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The recently published eighth edition incorporates biological markers and recommends the use of a complex “prognostic stage.” In this study, we assessed the relationship between stage, breast cancer subtype, grade, and outcome in a large population-based cohort and evaluated a risk score system incorporating tumor characteristic to the AJCC anatomic staging system.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Materials and Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer stage I–IV between 2005–2008 were identified in the California Cancer Registry. For patients with stage I–III disease, pathologic stage was recorded. For patients with stage IV disease, clinical stage was utilized. Five-year breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined for each potential tumor size-node involvement-metastases (TNM) combination according to breast cancer subtype. A risk score point-based system using grade, estrogen receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status was designed to complement the anatomic AJCC staging system. Survival probabilities between groups were compared using log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Among 43,938 patients, we observed differences in 5-year BCSS and OS for each TNM combination according to breast cancer subtype. The most favorable outcomes were seen for hormone receptor-positive tumors followed closely by HER2-positive tumors, with the worst outcomes observed for triple negative breast cancer. Our risk score system separated patients into four risk groups within each stage category (all p < .05).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Conclusion\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Our simple risk score system incorporates biological factors into the AJCC anatomic staging system, providing accurate prognostic information.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":290},"Incorporating Tumor Characteristics to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Breast Cancer Staging System",{"VOID":292},"28592619",{"VOID":294},"10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.2017-0116","2024-10-14T22:27:53.731+00:00",[192],"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Foncolo\u002Farticle\u002F22\u002F11\u002F1292\u002F6444704",[299,320,342,359,392,415],{"id":300,"sortIndex":61,"researcher":23,"roles":301,"affiliations":302,"properties":313},"e274829e-d7eb-4753-95fe-696ef2c5c751",[],[303],{"id":304,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":305,"properties":23},"73f52baf-a082-4862-bdc6-43915c33ceab",{"id":306,"createTime":307,"updateTime":307,"relativeEntities":308,"slug":309,"properties":310,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"0d94b440-4d2b-4616-98f5-f8099a6dbb4b","2024-10-14T22:27:53.763+00:00",[],"Department-of-Breast-Surgical-Oncology-The-University-of-Texas-MD-Anderson-Cancer-Center-Houston-Texas-USA",{"title":311},{"EN":312},"Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA",{"openalex":314,"orcid":316,"title":318},{"VOID":315},"A5017411324",{"VOID":317},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9156-8723",{"EN":319},"Kelly K. 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Anderson Cancer Center from 1997 to 2004, Cancer, 115, 2041, 10.1002\u002Fcncr.24271",{"doi":608},"10.1002\u002Fcncr.24271",{"id":23,"text":610,"url":23,"identifiers":611},"Paik, 1990, Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project: Prognostic significance of erbB-2 protein overexpression in primary breast cancer, J Clin Oncol, 8, 103, 10.1200\u002FJCO.1990.8.1.103",{"doi":612},"10.1200\u002FJCO.1990.8.1.103",{"id":23,"text":614,"url":23,"identifiers":615},"Ross, 2009, The HER-2 receptor and breast cancer: Ten years of targeted anti-HER-2 therapy and personalized medicine, The Oncologist, 14, 320, 10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.2008-0230",{"doi":616},"10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.2008-0230",{"id":23,"text":618,"url":23,"identifiers":619},"Schwartz, 2014, Histologic grade remains a prognostic factor for breast cancer regardless of the number of positive lymph nodes and tumor size: A study of 161 708 cases of breast cancer from the SEER Program, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 138, 1048, 10.5858\u002Farpa.2013-0435-OA",{"doi":620},"10.5858\u002Farpa.2013-0435-OA",{"id":23,"text":622,"url":23,"identifiers":623},"Sparano, 2016, A 21-gene expression assay in breast cancer, N Engl J Med, 374, 1387",{},{"id":23,"text":625,"url":23,"identifiers":626},"Veronesi, 2006, Rethinking TNM: Breast cancer TNM classification for treatment decision-making and research, Breast, 15, 3, 10.1016\u002Fj.breast.2005.11.011",{"doi":627},"10.1016\u002Fj.breast.2005.11.011",{"id":23,"text":629,"url":23,"identifiers":630},"Vila, 2017, Combining clinical and pathologic staging variables has prognostic value in predicting local-regional recurrence following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, Ann Surg, 265, 574, 10.1097\u002FSLA.0000000000001492",{"doi":631},"10.1097\u002FSLA.0000000000001492",{"id":23,"text":633,"url":23,"identifiers":634},"Symmans, 2007, Measurement of residual breast cancer burden to predict survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 25, 4414, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2007.10.6823",{"doi":635},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2007.10.6823",{"id":23,"text":637,"url":23,"identifiers":638},"Symmans, 2017, Long-term prognostic risk after neoadjuvant chemotherapy associated with residual cancer burden and breast cancer subtype, J Clin Oncol, 35, 1049, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2015.63.1010",{"doi":639},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2015.63.1010",{"id":23,"text":641,"url":23,"identifiers":642},"Cortazar, 2014, Pathological complete response and long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer: The CTNeoBC pooled analysis, Lancet, 384, 164, 10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(13)62422-8",{"doi":643},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(13)62422-8",{"id":23,"text":645,"url":23,"identifiers":646},"Dahlstrom, 2016, Proposed staging system for patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer based on nasopharyngeal cancer N categories, J Clin Oncol, 34, 1848, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2015.64.6448",{"doi":647},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2015.64.6448",{"id":23,"text":649,"url":23,"identifiers":650},"Huang, 2015, Refining American Joint Committee on Cancer\u002FUnion for International Cancer Control TNM stage and prognostic groups for human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinomas, J Clin Oncol, 33, 836, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2014.58.6412",{"doi":651},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2014.58.6412",{"id":653,"createTime":654,"updateTime":654,"relativeEntities":655,"slug":656,"properties":657,"entityType":188,"verifyStatus":189,"verifyTime":654,"verifyNote":190,"syncStatus":22,"languages":673,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":674,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":675,"publicationType":216,"publisherRelationship":900,"citationCount":936,"citationInfo":937,"publishDate":488,"publishYear":489,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":23,"openAccess":23,"references":939,"isForceReanalyzing":273},"bf59153c-64ab-4647-8c8d-95f8dd9e5294","2024-10-05T22:27:44.810+00:00",[],"FDA-Approval-Summary-Daratumumab-for-Treatment-of-Multiple-Myeloma-After-One-Prior-Therapy",{"mag":658,"keywords":660,"pmc":661,"openalex":663,"abstract":665,"title":667,"pm":669,"doi":671},{"VOID":659},"2756422634",{},{"VOID":662},"5679834",{"VOID":664},"W2756422634",{"EN":666},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n               \u003Cjats:p>On November 21, 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted regular approval to daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone, for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. Approval was based on two randomized, open-label trials in which daratumumab was added to these backbone therapies. The MMY3003 trial demonstrated substantial improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) when daratumumab was added to lenalidomide and dexamethasone compared with lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone. The estimated median PFS had not been reached in the daratumumab arm and was 18.4 months in the control arm (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27–0.52; p < .0001), representing a 63% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death. Similar results were observed in the MMY3004 trial comparing the combination of daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone with bortezomib and dexamethasone. The estimated median PFS was not reached in the daratumumab arm and was 7.2 months in the control arm (HR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.28–0.53; p < .0001), representing a 61% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death. The most frequently reported adverse reactions (greater than or equal to 20%) in MMY3003 were infusion reactions, diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, pyrexia, upper respiratory tract infection, muscle spasm, cough, and dyspnea. The most frequently reported adverse reactions (greater than or equal to 20%) in MMY3004 were infusion reactions, diarrhea, peripheral edema, upper respiratory tract infection, and peripheral sensory neuropathy. 