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An experimental study in the dog, Am I Sports Med, 11, 131, 10.1177\u002F036354658301100305\nArnoczky, 1988, Meniscal repair using an exogenous fibrin clot. An experimental study in dogs, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 70, 1209, 10.2106\u002F00004623-198870080-00012\nBaratz, 1986, Meniscal tears: The effect of meniscectomy and of repair on intrarticular contact areas and stress in the human knee. A preliminary report, Am J Sports Med, 14, 270, 10.1177\u002F036354658601400405\nBarber, 1994, Accelerated rehabilitation for meniscus repairs, Arthroscopy, 10, 206, 10.1016\u002FS0749-8063(05)80095-7\nBarber, 1997, Meniscus repair rehabilitation with concurrent anterior cruciate reconstruction, Arthroscopy, 13, 433, 10.1016\u002FS0749-8063(97)90120-1\nBargar, 1980, In vivo stability testing of post-meniscectomy knees, Clin Orthop, 150, 247, 10.1097\u002F00003086-198007000-00042\nBarrett, 1998, Clinical results of meniscus repair in patients 40 years and older, Arthroscopy, 14, 824, 10.1016\u002FS0749-8063(98)70018-0\nBeizer, 1993, Meniscus tears: Treatment in the stable and unstable knee, J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 1, 41, 10.5435\u002F00124635-199309000-00006\nBoe, 1986, Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in patients aged over 50, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 68, 707, 10.1302\u002F0301-620X.68B5.3782228\nBonamo, 1992, Arthroscopic meniscectomy in patients over the age of 40, Am J Sports Med, 20, 422M28, 10.1177\u002F036354659202000410\nCannon, 1992, The incidence of healing in arthroscopic meniscal repairs in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees versus stable knees, Am J Sports Med, 20, 176, 10.1177\u002F036354659202000214\nDeHaven, 1990, Decision-making factors in the treatment of meniscus lesions, Clin Orthop, 252, 49, 10.1097\u002F00003086-199003000-00007\nDeHaven, 1999, Meniscus repair, Am J Sports Med, 27, 242, 10.1177\u002F03635465990270022301\nDeHaven, 1989, Open meniscus repair. Technique and two to nine year results, Am J Sports Med, 17, 788, 10.1177\u002F036354658901700612\nDeHaven, 1997, Arthroscopic medial meniscal repair in the athlete, Clin Sports Med, 16, 69, 10.1016\u002FS0278-5919(05)70008-9\nDeHaven, 1995, Long-term results of open meniscal repair, Am J Sports Med, 23, 524, 10.1177\u002F036354659502300502\nEkstrom, 1990, Arthrography. Where does it fit in?, Clin Sports Med, 9, 561, 10.1016\u002FS0278-5919(20)30707-9\nFairbank, 1948, Knee joint changes after menisectomy, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 30, 664, 10.1302\u002F0301-620X.30B4.664\nFitzgibbons, 1995, \"Aggressive\" nontreatment of lateral meniscal tears seen during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Am J Sports Med, 23, 156, 10.1177\u002F036354659502300205\nFukubayashi, 1980, The contact area and pressure distribution pattern of the knee. A study of normal and osteoarthrotic knee joints, Acta Orthop Scand, 51, 871, 10.3109\u002F17453678008990887\nHenning, 1990, Arthroscopic meniscal repair using an exogenous fibrin clot, Clin Orthop, 252, 64, 10.1097\u002F00003086-199003000-00009\nJohnson, 1974, Factors effecting late results after meniscectomy, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 56, 719, 10.2106\u002F00004623-197456040-00007\nKatz, 1992, Predictors of functional outcomes after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, J Rheumatol, 19, 1938\nKeene, 1993, The natural history of meniscal tears in anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency, Am J Sports Med, 21, 672, 10.1177\u002F036354659302100506\nKrause, 1976, Mechanical changes in the knee after meniscectomy, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 58, 599, 10.2106\u002F00004623-197658050-00003\nLevy, 1989, The effect of lateral meniscectomy on motion of the knee, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 71, 401, 