[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"_public_publisher_byId_45e2e62d-26dd-4a85-8fb1-4e0699b6ab2e":3,"_public_publication_all{\"sortAscending\":false,\"sortField\":\"updateTime\",\"page\":0,\"size\":10,\"facet\":true,\"searchKey\":\"publisherId:45e2e62d-26dd-4a85-8fb1-4e0699b6ab2e,\"}":45},{"code":4,"data":5,"meta":19},"SUCCESS",{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":9,"slug":10,"properties":11,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"subjectFields":21,"manageAffiliations":22,"indexDatabases":23,"url":19,"thumbnailPath":19,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":19,"type":44,"analyzePriority":19},"45e2e62d-26dd-4a85-8fb1-4e0699b6ab2e","2024-04-08T01:30:02.576+00:00","2024-10-04T11:02:59.776+00:00",[],"NeuroRX",{"issn":12,"title":14,"url":15},{"VOID":13},"15455343",{"EN":10},{"VOID":16},"https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Fjournal\u002F13311","PUBLISHER","PENDING",null,0,[],[],[],{"impactFactor":20,"impactFactorByYear":25,"i10Index":26,"i10IndexLast5Year":20,"totalPublication":27,"totalPublicationByYear":28,"totalCitation":33,"totalCitationByYear":34,"totalCitationPerPublication":38,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":39,"hindexLast5Year":43,"hindex":43},{},21,191,{"2004":29,"2005":30,"2006":31,"2012":32},57,63,41,30,5467,{"2004":35,"2005":36,"2006":37},987,4292,188,28.62,{"2004":40,"2005":41,"2006":42},17.32,68.13,4.59,20,"JOURNAL",{"meta":46,"data":48},{"total":47},"191",[49,127,240,350,402,483,559,849,1833,1885],{"id":50,"createTime":51,"updateTime":52,"relativeEntities":53,"slug":54,"properties":55,"entityType":66,"verifyStatus":67,"verifyTime":68,"verifyNote":69,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":70,"primaryUrl":71,"fullTextUrl":19,"authors":72,"publicationType":103,"publisherRelationship":104,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":19,"publishDate":123,"publishYear":124,"citationAnalyzeStatus":18,"lastCitationAnalyze":52,"indexDatabases":125,"openAccess":19,"references":19,"isForceReanalyzing":126},"51a8ba6f-82a5-421a-814b-d9699abac376","2023-12-19T17:28:31.983+00:00","2026-07-13T19:02:41.213+00:00",[],"Critical-appraisal-of-neuroprotection-trials-in-head-injury-What-have-we-learned-",{"abstract":56,"title":58,"gsPaper":60,"references":62,"doi":64},{"EN":57},"To date, despite very encouraging preclinical results, almost all phase II\u002FIII clinical neuroprotection trials in traumatic brain injury (TBI) have failed to show any consistent improvement in outcome for TBI patients. To understand the reasons behind such developments we need to review and evaluate the evolution of trial design as a result of our changing understanding of the pathophysiology of brain cell death and progress of translational research from the laboratory bench to the bedside. This paper attempts to critically appraise these neuroprotection trials, rationalize the paucity of effectiveness, review any recent developments in the field, and try to draw some conclusions on how to move forward.",{"EN":59},"Critical appraisal of neuroprotection trials in head injury: What have we learned?",{"VOID":61},"[\"6034763694480937644\"]",{"VOID":63},"Kay A, Teasdale GM. Head injury in the United Kingdom.World J Surg 25: 1210–1220, 2001.\nNarayan RK, Michael ME, The Clinical Trials in Head Injury Study Group. Clinical trials in head injury.J Neurotrauma 19: 503–557, 2002.\nMurray CJL, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability and the contribution of the risk factors: global burden of disease study.Lancet 349: 1436–1442, 1997.\nBullock R, Lyeth BG, Muizelaar JP. Current status of neuroprotection trials for traumatic brain injury: lessons from animal models and clinical studies.Neurosurgery 45: 207–220, 1999.\nChoi DW, Maulucci-Gedde M, Kriegstein AR. Glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture.J Neurosci 7: 357–368, 1987.\nFaden AI, Demediuk P, Panter SS, Vink R. The role of excitatory amino acids and NMDA receptors in traumatic brain injury.Science 244: 798–800, 1989.\nBredt DS, Snyder SH. Nitric oxide mediates glutamate-linked enhancement of cGMP levels in the cerebellum.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 9030–9033, 1989.\nYakovlev AG, Knoblach SM, Fan L, Fox GB, Goodnight R, Faden AI. Activation of CPP32-like caspases contributes to neuronal apoptosis and neurological dysfunction after traumatic brain injury.J Neurosci 17: 7415–7424, 1997.\nZhang J, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Snyder SH. Nitric oxide activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in neurotoxicity.Science 263: 687–689, 1994.\nHa HC, Snyder SH. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is a mediator of necrotic cell death by ATP depletion.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 13978–13982, 1999.\nMandir AS, Poitras MF, Berliner AR, Herring WJ, Guastella DB, Feldman A et al. NMDA but not non-NMDA excitotoxicity is mediated by Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.J Neurosci 20: 8005–8011, 2000.\nBullock R, Kuroda Y, Teasdale GM, McCulloch J. Prevention of post-traumatic excitotoxic brain damage with NMDA antagonist drugs: a new strategy for the nineties.Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 55: 49–55, 1992.\nChoi DW. Calcium and excitotoxic neuronal injury.Ann NY Acad Sci 747: 162–171, 1994.\nUnterberg A, Baethmann AJ. The kallikrein-kinin system as mediator in vasogenic brain edema. Part 1: cerebral exposure to bradykinin and plasma.J Neurosurg 61: 87–96, 1984.\nMaier-Hauff K, Baethmann AJ, Lange M, Schurer L, Unterberg A. The kallikrein-kinin system as mediator in vasogenic brain edema. Part 2: studies on kinin formation in focal and perifocal brain tissue.J Neurosurg 61: 97–106, 1984.\nUnterberg A, Dautermann C, Baethmann A, Muller-Esterl W. The kallikrein-kinin system as mediator in vasogenic brain edema. Part 3: inhibition of the kallikrein-kinin system in traumatic brain swelling.J Neurosurg 64: 269–276, 1986.\nMarmarou A, Nichols J, Burgess J, Newell D, Troha J, Burnham D, Pitts L. Effects of the bradykinin antagonist Bradycor (deltibant, CP-1027) in severe traumatic brain injury: results of a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. 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Studies on the biochemical aspects of brain injuries and brain edema with special reference to functional changes of mitochondria in the brain.Shinkei Kenkyu No Shimpo 9: 611–622, 1965.\nBakay L, Lee JC, Lee GC, Peng JR. Experimental cerebral concussion. Part 1: an electron microscopic study.J Neurosurg 47: 525–531, 1977.\nYang MS, DeWitt DS, Becker DP, Hayes RL. Regional brain metabolite levels following mild experimental head injury in the cat.J Neurosurg 63: 617–621, 1985.\nAnkarcrona M, Dypbukt JM, Bonfoco E, Zhivotovsky B, Orrenius S, Lipton SA, Nicotera P. Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function.Neuron 15: 961–973, 1995.\nUchino H, Elmer E, Uchino K, Lindvall O, Siesjo BK. Cyclosporin A dramatically ameliorates CA1 hippocampal damage following transient forebrain ischemia in the rat.Acta Physiol Scand 155: 469–471, 1995.\nXiong Y, Gu Q, Peterson PL, Muizelaar JP, Lee CP. Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium perturbation induced by traumatic brain injury.J Neurotrauma 14: 23–34, 1997.\nClausen T, Zauner A, Levasseur JE, Rice AC, Bullock R. Induced mitochondrial failure in the feline brain: implications for understanding acute post-traumatic metabolic events.Brain Res 908: 35–48, 2001.\nVerweij BH, Muizelaar JP, Vinas FC, Peterson PL, Xiong Y, Lee CP. Mitochondrial dysfunction after experimental and human brain injury and its possible reversal with a selective N-type calcium channel antagonist (SNX-111).Neurol Res 19: 334–339, 1997.