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ACC\u002FAHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult. A report of the American College of Cardiology\u002FAmerican Heart Association Task Force of Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure), J Am Coll Cardiol, 46, e1",{},{"id":23,"text":1361,"url":23,"identifiers":1362},"Heart Failure Society of America, 2006, 2006 Comprehensive heart failure practice guidelines, J Cardiac Fail, 12, 1, 10.1016\u002Fj.cardfail.2005.11.005",{"doi":1363},"10.1016\u002Fj.cardfail.2005.11.005",{"id":23,"text":1365,"url":23,"identifiers":1366},"Swedberg, 2005, Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: Executive summary (update 2005): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology, Eur Heart J, 26, 1115, 10.1093\u002Feurheartj\u002Fehi204",{"doi":1367},"10.1093\u002Feurheartj\u002Fehi204",{"id":23,"text":1369,"url":23,"identifiers":1370},"Guarneri, 2006, Long-term cardiac tolerability of trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer: The M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience, J Clin Oncol, 24, 4107, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2005.04.9551",{"doi":1371},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2005.04.9551",{"id":23,"text":1373,"url":23,"identifiers":1374},"Geyer, 2006, Update of cardiac dysfunction on NSABP B-31: A randomized trial of subsequential AC→paclitaxel vs. AC→paclitaxel with trastuzumab, J Clin Oncol, 24, A581, 10.1200\u002Fjco.2006.24.18_suppl.581",{"doi":1375},"10.1200\u002Fjco.2006.24.18_suppl.581",{"id":23,"text":1377,"url":23,"identifiers":1378},"McArthur, 2007, Cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab in clinical practice, N Engl J Med, 357, 94, 10.1056\u002FNEJMc070065",{"doi":1379},"10.1056\u002FNEJMc070065",{"id":23,"text":1381,"url":23,"identifiers":1382},"Bellenger, 2000, Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes in heart failure by echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance; are they interchangeable?, Eur Heart J, 21, 1387, 10.1053\u002Feuhj.2000.2011",{"doi":1383},"10.1053\u002Feuhj.2000.2011",{"id":23,"text":1385,"url":23,"identifiers":1386},"Gutiérrez-Chico, 2005, Comparison of left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions measured by three-dimensional echocardiography versus by two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with various cardiomyopathies, Am J Cardiol, 95, 809, 10.1016\u002Fj.amjcard.2004.11.046",{"doi":1387},"10.1016\u002Fj.amjcard.2004.11.046",{"id":23,"text":1389,"url":23,"identifiers":1390},"Caiani, 2005, Improved semiautomated quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction using 3-dimensional echocardiography with a full matrix-array transducer: Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 18, 779, 10.1016\u002Fj.echo.2004.12.015",{"doi":1391},"10.1016\u002Fj.echo.2004.12.015",{"id":23,"text":1393,"url":23,"identifiers":1394},"Hendel, 2006, CCF\u002FACR\u002FSCCT\u002FSCMR\u002FASNC\u002FNASCI\u002FSCAI\u002FSIR 2006 appropriateness criteria for cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group, American College of Radiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Interventional Radiology, J Am Coll Cardiol, 48, 1475, 10.1016\u002Fj.jacc.2006.07.003",{"doi":1395},"10.1016\u002Fj.jacc.2006.07.003",{"id":23,"text":1397,"url":23,"identifiers":1398},"Council of the British Society of Echocardiography, 2006, Statement to Members: The Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function for Patients Being Considered or Receiving Trastuzumab (Herceptin) Therapy",{},{"id":23,"text":1400,"url":23,"identifiers":1401},"Theodoulou, 2002, TLC D99 (D, Myocet) and Herceptin (H) is safe in advanced breast cancer (ABC): Final cardiac safety and efficacy analysis, Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 21, 55a",{},{"id":1403,"createTime":1404,"updateTime":1404,"relativeEntities":1405,"slug":1406,"properties":1407,"entityType":188,"verifyStatus":189,"verifyTime":1404,"verifyNote":190,"syncStatus":22,"languages":1421,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":1422,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":1423,"publicationType":216,"publisherRelationship":1465,"citationCount":1503,"citationInfo":1504,"publishDate":1513,"publishYear":1514,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":23,"openAccess":23,"references":1515,"isForceReanalyzing":273},"8d85f35f-5c70-4dff-9717-8416b99096dc","2024-09-22T21:05:39.927+00:00",[],"Surgical-Management-of-Spinal-Metastases",{"mag":1408,"keywords":1410,"openalex":1411,"abstract":1413,"title":1415,"pm":1417,"doi":1419},{"VOID":1409},"2111750969",{},{"VOID":1412},"W2111750969",{"EN":1414},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Metastatic spread to the spinal column is a growing problem in patients with cancer. It can cause a number of sequelae including pain, instability, and neurologic deficit. If left untreated, progressive myelopathy results in the loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Except in rare circumstances, treatment is palliative. Traditionally, conventional fractionated external beam radiotherapy has been the treatment of choice. “Surgery” for metastatic spinal disease was, and generally continues to be, equated with laminectomy by many physicians. However, there has been a remarkable evolution in surgical techniques over the last 20 years. Today, the goal of surgery is to achieve circumferential decompression of the neural elements while reconstructing and immediately stabilizing the spinal column. This has been made possible by the use of different surgical approaches and the exploitation of a burgeoning array of internal fixation devices. More recently, minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as endoscopy, kyphoplasty\u002Fvertebroplasty, and stereotactic radiosurgery, have been added to the surgeon's armamentarium. As the number of treatment options for metastatic spinal disease grows, it has become clear that effective implementation of treatment can only be achieved by a multidisciplinary approach. This will provide the surest means of maximizing the quality of the remainder of the patient's life.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1416},"Surgical Management of Spinal Metastases",{"VOID":1418},"15047923",{"VOID":1420},"10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.9-2-188",[192],"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Foncolo\u002Farticle\u002F9\u002F2\u002F188\u002F6387913",[1424,1446],{"id":1425,"sortIndex":130,"researcher":23,"roles":1426,"affiliations":1427,"properties":1439},"40ebb39b-d326-4a80-a250-0ab6883704a2",[],[1428],{"id":1429,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":1430,"properties":23},"61bdc344-0108-4e61-ba81-aeaeb2106d1c",{"id":1431,"createTime":1432,"updateTime":1433,"relativeEntities":1434,"slug":1435,"properties":1436,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"66e963e5-0ef2-4ff6-b199-b786af98fa27","2024-01-26T14:49:17.700+00:00","2024-09-22T21:05:39.966+00:00",[],"Department-of-Neurosurgery-University-of-Utah-School-of-Medicine-Salt-Lake-City-Utah-USA",{"title":1437},{"VI":1438},"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah USA",{"openalex":1440,"orcid":1442,"title":1444},{"VOID":1441},"A5057820898",{"VOID":1443},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2259-9459",{"EN":1445},"Meic H. Schmidt",{"id":1447,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":1448,"affiliations":1449,"properties":1460},"74241527-7a94-4d48-900b-07d0ef8e687c",[],[1450],{"id":1451,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":1452,"properties":23},"b90a88f7-1da6-4459-8c3e-50269bf1b402",{"id":1453,"createTime":1454,"updateTime":1454,"relativeEntities":1455,"slug":1456,"properties":1457,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"f1951514-1c70-4672-ae3a-b1ea33be0b60","2024-09-22T21:05:39.953+00:00",[],"Department-of-Neurosurgery-University-of-Utah-School-of-Medicine-Salt-Lake-City-Utah-84132-2303-USA-",{"title":1458},{"EN":1459},"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-2303, USA.",{"openalex":1461,"title":1463},{"VOID":1462},"A5015250989",{"EN":1464},"Paul