10.2106\u002F00004623-198971030-00014\nLevy, 1982, The effect of medial meniscectomy on anterior-posterior motion of the knee, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 64, 883, 10.2106\u002F00004623-198264060-00011\nMaitra, 1999, Meniscal reconstruction. Part I Indications, techniques, and graft considerations, Am J Orthop, 28, 213\nMarkolf, 1976, Stiffness and laxity of the knee—The contributions of the supporting structures. A quantitative in vitro study, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 58, 583, 10.2106\u002F00004623-197658050-00001\nMiller, 1995, Meniscal repair. An experimental study in the goat, Am J Sports Med, 23, 124, 10.1177\u002F036354659502300121\nMink, 1988, Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci of the knee: MR imaging evaluation, Radiology, 167, 769, 10.1148\u002Fradiology.167.3.3363138\nMorgan, 1991, Arthroscopic meniscal repair evaluated by second-look arthroscopy, Am J Sports Med, 19, 632, 10.1177\u002F036354659101900614\nNewman, 1989, Mechanics of the healed meniscus in a canine model, Am J Sports Med, 17, 164, 10.1177\u002F036354658901700205\nNewman, 1993, Principles and decision making in meniscal surgery, Arthroscopy, 9, 33, 10.1016\u002FS0749-8063(05)80342-1\nOrfaly, 1998, The fate of meniscal tears after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Clin J Sport Med, 8, 102, 10.1097\u002F00042752-199804000-00007\nPotter, 1998, Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in the knee. An evaluation with use of fast-spin-echo imaging, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 80, 1276, 10.2106\u002F00004623-199809000-00005\nRand, 1985, Arthroscopic management of degenerative meniscus tears in patients with degenerative arthritis, Arthroscopy, 1, 253, 10.1016\u002FS0749-8063(85)80093-1\nReicher, 1986, Meniscal injuries: Detection using MR imaging, Radiology, 159, 753, 10.1148\u002Fradiology.159.3.3754645\nRispoli, 1999, Options in meniscal repair, Clin Sports Med, 18, 77, 10.1016\u002FS0278-5919(05)70131-9\nRodeo, 1993, Meniscal repair using an exogenous fibrin clot, Techniques in Orthopaedics, 8, 113, 10.1097\u002F00013611-199300820-00010\nRosenberg, 1988, The forty-five-degree posteroanterior flexion weight-bearing radiograph of the knee, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 70, 1479, 10.2106\u002F00004623-198870100-00006\nScott, 1986, Combined posterior incision and arthroscopic intra-articular repair of the meniscus. An examination of factors affecting healing, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 68, 847, 10.2106\u002F00004623-198668060-00006\nShelbourne, 1996, Rehabilitation after meniscal repair, Clin Sports Med, 15, 595, 10.1016\u002FS0278-5919(20)30114-9\nStone, 1996, Meniscus replacement, Clin Sports Med, 15, 557, 10.1016\u002FS0278-5919(20)30112-5\nTapper, 1969, Late results after meniscectomy, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 51, 517, 10.2106\u002F00004623-196951030-00009\nTenuta, 1994, Arthroscopic evaluation of meniscal repairs. Factors that effect healing, Am J Sports Med, 22, 797, 10.1177\u002F036354659402200611\nvan Trommel, 1998, Arthroscopic meniscal repair with fibrin clot of complete radial tears of the lateral meniscus in the avascular zone, Arthroscopy, 14, 360, 10.1016\u002FS0749-8063(98)70002-7\nWalker, 1975, The role of the menisci in force transmission across the knee, Clin Orthop, 109, 184, 10.1097\u002F00003086-197506000-00027\nWarren RF: Meniscectomy and repair in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient patient. 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Proverb Interpretation Test, psychological test specialists, 1956. [out of print].\nWechsler, 1987\nTrahan, 1988\nMeyers, 1995\nBenton AL, Hamsher K.de S, Varney NR, et al. Contributions to neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford University Press; 1983.\nWechsler, 1981\nJackson, 1998\nGreen P. Manual for the Story Recall Test (ACT) (1983, revised 1996) Green's Publishing, Edmonton (Canada).