\nBuki A, Okonkwo DO, Povlishock JT. Postinjury cyclosporin A administration limits axonal damage and disconnection in traumatic brain injury.J Neurotrauma 16: 511–521, 1999.\nAlessandri B, Rice AC, Levasseur J, DeFord M, Hamm RJ, Bullock MR. Cyclosporin A improves brain tissue oxygen consumption and learning\u002Fmemory performance after lateral fluid percussion injury in rats.J Neurotrauma 19: 829–841, 2002.\nMacManus JP, Buchan AM, Hill IE, Rasquinha I, Preston E. Global ischemia can cause DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis in rat brain.Neurosci Lett 164: 89–92, 1993.\nBeilharz EJ, Williams CE, Dragunow M, Sirimanne ES, Gluckman PD. Mechanisms of delayed cell death following hypoxic-ischemic injury in the immature rat: evidence for apoptosis during selective neuronal loss.Brain Res Mol Brain Res 29: 1–14, 1995.\nRink A, Fung KM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Neugebauer E, McIntosh TK. Evidence of apoptotic cell death after experimental traumatic brain injury in the rat.Am J Pathol 147: 1575–1583, 1995.\nBuki A, Okonkwo DO, Wang KK, Povlishock JT. Cytochrome c release and caspase activation in traumatic axonal injury.J Neurosci 20: 2825–2834, 2000.\nSullivan PG, Keller JN, Bussen WL, Scheff SW. Cytochrome c release and caspase activation after traumatic brain injury.Brain Res 949: 88–96, 2002.\nYakovlev AG, Faden AI. Caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways in CNS injury.Mol Neurobiol 24: 131–144, 2001.\nBullock R, Zauner A, Myseros JS, Marmarou A, Woodward JJ, Young HF. Evidence for prolonged release of excitatory amino acids in severe human head trauma. Relationship to clinical events.Ann NY Acad Sci 765: 290–297, 1995.\nGopinath SP, Valadka AB, Goodman JC, Robertson CS. Extracellular glutamate and aspartate in head injured patients.Acta Neurochir Suppl 76: 437–438, 2000.\nTolias CM, Richards DA, Bowery NG, Sgouros S. Extracellular glutamate in the brains of children with severe head injuries: a pilot microdialysis study.Childs Nerv Syst 18: 368–374, 2002.\nSarrafzadeh AS, Sakowitz OW, Callsen TA, Lanksch WR, Unterberg AW. Detection of secondary insults by brain tissue pO2 and bedside microdialysis in severe head injury.Acta Neurochir Suppl 81: 319–321, 2002.\nKhaldi A, Chiueh CC, Bullock MR, Woodward JJ. The significance of nitric oxide production in the brain after injury.Ann NY Acad Sci 962: 53–59, 2002.\nSilberstein M, Lane D, Dodd S, Opeskin K. Identification of a by-product of nitric oxide synthase activity in human acute brain injury with in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Am J Neuroradiol 23: 389–392, 2002.\nKasprzak HA, Wozniak A, Drewa G, Wozniak B. Enhanced lipid peroxidation processes in patients after brain contusion.J Neurotrauma 18: 793–797, 2001.\nReinert M, Hoelper B, Doppenberg E, Zauner A, Bullock R. Substrate delivery and ionic balance disturbance after severe human head injury.Acta Neurochir Suppl 76: 439–444, 2000.\nHutchinson PJ, Gupta AK, Fryer TF, Al-Rawi PG, Chatfield DA, Coles JP et al. Correlation between cerebral blood flow, substrate delivery, and metabolism in head injury: a combined microdialysis and triple oxygen positron emission tomography study.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 22: 735–745, 2002.\nRobertson CS. Management of cerebral perfusion pressure after traumatic brain injury.Anesthesiology 95: 1513–1517, 2001.\nSteiner LA, Czosnyka M, Piechnik SK, Smielewski P, Chatfield D, Menon DK et al. Continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity allows determination of optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury.Crit Care Med 30: 733–738, 2002.\nCzosnyka M, Smielewski P, Piechnik S, Steiner LA, Pickard JD. Cerebral autoregulation following head injury.J Neurosurg 95: 756–763, 2001.\nEker C, Asgeirsson B, Grande PO, Schalen W, Nordstrom CH. Improved outcome after severe head injury with a new therapy based on principles for brain volume regulation and preserved microcirculation.Crit Care Med 26: 1881–1886, 1998.\nPovlishock JT, Hayes RL, Michel ME, McIntosh TK. Workshop on animal models of traumatic brain injury.J Neurotrauma 11: 723–732, 1994.\nStatler KD, Jenkins LW, Dixon CE, Claek RS, Marion DW, Kochanek PM. The simple model versus the super model: translating experimental traumatic brain injury research to the bedside.J Neurotrauma 18: 1195–1206, 2001.\nFaden AI. Neuroprotection and traumatic brain injury: theoretical option or realistic proposition.Curr Opin Neurol 15: 707–712, 2002.\nBramlett HM, Dietrich WD. Neuropathological protection after traumatic brain injury in intact female rats versus males or ovariectomized females.J Neurotrauma 18: 891–900, 2001.\nFarin A, Deutsch R, Biegon A, Marshall LF. Sex-related differences in patients with severe head injury: greater susceptibility to brain swelling in female patients 50 years of age and younger.J Neurosurg 98: 32–36, 2003.\nAlves OL, Doyle A, Gilman C, Sarkar M, Young HF, Bullock R. Evaluation of topiramate neuroprotective effect in severe TBI by using microdialysis. Abstract of oral presentation at AANS Meeting, San Diego, 2003.J Neurosurg 98: 712, 2003.\nDickinson K, Bunn F, Wentz R, Edwards P, Roberts I. Size and quality of randomized controlled trials in head injury: review of published studies.Br Med J 320: 1308–1311, 2000.\nMRC CRASH Trial National Coordinators. Update on progress in the international multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids after significant head injury (Medical Research Council CRASH Trial).Curr Opin Crit Care 9: 92–97, 2003.\nClifton GL, Miller ER, Choi SC, Levin HS, McCauley S, Smith KR Jr et al. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury.N Engl J Med 344: 556–563, 2001.\nHukkelhoven CW, Steyerberg EW, Farace E, Habbema JD, Marshall LF, Maas AI. Regional differences in patient characteristics, case management, and outcomes in traumatic brain injury: experience from the tirilazad trials.J Neurosurg 97: 549–557, 2002.\nClifton GL, Choi SC, Miller ER, Levin HS, Smith KR Jr, Muizelaar JP et al. Intercenter variance in clinical trials of head trauma-experience of the National Acute Brain Injury Study: Hypothermia.J Neurosurg 95: 751–755, 2001.\nMarshall LF. Intercenter variance.J Neurosurg 95: 733–734, 2001.\nTeasdale GM. Comment on Bullock R, Lyeth BG, Muizelaar JP. Current status of neuroprotection trials for traumatic brain injury: lessons from animal models and clinical studies.Neurosurgery 45: 207–220, 1999.\nRothermundt M, Peters M, Prehn JH, Arolt V. S100B in brain damage and neurodegeneration.Mic Res Tech 60: 614–632, 2003.\nAnderson RE, Hansson LO, Nilsson O, Liska J, Settegren G. High serum S100B levels for trauma patients without head injuries.Neurosurgery 48: 1255–1260, 2001.\nAlderson P, Roberts I. Corticosteroids in acute traumatic brain injury: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Br Med J 314: 1855–1859, 1997.\nGrumme T, Baethmann A, Kolodziejczyk D, Krimmer J, Fischer M, von Eisenhart Rothe B et al. Treatment of patients with severe head injury by triamcinolone: a prospective, controlled multicenter clinical trial of 396 cases.Res Exp Med (Berl) 195: 217–229, 1995.\nMarshall LF, Maas AI, Marshall SB, Bricolo A, Fearnside M, Iannotti F et al. A multicenter trial on the efficacy of using tirilazad mesylate in cases of head injury.J Neurosurg 89: 519–525, 1998.\nMarmarou A, Nichols J, Burgess J, Newell D, Troha J, Burnham D, Pitts L. Effects of the bradykinin antagonist Bradycor (deltibant, CP-1027) in severe traumatic brain injury: results of a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. American Brain Injury Consortium Study Group.J Neurotrauma 16: 431–444, 1999.\nKnoller N, Levi L, Shoshan I, Reichenthal E, Razon N, Rappaport ZH et al. Dexanabinol (HU-211) in the treatment of severe closed head injury: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial.Crit Care Med 30: 548–554, 2002.