Klimo",{"url":23,"publisher":1466,"properties":1496},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1467,"slug":10,"properties":1468,"entityType":21,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"subjectFields":1474,"manageAffiliations":1475,"indexDatabases":1476,"url":114,"thumbnailPath":23,"statistic":1491,"gsStatistic":23,"type":23,"analyzePriority":23},[],{"country":1469,"issn":1470,"introduce":1471,"eissn":1472,"title":1473},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},{"VOID":19},{"EN":10},[],[],[1477,1484],{"id":96,"indexDatabase":1478,"url":111,"indexYears":23,"academicFieldIds":1483,"indexDatabaseRanking":23},{"id":98,"createTime":99,"updateTime":100,"relativeEntities":1479,"label":1480,"description":1481,"key":107,"publicationTags":1482,"standard":23},[],{"EN":103,"VI":103},{"VI":105,"EN":106},[109,110],[113],{"id":75,"indexDatabase":1485,"url":88,"indexYears":89,"academicFieldIds":1490,"indexDatabaseRanking":94},{"id":77,"createTime":78,"updateTime":79,"relativeEntities":1486,"label":1487,"description":1488,"key":85,"publicationTags":1489,"standard":23},[],{"EN":82,"VI":82},{"EN":82,"VI":84},[87],[91,92,93],{"impactFactor":24,"impactFactorByYear":1492,"i10Index":127,"i10IndexLast5Year":118,"totalPublication":128,"totalPublicationByYear":1493,"totalCitation":133,"totalCitationByYear":1494,"totalCitationPerPublication":152,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1495,"hindexLast5Year":166,"hindex":166},{"2012":117,"2013":118,"2014":119,"2015":120,"2017":121,"2018":122,"2019":123,"2020":124,"2021":125,"2022":126,"2023":118},{"1997":130,"2000":119,"2001":119,"2002":118,"2004":131,"2005":118,"2006":119,"2007":119,"2008":132,"2009":119,"2010":119,"2011":130,"2013":130,"2016":130,"2017":119,"2019":130,"2020":119,"2022":130},{"1997":135,"2000":136,"2001":137,"2002":138,"2004":139,"2005":140,"2006":141,"2007":142,"2008":143,"2009":144,"2010":145,"2011":146,"2013":147,"2016":148,"2017":149,"2019":150,"2020":151,"2022":132},{"1997":135,"2000":154,"2001":155,"2002":156,"2004":157,"2005":158,"2006":159,"2007":160,"2008":161,"2009":162,"2010":163,"2011":146,"2013":147,"2016":148,"2017":164,"2019":150,"2020":165,"2022":132},{"volume":1497,"pages":1499,"issue":1501},{"VOID":1498},"9",{"VOID":1500},"188-196",{"VOID":1502},"2",378,{"total":1503,"publishYear":23,"statisticByYear":1505},{"2012":1506,"2013":1187,"2014":1507,"2015":1508,"2016":867,"2017":1508,"2018":1509,"2019":1510,"2020":1508,"2021":1508,"2022":1511,"2023":1512,"2024":851},18,20,22,27,23,25,24,"2004-04-01",2004,[1516,1520,1524,1528,1532,1536,1540,1543,1547,1551,1554,1558,1562,1566,1570,1574,1577,1581,1585,1589,1593,1597,1601,1605,1609,1613,1617,1621,1625,1629,1632,1635,1639,1643,1647,1651,1655,1659,1663,1667,1671,1675,1678,1682,1686,1690,1694,1698,1702,1706,1710,1714,1718,1722,1726,1729,1732,1736,1740,1743,1747,1751,1754,1758,1762,1766,1770,1773,1776,1780,1783,1787,1791,1795,1799,1803,1807,1811,1815,1818],{"id":23,"text":1517,"url":23,"identifiers":1518},"Harrington, 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A preliminary report on 29 patients, Spine, 21, 1927, 10.1097\u002F00007632-199608150-00020",{"doi":1592},"10.1097\u002F00007632-199608150-00020",{"id":23,"text":1594,"url":23,"identifiers":1595},"Sundaresan, 1991, Treatment of neoplastic spinal cord compression: results of a prospective study, Neurosurgery, 29, 645, 10.1227\u002F00006123-199111000-00001",{"doi":1596},"10.1227\u002F00006123-199111000-00001",{"id":23,"text":1598,"url":23,"identifiers":1599},"Cooper, 1993, A systematic approach to spinal reconstruction after anterior decompression for neoplastic disease of the thoracic and lumbar spine, Neurosurgery, 32, 1, 10.1227\u002F00006123-199301000-00001",{"doi":1600},"10.1227\u002F00006123-199301000-00001",{"id":23,"text":1602,"url":23,"identifiers":1603},"Hammerberg, 1992, Surgical treatment of metastatic spine disease, Spine, 17, 1148, 10.1097\u002F00007632-199210000-00004",{"doi":1604},"10.1097\u002F00007632-199210000-00004",{"id":23,"text":1606,"url":23,"identifiers":1607},"Tokuhashi, 1990, Scoring system for the preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis, Spine, 15, 1110, 10.1097\u002F00007632-199011010-00005",{"doi":1608},"10.1097\u002F00007632-199011010-00005",{"id":23,"text":1610,"url":23,"identifiers":1611},"Oberndorfer, 2000, The management of malignant spinal cord compression compression [letter], Spine, 25, 653, 10.1097\u002F00007632-200003010-00021",{"doi":1612},"10.1097\u002F00007632-200003010-00021",{"id":23,"text":1614,"url":23,"identifiers":1615},"Enkaoua, 1997, Vertebral metastases: a critical appreciation of the preoperative prognostic Tokuhashi score in a series of 71 cases, Spine, 22, 2293, 10.1097\u002F00007632-199710010-00020",{"doi":1616},"10.1097\u002F00007632-199710010-00020",{"id":23,"text":1618,"url":23,"identifiers":1619},"Chataigner, 2000, Surgery in spinal metastasis without spinal cord compression: indications and strategy related to the risk of recurrence, Eur Spine J, 9, 523, 10.1007\u002Fs005860000163",{"doi":1620},"10.1007\u002Fs005860000163",{"id":23,"text":1622,"url":23,"identifiers":1623},"Arseni, 1959, Tumors of the spine: a follow-up study of 350 patients with neurosurgical considerations, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 34, 398, 10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0447.1959.tb07530.x",{"doi":1624},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0447.1959.tb07530.x",{"id":23,"text":1626,"url":23,"identifiers":1627},"Black, 1979, Spinal metastasis: current status and recommended guidelines for management, Neurosurgery, 5, 726, 10.1227\u002F00006123-197912000-00016",{"doi":1628},"10.1227\u002F00006123-197912000-00016",{"id":23,"text":1630,"url":23,"identifiers":1631},"Larson, 1961, The surgical treatment of metastatic epidural tumors, Q Bull Northwestern Univ Med Sch, 35, 42",{},{"id":23,"text":1633,"url":23,"identifiers":1634},"Torma, 1957, Malignant tumors of the spine and the spinal extradural space: a study based on 250 histologically verified cases, Acta Chir Scand, 13, 1",{},{"id":23,"text":1636,"url":23,"identifiers":1637},"Perese, 1958, Treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord tumors: a series of 30 cases, Cancer, 11, 214, 10.1002\u002F1097-0142(195801\u002F02)11:1\u003C214::AID-CNCR2820110133>3.0.CO;2-4",{"doi":1638},"10.1002\u002F1097-0142(195801\u002F02)11:1\u003C214::AID-CNCR2820110133>3.0.CO;2-4",{"id":23,"text":1640,"url":23,"identifiers":1641},"Young, 1980, Treatment of spinal epidural metastases. 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Postoperative outcome and quality of life, Spine, 24, 2240, 10.1097\u002F00007632-199911010-00012",{"doi":1685},"10.1097\u002F00007632-199911010-00012",{"id":23,"text":1687,"url":23,"identifiers":1688},"Wise, 1999, Complication, survival rates, and risk factors of surgery for metastatic disease of the spine, Spine, 24, 1943, 10.1097\u002F00007632-199909150-00014",{"doi":1689},"10.1097\u002F00007632-199909150-00014",{"id":23,"text":1691,"url":23,"identifiers":1692},"Maranzano, 1991, Radiation therapy in metastatic spinal cord compression. 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A prospective study of 153 patients, Acta Neurol Scand, 94, 269, 10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0404.1996.tb07064.x",{"doi":1705},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0404.1996.tb07064.x",{"id":23,"text":1707,"url":23,"identifiers":1708},"Katagiri, 1998, Clinical results of nonsurgical treatment for spinal metastases, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 42, 1127, 10.1016\u002FS0360-3016(98)00288-0",{"doi":1709},"10.1016\u002FS0360-3016(98)00288-0",{"id":23,"text":1711,"url":23,"identifiers":1712},"Zaidat, 2002, Treatment of spinal epidural metastasis improves patient survival and functional state, Neurology, 58, 1360, 10.1212\u002FWNL.58.9.1360",{"doi":1713},"10.1212\u002FWNL.58.9.1360",{"id":23,"text":1715,"url":23,"identifiers":1716},"Wai, 2003, Quality of life in surgical treatment of metastatic spine disease, Spine, 28, 508, 10.1097\u002F01.BRS.0000048646.26222.FA",{"doi":1717},"10.1097\u002F01.BRS.0000048646.26222.FA",{"id":23,"text":1719,"url":23,"identifiers":1720},"Klimo, 2003, Treatment of metastatic spinal epidural disease, Neuorsurg Focus, 15, 1, 10.3171\u002Ffoc.2003.15.5.1",{"doi":1721},"10.3171\u002Ffoc.2003.15.5.1",{"id":23,"text":1723,"url":23,"identifiers":1724},"Loblaw, 1998, Emergency treatment of malignant extradural spinal cord compression: an evidence-based guideline, J Clin Oncol, 16, 1613, 10.1200\u002FJCO.1998.16.4.1613",{"doi":1725},"10.1200\u002FJCO.1998.16.4.1613",{"id":23,"text":1727,"url":23,"identifiers":1728},"Patchell, 2003, A randomized trial of direct decompressive surgical resection in the treatment of spinal cord compression caused by metastasis, J Clin Oncol, 21, 237",{},{"id":23,"text":1730,"url":23,"identifiers":1731},"Olsen, 2003, Risk factors for surgical site infection in spinal surgery, J Neurosurg, 98, 149",{},{"id":23,"text":1733,"url":23,"identifiers":1734},"Ghogawala, 2001, Spinal radiation before surgical decompression adversely affects outcomes of surgery for symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression, Spine, 26, 818, 10.1097\u002F00007632-200104010-00025",{"doi":1735},"10.1097\u002F00007632-200104010-00025",{"id":23,"text":1737,"url":23,"identifiers":1738},"McPhee, 1998, Factors influencing wound healing after surgery for metastatic disease of the spine, Spine, 23, 726, 10.1097\u002F00007632-199803150-00015",{"doi":1739},"10.1097\u002F00007632-199803150-00015",{"id":23,"text":1741,"url":23,"identifiers":1742},"Jaikumar, 2002, History of