\nGreen P. Manual for the Emotional Perception Test (1986, revised 1997), Green's Publishing, Edmonton (Canada).\nGreen, 2001, Effects of injury severity and cognitive exaggeration on olfactory deficits in head injury compensation claims, NeuroRehabilitation, 16, 237, 10.3233\u002FNRE-2001-16408\nGreen, 2003, Relationships between olfactory discrimination and head injury severity, Brain Inj, 17, 479, 10.1080\u002F0269905031000070242\nSuhr, 2005, Further exploration of the effect of “diagnosis threat” on cognitive performance in individuals with mild head injury, J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 11, 23, 10.1017\u002FS1355617705050010\nGorissen, 2005, Effort and cognition in schizophrenia patients, Schizophr Res, 78, 199, 10.1016\u002Fj.schres.2005.02.016\nSchmand, 1998, Cognitive complaints in patients after whiplash injury: the impact of malingering, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 64, 339, 10.1136\u002Fjnnp.64.3.339\nConder, 1992\nBrockhaus, 2004, “Neuropsychologische Diagnostik suboptimalen Leistungsverhaltens mit dem Word Memory Test”, Nervenarzt, 75, 882, 10.1007\u002Fs00115-003-1592-4\nGreen, 2002, The Word Memory Test and the validity of neuropsychological test scores, Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 2, 97, 10.1300\u002FJ151v02n03_05\nGreen, 2003, Word Memory Test performance in children, Child Neuropsychol, 19, 189, 10.1076\u002Fchin.9.3.189.16460\nGreen, 1999, Detecting malingering in head injury litigation with the Word Memory Test, Brain Inj, 13, 813, 10.1080\u002F026990599121205\nIverson, 1999, Using the Word Memory Test to detect biased responding in head injury litigation, The Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 17, 4\nTan, 2002, How'd they do it? Malingering strategies on symptom validity tests, Clin Neuropsychol, 16, 495, 10.1076\u002Fclin.16.4.495.13909\nBrockhaus R, Peker Ö, Fritze E. Testing effort in Turkish-speaking subjects: validation of a translation of the Word Memory Test (WMT). Poster Presented at the Annual Convention of Gesellschaft der Neuropsychologie in Berlin. 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1989, Epidural spinal cord stimulation in the management of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Stereotact Funct Neurosurg, 53, 29, 10.1159\u002F000099515\nBen-Eliyahu, 1992, Infared thermographic imaging in the detection of sympathetic dysfunction in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, J Man Physiol Ther, 15, 164\nBrosetta, 1982, Chronic epidural dorsal column stimulation in the treatment of causalgic pain, Appl Neurophysiol, 45, 190\nBruyns, 1991, Possible inadvertant subdural block after attempted stellate ganglion blockade, Anesthesia, 46, 747, 10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2044.1991.tb09771.x\nCarron, 1975, Stellate ganglion block, Anesth Analg, 54, 567, 10.1213\u002F00000539-197509000-00002\nCarron, 1974, Treatment of post-traumatic sympathetic dystrophy, Adv Neurol, 4, 485\nCharlton, 1991, Management of sympathetic pain, Br Med Bull, 47, 601, 10.1093\u002Foxfordjournals.bmb.a072495\nCurrey, 1991, Treatment for herpes zoster ophthalmicus: Stellate ganglion block as treatment for acute pain and prevention of postherpetic neuralgia, Ann Ophthalmol, 23, 188\nDavidoff, 1989, Predictive value of the three-phase technetium bone scan in diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 70, 135\nDeGood, 1993, A psychosocial and behavioral comparison of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, low back pain, and headache patients, Pain, 54, 317, 10.1016\u002F0304-3959(93)90031-J\nDemangeat, 1988, Three-phase bone scanning in reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the hand, J Nucl Med, 29, 26\nDemun, 1993, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy after minor electric shock, J Emerg Med, 11, 393, 10.1016\u002F0736-4679(93)90240-8\nDerbekyan, 1993, Pancoast tumor as a cause of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, J Nucl Med, 34, 1992\nDotson, 1993, Causalgia-reflex sympathetic dystrophy-sympathetically maintained pain: Myth and reality, Muscle Nerve, 16, 1049, 10.1002\u002Fmus.880161008\nDoury, 1988, Algodystrophy. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, Clin Rheum, 7, 173, 10.1007\u002FBF02204451\nDuncan, 1988, Treatment of upper extremity reflex sympathetic dystrophy with joint stiffness using sympatholytic bier blocks and manipulation, Orthopedics, 11, 883, 10.3928\u002F0147-7447-19880601-07\nFeldman, 1991, Thermography of the hand and wrist: Practical applications, Hand Clin, 7, 99, 10.1016\u002FS0749-0712(21)01313-5\nFord, 1988, The treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy with regional bretylium, Anesthesiology, 68, 137, 10.1097\u002F00000542-198801000-00025\nGaler, 1991, Bilateral burning foot pain: Monitoring of pain, sensation, and autonomic function during successful treatment with sympathetic blockade, J Pain Symptom Manage, 6, 92, 10.1016\u002F0885-3924(91)90523-7\nGertzen, 1994, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Early treatment and psychological aspects, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 75, 442, 10.1016\u002F0003-9993(94)90169-4\nGray, 1985, The peripheral nervous system, 1149\nGreen, 1987, Neurothermography, Semin Neurol, 7, 313, 10.1055\u002Fs-2008-1041432\nGriffiths, 1988, Juxta-articular erosions in reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Acta Radiol, 29, 183, 10.1177\u002F028418518802900209\nGuntamukkala, 1991, Spread of injectate after stellate ganglion block in man: An anatomical study, Br J Anesth, 66, 643, 10.1093\u002Fbja\u002F66.6.643\nHardy, 1989, Contact thermography in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and other facial pains, Br J Neurosurg, 3, 399, 10.3109\u002F02688698909002822\nHatangi, 1985, Lumbar sympathectomy: A single needle technique, Br J Anesth, 57, 285, 10.1093\u002Fbja\u002F57.3.285\nHeerschap, 1993, Metabolic changes in reflex sympathetic dystrophy: A 31P NMR spectroscopy study, Muscle Nerve, 16, 367, 10.1002\u002Fmus.880160405\nHobelmann, 1989, Use of prolonged sympathetic blockade as an adjunct to surgery in the patient with sympathetic maintained pain, Microsurgery, 10, 151, 10.1002\u002Fmicr.1920100219\nHodges, 1988, Burning and pain after injury, Postgrad Med, 83, 185, 10.1080\u002F00325481.1988.11700147\nHollinshead, 1974, The nervous system, 37\nHord, 1992, Intravenous regional bretylium and lidocaine for treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: A randomized double-blind study, Regional Anesth Analg, 74, 818\nJeracitano, 1992, Abnormal temperature control suggesting sympathetic dysfunction in the shoulder skin of patients with frozen shoulder, Br J Rheumatol, 31, 539, 10.1093\u002Frheumatology\u002F31.8.539\nKline, 1992, Techniques for radiofrequency lesion of the lumbar sympathetic chain and ganglia, 72\nKline, 1993, Segmental reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Clinical and scintigraphic criteria, J Hand Surg, 18, 853, 10.1016\u002F0363-5023(93)90053-6\nKozin, 1981, Bone scintigraphy in the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, Radiology, 138, 437, 10.1148\u002Fradiology.138.2.7455127\nLightman, 1987, Thermography in childhood reflex sympathetic dystrophy, J Pediatr, 111, 551, 10.1016\u002FS0022-3476(87)80119-1\nLofstrom, 1988, Sympathetic neural blockade of upper and lower extremity, 461\nMalmquist, 1992, Efficacy of stellate ganglion block: A clinical study with bupivicaine, Reg Anesth, 17, 340\nMandel, 1990, Sympathetic dystrophies: Recognizing and managing a puzzling group of syndromes, Postgrad Med, 87, 213, 10.1080\u002F00325481.1990.11704684\nMcMahon, 1991, Mechanisms of sympathetic pain, Br Med Bull, 47, 584, 10.1093\u002Foxfordjournals.bmb.a072494\nMitchell, 1864\nMongini, 1989, Variations of skin temperature in patients with craniofacial