[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"_public_publisher_all{\"sortAscending\":false,\"sortField\":\"updateTime\",\"page\":0,\"size\":10,\"facet\":true,\"searchKey\":\"\"}":3,"_public_publisher_byId_17d2c1b0-1d87-4930-af57-5edd45ecb6e8":656,"_public_publication_all{\"sortAscending\":false,\"sortField\":\"totalCitation\",\"page\":0,\"size\":10,\"facet\":true,\"searchKey\":\"publisherId:17d2c1b0-1d87-4930-af57-5edd45ecb6e8,\"}":781},{"meta":4,"data":6},{"total":5},"117",[7,60,176,207,299,413,445,480,543,572],{"id":8,"createTime":9,"updateTime":10,"relativeEntities":11,"slug":12,"properties":13,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":27,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":29,"subjectFields":30,"manageAffiliations":31,"indexDatabases":32,"url":33,"thumbnailPath":34,"statistic":35,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},"5a09599f-54d1-44c3-8f16-3847ac552024","2023-08-17T04:28:50.832+00:00","2025-10-13T23:58:52.517+00:00",[],"T%E1%BA%A1p-ch%C3%AD-Truy%E1%BB%81n-nhi%E1%BB%85m-Vi%E1%BB%87t-Nam",{"country":14,"issn":16,"introduce":18,"title":21},{"VOID":15},"VN",{"VOID":17},"08667829",{"EN":19,"VI":20},"{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"Vietnam Journal of Infectious Diseases is a social - professional forum of the Vietnam Society for Infectious Diseases, whose responsibility is to introduce the researches, the scientific advances in Vietnam and from the world; to contribute to the improvement of knowledges for health care staffs about clinic, treatment, guideline, prevention, epidemiology for infectious diseases, HIV\u002FAIDS and community health care; to provide, exchange and publish scientific information to the public accurately and promptly.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Vietnam Journal of Infectious Diseases publishes in the whole country; serves the professional work for researchers, clinical staffs, administrators, undergraduate and postgraduate students who are working and studying in the infections, tropical diseases and HIV\u002FAIDS from central to local levels, also organizations and individuals in the world who are interested in infectious and tropical diseases and prevention for HIV\u002FAIDS.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Editor in Chief:\"},{\"attributes\":{\"header\":4},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Kinh. - Chairman of Editorial Board\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\",\"blockquote\":true},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Mui.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\",\"blockquote\":true},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Headquarter:\"},{\"attributes\":{\"header\":4},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Address:\"},{\"insert\":\" Level 6, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, No. 78 Giai Phong Street, Dong Da District, Hanoi city, Vietnam.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Tel:\"},{\"insert\":\" \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#008d45\",\"background\":\"transparent\",\"link\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fbvnd.vojs.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjid\u002Fmanagement\u002Fsettings\u002Fcontext\u002Ftel:02435765464\"},\"insert\":\"02435765464\"},{\"insert\":\"; \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#008d45\",\"background\":\"transparent\",\"link\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fbvnd.vojs.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjid\u002Fmanagement\u002Fsettings\u002Fcontext\u002Ftel:0913552672\"},\"insert\":\"0913552672\"},{\"insert\":\"; \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#008d45\",\"background\":\"transparent\",\"link\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fbvnd.vojs.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjid\u002Fmanagement\u002Fsettings\u002Fcontext\u002Ftel:0913228072\"},\"insert\":\"0913228072\"},{\"insert\":\".\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Email\"},{\"insert\":\": \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#008d45\",\"background\":\"transparent\",\"link\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fbvnd.vojs.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Findex\u002Fadmin\u002Fcontexts\u002Fmailto:tungphamvan52@gmail.com\"},\"insert\":\"tungphamvan52@gmail.com\"},{\"insert\":\"; \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#008d45\",\"background\":\"transparent\",\"link\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fbvnd.vojs.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjid\u002Fmanagement\u002Fsettings\u002Fcontext\u002Fmailto:tapchitruyennhiem@gmail.com\"},\"insert\":\"tapchitruyennhiem@gmail.com\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Bank account:\"},{\"insert\":\" 0021000275119, Vietcombank Hanoi Branch. Transaction office No. 7, 402 Tran Khat Chan, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi city, Vietnam.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n\"}]}","{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"Tạp chí Truyền nhiễm Việt Nam là cơ quan ngôn luận của Hội Truyền nhiễm Việt Nam, chịu sự lãnh đạo, chỉ đạo trực tiếp của Thường vụ Ban Chấp hành Hội Truyền nhiễm Việt Nam; sự kiểm tra, giám sát về nghiệp vụ báo chí của các cơ quan chức năng quản lý báo chí thuộc Bộ Thông tin và Truyền thông và Ban Tuyên giáo Trung ương Đảng.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Tạp chí có trách nhiệm giới thiệu các công trình nghiên cứu khoa học, những tiến bộ khoa học trên thế giới và trong nước, góp phần nâng cao kiến thức khoa học cho cán bộ y tế về lâm sàng, điều trị, hướng dẫn, dự phòng, dịch tễ học các bệnh truyền nhiễm, HIV\u002FAIDS và chăm sóc sức khỏe cộng đồng; cung cấp, trao đổi, phổ biến các thông tin khoa học tới công chúng chính xác và kịp thời.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Tạp chí xuất bản 03 tháng\u002F01 kỳ và được phát hành qua Bưu điện và tự phát hành trong phạm vi toàn quốc.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Lãnh đạo Tạp chí: \"},{\"attributes\":{\"header\":4},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Tổng Biên tập: ThS.BSCKII Nguyễn Trung Cấp\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\",\"blockquote\":true},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Phó Tổng Biên tập:\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\",\"blockquote\":true},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"            TS.BSCKII Phạm Ngọc Thạch\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\",\"blockquote\":true},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Trụ sở tòa soạn:\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Địa chỉ: Tầng 6, Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới Trung ương, 78 đường Giải Phóng, phường Phương Mai, quận Đống Đa, thành phố Hà Nội.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Điện thoại:\"},{\"insert\":\" \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#008d45\",\"background\":\"transparent\",\"link\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fbvnd.vojs.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjid\u002Fmanagement\u002Fsettings\u002Fcontext\u002Ftel:02435765464\"},\"insert\":\"02435765464\"},{\"insert\":\" - \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#008d45\",\"background\":\"transparent\",\"link\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fbvnd.vojs.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjid\u002Fmanagement\u002Fsettings\u002Fcontext\u002Ftel:0913228072\"},\"insert\":\"0913228072\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Email\"},{\"insert\":\": \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#008d45\",\"background\":\"transparent\",\"link\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fbvnd.vojs.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Findex\u002Fadmin\u002Fcontexts\u002Fmailto:tungphamvan52@gmail.com\"},\"insert\":\"tungphamvan52@gmail.com\"},{\"insert\":\"; \"},{\"attributes\":{\"color\":\"#008d45\",\"background\":\"transparent\",\"link\":\"https:\u002F\u002Fbvnd.vojs.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjid\u002Fmanagement\u002Fsettings\u002Fcontext\u002Fmailto:tapchitruyennhiem@gmail.com\"},\"insert\":\"tapchitruyennhiem@gmail.com\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Tài khoản:\"},{\"insert\":\" Số 0021000275119 Ngân hàng Ngoại thương Việt Nam, chi nhánh Hà Nội (Vietcombank Hà Nội). Phòng giao dịch số 7, 402 Trần Khát Chân, quận Hai Bà Trưng, Thành phố Hà Nội.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n\"}]}",{"EN":22,"VI":23},"Vietnam Journal of Infectious Diseases","Tạp chí Truyền nhiễm Việt Nam","PUBLISHER","VERIFIED",null,"Admin update database","PENDING",51,[],[],[],"https:\u002F\u002Ftruyennhiemvietnam.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjid","\u002Fapi\u002Fpublic\u002Ffile\u002Fpublisher\u002F5a09599f-54d1-44c3-8f16-3847ac552024\u002Fadb0e52bf25e0de580fd4289519cb8bf.jpg",{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":37,"i10Index":36,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":41,"totalPublicationByYear":42,"totalCitation":48,"totalCitationByYear":49,"totalCitationPerPublication":54,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":55,"hindexLast5Year":59,"hindex":59},0,{"2022":38,"2023":39,"2024":40},0.01,0.03,0.13,315,{"2020":43,"2021":44,"2022":45,"2023":46,"2024":47},63,58,57,65,72,43,{"2020":50,"2021":51,"2022":52,"2023":53},8,15,9,11,0.14,{"2020":40,"2021":56,"2022":57,"2023":58},0.26,0.16,0.17,3,{"id":61,"createTime":62,"updateTime":63,"relativeEntities":64,"slug":65,"properties":66,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":78,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":79,"subjectFields":80,"manageAffiliations":81,"indexDatabases":136,"url":137,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":138,"gsStatistic":155,"type":175,"analyzePriority":26},"25b6bd10-676c-40c0-8dc3-356d1679a284","2023-05-19T02:22:33.430+00:00","2026-06-18T23:33:57.141+00:00",[],"T%E1%BA%A1p-ch%C3%AD-Y-D%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c-h%E1%BB%8Dc-C%E1%BA%A7n-Th%C6%A1",{"country":67,"issn":68,"introduce":70,"title":73,"gsId":76},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":69},"23541210",{"EN":71,"VI":72},"\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">04\u002F10\u002F2015 Ministry of Information and Communications allowed Can Tho journal of medicine and pharmacy to operate (102 \u002FGP-BTTTT)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">07\u002F16\u002F2015 Can Tho journal of medicine and pharmacy is internationally recognized: ISSN 2354-1210\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">In 2016, The journal has been included in the list of medical science journals by The State Council for professorship which is awarded a work score of 0-0.5 points for a published article.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Can Tho Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy welcome original works that haven’t been submitted or published in other medical journals. Posts must contain content related to one of the journal’s categories.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">The content published\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">The journal is divided into 3 categories:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Scientific research article: are valuable scientific works, which have been researched and accepted.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Overview of medicine, biology and pharmacy: serving the objective of continuing training in the fields of medicine, biology and pharmacy; to systematize classical and modern knowledge.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Update information on new knowledge about medicine, biology, pharmacy in the country and in the world.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Scope\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Publication and introduction of scientific research in the fields:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">+ Medicine (internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, odonto-stomatology, laboratory, oncology, traditional medicine, nursing).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">+ Biology (genetics, biotechnology).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">+ Pharmacology (pharmaceutics, drug quality analysis-control, synthetic pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacognosy, botany, clinical pharmacy).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- To enhance the quality of undergraduate, postgraduate education, scientifically researching and meet the necessary treatment in hospital.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Introducing the updated domestic and oversea information about science technology to promote scientific research and exchanging technology in local, other universities.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Exchanging pharmaceutical and medical information for social health developing in the Mekong Delta and Vietnam.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">The object\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Postgraduate students, student of Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, scientists from schools, research institutes, hospitals, health centers, pharmaceutical companies of the Mekong Delta; other provinces and regions in Vietnam and other country.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Address\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Headquarters of Can Tho Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, located Scientific Research and International Cooperation Office: 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, An Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Ngày 16\u002F7\u002F2015, Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ được cấp chỉ số quốc tế: ISSN 2354-1210.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Từ tháng 4\u002F2016, Tạp chí đã được Hội đồng Giáo sư ngành Y đưa vào danh sách các tạp chí khoa học Y học được tính điểm công trình 0-0,5 điểm cho một bài báo đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Năm 2020 Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ đã được phê duyệt vào danh mục của các Hội đồng Giáo sư ngành Dược học được tính điểm công trình 0-0,5 điểm cho một bài báo đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ ra 12 số\u002Fnăm, 180-200 trang\u002Fsố.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Từ tháng 12\u002F2022 Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ là thành viên của hệ thống Crossref và từ tháng 01\u002F2023 tạp chí thực hiện bình duyệt online kín 2 chiều nhằm tăng tính minh bạch, tin cậy của các công trình nghiên cứu khoa học và đảm bảo tốt nhất chất lượng khoa học của bài viết.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tôn chỉ, mục đích và phạm vi của tạp chí\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tôn chỉ và mục đích hoạt động của tạp chí: xuất bản nhằm mục đích phổ biến kết quả từ các đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học; giao lưu trao đổi khoa học, chia sẻ kinh nghiệm, học tập, đồng thời cập nhật thông tin khoa học mới trong các lĩnh vực y, sinh, dược học trong và ngoài nước.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Phạm vi của tạp chí: Tạp chí xuất bản được chia thành 3 chuyên mục: (i) Bài báo nghiên cứu khoa học là kết quả công trình nghiên cứu khoa học có giá trị đã được triển khai nghiên cứu, (ii) Bài tổng quan y, sinh, dược học: phục vụ mục tiêu đào tạo liên tục trong lĩnh vực y, sinh, dược học; nhằm hệ thống hóa những kiến thức kinh điển và hiện đại; (iii) Thông tin cập nhật kiến thức mới về y, sinh, dược học trong nước và trên thế giới.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Chính sách truy cập mở\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ áp dụng chính sách truy cập mở đối với các bài báo đã xuất bản đến với độc giả, nhằm mở rộng cơ hội tiếp cận các kết quả nghiên cứu chất lượng cao và tăng cường trao đổi kiến thức. Tạp chí đăng tải trực tuyến (miễn phí) toàn văn các bài báo được công bố trên website của Tạp chí (https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đạo đức xuất bản\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ cam kết tuân thủ đạo đức xuất bản phù hợp với các hướng dẫn và tiêu chuẩn của the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), tuân thủ các nguyên tắc của COPE’s Core Practices, Best Practices Guidelines for Journal Editors và Guidelines on Good Publication Practices.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Bản thảo bài báo chỉ được chấp nhận khi được tác giả chịu trách nhiệm chính cam kết các nội dung sau: Các nội dung của bản thảo chưa được đăng tải toàn bộ hoặc một phần ở các tạp chí khác; Tất cả các tác giả đều có đóng góp một cách đáng kể vào quá trình nghiên cứu hoặc chuẩn bị bản thảo và cùng chịu trách nhiệm về các nội dung của bản thảo; Tuân thủ các biện pháp đảm bảo đạo đức nghiên cứu (ví dụ thỏa thuận đồng ý tham gia nghiên cứu).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Cam kết bảo mật\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí cam kết thực hiện và tuân thủ các quy định của luật và các văn bản hướng dẫn liên quan đến bảo mật thông tin cá nhân trên không gian mạng. Các thông tin mà người dùng (tác giả, độc giả, biên tập viên, người phản biện) nhập vào các biểu mẫu trên Hệ thống Quản lý xuất bản trực tuyến của tạp chí chỉ được sử dụng vào các mục đích đã được tuyên bố rõ ràng và sẽ không được cung cấp cho bất kỳ bên thứ ba nào khác, hay dùng vào bất kỳ mục đích nào khác.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Phí gửi bài\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Lệ phí gửi đăng bài: 1.000.000đ\u002Fbài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Lệ phí gửi đăng nhanh: 1.500.000đ\u002Fbài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đối với tác giả là cán bộ viên chức thuộc Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ thì được hỗ trợ 50% lệ phí gửi đăng bài.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đối với sinh viên thực hiện đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học cấp trường được hỗ trợ 100% lệ phí đăng bài ( Tác giả gửi đính kèm “ Quyết định về việc giao tổ chức thực hiện đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học cấp Trường của sinh viên”).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Hình thức nộp lệ phí:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Tiền mặt:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Nộp trực tiếp tại Phòng Tài chính - Kế toán, Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ, số 179 Nguyễn Văn Cừ, P. An Khánh, Q. Ninh Kiều, thành phố Cần Thơ.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Chuyển khoản:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tên Tài khoản: Trường ĐHYD Cần Thơ, Số TK: 0111000115668, tại ngân hàng Vietcombank chi nhánh Cần Thơ.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Thời gian: Áp dụng từ ngày 01\u002F02\u002F2023.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">* Phí gửi bài không được hoàn trả khi bài viết bị từ chối hoặc tác giả xin rút bài viết.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Quy trình phản biện bài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ thực hiện quy trình phản biện kín hai chiều nghiêm ngặt. Danh tính của những người phản biện không được tiết lộ cho các tác giả và ngược lại. Quy trình thẩm định bài báo đăng gồm các bước sau:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tiếp nhận bản thảo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tác giả liên hệ gửi bản thảo đến Tạp chí qua hệ thống trực tuyến tại website: https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn. Hướng dẫn về cách đăng ký, gửi bài và chuẩn bị bản thảo được cung cấp trên website của Tạp chí.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Sàng lọc sơ bộ\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Sau khi Tòa soạn nhận được bài báo của tác giả, Ban Thư ký sẽ tiến hành kiểm tra sơ bộ bài báo (các yêu cầu về nội dung và hình thức). Những bài báo không đúng quy cách hoặc có nội dung không phù hợp hoặc vi phạm bản quyền sẽ bị từ chối (Ban Thư ký thông báo phản hồi đến tác giả trong vòng 1 tuần). Những bài báo đủ điều kiện, được Ban Thư ký tòa soạn chuyển đến Ban Biên tập có cùng chuyên môn với nội dung bài báo để đề xuất người phản biện. Thời gian kể từ khi Ban Biên tập nhận bài báo đến khi đề xuất người phản biện bài báo chậm nhất là 5 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Vòng phản biện\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Ban Thư ký gửi bài và yêu cầu phản biện đến 02 phản biện độc lập.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Các phản biện gởi nhận xét cho Ban Thư ký. Thời gian từ khi gửi bài cho phản biện đến khi nhận ý kiến của phản biện tối đa là 20 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Xử ký kết quả phản biện\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Nếu ý kiến đồng ý cho đăng và không cần chỉnh sửa, Ban Thư ký tiếp tục đăng bài theo qui trình.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Nếu ý kiến đồng ý đăng và cần chỉnh sửa, Ban Thư ký sẽ thông tin đến tác giả chỉnh sửa theo yêu cầu của người phản biện. Thời gian chỉnh sửa và gửi lại kéo dài không quá 2 tuần, từ khi tác giả bài báo nhận được thông tin (Quá trình này có thể lặp lại tối đa 2 lần\u002F1 bài báo). Khi có sự thống nhất, đồng ý của người phản biện; bài báo được tiếp tục đăng theo qui trình.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">3. Những bài báo có chất lượng không đạt yêu cầu, cả 2 phản biện không đồng ý cho đăng sẽ bị Tòa soạn từ chối đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Xuất bản\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Ban Thư ký tổng hợp các bản thảo đã được tác giả hoàn thiện sau thẩm định trình Ban Biên tập xem xét, Tổng Biên tập phê duyệt, quyết định bài đăng theo các tiêu chí: sự phù hợp nội dung với tôn chỉ và mục đích, thể loại bài viết (ưu tiên các bài có bài có nghiên cứu chuyên sâu, hàm lượng khoa học cao), đóng góp mới bài báo, bài báo được ưu tiên đăng trong số gần nhất của Tạp chí theo thứ tự: tính thời sự, chất lượng bài báo và thời gian gửi bài.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Ban Biên tập và Ban Thư ký biên tập bản thảo, chế bản, đọc rà soát lỗi. Thời gian hoàn thành từ 10-15 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">3. Ban Thư ký có trách nhiệm thông báo cho tác giả bài báo (bằng e-mail) về tình hình phê duyệt bài báo, thời gian, số kỳ, tập xuất bản bài báo theo qui định.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">4. Danh sách bài báo theo số Tạp chí được in ấn và phát hành trong năm định kỳ được công bố chính thức trên website: https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"EN":74,"VI":75},"Cantho Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy","Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ",{"VOID":77},"wcQ1uqwAAAAJ","2023-05-30T08:17:21.868+00:00",32,[],[82],{"id":83,"createTime":84,"updateTime":85,"relativeEntities":86,"slug":87,"properties":88,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":99,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":100,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":103,"url":104,"parentIds":105,"statistic":106},"6413896b-eca9-442b-a73f-182a58a0ce40","2023-06-12T14:59:13.446+00:00","2026-06-19T02:29:32.871+00:00",[],"Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng-%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i-h%E1%BB%8Dc-Y-D%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c-C%E1%BA%A7n-Th%C6%A1",{"country":89,"title":90,"address":93,"abbreviation":96},{"VOID":15},{"EN":91,"VI":92},"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy","Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ",{"VI":94,"EN":95},"Số 179, đường Nguyễn Văn Cừ, phường An Khánh, quận Ninh Kiều, thành phố Cần Thơ, Việt Nam","No 179, Nguyen Van Cu street, An Khanh ward, Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city, Vietnam",{"VOID":97},"ctump","AFFILIATION","2023-08-01T14:07:27.977+00:00",[101,102],"VI","EN",12,"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ctump.edu.vn\u002F",[],{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":107,"i10Index":111,"i10IndexLast5Year":59,"totalPublication":112,"totalPublicationByYear":113,"totalCitation":122,"totalCitationByYear":123,"totalCitationPerPublication":128,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":129,"hindexLast5Year":135,"hindex":135},{"2022":108,"2023":109,"2024":110,"2025":38},0.1,0.05,0.07,4,1489,{"2013":114,"2014":115,"2015":115,"2016":111,"2017":115,"2018":59,"2019":114,"2020":116,"2021":117,"2022":118,"2023":119,"2024":120,"2025":121,"2026":111},2,1,10,84,281,680,260,156,313,{"2013":59,"2014":114,"2018":124,"2021":125,"2022":126,"2023":127},17,36,123,132,0.21,{"2013":130,"2014":114,"2018":131,"2021":132,"2022":133,"2023":134},1.5,5.67,0.43,0.44,0.19,6,[],"https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fctump",{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":139,"i10Index":114,"i10IndexLast5Year":114,"totalPublication":140,"totalPublicationByYear":141,"totalCitation":147,"totalCitationByYear":148,"totalCitationPerPublication":151,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":152,"hindexLast5Year":135,"hindex":135},{"2022":38,"2023":36,"2024":39,"2025":38},1956,{"0":114,"2019":114,"2020":50,"2021":142,"2022":143,"2023":144,"2024":145,"2025":146},76,403,789,305,371,524,{"0":114,"2019":135,"2021":124,"2022":149,"2023":150,"2024":111,"2025":114},287,206,0.27,{"0":115,"2019":59,"2021":153,"2022":154,"2023":56,"2024":38,"2025":38},0.22,0.71,{"impactFactor":26,"impactFactorByYear":26,"i10Index":114,"i10IndexLast5Year":114,"totalPublication":156,"totalPublicationByYear":157,"totalCitation":163,"totalCitationByYear":164,"totalCitationPerPublication":169,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":170,"hindexLast5Year":135,"hindex":135},461,{"0":158,"2019":114,"2021":159,"2022":160,"2023":161,"2024":158,"2025":162},7,37,296,107,5,419,{"2021":59,"2022":59,"2023":165,"2024":166,"2025":167,"2026":168},71,126,171,41,0.91,{"2021":171,"2022":38,"2023":172,"2024":173,"2025":174},0.08,0.66,18,34.2,"JOURNAL",{"id":177,"createTime":178,"updateTime":179,"relativeEntities":180,"slug":181,"properties":182,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":193,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":194,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":195,"manageAffiliations":196,"indexDatabases":197,"url":198,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":199,"type":175,"analyzePriority":26},"f8d0bf97-8d89-482e-b58c-2fc481a0b79b","2025-10-27T06:27:08.591+00:00","2026-06-18T23:33:41.667+00:00",[],"T%E1%BA%A1p-ch%C3%AD-Khoa-h%E1%BB%8Dc-v%C3%A0-C%C3%B4ng-ngh%E1%BB%87-nhi%E1%BB%87t-%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bi",{"country":183,"introduce":184,"gsId":186,"title":188,"issn":191},{"VOID":15},{"EN":185},"\u003Cp style=\"text-align:justify;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Journal of Tropical Science and Engineering (JTSE) is a multidisciplinary scientific journal, licensed to operate as a print journal in 2012 and an electronic journal in 2024 (License No.1479\u002FGP-BTTTT dated August 20, 2012 and No.91\u002FGP-BTTTT dated April 9, 2024 issued by the Ministry of Information and Communications of Vietnam). The JTSE is headquartered in Hanoi.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align:justify;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The JTSE is published every 3 months (4 issues\u002Fyear), publishing research results and overview articles in 3 groups of fields: Tropical Ecology and Environment; Chemistry and Material Sciences; Biomedicine and Pharmacy. In 2022, the JTSE registered the international identifier Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.58334\u002Fvrtc.jtst and assigned DOI codes to all articles of the journal. The members of the Editorial Board of the JTSE are prestigious scientists and leading scientists from Vietnam and many countries in the world. The JTSE has been recognized by the Vietnam State Council for Professorship to score scientific articles in Chemistry, Medicine and Biology with scores ranging from 0-0.75 points.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align:justify;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Currently, the JTSE is building and perfecting a set of criteria and making efforts to join the List of prestigious&nbsp; international journals with a roadmap to enter Scopus and SCIE in the coming time.\u003C\u002Fp>",{"VOID":187},"MS2_GJQAAAAJ",{"VI":189,"EN":190},"Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ nhiệt đới","Journal of Tropical Science and Engineering",{"VOID":192},"08667535","2025-10-27T06:27:25.058+00:00",[101,102],[],[],[],"https:\u002F\u002Ftapchikhcnnd.com.vn",{"impactFactor":26,"impactFactorByYear":26,"i10Index":36,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":200,"totalPublicationByYear":201,"totalCitation":161,"totalCitationByYear":203,"totalCitationPerPublication":153,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":205,"hindexLast5Year":114,"hindex":114},481,{"0":115,"2020":115,"2021":115,"2022":114,"2024":115,"2025":202,"2026":115},474,{"2017":114,"2018":115,"2019":111,"2020":162,"2021":162,"2022":116,"2023":50,"2024":162,"2025":204,"2026":52},52,{"2020":162,"2021":162,"2022":162,"2024":162,"2025":206,"2026":52},0.11,{"id":208,"createTime":209,"updateTime":210,"relativeEntities":211,"slug":212,"properties":213,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":221,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":222,"subjectFields":223,"manageAffiliations":224,"indexDatabases":225,"url":226,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":227,"gsStatistic":276,"type":175,"analyzePriority":26},"a3d1e82a-57e2-40f9-940e-f5fa8b9ef64a","2023-06-01T07:11:26.039+00:00","2026-06-18T23:33:28.573+00:00",[],"VNU-Journal-of-Science-Earth-and-Environmental-Sciences",{"issn":214,"title":216,"country":218,"gsId":219},{"VOID":215},"26159279",{"EN":217},"VNU Journal of Science: Earth and Environmental Sciences",{"VOID":15},{"VOID":220},"UmXD8vEAAAAJ","2023-06-01T07:17:59.210+00:00",27,[],[],[],"https:\u002F\u002Fjs.vnu.edu.vn\u002FEES",{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":228,"i10Index":234,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":235,"totalPublicationByYear":236,"totalCitation":246,"totalCitationByYear":247,"totalCitationPerPublication":261,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":262,"hindexLast5Year":103,"hindex":103},{"2010":229,"2012":40,"2013":230,"2014":230,"2015":231,"2016":54,"2017":171,"2018":109,"2019":110,"2020":57,"2021":232,"2022":233,"2023":151,"2024":58},0.02,0.04,0.09,0.31,0.4,19,656,{"2008":237,"2009":238,"2010":239,"2011":238,"2012":240,"2013":241,"2014":239,"2015":242,"2016":243,"2017":244,"2018":245,"2019":165,"2020":125,"2021":168,"2022":125,"2023":222,"2024":111},23,24,22,28,25,20,146,29,78,1038,{"2008":248,"2009":249,"2010":250,"2011":251,"2012":252,"2013":253,"2014":254,"2015":255,"2016":256,"2017":257,"2018":161,"2019":258,"2020":259,"2021":29,"2022":260},119,64,66,86,38,73,59,31,129,39,97,53,26,1.58,{"2008":263,"2009":264,"2010":59,"2011":265,"2012":266,"2013":267,"2014":268,"2015":269,"2016":270,"2017":271,"2018":272,"2019":272,"2020":273,"2021":274,"2022":275},5.17,2.67,3.58,1.36,2.92,2.68,1.55,0.88,1.34,1.37,1.47,1.24,0.72,{"impactFactor":26,"impactFactorByYear":26,"i10Index":173,"i10IndexLast5Year":135,"totalPublication":277,"totalPublicationByYear":278,"totalCitation":279,"totalCitationByYear":280,"totalCitationPerPublication":288,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":289,"hindexLast5Year":158,"hindex":298},113,{"2007":114,"2008":103,"2009":173,"2010":116,"2011":51,"2012":239,"2013":103,"2014":162,"2015":53,"2016":135},616,{"2009":162,"2010":114,"2011":52,"2012":124,"2013":222,"2014":255,"2015":48,"2016":44,"2017":281,"2018":282,"2019":259,"2020":283,"2021":284,"2022":285,"2023":286,"2024":257,"2025":287,"2026":59},54,60,49,47,34,44,33,5.45,{"2009":290,"2010":291,"2011":292,"2012":293,"2013":294,"2014":295,"2015":296,"2016":297},0.28,0.2,0.6,0.77,2.25,6.2,3.91,9.67,14,{"id":300,"createTime":301,"updateTime":302,"relativeEntities":303,"slug":304,"properties":305,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":316,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":234,"subjectFields":317,"manageAffiliations":318,"indexDatabases":388,"url":389,"thumbnailPath":390,"statistic":391,"gsStatistic":409,"type":175,"analyzePriority":26},"a7166325-6c9e-4db3-8a59-7c879701a372","2023-07-31T04:28:49.231+00:00","2026-06-18T23:33:22.428+00:00",[],"VNU-Journal-of-Science-Policy-and-Management-Studies",{"country":306,"issn":307,"eissn":309,"title":311,"gsId":314},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":308},"26159295",{"VOID":310},"25881116",{"EN":312,"VI":313},"VNU Journal of Science: Policy and Management Studies","Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Chính sách và Quản lý",{"VOID":315},"xKW2E_cAAAAJ","2023-08-01T03:23:46.688+00:00",[],[319],{"id":320,"createTime":321,"updateTime":322,"relativeEntities":323,"slug":324,"properties":325,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":335,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":336,"url":337,"parentIds":338,"statistic":339},"12466116-8f60-4b01-8faf-2411483a0977","2023-05-30T09:37:38.472+00:00","2026-06-19T02:14:28.352+00:00",[],"Vietnam-National-University",{"country":326,"title":327,"abbreviation":330,"address":332},{"VOID":15},{"EN":328,"VI":329},"Vietnam National University, Hanoi","Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội",{"VOID":331},"VNU",{"VI":333,"EN":334},"Số 144 Xuân Thủy, Phường Dịch Vọng Hậu, Quận Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội, Việt Nam","No. 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Dich Vong Hau Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam","2023-08-02T13:58:17.029+00:00",16,"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.vnu.edu.vn\u002F",[],{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":340,"i10Index":285,"i10IndexLast5Year":162,"totalPublication":344,"totalPublicationByYear":345,"totalCitation":354,"totalCitationByYear":355,"totalCitationPerPublication":368,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":369,"hindexLast5Year":336,"hindex":336},{"2014":109,"2015":231,"2016":231,"2017":206,"2018":341,"2019":110,"2020":342,"2021":343,"2022":171,"2023":231,"2024":110,"2025":39},0.06,0.18,0.35,1247,{"2003":115,"2004":115,"2005":114,"2006":59,"2007":111,"2008":162,"2009":59,"2010":50,"2011":124,"2012":336,"2013":260,"2014":244,"2015":250,"2016":281,"2017":346,"2018":347,"2019":348,"2020":349,"2021":350,"2022":351,"2023":352,"2024":353,"2025":255,"2026":50},94,88,83,67,176,185,187,93,1644,{"2004":111,"2005":115,"2006":52,"2007":298,"2008":356,"2009":298,"2010":286,"2011":357,"2012":244,"2013":358,"2014":359,"2015":360,"2016":361,"2017":362,"2018":363,"2019":364,"2020":365,"2021":366,"2022":367,"2023":367,"2024":162},13,81,48,70,151,115,109,259,174,181,121,101,1.32,{"2004":111,"2005":370,"2006":59,"2007":371,"2008":372,"2009":373,"2010":374,"2011":375,"2012":376,"2013":377,"2014":378,"2015":379,"2016":380,"2017":381,"2018":382,"2019":383,"2020":384,"2021":385,"2022":386,"2023":387,"2024":109},0.5,3.5,2.6,4.67,5.5,4.76,1.81,1.85,2.41,2.29,2.13,1.16,2.94,2.1,2.7,0.69,0.55,0.54,[],"https:\u002F\u002Fjs.vnu.edu.vn\u002FPaM","\u002Fapi\u002Fpublic\u002Ffile\u002Fpublisher\u002Fa7166325-6c9e-4db3-8a59-7c879701a372\u002Fecfe83f4bcc60c7023ae04d8900fe0ac.jpg",{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":392,"i10Index":111,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":394,"totalPublicationByYear":395,"totalCitation":399,"totalCitationByYear":400,"totalCitationPerPublication":293,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":403,"hindexLast5Year":158,"hindex":158},{"2018":109,"2019":171,"2020":393,"2021":108,"2022":54,"2023":206,"2024":54},0.23,320,{"2015":50,"2016":239,"2017":286,"2018":396,"2019":397,"2020":159,"2021":398,"2022":168,"2023":79,"2024":255},30,35,40,247,{"2015":115,"2016":242,"2017":401,"2018":222,"2019":402,"2020":79,"2021":239,"2022":50,"2023":116},77,50,{"2015":404,"2016":169,"2017":405,"2018":406,"2019":407,"2020":408,"2021":386,"2022":291,"2023":232},0.12,1.75,0.9,1.43,0.86,{"impactFactor":26,"impactFactorByYear":26,"i10Index":36,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":103,"totalPublicationByYear":410,"totalCitation":234,"totalCitationByYear":411,"totalCitationPerPublication":261,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":412,"hindexLast5Year":114,"hindex":59},{"2015":114,"2016":116},{"2016":115,"2017":114,"2018":114,"2019":59,"2020":114,"2021":59,"2022":114,"2023":114,"2024":115,"2026":115},{"2016":108},{"id":414,"createTime":415,"updateTime":416,"relativeEntities":417,"slug":418,"properties":419,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":238,"subjectFields":428,"manageAffiliations":429,"indexDatabases":430,"url":431,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":432,"gsStatistic":438,"type":175,"analyzePriority":26},"16e65a3f-d274-47dd-8691-56d76eb58c3d","2023-05-30T09:10:06.062+00:00","2026-06-18T23:33:17.679+00:00",[],"Vietnam-Journal-of-Otorhinolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery",{"country":420,"issn":421,"title":423,"gsId":426},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":422},"18593704",{"EN":424,"VI":425},"Vietnam Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery","Tạp chí Tai Mũi Họng Việt Nam",{"VOID":427},"L78B_eIAAAAJ",[],[],[],"https:\u002F\u002Ftapchitaimuihong.