2668,"affiliations":2669,"properties":2670},"da20b2a4-ee45-4675-93cf-87c6cd598d74",[],[],{"openalex":2671,"title":2673},{"VOID":2672},"A5019703041",{"EN":2674},"Michael S. 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C., 1891, Purdue Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull., 36, 129",{},{"id":23,"text":1277,"url":23,"identifiers":2774},{"doi":1277},{"id":23,"text":2776,"url":23,"identifiers":2777},"Bilgi, V. N., Bradley, C. A., Ali, S., Khot, S. D., and Rasmussen, J. B. 2007. Reaction of dry bean genotypes to root rot caused by Fusarium graminearum. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 97(suppl.):S10.",{},{"id":23,"text":1657,"url":23,"identifiers":2779},{"doi":1657},{"id":23,"text":2781,"url":23,"identifiers":2782},"10.1094\u002FPDIS-91-9-1155",{"doi":2781},{"id":23,"text":2784,"url":23,"identifiers":2785},"Burlakoti, R. R., Ali, S., Secor, G. A., Neate, S. M., McMullen, M. P., and Adhikari, T. B. 2007. Genetic diversity of F. graminearum populations from cereal and non-cereal hosts. Page 24 in: Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. S. M. Canty, A. Clark, D. Ellis, and D. V. Sanford, eds. University of Kentucky, ASAP Printing Inc., Okemos, MI.",{},{"id":23,"text":1666,"url":23,"identifiers":2787},{"doi":1666},{"id":23,"text":1672,"url":23,"identifiers":2789},{"doi":1672},{"id":23,"text":2791,"url":23,"identifiers":2792},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijfoodmicro.2004.12.026",{"doi":2791},{"id":23,"text":2146,"url":23,"identifiers":2794},{"doi":2146},{"id":23,"text":2796,"url":23,"identifiers":2797},"10.1080\u002F07060669909501196",{"doi":2796},{"id":23,"text":2799,"url":23,"identifiers":2800},"Estrada, R., Jr., Rivera, V. V., and Secor, G. A. 2007. Pathogenicity of Fuarium graminearum to potato, sugar beet and wheat. (Abstr.) Phytoathology 97(suppl.):S160.",{},{"id":23,"text":1675,"url":23,"identifiers":2802},{"doi":1677},{"id":23,"text":1679,"url":23,"identifiers":2804},{"doi":1679},{"id":23,"text":2806,"url":23,"identifiers":2807},"10.2135\u002Fcropsci2005.12.0501",{"doi":2806},{"id":23,"text":1317,"url":23,"identifiers":2809},{"doi":1317},{"id":23,"text":1320,"url":23,"identifiers":2811},{"doi":1320},{"id":23,"text":2813,"url":23,"identifiers":2814},"10.1094\u002FPHYTO-96-1134",{"doi":2813},{"id":23,"text":2816,"url":23,"identifiers":2817},"10.1094\u002FPD-90-0686A",{"doi":2816},{"id":23,"text":1690,"url":23,"identifiers":2819},{},{"id":23,"text":2821,"url":23,"identifiers":2822},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-3059.1954.tb00716.x",{"doi":2821},{"id":23,"text":2824,"url":23,"identifiers":2825},"Liddel, C. M. 2003. Systematics of Fusarium species and Allies associated with Fusarium head blight. Pages 35-43 in: Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Barley. K. J. Leonard and W. R. Bushnell, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.",{},{"id":23,"text":2827,"url":23,"identifiers":2828},"10.1046\u002Fj.1365-294x.1998.00495.x",{"doi":2827},{"id":23,"text":2830,"url":23,"identifiers":2831},"Marasas, W. F. O., Nelson, P. E., and Toussoun, T. A. 1984. Toxigenic Fusarium species: Identity and Mycotoxicology. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park.",{},{"id":23,"text":1693,"url":23,"identifiers":2833},{"doi":1693},{"id":23,"text":2835,"url":23,"identifiers":2836},"10.1146\u002Fannurev.py.31.090193.002033",{"doi":2835},{"id":23,"text":1696,"url":23,"identifiers":2838},{"doi":1696},{"id":23,"text":1352,"url":23,"identifiers":2840},{"doi":1352},{"id":23,"text":2842,"url":23,"identifiers":2843},"Mergoum, M., Frohberg, R. C., and Stack, R. W. 2007. Breeding hard red spring wheat for Fusarium head blight resistance, successes and challenges. Pages 161-167 in: Wheat Production in Stressed Environents, vol. 12. H. T. Buck, J. E. Nisi, and N. Salomón, eds. Springer, Netherlands.",{"doi":2844},"10.1007\u002F1-4020-5497-1_21",{"id":23,"text":2846,"url":23,"identifiers":2847},"10.1046\u002Fj.1439-0523.1999.118002097.x",{"doi":2846},{"id":23,"text":1707,"url":23,"identifiers":2849},{"doi":1707},{"id":23,"text":2406,"url":23,"identifiers":2851},{"doi":2406},{"id":23,"text":2853,"url":23,"identifiers":2854},"10.1094\u002FPhyto-85-155",{"doi":2853},{"id":23,"text":1712,"url":23,"identifiers":2856},{"doi":1712},{"id":23,"text":1715,"url":23,"identifiers":2858},{"doi":1715},{"id":23,"text":1718,"url":23,"identifiers":2860},{},{"id":23,"text":2862,"url":23,"identifiers":2863},"Nelson, P. E., Toussoun, T. A., and Marasas, W. F. O. 1983. Fusarium species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania.",{},{"id":23,"text":1368,"url":23,"identifiers":2865},{"doi":1368},{"id":23,"text":2867,"url":23,"identifiers":2868},"Nicholas K. B., 1997, Embnew. News, 4, 14",{},{"id":23,"text":1724,"url":23,"identifiers":2870},{"doi":1724},{"id":23,"text":1371,"url":23,"identifiers":2872},{"doi":1371},{"id":23,"text":1377,"url":23,"identifiers":2874},{"doi":1377},{"id":23,"text":1731,"url":23,"identifiers":2876},{"doi":1731},{"id":23,"text":1734,"url":23,"identifiers":2878},{"doi":1734},{"id":23,"text":2880,"url":23,"identifiers":2881},"Ransom, J. K., Sorenson, B., and Mergoum, M. 2006. North Dakota hard red spring wheat variety trial results for 2006 and selection guide. NDSU Extension Service, NDSU. A-574 (revised).",{},{"id":23,"text":1740,"url":23,"identifiers":2883},{"doi":1740},{"id":23,"text":2885,"url":23,"identifiers":2886},"Shi, J., Ward, R., Wang, D., and Lewis, J. 2001. Application of a high throughput, low cost, non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel system for wheat microsatellite mapping. Pages 25-30 in: National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. M. Canty, J. Lewis, L. Silver, and R. W. Ward, eds. Kinko's Publisher, Okemos, MI.",{},{"id":23,"text":2888,"url":23,"identifiers":2889},"10.1126\u002Fscience.3576198",{"doi":2888},{"id":23,"text":1752,"url":23,"identifiers":2891},{"doi":1752},{"id":23,"text":2893,"url":23,"identifiers":2894},"Staden, R. 1994. The Staden package. Pages 9-170 in: Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 25. A. M. Griffin and H. G. Griffin, eds. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.",{},{"id":23,"text":1401,"url":23,"identifiers":2896},{"doi":1401},{"id":23,"text":2898,"url":23,"identifiers":2899},"Swofford, D. L. 2002. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods) Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.",{},{"id":23,"text":2901,"url":23,"identifiers":2902},"U.S. Dep. Agric.NAAS. 2007. North Dakota 2007 Wheat Varieties, June 2007 Report. National Agricultural Statistics Service, North Dakota Field Office, Fargo, ND.",{},{"id":23,"text":2904,"url":23,"identifiers":2905},"Vanderplank, J. E. 1968. Disease Resistance in Plants. Academic Press, New York.",{},{"id":23,"text":1413,"url":23,"identifiers":2907},{"doi":1413},{"id":23,"text":2909,"url":23,"identifiers":2910},"10.1094\u002FPDIS.2000.84.8.877",{"doi":2909},{"id":23,"text":2912,"url":23,"identifiers":2913},"Yeh, F. C., Yang, R.C., Boyle, T. B. J., Ye, Z.H., and Mao, J. X. 1997. POPGENE, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Alberta, Canada.",{},{"id":23,"text":1437,"url":23,"identifiers":2915},{"doi":1437}]