minimally invasive spine surgery, Neurosurgery, 51, 1",{},{"id":23,"text":1744,"url":23,"identifiers":1745},"McLain, 2001, Spinal cord decompression: an endoscopically assisted approach for metastatic tumors, Spinal Cord, 39, 482, 10.1038\u002Fsj.sc.3101194",{"doi":1746},"10.1038\u002Fsj.sc.3101194",{"id":23,"text":1748,"url":23,"identifiers":1749},"Rosenthal, 1996, Anterior decompression and stabilization using a microsurgical endoscopic technique for metastatic tumors of the thoracic spine, J Neurosurg, 84, 565, 10.3171\u002Fjns.1996.84.4.0565",{"doi":1750},"10.3171\u002Fjns.1996.84.4.0565",{"id":23,"text":1752,"url":23,"identifiers":1753},"Han, 2002, Thoracoscopic approaches to the thoracic spine: experience with 241 surgical procedures, Neurosurgery, 51, 88",{},{"id":23,"text":1755,"url":23,"identifiers":1756},"Le Huec, 2001, Minimally invasive endoscopic approach to the cervicothoracic junction for vertebral metastases: report of two cases, Eur Spine J, 10, 421, 10.1007\u002Fs005860100281",{"doi":1757},"10.1007\u002Fs005860100281",{"id":23,"text":1759,"url":23,"identifiers":1760},"Huang, 1999, Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery to the upper thoracic spine, Surg Endosc, 13, 123, 10.1007\u002Fs004649900919",{"doi":1761},"10.1007\u002Fs004649900919",{"id":23,"text":1763,"url":23,"identifiers":1764},"Weill, 1996, Spinal metastases: indications for and results of percutaneous injection of acrylic surgical cement, Radiology, 199, 241, 10.1148\u002Fradiology.199.1.8633152",{"doi":1765},"10.1148\u002Fradiology.199.1.8633152",{"id":23,"text":1767,"url":23,"identifiers":1768},"Cotten, 1996, Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteolytic metastases and myeloma: effects of the percentage of lesion filling and the leakage of methyl methacrylate at clinical follow-up, Radiology, 200, 525, 10.1148\u002Fradiology.200.2.8685351",{"doi":1769},"10.1148\u002Fradiology.200.2.8685351",{"id":23,"text":1771,"url":23,"identifiers":1772},"Laredo, 1997, Acrylic bone cement injection for the treatment of bone metastases, Rev Rheum Engl Ed, 64, 145",{},{"id":23,"text":1774,"url":23,"identifiers":1775},"Levine, 2000, An evidence-based evaluation of percutaneous vertebroplasty, Manag Care, 9, 56",{},{"id":23,"text":1777,"url":23,"identifiers":1778},"Barr, 2000, Percutaneous vertebroplasty for pain relief and spinal stabilization, Spine, 25, 923, 10.1097\u002F00007632-200004150-00005",{"doi":1779},"10.1097\u002F00007632-200004150-00005",{"id":23,"text":1781,"url":23,"identifiers":1782},"Fourney, 2003, Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for painful vertebral body fractures in cancer patients, J Neurosurg, 98, 21",{},{"id":23,"text":1784,"url":23,"identifiers":1785},"Kaemmerlen, 1989, Percutaneous injection of orthopedic cement in metastatic vertebral lesions, N Engl J Med, 321, 121, 10.1056\u002FNEJM198907133210214",{"doi":1786},"10.1056\u002FNEJM198907133210214",{"id":23,"text":1788,"url":23,"identifiers":1789},"Tan, 1969, Radiation myelitis in carcinoma of the nasopharynx, Clin Radiol, 20, 329, 10.1016\u002FS0009-9260(69)80151-0",{"doi":1790},"10.1016\u002FS0009-9260(69)80151-0",{"id":23,"text":1792,"url":23,"identifiers":1793},"Koehler, 1996, Delayed radiation myelopathy: serial MR-imaging and pathology, Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 98, 197, 10.1016\u002F0303-8467(96)00017-0",{"doi":1794},"10.1016\u002F0303-8467(96)00017-0",{"id":23,"text":1796,"url":23,"identifiers":1797},"Wara, 1975, Radiation tolerance of the spinal cord, Cancer, 35, 1558, 10.1002\u002F1097-0142(197506)35:6\u003C1558::AID-CNCR2820350613>3.0.CO;2-7",{"doi":1798},"10.1002\u002F1097-0142(197506)35:6\u003C1558::AID-CNCR2820350613>3.0.CO;2-7",{"id":23,"text":1800,"url":23,"identifiers":1801},"Hamilton, 1995, Preliminary clinical experience with linear accelerator-based spinal stereotactic radiosurgery, Neurosurgery, 36, 311, 10.1227\u002F00006123-199502000-00010",{"doi":1802},"10.1227\u002F00006123-199502000-00010",{"id":23,"text":1804,"url":23,"identifiers":1805},"Takacs, 1999, Extracranial stereotactic radiosurgery: applications for the spine and beyond, Neurosurg Clin N Am, 10, 257, 10.1016\u002FS1042-3680(18)30192-X",{"doi":1806},"10.1016\u002FS1042-3680(18)30192-X",{"id":23,"text":1808,"url":23,"identifiers":1809},"Ryu, 2003, Image-guided and intensity-modulated radiosurgery for patients with spinal metastasis, Cancer, 97, 2013, 10.1002\u002Fcncr.11296",{"doi":1810},"10.1002\u002Fcncr.11296",{"id":23,"text":1812,"url":23,"identifiers":1813},"Ryu, 2003, Image-guided spinal stereotactic radiosurgery, Techn Neurosurg, 8, 56, 10.1097\u002F00127927-200308010-00008",{"doi":1814},"10.1097\u002F00127927-200308010-00008",{"id":23,"text":1816,"url":23,"identifiers":1817},"Ryu, 2001, Image-guided hypo-fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery to spinal lesions, Neurosurgery, 49, 838",{},{"id":23,"text":1819,"url":23,"identifiers":1820},"Gertszten, 2001, Feasibility of frameless single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal lesions, Neurosurg Focus, 13",{},{"id":1822,"createTime":1823,"updateTime":1823,"relativeEntities":1824,"slug":1825,"properties":1826,"entityType":188,"verifyStatus":189,"verifyTime":1840,"verifyNote":190,"syncStatus":22,"languages":1841,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":1842,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":1843,"publicationType":216,"publisherRelationship":1898,"citationCount":1935,"citationInfo":1936,"publishDate":1941,"publishYear":1942,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":23,"openAccess":23,"references":1943,"isForceReanalyzing":273},"628ef31a-52db-4d03-a2dd-53a390e456d5","2024-09-27T20:49:42.494+00:00",[],"Expanding-Criteria-for-Resectability-of-Colorectal-Liver-Metastases",{"mag":1827,"keywords":1829,"openalex":1830,"abstract":1832,"title":1834,"pm":1836,"doi":1838},{"VOID":1828},"2158918006",{},{"VOID":1831},"W2158918006",{"EN":1833},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Learning Objectives\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify the criteria for hepatic resection of colorectal metastases.Describe strategies for expanding the number of patients who may potentially benefit from hepatic resection.List the factors associated with poor prognosis following hepatic resection.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Surgical resection is the treatment of choice in patients with colorectal liver metastases, with 5-year survival rates reported in the range of 40%–58%. Over the past 10 years, there has been an impetus to expand the criteria for defining resectability for patients with colorectal metastases. In the past, such features as the number of metastases (three to four), the size of the tumor lesion, and a mandatory 1-cm margin of resection dictated who was “resectable.” More recently, the criteria for resectability have been expanded to include any patient in whom all disease can be removed with a negative margin and who has adequate hepatic volume\u002Freserve. Specifically, instead of resectability being defined by what is removed, decisions concerning resectability now center around what will remain after resection. Under this new paradigm, the number of patients with resectable disease can be expanded by increasing\u002Fpreserving hepatic reserve (e.g., portal vein embolization, two-stage hepatectomy), combining resection with ablation, and decreasing tumor size (preoperative chemotherapy). The criteria for resectability have also expanded to include patients with extrahepatic disease. Rather than being an absolute contraindication to surgery, patients with both intra- and extrahepatic disease should potentially be considered for resection based on strict selection criteria. The expansion of criteria for resectability of colorectal liver metastases requires a much more nuanced and sophisticated approach to the patient with advanced disease. A therapeutic approach that includes all aspects of multidisciplinary and multimodality care is required to select and treat this complex group of patients.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":1835},"Expanding Criteria for Resectability of Colorectal Liver Metastases",{"VOID":1837},"18245012",{"VOID":1839},"10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.2007-0142","2024-09-27T20:49:42.493+00:00",[192],"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Foncolo\u002Farticle\u002F13\u002F1\u002F51\u002F6396574",[1844,1866,1881],{"id":1845,"sortIndex":130,"researcher":23,"roles":1846,"affiliations":1847,"properties":1859},"4a9b434f-a80d-455b-8941-c1781c5e8959",[],[1848],{"id":1849,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":1850,"properties":23},"c3a0ef67-b5ab-4cab-8bf2-f1e106dad39c",{"id":1851,"createTime":1852,"updateTime":1853,"relativeEntities":1854,"slug":1855,"properties":1856,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"17decb26-4249-4703-86ca-9f82225da393","2023-12-18T02:17:15.372+00:00","2024-12-05T21:58:07.950+00:00",[],"Department-of-Surgery-Johns-Hopkins-University-School-of-Medicine-Baltimore-Maryland-USA",{"title":1857},{"VI":1858},"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA",{"openalex":1860,"orcid":1862,"title":1864},{"VOID":1861},"A5075915892",{"VOID":1863},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-7360-7338",{"EN":1865},"Richard D. 