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Ftmh",{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":433,"i10Index":36,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":434,"totalPublicationByYear":435,"totalCitation":111,"totalCitationByYear":436,"totalCitationPerPublication":230,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":437,"hindexLast5Year":115,"hindex":115},{"2024":229},95,{"2022":52,"2023":286,"2024":255,"2025":53},{"2023":111},{"2023":231},{"impactFactor":26,"impactFactorByYear":26,"i10Index":36,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":240,"totalPublicationByYear":439,"totalCitation":234,"totalCitationByYear":440,"totalCitationPerPublication":441,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":442,"hindexLast5Year":114,"hindex":114},{"2023":53,"2024":116,"2025":135,"2026":115},{"2024":59,"2025":298,"2026":114},0.68,{"2024":443,"2025":444,"2026":114},0.3,2.33,{"id":446,"createTime":447,"updateTime":448,"relativeEntities":449,"slug":450,"properties":451,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":396,"subjectFields":460,"manageAffiliations":461,"indexDatabases":462,"url":463,"thumbnailPath":464,"statistic":465,"gsStatistic":472,"type":175,"analyzePriority":26},"25988add-c322-4eda-afda-63b1559bb824","2023-04-07T03:49:55.817+00:00","2026-06-18T23:32:23.776+00:00",[],"T%E1%BA%A1p%20ch%C3%AD%20Y%20-%20D%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c%20h%E1%BB%8Dc%20qu%C3%A2n%20s%E1%BB%B1",{"country":452,"issn":453,"title":455,"gsId":458},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":454},"18590748",{"EN":456,"VI":457},"Journal of Military Pharmaco-medicine","Tạp chí Y - Dược học quân sự",{"VOID":459},"_pmQ8IEAAAAJ",[],[],[],"https:\u002F\u002Fjmpm.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fjmpm","\u002Fapi\u002Fpublic\u002Ffile\u002Fpublisher\u002F25988add-c322-4eda-afda-63b1559bb824\u002F09c6bc42157cf5ece95edc971ccddb52.jpg",{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":466,"i10Index":36,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":467,"totalPublicationByYear":468,"totalCitation":135,"totalCitationByYear":470,"totalCitationPerPublication":38,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":471,"hindexLast5Year":115,"hindex":115},{"2023":229,"2024":38},475,{"2022":168,"2023":365,"2024":469,"2025":124},236,{"2022":114,"2023":111},{"2022":109,"2023":229},{"impactFactor":26,"impactFactorByYear":26,"i10Index":36,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":277,"totalPublicationByYear":473,"totalCitation":401,"totalCitationByYear":474,"totalCitationPerPublication":441,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":475,"hindexLast5Year":59,"hindex":59},{"2015":115,"2018":114,"2019":115,"2020":115,"2021":59,"2022":103,"2023":159,"2024":287,"2025":237},{"2020":115,"2021":115,"2022":115,"2023":52,"2024":237,"2025":79,"2026":116},{"2020":115,"2021":476,"2022":171,"2023":477,"2024":478,"2025":479},0.33,0.24,0.7,1.39,{"id":481,"createTime":482,"updateTime":483,"relativeEntities":484,"slug":485,"properties":486,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":27,"syncStatus":28,"languages":496,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":45,"subjectFields":497,"manageAffiliations":498,"indexDatabases":525,"url":526,"thumbnailPath":527,"statistic":528,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},"2b8d7b12-2d20-4777-be98-077f44f03c69","2023-09-07T07:40:58.286+00:00","2025-07-13T21:21:00.542+00:00",[],"VNU-Journal-of-Social-Sciences-and-Humanities",{"country":487,"issn":488,"introduce":490,"title":493},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":489},"23541172",{"EN":491,"VI":492},"{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"VNU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (ISSN 2354-1172) is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal published by University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, under the publication permit no. 155\u002FGP-BTTTT, issued on 11\"},{\"attributes\":{\"script\":\"super\"},\"insert\":\"th \"},{\"insert\":\"May, 2015 by Ministry of Information and Communications. The journal publishes four Vietnamese issues and two English issues per year.\\nCurrently, there are 35 reputable professors in the editorial board. The main objectives of the journal include: providing an intellectual platform for Vietnamese and international scholars; promoting interdisciplinary studies in social sciences and humanities; becoming the leading journal in social sciences and humanities in Vietnam; being indexed by worldwide databases and having academic recognition internationally in the near future.\\nThe journal is currently indexed by Google Scholar, WorldCat, Open Archives, Cosmos Impact Factor, Advanced Sciences Index, Scientific Indexing Services, CrossRef, EBSCO Information Services and Vietnam National University’s digital archive.\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities-Vietnam\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"ISSN 2354-1172, email: tapchikhxhnv@gmail.com, tckhxhnv@vnu.edu.vn\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n\"}]}","{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"Được thành lập ngày 31\u002F8\u002F2015 (giấy phép hoạt động số 155\u002FGP-BVHTT ngày 11 tháng 5 năm 2015 của Bộ Thông tin và Truyền thông, mã số tiêu chuẩn quốc tế ISSN 2354-1172), Tạp chí Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn (Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities) là ấn phẩm khoa học chính thức, duy nhất của Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, ĐHQG Hà Nội, phát triển và kế thừa Chuyên san Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, Tạp chí Khoa học, ĐHQG Hà Nội.\\nTạp chí xuất bản định kỳ (04 số tiếng Việt\u002Fnăm và 02 số tiếng Anh\u002Fnăm), có nhiệm vụ \"},{\"attributes\":{\"italic\":true},\"insert\":\"công bố, giới thiệu các công trình nghiên cứu khoa học khoa học xã hội và nhân văn của các tác giả là các nhà khoa học trong và ngoài nước, phục vụ giảng dạy, học tập và nghiên cứu khoa học\"},{\"insert\":\". Hội đồng biên tập của Tạp chí hiện bao gồm 33 nhà khoa học có uy tín trong nước và quốc tế. Tạp chí tập trung và ưu tiên đăng tải những bài báo theo định hướng của tinh thần cởi mở, sáng tạo, nhanh chóng vươn lên để tiếp cận và sánh ngang với các tạp chí có uy tín hàng đầu của khu vực và trên thế giới. Nội dung chính của Tạp chí bao gồm các Bài nghiên cứu (khoảng 6000 đến 15000 từ), các bài điểm sách, thông tin khoa học (khoảng 300 đến 1500 từ) được trình bày theo đúng cấu trúc và chuẩn mực của một tạp chí khoa học.\\nCác bài viết của Tạp chí hiện đang được trích dẫn bởi Google Scholar, WorldCat, Open Archives, Cosmos Impact Factor, Advanced Sciences Index, Scientific Indexing Services, CrossRef, EBSCO Information Services.\\nMọi thông tin xin liên hệ: \"},{\"attributes\":{\"italic\":true},\"insert\":\"Phòng Tạp chí, 701 - E, Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, 336 Nguyễn Trãi, Thanh Xuân, Hà Nội. ĐT: 024.35581984; email: tckhxhnv@vnu.edu.vn \"},{\"insert\":\"hoặc \"},{\"attributes\":{\"italic\":true},\"insert\":\"tapchikhxhnv@gmail.com \"},{\"insert\":\"\\n\"}]}",{"EN":494,"VI":495},"VNU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities","Tạp chí Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn",[101,102],[],[499],{"id":500,"createTime":501,"updateTime":502,"relativeEntities":503,"slug":504,"properties":505,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":509,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":222,"url":26,"parentIds":510,"statistic":511},"8b6e349b-0daf-4895-9c3f-85f30f1bfd42","2023-07-31T12:55:58.430+00:00","2026-06-19T02:30:07.899+00:00",[],"Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng-%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i-h%E1%BB%8Dc-Khoa-h%E1%BB%8Dc-X%C3%A3-h%E1%BB%99i-v%C3%A0-Nh%C3%A2n-v%C4%83n-%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i-h%E1%BB%8Dc-Qu%E1%BB%91c-gia-H%C3%A0-N%E1%BB%99i",{"title":506},{"EN":507,"VI":508},"VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities","Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội","2023-08-02T15:28:49.057+00:00",[],{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":512,"i10Index":59,"i10IndexLast5Year":115,"totalPublication":514,"totalPublicationByYear":515,"totalCitation":518,"totalCitationByYear":519,"totalCitationPerPublication":520,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":521,"hindexLast5Year":162,"hindex":162},{"2016":229,"2017":230,"2018":229,"2021":230,"2022":58,"2023":513,"2024":38},0.15,365,{"2013":115,"2014":158,"2015":125,"2016":252,"2017":44,"2018":516,"2019":286,"2020":396,"2021":259,"2022":517,"2023":396,"2024":115,"2025":59,"2026":115},21,42,169,{"2015":283,"2016":135,"2017":52,"2018":50,"2019":298,"2020":53,"2021":359,"2022":115,"2023":115},0.46,{"2015":266,"2016":57,"2017":57,"2018":522,"2019":523,"2020":524,"2021":368,"2022":229,"2023":39},0.38,0.32,0.37,[],"http:\u002F\u002Fjournal.ussh.vnu.edu.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjossh","\u002Fapi\u002Fpublic\u002Ffile\u002Fpublisher\u002F2b8d7b12-2d20-4777-be98-077f44f03c69\u002F0bd0751202944a4b4165b482e6e623e4.png",{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":529,"i10Index":162,"i10IndexLast5Year":115,"totalPublication":530,"totalPublicationByYear":531,"totalCitation":537,"totalCitationByYear":538,"totalCitationPerPublication":343,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":540,"hindexLast5Year":135,"hindex":135},{"2016":341,"2017":39,"2018":229,"2019":38,"2020":110,"2021":231,"2022":231,"2023":341,"2024":39},764,{"2015":255,"2016":245,"2017":532,"2018":259,"2019":533,"2020":534,"2021":535,"2022":536,"2023":534,"2024":254,"2025":50},111,106,68,92,89,265,{"2015":539,"2016":241,"2017":168,"2018":51,"2019":349,"2020":260,"2021":244,"2022":298,"2023":114},46,{"2015":541,"2016":523,"2017":524,"2018":290,"2019":542,"2020":522,"2021":523,"2022":57,"2023":39},1.48,0.63,{"id":544,"createTime":545,"updateTime":546,"relativeEntities":547,"slug":548,"properties":549,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":558,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":50,"subjectFields":559,"manageAffiliations":560,"indexDatabases":561,"url":562,"thumbnailPath":563,"statistic":564,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},"6ec01bd0-15c0-469a-86ac-41339076ae0a","2023-08-10T07:08:33.153+00:00","2026-01-31T21:19:06.362+00:00",[],"T%E1%BA%A1p-ch%C3%AD-Da-li%E1%BB%85u-h%E1%BB%8Dc-Vi%E1%BB%87t-Nam",{"country":550,"issn":551,"introduce":553,"title":555},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":552},"18594824",{"VI":554},"{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"Tạp chí “Da liễu học Việt Nam” (Tiếng Anh: Vietnamese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology) thuộc Hội Da liễu Việt Nam, xuất bản 4 số mỗi năm bằng tiếng Việt hoặc tiếng Anh.\\nTạp chí Da liễu học Việt Nam hoạt động với mục đích, tôn chỉ là phổ biến, trao đổi thông tin trong lĩnh vực chuyên ngành da liễu; đăng tải các công trình nghiên cứu khoa học; chuyển giao công nghệ - kinh tế và khoa học kỹ thuật liên quan đến lĩnh vực da liễu.\\nPhạm vi của tạp chí là tất cả các bài báo khoa học, bài tổng quan, giới thiệu ca lâm sàng, … có liên quan tới chuyên ngành da liễu trong và ngoài nước. Tạp chí công bố các công trình nghiên cứu liên quan đến mô hình bệnh tật, các phương pháp chẩn đoán, điều trị, dự phòng và phục hồi chức năng các bệnh thuộc chuyên ngành da liễu. Ngoài ra, tạp chí còn đăng tải các bài tổng quan, cập nhật thông tin, kiến thức, hướng dẫn chẩn đoán, điều trị trong chuyên ngành da liễu trong nước và quốc tế; đăng tải các bài ca lâm sàng đặc biệt trong chuyên ngành da liễu.\\nTạp chí Da liễu học Việt Nam được biết tới là một tạp chí chuyên ngành có uy tín trong lĩnh vực da liễu. Các bài báo về nghiên cứu khoa học đăng trong Tạp chí được bình duyệt một cách nghiêm ngặt bởi ít nhất 2 chuyên gia. Hội đồng biên tập tạp chí bao gồm các nhà khoa học có uy tín (Giáo sư, Phó Giáo sư, Tiến sĩ, Bác sĩ…) trong chuyên ngành da liễu nhằm đảm bảo chất lượng và tính khách quan, khoa học cho các bài viết đăng trên Tạp chí.\\n\"}]}",{"EN":556,"VI":557},"Vietnamese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology","Tạp chí Da liễu học Việt Nam","Admin Import",[],[],[],"https:\u002F\u002Fvjdv.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fvjdv","\u002Fapi\u002Fpublic\u002Ffile\u002Fpublisher\u002F6ec01bd0-15c0-469a-86ac-41339076ae0a\u002F3cbc81720e58429dc7b1c4d7ab1935ca.jpg",{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":565,"i10Index":36,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":566,"totalPublicationByYear":567,"totalCitation":116,"totalCitationByYear":570,"totalCitationPerPublication":109,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":571,"hindexLast5Year":115,"hindex":115},{"2023":38,"2024":230},182,{"2022":568,"2023":45,"2024":569},69,56,{"2022":52,"2023":115},{"2022":40,"2023":229},{"id":573,"createTime":574,"updateTime":575,"relativeEntities":576,"slug":577,"properties":578,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":27,"syncStatus":28,"languages":587,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":283,"subjectFields":588,"manageAffiliations":589,"indexDatabases":647,"url":648,"thumbnailPath":649,"statistic":650,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},"19221551-7519-47ff-a892-331d1139c64b","2023-09-12T07:03:05.744+00:00","2026-01-24T20:54:40.144+00:00",[],"T%E1%BA%A1p-ch%C3%AD-Khoa-h%E1%BB%8Dc-S%E1%BB%A9c-kho%E1%BA%BB-%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i-h%E1%BB%8Dc-Qu%E1%BB%91c-gia-Th%C3%A0nh-ph%E1%BB%91-H%E1%BB%93-Ch%C3%AD-Minh",{"country":579,"issn":580,"introduce":582,"title":584},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":581},"27349446",{"EN":583},"{\"ops\":[{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"1. History\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Science and Technology Development Journal\"},{\"insert\":\" (STDJ) (ISSN 2734-9446), Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) was established in 1997. And the first issue was published in January 1998 with ISSN 1859-0128. Since then, STDJ has become the most important scientific forum of scientists from VNU-HCM as well as other universities. The magazine has undergone 20 years of development and has become a bridge for scientific exchanges, as well as enriching reference materials for the faculty, doctoral students, students of VNU-HCM in particular and other universities, institutes...\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Science and Technology Development Journal - Health Sciences (STDJ-HS) is a subjournal of Science and Technology Development Journal since 2020.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\" \"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"2. Focus and Scope\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Publishing articles with contents on healthcare, research projects in the field of health, advanced directions in health education and management. Therefore, STDJ-HS will accept articles from doctors, administrators, teachers, researchers, graduate students and fellows. The authors will be responsible for the accuracy of the data, opinions, opinions and material cited in the article.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Facilitating the exchange of scientific and technological information and act as a bridge between theory and practice in the community of educators, scientists, managers, policy makers and enterprises in and out of the country.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n\"}]}",{"EN":585,"VI":586},"VNUHCM JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES","Tạp chí Khoa học Sức khoẻ Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh",[101,102],[],[590],{"id":591,"createTime":592,"updateTime":593,"relativeEntities":594,"slug":595,"properties":596,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":606,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":607,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":608,"url":609,"parentIds":610,"statistic":611},"fc4c2560-868c-4677-acb1-8686bef88727","2023-06-26T04:48:23.774+00:00","2026-06-19T01:46:17.248+00:00",[],"%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i-h%E1%BB%8Dc-Qu%E1%BB%91c-gia-Th%C3%A0nh-ph%E1%BB%91-H%E1%BB%93-Ch%C3%AD-Minh",{"country":597,"title":598,"abbreviation":601,"address":603},{"VOID":15},{"EN":599,"VI":600},"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City","Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh",{"VOID":602},"VNUHCM",{"VI":604,"EN":605},"khu phố 6, Phường Linh Trung, Thành phố Thủ Đức, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Việt Nam","Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","2023-08-16T14:13:07.134+00:00",[101,102],45,"https:\u002F\u002Fvnuhcm.edu.vn\u002F",[],{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":612,"i10Index":285,"i10IndexLast5Year":51,"totalPublication":613,"totalPublicationByYear":614,"totalCitation":624,"totalCitationByYear":625,"totalCitationPerPublication":634,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":635,"hindexLast5Year":124,"hindex":124},{"2014":36,"2015":38,"2016":109,"2017":39,"2018":229,"2019":38,"2020":110,"2021":171,"2022":110,"2023":110,"2024":171,"2025":229},3708,{"2005":115,"2006":115,"2007":115,"2008":135,"2009":111,"2010":53,"2011":52,"2012":568,"2013":615,"2014":351,"2015":616,"2016":469,"2017":617,"2018":127,"2019":618,"2020":619,"2021":620,"2022":621,"2023":622,"2024":623,"2025":159,"2026":50},164,266,177,226,603,931,314,246,74,2399,{"2006":115,"2008":50,"2010":162,"2011":242,"2012":222,"2013":43,"2014":626,"2015":627,"2016":628,"2017":629,"2018":258,"2019":630,"2020":631,"2021":632,"2022":633,"2023":353,"2024":115},250,124,157,162,152,385,559,128,0.65,{"2006":115,"2008":636,"2010":637,"2011":638,"2012":639,"2013":522,"2014":640,"2015":641,"2016":642,"2017":643,"2018":644,"2019":642,"2020":645,"2021":292,"2022":646,"2023":522,"2024":38},1.33,0.45,2.22,0.39,1.35,0.47,0.67,0.92,0.73,0.64,0.41,[],"http:\u002F\u002Fstdjhs.scienceandtechnology.com.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fstdjhs","\u002Fapi\u002Fpublic\u002Ffile\u002Fpublisher\u002F19221551-7519-47ff-a892-331d1139c64b\u002F2e10768b7d1e380c36a25ed0c714dd7e.png",{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":651,"i10Index":36,"i10IndexLast5Year":36,"totalPublication":652,"totalPublicationByYear":653,"totalCitation":516,"totalCitationByYear":654,"totalCitationPerPublication":151,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":655,"hindexLast5Year":59,"hindex":59},{"2022":57,"2023":108,"2024":39},79,{"2020":116,"2021":240,"2022":239,"2023":52,"2024":162,"2025":162},{"2020":59,"2021":51,"2022":59},{"2020":443,"2021":387,"2022":54},{"code":657,"data":658,"meta":26},"SUCCESS",{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":662,"slug":663,"properties":664,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":674,"manageAffiliations":715,"indexDatabases":736,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},"17d2c1b0-1d87-4930-af57-5edd45ecb6e8","2023-05-29T11:42:03.109+00:00","2025-11-21T09:57:40.876+00:00",[],"Nature-Reviews-Materials",{"country":665,"issn":667,"introduce":669,"eissn":671,"title":672},{"VOID":666},"GB",{"VOID":668},"20588437",{"EN":670},"Nature Reviews Materials aims to cover the making, measuring, modelling and manufacturing of materials - thus, looking at materials science throughout the pipeline of laboratory discovery to functional device. Reviews and Perspectives are commissioned by the editorial team. Research areas covered in the journal include: Soft matter Biomaterials, bio-inspired and biomedical materials Optical, photonic and optoelectronic materials Magnetic materials Materials for electronics Superconductors Engineered and structural materials (metals, alloys, ceramics, composites) Two-dimensional materials Surfaces and thin films Devices Catalytic and separation materials Energy materials Materials for sustainable development Nanotechnology Modelling, simulation and materials theory Synthesis, processing and characterization techniques Manufacturing of materials.",{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},"Nature Reviews Materials",[675,683,691,699,707],{"id":676,"createTime":677,"updateTime":678,"relativeEntities":679,"label":680,"description":682,"parentId":26,"standard":26,"scholarHubFieldId":26},"a1f4c075-033e-46d2-a7e2-c79725546e6e","2023-05-29T10:24:12.984+00:00","2023-11-21T06:17:26.476+00:00",[],{"EN":681},"Energy (miscellaneous)",{},{"id":684,"createTime":685,"updateTime":686,"relativeEntities":687,"label":688,"description":690,"parentId":26,"standard":26,"scholarHubFieldId":26},"fa7cc0d7-835f-4e75-8db2-b781f243f317","2023-05-29T10:24:01.484+00:00","2023-11-21T08:11:28.193+00:00",[],{"EN":689},"Biomaterials",{},{"id":692,"createTime":693,"updateTime":694,"relativeEntities":695,"label":696,"description":698,"parentId":26,"standard":26,"scholarHubFieldId":26},"1651061d-c437-4d12-b5e5-0e01f9ece55f","2023-05-29T10:24:01.993+00:00","2023-11-21T07:43:06.980+00:00",[],{"EN":697},"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials",{},{"id":700,"createTime":701,"updateTime":702,"relativeEntities":703,"label":704,"description":706,"parentId":26,"standard":26,"scholarHubFieldId":26},"cf3aa2e4-1bc6-404f-a558-6e04a0efe9bb","2023-05-29T10:24:02.025+00:00","2023-11-21T07:43:06.997+00:00",[],{"EN":705},"Surfaces, Coatings and Films",{},{"id":708,"createTime":709,"updateTime":710,"relativeEntities":711,"label":712,"description":714,"parentId":26,"standard":26,"scholarHubFieldId":26},"6acbc138-1d56-4a46-816c-510ff86f48d7","2023-05-29T10:24:04.518+00:00","2023-11-21T07:51:33.337+00:00",[],{"EN":713},"Materials Chemistry",{},[716,726],{"id":717,"createTime":718,"updateTime":719,"relativeEntities":720,"slug":721,"properties":722,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"url":26,"parentIds":725,"statistic":26},"b134a19f-d595-49fa-bd59-70d90fa3a3b3","2023-05-29T12:35:12.827+00:00","2024-02-20T05:01:33.021+00:00",[],"NATURE-PORTFOLIO",{"title":723},{"EN":724},"NATURE PORTFOLIO",[],{"id":727,"createTime":728,"updateTime":729,"relativeEntities":730,"slug":731,"properties":732,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":135,"url":26,"parentIds":735,"statistic":26},"ae54b068-a7dd-4746-b752-b7b24439de47","2023-05-29T10:24:12.391+00:00","2025-11-21T09:53:50.486+00:00",[],"Nature-Publishing-Group",{"title":733},{"EN":734},"Nature Publishing Group",[],[737,760],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":739,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":753,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},"224f47d8-5798-4c48-ad84-7a8c811eeb6f",{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":743,"label":744,"description":746,"key":748,"publicationTags":749,"standard":26},"3c7051d4-eb7d-4c57-a56b-36fc74c5d1e9","2023-05-22T09:57:18.509+00:00","2025-11-21T10:07:52.274+00:00",[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},"Scopus - Elsevier",{"EN":745,"VI":747},"Cơ sở dữ liệu Scopus thuộc Elsevier","scopus",[750],"SCOPUS","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scopus.com\u002Fsourceid\u002F21100812243","2016-2025",[754,755,756,757,758],"d16634fe-785a-40dd-922e-b8be2c1800c5","0e6bd987-5c67-4e9a-8af2-07c289f5e45c","1ecff757-a023-4b19-bdfb-1a30a5bece6b","f3399187-2254-4bdb-a5e1-4d03acd0e1f6","570c01f4-de10-4d9b-b20a-a406753e4d65","SCOPUS__Q1",{"id":761,"indexDatabase":762,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":777,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},"d79f7779-2141-487e-9ff0-ae2760db4f9f",{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":766,"label":767,"description":769,"key":772,"publicationTags":773,"standard":26},"a4921856-b128-4d9f-8f1f-e80813d3bbd4","2023-05-22T09:59:31.026+00:00","2025-11-21T10:07:52.153+00:00",[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},"ISI\u002FSCIE - Science Citation Index Expanded",{"VI":770,"EN":771},"Cơ sở dữ liệu SCIE","SCIE database","scie",[774,775],"SCIE","ISI","https:\u002F\u002Fmjl.clarivate.com\u002Fsearch-results?issn=2058-8437",[778,779],"0db73426-2364-455f-81a4-efe0f91d712e","884e2057-a88e-448b-b35b-6fd5f2133797","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Fnatrevmats\u002F",{"meta":782,"data":784},{"total":783},"38",[785,1610,2631,3624,4290,5305,6354,6977,7820,8674],{"id":786,"createTime":787,"updateTime":787,"relativeEntities":788,"slug":789,"properties":790,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":787,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":803,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":804,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":805,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":862,"citationCount":892,"citationInfo":893,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":902,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"c576a7f7-cdd5-477c-92d0-7e98d867f4a4","2024-10-02T18:38:42.374+00:00",[],"2D-metal-carbides-and-nitrides-MXenes-for-energy-storage",{"mag":791,"keywords":793,"openalex":794,"abstract":796,"title":797,"doi":799},{"VOID":792},"2574394697",{},{"VOID":795},"W2574394697",{},{"EN":798},"2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage",{"VOID":800},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2016.98","PUBLICATION","Auto Verify",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats201698",[806,827,844],{"id":807,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":808,"affiliations":809,"properties":820},"361d9a2c-3600-4b85-a563-55297b4ae2ff",[],[810],{"id":811,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":812,"properties":26},"5cee81e8-0fa3-4edc-b45f-75ff1a5db4b4",{"id":813,"createTime":814,"updateTime":814,"relativeEntities":815,"slug":816,"properties":817,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"aca44296-93a8-4249-bbae-3d88cc2ba6da","2024-10-02T18:38:42.392+00:00",[],"A-J-Drexel-Nanomaterials-Institute-and-Department-of-Materials-Science-and-Engineering-Drexel-University-Philadelphia-19104-Pennsylvania-USA",{"title":818},{"EN":819},"A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA",{"openalex":821,"orcid":823,"title":825},{"VOID":822},"A5034504555",{"VOID":824},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1955-253X",{"EN":826},"Babak Anasori",{"id":828,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":829,"affiliations":830,"properties":837},"47f037c8-d4e3-4b29-8b03-fd5a91caa33e",[],[831],{"id":832,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":833,"properties":26},"084f1831-3277-4dd9-9032-17f3546fff93",{"id":813,"createTime":814,"updateTime":814,"relativeEntities":834,"slug":816,"properties":835,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":836},{"EN":819},{"openalex":838,"orcid":840,"title":842},{"VOID":839},"A5048856270",{"VOID":841},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-2794-4322",{"EN":843},"Maria R. Lukatskaya",{"id":845,"sortIndex":114,"researcher":26,"roles":846,"affiliations":847,"properties":854},"147ddb4d-fb39-4005-b1f0-2d69d0781055",[],[848],{"id":849,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":850,"properties":26},"b24e44e5-e6ad-4dc4-9f72-a5f63ef40ad9",{"id":813,"createTime":814,"updateTime":814,"relativeEntities":851,"slug":816,"properties":852,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":853},{"EN":819},{"openalex":855,"orcid":857,"title":859},{"VOID":856},"A5035467559",{"VOID":858},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9423-4032",{"EN":860},"Yury Gogotsi","ARTICLE",{"url":26,"publisher":863,"properties":888},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":864,"slug":663,"properties":865,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":871,"manageAffiliations":872,"indexDatabases":873,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":866,"issn":867,"introduce":868,"eissn":869,"title":870},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[874,881],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":875,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":880,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":876,"label":877,"description":878,"key":772,"publicationTags":879,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":882,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":887,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":883,"label":884,"description":885,"key":748,"publicationTags":886,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":889,"issue":891},{"VOID":890},"2",{"VOID":890},5902,{"total":892,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":894},{"2017":126,"2018":895,"2019":896,"2020":897,"2021":898,"2022":899,"2023":900,"2024":901},447,666,908,996,1056,1009,694,[903,907,911,915,919,923,927,931,935,939,943,947,951,955,959,963,967,971,975,979,983,987,991,995,999,1003,1007,1011,1015,1019,1023,1027,1031,1035,1039,1043,1047,1051,1055,1059,1063,1067,1071,1075,1079,1083,1087,1091,1095,1099,1103,1107,1111,1115,1119,1123,1127,1131,1135,1139,1143,1147,1151,1155,1159,1163,1167,1171,1175,1179,1183,1187,1191,1195,1199,1203,1207,1211,1215,1219,1223,1227,1231,1235,1239,1243,1247,1251,1255,1259,1263,1267,1271,1275,1279,1283,1287,1291,1295,1299,1303,1307,1311,1315,1318,1322,1326,1330,1334,1338,1342,1346,1350,1354,1358,1362,1366,1370,1374,1378,1382,1386,1390,1394,1398,1402,1406,1410,1414,1418,1422,1426,1430,1434,1438,1442,1446,1450,1454,1458,1462,1466,1470,1474,1478,1482,1486,1490,1494,1498,1502,1506,1510,1514,1518,1522,1526,1530,1534,1538,1542,1546,1550,1554,1558,1562,1566,1570,1574,1578,1582,1586,1590,1594,1598,1602,1605],{"id":26,"text":904,"url":26,"identifiers":905},"Nicolosi, V., Chhowalla, M., Kanatzidis, M. G., Strano, M. S. & Coleman, J. N. Liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 340, 1226419 (2013).",{"doi":906},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1226419",{"id":26,"text":908,"url":26,"identifiers":909},"Fiori, G. et al. Electronics based on two-dimensional materials. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 768–779 (2014).",{"doi":910},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.207",{"id":26,"text":912,"url":26,"identifiers":913},"Xia, F., Wang, H., Xiao, D., Dubey, M. & Ramasubramaniam, A. Two-dimensional material nanophotonics. Nat. Photonics 8, 899–907 (2014).",{"doi":914},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2014.271",{"id":26,"text":916,"url":26,"identifiers":917},"Koppens, F. et al. Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 780–793 (2014).",{"doi":918},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.215",{"id":26,"text":920,"url":26,"identifiers":921},"Akinwande, D., Petrone, N. & Hone, J. Two-dimensional flexible nanoelectronics. Nat. Commun. 5, 5678 (2014).",{"doi":922},"10.1038\u002Fncomms6678",{"id":26,"text":924,"url":26,"identifiers":925},"Cepellotti, A. et al. Phonon hydrodynamics in two-dimensional materials. Nat. Commun. 6, 6400 (2015).",{"doi":926},"10.1038\u002Fncomms7400",{"id":26,"text":928,"url":26,"identifiers":929},"Geim, A. & Grigorieva, I. Van der Waals heterostructures. Nature 499, 419–425 (2013).",{"doi":930},"10.1038\u002Fnature12385",{"id":26,"text":932,"url":26,"identifiers":933},"Lalmi, B. et al. Epitaxial growth of a silicene sheet. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 223109 (2010).",{"doi":934},"10.1063\u002F1.3524215",{"id":26,"text":936,"url":26,"identifiers":937},"Cahangirov, S., Topsakal, M., Aktürk, E., S¸ahin, H. & Ciraci, S. Two-and one-dimensional honeycomb structures of silicon and germanium. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 236804 (2009).",{"doi":938},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.102.236804",{"id":26,"text":940,"url":26,"identifiers":941},"Dávila, M., Xian, L., Cahangirov, S., Rubio, A. & Le Lay, G. Germanene: a novel two-dimensional germanium allotrope akin to graphene and silicene. New J. Phys. 16, 095002 (2014).",{"doi":942},"10.1088\u002F1367-2630\u002F16\u002F9\u002F095002",{"id":26,"text":944,"url":26,"identifiers":945},"Liu, H. et al. Phosphorene: an unexplored 2D semiconductor with a high hole mobility. ACS Nano 8, 4033–4041 (2014).",{"doi":946},"10.1021\u002Fnn501226z",{"id":26,"text":948,"url":26,"identifiers":949},"Li, L. et al. Black phosphorus field-effect transistors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 372–377 (2014).",{"doi":950},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.35",{"id":26,"text":952,"url":26,"identifiers":953},"Ataca, C., S¸ ahin, H. & Ciraci, S. Stable, single-layer MX2 transition-metal oxides and dichalcogenides in a honeycomb-like structure. J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 8983–8999 (2012).",{"doi":954},"10.1021\u002Fjp212558p",{"id":26,"text":956,"url":26,"identifiers":957},"Osada, M. & Sasaki, T. Two-dimensional dielectric nanosheets: novel nanoelectronics from nanocrystal building blocks. Adv. Mater. 24, 210–228 (2012).",{"doi":958},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201103241",{"id":26,"text":960,"url":26,"identifiers":961},"Naguib, M. et al. Two-dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 . Adv. Mater. 23, 4248–4253 (2011). This article reports the discovery of Ti3C2Tx MXene.",{"doi":962},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201102306",{"id":26,"text":964,"url":26,"identifiers":965},"Naguib, M. et al. Two-dimensional transition metal carbides. ACS Nano 6, 1322–1331 (2012). This article reports the discovery of different MXenes, creating a family of 2D materials.",{"doi":966},"10.1021\u002Fnn204153h",{"id":26,"text":968,"url":26,"identifiers":969},"Naguib, M. et al. New two-dimensional niobium and vanadium carbides as promising materials for Li-ion batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 15966–15969 (2013).",{"doi":970},"10.1021\u002Fja405735d",{"id":26,"text":972,"url":26,"identifiers":973},"Khazaei, M. et al. Novel electronic and magnetic properties of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 2185–2192 (2013). The first computational study on electronic and magnetic properties of all the M2C MXenes.",{"doi":974},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201202502",{"id":26,"text":976,"url":26,"identifiers":977},"Ghidiu, M. et al. Synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional Nb4C3 (MXene). Chem. Commun. 50, 9517–9520 (2014).",{"doi":978},"10.1039\u002FC4CC03366C",{"id":26,"text":980,"url":26,"identifiers":981},"Anasori, B. et al. Two-dimensional, ordered, double transition metals carbides (MXenes). ACS Nano 9, 9507–9516 (2015). This study expanded the family MXenes by introducing ordered double transition metal MXenes.",{"doi":982},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b03591",{"id":26,"text":984,"url":26,"identifiers":985},"Gogotsi, Y. Chemical vapour deposition: transition metal carbides go 2D. Nat. Mater. 14, 1079–1080 (2015).",{"doi":986},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4386",{"id":26,"text":988,"url":26,"identifiers":989},"Naguib, M., Mochalin, V. N., Barsoum, M. W. & Gogotsi, Y. MXenes: a new family of two-dimensional materials. Adv. Mater. 26, 992–1004 (2014).",{"doi":990},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201304138",{"id":26,"text":992,"url":26,"identifiers":993},"Kurtoglu, M., Naguib, M., Gogotsi, Y. & Barsoum, M. W. First principles study of two-dimensional early transition metal carbides. MRS Commun. 2, 133–137 (2012).",{"doi":994},"10.1557\u002Fmrc.2012.25",{"id":26,"text":996,"url":26,"identifiers":997},"Khazaei, M., Arai, M., Sasaki, T., Estili, M. & Sakka, Y. Two-dimensional molybdenum carbides: potential thermoelectric materials of the MXene family. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 7841–7849 (2014).",{"doi":998},"10.1039\u002FC4CP00467A",{"id":26,"text":1000,"url":26,"identifiers":1001},"Urbankowski, P. et al. Synthesis of two-dimensional titanium nitride Ti4N3 (MXene). Nanoscale 8, 11385–11391 (2016). The first experimental report on the synthesis of a nitride MXene by etching in molten salts.",{"doi":1002},"10.1039\u002FC6NR02253G",{"id":26,"text":1004,"url":26,"identifiers":1005},"Ivanovskii, A. L. & Enyashin, A. N. Graphene-like transition-metal nanocarbides and nanonitrides. Russ. Chem. Rev. 82, 735–746 (2013).",{"doi":1006},"10.1070\u002FRC2013v082n08ABEH004398",{"id":26,"text":1008,"url":26,"identifiers":1009},"Shein, I. R. & Ivanovskii, A. L. Graphene-like titanium carbides and nitrides Tin +1Cn, Tin + 1Nn (n = 1, 2, and 3) from de-intercalated MAX phases: first-principles probing of their structural, electronic properties and relative stability. Comput. Mater. Sci. 65, 104–114 (2012).",{"doi":1010},"10.1016\u002Fj.commatsci.2012.07.011",{"id":26,"text":1012,"url":26,"identifiers":1013},"Xie, Y. & Kent, P. Hybrid density functional study of structural and electronic properties of functionalized Tin +1Xn (X = C, N) monolayers. Phys. Rev. B 87, 235441 (2013).",{"doi":1014},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.235441",{"id":26,"text":1016,"url":26,"identifiers":1017},"Gao, G. et al. Monolayer MXenes: promising half-metals and spin gapless semiconductors. Nanoscale 8, 8986–8994 (2016).",{"doi":1018},"10.1039\u002FC6NR01333C",{"id":26,"text":1020,"url":26,"identifiers":1021},"Khazaei, M. et al. Nearly free electron states in MXenes. Phys. Rev. B 93, 205125 (2016).",{"doi":1022},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.93.205125",{"id":26,"text":1024,"url":26,"identifiers":1025},"Barsoum, M. W. MAX Phases: Properties of Machinable Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (Wiley, 2013).",{"doi":1026},"10.1002\u002F9783527654581",{"id":26,"text":1028,"url":26,"identifiers":1029},"Barsoum, M. W. & Radovic, M. Elastic and mechanical properties of the MAX phases. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 41, 195–227 (2011).",{"doi":1030},"10.1146\u002Fannurev-matsci-062910-100448",{"id":26,"text":1032,"url":26,"identifiers":1033},"Eklund, P., Beckers, M., Jansson, U., Högberg, H. & Hultman, L. The Mn +1AXn phases: materials science and thin-film processing. Thin Solid Films 518, 1851–1878 (2010).",{"doi":1034},"10.1016\u002Fj.tsf.2009.07.184",{"id":26,"text":1036,"url":26,"identifiers":1037},"Anasori, B. et al. Experimental and theoretical characterization of ordered MAX phases Mo2TiAlC2 and Mo2Ti2AlC3 . J. Appl. Phys. 118, 094304 (2015).",{"doi":1038},"10.1063\u002F1.4929640",{"id":26,"text":1040,"url":26,"identifiers":1041},"Ghidiu, M., Lukatskaya, M. R., Zhao, M.-Q., Gogotsi, Y. & Barsoum, M. W. Conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide ‘clay’ with high volumetric capacitance. Nature 516, 78–81 (2014). This study showed a new method for MXene synthesis and demonstrated clay-like behaviour of MXene produced by etching in HCl–LiF and its high volumetric capacitance.",{"doi":1042},"10.1038\u002Fnature13970",{"id":26,"text":1044,"url":26,"identifiers":1045},"Halim, J. et al. Transparent conductive two-dimensional titanium carbide epitaxial thin films. Chem. Mater. 26, 2374–2381 (2014).",{"doi":1046},"10.1021\u002Fcm500641a",{"id":26,"text":1048,"url":26,"identifiers":1049},"Karlsson, L. H., Birch, J., Halim, J., Barsoum, M. W. & Persson, P. O. Atomically resolved structural and chemical investigation of single MXene sheets. Nano Lett. 15, 4955–4960 (2015).",{"doi":1050},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b00737",{"id":26,"text":1052,"url":26,"identifiers":1053},"Wang, L. et al. Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Ti3C2Tx with hydrothermal process. Electron. Mater. Lett. 12, 702–710 (2016).",{"doi":1054},"10.1007\u002Fs13391-016-6088-z",{"id":26,"text":1056,"url":26,"identifiers":1057},"Meshkian, R. et al. Synthesis of two-dimensional molybdenum carbide, Mo2C, from the gallium based atomic laminate Mo2Ga2C. Scripta Mater. 108, 147–150 (2015).",{"doi":1058},"10.1016\u002Fj.scriptamat.2015.07.003",{"id":26,"text":1060,"url":26,"identifiers":1061},"Halim, J. et al. Synthesis and characterization of 2D molybdenum carbide (MXene). Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 3118–3127 (2016).",{"doi":1062},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201505328",{"id":26,"text":1064,"url":26,"identifiers":1065},"Zhou, J. et al. A two-dimensional zirconium carbide by selective etching of Al3C3 from nanolaminated Zr3Al3C5 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 128, 5092–5097 (2016).",{"doi":1066},"10.1002\u002Fange.201510432",{"id":26,"text":1068,"url":26,"identifiers":1069},"Lin, Z., He, L., Li, M., Wang, J. & Zhou, Y. Layered stacking characteristics of ternary zirconium aluminum carbides. J. Mater. Res. 22, 3058–3066 (2007).",{"doi":1070},"10.1557\u002FJMR.2007.0409",{"id":26,"text":1072,"url":26,"identifiers":1073},"Wang, J., Zhou, Y., Liao, T. & Lin, Z. Trend in crystal structure of layered ternary T-Al-C carbides (T = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, W, and Ta). J. Mater. Res. 22, 2685–2690 (2007).",{"doi":1074},"10.1557\u002FJMR.2007.0366",{"id":26,"text":1076,"url":26,"identifiers":1077},"Gesing, T. M. & Jeitschko, W. The crystal structures of Zr3Al3C5, ScAl3C3, and UAl3C3 and their relation to the structures of U2Al3C4 and Al4C3 . J. Solid State Chem. 140, 396–401 (1998).",{"doi":1078},"10.1006\u002Fjssc.1998.7907",{"id":26,"text":1080,"url":26,"identifiers":1081},"Xie, J. et al. Atomically-thin molybdenum nitride nanosheets with exposed active surface sites for efficient hydrogen evolution. Chem. Sci. 5, 4615–4620 (2014).",{"doi":1082},"10.1039\u002FC4SC02019G",{"id":26,"text":1084,"url":26,"identifiers":1085},"Hoffman, E. N., Yushin, G., El-Raghy, T., Gogotsi, Y. & Barsoum, M. W. Micro and mesoporosity of carbon derived from ternary and binary metal carbides. Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 112, 526–532 (2008).",{"doi":1086},"10.1016\u002Fj.micromeso.2007.10.033",{"id":26,"text":1088,"url":26,"identifiers":1089},"Presser, V., Heon, M. & Gogotsi, Y. Carbide-derived carbons–from porous networks to nanotubes and graphene. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 810–833 (2011).",{"doi":1090},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201002094",{"id":26,"text":1092,"url":26,"identifiers":1093},"Barsoum, M. et al. The topotactic transformation of Ti3SiC2 into a partially ordered cubic Ti(C0.67Si0.06) phase by the diffusion of Si into molten cryolite. J. Electrochem. Soc. 146, 3919–3923 (1999).",{"doi":1094},"10.1149\u002F1.1392573",{"id":26,"text":1096,"url":26,"identifiers":1097},"El-Raghy, T., Barsoum, M. & Sika, M. Reaction of Al with Ti3SiC2 in the 800–1000ºC temperature range. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 298, 174–178 (2001).",{"doi":1098},"10.1016\u002FS0921-5093(00)01281-8",{"id":26,"text":1100,"url":26,"identifiers":1101},"Barsoum, M., Golczewski, J., Seifert, H. & Aldinger, F. Fabrication and electrical and thermal properties of Ti2InC, Hf2InC and (Ti, Hf)2InC. J. Alloys Compd. 340, 173–179 (2002).",{"doi":1102},"10.1016\u002FS0925-8388(02)00107-X",{"id":26,"text":1104,"url":26,"identifiers":1105},"Naguib, M. et al. On the topotactic transformation of Ti2AlC into a Ti–C–O–F cubic phase by heating in molten lithium fluoride in air. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94, 4556–4561 (2011).",{"doi":1106},"10.1111\u002Fj.1551-2916.2011.04896.x",{"id":26,"text":1108,"url":26,"identifiers":1109},"Gusev, A. & Rempel, A. in Materials Science of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides (eds Gogotsi, Y. & Andrievski, R. A. ) 47–64 (Springer, 1999).",{"doi":1110},"10.1007\u002F978-94-011-4562-6_4",{"id":26,"text":1112,"url":26,"identifiers":1113},"Xu, C. et al. Large-area high-quality 2D ultrathin Mo2C superconducting crystals. Nat. Mater. 14, 1135–1141 (2015).",{"doi":1114},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4374",{"id":26,"text":1116,"url":26,"identifiers":1117},"Mashtalir, O., Naguib, M., Dyatkin, B., Gogotsi, Y. & Barsoum, M. W. Kinetics of aluminum extraction from Ti3AlC2 in hydrofluoric acid. Mater. Chem. Phys. 139, 147–152 (2013).",{"doi":1118},"10.1016\u002Fj.matchemphys.2013.01.008",{"id":26,"text":1120,"url":26,"identifiers":1121},"Cambaz, G. Z., Yushin, G. N., Gogotsi, Y. & Lutsenko, V. G. Anisotropic etching of SiC whiskers. Nano Lett. 6, 548–551 (2006).",{"doi":1122},"10.1021\u002Fnl051858v",{"id":26,"text":1124,"url":26,"identifiers":1125},"Anasori, B. et al. Control of electronic properties of 2D carbides (MXenes) by manipulating their transition metal layers. Nanoscale Horiz. 1, 227–234 (2016).",{"doi":1126},"10.1039\u002FC5NH00125K",{"id":26,"text":1128,"url":26,"identifiers":1129},"Seh, Z. W. et al. Two-dimensional molybdenum carbide (MXene) as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. ACS Energy Lett. 1, 589–594 (2016).",{"doi":1130},"10.1021\u002Facsenergylett.6b00247",{"id":26,"text":1132,"url":26,"identifiers":1133},"Ghidiu, M. et al. Ion-exchange and cation solvation reactions in Ti3C2 MXene. Chem. Mater. 28, 3507–3514 (2016).",{"doi":1134},"10.1021\u002Facs.chemmater.6b01275",{"id":26,"text":1136,"url":26,"identifiers":1137},"Lipatov, A. et al. Effect of synthesis on quality, electronic properties and environmental stability of individual monolayer Ti3C2 MXene flakes. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2, 1600255 (2016).",{"doi":1138},"10.1002\u002Faelm.201600255",{"id":26,"text":1140,"url":26,"identifiers":1141},"Hu, T. et al. Interlayer coupling in two-dimensional titanium carbide MXenes. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 20256–20260 (2016).",{"doi":1142},"10.1039\u002FC6CP01699E",{"id":26,"text":1144,"url":26,"identifiers":1145},"Xu, J., Shim, J., Park, J.-H. & Lee, S. MXene electrode for the integration of WSe2 and MoS2 field effect transistors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 5328–5334 (2016).",{"doi":1146},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201600771",{"id":26,"text":1148,"url":26,"identifiers":1149},"Lai, S. et al. Surface group modification and carrier transport property of layered transition metal carbides (Ti2CTx, T: –OH, –F and –O). Nanoscale 7, 19390–19396 (2015).",{"doi":1150},"10.1039\u002FC5NR06513E",{"id":26,"text":1152,"url":26,"identifiers":1153},"Mashtalir, O. et al. Intercalation and delamination of layered carbides and carbonitrides. Nat. Commun. 4, 1716 (2013). The first report on the intercalation of ions and polar organic molecules between MXene layers and the delamination of MXenes to make stable colloidal solutions.",{"doi":1154},"10.1038\u002Fncomms2664",{"id":26,"text":1156,"url":26,"identifiers":1157},"Mashtalir, O., Lukatskaya, M. R., Zhao, M. Q., Barsoum, M. W. & Gogotsi, Y. Amine-assisted delamination of Nb2C MXene for Li-Ion energy storage devices. Adv. Mater. 27, 3501–3506 (2015).",{"doi":1158},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201500604",{"id":26,"text":1160,"url":26,"identifiers":1161},"Naguib, M., Unocic, R. R., Armstrong, B. L. & Nanda, J. Large-scale delamination of multi-layers transition metal carbides and carbonitrides “MXenes”. Dalton Trans. 44, 9353–9358 (2015).",{"doi":1162},"10.1039\u002FC5DT01247C",{"id":26,"text":1164,"url":26,"identifiers":1165},"Osti, N. C. et al. Effect of metal ion intercalation on the structure of MXene and water dynamics on its internal surfaces. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 8859–8863 (2016).",{"doi":1166},"10.1021\u002Facsami.6b01490",{"id":26,"text":1168,"url":26,"identifiers":1169},"Sang, X. et al. Atomic defects in monolayer titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene. ACS Nano 10, 9193–9200 (2016).",{"doi":1170},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.6b05240",{"id":26,"text":1172,"url":26,"identifiers":1173},"Shahzad, F. et al. Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes) Science 353, 1137–1140 (2016).",{"doi":1174},"10.1126\u002Fscience.aag2421",{"id":26,"text":1176,"url":26,"identifiers":1177},"Xie, X. et al. Porous heterostructured MXene\u002Fcarbon nanotube composite paper with high volumetric capacity for sodium-based energy storage devices. Nano Energy 26, 513–523 (2016).",{"doi":1178},"10.1016\u002Fj.nanoen.2016.06.005",{"id":26,"text":1180,"url":26,"identifiers":1181},"Shein, I. R. & Ivanovskii, A. L. Planar nano-block structures Tin +1Al0.5Cn and Tin +1Cn (n = 1, and 2) from MAX phases: structural, electronic properties and relative stability from first principles calculations. Superlattices Microstruct. 52, 147–157 (2012).",{"doi":1182},"10.1016\u002Fj.spmi.2012.04.014",{"id":26,"text":1184,"url":26,"identifiers":1185},"Xie, Y. et al. Role of surface structure on Li-ion energy storage capacity of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 6385–6394 (2014).",{"doi":1186},"10.1021\u002Fja501520b",{"id":26,"text":1188,"url":26,"identifiers":1189},"Yu, Y.-X. Prediction of mobility, enhanced storage capacity, and volume change during sodiation on interlayer-expanded functionalized Ti3C2 MXene anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 5288–5296 (2016).",{"doi":1190},"10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.5b10366",{"id":26,"text":1192,"url":26,"identifiers":1193},"Ji, X. et al. Probing the electrochemical capacitance of MXene nanosheets for high-performance pseudocapacitors. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 4460–4467 (2016).",{"doi":1194},"10.1039\u002FC5CP07311A",{"id":26,"text":1196,"url":26,"identifiers":1197},"Zhang, X., Ma, Z., Zhao, X., Tang, Q. & Zhou, Z. Computational studies on structural and electronic properties of functionalized MXene monolayers and nanotubes. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 4960–4966 (2015).",{"doi":1198},"10.1039\u002FC4TA06557C",{"id":26,"text":1200,"url":26,"identifiers":1201},"Wu, F. et al. Theoretical understanding of magnetic and electronic structures of Ti3C2 monolayer and its derivatives. Solid State Commun. 222, 9–13 (2015).",{"doi":1202},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssc.2015.08.023",{"id":26,"text":1204,"url":26,"identifiers":1205},"Tang, Q., Zhou, Z. & Shen, P. Are MXenes promising anode materials for Li ion batteries? Computational studies on electronic properties and Li storage capability of Ti3C2 and Ti3C2X2 (X = F, OH) monolayer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 16909–16916 (2012).",{"doi":1206},"10.1021\u002Fja308463r",{"id":26,"text":1208,"url":26,"identifiers":1209},"Li, X., Dai, Y., Ma, Y., Liu, Q. & Huang, B. Intriguing electronic properties of two-dimensional MoS2\u002FTM2CO2(TM = Ti, Zr, or Hf) hetero-bilayers: type-II semiconductors with tunable band gaps. Nanotechnology 26, 135703 (2015).",{"doi":1210},"10.1088\u002F0957-4484\u002F26\u002F13\u002F135703",{"id":26,"text":1212,"url":26,"identifiers":1213},"Hu, J., Xu, B., Ouyang, C. Y., Zhang, Y. & Yang, S. Investigations on Nb2C monolayer as promising anode material for Li or non-Li ion batteries from first-principles calculations. RSC Adv. 6, 27467–27474 (2016).",{"doi":1214},"10.1039\u002FC5RA25028E",{"id":26,"text":1216,"url":26,"identifiers":1217},"Gandi, A. N., Alshareef, H. N. & Schwingenschlö gl, U. Thermoelectric performance of the MXenes M2CO2(M = Ti, Zr, or Hf). Chem. Mater. 28, 1647–1652 (2016).",{"doi":1218},"10.1021\u002Facs.chemmater.5b04257",{"id":26,"text":1220,"url":26,"identifiers":1221},"Gan, L.-Y., Zhao, Y.-J., Huang, D. & Schwingenschlögl, U. First-principles analysis of MoS2\u002FTi2C and MoS2\u002FTi2CY2 (Y = F and OH) all-2D semiconductor\u002Fmetal contacts. Phys. Rev. B 87, 245307 (2013).",{"doi":1222},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.245307",{"id":26,"text":1224,"url":26,"identifiers":1225},"Eames, C. & Islam, M. S. Ion intercalation into two-dimensional transition-metal carbides: global screening for new high-capacity battery materials. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 16270–16276 (2014). A comprehensive computational study of MXenes for different cation battery applications.",{"doi":1226},"10.1021\u002Fja508154e",{"id":26,"text":1228,"url":26,"identifiers":1229},"Berdiyorov, G. R., Madjet, M. E. & Mahmoud, K. A. Ionic sieving through Ti3C2(OH)2 MXene: first-principles calculations. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 113110 (2016).",{"doi":1230},"10.1063\u002F1.4944393",{"id":26,"text":1232,"url":26,"identifiers":1233},"Ashton, M., Hennig, R. G. & Sinnott, S. B. Computational characterization of lightweight multilayer MXene Li-ion battery anodes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 023901 (2016).",{"doi":1234},"10.1063\u002F1.4939745",{"id":26,"text":1236,"url":26,"identifiers":1237},"Ashton, M., Mathew, K., Hennig, R. G. & Sinnott, S. B. Predicted surface composition and thermodynamic stability of MXenes in solution. J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 3550–3556 (2016).",{"doi":1238},"10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.5b11887",{"id":26,"text":1240,"url":26,"identifiers":1241},"Yu, X.-f. et al. Monolayer Ti2CO2: a promising candidate for NH3 sensor or capturer with high sensitivity and selectivity. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 13707–13713 (2015).",{"doi":1242},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b03737",{"id":26,"text":1244,"url":26,"identifiers":1245},"Wang, X. et al. Atomic-scale recognition of surface structure and intercalation mechanism of Ti3C2X. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 2715–2721 (2015).",{"doi":1246},"10.1021\u002Fja512820k",{"id":26,"text":1248,"url":26,"identifiers":1249},"Wang, H.-W., Naguib, M., Page, K., Wesolowski, D. J. & Gogotsi, Y. Resolving the structure of Ti3C2Tx MXenes through multi-level structural modeling of the atomic pair distribution function. Chem. Mater. 28, 349–359 (2015).",{"doi":1250},"10.1021\u002Facs.chemmater.5b04250",{"id":26,"text":1252,"url":26,"identifiers":1253},"Halim, J. et al. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy of select multi-layered transition metal carbides (MXenes). Appl. Surf. Sci. 362, 406–417 (2016).",{"doi":1254},"10.1016\u002Fj.apsusc.2015.11.089",{"id":26,"text":1256,"url":26,"identifiers":1257},"Enyashin, A. & Ivanovskii, A. Atomic structure, comparative stability and electronic properties of hydroxylated Ti2C and Ti3C2 nanotubes. Comp. Theor. Chem. 989, 27–32 (2012).",{"doi":1258},"10.1016\u002Fj.comptc.2012.02.034",{"id":26,"text":1260,"url":26,"identifiers":1261},"Magne, D., Mauchamp, V., Célérier, S., Chartier, P. & Cabioc'h, T. Spectroscopic evidence in the visible-ultraviolet energy range of surface functionalization sites in the multilayerTi3C2 MXene. Phys. Rev. B 91, 201409 (2015).",{"doi":1262},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.91.201409",{"id":26,"text":1264,"url":26,"identifiers":1265},"Li, L. Lattice dynamics and electronic structures of Ti3C2O2 and Mo2TiC2O2 (MXenes): the effect of Mo substitution. Comput. Mater. Sci. 124, 8–14 (2016).",{"doi":1266},"10.1016\u002Fj.commatsci.2016.07.008",{"id":26,"text":1268,"url":26,"identifiers":1269},"Khazaei, M., Ranjbar, A., Arai, M. & Yunoki, S. Topological insulators in ordered double transition metals M′2M′′C2 (M′ = Mo, W; M′′ = Ti, Zr, Hf) MXenes. Phys. Rev. B 94, 125152 (2016).",{"doi":1270},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.94.125152",{"id":26,"text":1272,"url":26,"identifiers":1273},"Harris, K. J., Bugnet, M., Naguib, M., Barsoum, M. W. & Goward, G. R. Direct measurement of surface termination groups and their connectivity in the 2D MXene V2CTx using NMR spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 13713–13720 (2015).",{"doi":1274},"10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.5b03038",{"id":26,"text":1276,"url":26,"identifiers":1277},"Hope, M. A. et al. NMR reveals the surface functionalisation of Ti3C2 MXene. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 5099–5102 (2016).",{"doi":1278},"10.1039\u002FC6CP00330C",{"id":26,"text":1280,"url":26,"identifiers":1281},"Mashtalir, O. et al. The effect of hydrazine intercalation on structure and capacitance of 2D titanium carbide (MXene). Nanoscale 8, 9128–9133 (2016).",{"doi":1282},"10.1039\u002FC6NR01462C",{"id":26,"text":1284,"url":26,"identifiers":1285},"Ying, Y. et al. Two-dimensional titanium carbide for efficiently reductive removal of highly toxic chromium (vi) from water. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 1795–1803 (2015).",{"doi":1286},"10.1021\u002Fam5074722",{"id":26,"text":1288,"url":26,"identifiers":1289},"Peng, Y.-Y. et al. All-MXene (2D titanium carbide) solid-state microsupercapacitors for on-chip energy storage. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 2847–2854 (2016).",{"doi":1290},"10.1039\u002FC6EE01717G",{"id":26,"text":1292,"url":26,"identifiers":1293},"Mashtalir, O. et al. Dye adsorption and decomposition on two-dimensional titanium carbide in aqueous media. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 14334–14338 (2014).",{"doi":1294},"10.1039\u002FC4TA02638A",{"id":26,"text":1296,"url":26,"identifiers":1297},"Wang, K. et al. Fabrication and thermal stability of two-dimensional carbide Ti3C2 nanosheets. Ceram. Int. 42, 8419–8424 (2016).",{"doi":1298},"10.1016\u002Fj.ceramint.2016.02.059",{"id":26,"text":1300,"url":26,"identifiers":1301},"Naguib, M. et al. One-step synthesis of nanocrystalline transition metal oxides on thin sheets of disordered graphitic carbon by oxidation of MXenes. Chem. Commun. 50, 7420–7423 (2014).",{"doi":1302},"10.1039\u002FC4CC01646G",{"id":26,"text":1304,"url":26,"identifiers":1305},"Rakhi, R., Ahmed, B., Hedhili, M., Anjum, D. H. & Alshareef, H. Effect of post-etch annealing gas composition on the structural and electrochemical properties of Ti2CTx MXene electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Chem. Mater. 27, 5314–5323 (2015).",{"doi":1306},"10.1021\u002Facs.chemmater.5b01623",{"id":26,"text":1308,"url":26,"identifiers":1309},"Wang, H. et al. Enhancement of the electrical properties of MXene Ti3C2 nanosheets by post-treatments of alkalization and calcination. Mater. Lett. 160, 537–540 (2015).",{"doi":1310},"10.1016\u002Fj.matlet.2015.08.046",{"id":26,"text":1312,"url":26,"identifiers":1313},"Ghassemi, H. et al. In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy study of oxidation of two-dimensional Ti3C2 and formation of carbon-supported TiO2 . J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 14339 (2014).",{"doi":1314},"10.1039\u002FC4TA02583K",{"id":26,"text":1316,"url":26,"identifiers":1317},"Naguib, M. MXenes: A New Family of Two-Dimensional Materials and its Application as Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries. Thesis, Drexel University (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":1319,"url":26,"identifiers":1320},"Lee, Y., Cho, S. B. & Chung, Y. C. Tunable indirect to direct band gap transition of monolayer Sc2CO2 by the strain effect. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 14724–14728 (2014).",{"doi":1321},"10.1021\u002Fam504233d",{"id":26,"text":1323,"url":26,"identifiers":1324},"Ma, Z. et al. Tunable band structures of heterostructured bilayers with transition-metal dichalcogenide and MXene monolayer. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 5593–5599 (2014).",{"doi":1325},"10.1021\u002Fjp500861n",{"id":26,"text":1327,"url":26,"identifiers":1328},"Zhao, S., Kang, W. & Xue, J. Manipulation of electronic and magnetic properties of M2C (M = Hf, Nb, Sc, Ta, Ti, V, Zr) monolayer by applying mechanical strains. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 133106 (2014).",{"doi":1329},"10.1063\u002F1.4870515",{"id":26,"text":1331,"url":26,"identifiers":1332},"Si, C., Zhou, J. & Sun, Z. Half-metallic ferromagnetism and surface functionalization-induced metal–insulator transition in graphene-like two-dimensional Cr2C crystals. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 17510–17515 (2015).",{"doi":1333},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b05401",{"id":26,"text":1335,"url":26,"identifiers":1336},"Weng, H. et al. Large-gap two-dimensional topological insulator in oxygen functionalized MXene. Phys. Rev. B 92, 075436 (2015).",{"doi":1337},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.92.075436",{"id":26,"text":1339,"url":26,"identifiers":1340},"Zhao, S., Kang, W. & Xue, J. MXene nanoribbons. J. Mater. Chem. C 3, 879–888 (2015).",{"doi":1341},"10.1039\u002FC4TC01721H",{"id":26,"text":1343,"url":26,"identifiers":1344},"Yang, J., Luo, X., Zhang, S. & Chen, L. Investigation of magnetic and electronic properties of transition metal doped Sc2CT2 (T = O, OH or F) using a first principles study. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 12914–12919 (2016).",{"doi":1345},"10.1039\u002FC6CP00138F",{"id":26,"text":1347,"url":26,"identifiers":1348},"Mauchamp, V. et al. Enhanced and tunable surface plasmons in two-dimensional Ti3C2 stacks: electronic structure versus boundary effects. Phys. Rev. B 89, 235428 (2014).",{"doi":1349},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.89.235428",{"id":26,"text":1351,"url":26,"identifiers":1352},"Borysiuk, V. N., Mochalin, V. N. & Gogotsi, Y. Molecular dynamic study of the mechanical properties of two-dimensional titanium carbides Tin +1Cn (MXenes). Nanotechnology 26, 265705 (2015).",{"doi":1353},"10.1088\u002F0957-4484\u002F26\u002F26\u002F265705",{"id":26,"text":1355,"url":26,"identifiers":1356},"Fu, Z. et al. Stabilization and strengthening effects of functional groups in two-dimensional titanium carbide. Phys. Rev. B 94, 104103 (2016).",{"doi":1357},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.94.104103",{"id":26,"text":1359,"url":26,"identifiers":1360},"Yorulmaz, U., Özden, A., Perkgöz, N. K., Ay, F. & Sevik, C. Vibrational and mechanical properties of single layer MXene structures: a first-principles investigation. Nanotechnology 27, 335702 (2016).",{"doi":1361},"10.1088\u002F0957-4484\u002F27\u002F33\u002F335702",{"id":26,"text":1363,"url":26,"identifiers":1364},"Zhang, H. et al. Computational studies on the structural, electronic and optical properties of graphene-like MXenes (M2CT2, M = Ti, Zr, Hf; T = O, F, OH) and their potential applications as visible-light driven photocatalysts. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 12913–12920 (2016).",{"doi":1365},"10.1039\u002FC6TA04628B",{"id":26,"text":1367,"url":26,"identifiers":1368},"Ling, Z. et al. Flexible and conductive MXene films and nanocomposites with high capacitance. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 16676–16681 (2014).",{"doi":1369},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1414215111",{"id":26,"text":1371,"url":26,"identifiers":1372},"Boota, M. et al. Pseudocapacitive electrodes produced by oxidant-free polymerization of pyrrole between the layers of 2D titanium carbide (MXene). Adv. Mater. 28, 1517–1522 (2016).",{"doi":1373},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201504705",{"id":26,"text":1375,"url":26,"identifiers":1376},"Zhang, H. et al. Preparation, mechanical and anti-friction performance of MXene\u002Fpolymer composites. Mater. Des. 92, 682–689 (2016).",{"doi":1377},"10.1016\u002Fj.matdes.2015.12.084",{"id":26,"text":1379,"url":26,"identifiers":1380},"Wu, X. et al. Polymer–Ti3C2Tx composite membranes to overcome the trade-off in solvent resistant nanofiltration for alcohol-based system. J. Membr. Sci. 515, 175–188 (2016).",{"doi":1381},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2016.05.048",{"id":26,"text":1383,"url":26,"identifiers":1384},"Zhao, M.-Q. et al. Flexible MXene\u002Fcarbon nanotube composite paper with high volumetric capacitance. Adv. Mater. 27, 339–345 (2015).",{"doi":1385},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201404140",{"id":26,"text":1387,"url":26,"identifiers":1388},"Liu, Y., Wang, W., Ying, Y., Wang, Y. & Peng, X. Binder-free layered Ti3C2\u002FCNTs nanocomposite anodes with enhanced capacity and long-cycle life for lithium-ion batteries. Dalton Trans. 44, 7123–7126 (2015).",{"doi":1389},"10.1039\u002FC4DT02058H",{"id":26,"text":1391,"url":26,"identifiers":1392},"Dall'Agnese, Y., Rozier, P., Taberna, P.-L., Gogotsi, Y. & Simon, P. Capacitance of two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) and MXene\u002Fcarbon nanotube composites in organic electrolytes. J. Power Sources 306, 510–515 (2016).",{"doi":1393},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2015.12.036",{"id":26,"text":1395,"url":26,"identifiers":1396},"Dillon, A. D. et al. Highly conductive optical quality solution-processed films of 2D titanium carbide. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 4162–4168 (2016).",{"doi":1397},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201600357",{"id":26,"text":1399,"url":26,"identifiers":1400},"Hantanasirisakul, K. et al. Fabrication of Ti3C2Tx MXene transparent thin films with tunable optoelectronic properties. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2, 1600050 (2016).",{"doi":1401},"10.1002\u002Faelm.201600050",{"id":26,"text":1403,"url":26,"identifiers":1404},"Zha, X.-H. et al. Role of the surface effect on the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of the carbide MXenes. Europhys. Lett. 111, 26007 (2015).",{"doi":1405},"10.1209\u002F0295-5075\u002F111\u002F26007",{"id":26,"text":1407,"url":26,"identifiers":1408},"Fashandi, H. et al. Dirac points with giant spin–orbit splitting in the electronic structure of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides. Phys. Rev. B 92, 155142 (2015).",{"doi":1409},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.92.155142",{"id":26,"text":1411,"url":26,"identifiers":1412},"Miranda, A., Halim, J., Barsoum, M. & Lorke, A. Electronic properties of freestanding Ti3C2Tx MXene monolayers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 033102 (2016).",{"doi":1413},"10.1063\u002F1.4939971",{"id":26,"text":1415,"url":26,"identifiers":1416},"Paton, K. R. et al. Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids. Nat. Mater. 13, 624–630 (2014).",{"doi":1417},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3944",{"id":26,"text":1419,"url":26,"identifiers":1420},"Parvez, K. et al. Electrochemically exfoliated graphene as solution-processable, highly conductive electrodes for organic electronics. ACS Nano 7, 3598–3606 (2013).",{"doi":1421},"10.1021\u002Fnn400576v",{"id":26,"text":1423,"url":26,"identifiers":1424},"Lane, N. J., Barsoum, M. W. & Rondinelli, J. M. Correlation effects and spin–orbit interactions in two-dimensional hexagonal 5d transition metal carbides, Tan +1Cn (n = 1,2,3). Europhys. Lett. 101, 57004 (2013).",{"doi":1425},"10.1209\u002F0295-5075\u002F101\u002F57004",{"id":26,"text":1427,"url":26,"identifiers":1428},"Wang, G. A. Theoretical prediction of the intrinsic half-metallicity in surface-oxygen-passivated Cr2N MXene. J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 18850–18857 (2016).",{"doi":1429},"10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.6b05224",{"id":26,"text":1431,"url":26,"identifiers":1432},"Bonaccorso, F. et al. Graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage. Science 347, 1246501 (2015).",{"doi":1433},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1246501",{"id":26,"text":1435,"url":26,"identifiers":1436},"Feng, F., Wu, J., Wu, C. & Xie, Y. Regulating the electrical behaviors of 2D inorganic nanomaterials for energy applications. Small 11, 654–666 (2015).",{"doi":1437},"10.1002\u002Fsmll.201402346",{"id":26,"text":1439,"url":26,"identifiers":1440},"Naguib, M. et al. MXene: a promising transision metal carbide anode for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem. Commun. 16, 61–64 (2012).",{"doi":1441},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2012.01.002",{"id":26,"text":1443,"url":26,"identifiers":1444},"Xie, Y. et al. Prediction and characterization of MXene nanosheet anodes for non-lithium-ion batteries. ACS Nano 8, 9606–9615 (2014).",{"doi":1445},"10.1021\u002Fnn503921j",{"id":26,"text":1447,"url":26,"identifiers":1448},"Sun, D. et al. Structural transformation of MXene (V2C, Cr2C, and Ta2C) with O groups during lithiation: a first-principles investigation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 74–81 (2015).",{"doi":1449},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b03863",{"id":26,"text":1451,"url":26,"identifiers":1452},"Ren, C. E. et al. Porous two-dimensional transition metal carbide (MXene) flakes for high-performance Li-ion storage. ChemElectroChem 3, 689–693 (2016).",{"doi":1453},"10.1002\u002Fcelc.201600059",{"id":26,"text":1455,"url":26,"identifiers":1456},"Wang, X. et al. Pseudocapacitance of MXene nanosheets for high-power sodium-ion hybrid capacitors. Nat. Commun. 6, 6544 (2015). The first report on MXene application in Na-ion hybrid capacitors.",{"doi":1457},"10.1038\u002Fncomms7544",{"id":26,"text":1459,"url":26,"identifiers":1460},"Dall'Agnese, Y., Taberna, P. L., Gogotsi, Y. & Simon, P. Two-dimensional vanadium carbide (MXene) as positive electrode for sodium-ion capacitors. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 2305–2309 (2015).",{"doi":1461},"10.1021\u002Facs.jpclett.5b00868",{"id":26,"text":1463,"url":26,"identifiers":1464},"Yu, X.-f. et al. Mg intercalation into Ti2C building block. Chem. Phys. Lett. 629, 36–39 (2015).",{"doi":1465},"10.1016\u002Fj.cplett.2015.04.015",{"id":26,"text":1467,"url":26,"identifiers":1468},"Liang, X., Garsuch, A. & Nazar, L. F. Sulfur cathodes based on conductive MXene nanosheets for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 3907–3911 (2015). The first report on the use of MXenes in Li–S batteries.",{"doi":1469},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201410174",{"id":26,"text":1471,"url":26,"identifiers":1472},"Zhao, X. et al. Fabrication of layered Ti3C2 with an accordion-like structure as a potential cathode material for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 7870–7876 (2015).",{"doi":1473},"10.1039\u002FC4TA07101H",{"id":26,"text":1475,"url":26,"identifiers":1476},"Luo, J. et al. Sn4+ ion decorated highly conductive Ti3C2 MXene: promising lithium-ion anodes with enhanced volumetric capacity and cyclic performance. ACS Nano 10, 2491–2499 (2016).",{"doi":1477},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b07333",{"id":26,"text":1479,"url":26,"identifiers":1480},"Lukatskaya, M. R. et al. Cation intercalation and high volumetric capacitance of two-dimensional titanium carbide. Science 341, 1502–1505 (2013). This is the first demonstration of MXenes being able to host a range of cations, such as Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+ and Al3+, enabling their use in supercapacitors.",{"doi":1481},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1241488",{"id":26,"text":1483,"url":26,"identifiers":1484},"Come, J. et al. Controlling the actuation properties of MXene paper electrodes upon cation intercalation. Nano Energy 17, 27–35 (2015).",{"doi":1485},"10.1016\u002Fj.nanoen.2015.07.028",{"id":26,"text":1487,"url":26,"identifiers":1488},"Levi, M. D. et al. Solving the capacitive paradox of 2D MXene using electrochemical quartz-crystal admittance and in situ electronic conductance measurements. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1400815 (2015).",{"doi":1489},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201400815",{"id":26,"text":1491,"url":26,"identifiers":1492},"Tao, Y. et al. Towards ultrahigh volumetric capacitance: graphene derived highly dense but porous carbons for supercapacitors. Sci. Rep. 3, 2975 (2013).",{"doi":1493},"10.1038\u002Fsrep02975",{"id":26,"text":1495,"url":26,"identifiers":1496},"Shen, B.-S. et al. All-solid-state flexible microsupercapacitor based on two-dimensional titanium carbide. Chin. Chem. Lett. 27, 1586–1591 (2016).",{"doi":1497},"10.1016\u002Fj.cclet.2016.04.012",{"id":26,"text":1499,"url":26,"identifiers":1500},"Lukatskaya, M. R. et al. Probing the mechanism of high capacitance in 2D titanium carbide using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1500589 (2015).",{"doi":1501},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201500589",{"id":26,"text":1503,"url":26,"identifiers":1504},"Dall'Agnese, Y. et al. High capacitance of surface-modified 2D titanium carbide in acidic electrolyte. Electrochem. Commun. 48, 118–122 (2014).",{"doi":1505},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2014.09.002",{"id":26,"text":1507,"url":26,"identifiers":1508},"Lin, Z. et al. Capacitance of Ti3C2Tx MXene in ionic liquid electrolyte. J. Power Sources 326, 575–579 (2016).",{"doi":1509},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2016.04.035",{"id":26,"text":1511,"url":26,"identifiers":1512},"Peng, Q. et al. Unique lead adsorption behavior of activated hydroxyl group in two-dimensional titanium carbide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 4113–4116 (2014).",{"doi":1513},"10.1021\u002Fja500506k",{"id":26,"text":1515,"url":26,"identifiers":1516},"Xie, X. et al. Surface Al leached Ti3AlC2 substituting carbon for catalyst support served in a harsh corrosive electrochemical system. Nanoscale 6, 11035–11040 (2014).",{"doi":1517},"10.1039\u002FC4NR02080D",{"id":26,"text":1519,"url":26,"identifiers":1520},"Liu, H. et al. A novel nitrite biosensor based on the direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin immobilized on MXene-Ti3C2 . Sens. Actuators B 218, 60–66 (2015).",{"doi":1521},"10.1016\u002Fj.snb.2015.04.090",{"id":26,"text":1523,"url":26,"identifiers":1524},"Zhang, X. et al. Preparation and tribological properties of Ti3C2(OH)2 nanosheets as additives in base oil. RSC Adv. 5, 2762–2767 (2015).",{"doi":1525},"10.1039\u002FC4RA13800G",{"id":26,"text":1527,"url":26,"identifiers":1528},"Xuan, J. et al. Organic-base-driven intercalation and delamination for the production of functionalized titanium carbide nanosheets with superior photothermal therapeutic performance. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 14569–14574 (2016).",{"doi":1529},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201606643",{"id":26,"text":1531,"url":26,"identifiers":1532},"Qing, Y., Zhou, W., Luo, F. & Zhu, D. Titanium carbide (MXene) nanosheets as promising microwave absorbers. Ceram. Int. 42, 16412–16416 (2016).",{"doi":1533},"10.1016\u002Fj.ceramint.2016.07.150",{"id":26,"text":1535,"url":26,"identifiers":1536},"Han, M. et al. Ti3C2 MXenes with modified surface for high-performance electromagnetic absorption and shielding in the X-Band. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 21011–21019 (2016).",{"doi":1537},"10.1021\u002Facsami.6b06455",{"id":26,"text":1539,"url":26,"identifiers":1540},"Zou, G. et al. Synthesis of urchin-like rutile titania carbon nanocomposites by iron-facilitated phase transformation of MXene for environmental remediation. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 489–499 (2016).",{"doi":1541},"10.1039\u002FC5TA07343J",{"id":26,"text":1543,"url":26,"identifiers":1544},"Guo, J., Peng, Q., Fu, H., Zou, G. & Zhang, Q. Heavy-metal adsorption behavior of two-dimensional alkalization-intercalated MXene by first-principles calculations. J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 20923–20930 (2015).",{"doi":1545},"10.1021\u002Facs.jpcc.5b05426",{"id":26,"text":1547,"url":26,"identifiers":1548},"Zhang, Q. et al. Efficient phosphate sequestration for water purification by unique sandwich-like MXene\u002FMagnetic iron oxide nanocomposites. Nanoscale 8, 7085–7093 (2016).",{"doi":1549},"10.1039\u002FC5NR09303A",{"id":26,"text":1551,"url":26,"identifiers":1552},"Ren, C. E. et al. Charge- and size-selective ion sieving through Ti3C2Tx MXene membranes. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 4026–4031 (2015).",{"doi":1553},"10.1021\u002Facs.jpclett.5b01895",{"id":26,"text":1555,"url":26,"identifiers":1556},"Zhang, Y.-J. et al. Adsorption of uranyl species on hydroxylated titanium carbide nanosheet: a first-principles study. J. Hazard. Mater. 308, 402–410 (2016).",{"doi":1557},"10.1016\u002Fj.jhazmat.2016.01.053",{"id":26,"text":1559,"url":26,"identifiers":1560},"Wang, L. et al. Loading actinides in multi-layered structures for nuclear waste treatment: the first case study of uranium capture with vanadium carbide MXene. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 16396–16403 (2016).",{"doi":1561},"10.1021\u002Facsami.6b02989",{"id":26,"text":1563,"url":26,"identifiers":1564},"Chen, J. et al. CO2 and temperature dual responsive “Smart” MXene phases. Chem. Commun. 51, 314–317 (2015).",{"doi":1565},"10.1039\u002FC4CC07220K",{"id":26,"text":1567,"url":26,"identifiers":1568},"Xiao, B., Li, Y.-c., Yu, X.-f. & Cheng, J.-b. MXenes: reusable materials for NH3 sensor or capturer by controlling the charge injection. Sens. Actuators B 235, 103–109 (2016).",{"doi":1569},"10.1016\u002Fj.snb.2016.05.062",{"id":26,"text":1571,"url":26,"identifiers":1572},"Zhang, X. et al. Ti-anchored Ti2CO2 monolayer (MXene) as a single-atom catalyst for CO oxidation. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 4871–4876 (2016).",{"doi":1573},"10.1039\u002FC6TA00554C",{"id":26,"text":1575,"url":26,"identifiers":1576},"Ma, T. Y., Cao, J. L., Jaroniec, M. & Qiao, S. Z. Interacting carbon nitride and titanium carbide nanosheets for high-performance oxygen evolution. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 1138–1142 (2015).",{"doi":1577},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201509758",{"id":26,"text":1579,"url":26,"identifiers":1580},"Li, X., Zeng, C. & Fan, G. Ultrafast hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane catalyzed by highly efficient bimetallic RuNi nanoparticles stabilized on Ti3C2X2 (X = OH and\u002For F). Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 40, 3883–3891 (2015).",{"doi":1581},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijhydene.2015.01.122",{"id":26,"text":1583,"url":26,"identifiers":1584},"Gao, Y. et al. Preparation of MXene–Cu2O nanocomposite and effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Solid State Sci. 35, 62–65 (2014).",{"doi":1585},"10.1016\u002Fj.solidstatesciences.2014.06.014",{"id":26,"text":1587,"url":26,"identifiers":1588},"Peng, C. et al. Hybrids of two-dimensional Ti3C2 and TiO2 exposing {001} facets toward enhanced photocatalytic activity. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 6051–6060 (2016).",{"doi":1589},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b11973",{"id":26,"text":1591,"url":26,"identifiers":1592},"Azofra, L. M., Li, N., MacFarlane, D. R. & Sun, C. Promising prospects for 2D d2–d4 M3C2 transition metal carbides (MXenes) in N2 capture and conversion into ammonia. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 2545–2549 (2016).",{"doi":1593},"10.1039\u002FC6EE01800A",{"id":26,"text":1595,"url":26,"identifiers":1596},"Xu, B. et al. Ultrathin MXene-micropattern-based field-effect transistor for probing neural activity. Adv. Mater. 28, 3333–3339 (2016).",{"doi":1597},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201504657",{"id":26,"text":1599,"url":26,"identifiers":1600},"Rasool, K. et al. Antibacterial activity of Ti3C2Tx MXene. ACS Nano 10, 3674–3684 (2016).",{"doi":1601},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.6b00181",{"id":26,"text":1603,"url":26,"identifiers":1604},"Yin, H. et al. Effect of MXene (nano-Ti3C2) on early-age hydration of cement paste. J. Nanomater. 16, 147 (2015).",{},{"id":26,"text":1606,"url":26,"identifiers":1607},"Yang, J., Chen, B., Song, H., Tang, H. & Li, C. Synthesis, characterization, and tribological properties of two-dimensional Ti3C2 . Cryst. Res. Technol. 49, 926–932 (2014).",{"doi":1608},"10.1002\u002Fcrat.201400268",false,{"id":1611,"createTime":1612,"updateTime":1612,"relativeEntities":1613,"slug":1614,"properties":1615,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":1612,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":1626,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":1627,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":1628,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":1725,"citationCount":1755,"citationInfo":1756,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":1764,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"2b9c4186-8320-463a-b90c-4c10bbaf0393","2024-09-03T07:52:24.190+00:00",[],"2D-transition-metal-dichalcogenides",{"mag":1616,"keywords":1618,"openalex":1619,"abstract":1621,"title":1622,"doi":1624},{"VOID":1617},"2627001981",{},{"VOID":1620},"W2627001981",{},{"EN":1623},"2D transition metal dichalcogenides",{"VOID":1625},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2017.33",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats201733",[1629,1651,1672,1693,1708],{"id":1630,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":1631,"affiliations":1632,"properties":1644},"d0a8ac83-0d28-42ce-8ca8-778a42ed99e1",[],[1633],{"id":1634,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":1635,"properties":26},"5211f4a8-b822-4b00-9ab1-b47be9e83810",{"id":1636,"createTime":1637,"updateTime":1638,"relativeEntities":1639,"slug":1640,"properties":1641,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"58988bbc-6fea-4ebb-853b-439f7f742364","2024-09-03T07:52:24.207+00:00","2024-09-24T17:12:12.766+00:00",[],"Electrical-Engineering-Institute-%C3%89cole-Polytechnique-F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale-de-Lausanne-EPFL-Lausanne-CH-1015-Switzerland",{"title":1642},{"EN":1643},"Electrical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland",{"openalex":1645,"orcid":1647,"title":1649},{"VOID":1646},"A5023105977",{"VOID":1648},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-8971-1639",{"EN":1650},"Dmitry Ovchinnikov",{"id":1652,"sortIndex":114,"researcher":26,"roles":1653,"affiliations":1654,"properties":1665},"1e4928b9-674d-489d-8c69-b05fbf300967",[],[1655],{"id":1656,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":1657,"properties":26},"ae3f8bac-b31d-49ae-aa90-aa44eb0d6899",{"id":1658,"createTime":1659,"updateTime":1659,"relativeEntities":1660,"slug":1661,"properties":1662,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"75f5b95c-1c21-472b-8d0f-6322d9ffbb03","2024-09-03T07:52:24.236+00:00",[],"Institute-of-Physics-%C3%89cole-Polytechnique-F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale-de-Lausanne-EPFL-Lausanne-CH-1015-Switzerland",{"title":1663},{"EN":1664},"Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland",{"openalex":1666,"orcid":1668,"title":1670},{"VOID":1667},"A5020304824",{"VOID":1669},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-5418-6379",{"EN":1671},"Diego Pasquier",{"id":1673,"sortIndex":111,"researcher":26,"roles":1674,"affiliations":1675,"properties":1686},"83dca73a-d5d1-4f0e-bd66-ad16cdfa9237",[],[1676],{"id":1677,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":1678,"properties":26},"295d2ba2-4c8b-475e-97a4-44de65e176e0",{"id":1679,"createTime":1680,"updateTime":1680,"relativeEntities":1681,"slug":1682,"properties":1683,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"9dde146d-29f5-489d-b92f-ce0fb9eff6d6","2024-09-03T07:52:24.275+00:00",[],"Institute-of-Materials-Science-and-Engineering-%C3%89cole-Polytechnique-F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale-de-Lausanne-EPFL-Lausanne-CH-1015-Switzerland",{"title":1684},{"EN":1685},"Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland",{"openalex":1687,"orcid":1689,"title":1691},{"VOID":1688},"A5026176713",{"VOID":1690},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-3426-7702",{"EN":1692},"András Kis",{"id":1694,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":1695,"affiliations":1696,"properties":1703},"64399db0-1cf1-48ef-8cc2-809296cfa0c4",[],[1697],{"id":1698,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":1699,"properties":26},"e414f3d6-f39c-4dc0-93d6-3244574610ac",{"id":1636,"createTime":1637,"updateTime":1638,"relativeEntities":1700,"slug":1640,"properties":1701,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":1702},{"EN":1643},{"openalex":1704,"title":1706},{"VOID":1705},"A5034737670",{"EN":1707},"Sajedeh Manzeli",{"id":1709,"sortIndex":59,"researcher":26,"roles":1710,"affiliations":1711,"properties":1718},"828f6d82-0608-4720-b194-ebb7adcf2b6f",[],[1712],{"id":1713,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":1714,"properties":26},"4a0c5192-2c63-47b2-abee-4774a768ceae",{"id":1658,"createTime":1659,"updateTime":1659,"relativeEntities":1715,"slug":1661,"properties":1716,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":1717},{"EN":1664},{"openalex":1719,"orcid":1721,"title":1723},{"VOID":1720},"A5081056071",{"VOID":1722},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-7281-3199",{"EN":1724},"Oleg V. Yazyev",{"url":26,"publisher":1726,"properties":1751},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":1727,"slug":663,"properties":1728,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":1734,"manageAffiliations":1735,"indexDatabases":1736,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":1729,"issn":1730,"introduce":1731,"eissn":1732,"title":1733},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[1737,1744],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":1738,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":1743,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":1739,"label":1740,"description":1741,"key":772,"publicationTags":1742,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":1745,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":1750,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":1746,"label":1747,"description":1748,"key":748,"publicationTags":1749,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":1752,"issue":1753},{"VOID":890},{"VOID":1754},"8",4217,{"total":1755,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":1757},{"2015":115,"2017":298,"2018":618,"2019":1758,"2020":1759,"2021":1760,"2022":1761,"2023":1762,"2024":1763},413,630,729,784,845,500,[1765,1769,1773,1777,1781,1785,1789,1793,1797,1801,1804,1808,1812,1816,1820,1823,1827,1831,1835,1838,1841,1845,1849,1852,1856,1860,1864,1868,1872,1876,1880,1884,1888,1892,1896,1900,1904,1908,1912,1916,1920,1924,1928,1932,1936,1940,1944,1948,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1971,1975,1979,1983,1987,1991,1995,1999,2003,2007,2011,2015,2019,2023,2027,2031,2035,2039,2043,2047,2051,2054,2057,2060,2064,2068,2072,2074,2078,2082,2086,2090,2094,2098,2102,2106,2110,2114,2118,2122,2126,2130,2134,2138,2142,2146,2150,2154,2158,2162,2166,2170,2174,2178,2182,2186,2190,2194,2198,2202,2206,2210,2214,2218,2222,2226,2230,2234,2238,2242,2246,2250,2254,2258,2262,2266,2270,2274,2278,2282,2286,2290,2294,2298,2302,2306,2309,2313,2317,2321,2325,2329,2333,2337,2341,2345,2349,2353,2357,2361,2365,2369,2373,2377,2381,2385,2389,2393,2397,2401,2405,2409,2413,2417,2421,2425,2429,2433,2437,2441,2445,2449,2453,2457,2461,2465,2469,2473,2477,2481,2485,2489,2493,2497,2501,2505,2509,2513,2517,2521,2525,2529,2533,2537,2541,2545,2549,2553,2557,2561,2565,2569,2573,2577,2581,2585,2589,2593,2597,2599,2603,2607,2611,2615,2619,2623,2627],{"id":26,"text":1766,"url":26,"identifiers":1767},"Radisavljevic, B., Radenovic, A., Brivio, J., Giacometti, V. & Kis, A. Single-layer MoS2 transistors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 147–150 (2011).",{"doi":1768},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2010.279",{"id":26,"text":1770,"url":26,"identifiers":1771},"Splendiani, A. et al. Emerging photoluminescence in monolayer MoS2 . Nano Lett. 10, 1271–1275 (2010).",{"doi":1772},"10.1021\u002Fnl903868w",{"id":26,"text":1774,"url":26,"identifiers":1775},"Mak, K. F., Lee, C., Hone, J., Shan, J. & Heinz, T. F. Atomically thin MoS2: a new direct-gap semiconductor. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 136805 (2010).",{"doi":1776},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.105.136805",{"id":26,"text":1778,"url":26,"identifiers":1779},"Dickinson, R. G. & Pauling, L. The crystal structure of molybdenite. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 45, 1466–1471 (1923).",{"doi":1780},"10.1021\u002Fja01659a020",{"id":26,"text":1782,"url":26,"identifiers":1783},"Wilson, J. A. & Yoffe, A. D. The transition metal dichalcogenides discussion and interpretation of the observed optical, electrical and structural properties. Adv. Phys. 18, 193–335 (1969).",{"doi":1784},"10.1080\u002F00018736900101307",{"id":26,"text":1786,"url":26,"identifiers":1787},"Frindt, R. F. & Yoffe, A. D. Physical properties of layer structures: optical properties and photoconductivity of thin crystals of molybdenum disulphide. Proc. R. Soc. A 273, 69–83 (1963).",{"doi":1788},"10.1098\u002Frspa.1963.0075",{"id":26,"text":1790,"url":26,"identifiers":1791},"Joensen, P., Frindt, R. F. & Morrison, S. R. Single-layer MoS2 . Mater. Res. Bull. 21, 457–461 (1986).",{"doi":1792},"10.1016\u002F0025-5408(86)90011-5",{"id":26,"text":1794,"url":26,"identifiers":1795},"Tenne, R., Margulis, L., Genut, M. & Hodes, G. Polyhedral and cylindrical structures of tungsten disulfide. Nature 360, 444–446 (1992).",{"doi":1796},"10.1038\u002F360444a0",{"id":26,"text":1798,"url":26,"identifiers":1799},"Feldman, Y., Wasserman, E., Srolovitz, D. J. & Tenne, R. High-rate, gas-phase growth of MoS2 nested inorganic fullerenes and nanotubes. Science 267, 222–225 (1995).",{"doi":1800},"10.1126\u002Fscience.267.5195.222",{"id":26,"text":1802,"url":26,"identifiers":1803},"Koppens, F. H. L. et al. Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 780–793 (2014).",{"doi":918},{"id":26,"text":1805,"url":26,"identifiers":1806},"Xu, X., Yao, W., Xiao, D. & Heinz, T. F. Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Phys. 10, 343–350 (2014).",{"doi":1807},"10.1038\u002Fnphys2942",{"id":26,"text":1809,"url":26,"identifiers":1810},"Mak, K. F. & Shan, J. Photonics and optoelectronics of 2D semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Photonics 10, 216–226 (2016).",{"doi":1811},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2015.282",{"id":26,"text":1813,"url":26,"identifiers":1814},"Hill, H. M., Rigosi, A. F., Rim, K. T., Flynn, G. W. & Heinz, T. F. Band alignment in MoS2\u002FWS2 transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures probed by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 16, 4837–4837 (2016).",{"doi":1815},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.6b01007",{"id":26,"text":1817,"url":26,"identifiers":1818},"Zhu, Z. Y., Cheng, Y. C. & Schwingenschlögl, U. Giant spin–orbit-induced spin splitting in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B 84, 153402 (2011).",{"doi":1819},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.84.153402",{"id":26,"text":1821,"url":26,"identifiers":1822},"Andor, K. et al. k · p theory for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors. 2D Mater. 2, 2053–1583 (2015).",{},{"id":26,"text":1824,"url":26,"identifiers":1825},"Xiao, D., Liu, G.-B., Feng, W., Xu, X. & Yao, W. Coupled spin and valley physics in monolayers of MoS2 and other group-VI dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 196802 (2012).",{"doi":1826},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.108.196802",{"id":26,"text":1828,"url":26,"identifiers":1829},"Pulkin, A. & Yazyev, O. V. Spin- and valley-polarized transport across line defects in monolayer MoS2 . Phys. Rev. B 93, 041419 (2016).",{"doi":1830},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.93.041419",{"id":26,"text":1832,"url":26,"identifiers":1833},"Habe, T. & Koshino, M. Spin-dependent refraction at the atomic step of transition-metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 91, 201407 (2015).",{"doi":1834},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.91.201407",{"id":26,"text":1836,"url":26,"identifiers":1837},"Peierls, S. R. E. Quantum Theory of Solids (Clarendon Press, 1955).",{},{"id":26,"text":1839,"url":26,"identifiers":1840},"Frohlich, H. On the theory of superconductivity: the one-dimensional case. Proc. R. Soc. A 223, 305 (1954).",{},{"id":26,"text":1842,"url":26,"identifiers":1843},"Chan, S.-K. & Heine, V. Spin density wave and soft phonon mode from nesting Fermi surfaces. J. Phys. F Met. Phys. 3, 795–809 (1973).",{"doi":1844},"10.1088\u002F0305-4608\u002F3\u002F4\u002F022",{"id":26,"text":1846,"url":26,"identifiers":1847},"Lomer, W. M. Electronic structure of chromium group metals. Proc. Phys. Soc. 80, 489–496 (1962).",{"doi":1848},"10.1088\u002F0370-1328\u002F80\u002F2\u002F316",{"id":26,"text":1850,"url":26,"identifiers":1851},"Wilson, J. A., Di Salvo, F. J. & Mahajan, S. Charge-density waves in metallic, layered, transition-metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, C4-139–C4-150 (1974).",{},{"id":26,"text":1853,"url":26,"identifiers":1854},"Wilson, J. A., Di Salvo, F. J. & Mahajan, S. Charge-density waves and superlattices in the metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides. Adv. Phys. 50, 1171–1248 (2010).",{"doi":1855},"10.1080\u002F00018730110102718",{"id":26,"text":1857,"url":26,"identifiers":1858},"Moncton, D. E., Axe, J. D. & Di Salvo, F. J. Neutron scattering study of the charge-density wave transitions in 2H-TaSe2 and 2H-NbSe2 . Phys. Rev. B 16, 801–819 (1977).",{"doi":1859},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.16.801",{"id":26,"text":1861,"url":26,"identifiers":1862},"Di Salvo, J., Francis, J. & Rice, T. M. Charge-density waves in transition-metal compounds. Phys. Today 32, 32–38 (1979).",{"doi":1863},"10.1063\u002F1.2995488",{"id":26,"text":1865,"url":26,"identifiers":1866},"Revolinsky, E., Spiering, G. A. & Beerntsen, D. J. Superconductivity in the niobium–selenium system. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 26, 1029–1034 (1965).",{"doi":1867},"10.1016\u002F0022-3697(65)90190-3",{"id":26,"text":1869,"url":26,"identifiers":1870},"Perfetti, L., Gloor, T. A., Mila, F., Berger, H. & Grioni, M. Unexpected periodicity in the quasi-two-dimensional Mott insulator 1T-TaS2 revealed by angle-resolved photoemission. Phys. Rev. B 71, 153101 (2005).",{"doi":1871},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.71.153101",{"id":26,"text":1873,"url":26,"identifiers":1874},"Sipos, B. et al. From Mott state to superconductivity in 1T-TaS2 . Nat. Mater. 7, 960–965 (2008).",{"doi":1875},"10.1038\u002Fnmat2318",{"id":26,"text":1877,"url":26,"identifiers":1878},"Calandra, M. 2D materials: charge density waves go nano. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 737–738 (2015).",{"doi":1879},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.167",{"id":26,"text":1881,"url":26,"identifiers":1882},"Calandra, M., Mazin, I. I. & Mauri, F. Effect of dimensionality on the charge-density wave in few-layer 2H-NbSe2 . Phys. Rev. B 80, 241108 (2009).",{"doi":1883},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.80.241108",{"id":26,"text":1885,"url":26,"identifiers":1886},"Xi, X. et al. Strongly enhanced charge-density-wave order in monolayer NbSe2 . Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 765–769 (2015).",{"doi":1887},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.143",{"id":26,"text":1889,"url":26,"identifiers":1890},"Ugeda, M. M. et al. Characterization of collective ground states in single-layer NbSe2 . Nat. Phys. 12, 92–97 (2016).",{"doi":1891},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3527",{"id":26,"text":1893,"url":26,"identifiers":1894},"Ge, Y. & Liu, A. Y. Effect of dimensionality and spin–orbit coupling on charge-density-wave transition in 2H-TaSe2 . Phys. Rev. B 86, 104101 (2012).",{"doi":1895},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.86.104101",{"id":26,"text":1897,"url":26,"identifiers":1898},"Yu, Y. et al. Gate-tunable phase transitions in thin flakes of 1T-TaS2 . Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 270–276 (2015).",{"doi":1899},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.323",{"id":26,"text":1901,"url":26,"identifiers":1902},"Hovden, R. et al. Atomic lattice disorder in charge-density-wave phases of exfoliated dichalcogenides (1T-TaS2). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 11424 (2016).",{"doi":1903},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1606044113",{"id":26,"text":1905,"url":26,"identifiers":1906},"Albertini, O. R. et al. Zone-center phonons of bulk, few-layer, and monolayer 1T-TaS2: detection of the commensurate charge density wave phase through Raman scattering. Phys. Rev. B 93, 214109 (2016).",{"doi":1907},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.93.214109",{"id":26,"text":1909,"url":26,"identifiers":1910},"Sugawara, K. et al. Unconventional charge-density-wave transition in monolayer 1T-TiSe2 . ACS Nano 10, 1341–1345 (2016).",{"doi":1911},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b06727",{"id":26,"text":1913,"url":26,"identifiers":1914},"Chen, P. et al. Dimensional effects on the charge density waves in ultrathin films of TiSe2 . Nano Lett. 16, 6331–6336 (2016).",{"doi":1915},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.6b02710",{"id":26,"text":1917,"url":26,"identifiers":1918},"Kohn, W. Excitonic phases. Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 439–442 (1967).",{"doi":1919},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.19.439",{"id":26,"text":1921,"url":26,"identifiers":1922},"Jérome, D., Rice, T. M. & Kohn, W. Excitonic insulator. Phys. Rev. 158, 462–475 (1967).",{"doi":1923},"10.1103\u002FPhysRev.158.462",{"id":26,"text":1925,"url":26,"identifiers":1926},"Guillamón, I. et al. Superconducting density of states and vortex cores of 2H-NbS2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 166407 (2008).",{"doi":1927},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.101.166407",{"id":26,"text":1929,"url":26,"identifiers":1930},"Valla, T. et al. Charge-density-wave-induced modifications to the quasiparticle self-energy in 2H-TaSe2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4759–4762 (2000).",{"doi":1931},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.85.4759",{"id":26,"text":1933,"url":26,"identifiers":1934},"Nagata, S. et al. Superconductivity in the layered compound 2H-TaS2 . J. Phys. Chem. Solids 53, 1259–1263 (1992).",{"doi":1935},"10.1016\u002F0022-3697(92)90242-6",{"id":26,"text":1937,"url":26,"identifiers":1938},"Freitas, D. C. et al. Strong enhancement of superconductivity at high pressures within the charge-density-wave states of 2H-TaS2 and 2H-TaSe2 . Phys. Rev. B 93, 184512 (2016).",{"doi":1939},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.93.184512",{"id":26,"text":1941,"url":26,"identifiers":1942},"Kusmartseva, A. F., Sipos, B., Berger, H., Forró, L. & Tutiš, E. Pressure induced superconductivity in pristine 1T-TiSe2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 236401 (2009).",{"doi":1943},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.103.236401",{"id":26,"text":1945,"url":26,"identifiers":1946},"Morosan, E. et al. Superconductivity in CuxTiSe2 . Nat. Phys. 2, 544–550 (2006).",{"doi":1947},"10.1038\u002Fnphys360",{"id":26,"text":1949,"url":26,"identifiers":1950},"Wagner, K. E. et al. Tuning the charge density wave and superconductivity in CuxTaS2 . Phys. Rev. B 78, 104520 (2008).",{"doi":1951},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.78.104520",{"id":26,"text":1953,"url":26,"identifiers":1954},"Yang, J. J. et al. Charge-orbital density wave and superconductivity in the strong spin-orbit coupled IrTe2:Pd. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 116402 (2012).",{"doi":1955},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.108.116402",{"id":26,"text":1957,"url":26,"identifiers":1958},"Kosterlitz, J. M. & Thouless, D. J. Ordering, metastability and phase transitions in two-dimensional systems. J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 6, 1181–1203 (1973).",{"doi":1959},"10.1088\u002F0022-3719\u002F6\u002F7\u002F010",{"id":26,"text":1961,"url":26,"identifiers":1962},"Xi, X. et al. Ising pairing in superconducting NbSe2 atomic layers. Nat. Phys. 12, 139–143 (2016).",{"doi":1963},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3538",{"id":26,"text":1965,"url":26,"identifiers":1966},"Lu, J. M. et al. Evidence for two-dimensional Ising superconductivity in gated MoS2 . Science 350, 1353–1357 (2015).",{"doi":1967},"10.1126\u002Fscience.aab2277",{"id":26,"text":1969,"url":26,"identifiers":1970},"He, W.-Y., Zhou, B. T., He, J. J., Zhang, T. & Law, K. T. Nodal topological superconductivity in monolayer NbSe2. Preprint at ArXivhttps:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1604.02867 (2016).",{},{"id":26,"text":1972,"url":26,"identifiers":1973},"Sharma, G. & Tewari, S. Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states and topological superconductivity in Ising paired superconductors. Phys. Rev. B 94, 094515 (2016).",{"doi":1974},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.94.094515",{"id":26,"text":1976,"url":26,"identifiers":1977},"Zhou, B. T., Yuan, N. F. Q., Jiang, H.-L. & Law, K. T. Ising superconductivity and Majorana fermions in transition-metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 93, 180501 (2016).",{"doi":1978},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.93.180501",{"id":26,"text":1980,"url":26,"identifiers":1981},"Ye, J. T. et al. Superconducting dome in a gate-tuned band insulator. Science 338, 1193–1196 (2012).",{"doi":1982},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1228006",{"id":26,"text":1984,"url":26,"identifiers":1985},"Costanzo, D., Jo, S., Berger, H. & Morpurgo, A. F. Gate-induced superconductivity in atomically thin MoS2 crystals. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 339–344 (2016).",{"doi":1986},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.314",{"id":26,"text":1988,"url":26,"identifiers":1989},"Shi, W. et al. Superconductivity series in transition metal dichalcogenides by ionic gating. Sci. Rep. 5, 12534 (2015).",{"doi":1990},"10.1038\u002Fsrep12534",{"id":26,"text":1992,"url":26,"identifiers":1993},"Jo, S., Costanzo, D., Berger, H. & Morpurgo, A. F. Electrostatically induced superconductivity at the surface of WS2 . Nano Lett. 15, 1197–1202 (2015).",{"doi":1994},"10.1021\u002Fnl504314c",{"id":26,"text":1996,"url":26,"identifiers":1997},"Hasan, M. Z. & Kane, C. L. Colloquium: topological insulators. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 3045–3067 (2010).",{"doi":1998},"10.1103\u002FRevModPhys.82.3045",{"id":26,"text":2000,"url":26,"identifiers":2001},"Qi, X.-L. & Zhang, S.-C. Topological insulators and superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 1057–1110 (2011).",{"doi":2002},"10.1103\u002FRevModPhys.83.1057",{"id":26,"text":2004,"url":26,"identifiers":2005},"Qian, X., Liu, J., Fu, L. & Li, J. Quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Science 346, 1344–1347 (2014).",{"doi":2006},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1256815",{"id":26,"text":2008,"url":26,"identifiers":2009},"Bernevig, B. A., Hughes, T. L. & Zhang, S.-C. Quantum spin Hall effect and topological phase transition in HgTe quantum wells. Science 314, 1757–1761 (2006).",{"doi":2010},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1133734",{"id":26,"text":2012,"url":26,"identifiers":2013},"Konig, M. et al. Quantum spin Hall insulator state in HgTe quantum wells. Science 318, 766–770 (2007).",{"doi":2014},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1148047",{"id":26,"text":2016,"url":26,"identifiers":2017},"Knez, I., Du, R.-R. & Sullivan, G. Evidence for helical edge modes in inverted InAs\u002FGaSb quantum wells. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 136603 (2011).",{"doi":2018},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.107.136603",{"id":26,"text":2020,"url":26,"identifiers":2021},"Sabater, C. et al. Topologically protected quantum transport in locally exfoliated bismuth at room temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 176802 (2013).",{"doi":2022},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.110.176802",{"id":26,"text":2024,"url":26,"identifiers":2025},"Drozdov, I. K. et al. One-dimensional topological edge states of bismuth bilayers. Nat. Phys. 10, 664–669 (2014).",{"doi":2026},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3048",{"id":26,"text":2028,"url":26,"identifiers":2029},"Ali, M. N. et al. Large, non-saturating magnetoresistance in WTe2 . Nature 514, 205–208 (2014).",{"doi":2030},"10.1038\u002Fnature13763",{"id":26,"text":2032,"url":26,"identifiers":2033},"Pletikosic´, I., Ali, M. N., Fedorov, A. V., Cava, R. J. & Valla, T. Electronic structure basis for the extraordinary magnetoresistance in WTe2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 216601 (2014).",{"doi":2034},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.113.216601",{"id":26,"text":2036,"url":26,"identifiers":2037},"Soluyanov, A. A. et al. Type-II Weyl semimetals. Nature 527, 495–498 (2015).",{"doi":2038},"10.1038\u002Fnature15768",{"id":26,"text":2040,"url":26,"identifiers":2041},"Wang, Z. et al. MoTe2: a type-II Weyl topological metal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 056805 (2016).",{"doi":2042},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.117.056805",{"id":26,"text":2044,"url":26,"identifiers":2045},"Sun, Y., Wu, S.-C., Ali, M. N., Felser, C. & Yan, B. Prediction of Weyl semimetal in orthorhombic MoTe2 . Phys. Rev. B 92, 161107 (2015).",{"doi":2046},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.92.161107",{"id":26,"text":2048,"url":26,"identifiers":2049},"Bruno, F. Y. et al. Observation of large topologically trivial Fermi arcs in the candidate type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2 . Phys. Rev. B 94, 121112 (2016).",{"doi":2050},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.94.121112",{"id":26,"text":2052,"url":26,"identifiers":2053},"Tamai, A. et al. Fermi arcs and their topological character in the candidate type-II Weyl semimetal MoTe2 . Phys. Rev. X 6, 031021 (2016).",{},{"id":26,"text":2055,"url":26,"identifiers":2056},"Huang, Y. - Preparation, S. Electrical and modulation optical properties of 2H-MoSe2 . Chin. J. Phys. 22, 43–53 (1984).",{},{"id":26,"text":2058,"url":26,"identifiers":2059},"Schäfer, H. Chemical transport reactions. (Academic Press, 1964).",{},{"id":26,"text":2061,"url":26,"identifiers":2062},"Benameur, M. M. et al. Visibility of dichalcogenide nanolayers. Nanotechnology 22, 125706 (2011).",{"doi":2063},"10.1088\u002F0957-4484\u002F22\u002F12\u002F125706",{"id":26,"text":2065,"url":26,"identifiers":2066},"Novoselov, K. S. et al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10451–10453 (2005).",{"doi":2067},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0502848102",{"id":26,"text":2069,"url":26,"identifiers":2070},"Coleman, J. N. et al. Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 331, 568–571 (2011).",{"doi":2071},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1194975",{"id":26,"text":904,"url":26,"identifiers":2073},{"doi":906},{"id":26,"text":2075,"url":26,"identifiers":2076},"Dines, M. B. Lithium intercalation via n-Butyllithium of the layered transition metal dichalcogenides. Mater. Res. Bull. 10, 287–291 (1975).",{"doi":2077},"10.1016\u002F0025-5408(75)90115-4",{"id":26,"text":2079,"url":26,"identifiers":2080},"Eda, G. et al. Photoluminescence from chemically exfoliated MoS2 . Nano Lett. 11, 5111–5116 (2011).",{"doi":2081},"10.1021\u002Fnl201874w",{"id":26,"text":2083,"url":26,"identifiers":2084},"Zeng, Z. et al. Single-layer semiconducting nanosheets: high-yield preparation and device fabrication. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50, 11093–11097 (2011).",{"doi":2085},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201106004",{"id":26,"text":2087,"url":26,"identifiers":2088},"Gordon, R. A., Yang, D., Crozier, E. D., Jiang, D. T. & Frindt, R. F. Structures of exfoliated single layers of WS2, MoS2, and MoSe2 in aqueous suspension. Phys. Rev. B 65, 125407 (2002).",{"doi":2089},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.65.125407",{"id":26,"text":2091,"url":26,"identifiers":2092},"Kappera, R. et al. Phase-engineered low-resistance contacts for ultrathin MoS2 transistors. Nat. Mater. 13, 1128–1134 (2014).",{"doi":2093},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4080",{"id":26,"text":2095,"url":26,"identifiers":2096},"Joyce, B. A. Molecular beam epitaxy. Rep. Prog. Phys. 48, 1637–1697 (1985).",{"doi":2097},"10.1088\u002F0034-4885\u002F48\u002F12\u002F002",{"id":26,"text":2099,"url":26,"identifiers":2100},"Koma, A. & Yoshimura, K. Ultrasharp interfaces grown with van der waals epitaxy. Surf. Sci. 174, 556–560 (1986).",{"doi":2101},"10.1016\u002F0039-6028(86)90471-1",{"id":26,"text":2103,"url":26,"identifiers":2104},"Ohuchi, F. S., Shimada, T., Parkinson, B. A., Ueno, K. & Koma, A. Growth of MoSe2 thin-films with Van der Waals epitaxy. J. Cryst. Growth 111, 1033–1037 (1991).",{"doi":2105},"10.1016\u002F0022-0248(91)91127-V",{"id":26,"text":2107,"url":26,"identifiers":2108},"Ohuchi, F. S., Parkinson, B. A., Ueno, K. & Koma, A. Van der Waals epitaxial growth and characterization of MoSe2 thin films on SnS2 . J. Appl. Phys. 68, 2168–2175 (1990).",{"doi":2109},"10.1063\u002F1.346574",{"id":26,"text":2111,"url":26,"identifiers":2112},"Koma, A. Van der Waals epitaxy for highly lattice-mismatched systems. J. Cryst. Growth 201–202, 236–241 (1999).",{"doi":2113},"10.1016\u002FS0022-0248(98)01329-3",{"id":26,"text":2115,"url":26,"identifiers":2116},"Dumcenco, D. et al. Large-area epitaxial monolayer MoS2 . ACS Nano 9, 4611–4620 (2015).",{"doi":2117},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b01281",{"id":26,"text":2119,"url":26,"identifiers":2120},"Lehtinen, O. et al. Atomic scale microstructure and properties of Se-deficient two-dimensional MoSe2 . ACS Nano 9, 3274–3283 (2015).",{"doi":2121},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b00410",{"id":26,"text":2123,"url":26,"identifiers":2124},"Roy, A. et al. Structural and electrical properties of MoTe2 and MoSe2 grown by molecular beam epitaxy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 7396–7402 (2016).",{"doi":2125},"10.1021\u002Facsami.6b00961",{"id":26,"text":2127,"url":26,"identifiers":2128},"Ugeda, M. M. et al. Giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor. Nat. Mater. 13, 1091–1095 (2014).",{"doi":2129},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4061",{"id":26,"text":2131,"url":26,"identifiers":2132},"Barja, S. et al. Charge density wave order in 1D mirror twin boundaries of single-layer MoSe2 . Nat. Phys. 12, 751–756 (2016).",{"doi":2133},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3730",{"id":26,"text":2135,"url":26,"identifiers":2136},"Aretouli, K. E. et al. Epitaxial 2D SnSe2\u002F 2D WSe2 van der Waals heterostructures. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 23222–23229 (2016).",{"doi":2137},"10.1021\u002Facsami.6b02933",{"id":26,"text":2139,"url":26,"identifiers":2140},"Xenogiannopoulou, E. et al. High-quality, large-area MoSe2 and MoSe2\u002FBi2Se3 heterostructures on AlN(0001)\u002FSi(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Nanoscale 7, 7896–7905 (2015).",{"doi":2141},"10.1039\u002FC4NR06874B",{"id":26,"text":2143,"url":26,"identifiers":2144},"Vishwanath, S. et al. Comprehensive structural and optical characterization of MBE grown MoSe2 on graphite, CaF2 and graphene. 2D Mater. 2, 024007 (2015).",{"doi":2145},"10.1088\u002F2053-1583\u002F2\u002F2\u002F024007",{"id":26,"text":2147,"url":26,"identifiers":2148},"Zhan, Y., Liu, Z., Najmaei, S., Ajayan, P. M. & Lou, J. Large-area vapor-phase growth and characterization of MoS2 atomic layers on a SiO2 substrate. Small 8, 966–971 (2012).",{"doi":2149},"10.1002\u002Fsmll.201102654",{"id":26,"text":2151,"url":26,"identifiers":2152},"Liu, K.-K. et al. Growth of large-area and highly crystalline MoS2 thin layers on insulating substrates. Nano Lett. 12, 1538–1544 (2012).",{"doi":2153},"10.1021\u002Fnl2043612",{"id":26,"text":2155,"url":26,"identifiers":2156},"Shi, Y. et al. Van der Waals epitaxy of MoS2 layers using graphene as growth templates. Nano Lett. 12, 2784–2791 (2012).",{"doi":2157},"10.1021\u002Fnl204562j",{"id":26,"text":2159,"url":26,"identifiers":2160},"Lee, Y.-H. et al. Synthesis of large-area MoS2 atomic layers with chemical vapor deposition. Adv. Mater. 24, 2320–2325 (2012).",{"doi":2161},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201104798",{"id":26,"text":2163,"url":26,"identifiers":2164},"Najmaei, S. et al. Vapor phase growth and grain boundary structure of molybdenum disulfide atomic layers. Nat. Mater. 12, 754–759 (2013).",{"doi":2165},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3673",{"id":26,"text":2167,"url":26,"identifiers":2168},"van der Zande, A. M. et al. Grains and grain boundaries in highly crystalline monolayer molybdenum disulphide. Nat. Mater. 12, 554–561 (2013).",{"doi":2169},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3633",{"id":26,"text":2171,"url":26,"identifiers":2172},"Zou, X., Liu, Y. & Yakobson, B. I. Predicting dislocations and grain boundaries in two-dimensional metal-disulfides from the first principles. Nano Lett. 13, 253–258 (2012).",{"doi":2173},"10.1021\u002Fnl3040042",{"id":26,"text":2175,"url":26,"identifiers":2176},"Najmaei, S. et al. Electrical transport properties of polycrystalline monolayer molybdenum disulfide. ACS Nano 8, 7930–7937 (2014).",{"doi":2177},"10.1021\u002Fnn501701a",{"id":26,"text":2179,"url":26,"identifiers":2180},"Chung, J.-W., Dai, Z. R. & Ohuchi, F. S. WS2 thin films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. J. Cryst. Growth 186, 137–150 (1998).",{"doi":2181},"10.1016\u002FS0022-0248(97)00479-X",{"id":26,"text":2183,"url":26,"identifiers":2184},"Dumcenco, D. et al. Large-area MoS2 grown using H2S as the sulphur source. 