\nRobertson CS, Valadka AB, Hannay HJ, Contant CF, Gopinath SP, Cormio M et al. Prevention of secondary ischemic insults after severe head injury.Crit Care Med 27: 2086–2095, 1999.\nMauler F, Mittendorf J, Horvath E, De Vry J. Characterization of the diarylether sulfonylester (-)-(R)-3-(2-hydroxymethylindanyl-4-oxy)phenyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-sulfonate (BAY 38-7271) as a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist with neuroprotective properties.J Pharmacol Exp Ther 302: 359–368, 2002.\nFumoto N, Nakatsuka H, Ohta S, Kumon Y, Ohnishi T. Hippocampal CA1 neuron survival and cytosolic FKBP12, the 12 kDa FK506-binding protein, after ischemia and tacrolimus treatment in gerbils.Neurosci Lett 339: 219–222, 2003.\nJackson PF, Tays KL, Maclin KM, Ko YS, Li W, Vitharana D et al. Design and pharmacological activity of phosphinic acid based NAALADase inhibitors.J Med Chem 44: 4170–4175, 2001.",{"VOID":65},"10.1602\u002Fneurorx.1.1.71","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","2024-06-26T00:21:07.979+00:00","Auto Verify",2,"https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1602\u002Fneurorx.1.1.71",[73,89],{"id":74,"sortIndex":20,"researcher":19,"roles":75,"affiliations":77,"properties":86},"d3da496d-f1ac-4c6f-aced-a595bc844563",[76],"AUTHOR",[78],{"id":79,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":80,"properties":19},"6e844ece-61d5-4eed-999b-0dc34308e433",{"id":79,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":81,"slug":19,"properties":82,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":85,"statistic":19},[],{"title":83},{"VI":84},"Division of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond",[],{"title":87},{"VI":88},"Christos M. Tolias",{"id":90,"sortIndex":91,"researcher":19,"roles":92,"affiliations":93,"properties":100},"5975f3bd-4995-4507-bed4-a52f1511d3b9",1,[76],[94],{"id":79,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":95,"properties":19},{"id":79,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":96,"slug":19,"properties":97,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":99,"statistic":19},[],{"title":98},{"VI":84},[],{"title":101},{"VI":102},"M. Ross Bullock","ARTICLE",{"url":71,"publisher":105,"properties":118},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":106,"slug":10,"properties":107,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"subjectFields":110,"manageAffiliations":111,"indexDatabases":112,"url":19,"thumbnailPath":19,"statistic":113,"gsStatistic":19,"type":44,"analyzePriority":19},[],{"issn":108,"title":109},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":20,"impactFactorByYear":114,"i10Index":26,"i10IndexLast5Year":20,"totalPublication":27,"totalPublicationByYear":115,"totalCitation":33,"totalCitationByYear":116,"totalCitationPerPublication":38,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":117,"hindexLast5Year":43,"hindex":43},{},{"2004":29,"2005":30,"2006":31,"2012":32},{"2004":35,"2005":36,"2006":37},{"2004":40,"2005":41,"2006":42},{"pages":119,"volume":121},{"VOID":120},"71-79",{"VOID":122},"1","2004-01-01",2004,[],false,{"id":128,"createTime":129,"updateTime":130,"relativeEntities":131,"slug":132,"properties":133,"entityType":66,"verifyStatus":67,"verifyTime":144,"verifyNote":69,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"primaryUrl":145,"fullTextUrl":19,"authors":146,"publicationType":103,"publisherRelationship":217,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":235,"publishDate":237,"publishYear":124,"citationAnalyzeStatus":18,"lastCitationAnalyze":238,"indexDatabases":239,"openAccess":19,"references":19,"isForceReanalyzing":126},"b87b0b8e-a348-4598-80ac-a142b5659395","2024-01-23T05:57:37.519+00:00","2026-07-13T05:09:05.559+00:00",[],"Policy-relevant-research-When-does-it-matter-",{"abstract":134,"title":136,"gsPaper":138,"references":140,"doi":142},{"EN":135},"Evidence-based medicine is most meaningful to policy makers when research questions are clearly informed by strategic health policy questions. In Washington State workers’ compensation, key structural characteristics allow for the conduct of effective policy-relevant research. These include clear authority and a stable funding stream, a formal relationship between a policy agency and a University, development of appropriate research capacity, development of research questions related to strategic goals, and a robust data source. The research conducted relies on computerized medical bills and work disability records, medical records, structured telephone surveys to collect data on pain, functional status, quality of life, and computerized data on employment status. The types of policy-relevant research include identification of factors leading to preventable disability, outcomes research of specific procedures, technology assessment, and “real-time” research that addresses rapidly emerging questions. Health policy changes implemented from research have been substantial in Washington State workers’ compensation, including: 1) noncoverage or partial coverage decisions for emerging technologies not proven to be of value to injured workers, 2) formal treatment guidelines and utilization review criteria for invasive, expensive, or marginally effective procedures, 3) disability prevention efforts, and 4) relatively rapid changes in policy as emerging patterns suggest harmful outcomes from existing treatments (e.g., schedule II opioids). Key structural characteristics must be in place to conduct policy-relevant research effectively. The workers’ compensation system in Washington State is a single-payer system with other unique properties that have allowed the emergence of these structural characteristics and the conduct of research linked to the strategic goals of policy makers.",{"EN":137},"Policy-relevant research: When does it matter?",{"VOID":139},"[\"10678986087491507551\"]",{"VOID":141},"Gray BH, Gusmano MK, Collins SR. AHCPR and the changing politics of health services research.Health Aff (Millwood) 3 [Suppl W3]: 283–307, 2003.\nHashemi L, Webster PS, Clancy EA, Volinn E. Length of disability and cost of workers’ compensation low back pain claims.J Occup Environ Med 39: 937–945, 1997.\nFulton-Kehoe D, Franklin G, Weaver M, Cheadle A. years of productivity lost among injured workers in Washington state: modeling disability burden in workers’ compensation.Am J Ind Med 37: 656–662, 2000.\nTurner JA, Franklin G, Turk DC. Predictors of chronic disability in injured workers: a systematic literature synthesis.Am J Ind Med 38: 707–722, 2000.\nBattie MC, Fulton-Kehoe D, Franklin G. The effects of a medical care utilization review program on back and neck injury claims.J Occup Environ Med 44: 365–371, 2002.\nCheadle A, Franklin G, Wolfhagen C, Savarino J, Liu PY, Salley C et al. Factors influencing the duration of work-related disability: a population-based study of Washington State workers’ compensation.Am J Public Health 84: 190–196, 1994.\nAdams ML, Franklin GM, Barnhart S. Outcome of carpal tunnel surgery in Washington State workers’ compensation.Am J Ind Med 25: 527–536, 1994.\nFranklin GM, Haug J, Heyer NJ, McKeefrey SP, Piccano J. Outcome of lumbar fusion in Washington state workers’ compensation.Spine 19: 1897–1904, 1994.\nFranklin GM, Fulton-Kehoe D, Bradley C, Smith-Weller T. Outcome of thoracic outlet surgery in Washington State workers’ compensation.Neurology 54: 1252–1257, 2000.\nRobinson JP, Fulton-Kehoe D, Martin DC, Franklin GM. Outcomes of pain center treatment in Washington State workers’ compensation.Am J Ind Med 39: 227–236, 2001.\nGerritsen AA, de Vet HC, Scholten RJ, Bertelsmann FW, de Krom MC, Bouter LM. Splinting vs surgery in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA 288: 1245–1251, 2002.