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metastases: Impact on hepatic histology and postoperative outcome, J Gastrointest Surg, 11, 860, 10.1007\u002Fs11605-007-0149-4",{"doi":2303},"10.1007\u002Fs11605-007-0149-4",{"id":23,"text":2305,"url":23,"identifiers":2306},"Vauthey, 2006, Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases, J Clin Oncol, 24, 2065, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2005.05.3074",{"doi":2307},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2005.05.3074",{"id":23,"text":2309,"url":23,"identifiers":2310},"Benoist, 2006, Complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: Does it mean cure?, J Clin Oncol, 24, 3939, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2006.05.8727",{"doi":2311},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2006.05.8727",{"id":23,"text":2313,"url":23,"identifiers":2314},"Nagakura, 2001, Simultaneous detection of colorectal carcinoma liver and lung metastases does not warrant resection, J Am Coll Surg, 193, 153, 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10.1016\u002FS0003-4975(00)01417-X",{"doi":2331},"10.1016\u002FS0003-4975(00)01417-X",{"id":23,"text":2333,"url":23,"identifiers":2334},"Inoue, 2004, Benefits of surgery for patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma, Ann Thorac Surg, 78, 238, 10.1016\u002Fj.athoracsur.2004.02.017",{"doi":2335},"10.1016\u002Fj.athoracsur.2004.02.017",{"id":23,"text":2337,"url":23,"identifiers":2338},"Sakamoto, 2001, Pulmonary resection for metastases from colorectal cancer, Chest, 119, 1069, 10.1378\u002Fchest.119.4.1069",{"doi":2339},"10.1378\u002Fchest.119.4.1069",{"id":23,"text":2341,"url":23,"identifiers":2342},"Murata, 1998, Resection of both hepatic and pulmonary metastases in patients with colorectal carcinoma, Cancer, 83, 1086, 10.1002\u002F(SICI)1097-0142(19980915)83:6\u003C1086::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-6",{"doi":2343},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1097-0142(19980915)83:6\u003C1086::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-6",{"id":23,"text":2345,"url":23,"identifiers":2346},"Kobayashi, 1999, Surgical treatment 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10.1016\u002FS1072-7515(03)00387-9",{"doi":2359},"10.1016\u002FS1072-7515(03)00387-9",{"id":23,"text":2361,"url":23,"identifiers":2362},"Iwatsuki, 1999, Hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma: A proposal of a prognostic scoring system, J Am Coll Surg, 189, 291, 10.1016\u002FS1072-7515(99)00089-7",{"doi":2363},"10.1016\u002FS1072-7515(99)00089-7",{"id":23,"text":2365,"url":23,"identifiers":2366},"Nakamura, 1999, Resection of hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma: 20 years' experience, J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 6, 16, 10.1007\u002Fs005340050079",{"doi":2367},"10.1007\u002Fs005340050079",{"id":23,"text":2369,"url":23,"identifiers":2370},"Jaeck, 2003, The significance of hepatic pedicle lymph nodes metastases in surgical management of colorectal liver metastases and of other liver malignancies, Ann Surg Oncol, 10, 1007, 10.1245\u002FASO.2003.09.903",{"doi":2371},"10.1245\u002FASO.2003.09.903",{"id":23,"text":2373,"url":23,"identifiers":2374},"Jaeck, 2002, Significance of hepatic pedicle lymph node involvement in patients with colorectal liver metastases: A prospective study, Ann Surg Oncol, 9, 430, 10.1007\u002FBF02557264",{"doi":2375},"10.1007\u002FBF02557264",{"id":23,"text":2377,"url":23,"identifiers":2378},"da Silva, 2006, Analysis of prognostic factors in seventy patients having a complete cytoreduction plus perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer, J Am Coll Surg, 203, 878, 10.1016\u002Fj.jamcollsurg.2006.08.024",{"doi":2379},"10.1016\u002Fj.jamcollsurg.2006.08.024",{"id":23,"text":2381,"url":23,"identifiers":2382},"Glehen, 2004, Cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: A multi-institutional study, J Clin Oncol, 22, 3284, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2004.10.012",{"doi":2383},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2004.10.012",{"id":23,"text":2385,"url":23,"identifiers":2386},"McAfee, 1992, Colorectal lung 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A ten year experience, Chest, 89, 109, 10.1378\u002Fchest.89.1.109",{"doi":2391},"10.1378\u002Fchest.89.1.109",{"id":23,"text":2393,"url":23,"identifiers":2394},"Joyce, 2006, Preoperative positron emission tomography to evaluate potentially resectable hepatic colorectal metastases, Arch Surg, 141, 1220, 10.1001\u002Farchsurg.141.12.1220",{"doi":2395},"10.1001\u002Farchsurg.141.12.1220",{"id":23,"text":2397,"url":23,"identifiers":2398},"Giacchetti, 2000, Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 18, 136, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2000.18.1.136",{"doi":2399},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2000.18.1.136",{"id":23,"text":2401,"url":23,"identifiers":2402},"Kohne, 2005, Phase III study of weekly high-dose infusional fluorouracil plus folinic acid with or without irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Group Study 40986, J Clin Oncol, 23, 4856, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2005.05.546",{"doi":2403},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2005.05.546",{"id":23,"text":2405,"url":23,"identifiers":2406},"Tournigand, 2004, FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: A randomized GERCOR study, J Clin Oncol, 22, 229, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2004.05.113",{"doi":2407},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2004.05.113",{"id":2409,"createTime":2410,"updateTime":2410,"relativeEntities":2411,"slug":2412,"properties":2413,"entityType":188,"verifyStatus":189,"verifyTime":2410,"verifyNote":190,"syncStatus":22,"languages":2427,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":2428,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":2429,"publicationType":216,"publisherRelationship":2470,"citationCount":1938,"citationInfo":2507,"publishDate":2509,"publishYear":1514,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":23,"openAccess":23,"references":2510,"isForceReanalyzing":273},"b187ccbe-6a34-4efa-9f27-3b2c4129d0ba","2024-09-21T20:45:09.936+00:00",[],"Efficacy-of-First-Line-Letrozole-Versus-Tamoxifen-as-a-Function-of-Age-in-Postmenopausal-Women-with-Advanced-Breast-Cancer",{"mag":2414,"keywords":2416,"openalex":2417,"abstract":2419,"title":2421,"pm":2423,"doi":2425},{"VOID":2415},"2166103396",{},{"VOID":2418},"W2166103396",{"EN":2420},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Learning Objectives\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>After completing this course, the reader will be able to:\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Identify those patients in both age groups who responded most favorably to first-line therapy with letrozole. Describe the advantages of first-line treatment with letrozole in older patients with advanced breast cancer. Discuss the role of first-line therapy with letrozole in the management of advanced breast cancer.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Purpose. To compare the efficacy, in regard to time to progression (TTP) and objective response rate (ORR), of letrozole (Femara®; Novartis Pharma AG; Basel Switzerland), an oral aromatase inhibitor, with that of tamoxifen (Tamofen®; Leiras OY; Turku, Finland) as first-line therapy in younger (<70 years) and older (≥70 years) postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Materials and Methods. Nine hundred seven patients with advanced breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive 2.5 mg letrozole (n = 453) or 20 mg tamoxifen (n = 454) once daily in a double-blind, multicenter, international trial. Among the prospectively planned analyses were analyses of TTP and ORR by age (<70 and ≥70 years). The results of these prospectively planned analyses are reported here.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Results. Letrozole was as effective in older postmenopausal women (≥70 years of age) as it was in younger postmenopausal women (<70 years of age). The overall ORR in the older subgroup was significantly higher in patients treated with letrozole (38%) than in patients treated with tamoxifen (18%). In the younger subgroup of postmenopausal patients, the ORRs were not significantly different (letrozole, 26%; tamoxifen, 22%). TTP was significantly longer for letrozole than for tamoxifen in both age groups (younger: letrozole median TTP, 8.8 months; tamoxifen, 6.0 months; older: letrozole median TTP, 12.2 months; tamoxifen, 5.8 months). Although age was independently prognostic of TTP, there was no significant effect of age on ORR in the presence of other factors.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Conclusion. The data show that letrozole, 2.5 mg once daily, is as effective in older, postmenopausal women as it is in younger postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. In addition, letrozole was more effective than tamoxifen in both younger and older patients.