2D Mater. 2, 044005 (2015).",{"doi":2185},"10.1088\u002F2053-1583\u002F2\u002F4\u002F044005",{"id":26,"text":2187,"url":26,"identifiers":2188},"Eichfeld, S. M. et al. Highly scalable, atomically thin WSe2 grown via metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. ACS Nano 9, 2080–2087 (2015).",{"doi":2189},"10.1021\u002Fnn5073286",{"id":26,"text":2191,"url":26,"identifiers":2192},"Kang, K. et al. High-mobility three-atom-thick semiconducting films with wafer-scale homogeneity. Nature 520, 656–660 (2015).",{"doi":2193},"10.1038\u002Fnature14417",{"id":26,"text":2195,"url":26,"identifiers":2196},"Wang, X. et al. Chemical vapor deposition growth of crystalline monolayer MoSe2 . ACS Nano 8, 5125–5131 (2014).",{"doi":2197},"10.1021\u002Fnn501175k",{"id":26,"text":2199,"url":26,"identifiers":2200},"Xia, J. et al. CVD synthesis of large-area, highly crystalline MoSe2 atomic layers on diverse substrates and application to photodetectors. Nanoscale 6, 8949–8955 (2014).",{"doi":2201},"10.1039\u002FC4NR02311K",{"id":26,"text":2203,"url":26,"identifiers":2204},"Chang, Y.-H. et al. Monolayer MoSe2 grown by chemical vapor deposition for fast photodetection. ACS Nano 8, 8582–8590 (2014).",{"doi":2205},"10.1021\u002Fnn503287m",{"id":26,"text":2207,"url":26,"identifiers":2208},"Gao, Y. et al. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform monolayer WS2 on reusable Au foils. Nat. Commun. 6, 8569 (2015).",{"doi":2209},"10.1038\u002Fncomms9569",{"id":26,"text":2211,"url":26,"identifiers":2212},"Kobayashi, Y. et al. Growth and optical properties of high-quality monolayer WS2 on graphite. ACS Nano 9, 4056–4063 (2015).",{"doi":2213},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b00103",{"id":26,"text":2215,"url":26,"identifiers":2216},"McCreary, K. M., Hanbicki, A. T., Jernigan, G. G., Culbertson, J. C. & Jonker, B. T. Synthesis of large-area WS2 monolayers with exceptional photoluminescence. Sci. Rep. 6, 19159 (2016).",{"doi":2217},"10.1038\u002Fsrep19159",{"id":26,"text":2219,"url":26,"identifiers":2220},"Okada, M. et al. Direct chemical vapor deposition growth of WS2 atomic layers on hexagonal boron nitride. ACS Nano 8, 8273–8277 (2014).",{"doi":2221},"10.1021\u002Fnn503093k",{"id":26,"text":2223,"url":26,"identifiers":2224},"Tan, H. et al. Ultrathin 2D photodetectors utilizing chemical vapor deposition grown WS2 with graphene electrodes. ACS Nano 10, 7866–7873 (2016).",{"doi":2225},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.6b03722",{"id":26,"text":2227,"url":26,"identifiers":2228},"Tanabe, I. et al. Band structure characterization of WS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 252103 (2016).",{"doi":2229},"10.1063\u002F1.4954278",{"id":26,"text":2231,"url":26,"identifiers":2232},"Zhang, Y. et al. Controlled growth of high-quality monolayer WS2 layers on sapphire and imaging its grain boundary. ACS Nano 7, 8963–8971 (2013).",{"doi":2233},"10.1021\u002Fnn403454e",{"id":26,"text":2235,"url":26,"identifiers":2236},"Chen, J. et al. Chemical vapor deposition of large-sized hexagonal WSe2 crystals on dielectric substrates. Adv. Mater. 27, 6722–6727 (2015).",{"doi":2237},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201503446",{"id":26,"text":2239,"url":26,"identifiers":2240},"Liu, B. et al. Chemical vapor deposition growth of monolayer WSe2 with tunable device characteristics and growth mechanism study. ACS Nano 9, 6119–6127 (2015).",{"doi":2241},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b01301",{"id":26,"text":2243,"url":26,"identifiers":2244},"Yoshida, M. et al. Gate-optimized thermoelectric power factor in ultrathin WSe2 single crystals. Nano Lett. 16, 2061–2065 (2016).",{"doi":2245},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.6b00075",{"id":26,"text":2247,"url":26,"identifiers":2248},"Keyshar, K. et al. Chemical vapor deposition of monolayer rhenium disulfide (ReS2). Adv. Mater. 27, 4640–4648 (2015).",{"doi":2249},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201501795",{"id":26,"text":2251,"url":26,"identifiers":2252},"He, X. et al. Chemical vapor deposition of high-quality and atomically layered ReS2 . Small 11, 5423–5429 (2015).",{"doi":2253},"10.1002\u002Fsmll.201501488",{"id":26,"text":2255,"url":26,"identifiers":2256},"Hafeez, M., Gan, L., Li, H., Ma, Y. & Zhai, T. Large-area bilayer ReS2 film\u002Fmultilayer ReS2 flakes synthesized by chemical vapor deposition for high performance photodetectors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 4551–4560 (2016).",{"doi":2257},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201601019",{"id":26,"text":2259,"url":26,"identifiers":2260},"Hafeez, M., Gan, L., Li, H., Ma, Y. & Zhai, T. Chemical vapor deposition synthesis of ultrathin hexagonal ReSe2 flakes for anisotropic raman property and optoelectronic application. Adv. Mater. 28, 8296–8301 (2016).",{"doi":2261},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201601977",{"id":26,"text":2263,"url":26,"identifiers":2264},"Naylor, C. H. et al. Monolayer single-crystal 1T′-MoTe2 grown by chemical vapor deposition exhibits weak antilocalization effect. Nano Lett. 16, 4297–4304 (2016).",{"doi":2265},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.6b01342",{"id":26,"text":2267,"url":26,"identifiers":2268},"Zhou, J. et al. Large-area and high-quality 2D transition metal telluride. Adv. Mat. 29, 1603471 (2017).",{"doi":2269},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201603471",{"id":26,"text":2271,"url":26,"identifiers":2272},"Duan, X. et al. Lateral epitaxial growth of two-dimensional layered semiconductor heterojunctions. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 1024–1030 (2014).",{"doi":2273},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.222",{"id":26,"text":2275,"url":26,"identifiers":2276},"Huang, C. et al. Lateral heterojunctions within monolayer MoSe2–WSe2 semiconductors. Nat. Mater. 13, 1096–1101 (2014).",{"doi":2277},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4064",{"id":26,"text":2279,"url":26,"identifiers":2280},"Gong, Y. et al. Vertical and in-plane heterostructures from WS2\u002FMoS2 monolayers. Nat. Mater. 13, 1135–1142 (2014).",{"doi":2281},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4091",{"id":26,"text":2283,"url":26,"identifiers":2284},"Li, M.-Y. et al. Epitaxial growth of a monolayer WSe2–MoS2 lateral p–n junction with an atomically sharp interface. Science 349, 524–528 (2015).",{"doi":2285},"10.1126\u002Fscience.aab4097",{"id":26,"text":2287,"url":26,"identifiers":2288},"Yu, H., Kutana, A. & Yakobson, B. I. Carrier delocalization in two-dimensional coplanar p–n junctions of graphene and metal dichalcogenides. Nano Lett. 16, 5032–5036 (2016).",{"doi":2289},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.6b01822",{"id":26,"text":2291,"url":26,"identifiers":2292},"Kaasbjerg, K., Thygesen, K. S. & Jacobsen, K. W. Phonon-limited mobility in n-type single-layer MoS2 from first principles. Phys. Rev. B 85, 115317 (2012).",{"doi":2293},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.85.115317",{"id":26,"text":2295,"url":26,"identifiers":2296},"Kaasbjerg, K., Thygesen, K. S. & Jauho, A.-P. Acoustic phonon limited mobility in two-dimensional semiconductors: deformation potential and piezoelectric scattering in monolayer MoS2 from first principles. Phys. Rev. B 87, 235312 (2013).",{"doi":2297},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.235312",{"id":26,"text":2299,"url":26,"identifiers":2300},"Zhang, W., Huang, Z., Zhang, W. & Li, Y. Two-dimensional semiconductors with possible high room temperature mobility. Nano Res. 7, 1731–1737 (2014).",{"doi":2301},"10.1007\u002Fs12274-014-0532-x",{"id":26,"text":2303,"url":26,"identifiers":2304},"Li, X. et al. Intrinsic electrical transport properties of monolayer silicene and MoS2 from first principles. Phys. Rev. B 87, 115418 (2013).",{"doi":2305},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.115418",{"id":26,"text":2307,"url":26,"identifiers":2308},"Ma, N. & Jena, D. Charge scattering and mobility in atomically thin semiconductors. Phys. Rev. X 4, 011043 (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":2310,"url":26,"identifiers":2311},"Fivaz, R. & Mooser, E. Mobility of charge carriers in semiconducting layer structures. Phys. Rev. 163, 743–755 (1967).",{"doi":2312},"10.1103\u002FPhysRev.163.743",{"id":26,"text":2314,"url":26,"identifiers":2315},"Radisavljevic, B. & Kis, A. Mobility engineering and a metal–insulator transition in monolayer MoS2 . Nat. Mater. 12, 815–820 (2013).",{"doi":2316},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3687",{"id":26,"text":2318,"url":26,"identifiers":2319},"Baugher, B. W. H., Churchill, H. O. H., Yang, Y. & Jarillo-Herrero, P. Intrinsic electronic transport properties of high-quality monolayer and bilayer MoS2 . Nano Lett. 13, 4212–4216 (2013).",{"doi":2320},"10.1021\u002Fnl401916s",{"id":26,"text":2322,"url":26,"identifiers":2323},"Yu, Z. et al. Realization of room-temperature phonon-limited carrier transport in monolayer MoS2 by dielectric and carrier screening. Adv. Mater. 28, 547–552 (2016).",{"doi":2324},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201503033",{"id":26,"text":2326,"url":26,"identifiers":2327},"Chamlagain, B. et al. Mobility improvement and temperature dependence in MoSe2 field-effect transistors on parylene-c substrate. ACS Nano 8, 5079–5088 (2014).",{"doi":2328},"10.1021\u002Fnn501150r",{"id":26,"text":2330,"url":26,"identifiers":2331},"Cui, X. et al. Multi-terminal transport measurements of MoS2 using a van der Waals heterostructure device platform. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 534–540 (2015).",{"doi":2332},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.70",{"id":26,"text":2334,"url":26,"identifiers":2335},"Bertolazzi, S., Krasnozhon, D. & Kis, A. Nonvolatile memory cells based on MoS2\u002Fgraphene heterostructures. ACS Nano 7, 3246–3252 (2013).",{"doi":2336},"10.1021\u002Fnn3059136",{"id":26,"text":2338,"url":26,"identifiers":2339},"Iqbal, M. W. et al. High-mobility and air-stable single-layer WS2 field-effect transistors sandwiched between chemical vapor deposition-grown hexagonal BN films. Sci. Rep. 5, 10699 (2015).",{"doi":2340},"10.1038\u002Fsrep10699",{"id":26,"text":2342,"url":26,"identifiers":2343},"Xu, S. et al. Universal low-temperature Ohmic contacts for quantum transport in transition metal dichalcogenides. 2D Mater. 3, 021007 (2016).",{"doi":2344},"10.1088\u002F2053-1583\u002F3\u002F2\u002F021007",{"id":26,"text":2346,"url":26,"identifiers":2347},"Ovchinnikov, D., Allain, A., Huang, Y.-S., Dumcenco, D. & Kis, A. Electrical transport properties of single-layer WS2 . ACS Nano 8, 8174–8181 (2014).",{"doi":2348},"10.1021\u002Fnn502362b",{"id":26,"text":2350,"url":26,"identifiers":2351},"Fallahazad, B. et al. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of high-mobility holes in monolayer and bilayer WSe2: Landau level degeneracy, effective mass, and negative compressibility. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 086601 (2016).",{"doi":2352},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.116.086601",{"id":26,"text":2354,"url":26,"identifiers":2355},"Schwierz, F. Graphene transistors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 487–496 (2010).",{"doi":2356},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2010.89",{"id":26,"text":2358,"url":26,"identifiers":2359},"Wu, Y. et al. State-of-the-art graphene high-frequency electronics. Nano Lett. 12, 3062–3067(2012).",{"doi":2360},"10.1021\u002Fnl300904k",{"id":26,"text":2362,"url":26,"identifiers":2363},"Yoon, Y., Ganapathi, K. & Salahuddin, S. How good can monolayer MoS2 transistors be? Nano Lett. 11, 3768–3773 (2011).",{"doi":2364},"10.1021\u002Fnl2018178",{"id":26,"text":2366,"url":26,"identifiers":2367},"Krasnozhon, D., Lembke, D., Nyffeler, C., Leblebici, Y. & Kis, A. MoS2 transistors operating at gigahertz frequencies. Nano Lett. 14, 5905–5911 (2014).",{"doi":2368},"10.1021\u002Fnl5028638",{"id":26,"text":2370,"url":26,"identifiers":2371},"Krasnozhon, D., Dutta, S., Nyffeler, C., Leblebici, Y. & Kis, A. High-frequency, scaled MoS2 transistors. IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meet.http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1109\u002FIEDM.2015.7409781 (2015).",{"doi":2372},"10.1109\u002FIEDM.2015.7409781",{"id":26,"text":2374,"url":26,"identifiers":2375},"Cheng, R. et al. Few-layer molybdenum disulfide transistors and circuits for high-speed flexible electronics. Nat. Commun. 5, 5143 (2014).",{"doi":2376},"10.1038\u002Fncomms6143",{"id":26,"text":2378,"url":26,"identifiers":2379},"Chang, H.-Y. et al. Large-area monolayer MoS2 for flexible low-power RF nanoelectronics in the GHz regime. Adv. Mater. 28, 1818–1823 (2015).",{"doi":2380},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201504309",{"id":26,"text":2382,"url":26,"identifiers":2383},"Sun, L. et al. 12-GHz thin-film transistors on transferrable silicon nanomembranes for high-performance flexible electronics. Small 6, 2553–2557 (2010).",{"doi":2384},"10.1002\u002Fsmll.201000522",{"id":26,"text":2386,"url":26,"identifiers":2387},"Wang, C. et al. Self-aligned, extremely high frequency III–V metal–oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors on rigid and flexible substrates. Nano Lett. 12, 4140–4145 (2012).",{"doi":2388},"10.1021\u002Fnl301699k",{"id":26,"text":2390,"url":26,"identifiers":2391},"Bertolazzi, S., Brivio, J. & Kis, A. Stretching and breaking of ultrathin MoS2 . ACS Nano 5, 9703–9709 (2011).",{"doi":2392},"10.1021\u002Fnn203879f",{"id":26,"text":2394,"url":26,"identifiers":2395},"Ni, Z. H. et al. Uniaxial strain on graphene: raman spectroscopy study and band-gap opening. ACS Nano 2, 2301–2305 (2008).",{"doi":2396},"10.1021\u002Fnn800459e",{"id":26,"text":2398,"url":26,"identifiers":2399},"Pereira, V. M., Castro Neto, A. H. & Peres, N. M. R. Tight-binding approach to uniaxial strain in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 80, 045401 (2009).",{"doi":2400},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.80.045401",{"id":26,"text":2402,"url":26,"identifiers":2403},"Johari, P. & Shenoy, V. B. Tuning the electronic properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides by applying mechanical strains. ACS Nano 6, 5449–5456 (2012).",{"doi":2404},"10.1021\u002Fnn301320r",{"id":26,"text":2406,"url":26,"identifiers":2407},"Yue, Q. et al. Mechanical and electronic properties of monolayer MoS2 under elastic strain. Phys. Lett. A 376, 1166–1170 (2012).",{"doi":2408},"10.1016\u002Fj.physleta.2012.02.029",{"id":26,"text":2410,"url":26,"identifiers":2411},"Shi, H., Pan, H., Zhang, Y.-W. & Yakobson, B. I. Quasiparticle band structures and optical properties of strained monolayer MoS2 and WS2 . Phys. Rev. B 87, 155304 (2013).",{"doi":2412},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.155304",{"id":26,"text":2414,"url":26,"identifiers":2415},"Dong, L., Namburu, R. R., O’Regan, T. P., Dubey, M. & Dongare, A. M. Theoretical study on strain-induced variations in electronic properties of monolayer MoS2 . J. Mater. Sci. 49, 6762–6771 (2014).",{"doi":2416},"10.1007\u002Fs10853-014-8370-5",{"id":26,"text":2418,"url":26,"identifiers":2419},"Ghorbani-Asl, M., Borini, S., Kuc, A. & Heine, T. Strain-dependent modulation of conductivity in single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 87, 235434 (2013).",{"doi":2420},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.235434",{"id":26,"text":2422,"url":26,"identifiers":2423},"Harada, N., Sato, S. & Yokoyama, N. Computational study on electrical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide field-effect transistors with strained channel. J. Appl. Phys. 115, 034505 (2014).",{"doi":2424},"10.1063\u002F1.4861726",{"id":26,"text":2426,"url":26,"identifiers":2427},"Horzum, S. et al. Phonon softening and direct to indirect band gap crossover in strained single-layer MoSe2 . Phys. Rev. B 87, 125415 (2013).",{"doi":2428},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.125415",{"id":26,"text":2430,"url":26,"identifiers":2431},"Lu, P., Wu, X., Guo, W. & Zeng, X. C. Strain-dependent electronic and magnetic properties of MoS2 monolayer, bilayer, nanoribbons and nanotubes. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 13035–13040 (2012).",{"doi":2432},"10.1039\u002Fc2cp42181j",{"id":26,"text":2434,"url":26,"identifiers":2435},"Scalise, E., Houssa, M., Pourtois, G., Afanas′ev, V. V. & Stesmans, A. First-principles study of strained 2D MoS2 . Phys. E 56, 416–421 (2014).",{"doi":2436},"10.1016\u002Fj.physe.2012.07.029",{"id":26,"text":2438,"url":26,"identifiers":2439},"Wang, L., Kutana, A. & Yakobson, B. I. Many-body and spin–orbit effects on direct-indirect band gap transition of strained monolayer MoS2 and WS2: direct-indirect band gap transition in strained monolayer MoS2 and WS2 . Ann. Phys. 526, L7–L12 (2014).",{"doi":2440},"10.1002\u002Fandp.201400098",{"id":26,"text":2442,"url":26,"identifiers":2443},"Kumar, A. & Ahluwalia, P. K. Mechanical strain dependent electronic and dielectric properties of two-dimensional honeycomb structures of MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te). Phys. B (Amsterdam, Neth.) 419, 66–75 (2013).",{"doi":2444},"10.1016\u002Fj.physb.2013.03.029",{"id":26,"text":2446,"url":26,"identifiers":2447},"Bhattacharyya, S., Pandey, T. & Singh, A. K. Effect of strain on electronic and thermoelectric properties of few layers to bulk MoS2 . Nanotechnology 25, 465701 (2014).",{"doi":2448},"10.1088\u002F0957-4484\u002F25\u002F46\u002F465701",{"id":26,"text":2450,"url":26,"identifiers":2451},"Zhu, L. et al. Thermal conductivity of biaxial-strained MoS2: sensitive strain dependence and size-dependent reduction rate. Nanotechnology 26, 465707 (2015).",{"doi":2452},"10.1088\u002F0957-4484\u002F26\u002F46\u002F465707",{"id":26,"text":2454,"url":26,"identifiers":2455},"Rostami, H., Roldán, R., Cappelluti, E., Asgari, R. & Guinea, F. Theory of strain in single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 92, 195402 (2015).",{"doi":2456},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.92.195402",{"id":26,"text":2458,"url":26,"identifiers":2459},"Cheiwchanchamnangij, T., Lambrecht, W. R. L., Song, Y. & Dery, H. Strain effects on the spin–orbit-induced band structure splittings in monolayer MoS2 and graphene. Phys. Rev. B 88, 155404 (2013).",{"doi":2460},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.88.155404",{"id":26,"text":2462,"url":26,"identifiers":2463},"Koskinen, P., Fampiou, I. & Ramasubramaniam, A. Density-functional tight-binding simulations of curvature-controlled layer decoupling and band-gap tuning in bilayer MoS2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 186802 (2014).",{"doi":2464},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.112.186802",{"id":26,"text":2466,"url":26,"identifiers":2467},"Sengupta, A., Ghosh, R. K. & Mahapatra, S. Performance analysis of strained monolayer MoS2 MOSFET. IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 60, 2782–2787 (2013).",{"doi":2468},"10.1109\u002FTED.2013.2273456",{"id":26,"text":2470,"url":26,"identifiers":2471},"Mohammad Tabatabaei, S., Noei, M., Khaliji, K., Pourfath, M. & Fathipour, M. A first-principles study on the effect of biaxial strain on the ultimate performance of monolayer MoS2-based double gate field effect transistor. J. Appl. Phys. 113, 163708 (2013).",{"doi":2472},"10.1063\u002F1.4803032",{"id":26,"text":2474,"url":26,"identifiers":2475},"Feng, J., Qian, X., Huang, C.-W. & Li, J. Strain-engineered artificial atom as a broad-spectrum solar energy funnel. Nat. Photonics 6, 866–872 (2012).",{"doi":2476},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2012.285",{"id":26,"text":2478,"url":26,"identifiers":2479},"Kumar, H., Er, D., Dong, L., Li, J. & Shenoy, V. B. Elastic deformations in 2D van der waals heterostructures and their impact on optoelectronic properties: predictions from a multiscale computational approach. Sci. Rep. 5, 10872 (2015).",{"doi":2480},"10.1038\u002Fsrep10872",{"id":26,"text":2482,"url":26,"identifiers":2483},"Sharma, M., Kumar, A., Ahluwalia, P. K. & Pandey, R. Strain and electric field induced electronic properties of two-dimensional hybrid bilayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides. J. Appl. Phys. 116, 063711 (2014).",{"doi":2484},"10.1063\u002F1.4892798",{"id":26,"text":2486,"url":26,"identifiers":2487},"Yu, S. et al. Strain-engineering the anisotropic electrical conductance in ReS2 monolayer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 191901 (2016).",{"doi":2488},"10.1063\u002F1.4947195",{"id":26,"text":2490,"url":26,"identifiers":2491},"Manzeli, S., Allain, A., Ghadimi, A. & Kis, A. Piezoresistivity and strain-induced band gap tuning in atomically thin MoS2 . Nano Lett. 15, 5330–5335 (2015).",{"doi":2492},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b01689",{"id":26,"text":2494,"url":26,"identifiers":2495},"Zhu, H. et al. Observation of piezoelectricity in free-standing monolayer MoS2 . Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 151–155 (2015).",{"doi":2496},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.309",{"id":26,"text":2498,"url":26,"identifiers":2499},"Lloyd, D. et al. Band gap engineering with ultralarge biaxial strains in suspended monolayer MoS2 . Nano Lett. 16, 5836–5841 (2016).",{"doi":2500},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.6b02615",{"id":26,"text":2502,"url":26,"identifiers":2503},"Li, H. et al. Optoelectronic crystal of artificial atoms in strain-textured molybdenum disulphide. Nat. Commun. 6, 7381 (2015).",{"doi":2504},"10.1038\u002Fncomms8381",{"id":26,"text":2506,"url":26,"identifiers":2507},"Conley, H. J. et al. Bandgap engineering of strained monolayer and bilayer MoS2 . Nano Lett. 13, 3626–3630 (2013).",{"doi":2508},"10.1021\u002Fnl4014748",{"id":26,"text":2510,"url":26,"identifiers":2511},"He, K., Poole, C., Mak, K. F. & Shan, J. Experimental demonstration of continuous electronic structure tuning via strain in atomically thin MoS2 . Nano Lett. 13, 2931–2936 (2013).",{"doi":2512},"10.1021\u002Fnl4013166",{"id":26,"text":2514,"url":26,"identifiers":2515},"Zhu, C. R. et al. Strain tuning of optical emission energy and polarization in monolayer and bilayer MoS2 . Phys. Rev. B 88, 121301 (2013).",{"doi":2516},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.88.121301",{"id":26,"text":2518,"url":26,"identifiers":2519},"Castellanos-Gomez, A. et al. Local strain engineering in atomically thin MoS2 . Nano Lett. 13, 5361–5366 (2013).",{"doi":2520},"10.1021\u002Fnl402875m",{"id":26,"text":2522,"url":26,"identifiers":2523},"Plechinger, G. et al. Control of biaxial strain in single-layer molybdenite using local thermal expansion of the substrate. 2D Mater. 2, 015006 (2015).",{"doi":2524},"10.1088\u002F2053-1583\u002F2\u002F1\u002F015006",{"id":26,"text":2526,"url":26,"identifiers":2527},"Hui, Y. Y. et al. Exceptional tunability of band energy in a compressively strained trilayer MoS2 sheet. ACS Nano 7, 7126–7131 (2013).",{"doi":2528},"10.1021\u002Fnn4024834",{"id":26,"text":2530,"url":26,"identifiers":2531},"Liu, Z. et al. Strain and structure heterogeneity in MoS2 atomic layers grown by chemical vapour deposition. Nat. Commun. 5, 5246 (2014).",{"doi":2532},"10.1038\u002Fncomms6246",{"id":26,"text":2534,"url":26,"identifiers":2535},"Rice, C. et al. Raman-scattering measurements and first-principles calculations of strain-induced phonon shifts in monolayer MoS2 . Phys. Rev. B 87, 081307 (2013).",{"doi":2536},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.081307",{"id":26,"text":2538,"url":26,"identifiers":2539},"Desai, S. B. et al. Strain-induced indirect to direct bandgap transition in multilayer WSe2 . Nano Lett. 14, 4592–4597 (2014).",{"doi":2540},"10.1021\u002Fnl501638a",{"id":26,"text":2542,"url":26,"identifiers":2543},"Island, J. O. et al. Precise and reversible band gap tuning in single-layer MoSe2 by uniaxial strain. Nanoscale 8, 2589–2593 (2016).",{"doi":2544},"10.1039\u002FC5NR08219F",{"id":26,"text":2546,"url":26,"identifiers":2547},"Duerloo, K.-A. N., Ong, M. T. & Reed, E. J. Intrinsic piezoelectricity in two-dimensional materials. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3, 2871–2876 (2012).",{"doi":2548},"10.1021\u002Fjz3012436",{"id":26,"text":2550,"url":26,"identifiers":2551},"Blonsky, M. N., Zhuang, H. L., Singh, A. K. & Hennig, R. G. Ab-initio prediction of piezoelectricity in two-dimensional materials. ACS Nano 9, 9885–9891 (2015).",{"doi":2552},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b03394",{"id":26,"text":2554,"url":26,"identifiers":2555},"Wu, W. et al. Piezoelectricity of single-atomic-layer MoS2 for energy conversion and piezotronics. Nature 514, 470–474 (2014).",{"doi":2556},"10.1038\u002Fnature13792",{"id":26,"text":2558,"url":26,"identifiers":2559},"Kanda, Y. Piezoresistance effect of silicon. Sens. Actuators Phys. 28, 83–91 (1991).",{"doi":2560},"10.1016\u002F0924-4247(91)85017-I",{"id":26,"text":2562,"url":26,"identifiers":2563},"Smith, A. D. et al. Electromechanical piezoresistive sensing in suspended graphene membranes. Nano Lett. 13, 3237–3242 (2013).",{"doi":2564},"10.1021\u002Fnl401352k",{"id":26,"text":2566,"url":26,"identifiers":2567},"Huang, M., Pascal, T. A., Kim, H., Goddard, W. A. & Greer, J. R. Electronic—mechanical coupling in graphene from in situ nanoindentation experiments and multiscale atomistic simulations. Nano Lett. 11, 1241–1246 (2011).",{"doi":2568},"10.1021\u002Fnl104227t",{"id":26,"text":2570,"url":26,"identifiers":2571},"Petersen, K. E. Silicon as a mechanical material. Proc. IEEE 70, 420–457 (1982).",{"doi":2572},"10.1109\u002FPROC.1982.12331",{"id":26,"text":2574,"url":26,"identifiers":2575},"Solomon, P. M. et al. Pathway to the piezoelectronic transduction logic device. Nano Lett. 15, 2391–2395 (2015).",{"doi":2576},"10.1021\u002Fnl5046796",{"id":26,"text":2578,"url":26,"identifiers":2579},"Newns, D., Elmegreen, B., Liu, X. H. & Martyna, G. A low-voltage high-speed electronic switch based on piezoelectric transduction. J. Appl. Phys. 111, 084509 (2012).",{"doi":2580},"10.1063\u002F1.4704391",{"id":26,"text":2582,"url":26,"identifiers":2583},"Wu, W. et al. Piezophototronic effect in single-atomic-layer MoS2 for strain-gated flexible optoelectronics. Adv. Mater. 28, 8463–8468 (2016).",{"doi":2584},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201602854",{"id":26,"text":2586,"url":26,"identifiers":2587},"Pu, J. et al. Highly flexible MoS2 thin-film transistors with ion gel dielectrics. Nano Lett. 12, 4013–4017 (2012).",{"doi":2588},"10.1021\u002Fnl301335q",{"id":26,"text":2590,"url":26,"identifiers":2591},"Chang, H.-Y. et al. High-performance, highly bendable MoS2 transistors with high-K dielectrics for flexible low-power systems. ACS Nano 7, 5446–5452 (2013).",{"doi":2592},"10.1021\u002Fnn401429w",{"id":26,"text":2594,"url":26,"identifiers":2595},"Lee, G.-H. et al. Flexible and transparent MoS2 field-effect transistors on hexagonal boron nitride-graphene heterostructures. ACS Nano 7, 7931–7936 (2013).",{"doi":2596},"10.1021\u002Fnn402954e",{"id":26,"text":920,"url":26,"identifiers":2598},{"doi":922},{"id":26,"text":2600,"url":26,"identifiers":2601},"Yoon, J. et al. Highly flexible and transparent multilayer MoS2 transistors with graphene electrodes. Small 9, 3295–3300 (2013).",{"doi":2602},"10.1002\u002Fsmll.201300134",{"id":26,"text":2604,"url":26,"identifiers":2605},"Pu, J. et al. Fabrication of stretchable MoS2 thin-film transistors using elastic ion-gel gate dielectrics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 023505 (2013).",{"doi":2606},"10.1063\u002F1.4813311",{"id":26,"text":2608,"url":26,"identifiers":2609},"Shen, T., Penumatcha, A. V. & Appenzeller, J. Strain engineering for transition metal dichalcogenides based field effect transistors. ACS Nano 10, 4712–4718 (2016).",{"doi":2610},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.6b01149",{"id":26,"text":2612,"url":26,"identifiers":2613},"Tsai, M.-Y. et al. Flexible MoS2 field-effect transistors for gate-tunable piezoresistive strain sensors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 12850–12855 (2015).",{"doi":2614},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b02336",{"id":26,"text":2616,"url":26,"identifiers":2617},"Pu, J. et al. Highly flexible and high-performance complementary inverters of large-area transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Adv. Mater. 28, 4111–4119 (2016).",{"doi":2618},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201503872",{"id":26,"text":2620,"url":26,"identifiers":2621},"Feng, J. et al. Identification of single nucleotides in MoS2 nanopores. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 1070–1076 (2015).",{"doi":2622},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.219",{"id":26,"text":2624,"url":26,"identifiers":2625},"Feng, J. et al. Electrochemical reaction in single layer MoS2: nanopores opened atom by atom. Nano Lett. 15, 3431–3438 (2015).",{"doi":2626},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b00768",{"id":26,"text":2628,"url":26,"identifiers":2629},"Schmidt, H. et al. Transport properties of monolayer MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition. Nano Lett. 14, 1909–1913 (2014).",{"doi":2630},"10.1021\u002Fnl4046922",{"id":2632,"createTime":2633,"updateTime":2633,"relativeEntities":2634,"slug":2635,"properties":2636,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":2633,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":2647,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":2648,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":2649,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":2692,"citationCount":2723,"citationInfo":2724,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":2734,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"f9a60179-eb78-4c0f-9774-4efd084fd616","2025-01-30T08:57:13.904+00:00",[],"Promise-and-reality-of-post-lithium-ion-batteries-with-high-energy-densities",{"mag":2637,"keywords":2639,"openalex":2640,"abstract":2642,"title":2643,"doi":2645},{"VOID":2638},"2328134238",{},{"VOID":2641},"W2328134238",{},{"EN":2644},"Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities",{"VOID":2646},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2016.13",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats201613",[2650,2671],{"id":2651,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":2652,"affiliations":2653,"properties":2664},"5987c365-a3d7-45dd-a11c-af252c1d5366",[],[2654],{"id":2655,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":2656,"properties":26},"8f2c7a72-dac8-46b0-914c-c6998ba34e20",{"id":2657,"createTime":2658,"updateTime":2658,"relativeEntities":2659,"slug":2660,"properties":2661,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"64809d36-132c-491d-b867-52c163d3f3c8","2025-01-30T08:57:13.933+00:00",[],"Graduate-School-of-Energy-Environment-Water-and-Sustainability-EEWS-and-KAIST-Institute-NanoCentury-Korea-Advanced-Institute-of-Science-and-Technology-KAIST-291-Daehak-ro-Yuseong-gu-305-701-Daejeon-Republic-of-Korea",{"title":2662},{"EN":2663},"Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS) and KAIST Institute NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 305–701, Daejeon, Republic of Korea",{"openalex":2665,"orcid":2667,"title":2669},{"VOID":2666},"A5091329617",{"VOID":2668},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-8783-0901",{"EN":2670},"Jang Wook Choi",{"id":2672,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":2673,"affiliations":2674,"properties":2685},"3ed96420-04ef-45cc-801a-bc03d8cb2f63",[],[2675],{"id":2676,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":2677,"properties":26},"94221ea5-7be5-45f4-bc59-ea84aa3cf317",{"id":2678,"createTime":2679,"updateTime":2679,"relativeEntities":2680,"slug":2681,"properties":2682,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"70ab8636-3dfb-4b33-858b-5c9c97a2764b","2025-01-30T08:57:13.967+00:00",[],"Department-of-Chemistry-and-Bar-Ilan-Institute-of-Nanotechnology-and-Advanced-Materials-Bar-Ilan-University-Ramat-Gan-5290002-Israel",{"title":2683},{"EN":2684},"Department of Chemistry and Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel",{"openalex":2686,"orcid":2688,"title":2690},{"VOID":2687},"A5069407062",{"VOID":2689},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-8047-9020",{"EN":2691},"Doron Aurbach",{"url":26,"publisher":2693,"properties":2718},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":2694,"slug":663,"properties":2695,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":2701,"manageAffiliations":2702,"indexDatabases":2703,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":2696,"issn":2697,"introduce":2698,"eissn":2699,"title":2700},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[2704,2711],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":2705,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":2710,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":2706,"label":2707,"description":2708,"key":772,"publicationTags":2709,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":2712,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":2717,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":2713,"label":2714,"description":2715,"key":748,"publicationTags":2716,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":2719,"issue":2721},{"VOID":2720},"1",{"VOID":2722},"4",4156,{"total":2723,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":2725},{"2016":204,"2017":2726,"2018":2727,"2019":2728,"2020":2729,"2021":2730,"2022":2731,"2023":2732,"2024":2733},220,423,528,601,631,575,555,549,[2735,2739,2743,2746,2750,2754,2758,2762,2766,2770,2774,2778,2782,2786,2790,2794,2798,2802,2806,2810,2814,2818,2822,2826,2830,2834,2838,2842,2846,2850,2853,2857,2861,2865,2869,2873,2877,2881,2885,2889,2893,2897,2900,2904,2908,2912,2916,2920,2924,2928,2932,2936,2940,2944,2947,2951,2954,2958,2962,2966,2970,2974,2978,2982,2986,2990,2994,2998,3002,3006,3010,3014,3018,3022,3026,3030,3034,3038,3042,3046,3050,3054,3058,3062,3066,3070,3074,3078,3082,3086,3090,3094,3098,3102,3105,3109,3113,3117,3121,3125,3129,3133,3137,3141,3145,3149,3153,3157,3161,3165,3169,3173,3177,3181,3184,3188,3192,3196,3200,3204,3208,3212,3215,3219,3223,3226,3230,3233,3237,3241,3245,3249,3253,3257,3261,3265,3269,3273,3277,3281,3285,3289,3293,3297,3301,3305,3309,3313,3317,3321,3325,3329,3333,3337,3340,3344,3347,3351,3355,3359,3363,3367,3371,3375,3379,3383,3387,3391,3395,3399,3403,3407,3411,3415,3419,3423,3427,3431,3435,3439,3443,3447,3451,3455,3459,3463,3467,3471,3475,3479,3483,3487,3491,3495,3499,3503,3507,3511,3515,3519,3523,3527,3531,3535,3539,3543,3547,3551,3555,3559,3563,3567,3571,3575,3579,3583,3586,3588,3592,3596,3600,3604,3608,3612,3616,3620],{"id":26,"text":2736,"url":26,"identifiers":2737},"Tarascon, J. M. & Armand, M. Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature 414, 359–367 (2001).",{"doi":2738},"10.1038\u002F35104644",{"id":26,"text":2740,"url":26,"identifiers":2741},"Etacheri, V., Marom, R., Elazari, R., Salitra, G. & Aurbach, D. Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 3243–3262 (2011).",{"doi":2742},"10.1039\u002Fc1ee01598b",{"id":26,"text":2744,"url":26,"identifiers":2745},"International Energy Agency. Global EV outlook. Understanding the electric vehicle landscape to 2020 (IEA, 2013).",{},{"id":26,"text":2747,"url":26,"identifiers":2748},"Armand, M. & Tarascon, J. M. Building better batteries. Nature 451, 652–657 (2008).",{"doi":2749},"10.1038\u002F451652a",{"id":26,"text":2751,"url":26,"identifiers":2752},"Bruce, P. G., Freunberger, S. A., Hardwick, L. J. & Tarascon, J.-M. Li–O2 and Li–S batteries with high energy storage. Nat. Mater. 11, 19–29 (2012). The operating principles, advantages and remaining issues of Li–S and Li–O2 batteries are comprehensively reviewed in this article.",{"doi":2753},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3191",{"id":26,"text":2755,"url":26,"identifiers":2756},"Cabana, J., Monconduit, L., Larcher, D. & Palacín, M. R. Beyond intercalation-based Li-ion batteries: the state of the art and challenges of electrode materials reacting through conversion reactions. Adv. Mater. 22, E170–E192 (2010).",{"doi":2757},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201000717",{"id":26,"text":2759,"url":26,"identifiers":2760},"Dunn, B., Kamath, H. & Tarascon, J.-M. Electrical energy storage for the grid: a battery of choices. Science 334, 928–935 (2011).",{"doi":2761},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1212741",{"id":26,"text":2763,"url":26,"identifiers":2764},"Goodenough, J. B. & Kim, Y. Challenges for rechargeable Li batteries. Chem. Mater. 22, 587–603 (2010).",{"doi":2765},"10.1021\u002Fcm901452z",{"id":26,"text":2767,"url":26,"identifiers":2768},"Thackeray, M. M., Wolverton, C. & Isaacs, E. D. Electrical energy storage for transportation—approaching the limits of, and going beyond, lithium-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 7854–7863 (2012).",{"doi":2769},"10.1039\u002Fc2ee21892e",{"id":26,"text":2771,"url":26,"identifiers":2772},"Duduta, M. et al. Semi-solid lithium rechargeable flow battery. Adv. Energy Mater. 1, 511–516 (2011).",{"doi":2773},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201100152",{"id":26,"text":2775,"url":26,"identifiers":2776},"Howard, W. F. & Spotnitz, R. M. Theoretical evaluation of high-energy lithium metal phosphate cathode materials in Li-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 165, 887–891 (2007).",{"doi":2777},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2006.12.046",{"id":26,"text":2779,"url":26,"identifiers":2780},"Yazami, R. & Touzain, P. A reversible graphite–lithium negative electrode for electrochemical generators. J. Power Sources 9, 365–371 (1983).",{"doi":2781},"10.1016\u002F0378-7753(83)87040-2",{"id":26,"text":2783,"url":26,"identifiers":2784},"Winter, M., Besenhard, J. O., Spahr, M. E. & Novák, P. Insertion electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. Adv. Mater. 