\nFranklin GM, Plaeger-Brockway R. Medical Treatment Guidelines. Review, regulate, or reform? What works to control workers’ compensation medical costs. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.lni.wa.gov\u002FClaimsInsurance\u002FFiles\u002FOMD\u002FMedTreat\u002F2002MTGcomplete.pdf. Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, 1994.\nElam K, Taylor V, Ciol MA, Franklin GM, Deyo RA. Impact of a worker’s compensation practice guideline on lumbar spine fusion in Washington State.Med Care 35: 417–424, 1997.\nFranklin GM, Lifka J, Milstein J. Device evaluation and coverage policy in workers’ compensation: examples from Washington State.Am J Manag Care 4: SP178-SP186, 1998.\nBrox JI, Sorensen R, Friis A, Nygaard O, Indahl A, Keller A et al. Randomized clinical trial of lumbar instrumented fusion and cognitive intervention and exercises in patients with chronic low back pain and disc degeneration.Spine 28: 1913–1921, 2003.\nCarragee EJ, Paragioudakis SJ, Khurana S. 2000 Volvo Award winner in clinical studies: lumbar high-intensity zone and discography in subjects without low back problems.Spine 25: 2987–2992, 2000.\nWilbourn AJ. The thoracic outlet syndrome is overdiagnosed.Arch Neurol 47: 328–330, 1990.\nRamsey SD, Luce BR, Deyo R, Franklin GM. The limited state of technology assessment for medical devices: facing the issues.Am J Manag Care 4: SP188-SP199, 1998.\nKemler MA, Barenose GAM, van Kleef M, de Vet HCW, Rijks CPM, Furnee CA. Spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy.N Engl J Med 343: 618–624, 2000.\nTurner JA, Loeser J, Deyo R, Sanders S. Spinal cord stimulation for patients with failed back surgery syndrome or complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review of effectiveness and complications.Pain 108: 137–147, 2004.\nUS Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration. Drugs and chemicals of concern: summary of medical examiner reports on oxycodone-related deaths. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\u002Fdrugs_concern\u002Foxycodone\u002Foxycontin7.htm. May 16, 2002.\nBallantyne JC, Mao J. Opioid therapy for chronic pain.N Engl J Med 349: 1943–1953, 2003.\nWickizer TM, Franklin G, Plaeger-Brockway R, Mootz RD. Improving the quality of workers’ compensation health care delivery: the Washington State Occupational Health Services Project.Milbank Q 79: 5–33, 2001.\nKyes KB, Wickizer T, Franklin G, Cain K, Cheadle A, Madden C et al. Evaluation of the Washington State workers’ compensation managed care pilot I: medical outcomes and patient satisfaction.Med Care 37: 972–981, 1999.\nCheadle A, Wickizer TM, Franklin G, Cain K, Joesch J, Kyes K et al. Evaluation of the Washington State workers’ compensation managed care pilot project II: medical and disability costs.Med Care 27: 982–993, 1999.\nKyes KB, Wickizer TM, Franklin GM. Two-year health and employment outcomes among injured workers enrolled in the Washington State Managed Care Pilot Project.Am J Ind Med 40: 619–626, 2001.\nKyes KB, Wickizer TM, Franklin GM. Employer satisfaction with workers’ compensation health care: results of the Washington State Workers’ Compensation Managed Care Pilot.J Occup Environ Med 45: 234–240, 2003.\nWickizer TM, Kopjar B, Franklin G, Joesch J. Do drug-free workplace programs prevent occupational injuries? Evidence from Washington State.Health Serv Res 39: 85–105, 2004.\nWickizer TM, Franklin G, Plaeger-Brockway R, Mootz R, Drylie D. Improving the quality of occupational health care in Washington State: new approaches to designing community-based health care systems.J Ambul Care Manage 25: 43–52, 2002.\nWickizer TM, Franklin G, Fulton-Kehoe D, Turner JA, Mootz R, Smith-Weller T. Patient satisfaction, treatment experience and disability outcomes in a population-based cohort of injured workers in Washington State: implications for quality improvement.Health Serv Res (in press).\nWickizer TM, Franklin GM, Turner JA, Fulton-Kehoe D, Mootz R, Smith-Weller T. Use of attorneys in appeal filing in the Washington State workers’ compensation program: Does patient satisfaction matter?J Occup Environ Med 46: 331–339, 2004.\nCommittee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine Staff. Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. 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High rate of constitutional chromosomal rearrangements in apparently sporadic ALS.Neurology 60: 1348–1350, 2003.",{"VOID":415},"10.1602\u002Fneurorx.1.2.273","2024-05-11T15:51:59.704+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS1545534306700438",[419,434,447],{"id":420,"sortIndex":20,"researcher":19,"roles":421,"affiliations":422,"properties":431},"eece5817-85f1-4205-a65d-28db89cab02d",[76],[423],{"id":424,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":425,"properties":19},"605e0d95-cf0c-44e5-8462-a6a9e359401c",{"id":424,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":426,"slug":19,"properties":427,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":430,"statistic":19},[],{"title":428},{"VI":429},"Neurology Clinical Trial Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129",[],{"title":432},{"VI":433},"Merit Cudkowicz",{"id":435,"sortIndex":91,"researcher":19,"roles":436,"affiliations":437,"properties":444},"acf14d4f-35de-4566-89f3-00aabd2a7886",[76],[438],{"id":424,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":439,"properties":19},{"id":424,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":440,"slug":19,"properties":441,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":443,"statistic":19},[],{"title":442},{"VI":429},[],{"title":445},{"VI":446},"Muhammad Qureshi",{"id":448,"sortIndex":70,"researcher":19,"roles":449,"affiliations":450,"properties":459},"9dbfbcd8-4f77-4ecd-8fc4-ce5c20929aa8",[76],[451],{"id":452,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":453,"properties":19},"151f4804-3f29-430b-98c8-cfba2fa0edb9",{"id":452,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":454,"slug":19,"properties":455,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":458,"statistic":19},[],{"title":456},{"EN":457},"Department of Neurology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York",[],{"title":460},{"VI":461},"Jeremy Shefner",{"url":417,"publisher":463,"properties":476},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":464,"slug":10,"properties":465,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"subjectFields":468,"manageAffiliations":469,"indexDatabases":470,"url":19,"thumbnailPath":19,"statistic":471,"gsStatistic":19,"type":44,"analyzePriority":19},[],{"issn":466,"title":467},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":20,"impactFactorByYear":472,"i10Index":26,"i10IndexLast5Year":20,"totalPublication":27,"totalPublicationByYear":473,"totalCitation":33,"totalCitationByYear":474,"totalCitationPerPublication":38,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":475,"hindexLast5Year":43,"hindex":43},{},{"2004":29,"2005":30,"2006":31,"2012":32},{"2004":35,"2005":36,"2006":37},{"2004":40,"2005":41,"2006":42},{"pages":477,"volume":479},{"VOID":478},"273-283",{"VOID":122},"2004-04-01","2026-03-11T02:13:17.489+00:00",[],{"id":484,"createTime":485,"updateTime":486,"relativeEntities":487,"slug":488,"properties":489,"entityType":66,"verifyStatus":67,"verifyTime":497,"verifyNote":69,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"primaryUrl":498,"fullTextUrl":19,"authors":499,"publicationType":103,"publisherRelationship":539,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":19,"publishDate":123,"publishYear":124,"citationAnalyzeStatus":347,"lastCitationAnalyze":557,"indexDatabases":558,"openAccess":19,"references":19,"isForceReanalyzing":126},"7e7da86e-0381-4271-8097-81d0d08531df","2024-02-08T01:31:41.870+00:00","2025-12-24T18:36:47.969+00:00",[],"Neuroprotective-strategies-in-Alzheimer-s-disease",{"title":490,"gsPaper":492,"references":493,"doi":495},{"EN":491},"Neuroprotective strategies in Alzheimer’s disease",{"VOID":250},{"VOID":494},"Golde TE. 