pain, A thermographic evaluation. Funct Neurol., 4, 203\nNorth, 1991, Spinal cord stimulation for chronic, intractable pain: superiority of \"multi-channel\" devices, Pain, 44, 119, 10.1016\u002F0304-3959(91)90125-H\nOdonoghue, 1993, Three-phase bone scintigraphy: Asymmetric patterns in the upper extremies of assymptomatic normals and reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Clin Nucl Med, 18, 829, 10.1097\u002F00003072-199310000-00002\nOlcott, 1991, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy-the surgeon's role in management, J Vasc Surg, 14, 488, 10.1016\u002F0741-5214(91)90242-M\nOstrov, 1993, Recurrent reflex sympathetic dystrophy as a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, J Rheumatol, 20, 1774\nPerelman, 1987, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Electronic thermography as an aid in diagnosis, Orthop Rev, 16, 561\nPochaczevsky, 1987, Thermography in posttraumatic pain, Am J Sports Med, 15, 243, 10.1177\u002F036354658701500309\nRacz G.Lewis R.Laros G.Electrical stimulation analgesia Racz G Pain Management ed 2 Mosby St. Louis 922\nRaja, 1992, The adrenergic pharmacology of sympathetically maintained pain, J Reconstr Microsurg, 8, 63, 10.1055\u002Fs-2007-1006686\nRauck, 1993, Epidural clonidine treatment for refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Anesthesiology, 79, 1163, 10.1097\u002F00000542-199312000-00005\nSachs, 1993, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy after operative procedures on the lumbar spine, J Bone Joint Surg [Am], 75A, 721, 10.2106\u002F00004623-199305000-00012\nSchmidt, 1993, Postdural puncture headache after fluoroscopically guided lumbar paravertebral sympathetic block, Anesthesiology, 78, 198, 10.1097\u002F00000542-199301000-00028\nSchott, 1994, Visceral afferents: Their contribution to 'sympathetic dependent' pain., Brain, 117, 397, 10.1093\u002Fbrain\u002F117.2.397\nSchwartzman, 1987, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Arch Neurol, 44, 555, 10.1001\u002Farchneur.1987.00520170081028\nSmith, 1992, Effect of sympathetic blockade on bone imaging, Clin Nucl Med, 1, 665, 10.1097\u002F00003072-199208000-00013\nSpiegelmann, 1991, Spinal cord stimulation: A contemporary series, Neurosurgery, 28, 65, 10.1227\u002F00006123-199101000-00011\nSprague, 1990, Identification of the anterior psoas sheath as a landmark for lumbar sympathetic block, Reg Anesth, 15, 253\nStanton-Hicks M: Upper and lower extremity pain. 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Existence of a large (18 h) therapeutic window, Brain Res, 620, 32, 10.1016\u002F0006-8993(93)90267-Q\nTower, 1948, Acetylcholine and neuronal activity in craniocerebral trauma, J Clin Invest, 27, 558\nVink, 1987, Decrease in total and free magnesium concentration following traumatic brain injury in rats, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 149, 594, 10.1016\u002F0006-291X(87)90409-8\nVink, 1988, Decline in intracellular free Mg2+ is associated with irreversible tissue injury following brain trauma, J Biol Chem, 263, 757, 10.1016\u002FS0021-9258(19)35418-3\nVink, 1990, Opiate antagonist nalmefene improves intracellular free Mg2+, bioenergetic state and neurological outcome following traumatic brain injury in rats, J Neurosci, 10, 3524, 10.1523\u002FJNEUROSCI.10-11-03524.1990\nVink, 1991, κ-Opioid antagonist improves cellular bioenergetics and recovery after traumatic brain injury, Am J Physiol, 261, R1527\nVoddi, 1996, The pre-synaptic glutamate release inhibitor BW619C89 attenuates memory dysfunction following experimental brain injury, J Neurotrauma\nWei, 1982, Increased phospholipase C activity after experimental brain injury, J Neurosurg, 56, 695, 10.3171\u002Fjns.1982.56.5.0695\nWest, 1981, Cerebral concussion in rats rapidly induces hypothalamic specific effects on opiate and cholinergic receptors, Brain Res, 225, 271, 10.1016\u002F0006-8993(81)90835-0\nWolfe, 1979, The role of prostaglandins in the central