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2422},"Efficacy of First-Line Letrozole Versus Tamoxifen as a Function of Age in Postmenopausal Women with Advanced Breast Cancer",{"VOID":2424},"15477634",{"VOID":2426},"10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.9-5-497",[192],"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Foncolo\u002Farticle\u002F9\u002F5\u002F497\u002F6387982",[2430,2450],{"id":2431,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":2432,"affiliations":2433,"properties":2445},"b18b2c4c-163f-4f58-ae05-b8f8b216976b",[],[2434],{"id":2435,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2436,"properties":23},"196b3cbe-1122-47d8-9b6f-d4df02fa50d5",{"id":2437,"createTime":2438,"updateTime":2439,"relativeEntities":2440,"slug":2441,"properties":2442,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"3ff6b52e-d26c-45f4-baa9-c49e07b1b317","2023-11-26T06:43:51.972+00:00","2024-12-28T01:44:44.049+00:00",[],"Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen-Denmark",{"title":2443},{"VI":2444},"Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark",{"openalex":2446,"title":2448},{"VOID":2447},"A5071541231",{"EN":2449},"Henning T. Mouridsen",{"id":2451,"sortIndex":130,"researcher":23,"roles":2452,"affiliations":2453,"properties":2465},"280e38c2-a4f3-4fe6-aa89-4c2c16cac7e5",[],[2454],{"id":2455,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2456,"properties":23},"189f8dd1-41cf-41e4-bdaf-5d8e095e2d1b",{"id":2457,"createTime":2458,"updateTime":2459,"relativeEntities":2460,"slug":2461,"properties":2462,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"ca485cd7-023f-4e7c-84a5-27e05967b997","2023-12-25T08:52:29.633+00:00","2024-12-01T14:33:15.941+00:00",[],"Novartis-Pharma-AG-Basel-Switzerland",{"title":2463},{"VI":2464},"Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland",{"openalex":2466,"title":2468},{"VOID":2467},"A5088902488",{"EN":2469},"Hilary A. 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Arimidex Study Group, J Clin Oncol, 18, 3758, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2000.18.22.3758",{"doi":2538},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2000.18.22.3758",{"id":23,"text":2540,"url":23,"identifiers":2541},"Ragaz, 1999, Status of aromatase inhibitors in relation to other breast cancer treatment modalities, Endocr Relat Cancer, 6, 277, 10.1677\u002Ferc.0.0060277",{"doi":2542},"10.1677\u002Ferc.0.0060277",{"id":23,"text":2544,"url":23,"identifiers":2545},"Mouridsen, 2002, Correspondence, J Clin Oncol, 20, 877",{},{"id":23,"text":2547,"url":23,"identifiers":2548},"Mouridsen, 2003, Phase III study of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: analysis of survival and update of efficacy from the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group, J Clin Oncol, 21, 2101, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2003.04.194",{"doi":2549},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2003.04.194",{"id":23,"text":2551,"url":23,"identifiers":2552},"Lipton, 2001, Serum HER-2\u002Fneu and response to the aromatase inhibitor letrozole versus tamoxifen, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 69, 210",{},{"id":23,"text":2554,"url":23,"identifiers":2555},"Suhail, 11–14, 2002, Predictive factors and response to letrozole vs tamoxifen, Accepted for presentation at 25th San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium",{},{"id":23,"text":2557,"url":23,"identifiers":2558},"Data on file, Novartis Pharma AG",{},{"id":23,"text":2560,"url":23,"identifiers":2561},"Pfister, 2001, Effect of age and single versus multiple dose pharmacokinetics of letrozole (Femara) in breast cancer patients, Biopharm Drug Dispos, 22, 191, 10.1002\u002Fbdd.273",{"doi":2562},"10.1002\u002Fbdd.273",{"id":2564,"createTime":2565,"updateTime":2565,"relativeEntities":2566,"slug":2567,"properties":2568,"entityType":188,"verifyStatus":189,"verifyTime":2565,"verifyNote":190,"syncStatus":22,"languages":2582,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":2583,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":2584,"publicationType":216,"publisherRelationship":2662,"citationCount":2698,"citationInfo":2699,"publishDate":2701,"publishYear":259,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":23,"openAccess":23,"references":2702,"isForceReanalyzing":273},"7878de7e-325b-4950-a80e-873ba48f6cf1","2024-09-25T20:32:47.362+00:00",[],"Intravascular-Lymphoma-The-Oncologist-s-Great-Imitator-",{"mag":2569,"keywords":2571,"openalex":2572,"abstract":2574,"title":2576,"pm":2578,"doi":2580},{"VOID":2570},"2116637154",{},{"VOID":2573},"W2116637154",{"EN":2575},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Learning Objectives\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the clinicopathologic features of IVL that distinguish it from the other large-cell lymphomas.Discuss the diagnostic tests helpful in evaluating a case of suspected IVL.Explain the rationale for treatment approaches in patients with IVL, including the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare subtype of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with a distinct presentation. Anatomically the disease is characterized by the proliferation of clonal lymphocytes within small vessels with relative sparing of the surrounding tissue. The clinical symptoms of the disease are dependent on the specific organ involvement, which most often includes the central nervous system and skin. Because of the various modes of presentation and the rarity of IVL, the diagnosis is often made postmortem. The diagnosis is almost exclusively made by surgical biopsy of a suspected site of involvement. Advances in imaging and immunohistochemistry have led to increasing antemortem diagnosis of this lymphoma. Although some patients with this disease may be curable with aggressive therapy, further research into novel treatment strategies is needed to improve outcome. Some potential insights into future therapies may be drawn from the small amount of basic science literature relevant to this entity. This review provides a concise, up-to-date summary of IVL.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2577},"Intravascular Lymphoma: The Oncologist's “Great Imitator”",{"VOID":2579},"16720850",{"VOID":2581},"10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.11-5-496",[192],"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Foncolo\u002Farticle\u002F11\u002F5\u002F496\u002F6397086",[2585,2618,2641],{"id":2586,"sortIndex":119,"researcher":23,"roles":2587,"affiliations":2588,"properties":2611},"cff48d59-9b91-4d4e-b314-7ca592773b35",[],[2589,2600],{"id":2590,"sortIndex":130,"affiliation":2591,"properties":23},"b2cc2f46-82e0-42ff-bb10-0f0337b10ab3",{"id":2592,"createTime":2593,"updateTime":2594,"relativeEntities":2595,"slug":2596,"properties":2597,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"19359f55-8bd4-4085-8883-a0573f537139","2023-12-07T05:20:16.822+00:00","2025-02-05T17:46:32.394+00:00",[],"Harvard-Medical-School-Boston-Massachusetts-USA",{"title":2598},{"VI":2599},"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA",{"id":2601,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2602,"properties":23},"13da87f1-b304-4b3d-a8f9-0b9d1e83c44f",{"id":2603,"createTime":2604,"updateTime":2605,"relativeEntities":2606,"slug":2607,"properties":2608,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"0155730b-cef0-4e15-89d4-ea98af38a722","2024-09-25T20:32:47.379+00:00","2025-06-11T14:47:44.927+00:00",[],"Cancer-Center-Massachusetts-General-Hospital-Boston-Massachusetts-USA-Harvard-Medical-School-Boston-Massachusetts-USA",{"title":2609},{"EN":2610},"Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA",{"openalex":2612,"orcid":2614,"title":2616},{"VOID":2613},"A5035186913",{"VOID":2615},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9050-7208",{"EN":2617},"Ephraim P. 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immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies, Leuk Lymphoma, 34, 569, 10.3109\u002F10428199909058485",{"doi":2735},"10.3109\u002F10428199909058485",{"id":23,"text":2737,"url":23,"identifiers":2738},"Ferry, 1988, Intravascular lymphomatosis (malignant angioendotheliomatosis). A B-cell neoplasm expressing surface homing receptors, Mod Pathol, 1, 444",{},{"id":23,"text":2740,"url":23,"identifiers":2741},"Jalkanen, 1989, Lymphocyte homing receptors and adhesion molecules in intravascular malignant lymphomatosis, Int J Cancer, 44, 777, 10.1002\u002Fijc.2910440505",{"doi":2742},"10.1002\u002Fijc.2910440505",{"id":23,"text":2744,"url":23,"identifiers":2745},"Cartron, 2002, Therapeutic activity of humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor FcgammaRIIIa gene, Blood, 99, 754, 10.1182\u002Fblood.V99.3.754",{"doi":2746},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V99.3.754",{"id":23,"text":2748,"url":23,"identifiers":2749},"Khalidi, 1998, Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: the CD5 antigen is expressed by a subset of cases, Mod Pathol, 11, 983",{},{"id":23,"text":2751,"url":23,"identifiers":2752},"Estalilla, 1999, Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. 