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Memantine in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease.N Engl J Med 348: 1333–1341, 2003.",{"VOID":496},"10.1602\u002Fneurorx.1.1.117","2024-05-09T08:43:05.669+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS1545534306700128",[500,515],{"id":501,"sortIndex":20,"researcher":19,"roles":502,"affiliations":503,"properties":512},"8564b11e-e986-4091-becd-c4817583a0af",[76],[504],{"id":505,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":506,"properties":19},"77081d64-aed0-493f-8f20-68820cbc604a",{"id":505,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":507,"slug":19,"properties":508,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":511,"statistic":19},[],{"title":509},{"VI":510},"Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599",[],{"title":513},{"VI":514},"Frank M. Longo",{"id":516,"sortIndex":91,"researcher":19,"roles":517,"affiliations":518,"properties":536},"f1123610-9d3a-487f-9b41-a95d5cad3bcf",[76],[519,527],{"id":520,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":521,"properties":19},"2da9e6e1-6368-45d0-98fb-619d570fc5db",{"id":520,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":522,"slug":19,"properties":523,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":526,"statistic":19},[],{"title":524},{"VI":525},"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143",[],{"id":528,"sortIndex":91,"affiliation":529,"properties":535},"34718a4a-5bb8-4078-8049-6bdda72cacaa",{"id":528,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":530,"slug":19,"properties":531,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":534,"statistic":19},[],{"title":532},{"VI":533},"San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121",[],{},{"title":537},{"VI":538},"Stephen M. Massa",{"url":498,"publisher":540,"properties":553},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":541,"slug":10,"properties":542,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"subjectFields":545,"manageAffiliations":546,"indexDatabases":547,"url":19,"thumbnailPath":19,"statistic":548,"gsStatistic":19,"type":44,"analyzePriority":19},[],{"issn":543,"title":544},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":20,"impactFactorByYear":549,"i10Index":26,"i10IndexLast5Year":20,"totalPublication":27,"totalPublicationByYear":550,"totalCitation":33,"totalCitationByYear":551,"totalCitationPerPublication":38,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":552,"hindexLast5Year":43,"hindex":43},{},{"2004":29,"2005":30,"2006":31,"2012":32},{"2004":35,"2005":36,"2006":37},{"2004":40,"2005":41,"2006":42},{"pages":554,"volume":556},{"VOID":555},"117-127",{"VOID":122},"2025-12-24T18:36:47.968+00:00",[],{"id":560,"createTime":561,"updateTime":562,"relativeEntities":563,"slug":564,"properties":565,"entityType":66,"verifyStatus":67,"verifyTime":574,"verifyNote":69,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"primaryUrl":575,"fullTextUrl":19,"authors":576,"publicationType":103,"publisherRelationship":592,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":610,"publishDate":237,"publishYear":124,"citationAnalyzeStatus":18,"lastCitationAnalyze":612,"indexDatabases":613,"openAccess":19,"references":614,"isForceReanalyzing":126},"14bc5eaa-0f6e-4f95-8030-845c4c49e33d","2024-01-26T20:32:34.018+00:00","2025-07-29T09:48:10.015+00:00",[],"Evidence-from-biomarkers-and-surrogate-endpoints",{"abstract":566,"title":568,"gsPaper":570,"doi":572},{"EN":567},"The use of physiological, anatomical, and other biological tests is commonplace in the practice of medicine. In neurology, objectively measured tests termed biomarkers (BMs) are playing an increasing role in diagnosis and management of disease, both in clinical practice and in experimental therapeutics. This article will discuss the various applications of BMs to the assessment of therapies for neurological diseases and will use examples from neurological diseases to elucidate the strengths and potential weaknesses of BMs. As the understanding of the pathophysiology of many neurological diseases has improved, new BMs have been developed, and efforts have been made to use these as proxies for clinical endpoints. A BM used in this manner is referred to as a surrogate endpoint (SE). There are many potential advantages and disadvantages of using SEs in the evaluation of new therapies, and these will be reviewed as well. Furthermore, the evidence required for the development of an SE and the nature of the evidence that can be derived from the use of BMs and SEs will be discussed.",{"EN":569},"Evidence from biomarkers and surrogate endpoints",{"VOID":571},"[\"15243684580098221307\"]",{"VOID":573},"10.1602\u002Fneurorx.1.3.323","2024-05-02T23:02:45.231+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1602\u002Fneurorx.1.3.323",[577],{"id":578,"sortIndex":20,"researcher":19,"roles":579,"affiliations":580,"properties":589},"ff45f529-d9bb-44b8-827e-c24f1487009d",[76],[581],{"id":582,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":583,"properties":19},"d8455f4e-a41e-40af-b473-250163ce4211",{"id":582,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":584,"slug":19,"properties":585,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":588,"statistic":19},[],{"title":586},{"VI":587},"Center for Neurosciences, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset",[],{"title":590},{"VI":591},"Andrew Feigin",{"url":575,"publisher":593,"properties":606},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":594,"slug":10,"properties":595,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"subjectFields":598,"manageAffiliations":599,"indexDatabases":600,"url":19,"thumbnailPath":19,"statistic":601,"gsStatistic":19,"type":44,"analyzePriority":19},[],{"issn":596,"title":597},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":20,"impactFactorByYear":602,"i10Index":26,"i10IndexLast5Year":20,"totalPublication":27,"totalPublicationByYear":603,"totalCitation":33,"totalCitationByYear":604,"totalCitationPerPublication":38,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":605,"hindexLast5Year":43,"hindex":43},{},{"2004":29,"2005":30,"2006":31,"2012":32},{"2004":35,"2005":36,"2006":37},{"2004":40,"2005":41,"2006":42},{"pages":607,"volume":609},{"VOID":608},"323-330",{"VOID":122},{"total":20,"publishYear":124,"statisticByYear":611},{},"2025-07-29T09:48:10.014+00:00",[],[615,621,627,630,633,636,639,642,645,648,651,654,657,660,663,666,669,672,675,681,684,687,690,696,699,702,705,708,711,717,720,723,726,729,732,735,738,741,744,747,750,753,756,759,765,768,771,774,777,780,783,786,789,792,795,798,801,804,807,810,813,816,819,822,825,828,831,834,837,840,843,846],{"id":616,"text":617,"url":618,"identifiers":619},"2090fbac-f117-4d3b-9781-cc629d24c69a","Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. 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Silent infarcts in stroke patients: patient characteristics and effect on 2-year outcome.J Neurol 248: 271–278, 2001.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs004150170200",{"doi":680},"10.1007\u002Fs004150170200",{"id":19,"text":682,"url":19,"identifiers":683},"Bernick C, Kuller L, Dulberg C, Longstreth WT Jr, Manolio T, Beauchamp N et al. Silent MRI infarcts and the risk of future stroke: the cardiovascular health study.Neurology 57: 1222–1229, 2001.",{},{"id":622,"text":685,"url":624,"identifiers":686},"Leary MC, Saver JL. Annual incidence of first silent stroke in the United States: a preliminary estimate.Cerebrovasc Dis 16: 280–285, 2003.",{"doi":626},{"id":622,"text":688,"url":624,"identifiers":689},"Simon JH, Thompson AJ. 