10, 725–763 (1998).",{"doi":2785},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1521-4095(199807)10:10\u003C725::AID-ADMA725>3.0.CO;2-Z",{"id":26,"text":2787,"url":26,"identifiers":2788},"Huggins, R. A. Lithium alloy negative electrodes. J. Power Sources 81–82, 13–19 (1999).",{"doi":2789},"10.1016\u002FS0378-7753(99)00124-X",{"id":26,"text":2791,"url":26,"identifiers":2792},"Beaulieu, L. Y., Eberman, K. W., Turner, R. L., Krause, L. J. & Dahn, J. R. Colossal reversible volume changes in lithium alloys. Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 4, A137–A140 (2001).",{"doi":2793},"10.1149\u002F1.1388178",{"id":26,"text":2795,"url":26,"identifiers":2796},"Wu, H. & Cui, Y. Designing nanostructured Si anodes for high energy lithium ion batteries. Nano Today 7, 414–429 (2012). In this article, issues originating from the volume expansion of Si active materials and the solutions based on nanostructural designs are discussed.",{"doi":2797},"10.1016\u002Fj.nantod.2012.08.004",{"id":26,"text":2799,"url":26,"identifiers":2800},"McDowell, M. T., Lee, S. W., Nix, W. D. & Cui, Y. 25th anniversary article: understanding the lithiation of silicon and other alloying anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 25, 4966–4985 (2013).",{"doi":2801},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201301795",{"id":26,"text":2803,"url":26,"identifiers":2804},"Nelson, P. A. et al. High-performance batteries for off-peak energy storage and electric-vehicle propulsion, progress report. (Argonne National Laboratory, 1976).",{"doi":2805},"10.2172\u002F7314119",{"id":26,"text":2807,"url":26,"identifiers":2808},"Sharma, R. A. & Seefurth, R. N. Thermodynamic properties of the lithium–silicon system. J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 1763–1768 (1976).",{"doi":2809},"10.1149\u002F1.2132692",{"id":26,"text":2811,"url":26,"identifiers":2812},"Seefurth, R. N. & Sharma, R. A. Investigation of lithium utilization from a lithium–silicon electrode. J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 1207–1214 (1977).",{"doi":2813},"10.1149\u002F1.2133529",{"id":26,"text":2815,"url":26,"identifiers":2816},"Wilson, A. M. & Dahn, J. R. Lithium insertion in carbons containing nanodispersed silicon. J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 326–332 (1995).",{"doi":2817},"10.1149\u002F1.2043994",{"id":26,"text":2819,"url":26,"identifiers":2820},"Yu, Y. et al. Reversible storage of lithium in silver-coated three-dimensional macroporous silicon. Adv. Mater. 22, 2247–2250 (2010).",{"doi":2821},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200903755",{"id":26,"text":2823,"url":26,"identifiers":2824},"Hwang, T. H., Lee, Y. M., Kong, B.-S., Seo, J.-S. & Choi, J. W. Electrospun core–shell fibers for robust silicon nanoparticle-based lithium ion battery anodes. Nano Lett. 12, 802–807 (2012).",{"doi":2825},"10.1021\u002Fnl203817r",{"id":26,"text":2827,"url":26,"identifiers":2828},"Liu, N. et al. A yolk-shell design for stabilized and scalable Li-ion battery alloy anodes. Nano Lett. 12, 3315–3321 (2012).",{"doi":2829},"10.1021\u002Fnl3014814",{"id":26,"text":2831,"url":26,"identifiers":2832},"Jung, D. S., Hwang, T. H., Park, S. B. & Choi, J. W. Spray drying method for large-scale and high-performance silicon negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries. Nano Lett. 13, 2092–2097 (2013).",{"doi":2833},"10.1021\u002Fnl400437f",{"id":26,"text":2835,"url":26,"identifiers":2836},"Son, I. H. et al. Silicon carbide-free graphene growth on silicon for lithium-ion battery with high volumetric energy density. Nat. Commun. 6, 7393 (2015).",{"doi":2837},"10.1038\u002Fncomms8393",{"id":26,"text":2839,"url":26,"identifiers":2840},"Koo, B. et al. A highly cross-linked polymeric binder for high-performance silicon negative electrodes in lithium ion batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51, 8762–8767 (2012).",{"doi":2841},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201201568",{"id":26,"text":2843,"url":26,"identifiers":2844},"Kwon, T.-w. et al. Systematic molecular-level design of binders incorporating meldrum's acid for silicon anodes in lithium rechargeable batteries. Adv. Mater. 26, 7979–7985 (2014).",{"doi":2845},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201402950",{"id":26,"text":2847,"url":26,"identifiers":2848},"Wang, C. et al. Self-healing chemistry enables the stable operation of silicon microparticle anodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Chem. 5, 1042–1048 (2013).",{"doi":2849},"10.1038\u002Fnchem.1802",{"id":26,"text":2851,"url":26,"identifiers":2852},"Chen, Z. et al. High-areal-capacity silicon electrodes with low-cost silicon particles based on spatial control of self-healing binder. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1401826 (2015).",{},{"id":26,"text":2854,"url":26,"identifiers":2855},"Li, J., Lewis, R. B. & Dahn, J. R. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: a potential binder for Si negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries. Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 10, A17–A20 (2007).",{"doi":2856},"10.1149\u002F1.2398725",{"id":26,"text":2858,"url":26,"identifiers":2859},"Kovalenko, I. et al. A major constituent of brown algae for use in high-capacity Li-ion batteries. Science 334, 75–79 (2011).",{"doi":2860},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1209150",{"id":26,"text":2862,"url":26,"identifiers":2863},"Murase, M. et al. Crop-derived polysaccharides as binders for high-capacity silicon\u002Fgraphite-based electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. ChemSusChem 5, 2307–2311 (2012).",{"doi":2864},"10.1002\u002Fcssc.201200650",{"id":26,"text":2866,"url":26,"identifiers":2867},"Jeong, Y. K. et al. Hyperbranched β-cyclodextrin polymer as an effective multidimensional binder for silicon anodes in lithium rechargeable batteries. Nano Lett. 14, 864–870 (2014).",{"doi":2868},"10.1021\u002Fnl404237j",{"id":26,"text":2870,"url":26,"identifiers":2871},"Jeong, Y. K. et al. Millipede-inspired structural design principle for high performance polysaccharide binders in silicon anodes. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 1224–1230 (2015).",{"doi":2872},"10.1039\u002FC5EE00239G",{"id":26,"text":2874,"url":26,"identifiers":2875},"Liu, G. et al. Polymers with tailored electronic structure for high capacity lithium battery electrodes. Adv. Mater. 23, 4679–4683 (2011).",{"doi":2876},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201102421",{"id":26,"text":2878,"url":26,"identifiers":2879},"Wu, H. et al. Stable Li-ion battery anodes by in situ polymerization of conducting hydrogel to conformally coat silicon nanoparticles. Nat. Commun. 4, 1943 (2013).",{"doi":2880},"10.1038\u002Fncomms2941",{"id":26,"text":2882,"url":26,"identifiers":2883},"Erickson, E. M. et al. Review — development of advanced rechargeable batteries: a continuous challenge in the choice of suitable electrolyte solutions. J. Electrochem. Soc. 162, A2424–A2438 (2015).",{"doi":2884},"10.1149\u002F2.0051514jes",{"id":26,"text":2886,"url":26,"identifiers":2887},"Etacheri, V. et al. Exceptional electrochemical performance of Si nanowires in 1,3-dioxolane solutions: a surface chemical investigation. Langmuir 28, 6175–6184 (2012).",{"doi":2888},"10.1021\u002Fla300306v",{"id":26,"text":2890,"url":26,"identifiers":2891},"Markevich, E. et al. Amorphous columnar silicon anodes for advanced high voltage lithium ion full cells: dominant factors governing cycling performance. J. Electrochem. Soc. 160, A1824–A1833 (2013).",{"doi":2892},"10.1149\u002F2.085310jes",{"id":26,"text":2894,"url":26,"identifiers":2895},"Markevich, E. et al. High performance of thick amorphous columnar monolithic film silicon anodes in ionic liquid electrolytes at elevated temperature. RSC Adv. 4, 48572–48575 (2014).",{"doi":2896},"10.1039\u002FC4RA09413A",{"id":26,"text":2898,"url":26,"identifiers":2899},"Fukuoka, H., Aramata, M. & Miyawaki, S. Method for producing SiOx (x &lt; 1). US Patent 0254102 (2007).",{},{"id":26,"text":2901,"url":26,"identifiers":2902},"DeWet Erasmus, H. & Persson, J. A. Preparation and properties of silicon monoxide. J. Electrochem. Soc. 95, 316–318 (1949).",{"doi":2903},"10.1149\u002F1.2776761",{"id":26,"text":2905,"url":26,"identifiers":2906},"Park, E. et al. Dual-size silicon nanocrystal-embedded SiOx nanocomposite as a high-capacity lithium storage material. ACS Nano 9, 7690–7696 (2015).",{"doi":2907},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b03166",{"id":26,"text":2909,"url":26,"identifiers":2910},"Doh, C.-H. et al. A new SiO\u002FC anode composition for lithium-ion battery. J. Power Sources 179, 367–370 (2008).",{"doi":2911},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2007.12.074",{"id":26,"text":2913,"url":26,"identifiers":2914},"Zhao, J. et al. Dry-air-stable lithium silicide–lithium oxide core–shell nanoparticles as high-capacity prelithiation reagents. Nat. Commun. 5, 5088 (2014).",{"doi":2915},"10.1038\u002Fncomms6088",{"id":26,"text":2917,"url":26,"identifiers":2918},"Liu, N., Hu, L., McDowell, M. T., Jackson, A. & Cui, Y. Prelithiated silicon nanowires as an anode for lithium ion batteries. ACS Nano 5, 6487–6493 (2011).",{"doi":2919},"10.1021\u002Fnn2017167",{"id":26,"text":2921,"url":26,"identifiers":2922},"Kim, H. J. et al. Controlled prelithiation of silicon monoxide for high performance lithium-ion rechargeable full cells. Nano Lett. 16, 282–288 (2015).",{"doi":2923},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b03776",{"id":26,"text":2925,"url":26,"identifiers":2926},"Miyachi, M., Yamamoto, H., Kawai, H., Ohta, T. & Shirakata, M. Analysis of SiO anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, A2089–A2091 (2005).",{"doi":2927},"10.1149\u002F1.2013210",{"id":26,"text":2929,"url":26,"identifiers":2930},"Komaba, S. et al. Study on polymer binders for high-capacity SiO negative electrode of Li-ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 13487–13495 (2011).",{"doi":2931},"10.1021\u002Fjp201691g",{"id":26,"text":2933,"url":26,"identifiers":2934},"Rossen, E., Jones, C. D. W. & Dahn, J. R. Structure and electrochemistry of LixMnyNi1−yO2 . Solid State Ionics 57, 311–318 (1992).",{"doi":2935},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(92)90164-K",{"id":26,"text":2937,"url":26,"identifiers":2938},"Rossouw, M. H., Liles, D. C. & Thackeray, M. M. Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel layered lithium manganese oxide, Li0.36Mn0.91O2, and its lithiated derivative, Li1.09Mn0.91O2 . J. Solid State Chem. 104, 464–466 (1993).",{"doi":2939},"10.1006\u002Fjssc.1993.1182",{"id":26,"text":2941,"url":26,"identifiers":2942},"Chikkannanavar, S. B., Bernardi, D. M. & Liu, L. A review of blended cathode materials for use in Li-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 248, 91–100 (2014).",{"doi":2943},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2013.09.052",{"id":26,"text":2945,"url":26,"identifiers":2946},"Jung, S.-K. et al. Understanding the degradation mechanisms of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode material in lithium ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 4, 1300787 (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":2948,"url":26,"identifiers":2949},"Chen, C. H. et al. Aluminum-doped lithium nickel cobalt oxide electrodes for high-power lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 128, 278–285 (2004).",{"doi":2950},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2003.10.009",{"id":26,"text":2952,"url":26,"identifiers":2953},"Manthiram, A., Knight, J. C., Myung, S.-T., Oh, S.-M. & Sun, Y.-K. Nickel-rich and lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes: progress and perspectives. Adv. Energy Mater. 6, 1501010 (2015). This article addresses key challenges in the synthesis and battery operation of high-capacity layered oxide cathodes and outlines future research directions.",{},{"id":26,"text":2955,"url":26,"identifiers":2956},"Liu, W. et al. Nickel-rich layered lithium transition-metal oxide for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 54, 4440–4457 (2015).",{"doi":2957},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201409262",{"id":26,"text":2959,"url":26,"identifiers":2960},"Lin, F. et al. Surface reconstruction and chemical evolution of stoichiometric layered cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 5, 3529 (2014).",{"doi":2961},"10.1038\u002Fncomms4529",{"id":26,"text":2963,"url":26,"identifiers":2964},"Johnson, C. S., Li, N., Lefief, C., Vaughey, J. T. & Thackeray, M. M. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemistry of lithium battery electrodes: xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMn0.333Ni0.333Co0.333O2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7). Chem. Mater. 20, 6095–6106 (2008).",{"doi":2965},"10.1021\u002Fcm801245r",{"id":26,"text":2967,"url":26,"identifiers":2968},"Lee, K.-S., Myung, S.-T., Amine, K., Yashiro, H. & Sun, Y.-K. Structural and electrochemical properties of layered Li[Ni1−2 x CoxMnx]O2 (x = 0.1–0.3) positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 154, A971–A977 (2007).",{"doi":2969},"10.1149\u002F1.2769831",{"id":26,"text":2971,"url":26,"identifiers":2972},"Nayak, P. K., Grinblat, J., Levi, M., Markovsky, B. & Aurbach, D. Structural and electrochemical evidence of layered to spinel phase transformation of Li and Mn rich layered cathode materials of the formulae xLi[Li1\u002F3Mn2\u002F3]O2·(1−x)LiMn1\u002F3Ni1\u002F3Co1\u002F3O2 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) upon cycling. J. Electrochem. Soc. 161, A1534–A1547 (2014).",{"doi":2973},"10.1149\u002F2.0101410jes",{"id":26,"text":2975,"url":26,"identifiers":2976},"Haik, O. et al. On the surface chemistry of LiMO2 cathode materials (M = [MnNi] and [MnNiCo]): electrochemical, spectroscopic, and calorimetric studies. J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A1099–A1107 (2010).",{"doi":2977},"10.1149\u002F1.3474222",{"id":26,"text":2979,"url":26,"identifiers":2980},"Kam, K. C., Mehta, A., Heron, J. T. & Doeff, M. M. Electrochemical and physical properties of Ti-substituted layered nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode materials. J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A1383–A1392 (2012).",{"doi":2981},"10.1149\u002F2.060208jes",{"id":26,"text":2983,"url":26,"identifiers":2984},"Karan, N. et al. Structural characteristics and electrochemical performance of layered Li[Mn0.5−xCr2xNi0.5−x]O2 cathode materials. J. Power Sources 187, 586–590 (2009).",{"doi":2985},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2008.11.061",{"id":26,"text":2987,"url":26,"identifiers":2988},"Kim, J. & Amine, K. A comparative study on the substitution of divalent, trivalent and tetravalent metal ions in LiNi1− xMxO2 (M = Cu2+, Al3+ and Ti4+). J. Power Sources 104, 33–39 (2002).",{"doi":2989},"10.1016\u002FS0378-7753(01)00900-4",{"id":26,"text":2991,"url":26,"identifiers":2992},"Kim, H.-B. et al. Electrochemical and thermal characterization of AlF3-coated Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05]O2 cathode in lithium-ion cells. J. Power Sources 179, 347–350 (2008).",{"doi":2993},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2007.12.109",{"id":26,"text":2995,"url":26,"identifiers":2996},"West, W. et al. Electrochemical behavior of layered solid solution Li2MnO3−LiMO2 (M = Ni, Mn, Co) Li-ion cathodes with and without alumina coatings. J. Electrochem. Soc. 158, A883–A889 (2011).",{"doi":2997},"10.1149\u002F1.3597319",{"id":26,"text":2999,"url":26,"identifiers":3000},"Zhang, X. et al. Structural and electrochemical study of Al2O3 and TiO2 coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 cathode material using ALD. Adv. Energy Mater. 3, 1299–1307 (2013).",{"doi":3001},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201300269",{"id":26,"text":3003,"url":26,"identifiers":3004},"Cho, J., Kim, H. & Park, B. Comparison of overcharge behavior of AlPO4-coated LiCoO2 and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode materials in Li-ion cells. J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, A1707–A1711 (2004).",{"doi":3005},"10.1149\u002F1.1790511",{"id":26,"text":3007,"url":26,"identifiers":3008},"Ma, X., Wang, C., Han, X. & Sun, J. Effect of AlPO4 coating on the electrochemical properties of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathode material. J. Alloys Compd. 453, 352–355 (2008).",{"doi":3009},"10.1016\u002Fj.jallcom.2006.11.087",{"id":26,"text":3011,"url":26,"identifiers":3012},"Liu, J., Wang, Q., Reeja-Jayan, B. & Manthiram, A. Carbon-coated high capacity layered Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 cathodes. Electrochem. Commun. 12, 750–753 (2010).",{"doi":3013},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2010.03.024",{"id":26,"text":3015,"url":26,"identifiers":3016},"Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, B., Wang, Z. & Lu, C. An approach to application for LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material at high cutoff voltage by TiO2 coating. J. Power Sources 256, 20–27 (2014).",{"doi":3017},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2014.01.061",{"id":26,"text":3019,"url":26,"identifiers":3020},"Zheng, J., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Guo, X. & Yang, Y. The effects of TiO2 coating on the electrochemical performance of Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 cathode material for lithium-ion battery. Solid State Ionics 179, 1794–1799 (2008).",{"doi":3021},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssi.2008.01.091",{"id":26,"text":3023,"url":26,"identifiers":3024},"Cho, Y., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Hong, T. & Cho, J. Spinel-layered core–shell cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 1, 821–828 (2011).",{"doi":3025},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201100239",{"id":26,"text":3027,"url":26,"identifiers":3028},"Wu, F. et al. Ultrathin spinel membrane-encapsulated layered lithium-rich cathode material for advanced Li-ion batteries. Nano Lett. 14, 3550–3555 (2014).",{"doi":3029},"10.1021\u002Fnl501164y",{"id":26,"text":3031,"url":26,"identifiers":3032},"Sun, Y.-K. et al. Nanostructured high-energy cathode materials for advanced lithium batteries. Nat. Mater. 11, 942–947 (2012).",{"doi":3033},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3435",{"id":26,"text":3035,"url":26,"identifiers":3036},"Whittingham, M. S. Electrical energy storage and intercalation chemistry. Science 192, 1126–1127 (1976).",{"doi":3037},"10.1126\u002Fscience.192.4244.1126",{"id":26,"text":3039,"url":26,"identifiers":3040},"Aurbach, D., Zinigrad, E., Cohen, Y. & Teller, H. A short review of failure mechanisms of lithium metal and lithiated graphite anodes in liquid electrolyte solutions. Solid State Ionics 148, 405–416 (2002).",{"doi":3041},"10.1016\u002FS0167-2738(02)00080-2",{"id":26,"text":3043,"url":26,"identifiers":3044},"Xu, W. et al. Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 513–537 (2014). The factors that affect undesirable dendrite growth and poor Coulombic efficiency in Li-metal anodes are summarized in this article, along with recent developments to mitigate the problem.",{"doi":3045},"10.1039\u002FC3EE40795K",{"id":26,"text":3047,"url":26,"identifiers":3048},"Aurbach, D., Zinigrad, E., Teller, H. & Dan, P. Factors which limit the cycle life of rechargeable lithium (metal) batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 147, 1274–1279 (2000).",{"doi":3049},"10.1149\u002F1.1393349",{"id":26,"text":3051,"url":26,"identifiers":3052},"Yu, X., Bates, J. B., Jellison, G. E. & Hart, F. X. A stable thin-film lithium electrolyte: lithium phosphorus oxynitride. J. Electrochem. Soc. 144, 524–532 (1997).",{"doi":3053},"10.1149\u002F1.1837443",{"id":26,"text":3055,"url":26,"identifiers":3056},"Kozen, A. C. et al. Next-generation lithium metal anode engineering via atomic layer deposition. ACS Nano 9, 5884–5892 (2015).",{"doi":3057},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b02166",{"id":26,"text":3059,"url":26,"identifiers":3060},"Lee, H., Lee, D. J., Kim, Y.-J., Park, J.-K. & Kim, H.-T. A simple composite protective layer coating that enhances the cycling stability of lithium metal batteries. J. Power Sources 284, 103–108 (2015).",{"doi":3061},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2015.03.004",{"id":26,"text":3063,"url":26,"identifiers":3064},"Zheng, G. et al. Interconnected hollow carbon nanospheres for stable lithium metal anodes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 618–623 (2014).",{"doi":3065},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.152",{"id":26,"text":3067,"url":26,"identifiers":3068},"Kim, J.-S., Kim, D. W., Jung, H. T. & Choi, J. W. Controlled lithium dendrite growth by a synergistic effect of multilayered graphene coating and an electrolyte additive. Chem. Mater. 27, 2780–2787 (2015).",{"doi":3069},"10.1021\u002Fcm503447u",{"id":26,"text":3071,"url":26,"identifiers":3072},"Ryou, M.-H. et al. Excellent cycle life of lithium-metal anodes in lithium-ion batteries with mussel-inspired polydopamine-coated separators. Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 645–650 (2012).",{"doi":3073},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201100687",{"id":26,"text":3075,"url":26,"identifiers":3076},"Lu, Y., Tu, Z. & Archer, L. A. Stable lithium electrodeposition in liquid and nanoporous solid electrolytes. Nat. Mater. 13, 961–969 (2014).",{"doi":3077},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4041",{"id":26,"text":3079,"url":26,"identifiers":3080},"Aurbach, D. et al. Design of electrolyte solutions for Li and Li-ion batteries: a review. Electrochim. Acta 50, 247–254 (2004).",{"doi":3081},"10.1016\u002Fj.electacta.2004.01.090",{"id":26,"text":3083,"url":26,"identifiers":3084},"Ota, H., Shima, K., Ue, M. & Yamaki, J.-i. Effect of vinylene carbonate as additive to electrolyte for lithium metal anode. Electrochim. Acta 49, 565–572 (2004).",{"doi":3085},"10.1016\u002Fj.electacta.2003.09.010",{"id":26,"text":3087,"url":26,"identifiers":3088},"Lee, Y. M. et al. Effects of triacetoxyvinylsilane as SEI layer additive on electrochemical performance of lithium metal secondary battery. Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 10, A216–A219 (2007).",{"doi":3089},"10.1149\u002F1.2750439",{"id":26,"text":3091,"url":26,"identifiers":3092},"Ding, F. et al. Dendrite-free lithium deposition via self-healing electrostatic shield mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 4450–4456 (2013).",{"doi":3093},"10.1021\u002Fja312241y",{"id":26,"text":3095,"url":26,"identifiers":3096},"Ryou, M.-H., Lee, Y. M., Lee, Y., Winter, M. & Bieker, P. Mechanical surface modification of lithium metal: towards improved Li metal anode performance by directed Li plating. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 834–841 (2015).",{"doi":3097},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201402953",{"id":26,"text":3099,"url":26,"identifiers":3100},"Lee, J. H. et al. Effect of lithium powder size on the performance of lithium-powder\u002Flithium trivanadate secondary batteries shown via impedance analysis. Electrochim. Acta 131, 202–206 (2014).",{"doi":3101},"10.1016\u002Fj.electacta.2014.01.114",{"id":26,"text":3103,"url":26,"identifiers":3104},"Rao, M. L. B. Organic electrolyte cells. US Patent 3413154 (1968).",{},{"id":26,"text":3106,"url":26,"identifiers":3107},"Rauh, R. D., Abraham, K. M., Pearson, G. F., Surprenant, J. K. & Brummer, S. B. Lithium-dissolved sulfur battery with an organic electrolyte. J. Electrochem. Soc. 126, 523–527 (1979).",{"doi":3108},"10.1149\u002F1.2129079",{"id":26,"text":3110,"url":26,"identifiers":3111},"Aurbach, D. et al. On the surface chemical aspects of very high energy density, rechargeable Li–sulfur batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 156, A694–A702 (2009).",{"doi":3112},"10.1149\u002F1.3148721",{"id":26,"text":3114,"url":26,"identifiers":3115},"Elazari, R. et al. Morphological and structural studies of composite sulfur electrodes upon cycling by HRTEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A1131–A1138 (2010).",{"doi":3116},"10.1149\u002F1.3479828",{"id":26,"text":3118,"url":26,"identifiers":3119},"Ji, X. & Nazar, L. F. Advances in Li–S batteries. J. Mater. Chem. 20, 9821–9826 (2010).",{"doi":3120},"10.1039\u002Fb925751a",{"id":26,"text":3122,"url":26,"identifiers":3123},"Yin, Y.-X., Xin, S., Guo, Y.-G. & Wan, L.-J. Lithium–sulfur batteries: electrochemistry, materials, and prospects. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52, 13186–13200 (2013).",{"doi":3124},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201304762",{"id":26,"text":3126,"url":26,"identifiers":3127},"Ji, X., Lee, K. T. & Nazar, L. F. A highly ordered nanostructured carbon–sulphur cathode for lithium–sulphur batteries. Nat. Mater. 8, 500–506 (2009).",{"doi":3128},"10.1038\u002Fnmat2460",{"id":26,"text":3130,"url":26,"identifiers":3131},"Elazari, R., Salitra, G., Garsuch, A., Panchenko, A. & Aurbach, D. Sulfur-impregnated activated carbon fiber cloth as a binder-free cathode for rechargeable Li–S batteries. Adv. Mater. 23, 5641–5644 (2011).",{"doi":3132},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201103274",{"id":26,"text":3134,"url":26,"identifiers":3135},"Evers, S., Yim, T. & Nazar, L. F. Understanding the nature of absorption\u002Fadsorption in nanoporous polysulfide sorbents for the Li–S battery. J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 19653–19658 (2012).",{"doi":3136},"10.1021\u002Fjp304380j",{"id":26,"text":3138,"url":26,"identifiers":3139},"Song, J. et al. Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon promoted chemical adsorption of sulfur and fabrication of high-areal-capacity sulfur cathode with exceptional cycling stability for lithium–sulfur batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 1243–1250 (2014).",{"doi":3140},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201302631",{"id":26,"text":3142,"url":26,"identifiers":3143},"Xin, S. et al. Smaller sulfur molecules promise better lithium–sulfur batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 18510–18513 (2012).",{"doi":3144},"10.1021\u002Fja308170k",{"id":26,"text":3146,"url":26,"identifiers":3147},"Kim, J.-S., Hwang, T. H., Kim, B. G., Min, J. & Choi, J. W. A lithium–sulfur battery with a high areal energy density. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 5359–5367 (2014).",{"doi":3148},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201400935",{"id":26,"text":3150,"url":26,"identifiers":3151},"Chung, W. J. et al. The use of elemental sulfur as an alternative feedstock for polymeric materials. Nat. Chem. 5, 518–524 (2013).",{"doi":3152},"10.1038\u002Fnchem.1624",{"id":26,"text":3154,"url":26,"identifiers":3155},"Nagao, M., Hayashi, A. & Tatsumisago, M. Electrochemical performance of all-solid-state Li\u002FS batteries with sulfur-based composite electrodes prepared by mechanical milling at high temperature. Energy Technol. 1, 186–192 (2013).",{"doi":3156},"10.1002\u002Fente.201200019",{"id":26,"text":3158,"url":26,"identifiers":3159},"Machida, N., Kobayashi, K., Nishikawa, Y. & Shigematsu, T. Electrochemical properties of sulfur as cathode materials in a solid-state lithium battery with inorganic solid electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 175, 247–250 (2004).",{"doi":3160},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssi.2003.11.033",{"id":26,"text":3162,"url":26,"identifiers":3163},"Kinoshita, S., Okuda, K., Machida, N., Naito, M. & Sigematsu, T. All-solid-state lithium battery with sulfur\u002Fcarbon composites as positive electrode materials. Solid State Ionics 256, 97–102 (2014).",{"doi":3164},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssi.2013.12.045",{"id":26,"text":3166,"url":26,"identifiers":3167},"Kobayashi, T. et al. All solid-state battery with sulfur electrode and thio-LISICON electrolyte. J. Power Sources 182, 621–625 (2008).",{"doi":3168},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2008.03.030",{"id":26,"text":3170,"url":26,"identifiers":3171},"Unemoto, A. et al. Development of bulk-type all-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery using LiBH4 electrolyte. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 083901 (2014).",{"doi":3172},"10.1063\u002F1.4893666",{"id":26,"text":3174,"url":26,"identifiers":3175},"Marmorstein, D. et al. Electrochemical performance of lithium\u002Fsulfur cells with three different polymer electrolytes. J. Power Sources 89, 219–226 (2000).",{"doi":3176},"10.1016\u002FS0378-7753(00)00432-8",{"id":26,"text":3178,"url":26,"identifiers":3179},"Ryu, H.-S., Ahn, H.-J., Kim, K.-W., Ahn, J.-H. & Lee, J.-Y. Discharge process of Li\u002FPVdF\u002FS cells at room temperature. J. Power Sources 153, 360–364 (2006).",{"doi":3180},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2005.05.037",{"id":26,"text":3182,"url":26,"identifiers":3183},"Choi, J. W. et al. Microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) polymer electrolytes for lithium\u002Fsulfur cells. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 12, 939–949 (2006).",{},{"id":26,"text":3185,"url":26,"identifiers":3186},"Rao, M., Geng, X., Li, X., Hu, S. & Li, W. Lithium–sulfur cell with combining carbon nanofibers–sulfur cathode and gel polymer electrolyte. J. Power Sources 212, 179–185 (2012).",{"doi":3187},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2012.03.111",{"id":26,"text":3189,"url":26,"identifiers":3190},"Koh, J. Y. et al. Electrochemical reduction mechanism of sulfur particles electrically isolated from carbon cathodes of lithium–sulfur cells. J. Electrochem. Soc. 161, A2117–A2120 (2014).",{"doi":3191},"10.1149\u002F2.0551414jes",{"id":26,"text":3193,"url":26,"identifiers":3194},"Markevich, E. et al. The effect of a solid electrolyte interphase on the mechanism of operation of lithium–sulfur batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 19873–19883 (2015).",{"doi":3195},"10.1039\u002FC5TA04613K",{"id":26,"text":3197,"url":26,"identifiers":3198},"Markevich, E. et al. Fluoroethylene carbonate as an important component in organic carbonate electrolyte solutions for lithium sulfur batteries. Electrochem. Commun. 60, 42–46 (2015).",{"doi":3199},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2015.08.004",{"id":26,"text":3201,"url":26,"identifiers":3202},"Yuan, Z. et al. Hierarchical free-standing carbon-nanotube paper electrodes with ultrahigh sulfur-loading for lithium–sulfur batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 6105–6112 (2014).",{"doi":3203},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201401501",{"id":26,"text":3205,"url":26,"identifiers":3206},"Abraham, K. M. & Jiang, Z. A polymer electrolyte-based rechargeable lithium\u002Foxygen battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 143, 1–5 (1996).",{"doi":3207},"10.1149\u002F1.1836378",{"id":26,"text":3209,"url":26,"identifiers":3210},"Li, Y. & Dai, H. Recent advances in zinc–air batteries. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, 5257–5275 (2014). Detailed effects of cell components in primary and secondary Zn–air batteries on the electrochemical performance are discussed in this article, focusing on the cells' operation principles, technical issues and potential solutions.",{"doi":3211},"10.1039\u002FC4CS00015C",{"id":26,"text":3213,"url":26,"identifiers":3214},"Palmer, N. J. Secondary metal\u002Fair cell. US Patent 3650837 (1972).",{},{"id":26,"text":3216,"url":26,"identifiers":3217},"Shao, Y. et al. Making Li–air batteries rechargeable: material challenges. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 987–1004 (2013).",{"doi":3218},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201200688",{"id":26,"text":3220,"url":26,"identifiers":3221},"Hasegawa, S. et al. Study on lithium\u002Fair secondary batteries — stability of NASICON-type lithium ion conducting glass–ceramics with water. J. Power Sources 189, 371–377 (2009).",{"doi":3222},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2008.08.009",{"id":26,"text":3224,"url":26,"identifiers":3225},"Visco, S. et al. Aqueous and nonaqueous lithium–air batteries enabled by water-stable lithium metal electrodes. J. Solid State Electrochem. 18, 1443–1456 (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":3227,"url":26,"identifiers":3228},"Zhang, T. et al. Li\u002Fpolymer electrolyte\u002Fwater stable lithium-conducting glass ceramics composite for lithium–air secondary batteries with an aqueous electrolyte. J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, A965–A969 (2008).",{"doi":3229},"10.1149\u002F1.2990717",{"id":26,"text":3231,"url":26,"identifiers":3232},"Visco, S. J., Katz, B. D., Nimon, Y. S. & De Jonghe, L. C. Protected active metal electrode and battery cell structures with non-aqueous interlayer architecture. US Patent 7282295 (2007).",{},{"id":26,"text":3234,"url":26,"identifiers":3235},"Kim, B. G. et al. Improved reversibility in lithium–oxygen battery: understanding elementary reactions and surface charge engineering of metal alloy catalyst. Sci. Rep. 4, 4225 (2014).",{"doi":3236},"10.1038\u002Fsrep04225",{"id":26,"text":3238,"url":26,"identifiers":3239},"Freunberger, S. A. et al. The lithium–oxygen battery with ether-based electrolytes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 50, 8609–8613 (2011).",{"doi":3240},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201102357",{"id":26,"text":3242,"url":26,"identifiers":3243},"Ottakam Thotiyl, M. M., Freunberger, S. A., Peng, Z. & Bruce, P. G. The carbon electrode in nonaqueous Li–O2 cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 494–500 (2013).",{"doi":3244},"10.1021\u002Fja310258x",{"id":26,"text":3246,"url":26,"identifiers":3247},"Kim, B. G., Kim, S., Lee, H. & Choi, J. W. Wisdom from the human eye: a synthetic melanin radical scavenger for improved cycle life of Li–O2 battery. Chem. Mater. 26, 4757–4764 (2014).",{"doi":3248},"10.1021\u002Fcm501578v",{"id":26,"text":3250,"url":26,"identifiers":3251},"Peng, Z., Freunberger, S. A., Chen, Y. & Bruce, P. G. A reversible and higher-rate Li–O2 battery. Science 337, 563–566 (2012).",{"doi":3252},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1223985",{"id":26,"text":3254,"url":26,"identifiers":3255},"Harding, J. R., Lu, Y.-C., Tsukada, Y. & Shao-Horn, Y. Evidence of catalyzed oxidation of Li2O2 for rechargeable Li–air battery applications. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 10540–10546 (2012).",{"doi":3256},"10.1039\u002Fc2cp41761h",{"id":26,"text":3258,"url":26,"identifiers":3259},"Li, F. et al. Ru\u002FITO: a carbon-free cathode for nonaqueous Li–O2 battery. Nano Lett. 13, 4702–4707 (2013).",{"doi":3260},"10.1021\u002Fnl402213h",{"id":26,"text":3262,"url":26,"identifiers":3263},"Lu, J. et al. A nanostructured cathode architecture for low charge overpotential in lithium–oxygen batteries. Nat. Commun. 4, 2383 (2013).",{"doi":3264},"10.1038\u002Fncomms3383",{"id":26,"text":3266,"url":26,"identifiers":3267},"Débart, A., Paterson, A. J., Bao, J. & Bruce, P. G. α-MnO2 nanowires: a catalyst for the O2 electrode in rechargeable lithium batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 47, 4521–4524 (2008).",{"doi":3268},"10.1002\u002Fanie.200705648",{"id":26,"text":3270,"url":26,"identifiers":3271},"Black, R., Lee, J.-H., Adams, B., Mims, C. A. & Nazar, L. F. The role of catalysts and peroxide oxidation in lithium–oxygen batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52, 392–396 (2013).",{"doi":3272},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201205354",{"id":26,"text":3274,"url":26,"identifiers":3275},"Shang, C. et al. Compatible interface design of CoO-based Li–O2 battery cathodes with long-cycling stability. Sci. Rep. 5, 8335 (2015).",{"doi":3276},"10.1038\u002Fsrep08335",{"id":26,"text":3278,"url":26,"identifiers":3279},"McCloskey, B. D. et al. On the efficacy of electrocatalysis in nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 18038–18041 (2011).",{"doi":3280},"10.1021\u002Fja207229n",{"id":26,"text":3282,"url":26,"identifiers":3283},"Grande, L. et al. The lithium\u002Fair battery: still an emerging system or a practical reality? Adv. Mater. 27, 784–800 (2015).",{"doi":3284},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201403064",{"id":26,"text":3286,"url":26,"identifiers":3287},"Adams, B. D. et al. Current density dependence of peroxide formation in the Li–O2 battery and its effect on charge. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 1772–1778 (2013).",{"doi":3288},"10.1039\u002Fc3ee40697k",{"id":26,"text":3290,"url":26,"identifiers":3291},"Chen, Y., Freunberger, S. A., Peng, Z., Fontaine, O. & Bruce, P. G. Charging a Li–O2 battery using a redox mediator. Nat. Chem. 5, 489–494 (2013).",{"doi":3292},"10.1038\u002Fnchem.1646",{"id":26,"text":3294,"url":26,"identifiers":3295},"Lim, H.-D. et al. Superior rechargeability and efficiency of lithium–oxygen batteries: hierarchical air electrode architecture combined with a soluble catalyst. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53, 3926–3931 (2014).",{"doi":3296},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201400711",{"id":26,"text":3298,"url":26,"identifiers":3299},"Freunberger, S. A. et al. Reactions in the rechargeable lithium–O2 battery with alkyl carbonate electrolytes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 8040–8047 (2011).",{"doi":3300},"10.1021\u002Fja2021747",{"id":26,"text":3302,"url":26,"identifiers":3303},"Xu, D. Wang, Z.-l., Xu, J.-j., Zhang, L.-l. & Zhang, X.-b. Novel DMSO-based electrolyte for high performance rechargeable Li–O2 batteries. Chem. Commun. 