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A report of ten patients with central nervous system involvement and a review of the disease process, Adv Exp Med Biol, 455, 249, 10.1007\u002F978-1-4615-4857-7_37",{"doi":2805},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4615-4857-7_37",{"id":23,"text":2807,"url":23,"identifiers":2808},"Vieren, 1999, Intravascular lymphomatosis of the brain: a diagnostic problem, Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 101, 33, 10.1016\u002FS0303-8467(98)00074-2",{"doi":2809},"10.1016\u002FS0303-8467(98)00074-2",{"id":23,"text":2811,"url":23,"identifiers":2812},"Glass, 1993, Intravascular lymphomatosis. A systemic disease with neurologic manifestations, Cancer, 71, 3156, 10.1002\u002F1097-0142(19930515)71:10\u003C3156::AID-CNCR2820711043>3.0.CO;2-O",{"doi":2813},"10.1002\u002F1097-0142(19930515)71:10\u003C3156::AID-CNCR2820711043>3.0.CO;2-O",{"id":23,"text":2815,"url":23,"identifiers":2816},"Fredericks, 1991, Angiotropic intravascular large-cell lymphoma (malignant angioendotheliomatosis): report of a case and review of the literature, Surg Neurol, 35, 218, 10.1016\u002F0090-3019(91)90074-J",{"doi":2817},"10.1016\u002F0090-3019(91)90074-J",{"id":23,"text":2819,"url":23,"identifiers":2820},"Baehring, 2003, A new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of intravascular lymphoma, J Neurooncol, 61, 237, 10.1023\u002FA:1022588812415",{"doi":2821},"10.1023\u002FA:1022588812415",{"id":23,"text":2823,"url":23,"identifiers":2824},"Song, 2002, Angiotropic large cell lymphoma with imaging characteristics of CNS vasculitis, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 23, 239",{},{"id":23,"text":2826,"url":23,"identifiers":2827},"Demirer, 1994, Four varied cases of intravascular lymphomatosis and a literature review, Cancer, 73, 1738, 10.1002\u002F1097-0142(19940315)73:6\u003C1738::AID-CNCR2820730631>3.0.CO;2-U",{"doi":2828},"10.1002\u002F1097-0142(19940315)73:6\u003C1738::AID-CNCR2820730631>3.0.CO;2-U",{"id":23,"text":2830,"url":23,"identifiers":2831},"Stroup, 1990, Angiotropic (intravascular) large cell lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study of seven cases with unique clinical presentations, Cancer, 66, 1781, 10.1002\u002F1097-0142(19901015)66:8\u003C1781::AID-CNCR2820660824>3.0.CO;2-5",{"doi":2832},"10.1002\u002F1097-0142(19901015)66:8\u003C1781::AID-CNCR2820660824>3.0.CO;2-5",{"id":23,"text":2834,"url":23,"identifiers":2835},"Gill, 2003, Use of random skin biopsy to diagnose intravascular lymphoma presenting as fever of unknown origin, Am J Med, 114, 56, 10.1016\u002FS0002-9343(02)01378-5",{"doi":2836},"10.1016\u002FS0002-9343(02)01378-5",{"id":23,"text":2838,"url":23,"identifiers":2839},"Kidson-Gerber, 2005, Two cases of intravascular lymphoma: highlighting the diagnostic difficulties in pyrexia of unknown origin, Intern Med J, 35, 569, 10.1111\u002Fj.1445-5994.2005.00905.x",{"doi":2840},"10.1111\u002Fj.1445-5994.2005.00905.x",{"id":23,"text":2842,"url":23,"identifiers":2843},"Murase, 1997, Malignant histiocytosis-like B-cell lymphoma, a distinct pathologic variant of intravascular lymphomatosis: a report of five cases and review of the literature, Br J Haematol, 99, 656, 10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2141.1997.4623265.x",{"doi":2844},"10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2141.1997.4623265.x",{"id":23,"text":2846,"url":23,"identifiers":2847},"Murase, 1999, An Asian variant of intravascular lymphomatosis: an updated review of malignant histiocytosis-like B-cell lymphoma, Leuk Lymphoma, 33, 459, 10.3109\u002F10428199909058451",{"doi":2848},"10.3109\u002F10428199909058451",{"id":23,"text":2850,"url":23,"identifiers":2851},"Murase, 1998, Detection of antibodies to Fasciola and Anisakis in Japanese patients with intravascular lymphomatosis, Blood, 92, 2182, 10.1182\u002Fblood.V92.6.2182",{"doi":2852},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V92.6.2182",{"id":23,"text":2854,"url":23,"identifiers":2855},"Ferreri, 2004, Anthracycline-based chemotherapy as primary treatment for intravascular lymphoma, Ann Oncol, 15, 1215, 10.1093\u002Fannonc\u002Fmdh274",{"doi":2856},"10.1093\u002Fannonc\u002Fmdh274",{"id":23,"text":2858,"url":23,"identifiers":2859},"DiGiuseppe, 1994, Intravascular lymphomatosis: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases and assessment of response to chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 12, 2573, 10.1200\u002FJCO.1994.12.12.2573",{"doi":2860},"10.1200\u002FJCO.1994.12.12.2573",{"id":23,"text":2862,"url":23,"identifiers":2863},"Feugier, 2005, Long-term results of the R-CHOP study in the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a study by the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte, J Clin Oncol, 23, 4117, 10.1200\u002FJCO.2005.09.131",{"doi":2864},"10.1200\u002FJCO.2005.09.131",{"id":23,"text":2866,"url":23,"identifiers":2867},"Bazhenova, 2006, Intravascular lymphoma: a role for single-agent rituximab, Leuk Lymphoma, 47, 337, 10.1080\u002F10428190500300837",{"doi":2868},"10.1080\u002F10428190500300837",{"id":23,"text":2870,"url":23,"identifiers":2871},"Alfaro, 2004, et al. [Intravascular lymphoma treated with anti CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Report of one case], Rev Med Chil, 132, 1403",{},{"id":23,"text":2873,"url":23,"identifiers":2874},"Koizumi, 2001, Successful treatment of intravascular malignant lymphomatosis with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, Bone Marrow Transplant, 27, 1101, 10.1038\u002Fsj.bmt.1703038",{"doi":2875},"10.1038\u002Fsj.bmt.1703038",{"id":23,"text":2877,"url":23,"identifiers":2878},"Yamaguchi, 2001, Successful autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for relapsed intravascular lymphomatosis, Bone Marrow Transplant, 27, 89, 10.1038\u002Fsj.bmt.1702735",{"doi":2879},"10.1038\u002Fsj.bmt.1702735",{"id":23,"text":2881,"url":23,"identifiers":2882},"Sawamoto, 2006, Long-term remission after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for relapsed intravascular lymphoma, Bone Marrow Transplant, 37, 233, 10.1038\u002Fsj.bmt.1705220",{"doi":2883},"10.1038\u002Fsj.bmt.1705220",{"id":23,"text":2885,"url":23,"identifiers":2886},"Rose, 1999, Successful autologous bone marrow transplantation in intravascular lymphomatosis, Br J Haematol, 105, 313, 10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2141.1999.1368a.x",{"doi":2887},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2141.1999.1368a.x",{"id":23,"text":2889,"url":23,"identifiers":2890},"Nixon, 2005, Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma involving hemangiomas: an unusual presentation of a rare neoplasm, Mod Pathol, 18, 1121, 10.1038\u002Fmodpathol.3800397",{"doi":2891},"10.1038\u002Fmodpathol.3800397",{"id":23,"text":2893,"url":23,"identifiers":2894},"Debiais, 2004, A spinal cord intravascular lymphomatosis with exceptionally good outcome, Neurology, 63, 1329, 10.1212\u002F01.WNL.0000140618.27569.F6",{"doi":2895},"10.1212\u002F01.WNL.0000140618.27569.F6",{"id":23,"text":2897,"url":23,"identifiers":2898},"Harris, 1994, Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis: amelioration of neurological symptoms with plasmapheresis, Ann Neurol, 35, 357, 10.1002\u002Fana.410350318",{"doi":2899},"10.1002\u002Fana.410350318",{"id":23,"text":2901,"url":23,"identifiers":2902},"Chapin, 1995, Neurologic manifestations of intravascular lymphomatosis, Acta Neurol Scand, 91, 494, 10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0404.1995.tb00452.x",{"doi":2903},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0404.1995.tb00452.x",{"id":23,"text":2905,"url":23,"identifiers":2906},"Domizio, 1989, Angiotropic large cell lymphoma (ACLC): morphological, immunohistochemical and genotypic studies with analysis of previous reports, Hematol Oncol, 7, 195, 10.1002\u002Fhon.2900070303",{"doi":2907},"10.1002\u002Fhon.2900070303",{"id":2909,"createTime":2910,"updateTime":2910,"relativeEntities":2911,"slug":2912,"properties":2913,"entityType":188,"verifyStatus":189,"verifyTime":2910,"verifyNote":190,"syncStatus":22,"languages":2929,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":2930,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":2931,"publicationType":216,"publisherRelationship":3074,"citationCount":128,"citationInfo":3111,"publishDate":3113,"publishYear":3114,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":23,"openAccess":23,"references":3115,"isForceReanalyzing":273},"292bb6ea-ddf5-4e50-bfb6-71df174cbde5","2024-10-08T20:30:21.709+00:00",[],"Current-and-Emerging-Therapies-for-Advanced-Adrenocortical-Carcinoma",{"mag":2914,"keywords":2916,"pmc":2917,"openalex":2919,"abstract":2921,"title":2923,"pm":2925,"doi":2927},{"VOID":2915},"2130371183",{},{"VOID":2918},"3228049",{"VOID":2920},"W2130371183",{"EN":2922},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Learning Objectives\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Review the role and describe the limitations of conventional therapies for adrenocortical carcinoma.Evaluate the current preclinical molecular research contributing to the rational selection of targeted therapies for adrenocortical carcinoma.