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Tracking of Alzheimer’s disease progression with cerebrospinal fluid tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231.Ann Neurol 49: 545–546, 2001.",{"doi":626},{"id":622,"text":703,"url":624,"identifiers":704},"Hampel H, Goernitz A, Buerger K. Advances in the development of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: from CSF total tau and Abeta(1–42) proteins to phosphorylated tau protein.Brain Res Bull 61: 243–253, 2003.",{"doi":626},{"id":19,"text":706,"url":19,"identifiers":707},"Morishima-Kawashima M, Ihara Y. Alzheimer’s disease: beta-amyloid protein and tau.J Neurosci Res 70: 392–401, 2002.",{},{"id":622,"text":709,"url":624,"identifiers":710},"Antonini A, Leenders KL, Vontobel P, Maguire RP, Missimer J, Psylla M et al. Complementary PET studies of striatal neuronal function in the differential diagnosis between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease.Brain 120: 2187–2195, 1997.",{"doi":626},{"id":712,"text":713,"url":714,"identifiers":715},"bcc8ed76-7a90-400c-acc6-feae27af566c","Acton PD, Mozley PD, Kung HF. Logistic discriminant parametric mapping: a novel method for the pixel-based differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.Eur J Nucl Med 26: 1413–1423, 1999.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs002590050473",{"doi":716},"10.1007\u002Fs002590050473",{"id":19,"text":718,"url":19,"identifiers":719},"Brooks DJ. PET studies on the early and differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.Neurology 43 [Suppl 6]: S6-S16, 1993.",{},{"id":19,"text":721,"url":19,"identifiers":722},"Tzen KY, Lu CS, Yen TC, Wey SP, Ting G. Differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and vascular parkinsonism by (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1.J Nucl Med 42: 408–413, 2001.",{},{"id":19,"text":724,"url":19,"identifiers":725},"Eidelberg D, Moeller JR, Ishikawa T, Dhawan V, Spetsieris P, Chaly T et al. Early differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography.Neurology 45: 1995–2004, 1995.",{},{"id":622,"text":727,"url":624,"identifiers":728},"Feigin A, Antonini A, Fukuda M, De Notaris R, Benti R, Pezzoli G et al. Tc-99m ethylene cysteinate dimer SPECT in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.Mov Disord 17: 1265–1270, 2002.",{"doi":626},{"id":622,"text":730,"url":624,"identifiers":731},"Stacy M, Jankovic J. Differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and the parkinsonism plus syndromes.Neurol Clin 10: 341–359, 1992.",{"doi":626},{"id":622,"text":733,"url":624,"identifiers":734},"Beal MF. 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The harsh realities facing the use of SPECT imaging in monitoring disease progression in Parkinson’s disease.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74: 1447, 2003.",{"doi":626},{"id":622,"text":754,"url":624,"identifiers":755},"Whone AL, Watts RL, Stoessl AJ, Davis M, Reske S, Nahmias C et al. Slower progression of Parkinson’s disease with ropinirole versus levodopa: the REAL-PET study.Ann Neurol 54: 93–101, 2003.",{"doi":626},{"id":622,"text":757,"url":624,"identifiers":758},"Dopamine transporter brain imaging to assess the effects of pramipexole vs levodopa on Parkinson disease progression.JAMA 287:1653-1661, 2002.",{"doi":626},{"id":760,"text":761,"url":762,"identifiers":763},"cce86be8-5455-4bf9-8d4b-a07b6ac13346","Biglan KM, Holloway RG. Surrogate endpoints in Parkinson’s disease research.Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 3: 314–320, 2003.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11910-003-0008-y",{"doi":764},"10.1007\u002Fs11910-003-0008-y",{"id":622,"text":766,"url":624,"identifiers":767},"Ansell BJ. Cholesterol, stroke risk, and stroke prevention.Curr Atheroscler Rep 2: 92–96, 2000.",{"doi":626},{"id":19,"text":769,"url":19,"identifiers":770},"Bots ML, Elwood PC, Nikitin Y, Salonen JT, Freire de Concalves A, Inzitari D et al. Total and HDL cholesterol and risk of stroke. EUROSTROKE: a collaborative study among research centres in Europe.J Epidemiol Community Health 56 [Suppl 1]: i19–24, 2002.",{},{"id":622,"text":772,"url":624,"identifiers":773},"Bowman TS, Sesso HD, Ma J, Kurth T, Kase CS, Stampfer MJ et al. 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Association study of the 5-HT(6) receptor polymorphism (C267T) and symptomatology and antidepressant response in major depressive disorders.Neuropsychobiology 44: 172–175, 2001.",{},{"id":622,"text":799,"url":624,"identifiers":800},"Yu YW, Chen TJ, Hong CJ, Chen HM, Tsai SJ. Association study of the interleukin-1 beta (C-511T) genetic polymorphism with major depressive disorder, associated symptomatology, and anti-depressant response.Neuropsychopharmacology 28: 1182–1185, 2003.",{"doi":626},{"id":622,"text":802,"url":624,"identifiers":803},"FDA approves clozapine for treatment of schizophrenia; careful monitoring required.Hosp Community Psychiatry 40:1310, 1989.",{"doi":626},{"id":622,"text":805,"url":624,"identifiers":806},"Olanow CW. Tolcapone and hepatotoxic effects. Tasmar Advisory Panel.Arch Neurol 57: 263–267, 2000.",{"doi":626},{"id":19,"text":808,"url":19,"identifiers":809},"De Gruttola VG, Clax P, DeMets DL, Downing GJ, Ellenberg SS, Friedman L et al. 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Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 450–460, 2004.",{"doi":626},{"id":1834,"createTime":1835,"updateTime":1836,"relativeEntities":1837,"slug":1838,"properties":1839,"entityType":66,"verifyStatus":67,"verifyTime":1836,"verifyNote":69,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"primaryUrl":1848,"fullTextUrl":19,"authors":1849,"publicationType":103,"publisherRelationship":1865,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":19,"publishDate":1883,"publishYear":983,"citationAnalyzeStatus":18,"lastCitationAnalyze":19,"indexDatabases":1884,"openAccess":19,"references":19,"isForceReanalyzing":126},"b2d194a3-4df0-47d0-b3d2-b6f09fff0c57","2024-01-08T12:02:56.983+00:00","2025-02-24T15:34:34.356+00:00",[],"Animal-models-of-head-trauma",{"abstract":1840,"title":1842,"references":1844,"doi":1846},{"EN":1841},"Animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are used to elucidate primary and secondary sequelae underlying human head injury in an effort to identify potential neuroprotective therapies for developing and adult brains. The choice of experimental model depends upon both the research goal and underlying objectives. The intrinsic ability to study injury-induced changes in behavior, physiology, metabolism, the blood\u002Ftissue interface, the blood brain barrier, and\u002For inflammatory- and immune-mediated responses, makes in vivo TBI models essential for neurotrauma research. Whereas human TBI is a highly complex multifactorial disorder, animal trauma models tend to replicate only single factors involved in the pathobiology of head injury using genetically well-defined inbred animals of a single sex. Although such an experimental approach is helpful to delineate key injury mechanisms, the simplicity and hence inability of animal models to reflect the complexity of clinical head injury may underlie the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical trials of neuroprotective therapeutics. 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Metabotropic glutamate receptors in acutely isolated hippocampal astrocytes: developmental changes of mGluR5 mRNA and functional expression. Glia 29: 70–80, 2000.\nNawashiro H, Shima K, Chigasaki H. Selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA3 neurons to hypoxia after mild concussion in the rat. Neurol Res 17: 455–460, 1995.