nervous system, Ann Rev Physiol, 41, 669, 10.1146\u002Fannurev.ph.41.030179.003321\nWoodroofe, 1991, Detection of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 in adult rat brain, following mechanical injury, by in vivo microdialysis: Evidence of a role for microglia in cytokine production, J Neuroimmunol, 33, 227, 10.1016\u002F0165-5728(91)90110-S\nWoolf, 1987, The predictive value of catecholamines in assessing outcome in traumatic brain injury, J Neurosurg, 66, 875, 10.3171\u002Fjns.1987.66.6.0875\nYan, 1992, Expression of interleukin (IL)-lß, IL-6 and their respective receptors in the normal rat brain and after injury, Eur J Immunol, 22, 2693, 10.1002\u002Feji.1830221131\nYergey, 1990, Brain eicosanoid formation following acute penetration injury as studied by in vivo microdialysis, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 10, 143, 10.1038\u002Fjcbfm.1990.20\nYoung, 1987, The post-injury response in trauma and ischemia. 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A radiologic and clinical investigation in 1134 patients, Rofo, 145, 75, 10.1055\u002Fs-2008-1048889\nGordon, 2001, Cervical esophageal webs: association with gastroesophageal reflux, Abdom Imaging, 26, 574, 10.1007\u002Fs00261-001-0020-0\nKaplan, 1981, Esophagitis dissecans superficialis associated with pemphigus vulgaris, J Am Acad Dermatol, 4, 682, 10.1016\u002FS0190-9622(81)70070-7\nErgun, 1992, Gastrointestinal manifestations of epidermolysis bullosa. A study of 101 patients, Medicine, 71, 121, 10.1097\u002F00005792-199205000-00002\nForoozan, 1967, Loss and regeneration of the esophageal mucosa in pemphigoid, Gastroenterology, 52, 548, 10.1016\u002FS0016-5085(67)80184-7\nMcDonald, 1981, Esophageal abnormalities in chronic graft-versus-host disease in humans, Gastroenterology, 80, 914, 10.1016\u002F0016-5085(81)90059-7\nGoyal, 1970, Lower esophageal ring. 1, N Engl J Med, 282, 1298, 10.1056\u002FNEJM197006042822305\nMann, 2005, Pathogenesis of esophageal rings in eosinophilic esophagitis, Med Hypotheses, 64, 520, 10.1016\u002Fj.mehy.2004.08.021\nOtt, 1996, Correlation of lower esophageal mucosal ring and 24-h pH monitoring of the esophagus, Am J Gastroenterol, 91, 61\nScharschmidt, 1978, The lower esophageal ring and esophageal reflux, Am J Gastroenterol, 69, 544\nDeVault, 1996, Lower esophageal (Schatzki's) ring: pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy, Dig Dis Sci, 14, 323, 10.1159\u002F000171563\nMarshall, 1990, Gastroesophageal reflux as a pathogenic factor in the development of symptomatic lower esophageal rings, Arch Intern Med, 150, 1669, 10.1001\u002Farchinte.150.8.1669\nGroskreutz, 1990, Schatzki's ring: long-term results following dilation, Gastrointest Endosc, 36, 479, 10.1016\u002FS0016-5107(90)71119-4\nDiSario, 2002, Incision of recurrent distal esophageal (Schatzki) ring after dilation, Gastrointest Endosc, 56, 244, 10.1016\u002FS0016-5107(02)70185-5\nMarks, 1993, Peptic strictures of the esophagus, Am J Gastroenterol, 88, 1160\nGuda, 2004, Proton pump inhibitors and the time trends for esophageal dilation, Am J Gastroenterol, 99, 797, 10.1111\u002Fj.1572-0241.2004.04169.x\nMarshall, 1996, Esophageal dilatation with polyvinyl (American) dilators over a marked guidewire: practice and safety at one center over a 5-yr period, Am J Gastroenterol, 91, 1503\nScolapio, 1999, A randomized prospective study comparing rigid to balloon dilators for benign esophageal strictures and rings, Gastrointest Endosc, 50, 13, 10.1016\u002FS0016-5107(99)70337-8\nPereira-Lima, 1999, Endoscopic dilation of benign esophageal strictures: report of 1043 procedures, Am J Gastroenterol, 94, 1497, 10.1111\u002Fj.1572-0241.1999.01061.x\nHernandez, 2000, Comparison among the perforation rates of Maloney, balloon, and Savary dilation of esophageal strictures, Gastrointest Endosc, 51, 460, 10.1016\u002FS0016-5107(00)70448-2\nEvrard, 2004, Self-expanding plastic stents for benign esophageal lesions, Gastrointest Endosc, 