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Complete surgical resection offers the only potential for cure; however, even after apparently successful excision, local or metastatic recurrence is frequent. Treatment options for advanced ACC are severely limited. Mitotane is the only recognized adrenolytic therapy available; however, response rates are modest and unpredictable whereas systemic toxicities are significant. Reported responses to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy have also been disappointing, and the rarity of ACC had hampered the ability to undertake randomized clinical studies until the establishment of the First International Randomized Trial in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma. This yet-to-be reported study seeks to identify the most effective first- and second-line cytotoxic regimens. The past decade has also seen increasing research into the molecular pathogenesis of ACCs, with particular interest in the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway. The widespread development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors in broader oncological practice is now allowing for the rational selection of targeted therapies to study in ACC. In this review, we discuss the currently available therapeutic options for patients with advanced ACC and detail the molecular rationale behind, and clinical evidence for, novel and emerging therapies.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2924},"Current and Emerging Therapies for Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma",{"VOID":2926},"21212436",{"VOID":2928},"10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.2010-0270",[192],"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Foncolo\u002Farticle\u002F16\u002F1\u002F36\u002F6400641",[2932,2961,2988,3011,3038,3059],{"id":2933,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":2934,"affiliations":2935,"properties":2956},"052dddff-073d-43fe-bff9-a935897e1743",[],[2936,2946],{"id":2937,"sortIndex":130,"affiliation":2938,"properties":23},"f9e564f0-ea8b-4ee5-a218-b89babdb9ce1",{"id":2939,"createTime":2940,"updateTime":2940,"relativeEntities":2941,"slug":2942,"properties":2943,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"4a7196ca-2fd5-4d2b-b82e-893be4715568","2024-10-08T20:30:21.768+00:00",[],"bDepartment-of-Endocrinology-Royal-North-Shore-Hospital-St-Leonards-Australia",{"title":2944},{"EN":2945},"bDepartment of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia",{"id":2947,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2948,"properties":23},"44055ee1-7c9d-467e-babb-290a438a6e59",{"id":2949,"createTime":2950,"updateTime":2950,"relativeEntities":2951,"slug":2952,"properties":2953,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"c8c4de48-62d8-42e6-8245-b4df4244e549","2024-10-08T20:30:21.758+00:00",[],"aCancer-Genetics-Unit-Hormones-Cancer-Group-Kolling-Institute-of-Medical-Research-University-of-Sydney-Sydney-Australia",{"title":2954},{"EN":2955},"aCancer Genetics Unit, Hormones & Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia",{"openalex":2957,"title":2959},{"VOID":2958},"A5075485840",{"EN":2960},"Lyndal Tacon",{"id":2962,"sortIndex":131,"researcher":23,"roles":2963,"affiliations":2964,"properties":2981},"9882f8e6-69f6-41af-bd81-b81d5a25e4ad",[],[2965,2975],{"id":2966,"sortIndex":130,"affiliation":2967,"properties":23},"c581ccc3-3e69-4fac-a4e4-7462a3753f86",{"id":2968,"createTime":2969,"updateTime":2969,"relativeEntities":2970,"slug":2971,"properties":2972,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"678a0bfc-9da5-499d-a94f-0e83627973ff","2024-10-08T20:30:21.796+00:00",[],"cDepartment-of-Endocrine-and-Oncology-Surgery-Royal-North-Shore-Hospital-St-Leonards-Australia",{"title":2973},{"EN":2974},"cDepartment of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia",{"id":2976,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2977,"properties":23},"0bc5d4fa-1787-4f5d-91b2-b76297ffd8e3",{"id":2949,"createTime":2950,"updateTime":2950,"relativeEntities":2978,"slug":2952,"properties":2979,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},[],{"title":2980},{"EN":2955},{"openalex":2982,"orcid":2984,"title":2986},{"VOID":2983},"A5103578826",{"VOID":2985},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-6592-9852",{"EN":2987},"Stan B. 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Cancer, 42, 1040, 10.1016\u002Fj.ejca.2006.01.022",{"doi":3801},"10.1016\u002Fj.ejca.2006.01.022",{"id":23,"text":3803,"url":23,"identifiers":3804},"Doghman, 2007, Increased steroidogenic factor-1 dosage triggers adrenocortical cell proliferation and cancer, Mol Endocrinol, 21, 2968, 10.1210\u002Fme.2007-0120",{"doi":3805},"10.1210\u002Fme.2007-0120",{"id":23,"text":3807,"url":23,"identifiers":3808},"Doghman, 2009, Inhibition of adrenocortical carcinoma cell proliferation by steroidogenic factor-1 inverse agonists, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94, 2178, 10.1210\u002Fjc.2008-2163",{"doi":3809},"10.1210\u002Fjc.2008-2163",{"id":3811,"createTime":3812,"updateTime":3812,"relativeEntities":3813,"slug":3814,"properties":3815,"entityType":188,"verifyStatus":189,"verifyTime":3831,"verifyNote":190,"syncStatus":22,"languages":3832,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":3833,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":3834,"publicationType":216,"publisherRelationship":3860,"citationCount":3898,"citationInfo":3899,"publishDate":3902,"publishYear":3903,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":23,"openAccess":23,"references":3904,"isForceReanalyzing":273},"c350f2cf-35df-494e-94c0-f65fb68b9315","2024-09-24T20:19:44.881+00:00",[],"Obesity-and-the-Risk-for-a-Hematological-Malignancy-Leukemia-Lymphoma-or-Myeloma",{"mag":3816,"keywords":3818,"pmc":3819,"openalex":3821,"abstract":3823,"title":3825,"pm":3827,"doi":3829},{"VOID":3817},"2123018120",{},{"VOID":3820},"3227901",{"VOID":3822},"W2123018120",{"EN":3824},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n               \u003Cjats:p>The aggregate of epidemiological studies indicates a significantly elevated risk for cancer in people with a high body mass index (BMI); a “dose–response” effect exists with increasing risk as BMI increases from the normal to overweight to obese categories. Successful sustained weight loss decreases future risk. The relationship of being overweight to the risk for leukemia in the aggregate has been supported in several large cohort studies and two meta-analyses of cohort and case–control studies. One meta-analysis found an elevated risk for each of the four major subtypes of leukemia. A significant association between the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and elevated BMI was supported by a meta-analysis of 13 cohort and nine case–control studies. The risk for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma may be especially significant. A high BMI increases the risk for myeloma, as judged by a meta-analysis of 11 cohort and four case–control studies. The biological relationship of obesity to the risk for cancer (biological plausibility) is unresolved. The two major causal final pathways could be “inductive” or “selective.” The metabolic, endocrinologic, immunologic, and inflammatory-like changes resulting from obesity may increase the cell mutation rate, dysregulate gene function, disturb DNA repair, or induce epigenetic changes, favoring the induction of neoplastic transformation (inductive). Alternatively, obesity may create an environment in which pre-existing clones that are dormant are permitted (selected) to emerge.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":3826},"Obesity and the Risk for a Hematological Malignancy: Leukemia, Lymphoma, or Myeloma",{"VOID":3828},"20930095",{"VOID":3830},"10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.2010-0206","2024-09-24T20:19:44.880+00:00",[192],"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Foncolo\u002Farticle\u002F15\u002F10\u002F1083\u002F6399484",[3835],{"id":3836,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":3837,"affiliations":3838,"properties":3853},"2a505aad-6e91-4fdf-b55f-55b357983e60",[],[3839],{"id":3840,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":3841,"properties":3850},"6dc3a3a1-8820-4600-81b8-3112dc66f9a7",{"id":3842,"createTime":3843,"updateTime":3844,"relativeEntities":3845,"slug":3846,"properties":3847,"entityType":60,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"syncStatus":22,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24},"8f204f17-fa1b-4f5f-9d13-e212816d2e4a","2024-09-29T08:59:35.507+00:00","2024-10-16T09:13:28.359+00:00",[],"University-of-Rochester-Medical-Center-Rochester-New-York-United-States",{"title":3848},{"EN":3849},"University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States",{"title":3851},{"VI":3852},"University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA",{"openalex":3854,"orcid":3856,"title":3858},{"VOID":3855},"A5022401670",{"VOID":3857},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-3558-809X",{"EN":3859},"Marshall A. 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