\nKatoh H, Sima K, Nawashiro H, Wada K, Chigasaki H. The effect of MK-801 on extracellular neuroactive amino acids in hippocampus after closed head injury followed by hypoxia in rats. Brain Res 758: 153–162, 1997.\nYamamoto M, Marmarou CR, Stiefel MF, Beaumont A, Marmarou A. Neuroprotective effect of hypothermia on neuronal injury in diffuse traumatic brain injury coupled with hypoxia and hypotension. J Neurotrauma 16: 487–500, 1999.\nJohansson CB, Lothian C, Molin M, Okano H, Lendahl U. Nestin enhancer requirements for expression in normal and injured adult CNS. J Neurosci Res 69: 784–794, 2002.\nYoburn BC, Lutfy K, Candido J. Species differences in μ- and δ-opioid receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 193: 105–108, 1991.\nRink A, Fung KM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Neugebauer E, McIntosh TK. Evidence of apoptotic cell death after experimental traumatic brain injury in the rat. Am J Pathol 147: 1575–1583, 1995.\nFaden AI. Experimental neurobiology of central nervous system trauma. Crit Rev Neurobiol 7: 175–186, 1993.\nYakovlev AG, Faden AI. Molecular biology of CNS injury. J Neurotrauma 12: 767–777, 1995.\nFaden AI. Pharmacologic treatment of acute traumatic brain injury. JAMA 276: 569–570, 1996.\nMcIntosh TK, Juhler M, Wieloch T. Novel pharmacologic strategies in the treatment of experimental traumatic brain injury: 1998. J Neurotrauma 15: 731–769, 1998.\nFaden AI. Neuroprotection and traumatic brain injury: theoretical option or realistic proposition. Curr Opin Neurol 15: 707–712, 2002.\nVink R, Nimmo AJ. Novel therapies in development for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. 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J Neurotrauma 10: 91–100, 1993.",{"VOID":1847},"10.1602\u002Fneurorx.2.3.410","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1602\u002Fneurorx.2.3.410",[1850],{"id":1851,"sortIndex":20,"researcher":19,"roles":1852,"affiliations":1853,"properties":1862},"ed3111a6-8b78-4a8f-a86c-00b318cc1c7c",[76],[1854],{"id":1855,"sortIndex":20,"affiliation":1856,"properties":19},"a52310d8-3f90-4f5e-a62a-a69459243567",{"id":1855,"createTime":19,"updateTime":19,"relativeEntities":1857,"slug":19,"properties":1858,"entityType":19,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":19,"url":19,"parentIds":1861,"statistic":19},[],{"title":1859},{"VI":1860},"Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.",[],{"title":1863},{"VI":1864},"Ibolja Cernak",{"url":1848,"publisher":1866,"properties":1879},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1867,"slug":10,"properties":1868,"entityType":17,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":19,"verifyNote":19,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":20,"subjectFields":1871,"manageAffiliations":1872,"indexDatabases":1873,"url":19,"thumbnailPath":19,"statistic":1874,"gsStatistic":19,"type":44,"analyzePriority":19},[],{"issn":1869,"title":1870},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":20,"impactFactorByYear":1875,"i10Index":26,"i10IndexLast5Year":20,"totalPublication":27,"totalPublicationByYear":1876,"totalCitation":33,"totalCitationByYear":1877,"totalCitationPerPublication":38,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1878,"hindexLast5Year":43,"hindex":43},{},{"2004":29,"2005":30,"2006":31,"2012":32},{"2004":35,"2005":36,"2006":37},{"2004":40,"2005":41,"2006":42},{"pages":1880,"volume":1882},{"VOID":1881},"410-422",{"VOID":980},"2005-07-01",[],{"id":1886,"createTime":1887,"updateTime":1888,"relativeEntities":1889,"slug":1890,"properties":1891,"entityType":66,"verifyStatus":67,"verifyTime":1888,"verifyNote":69,"languages":19,"translateLanguages":19,"viewCount":91,"primaryUrl":1898,"fullTextUrl":19,"authors":1899,"publicationType":103,"publisherRelationship":1915,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":19,"publishDate":1933,"publishYear":124,"citationAnalyzeStatus":18,"lastCitationAnalyze":19,"indexDatabases":1934,"openAccess":19,"references":19,"isForceReanalyzing":126},"24e88ee7-251b-4093-b39f-678bd26e8b38","2024-01-14T07:38:45.624+00:00","2025-02-24T03:57:34.849+00:00",[],"Positron-emission-tomography-imaging-of-transplant-function",{"title":1892,"references":1894,"doi":1896},{"EN":1893},"Positron emission tomography imaging of transplant function",{"VOID":1895},"Firnau G, Sood S, Chirakal R et al. Cerebral metabolism of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in the primate.J Neurochem 48: 1077–1082, 1987.\nPatlak C, Blasberg RG. Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. Generalisations.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 5: 584–590, 1985.\nBrooks DJ, Salmon EP, Mathias CJ et al. The relationship between locomotor disability, autonomic dysfunction, and the integrity of the striatal dopaminergic system, in patients with multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and Parkinson’s disease, studied with PET.Brain 113: 1539–1552, 1990.\nRakshi JS, Uema T, Ito K et al. Frontal, midbrain and striatal dopaminergic function in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease: a 3D [(18)F]-dopa-PET study.Brain 122: 1637–1650, 1999.\nVingerhoets FJG, Schulzer M, Caine DB, Snow BJ. Which clinical sign of Parkinson’s disease best reflects the nigrostriatal lesion?Ann Neurol 41: 58–64, 1997.\nHadjiconstantinou M, Wemlinger TA, Sylvia CP et al. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity of mouse striatum is modulated via dopamine receptors.J Neurochem 60: 2175–2180, 1993.\nFrost JJ, Rosier AJ, Reich SG et al. Positron emission tomographic imaging of the dopamine transporter with 11C-WIN 35,428 reveals marked declines in mild Parkinson’s disease.Ann Neurol 34: 423–431, 1993.\nGuttman M, Burkholder J, Kish SJ et al. [11C]RTI-32 PET studies of the dopamine transporter in early dopa-naive Parkinson’s disease: implications for the symptomatic threshold.Neurology 48: 1578–1583, 1997.\nMarek K, Seibyl JP, Zoghbi SS et al. [I-123] β-CIT SPECT imaging demonstrates bilateral loss of dopamine transporters in hemi-Parkinson’s disease.Neurology 46: 231–237, 1996.\nBooij J, Tissingh G, Boer GJ et al. [123I]FP-CIT SPECT shows a pronounced decline of striatal dopamine transporter labelling in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 62: 133–140, 1997.\nLee CS, Samii A, Sossi V et al. 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Striatal D2 receptor status in Parkinson’s disease, striatonigral degeneration, and progressive supranuclear palsy, measured with 11C-raclopride and PET.Ann Neurol 31: 184–192, 1992.\nRinne JO, Laihinen A, Rinne UK et al. PET study on striatal dopamine D2 receptor changes during the progression of early Parkinson’s disease.Mov Disord 8: 134–138, 1993.\nAntonini A, Schwarz J, Oertel WH et al. [11C]raclopride and positron emission tomography in previously untreated patients with Parkinson’s disease: influence ofl-dopa and lisuride therapy on striatal dopamine D2-receptors.Neurology 44: 1325–1329, 1994.\nHagglund J, Aquilonius SM, Eckernas SA et al. Dopamine receptor properties in Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’ s chorea evaluated by positron emission tomography using 1 1C-N-methyl-spiperone.Acta Neurol Scand 75: 87–94, 1987.\nTurjanski N, Weeks R, Dolan R et al. 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Alterations of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in Parkinson’s disease.Neurology 35: 1399–1405, 1985.\nMiletich RS, Chan T, Gillespie M et al. Contralateral basal ganglia metabolism is abnormal in hemiparkinsonian patients. An FDG-PET study.Neurology 38: S260, 1988.\nEidelberg D, Moeller JR, Dhawan V et al. The metabolic topography of parkinsonism.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 14: 783–801, 1994.\nEidelberg D, Moeller JR, Ishikawa T et al. Assessment of disease severity in Parkinsonism with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and PET.J Nucl Med 36: 378–383, 1995.