60, 894, 10.1016\u002FS0016-5107(04)02278-3\nGarcia-Cano, 2008, Dilation of benign strictures in the esophagus and colon with the polyflex stent: a Case Series Study, Dig Dis Sci, 53, 341, 10.1007\u002Fs10620-007-9864-7\nBarbezat, 1999, Omeprazole therapy decreases the need for dilatation of peptic oesophageal strictures, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 13, 1041, 10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2036.1999.00582.x\nSwarbrick, 1996, prevention of recurrence of oesophageal stricture. A comparison of lansoprazole and high-dose ranitidine, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 8, 431\nDua, 2003, New approach to malignant strictures of the esophagus, Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 5, 198, 10.1007\u002Fs11894-003-0020-z\nPower, 2007, Superiority of anti-reflux stent compared with conventional stents in the palliative management of patients with cancer of the lower esophagus and esophago-gastric junction: results of a randomized clinical trial, Dis Esophagus, 20, 466, 10.1111\u002Fj.1442-2050.2007.00696.x\nXinopoulos, 2005, Palliative treatment of advanced esophageal cancer with metal-covered expandable stents. A cost-effectiveness and quality of life study, J BUON, 10, 523\nMayberry, 2001, Etiology and demographics of achalasia, Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am, 11, 235, 10.1016\u002FS1052-5157(18)30068-0\nPark, 2005, Etiology and pathogenesis of achalasia: the current understanding, Am J Gastroenterol, 100, 1404, 10.1111\u002Fj.1572-0241.2005.41775.x\nFrieling, 1988, Family occurrence of achalasia and diffuse spasm of the oesophagus, Gut, 29, 1595, 10.1136\u002Fgut.29.11.1595\nStein, 1982, Achalasia in monozygotic twins, Dig Dis Sci, 27, 636, 10.1007\u002FBF01297220\nAnnese, 1995, Family occurrence of achalasia, J Clin Gastroenterol, 20, 329, 10.1097\u002F00004836-199506000-00016\nBosher, 1981, Achalasia in siblings. Clinical and genetic aspects, Am J Dis Child, 135, 709, 10.1001\u002Farchpedi.1981.02130320023007\nJones, 1983, Preliminary report of an association between measles virus and achalasia, J Clin Pathol, 36, 655, 10.1136\u002Fjcp.36.6.655\nRobertson, 1993, Varicella-zoster virus DNA in the oesophageal myenteric plexus in achalasia, Gut, 34, 299, 10.1136\u002Fgut.34.3.299\nNiwamoto, 1995, Are human herpes viruses or measles virus associated with esophageal achalasia?, Dig Dis Sci, 40, 859, 10.1007\u002FBF02064992\nBirgisson, 1997, Achalasia is not associated with measles or known herpes and human papilloma viruses, Dig Dis Sci, 42, 300, 10.1023\u002FA:1018805600276\nWong, 1989, Significant DQw1 association in achalasia, Dig Dis Sci, 34, 349, 10.1007\u002FBF01536254\nPehlivanov\nFishman, 1996, Symptomatic improvement in achalasia after botulinum toxin injection of the lower esophageal sphincter, Am J Gastroenterol, 91, 1724\nPasricha, 1996, Botulinum toxin for achalasia: long-term outcome and predictors of response, Gastroenterology, 110, 1410, 10.1053\u002Fgast.1996.v110.pm8613045\nKaramanolis, 2005, Long-term outcome of pneumatic dilation in the treatment of achalasia, Am J Gastroenterol, 100, 270, 10.1111\u002Fj.1572-0241.2005.40093.x\nBonatti, 2005, Long-term results of laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia, Am J Surg, 190, 874, 10.1016\u002Fj.amjsurg.2005.08.012\nCostantini, 2005, The laparoscopic Heller-Dor operation remains an effective treatment for esophageal achalasia at a minimum 6–year follow-up, Surg Endosc, 19, 345, 10.1007\u002Fs00464-004-8941-7\nKatz, 1987, Esophageal testing of patients with non-cardiac chest pain and dysphagia, Ann Intern Med, 106, 593, 10.7326\u002F0003-4819-106-4-593\nSpencer, 2006, A questionnaire study to assess long-term outcome in patients with abnormal esophageal manometry, Dysphagia, 21, 149, 10.1007\u002Fs00455-006-9022-y\nLeite, 1997, Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM): the 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