48, 6948–6950 (2012).",{"doi":3304},"10.1039\u002Fc2cc32844e",{"id":26,"text":3306,"url":26,"identifiers":3307},"Sharon, D. et al. On the challenge of electrolyte solutions for Li–air batteries: monitoring oxygen reduction and related reactions in polyether solutions by spectroscopy and EQCM. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 127–131 (2013).",{"doi":3308},"10.1021\u002Fjz3017842",{"id":26,"text":3310,"url":26,"identifiers":3311},"Sharon, D. et al. Oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide solutions by electrochemical reduction of oxygen. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 3115–3119 (2013).",{"doi":3312},"10.1021\u002Fjz4017188",{"id":26,"text":3314,"url":26,"identifiers":3315},"Sharon, D. et al. Lithium–oxygen electrochemistry in non-aqueous solutions. Isr. J. Chem. 55, 508–520 (2015).",{"doi":3316},"10.1002\u002Fijch.201400135",{"id":26,"text":3318,"url":26,"identifiers":3319},"Kwak, W.-J. et al. Understanding the behavior of Li–oxygen cells containing LiI. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 8855–8864 (2015).",{"doi":3320},"10.1039\u002FC5TA01399B",{"id":26,"text":3322,"url":26,"identifiers":3323},"Ottakam Thotiyl, M. M. et al. A stable cathode for the aprotic Li–O2 battery. Nat. Mater. 12, 1050–1056 (2013).",{"doi":3324},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3737",{"id":26,"text":3326,"url":26,"identifiers":3327},"Kundu, D., Black, R., Berg, E. J. & Nazar, L. F. A highly active nanostructured metallic oxide cathode for aprotic Li–O2 batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 1292–1298 (2015).",{"doi":3328},"10.1039\u002FC4EE02587C",{"id":26,"text":3330,"url":26,"identifiers":3331},"Su, D., Dou, S. & Wang, G. Single crystalline Co3O4 nanocrystals exposed with different crystal planes for Li–O2 batteries. Sci. Rep. 4, 5767 (2014).",{"doi":3332},"10.1038\u002Fsrep05767",{"id":26,"text":3334,"url":26,"identifiers":3335},"Kwak, W.-J. et al. A Mo2C\u002Fcarbon nanotube composite cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries with high energy efficiency and long cycle life. ACS Nano 9, 4129–4137 (2015).",{"doi":3336},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b00267",{"id":26,"text":3338,"url":26,"identifiers":3339},"Li, F. et al. Superior performance of a Li–O2 battery with metallic RuO2 hollow spheres as the carbon-free cathode. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1500294 (2015).",{},{"id":26,"text":3341,"url":26,"identifiers":3342},"Kim, B. G., Lee, J.-N., Lee, D. J., Park, J.-K. & Choi, J. W. Robust cycling of Li–O2 batteries through the synergistic effect of blended electrolytes. ChemSusChem 6, 443–448 (2013).",{"doi":3343},"10.1002\u002Fcssc.201200801",{"id":26,"text":3345,"url":26,"identifiers":3346},"Linden, D. & Reddy, T. B. Handbook of Batteries (McGraw-Hill, 2001).",{},{"id":26,"text":3348,"url":26,"identifiers":3349},"Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Xia, Z. & Dai, L. A metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 444–452 (2015).",{"doi":3350},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.48",{"id":26,"text":3352,"url":26,"identifiers":3353},"Parker, J. F., Chervin, C. N., Nelson, E. S., Rolison, D. R. & Long, J. W. Wiring zinc in three dimensions re-writes battery performance-dendrite-free cycling. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 1117–1124 (2014).",{"doi":3354},"10.1039\u002FC3EE43754J",{"id":26,"text":3356,"url":26,"identifiers":3357},"Müller, S., Haas, O., Schlatter, C. & Comninellis, C. Development of a 100 W rechargeable bipolar zinc\u002Foxygen battery. J. Appl. Electrochem. 28, 305–310 (1998).",{"doi":3358},"10.1023\u002FA:1003267700824",{"id":26,"text":3360,"url":26,"identifiers":3361},"Vorkapic´, L. Ž., Dražic´, D. M. & Despic´, A. R. Corrosion of pure and amalgamated zinc in concentrated alkali hydroxide solutions. J. Electrochem. Soc. 121, 1385–1392 (1974).",{"doi":3362},"10.1149\u002F1.2401695",{"id":26,"text":3364,"url":26,"identifiers":3365},"Lee, C. W., Sathiyanarayanan, K., Eom, S. W. & Yun, M. S. Novel alloys to improve the electrochemical behavior of zinc anodes for zinc\u002Fair battery. J. Power Sources 160, 1436–1441 (2006).",{"doi":3366},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2006.02.019",{"id":26,"text":3368,"url":26,"identifiers":3369},"Ein-Eli, Y., Auinat, M. & Starosvetsky, D. Electrochemical and surface studies of zinc in alkaline solutions containing organic corrosion inhibitors. J. Power Sources 114, 330–337 (2003).",{"doi":3370},"10.1016\u002FS0378-7753(02)00598-0",{"id":26,"text":3372,"url":26,"identifiers":3373},"Cho, Y.-D. & Fey, G. T.-K. Surface treatment of zinc anodes to improve discharge capacity and suppress hydrogen gas evolution. J. Power Sources 184, 610–616 (2008).",{"doi":3374},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2008.04.081",{"id":26,"text":3376,"url":26,"identifiers":3377},"Li, Y. et al. Advanced zinc–air batteries based on high-performance hybrid electrocatalysts. Nat. Commun. 4, 1805 (2013).",{"doi":3378},"10.1038\u002Fncomms2812",{"id":26,"text":3380,"url":26,"identifiers":3381},"Cheng, H.-H. & Tan, C.-S. Reduction of CO2 concentration in a zinc\u002Fair battery by absorption in a rotating packed bed. J. Power Sources 162, 1431–1436 (2006).",{"doi":3382},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2006.07.046",{"id":26,"text":3384,"url":26,"identifiers":3385},"Yabuuchi, N., Kubota, K., Dahbi, M. & Komaba, S. Research development on sodium-ion batteries. Chem. Rev. 114, 11636–11682 (2014). This article details the motivation behind Na-ion batteries and provides a summary of the broad range of their positive and negative electrodes.",{"doi":3386},"10.1021\u002Fcr500192f",{"id":26,"text":3388,"url":26,"identifiers":3389},"Kim, Y., Ha, K. H., Oh, S. M. & Lee, K. T. High-capacity anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Chem. Eur. J. 20, 11980–11992 (2014).",{"doi":3390},"10.1002\u002Fchem.201402511",{"id":26,"text":3392,"url":26,"identifiers":3393},"Delmas, C., Braconnier, J.-J., Fouassier, C. & Hagenmuller, P. Electrochemical intercalation of sodium in NaxCoO2 bronzes. Solid State Ionics 3–4, 165–169 (1981).",{"doi":3394},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(81)90076-X",{"id":26,"text":3396,"url":26,"identifiers":3397},"Yabuuchi, N. et al. P2-type NaxFe1\u002F2Mn1\u002F2O2 made from earth-abundant elements for rechargeable Na batteries. Nat. Mater. 11, 512–517 (2012).",{"doi":3398},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3309",{"id":26,"text":3400,"url":26,"identifiers":3401},"Ong, S. P. et al. Voltage, stability and diffusion barrier differences between sodium-ion and lithium-ion intercalation materials. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 3680–3688 (2011).",{"doi":3402},"10.1039\u002Fc1ee01782a",{"id":26,"text":3404,"url":26,"identifiers":3405},"Yu, C. Y. et al. NaCrO2 cathode for high-rate sodium-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 2019–2026 (2015).",{"doi":3406},"10.1039\u002FC5EE00695C",{"id":26,"text":3408,"url":26,"identifiers":3409},"de la Llave, E. et al. Comparison between Na-ion and Li-ion cells: understanding the critical role of the cathodes stability and the anodes pretreatment on the cells behavior. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 1867–1875 (2015).",{"doi":3410},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b09835",{"id":26,"text":3412,"url":26,"identifiers":3413},"Delmas, C., Cherkaoui, F., Nadiri, A. & Hagenmuller, P. A. NASICON-type phase as intercalation electrode: NaTi2(PO4)3 . Mater. Res. Bull. 22, 631–639 (1987).",{"doi":3414},"10.1016\u002F0025-5408(87)90112-7",{"id":26,"text":3416,"url":26,"identifiers":3417},"Senguttuvan, P., Rousse, G., Seznec, V., Tarascon, J.-M. & Rosa Palacin, M. Na2Ti3O7: lowest voltage ever reported oxide insertion electrode for sodium ion batteries. Chem. Mater. 23, 4109–4111 (2011).",{"doi":3418},"10.1021\u002Fcm202076g",{"id":26,"text":3420,"url":26,"identifiers":3421},"Rudola, A., Saravanan, K., Devaraj, S., Gong, H. & Balaya, P. Na2Ti6O13: a potential anode for grid-storage sodium-ion batteries. Chem. Commun. 49, 7451–7453 (2013).",{"doi":3422},"10.1039\u002Fc3cc44381g",{"id":26,"text":3424,"url":26,"identifiers":3425},"Wu, D. et al. NaTiO2: a layered anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 195–202 (2015).",{"doi":3426},"10.1039\u002FC4EE03045A",{"id":26,"text":3428,"url":26,"identifiers":3429},"Chevrier, V. L. & Ceder, G. Challenges for Na-ion negative electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 158, A1011–A1014 (2011).",{"doi":3430},"10.1149\u002F1.3607983",{"id":26,"text":3432,"url":26,"identifiers":3433},"Baggetto, L. et al. Characterization of sodium ion electrochemical reaction with tin anodes: experiment and theory. J. Power Sources 234, 48–59 (2013).",{"doi":3434},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2013.01.083",{"id":26,"text":3436,"url":26,"identifiers":3437},"Ellis, L. D., Hatchard, T. D. & Obrovac, M. N. Reversible insertion of sodium in tin. J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A1801–A1805 (2012).",{"doi":3438},"10.1149\u002F2.037211jes",{"id":26,"text":3440,"url":26,"identifiers":3441},"Kim, Y. et al. An amorphous red phosphorus\u002Fcarbon composite as a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 25, 3045–3049 (2013).",{"doi":3442},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201204877",{"id":26,"text":3444,"url":26,"identifiers":3445},"Qian, J., Wu, X., Cao, Y., Ai, X. & Yang, H. High capacity and rate capability of amorphous phosphorus for sodium ion batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52, 4633–4636 (2013).",{"doi":3446},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201209689",{"id":26,"text":3448,"url":26,"identifiers":3449},"Li, W.-J., Chou, S.-L., Wang, J.-Z., Liu, H.-K. & Dou, S.-X. Simply mixed commercial red phosphorus and carbon nanotube composite with exceptionally reversible sodium-ion storage. Nano Lett. 13, 5480–5484 (2013).",{"doi":3450},"10.1021\u002Fnl403053v",{"id":26,"text":3452,"url":26,"identifiers":3453},"Darwiche, A. et al. Better cycling performances of bulk Sb in Na-ion batteries compared to Li-ion systems: an unexpected electrochemical mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 10179–10179 (2013).",{"doi":3454},"10.1021\u002Fja4056195",{"id":26,"text":3456,"url":26,"identifiers":3457},"Baggetto, L. et al. Intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Sb electrodes for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries: experiment and theory. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 7985–7994 (2013).",{"doi":3458},"10.1039\u002Fc3ta11568b",{"id":26,"text":3460,"url":26,"identifiers":3461},"He, M., Kraychyk, K., Walter, M. & Kovalenko, M. V. Monodisperse antimony nanocrystals for high-rate Li-ion and Na-ion battery anodes: nano versus bulk. Nano Lett. 14, 1255–1262 (2014).",{"doi":3462},"10.1021\u002Fnl404165c",{"id":26,"text":3464,"url":26,"identifiers":3465},"Baggetto, L., Keum, J. K., Browning, J. F. & Veith, G. M. Germanium as negative electrode material for sodium-ion batteries. Electrochem. Commun. 34, 41–44 (2013).",{"doi":3466},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2013.05.025",{"id":26,"text":3468,"url":26,"identifiers":3469},"Abel, P. R. et al. Nanocolumnar germanium thin films as a high-rate sodium-ion battery anode material. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 18885–18890 (2013).",{"doi":3470},"10.1021\u002Fjp407322k",{"id":26,"text":3472,"url":26,"identifiers":3473},"Webb, S. A., Baggetto, L., Bridges, C. A. & Veith, G. M. The electrochemical reactions of pure indium with Li and Na: anomalous electrolyte decomposition, benefits of FEC additive, phase transitions and electrode performance. J. Power Sources 248, 1105–1117 (2014).",{"doi":3474},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2013.10.033",{"id":26,"text":3476,"url":26,"identifiers":3477},"Baggetto, L., Marszewski, M., Gorka, J., Jaroniec, M. & Veith, G. M. AlSb thin films as negative electrodes for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 243, 699–705 (2013).",{"doi":3478},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2013.06.074",{"id":26,"text":3480,"url":26,"identifiers":3481},"Baggetto, L., Allcorn, E., Manthiram, A. & Veith, G. M. Cu2Sb thin films as anode for Na-ion batteries. Electrochem. Commun. 27, 168–171 (2013).",{"doi":3482},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2012.11.030",{"id":26,"text":3484,"url":26,"identifiers":3485},"Baggetto, L., Allcorn, E., Unocic, R. R., Manthiram, A. & Veith, G. M. Mo3Sb7 as a very fast anode material for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 11163–11169 (2013).",{"doi":3486},"10.1039\u002Fc3ta12040f",{"id":26,"text":3488,"url":26,"identifiers":3489},"Koo, B. et al. Intercalation of sodium ions into hollow iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem. Mater. 25, 245–252 (2013).",{"doi":3490},"10.1021\u002Fcm303611z",{"id":26,"text":3492,"url":26,"identifiers":3493},"Alcántara, R., Jaraba, M., Lavela, P. & Tirado, J. L. NiCo2O4 spinel: first report on a transition metal oxide for the negative electrode of sodium-ion batteries. Chem. Mater. 14, 2847–2848 (2002).",{"doi":3494},"10.1021\u002Fcm025556v",{"id":26,"text":3496,"url":26,"identifiers":3497},"Su, D., Wang, C., Ahn, H. & Wang, G. Octahedral tin dioxide nanocrystals as high capacity anode materials for Na-ion batteries. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 12543–12550 (2013).",{"doi":3498},"10.1039\u002Fc3cp52037d",{"id":26,"text":3500,"url":26,"identifiers":3501},"Yu, D. Y. W. et al. High-capacity antimony sulphide nanoparticle-decorated graphene composite as anode for sodium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 4, 2922 (2013).",{"doi":3502},"10.1038\u002Fncomms3922",{"id":26,"text":3504,"url":26,"identifiers":3505},"Zhu, C., Mu, X., van Aken, P. A., Yu, Y. & Maier, J. Single-layered ultrasmall nanoplates of MoS2 embedded in carbon nanofibers with excellent electrochemical performance for lithium and sodium storage. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53, 2152–2156 (2014).",{"doi":3506},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201308354",{"id":26,"text":3508,"url":26,"identifiers":3509},"Fullenwarth, J., Darwiche, A., Soares, A., Donnadieu, B. & Monconduit, L. NiP3: a promising negative electrode for Li- and Na-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 2050–2059 (2014).",{"doi":3510},"10.1039\u002FC3TA13976J",{"id":26,"text":3512,"url":26,"identifiers":3513},"Kim, Y. et al. Tin phosphide as a promising anode material for Na-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 26, 4139–4144 (2014).",{"doi":3514},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201305638",{"id":26,"text":3516,"url":26,"identifiers":3517},"Hong, S. Y. et al. Charge carriers in rechargeable batteries: Na ions versus Li ions. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 2067–2081 (2013).",{"doi":3518},"10.1039\u002Fc3ee40811f",{"id":26,"text":3520,"url":26,"identifiers":3521},"Deng, W. et al. A low cost, all-organic Na-ion battery based on polymeric cathode and anode. Sci. Rep. 3, 2671 (2013).",{"doi":3522},"10.1038\u002Fsrep02671",{"id":26,"text":3524,"url":26,"identifiers":3525},"Park, Y. et al. Sodium terephthalate as an organic anode material for sodium ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 24, 3562–3567 (2012).",{"doi":3526},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201201205",{"id":26,"text":3528,"url":26,"identifiers":3529},"Hwang, J.-Y. et al. Radially aligned hierarchical columnar structure as a cathode material for high energy density sodium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 6, 6865 (2015).",{"doi":3530},"10.1038\u002Fncomms7865",{"id":26,"text":3532,"url":26,"identifiers":3533},"Aurbach, D. et al. Progress in rechargeable magnesium battery technology. Adv. Mater. 19, 4260–4267 (2007).",{"doi":3534},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200701495",{"id":26,"text":3536,"url":26,"identifiers":3537},"Yoo, H. D. et al. Mg rechargeable batteries: an on-going challenge. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 2265–2279 (2013). Progress in rechargeable Mg batteries since the original prototype work are reviewed in this article, which focuses on the development of electrolyte solutions and cathode materials.",{"doi":3538},"10.1039\u002Fc3ee40871j",{"id":26,"text":3540,"url":26,"identifiers":3541},"Gregory, T. D., Hoffman, R. J. & Winterton, R. C. Nonaqueous electrochemistry of magnesium: applications to energy storage. J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 775–780 (1990).",{"doi":3542},"10.1149\u002F1.2086553",{"id":26,"text":3544,"url":26,"identifiers":3545},"Aurbach, D. et al. Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Nature 407, 724–727 (2000).",{"doi":3546},"10.1038\u002F35037553",{"id":26,"text":3548,"url":26,"identifiers":3549},"Pour, N., Gofer, Y., Major, D. T. & Aurbach, D. Structural analysis of electrolyte solutions for rechargeable Mg batteries by stereoscopic means and DFT calculations. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 6270–6278 (2011).",{"doi":3550},"10.1021\u002Fja1098512",{"id":26,"text":3552,"url":26,"identifiers":3553},"Doe, R. E. et al. Novel, electrolyte solutions comprising fully inorganic salts with high anodic stability for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Chem. Commun. 50, 243–245 (2014).",{"doi":3554},"10.1039\u002FC3CC47896C",{"id":26,"text":3556,"url":26,"identifiers":3557},"Lv, D. et al. A scientific study of current collectors for Mg batteries in Mg(AlCl2EtBu)2\u002FTHF electrolyte. J. Electrochem. Soc. 160, A351–A355 (2013).",{"doi":3558},"10.1149\u002F2.085302jes",{"id":26,"text":3560,"url":26,"identifiers":3561},"Zhang, R. et al. α-MnO2 as a cathode material for rechargeable Mg batteries. Electrochem. Commun. 23, 110–113 (2012).",{"doi":3562},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2012.07.021",{"id":26,"text":3564,"url":26,"identifiers":3565},"Imamura, D., Miyayama, M., Hibino, M. & Kudo, T. Mg intercalation properties into V2O5 gel\u002Fcarbon composites under high-rate condition. J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, A753–A758 (2003).",{"doi":3566},"10.1149\u002F1.1571531",{"id":26,"text":3568,"url":26,"identifiers":3569},"Nam, K. W. et al. The high performance of crystal water containing manganese birnessite cathodes for magnesium batteries. Nano Lett. 15, 4071–4079 (2015).",{"doi":3570},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b01109",{"id":26,"text":3572,"url":26,"identifiers":3573},"Liang, Y. et al. Rechargeable Mg batteries with graphene-like MoS2 cathode and ultrasmall Mg nanoparticle anode. Adv. Mater. 23, 640–643 (2011).",{"doi":3574},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201003560",{"id":26,"text":3576,"url":26,"identifiers":3577},"Liu, B. et al. Rechargeable Mg-ion batteries based on WSe2 nanowire cathodes. ACS Nano 7, 8051–8058 (2013).",{"doi":3578},"10.1021\u002Fnn4032454",{"id":26,"text":3580,"url":26,"identifiers":3581},"Orikasa, Y. et al. High energy density rechargeable magnesium battery using earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Sci. Rep. 4, 5622 (2014).",{"doi":3582},"10.1038\u002Fsrep05622",{"id":26,"text":3584,"url":26,"identifiers":3585},"Lukatskaya, M. R. et al. Cation intercalation and high volumetric capacitance of two-dimensional titanium carbide. Science 341, 1502–1505 (2013).",{"doi":1481},{"id":26,"text":1487,"url":26,"identifiers":3587},{},{"id":26,"text":3589,"url":26,"identifiers":3590},"Wang, R. Y., Wessells, C. D., Huggins, R. A. & Cui, Y. Highly reversible open framework nanoscale electrodes for divalent ion batteries. Nano Lett. 13, 5748–5752 (2013).",{"doi":3591},"10.1021\u002Fnl403669a",{"id":26,"text":3593,"url":26,"identifiers":3594},"Mizuno, Y. et al. Electrochemical Mg2+ intercalation into a bimetallic CuFe Prussian blue analog in aqueous electrolytes. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 13055–13059 (2013).",{"doi":3595},"10.1039\u002Fc3ta13205f",{"id":26,"text":3597,"url":26,"identifiers":3598},"Gaddum, L. W. & French, H. E. The electrolysis of Grignard solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 49, 1295–1299 (1927).",{"doi":3599},"10.1021\u002Fja01404a020",{"id":26,"text":3601,"url":26,"identifiers":3602},"Kim, H. S. et al. Structure and compatibility of a magnesium electrolyte with a sulphur cathode. Nat. Commun. 2, 427 (2011).",{"doi":3603},"10.1038\u002Fncomms1435",{"id":26,"text":3605,"url":26,"identifiers":3606},"Guo, Y.-s. et al. Boron-based electrolyte solutions with wide electrochemical windows for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 9100–9106 (2012).",{"doi":3607},"10.1039\u002Fc2ee22509c",{"id":26,"text":3609,"url":26,"identifiers":3610},"Shterenberg, I. et al. Evaluation of (CF3SO2)2N− (TFSI) based electrolyte solutions for Mg batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 162, A7118–A7128 (2015).",{"doi":3611},"10.1149\u002F2.0161513jes",{"id":26,"text":3613,"url":26,"identifiers":3614},"Mohtadi, R., Matsui, M., Arthur, T. S. & Hwang, S.-J. Magnesium borohydride: from hydrogen storage to magnesium battery. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51, 9780–9783 (2012).",{"doi":3615},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201204913",{"id":26,"text":3617,"url":26,"identifiers":3618},"Carter, T. J. et al. Boron clusters as highly stable magnesium-battery electrolytes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53, 3173–3177 (2014).",{"doi":3619},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201310317",{"id":26,"text":3621,"url":26,"identifiers":3622},"Tutusaus, O. et al. An efficient halogen-free electrolyte for use in rechargeable magnesium batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 54, 7900–7904(2015).",{"doi":3623},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201412202",{"id":3625,"createTime":3626,"updateTime":3626,"relativeEntities":3627,"slug":3628,"properties":3629,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":3640,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":3641,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":3642,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":3643,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":3769,"citationCount":3799,"citationInfo":3800,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":3810,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"e075ba86-39f9-4816-bc6c-92160ba350e0","2024-10-06T11:39:00.192+00:00",[],"Analysis-of-nanoparticle-delivery-to-tumours",{"mag":3630,"keywords":3632,"openalex":3633,"abstract":3635,"title":3636,"doi":3638},{"VOID":3631},"2344644350",{},{"VOID":3634},"W2344644350",{},{"EN":3637},"Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours",{"VOID":3639},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2016.14","2024-10-06T11:39:00.191+00:00",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats201614",[3644,3665,3686,3703,3720,3735,3750],{"id":3645,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":3646,"affiliations":3647,"properties":3658},"bf4367ca-6159-4529-ad88-6030c7825e2b",[],[3648],{"id":3649,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":3650,"properties":26},"170bfaba-c28e-4e03-a939-0cb0e64d6c51",{"id":3651,"createTime":3652,"updateTime":3652,"relativeEntities":3653,"slug":3654,"properties":3655,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"ca6dd9fc-c52c-4c41-80d9-0796a49c55e5","2024-10-06T11:39:00.207+00:00",[],"Stefan-Wilhelm-Anthony-J-Tavares-Qin-Dai-Seiichi-Ohta-Julie-Audet-and-Warren-C-W-Chan-are-at-the-Institute-of-Biomaterials-and-Biomedical-Engineering-University-of-Toronto-164-College-St-Toronto-Ontario-M5S-3G9-Canada-",{"title":3656},{"EN":3657},"Stefan Wilhelm, Anthony J. Tavares, Qin Dai, Seiichi Ohta, Julie Audet and Warren C. W. Chan are at the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.,",{"openalex":3659,"orcid":3661,"title":3663},{"VOID":3660},"A5057737803",{"VOID":3662},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2167-6221",{"EN":3664},"Stefan Wilhelm",{"id":3666,"sortIndex":135,"researcher":26,"roles":3667,"affiliations":3668,"properties":3679},"f6ef2181-f6f3-4f17-b66a-8ff3e86fac2f",[],[3669],{"id":3670,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":3671,"properties":26},"6edff6b2-f1e8-4b65-8ef4-610e4fbbb56c",{"id":3672,"createTime":3673,"updateTime":3673,"relativeEntities":3674,"slug":3675,"properties":3676,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"cb163329-f14f-4a2e-afea-ee3cea6c2d75","2024-10-06T11:39:00.257+00:00",[],"Julie-Audet-and-Warren-C-W-Chan-are-at-the-Donnelly-Center-for-Cellular-and-Biomolecular-Research-University-of-Toronto-160-College-St-Toronto-Ontario-M5S-3E1-Canada-",{"title":3677},{"EN":3678},"Julie Audet and Warren C. W. Chan are at the Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,",{"openalex":3680,"orcid":3682,"title":3684},{"VOID":3681},"A5012312127",{"VOID":3683},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-5435-4785",{"EN":3685},"Warren C. W. Chan",{"id":3687,"sortIndex":111,"researcher":26,"roles":3688,"affiliations":3689,"properties":3696},"840cd436-70a7-4d62-9c17-681752af3694",[],[3690],{"id":3691,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":3692,"properties":26},"8a13cb87-f52d-4227-a6ca-8753b6f191ac",{"id":3651,"createTime":3652,"updateTime":3652,"relativeEntities":3693,"slug":3654,"properties":3694,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":3695},{"EN":3657},{"openalex":3697,"orcid":3699,"title":3701},{"VOID":3698},"A5034862467",{"VOID":3700},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-5599-6074",{"EN":3702},"Julie Audet",{"id":3704,"sortIndex":59,"researcher":26,"roles":3705,"affiliations":3706,"properties":3713},"67769f70-c22f-41df-b970-cf1d8dbb76ac",[],[3707],{"id":3708,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":3709,"properties":26},"fdc891e3-4831-4091-bc21-e74e977a90d9",{"id":3651,"createTime":3652,"updateTime":3652,"relativeEntities":3710,"slug":3654,"properties":3711,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":3712},{"EN":3657},{"openalex":3714,"orcid":3716,"title":3718},{"VOID":3715},"A5040553729",{"VOID":3717},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4775-8199",{"EN":3719},"Seiichi Ohta",{"id":3721,"sortIndex":114,"researcher":26,"roles":3722,"affiliations":3723,"properties":3730},"f16ef650-1620-4d8f-b5c9-b6ed2d66ef62",[],[3724],{"id":3725,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":3726,"properties":26},"7d60f05a-8d34-4cd7-9dd3-d98b37bc6ac3",{"id":3651,"createTime":3652,"updateTime":3652,"relativeEntities":3727,"slug":3654,"properties":3728,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":3729},{"EN":3657},{"openalex":3731,"title":3733},{"VOID":3732},"A5102202287",{"EN":3734},"Qin Dai",{"id":3736,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":3737,"affiliations":3738,"properties":3745},"9a194925-73a2-4c11-a688-55ac20fdb2d3",[],[3739],{"id":3740,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":3741,"properties":26},"f6967587-61fe-4670-9a92-9b4b969e7c03",{"id":3651,"createTime":3652,"updateTime":3652,"relativeEntities":3742,"slug":3654,"properties":3743,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":3744},{"EN":3657},{"openalex":3746,"title":3748},{"VOID":3747},"A5052032218",{"EN":3749},"Anthony J. Tavares",{"id":3751,"sortIndex":162,"researcher":26,"roles":3752,"affiliations":3753,"properties":3764},"7a9b3ee8-4078-46ec-a063-7941613ccdf3",[],[3754],{"id":3755,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":3756,"properties":26},"6dc064fe-3b20-4592-a435-c46514a05267",{"id":3757,"createTime":3758,"updateTime":3758,"relativeEntities":3759,"slug":3760,"properties":3761,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"93acf951-c0f8-43c3-b44f-38f003adfec3","2024-10-06T11:39:00.245+00:00",[],"Department-of-Pathology-Harold-F-Dvorak-is-at-the-Center-for-Vascular-Biology-Research-Beth-Israel-Deaconess-Medical-Center-and-Harvard-Medical-School-330-Brookline-Ave-Boston-Massachusetts-02215-USA-",{"title":3762},{"EN":3763},"Department of Pathology, Harold F. Dvorak is at the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,",{"openalex":3765,"title":3767},{"VOID":3766},"A5058290100",{"EN":3768},"Harold F. Dvorak",{"url":26,"publisher":3770,"properties":3795},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":3771,"slug":663,"properties":3772,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":3778,"manageAffiliations":3779,"indexDatabases":3780,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":3773,"issn":3774,"introduce":3775,"eissn":3776,"title":3777},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[3781,3788],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":3782,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":3787,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":3783,"label":3784,"description":3785,"key":772,"publicationTags":3786,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":3789,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":3794,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":3790,"label":3791,"description":3792,"key":748,"publicationTags":3793,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":3796,"issue":3797},{"VOID":2720},{"VOID":3798},"5",3953,{"total":3799,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":3801},{"2016":652,"2017":3802,"2018":3803,"2019":3804,"2020":3805,"2021":3806,"2022":3807,"2023":3808,"2024":3809},269,418,521,645,614,564,484,358,[3811,3815,3819,3823,3827,3831,3835,3839,3843,3847,3851,3855,3859,3863,3867,3871,3875,3879,3883,3887,3891,3895,3899,3903,3907,3911,3915,3919,3923,3927,3931,3935,3939,3942,3946,3950,3954,3958,3962,3965,3968,3972,3976,3979,3983,3986,3990,3994,3998,4002,4006,4010,4014,4017,4021,4025,4028,4032,4036,4040,4044,4048,4052,4056,4060,4064,4068,4072,4075,4079,4083,4087,4091,4095,4099,4103,4107,4111,4115,4119,4123,4127,4131,4135,4139,4143,4147,4151,4155,4158,4162,4166,4170,4174,4178,4182,4186,4190,4194,4198,4202,4206,4210,4214,4218,4222,4226,4230,4234,4238,4242,4246,4250,4254,4258,4262,4266,4270,4274,4278,4282,4286],{"id":26,"text":3812,"url":26,"identifiers":3813},"Peer, D. et al. Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2, 751–760 (2007).",{"doi":3814},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2007.387",{"id":26,"text":3816,"url":26,"identifiers":3817},"Rao, W. et al. Chitosan-decorated doxorubicin-encapsulated nanoparticle targets and eliminates tumor reinitiating cancer stem-like cells. ACS Nano 9, 5725–5740 (2015).",{"doi":3818},"10.1021\u002Fnn506928p",{"id":26,"text":3820,"url":26,"identifiers":3821},"Min, Y., Caster, J. M., Eblan, M. J. & Wang, A. Z. Clinical translation of nanomedicine. Chem. Rev. 115, 11147–11190 (2015).",{"doi":3822},"10.1021\u002Facs.chemrev.5b00116",{"id":26,"text":3824,"url":26,"identifiers":3825},"Nel, A. E. et al. Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nano–bio interface. Nat. Mater. 8, 543–557 (2009).",{"doi":3826},"10.1038\u002Fnmat2442",{"id":26,"text":3828,"url":26,"identifiers":3829},"Albanese, A., Tang, P. S. & Chan, W. C. W. The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 14, 1–16 (2012).",{"doi":3830},"10.1146\u002Fannurev-bioeng-071811-150124",{"id":26,"text":3832,"url":26,"identifiers":3833},"Endres, T. et al. Optimising the self-assembly of siRNA loaded PEG–PCL–lPEI nano-carriers employing different preparation techniques. J. Control. Release 160, 583–591 (2012).",{"doi":3834},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2012.04.013",{"id":26,"text":3836,"url":26,"identifiers":3837},"Huang, X., El-Sayed, I. H., Qian, W. & El-Sayed, M. A. Cancer cell imaging and photothermal therapy in the near-infrared region by using gold nanorods. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 2115–2120 (2006).",{"doi":3838},"10.1021\u002Fja057254a",{"id":26,"text":3840,"url":26,"identifiers":3841},"Wolfbeis, O. S. An overview of nanoparticles commonly used in fluorescent bioimaging. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 4743–4768 (2015).",{"doi":3842},"10.1039\u002FC4CS00392F",{"id":26,"text":3844,"url":26,"identifiers":3845},"Attia, M. F. et al. Biodistribution of X-ray iodinated contrast agent in nano-emulsions is controlled by the chemical nature of the oily core. ACS Nano 8, 10537–10550 (2014).",{"doi":3846},"10.1021\u002Fnn503973z",{"id":26,"text":3848,"url":26,"identifiers":3849},"Kircher, M. F. et al. A brain tumor molecular imaging strategy using a new triple-modality MRI-photoacoustic-Raman nanoparticle. Nat. Med. 18, 829–834 (2012).",{"doi":3850},"10.1038\u002Fnm.2721",{"id":26,"text":3852,"url":26,"identifiers":3853},"Guo, X. Shi, C., Wang, J., Di, S. & Zhou, S. pH-triggered intracellular release from actively targeting polymer micelles. Biomaterials 34, 4544–4554 (2013).",{"doi":3854},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2013.02.071",{"id":26,"text":3856,"url":26,"identifiers":3857},"Gao, W., Chan, J. M. & Farokhzad, O. C. pH-responsive nanoparticles for drug delivery. Mol. Pharmaceut. 7, 1913–1920 (2010).",{"doi":3858},"10.1021\u002Fmp100253e",{"id":26,"text":3860,"url":26,"identifiers":3861},"Cheng, R., Meng, F., Deng, C., Klok, H.-A. & Zhong, Z. Dual and multi-stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles for programmed site-specific drug delivery. Biomaterials 34, 3647–3657 (2013).",{"doi":3862},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2013.01.084",{"id":26,"text":3864,"url":26,"identifiers":3865},"Hu, Q., Katti, P. S. & Gu, Z. Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for controlled drug delivery. Nanoscale 6, 12273–12286 (2014).",{"doi":3866},"10.1039\u002FC4NR04249B",{"id":26,"text":3868,"url":26,"identifiers":3869},"de la Rica, R., Aili, D. & Stevens, M. M. Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for drug release and diagnostics. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64, 967–978 (2012).",{"doi":3870},"10.1016\u002Fj.addr.2012.01.002",{"id":26,"text":3872,"url":26,"identifiers":3873},"Chen, F., Ehlerding, E. B. & Cai, W. Theranostic nanoparticles. J. Nucl. Med. 55, 1919–1922 (2014).",{"doi":3874},"10.2967\u002Fjnumed.114.146019",{"id":26,"text":3876,"url":26,"identifiers":3877},"Chen, Q. et al. Drug-induced self-assembly of modified albumins as nano-theranostics for tumor-targeted combination therapy. ACS Nano 9, 5223–5233 (2015).",{"doi":3878},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b00640",{"id":26,"text":3880,"url":26,"identifiers":3881},"Chou, L. Y. T., Zagorovsky, K. & Chan, W. C. W. DNA assembly of nanoparticle superstructures for controlled biological delivery and elimination. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 148–155 (2014).",{"doi":3882},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2013.309",{"id":26,"text":3884,"url":26,"identifiers":3885},"Bae, Y. H. & Park, K. Targeted drug delivery to tumors: myths, reality and possibility. J. Control. Release 153, 198–205 (2011).",{"doi":3886},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2011.06.001",{"id":26,"text":3888,"url":26,"identifiers":3889},"Wang, A. Z., Langer, R. & Farokhzad, O. C. Nanoparticle delivery of cancer drugs. Annu. Rev. Med. 63, 185–198 (2012).",{"doi":3890},"10.1146\u002Fannurev-med-040210-162544",{"id":26,"text":3892,"url":26,"identifiers":3893},"Park, K. Facing the truth about nanotechnology in drug delivery. ACS Nano 7, 7442–7447(2013).",{"doi":3894},"10.1021\u002Fnn404501g",{"id":26,"text":3896,"url":26,"identifiers":3897},"Lazarovits, J., Chen, Y. Y., Sykes, E. A. & Chan, W. C. W. Nanoparticle–blood interactions: the implications on solid tumour targeting. Chem. Commun. 51, 2756–2767 (2015).",{"doi":3898},"10.1039\u002FC4CC07644C",{"id":26,"text":3900,"url":26,"identifiers":3901},"Nichols, J. W. & Bae, Y. H. Odyssey of a cancer nanoparticle: from injection site to site of action. Nano Today 7, 606–618 (2012).",{"doi":3902},"10.1016\u002Fj.nantod.2012.10.010",{"id":26,"text":3904,"url":26,"identifiers":3905},"Jain, R. K. & Stylianopoulos, T. Delivering nanomedicine to solid tumors. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 7, 653–664 (2010).",{"doi":3906},"10.1038\u002Fnrclinonc.2010.139",{"id":26,"text":3908,"url":26,"identifiers":3909},"Florence, A. T. “Targeting” nanoparticles: the constraints of physical laws and physical barriers. J. Control. Release 164, 115–124 (2012).",{"doi":3910},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2012.03.022",{"id":26,"text":3912,"url":26,"identifiers":3913},"Choi, H. S. et al. Renal clearance of quantum dots. Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 1165–1170 (2007).",{"doi":3914},"10.1038\u002Fnbt1340",{"id":26,"text":3916,"url":26,"identifiers":3917},"Liu, J. et al. PEGylation and zwitterionization: pros and cons in the renal clearance and tumor targeting of near-IR-emitting gold nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52, 12572–12576 (2013).",{"doi":3918},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201304465",{"id":26,"text":3920,"url":26,"identifiers":3921},"Liu, J. et al. Passive tumor targeting of renal-clearable luminescent gold nanoparticles: long tumor retention and fast normal tissue clearance. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 4978–4981 (2013).",{"doi":3922},"10.1021\u002Fja401612x",{"id":26,"text":3924,"url":26,"identifiers":3925},"Yu, M. & Zheng, J. Clearance pathways and tumor targeting of imaging nanoparticles. ACS Nano 9, 6655–6674 (2015).",{"doi":3926},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b01320",{"id":26,"text":3928,"url":26,"identifiers":3929},"Dawidczyk, C. M. et al. State-of-the-art in design rules for drug delivery platforms: lessons learned from FDA-approved nanomedicines. J. Control. Release 187, 133–144 (2014).",{"doi":3930},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2014.05.036",{"id":26,"text":3932,"url":26,"identifiers":3933},"Chiou, W. L. Critical evaluation of the potential error in pharmacokinetic studies of using the linear trapezoidal rule method for the calculation of the area under the plasma level-time curve. J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. 