\nPlayford ED, Jenkins IH, Passingham RE et al. Impaired mesial frontal and putamen activation in Parkinson’s disease: a PET study.Ann Neurol 32: 151–161, 1992.\nJahanshahi M, Jenkins IH, Brown RG et al. Self-initiated versus externally-triggered movements: measurements of regional cerebral blood flow and movement-related potentials in normals and Parkinson’s disease.Brain 118: 913–933, 1995.\nRascol O, Sabatini U, Chollet F et al. Normal activation of the supplementary motor area in patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing long-term treatment with levodopa.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57: 567–571, 1994.\nJenkins IH, Fernandez W, Playford ED et al. Impaired activation of the supplementary motor area in Parkinson’s disease is reversed when akinesia is treated with apomorphine.Ann Neurol 32: 749–757, 1992.\nFukuda M, Mentis M, Ghilardi MF et al. Functional correlates of pallidal stimulation for Parkinson’s disease.Ann Neurol 49: 155–164, 2001.\nCeballos-Baumann AO, Boecker H, Bartenstein P et al. A positron emission tomographic study of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson disease—enhanced movement-related activity of motor-association cortex and decreased motor cortex resting activity.Arch Neurol 56: 997–1003, 1999.\nKuhl DE, Phelps ME, Markham CH et al. Cerebral metabolism and atrophy in Huntington’s disease determined by 18FDG and computed tomographic scans.Ann Neurol 12: 425–434, 1982.\nHayden MR, Martin WRW, Stoessl AJ et al. Positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of Huntington’ s disease.Neurology 36: 888–894, 1986.\nLeenders KL, Frackowiak RSJ, Quinn N, Marsden CD. Brain energy metabolism and dopaminergic function in Huntington’s disease measured in vivo using positron emission tomography.Mov Disord 1: 69–77, 1986.\nYoung AB, Penney JB, Starosta-Rubinstein S et al. PET scan investigations of Huntington’s disease: cerebral metabolic correlates of neurological features and functional decline.Ann Neurol 20: 296–303, 1986.\nBerent S, Giordani B, Lehtinen S et al. Positron emission tomographic scan investigations of Huntington’ s disease: cerebral metabolic correlates of cognitive function.Ann Neurol 23: 541–546, 1988.\nKuwert T, Lange HW, Langen KJ et al. Cortical and subcortical glucose consumption measured by PET in patients with Huntington’s disease.Brain 113: 1405–1423, 1990.\nGrafton ST, Mazziotta JC, Pahl JJ et al. A comparison of neurological, metabolic, structural, and genetic evaluations in persons at risk for Huntington’s disease.Ann Neurol 28: 614–621, 1990.\nHayden MR, Hewitt J, Stoessl AJ et al. The combined use of positron emission tomography and DNA polymorphisms for pre-clinical detection of Huntington’s disease.Neurology 37: 1441–1447, 1987.\nAntonini A, Leenders KL, Spiegel R et al. Striatal glucose metabolism and dopamine D-2 receptor binding in asymptomatic gene carriers and patients with Huntington’s disease.Brain 119: 2085–2095, 1996.\nMorrish PK, Rakshi JS, Sawle GV, Brooks DJ. Measuring the rate of progression and estimating the preclinical period of Parkinson’s disease with [18F]dopa PET.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64: 314–319, 1998.\nNurmi E, Ruottinen HM, Kaasinen V et al. Progression in Parkinson’s disease: a positron emission tomography study with a dopamine transporter ligand.Ann Neurol 47: 804–808, 2000.\nMarek K, Innis R, van Dyck C et al. [123I]β-CIT SPECT imaging assessment of the rate of Parkinson’s disease progression.Neurology 57: 2089–2094, 2001.\nAndrews TC, Weeks RA, Turjanski N et al. Huntington’s disease progression PET and clinical observations.Brain 122: 2353–2363, 1999.\nKordower JH, Rosenstein JM, Collier TJ et al. Functional fetal nigral grafts in a patient with Parkinson’s disease: chemoanatomic, ultrastructural, and metabolic studies.J Comp Neurol 370: 203–230, 1996.\nCochen V, Ribeiro MJ, Nguyen JP et al. Transplantation in Parkinson’s disease: PET changes correlate with the amount of grafted tissue.Mov Disord 18: 928–932, 2003.\nGuttman M, Burns RS, Martin WR et al. PET studies of Parkinsonian patients treated with autologous adrenal implants.Can J Neurol Sci 16: 305–309, 1989.\nFink JS, Schumacher JM, Ellias SL et al. Porcine xenografts in Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’ s disease patients: preliminary results.Cell Transplant 9: 273–278, 2000.\nFreed CR, Breeze RE, Rosenberg NL et al. Survival of implanted fetal dopamine cells and neurologic improvement 12 to 46 months after transplantation for Parkinson’s disease.N Engl J Med 327: 1549–1555, 1992.\nFreeman TB, Olanow CW, Hauser RA et al. 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Sequential bilateral transplantation in Parkinson’s disease: effects of the second graft.Brain 122: 1121–1132, 1999.\nRemy P, Samson Y, Hantraye P et al. Clinical correlates of [18F]fluorodopa uptake in five grafted parkinsonian patients.Ann Neurol 38: 580–588, 1995.\nWidner H, Tetrud J, Rehncrona S et al. Bilateral fetal mesencephalic grafting in two patients with parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP).N Engl J Med 327: 1556–1563, 1992.\nKordower JH, Freeman TB, Snow BJ et al. Neuropathological evidence of graft survival and striatal reinnervation after the transplantation of fetal mesencephalic tissue in a patient with Parkinson’s disease.N Engl J Med 332: 1118–1124, 1995.\nFreed CR, Greene PE, Breeze RE et al. Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson’s disease.N Engl J Med 344: 710–719, 2001.\nOlanow CW, Goetz CG, Kordower JH et al. A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson’s disease.Ann Neurol 54: 403–414, 2003.\nPiccini P, Lindvall O, Bjorklund A et al. Delayed recovery of movement-related cortical function in Parkinson’s disease after striatal dopaminergic grafts.Ann Neurol 48: 689–695, 2000.\nPiccini P, Brooks DJ, Bjorklund A et al. Dopamine release from nigral transplants visualised in vivo in a Parkinson’s patient.Nat Neurosci 2: 1137–1140, 1999.\nMa Y, Feigin A, Dhawan V et al. Dyskinesia after fetal cell transplantation for parkinsonism: a PET study.Ann Neurol 52: 628–634, 2002.\nHuang Z, De la Fuente-Fernandez R, Hauser RA et al. Dopaminergic alteration in Parkinson’s patients with “off period” dyskinesia following striatal embryonic mesencephalic transplant.Neurology 60 [Suppl 1]: A126 (Abstract), 2003.\nHagell P, Piccini P, Bjorklund A et al. Dyskinesias following neural transplantation in Parkinson’s disease.Nat Neurosci 5: 627–628, 2002.\nFricker RA, Torres EM, Hume SP et al. The effects of donor stage on the survival and function of embryonic striatal grafts in the adult rat brain. II. Correlation between positron emission tomography and reaching behaviour.Neuroscience 79: 711–722, 1997.\nKendall L, Rayment D, Aigbirhio F et al. In vivo PET analysis of the status of striatal allografts in the common marmoset.Eur J Neurosci 10: 15604, 1998.\nTorres EM, Fricker RA, Hume SP et al. Assessment of striatal graft viability in the rat in vivo using a small diameter PET scanner.NeuroReport 6: 2017–2021, 1995.\nBrasted PJ, Watts C, Torres EM et al. Behavioural recovery following striatal transplantation: effects of postoperative training and P-zone volume.Exp Brain Res 128: 535–538, 1999.\nBrasted PJ, Watts C, Torres EM et al. Behavioral recovery after transplantation into a rat model of Huntington’s disease: dependence on anatomical connectivity and extensive postoperative training.Behav Neurosci 114: 431–436, 2000.\nBachoud-Levi A, Remy P, Nguyen JP et al. Motor and cognitive improvements in patients with Huntington’s disease after neural transplantation.Lancet 356: 1975–1979, 2000.\nHauser RA, Furtado S, Cimino CR et al. 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