6, 539–546 (1978).",{"doi":3934},"10.1007\u002FBF01062108",{"id":26,"text":3936,"url":26,"identifiers":3937},"Sykes, E. A., Chen, J., Zheng, G. & Chan, W. C. W. Investigating the impact of nanoparticle size on active and passive tumor targeting efficiency. ACS Nano 8, 5696–5706 (2014).",{"doi":3938},"10.1021\u002Fnn500299p",{"id":26,"text":3940,"url":26,"identifiers":3941},"Tsai, C.-C. et al. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 188Re-liposomes and their comparative therapeutic efficacy with 5-fluorouracil in C26 colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis mice. Int. J. Nanomed. 6, 2607–2619 (2011).",{},{"id":26,"text":3943,"url":26,"identifiers":3944},"Kukowska-Latallo, J. F. et al. Nanoparticle targeting of anticancer drug improves therapeutic response in animal model of human epithelial cancer. Cancer Res. 65, 5317–5324 (2005).",{"doi":3945},"10.1158\u002F0008-5472.CAN-04-3921",{"id":26,"text":3947,"url":26,"identifiers":3948},"Sadekar, S., Ray, A., Janà t-Amsbury, M., Peterson, C. M. & Ghandehari, H. Comparative biodistribution of PAMAM dendrimers and HPMA copolymers in ovarian-tumor-bearing mice. Biomacromolecules 12, 88–96 (2011).",{"doi":3949},"10.1021\u002Fbm101046d",{"id":26,"text":3951,"url":26,"identifiers":3952},"Reagan-Shaw, S., Nihal, M. & Ahmad, N. Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J. 22, 659–661 (2008).",{"doi":3953},"10.1096\u002Ffj.07-9574LSF",{"id":26,"text":3955,"url":26,"identifiers":3956},"Maeda, H., Nakamura, H. & Fang, J. The EPR effect for macromolecular drug delivery to solid tumors: improvement of tumor uptake, lowering of systemic toxicity, and distinct tumor imaging in vivo. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 65, 71–79 (2013).",{"doi":3957},"10.1016\u002Fj.addr.2012.10.002",{"id":26,"text":3959,"url":26,"identifiers":3960},"Ruoslahti, E., Bhatia, S. N. & Sailor, M. J. Targeting of drugs and nanoparticles to tumors. J. Cell Biol. 188, 759–768 (2010).",{"doi":3961},"10.1083\u002Fjcb.200910104",{"id":26,"text":3963,"url":26,"identifiers":3964},"Dvorak, H. F., Nagy, J. A., Dvorak, J. T. & Dvorak, A. M. Identification and characterization of the blood vessels of solid tumors that are leaky to circulating macromolecules. Am. J. Pathol. 133, 95–109 (1988).",{},{"id":26,"text":3966,"url":26,"identifiers":3967},"Warren, B. A. in Tumor Blood Circulation: Angiogenesis, Vascular Morphology and Blood Flow of Experimental and Human Tumors (ed. Peterson, H.-I. ) 1–47 (CRC Press, 1979).",{},{"id":26,"text":3969,"url":26,"identifiers":3970},"Nagy, J. A. et al. Permeability properties of tumor surrogate blood vessels induced by VEGF-A. Lab. Invest. 86, 767–780 (2006).",{"doi":3971},"10.1038\u002Flabinvest.3700436",{"id":26,"text":3973,"url":26,"identifiers":3974},"Dvorak, H. F. Rous-Whipple Award Lecture. How tumors make bad blood vessels and stroma. Am. J. Pathol. 162, 1747–1757 (2003).",{"doi":3975},"10.1016\u002FS0002-9440(10)64309-X",{"id":26,"text":3977,"url":26,"identifiers":3978},"Dvorak, H. F. in The Endothelium: A Comprehensive Reference (ed. Aird, W. ) 1457–1470 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).",{},{"id":26,"text":3980,"url":26,"identifiers":3981},"Zeng, H. et al. Orphan nuclear receptor TR3\u002FNur77 regulates VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis through its transcriptional activity. J. Exp. Med. 203, 719–729 (2006).",{"doi":3982},"10.1084\u002Fjem.20051523",{"id":26,"text":3984,"url":26,"identifiers":3985},"Paku, S. & Paweletz, N. First steps of tumor-related angiogenesis. Lab. Invest. 65, 334–346 (1991).",{},{"id":26,"text":3987,"url":26,"identifiers":3988},"Nagy, J. A., Benjamin, L., Zeng, H., Dvorak, A. M. & Dvorak, H. F. Vascular permeability, vascular hyperpermeability and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 11, 109–119 (2008).",{"doi":3989},"10.1007\u002Fs10456-008-9099-z",{"id":26,"text":3991,"url":26,"identifiers":3992},"Chang, S. H. et al. VEGF-A induces angiogenesis by perturbing the cathepsin–cysteine protease inhibitor balance in venules, causing basement membrane degradation and mother vessel formation. Cancer Res. 69, 4537–4544 (2009).",{"doi":3993},"10.1158\u002F0008-5472.CAN-08-4539",{"id":26,"text":3995,"url":26,"identifiers":3996},"Nagy, J. A., Chang, S. H., Shih, S. C., Dvorak, A. M. & Dvorak, H. F. Heterogeneity of the tumor vasculature. Semin. Thromb. Hemostasis 36, 321–331 (2010).",{"doi":3997},"10.1055\u002Fs-0030-1253454",{"id":26,"text":3999,"url":26,"identifiers":4000},"Pettersson, A. et al. Heterogeneity of the angiogenic response induced in different normal adult tissues by vascular permeability factor\u002Fvascular endothelial growth factor. Lab. Invest. 80, 99–115 (2000).",{"doi":4001},"10.1038\u002Flabinvest.3780013",{"id":26,"text":4003,"url":26,"identifiers":4004},"Fidler, I. J., Yano, S., Zhang, R. D., Fujimaki, T. & Bucana, C. D. The seed and soil hypothesis: vascularisation and brain metastases. Lancet Oncol. 3, 53–57 (2002).",{"doi":4005},"10.1016\u002FS1470-2045(01)00622-2",{"id":26,"text":4007,"url":26,"identifiers":4008},"Sundberg, C. et al. Glomeruloid microvascular proliferation follows adenoviral vascular permeability factor\u002Fvascular endothelial growth factor-164 gene delivery. Am. J. Pathol. 158, 1145–1160 (2001).",{"doi":4009},"10.1016\u002FS0002-9440(10)64062-X",{"id":26,"text":4011,"url":26,"identifiers":4012},"Nagy, J. A., Shih, S. C., Wong, W. H., Dvorak, A. M. & Dvorak, H. F. Chapter 3. The adenoviral vector angiogenesis\u002Flymphangiogenesis assay. Methods Enzymol. 444, 43–64 (2008).",{"doi":4013},"10.1016\u002FS0076-6879(08)02803-6",{"id":26,"text":4015,"url":26,"identifiers":4016},"Nagy, J. A., Dvorak, A. M. & Dvorak, H. F. Vascular hyperpermeability, angiogenesis, and stroma generation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Med. 2, a006544 (2012).",{},{"id":26,"text":4018,"url":26,"identifiers":4019},"Kobayashi, H., Watanabe, R. & Choyke, P. L. Improving conventional enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects; what is the appropriate target? Theranostics 4, 81–89 (2013).",{"doi":4020},"10.7150\u002Fthno.7193",{"id":26,"text":4022,"url":26,"identifiers":4023},"Prabhakar, U. et al. Challenges and key considerations of the enhanced permeability and retention effect for nanomedicine drug delivery in oncology. Cancer Res. 73, 2412–2417 (2013).",{"doi":4024},"10.1158\u002F0008-5472.CAN-12-4561",{"id":26,"text":4026,"url":26,"identifiers":4027},"Matsumura, Y. & Maeda, H. A. New concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs. Cancer Res. 46, 6387–6392 (1986).",{},{"id":26,"text":4029,"url":26,"identifiers":4030},"Dvorak, H. F. Tumors: wounds that do not heal–redux. Cancer Immunol. Res. 3, 1–11 (2015).",{"doi":4031},"10.1158\u002F2326-6066.CIR-14-0209",{"id":26,"text":4033,"url":26,"identifiers":4034},"Hobbs, S. et al. Regulation of transport pathways in tumor vessels: role of tumor type and microenvironment. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 4607–4612 (1998).",{"doi":4035},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.95.8.4607",{"id":26,"text":4037,"url":26,"identifiers":4038},"Dvorak, A. M. et al. The vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO): a distinct endothelial cell structure that provides a transcellular pathway for macromolecular extravasation. J. Leukocyte Biol. 59, 100–115 (1996).",{"doi":4039},"10.1002\u002Fjlb.59.1.100",{"id":26,"text":4041,"url":26,"identifiers":4042},"Feng, D., Nagy, J. A., Hipp, J., Dvorak, H. F. & Dvorak, A. M. Vesiculo-vacuolar organelles and the regulation of venule permeability to macromolecules by vascular permeability factor, histamine, and serotonin. J. Exp. Med. 183, 1981–1986 (1996).",{"doi":4043},"10.1084\u002Fjem.183.5.1981",{"id":26,"text":4045,"url":26,"identifiers":4046},"Pickup, M. W., Mouw, J. K. & Weaver, V. M. The extracellular matrix modulates the hallmarks of cancer. EMBO Rep. 15, 1243–1253 (2014).",{"doi":4047},"10.15252\u002Fembr.201439246",{"id":26,"text":4049,"url":26,"identifiers":4050},"Box, C., Rogers, S. J., Mendiola, M. & Eccles, S. A. Tumour-microenvironmental interactions: paths to progression and targets for treatment. Semin. Cancer Biol. 20, 128–138 (2010).",{"doi":4051},"10.1016\u002Fj.semcancer.2010.06.004",{"id":26,"text":4053,"url":26,"identifiers":4054},"Eccles, S. A. & Alexander, P. Macrophage content of tumours in relation to metastatic spread and host immune reaction. Nature 250, 667–669 (1974).",{"doi":4055},"10.1038\u002F250667a0",{"id":26,"text":4057,"url":26,"identifiers":4058},"Heldin, C.-H., Rubin, K., Pietras, K. & Ostman, A. High interstitial fluid pressure — an obstacle in cancer therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 4, 806–813 (2004).",{"doi":4059},"10.1038\u002Fnrc1456",{"id":26,"text":4061,"url":26,"identifiers":4062},"Swartz, M. A. & Lund, A. W. Lymphatic and interstitial flow in the tumour microenvironment: linking mechanobiology with immunity. Nat. Rev. Cancer 12, 210–219 (2012).",{"doi":4063},"10.1038\u002Fnrc3186",{"id":26,"text":4065,"url":26,"identifiers":4066},"Perrault, S. D., Walkey, C., Jennings, T., Fischer, H. C. & Chan, W. C. W. Mediating tumor targeting efficiency of nanoparticles through design. Nano Lett. 9, 1909–1915 (2009).",{"doi":4067},"10.1021\u002Fnl900031y",{"id":26,"text":4069,"url":26,"identifiers":4070},"Chauhan, V. P. et al. Fluorescent nanorods and nanospheres for real-time in vivo probing of nanoparticle shape-dependent tumor penetration. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 50, 11417–11420 (2011).",{"doi":4071},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201104449",{"id":26,"text":4073,"url":26,"identifiers":4074},"Yuan, F. et al. Vascular permeability and microcirculation of gliomas and mammary carcinomas transplanted in rat and mouse cranial windows. Cancer Res. 54, 4564–4568 (1994).",{},{"id":26,"text":4076,"url":26,"identifiers":4077},"Albanese, A., Lam, A. K., Sykes, E. A., Rocheleau, J. V. & Chan, W. C. W. Tumour-on-a-chip provides an optical window into nanoparticle tissue transport. Nat. Commun. 4, 2718 (2013).",{"doi":4078},"10.1038\u002Fncomms3718",{"id":26,"text":4080,"url":26,"identifiers":4081},"Huang, X. et al. A reexamination of active and passive tumor targeting by using rod-shaped gold nanocrystals and covalently conjugated peptide ligands. ACS Nano 4, 5887–5896 (2010).",{"doi":4082},"10.1021\u002Fnn102055s",{"id":26,"text":4084,"url":26,"identifiers":4085},"Kunjachan, S. et al. Passive versus active tumor targeting using RGD- and NGR-modified polymeric nanomedicines. Nano Lett. 14, 972–981 (2014).",{"doi":4086},"10.1021\u002Fnl404391r",{"id":26,"text":4088,"url":26,"identifiers":4089},"Choi, C. H. J., Alabi, C. A., Webster, P. & Davis, M. E. Mechanism of active targeting in solid tumors with transferrin-containing gold nanoparticles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 1235–1240 (2010).",{"doi":4090},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0914140107",{"id":26,"text":4092,"url":26,"identifiers":4093},"Gordon, S. & Taylor, P. R. Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5, 953–964 (2005).",{"doi":4094},"10.1038\u002Fnri1733",{"id":26,"text":4096,"url":26,"identifiers":4097},"Fischer, H. C., Hauck, T. S., Gómez-Aristizá bal, A. & Chan, W. C. W. Exploring primary liver macrophages for studying quantum dot interactions with biological systems. Adv. Mater. 22, 2520–2524 (2010).",{"doi":4098},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200904231",{"id":26,"text":4100,"url":26,"identifiers":4101},"Huang, S. et al. In vivo splenic clearance correlates with in vitro deformability of red blood cells from Plasmodium yoelii-infected mice. Infect. Immun. 82, 2532–2541 (2014).",{"doi":4102},"10.1128\u002FIAI.01525-13",{"id":26,"text":4104,"url":26,"identifiers":4105},"Davies, L. C., Jenkins, S. J., Allen, J. E. & Taylor, P. R. Tissue-resident macrophages. Nat. Immunol. 14, 986–995 (2013).",{"doi":4106},"10.1038\u002Fni.2705",{"id":26,"text":4108,"url":26,"identifiers":4109},"Syed, A. & Chan, W. C. W. How nanoparticles interact with cancer cells. Cancer Treat. Res. 166, 227–244 (2015).",{"doi":4110},"10.1007\u002F978-3-319-16555-4_10",{"id":26,"text":4112,"url":26,"identifiers":4113},"Patel, P. C. et al. Scavenger receptors mediate cellular uptake of polyvalent oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Bioconjugate Chem. 21, 2250–2256 (2010).",{"doi":4114},"10.1021\u002Fbc1002423",{"id":26,"text":4116,"url":26,"identifiers":4117},"Wang, H., Wu, L. & Reinhard, B. M. Scavenger receptor mediated endocytosis of silver nanoparticles into J774A.1 macrophages is heterogeneous. ACS Nano 6, 7122–7132 (2012).",{"doi":4118},"10.1021\u002Fnn302186n",{"id":26,"text":4120,"url":26,"identifiers":4121},"Cedervall, T. et al. Understanding the nanoparticle–protein corona using methods to quantify exchange rates and affinities of proteins for nanoparticles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 2050–2055 (2007).",{"doi":4122},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0608582104",{"id":26,"text":4124,"url":26,"identifiers":4125},"Walkey, C. D. & Chan, W. C. W. Understanding and controlling the interaction of nanomaterials with proteins in a physiological environment. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, 2780–2799 (2012).",{"doi":4126},"10.1039\u002FC1CS15233E",{"id":26,"text":4128,"url":26,"identifiers":4129},"Albanese, A. et al. Secreted biomolecules alter the biological identity and cellular interactions of nanoparticles. ACS Nano 8, 5515–5526 (2014).",{"doi":4130},"10.1021\u002Fnn4061012",{"id":26,"text":4132,"url":26,"identifiers":4133},"Walkey, C. D., Olsen, J. B., Guo, H., Emili, A. & Chan, W. C. W. Nanoparticle size and surface chemistry determine serum protein adsorption and macrophage uptake. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 2139–2147 (2012).",{"doi":4134},"10.1021\u002Fja2084338",{"id":26,"text":4136,"url":26,"identifiers":4137},"Walkey, C. D. et al. Protein corona fingerprinting predicts the cellular interaction of gold and silver nanoparticles. ACS Nano 8, 2439–2455 (2014).",{"doi":4138},"10.1021\u002Fnn406018q",{"id":26,"text":4140,"url":26,"identifiers":4141},"Jong, W. H. de et al. Particle size-dependent organ distribution of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration. Biomaterials 29, 1912–1919 (2008).",{"doi":4142},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2007.12.037",{"id":26,"text":4144,"url":26,"identifiers":4145},"Deen, W. M., Lazzara, M. J. & Myers, B. D. Structural determinants of glomerular permeability. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 281, F579–F596 (2001).",{"doi":4146},"10.1152\u002Fajprenal.2001.281.4.F579",{"id":26,"text":4148,"url":26,"identifiers":4149},"Venkatachalam, M. A. & Rennke, H. G. The structural and molecular basis of glomerular filtration. Circ. Res. 43, 337–347 (1978).",{"doi":4150},"10.1161\u002F01.RES.43.3.337",{"id":26,"text":4152,"url":26,"identifiers":4153},"Nair, A. V., Keliher, E. J., Core, A. B., Brown, D. & Weissleder, R. Characterizing the interactions of organic nanoparticles with renal epithelial cells in vivo. ACS Nano 9, 3641–3653 (2015).",{"doi":4154},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b00428",{"id":26,"text":4156,"url":26,"identifiers":4157},"Pillai, G. Nanomedicines for cancer therapy: an update of FDA approved and those under various stages of development. SOJ Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 1, 1–13 (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":4159,"url":26,"identifiers":4160},"Venditto, V. J. & Szoka, F. C. Cancer nanomedicines: so many papers and so few drugs! Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 65, 80–88 (2013).",{"doi":4161},"10.1016\u002Fj.addr.2012.09.038",{"id":26,"text":4163,"url":26,"identifiers":4164},"Allen, T. M. & Cullis, P. R. Liposomal drug delivery systems: from concept to clinical applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 65, 36–48 (2013).",{"doi":4165},"10.1016\u002Fj.addr.2012.09.037",{"id":26,"text":4167,"url":26,"identifiers":4168},"Barenholz, Y. Doxil® — the first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned. J. Control. Release 160, 117–134 (2012).",{"doi":4169},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2012.03.020",{"id":26,"text":4171,"url":26,"identifiers":4172},"Leonard, R. C. F., Williams, S., Tulpule, A., Levine, A. M. & Oliveros, S. Improving the therapeutic index of anthracycline chemotherapy: focus on liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet). Breast 18, 218–224 (2009).",{"doi":4173},"10.1016\u002Fj.breast.2009.05.004",{"id":26,"text":4175,"url":26,"identifiers":4176},"Chauhan, V. P. et al. Normalization of tumour blood vessels improves the delivery of nanomedicines in a size-dependent manner. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 383–388 (2012).",{"doi":4177},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2012.45",{"id":26,"text":4179,"url":26,"identifiers":4180},"Jiang, W., Huang, Y., An, Y. & Kim, B. Y. S. Remodeling tumor vasculature to enhance eelivery of intermediate-sized nanoparticles. ACS Nano 9, 8689–8696 (2015).",{"doi":4181},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b02028",{"id":26,"text":4183,"url":26,"identifiers":4184},"Tailor, T. D. et al. Effect of pazopanib on tumor microenvironment and liposome delivery. Mol. Cancer Ther. 9, 1798–1808 (2010).",{"doi":4185},"10.1158\u002F1535-7163.MCT-09-0856",{"id":26,"text":4187,"url":26,"identifiers":4188},"Pastuskovas, C. V. et al. Effects of anti-VEGF on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and tumor penetration of trastuzumab in a preclinical breast cancer model. Mol. Cancer Ther. 11, 752–762 (2012).",{"doi":4189},"10.1158\u002F1535-7163.MCT-11-0742-T",{"id":26,"text":4191,"url":26,"identifiers":4192},"Dobosz, M., Ntziachristos, V., Scheuer, W. & Strobel, S. Multispectral fluorescence ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization and automatic quantification of tumor morphology, drug penetration, and antiangiogenic treatment response. Neoplasia 16, 1–13 (2014).",{"doi":4193},"10.1593\u002Fneo.131848",{"id":26,"text":4195,"url":26,"identifiers":4196},"Roger, M. et al. Mesenchymal stem cells as cellular vehicles for delivery of nanoparticles to brain tumors. Biomaterials 31, 8393–8401 (2010).",{"doi":4197},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2010.07.048",{"id":26,"text":4199,"url":26,"identifiers":4200},"Li, L. et al. Silica nanorattle–doxorubicin-anchored mesenchymal stem cells for tumor-tropic therapy. ACS Nano 5, 7462–7470 (2011).",{"doi":4201},"10.1021\u002Fnn202399w",{"id":26,"text":4203,"url":26,"identifiers":4204},"Cheng, H. et al. Nanoparticulate cellular patches for cell-mediated tumoritropic delivery. ACS Nano 4, 625–631 (2010).",{"doi":4205},"10.1021\u002Fnn901319y",{"id":26,"text":4207,"url":26,"identifiers":4208},"Hu, Q. et al. Engineering nanoparticle-coated bacteria as oral DNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Nano Lett. 15, 2732–2739 (2015).",{"doi":4209},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b00570",{"id":26,"text":4211,"url":26,"identifiers":4212},"MacDiarmid, J. A. et al. Bacterially derived 400 nm particles for encapsulation and cancer cell targeting of chemotherapeutics. Cancer Cell 11, 431–445 (2007).",{"doi":4213},"10.1016\u002Fj.ccr.2007.03.012",{"id":26,"text":4215,"url":26,"identifiers":4216},"Park, S. J. et al. New paradigm for tumor theranostic methodology using bacteria-based microrobot. Sci. Rep. 3, 3394 (2013).",{"doi":4217},"10.1038\u002Fsrep03394",{"id":26,"text":4219,"url":26,"identifiers":4220},"Doshi, N. et al. Cell-based drug delivery devices using phagocytosis-resistant backpacks. Adv. Mater. 23, H105–H109 (2011).",{"doi":4221},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201004074",{"id":26,"text":4223,"url":26,"identifiers":4224},"Akin, D. et al. Bacteria-mediated delivery of nanoparticles and cargo into cells. Nat. Nanotechnol 2, 441–449 (2007).",{"doi":4225},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2007.149",{"id":26,"text":4227,"url":26,"identifiers":4228},"Kuhn, S. J., Finch, S. K., Hallahan, D. E. & Giorgio, T. D. Proteolytic surface functionalization enhances in vitro magnetic nanoparticle mobility through extracellular matrix. Nano Lett. 6, 306–312 (2006).",{"doi":4229},"10.1021\u002Fnl052241g",{"id":26,"text":4231,"url":26,"identifiers":4232},"Cui, M. et al. Multifunctional albumin nanoparticles as combination drug carriers for intra-tumoral chemotherapy. Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2, 1236–1245 (2013).",{"doi":4233},"10.1002\u002Fadhm.201200467",{"id":26,"text":4235,"url":26,"identifiers":4236},"Gormley, A. J. et al. Plasmonic photothermal therapy increases the tumor mass penetration of HPMA copolymers. J. Control Release 166, 130–138 (2013).",{"doi":4237},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2012.12.007",{"id":26,"text":4239,"url":26,"identifiers":4240},"Diagaradjane, P. et al. Modulation of in vivo tumor radiation response via gold nanoshell-mediated vascular-focused hyperthermia: characterizing an integrated antihypoxic and localized vascular disrupting targeting strategy. Nano Lett. 8, 1492–1500 (2008).",{"doi":4241},"10.1021\u002Fnl080496z",{"id":26,"text":4243,"url":26,"identifiers":4244},"Ohara, Y. et al. Effective delivery of chemotherapeutic nanoparticles by depleting host Kupffer cells. Int. J. Cancer 131, 2402–2410 (2012).",{"doi":4245},"10.1002\u002Fijc.27502",{"id":26,"text":4247,"url":26,"identifiers":4248},"van Rooijen, N. & Sanders, A. Liposome mediated depletion of macrophages: mechanism of action, preparation of liposomes and applications. J. Immunol. Methods 174, 83–93 (1994).",{"doi":4249},"10.1016\u002F0022-1759(94)90012-4",{"id":26,"text":4251,"url":26,"identifiers":4252},"Diagaradjane, P., Deorukhkar, A., Gelovani, J. G., Maru, D. M. & Krishnan, S. Gadolinium chloride augments tumor-specific imaging of targeted quantum dots in vivo. ACS Nano 4, 4131–4141 (2010).",{"doi":4253},"10.1021\u002Fnn901919w",{"id":26,"text":4255,"url":26,"identifiers":4256},"Parodi, A. et al. Synthetic nanoparticles functionalized with biomimetic leukocyte membranes possess cell-like functions. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 61–68 (2013).",{"doi":4257},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2012.212",{"id":26,"text":4259,"url":26,"identifiers":4260},"Piao, J.-G. et al. Erythrocyte membrane is an alternative coating to polyethylene glycol for prolonging the circulation lifetime of gold nanocages for photothermal therapy. ACS Nano 8, 10414–10425 (2014).",{"doi":4261},"10.1021\u002Fnn503779d",{"id":26,"text":4263,"url":26,"identifiers":4264},"Rodriguez, P. L. et al. Minimal “self” peptides that inhibit phagocytic clearance and enhance delivery of nanoparticles. Science 339, 971–975 (2013).",{"doi":4265},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1229568",{"id":26,"text":4267,"url":26,"identifiers":4268},"Barua, S. & Mitragotri, S. Challenges associated with penetration of nanoparticles across cell and tissue barriers: a review of current status and future prospects. Nano Today 9, 223–243 (2014).",{"doi":4269},"10.1016\u002Fj.nantod.2014.04.008",{"id":26,"text":4271,"url":26,"identifiers":4272},"Pascal, J. et al. Mechanistic patient-specific predictive correlation of tumor drug response with microenvironment and perfusion measurements. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 14266–14271 (2013).",{"doi":4273},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1300619110",{"id":26,"text":4275,"url":26,"identifiers":4276},"Koay, E. J. et al. Transport properties of pancreatic cancer describe gemcitabine delivery and response. J. Clin. Invest. 124, 1525–1536 (2014).",{"doi":4277},"10.1172\u002FJCI73455",{"id":26,"text":4279,"url":26,"identifiers":4280},"Shao, K. et al. Nanoparticle-based immunotherapy for cancer. ACS Nano 9, 16–30 (2015).",{"doi":4281},"10.1021\u002Fnn5062029",{"id":26,"text":4283,"url":26,"identifiers":4284},"Zuckerman, J. E. et al. Correlating animal and human phase Ia\u002FIb clinical data with CALAA-01, a targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle containing siRNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 11449–11454 (2014).",{"doi":4285},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1411393111",{"id":26,"text":4287,"url":26,"identifiers":4288},"Bangham, A. D., Standish, M. M. & Watkins, J. C. Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids. J. Mol. Biol. 13, 238–252 (1965).",{"doi":4289},"10.1016\u002FS0022-2836(65)80093-6",{"id":4291,"createTime":4292,"updateTime":4292,"relativeEntities":4293,"slug":4294,"properties":4295,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":4292,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":4306,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":4307,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":4308,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":4364,"citationCount":4393,"citationInfo":4394,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":4402,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"97638e82-d1f0-4b34-b6e9-5b16a6e15f60","2024-12-01T03:25:04.439+00:00",[],"Lithium-battery-chemistries-enabled-by-solid-state-electrolytes",{"mag":4296,"keywords":4298,"openalex":4299,"abstract":4301,"title":4302,"doi":4304},{"VOID":4297},"2587767928",{},{"VOID":4300},"W2587767928",{},{"EN":4303},"Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes",{"VOID":4305},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2016.103",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats2016103",[4309,4330,4347],{"id":4310,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":4311,"affiliations":4312,"properties":4323},"7711e59a-770e-47be-945c-29a4be53729e",[],[4313],{"id":4314,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":4315,"properties":26},"badc1db3-302b-43fd-8feb-61767b9a809d",{"id":4316,"createTime":4317,"updateTime":4317,"relativeEntities":4318,"slug":4319,"properties":4320,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"17aed331-7cb2-42c9-a606-83fc8dfb9129","2024-12-01T03:25:04.478+00:00",[],"Materials-Science-and-Engineering-Program-and-Texas-Materials-Institute-The-University-of-Texas-at-Austin-Austin-78712-Texas-USA",{"title":4321},{"EN":4322},"Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA",{"openalex":4324,"orcid":4326,"title":4328},{"VOID":4325},"A5101707116",{"VOID":4327},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-3035-5916",{"EN":4329},"Xingwen Yu",{"id":4331,"sortIndex":114,"researcher":26,"roles":4332,"affiliations":4333,"properties":4340},"5b9ae8e4-e91f-4a48-93a6-efe9edd1f324",[],[4334],{"id":4335,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":4336,"properties":26},"c8077ec2-f0ac-4477-bf46-fd0da32a3280",{"id":4316,"createTime":4317,"updateTime":4317,"relativeEntities":4337,"slug":4319,"properties":4338,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":4339},{"EN":4322},{"openalex":4341,"orcid":4343,"title":4345},{"VOID":4342},"A5077956304",{"VOID":4344},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1790-7149",{"EN":4346},"Shaofei Wang",{"id":4348,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":4349,"affiliations":4350,"properties":4357},"b57fe2e2-dfcb-4648-9479-2b687e8eb024",[],[4351],{"id":4352,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":4353,"properties":26},"17bbe290-1d6f-47d1-a518-5df04aea031c",{"id":4316,"createTime":4317,"updateTime":4317,"relativeEntities":4354,"slug":4319,"properties":4355,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":4356},{"EN":4322},{"openalex":4358,"orcid":4360,"title":4362},{"VOID":4359},"A5066705036",{"VOID":4361},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-0237-9563",{"EN":4363},"Arumugam Manthiram",{"url":26,"publisher":4365,"properties":4390},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":4366,"slug":663,"properties":4367,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":4373,"manageAffiliations":4374,"indexDatabases":4375,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":4368,"issn":4369,"introduce":4370,"eissn":4371,"title":4372},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[4376,4383],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":4377,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":4382,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":4378,"label":4379,"description":4380,"key":772,"publicationTags":4381,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":4384,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":4389,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":4385,"label":4386,"description":4387,"key":748,"publicationTags":4388,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":4391,"issue":4392},{"VOID":890},{"VOID":2722},3541,{"total":4393,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":4395},{"2017":349,"2018":622,"2019":4396,"2020":4397,"2021":4398,"2022":4399,"2023":4400,"2024":4401},404,546,574,598,581,483,[4403,4407,4409,4412,4416,4420,4424,4428,4432,4436,4440,4444,4448,4451,4455,4459,4462,4466,4470,4474,4477,4481,4485,4489,4493,4497,4501,4505,4509,4513,4517,4521,4525,4529,4533,4537,4541,4545,4549,4553,4557,4561,4565,4569,4573,4577,4581,4585,4589,4593,4597,4601,4605,4609,4613,4617,4621,4625,4629,4633,4637,4641,4645,4649,4653,4656,4660,4664,4668,4672,4676,4680,4684,4688,4692,4696,4700,4704,4708,4712,4716,4720,4724,4728,4732,4736,4740,4744,4748,4752,4756,4760,4764,4768,4772,4776,4780,4784,4788,4792,4796,4800,4804,4808,4812,4816,4820,4824,4828,4832,4836,4840,4844,4848,4852,4856,4860,4864,4868,4872,4876,4880,4884,4888,4892,4896,4900,4904,4908,4912,4916,4920,4924,4928,4932,4936,4940,4944,4948,4952,4956,4960,4964,4968,4972,4976,4980,4984,4988,4992,4996,5000,5004,5008,5012,5016,5020,5024,5028,5032,5036,5040,5044,5047,5049,5053,5057,5061,5065,5069,5073,5077,5081,5085,5087,5091,5095,5099,5103,5107,5111,5115,5119,5123,5127,5131,5135,5139,5142,5145,5149,5153,5157,5161,5165,5169,5173,5177,5181,5185,5189,5193,5197,5201,5205,5209,5213,5217,5221,5225,5229,5233,5235,5239,5243,5247,5251,5255,5259,5262,5266,5270,5274,5278,5281,5285,5289,5293,5297,5301],{"id":26,"text":4404,"url":26,"identifiers":4405},"Chu, S. & Majumdar, A. Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future. Nature 488, 294–303 (2012).",{"doi":4406},"10.1038\u002Fnature11475",{"id":26,"text":2736,"url":26,"identifiers":4408},{"doi":2738},{"id":26,"text":4410,"url":26,"identifiers":4411},"Cabana, J., Monconduit, L., Larcher, D. & Palacin, M. R. Beyond intercalation-based Li-ion batteries: the state of the art and challenges of electrode materials reacting through conversion reactions. Adv. Mater. 22, E170–E192 (2010).",{"doi":2757},{"id":26,"text":4413,"url":26,"identifiers":4414},"Quartarone, E. & Mustarelli, P. Electrolytes for solid-state lithium rechargeable batteries: recent advances and perspectives. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 2525–2540 (2011).",{"doi":4415},"10.1039\u002Fc0cs00081g",{"id":26,"text":4417,"url":26,"identifiers":4418},"Kato, Y. et al. High-power all-solid-state batteries using sulfide superionic conductors. Nat. Energy 1, 16030 (2016).",{"doi":4419},"10.1038\u002Fnenergy.2016.30",{"id":26,"text":4421,"url":26,"identifiers":4422},"Goodenough, J. B. & Park, K. S. The Li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 1167–1176 (2013).",{"doi":4423},"10.1021\u002Fja3091438",{"id":26,"text":4425,"url":26,"identifiers":4426},"Bachman, J. C. et al. Inorganic solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries: mechanisms and properties governing ion conduction. Chem. Rev. 116, 140–162 (2016). This paper reviews the ion-transport mechanisms and fundamental properties of solid-state electrolytes to be used in electrochemical energy storage systems.",{"doi":4427},"10.1021\u002Facs.chemrev.5b00563",{"id":26,"text":4429,"url":26,"identifiers":4430},"Hu, Y. S. Batteries: getting solid. Nat. Energy 1, 16042 (2016). This paper demonstrates a solid-state battery that can deliver 70% of its maximum capacity in just one minute at room temperature.",{"doi":4431},"10.1038\u002Fnenergy.2016.42",{"id":26,"text":4433,"url":26,"identifiers":4434},"Linford, R. G. & Hackwood, S. Physical techniques for the study of solid electrolytes. Chem. Rev. 81, 327–364 (1981).",{"doi":4435},"10.1021\u002Fcr00044a002",{"id":26,"text":4437,"url":26,"identifiers":4438},"Sakuda, A., Hayashi, A. & Tatsumisago, M. Sulfide solid electrolyte with favorable mechanical property for all-solid-state lithium battery. Sci. Rep. 3, 02261 (2013).",{"doi":4439},"10.1038\u002Fsrep02261",{"id":26,"text":4441,"url":26,"identifiers":4442},"Kamaya, N. et al. A lithium superionic conductor. Nat. Mater. 10, 682–686 (2011).",{"doi":4443},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3066",{"id":26,"text":4445,"url":26,"identifiers":4446},"Busche, M. R. et al. Dynamic formation of a solid–liquid electrolyte interphase and its consequences for hybrid-battery concepts. Nat. Chem. 8, 426–434 (2016).",{"doi":4447},"10.1038\u002Fnchem.2470",{"id":26,"text":4449,"url":26,"identifiers":4450},"Faraday, M. Experimental researches in electricity. Third series. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 123, 23–54 (1833).",{},{"id":26,"text":4452,"url":26,"identifiers":4453},"Takahashi, T. Early history of solid state ionics. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 135, 3–9 (1988).",{"doi":4454},"10.1557\u002FPROC-135-3",{"id":26,"text":4456,"url":26,"identifiers":4457},"Knödler, R. Thermal properties of sodium–sulphur cells. J. Appl. Electrochem. 14, 39–46 (1984).",{"doi":4458},"10.1007\u002FBF00611256",{"id":26,"text":4460,"url":26,"identifiers":4461},"Kummer, J. T., Arbor, A. & Weber, N. Thermo-electric generator. US patent 3,458,356 (1969).",{},{"id":26,"text":4463,"url":26,"identifiers":4464},"Chandra, S., Lal, H. B. & Shahi, K. An electrochemical cell with solid, super-ionic Ag4KI5 as the electrolyte. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 7, 194–198 (1974).",{"doi":4465},"10.1088\u002F0022-3727\u002F7\u002F1\u002F327",{"id":26,"text":4467,"url":26,"identifiers":4468},"Yu Yao, Y. -F. & Kummer, J. T. Ion exchange properties of and rates of ionic diffusion in beta-alumina. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 29, 2453–2457 (1967).",{"doi":4469},"10.1016\u002F0022-1902(67)80301-4",{"id":26,"text":4471,"url":26,"identifiers":4472},"Reuter, B. & Hardel, K. Silbersulfidbromid und silbersulfidjodid. Angew. Chem. 72, 138–139 (1960).",{"doi":4473},"10.1002\u002Fange.19600720407",{"id":26,"text":4475,"url":26,"identifiers":4476},"Owens, B. Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering (Wiley, 1971).",{},{"id":26,"text":4478,"url":26,"identifiers":4479},"Fenton, D. E., Parker, J. M. & Wright, P. V. Complexes of alkali metal ions with poly(ethylene oxide). Polymer 14, 589 (1973).",{"doi":4480},"10.1016\u002F0032-3861(73)90146-8",{"id":26,"text":4482,"url":26,"identifiers":4483},"Bones, R. J., Coetzer, J., Galloway, R. C. & Teagle, D. A. A sodium\u002Firon(ii) chloride cell with a beta alumina electrolyte. J. Electrochem. Soc. 134, 2379–2382 (1987).",{"doi":4484},"10.1149\u002F1.2100207",{"id":26,"text":4486,"url":26,"identifiers":4487},"Coetzer, J. A. A new high-energy density battery system. J. Power Sources 18, 377–380 (1986).",{"doi":4488},"10.1016\u002F0378-7753(86)80093-3",{"id":26,"text":4490,"url":26,"identifiers":4491},"Oshima, T., Kajita, M. & Okuno, A. Development of sodium-sulfur batteries. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 1, 269–276 (2004).",{"doi":4492},"10.1111\u002Fj.1744-7402.2004.tb00179.x",{"id":26,"text":4494,"url":26,"identifiers":4495},"Capasso, C. & Veneri, O. Experimental analysis of a Zebra battery based propulsion system for urban bus under dynamic conditions. Energy Procedia 61, 1138–1141 (2014).",{"doi":4496},"10.1016\u002Fj.egypro.2014.11.1040",{"id":26,"text":4498,"url":26,"identifiers":4499},"Funke, K. Solid state ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 14, 043502 (2013).",{"doi":4500},"10.1088\u002F1468-6996\u002F14\u002F4\u002F043502",{"id":26,"text":4502,"url":26,"identifiers":4503},"Knauth, P. & Tuller, H. L. Solid-state ionics: roots, status, and future prospects. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85, 1654–1680 (2002). This paper reviews the evolution of solid-state ionics over approximately the past 100 years.",{"doi":4504},"10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.2002.tb00334.x",{"id":26,"text":4506,"url":26,"identifiers":4507},"Svensson, J. S. E. M. & Granqvist, C. G. Electrochromic coatings for “smart windows”. Sol. Energy Mater. 12, 391–402 (1985).",{"doi":4508},"10.1016\u002F0165-1633(85)90033-4",{"id":26,"text":4510,"url":26,"identifiers":4511},"Li, H., Wang, Z. X., Chen, L. Q. & Huang, X. J. Research on advanced materials for Li-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 21, 4593–4607 (2009).",{"doi":4512},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200901710",{"id":26,"text":4514,"url":26,"identifiers":4515},"Gao, J., Shi, S. Q. & Li, H. Brief overview of electrochemical potential in lithium ion batteries. Chin. Phys. B 25, 018210 (2016).",{"doi":4516},"10.1088\u002F1674-1056\u002F25\u002F1\u002F018210",{"id":26,"text":4518,"url":26,"identifiers":4519},"Li, W., Dahn, J. R. & Wainwright, D. S. Rechargeable lithium batteries with aqueous electrolytes. Science 264, 1115–1118 (1994).",{"doi":4520},"10.1126\u002Fscience.264.5162.1115",{"id":26,"text":4522,"url":26,"identifiers":4523},"Gray, F. M., MacCallum, J. R. & Vincent, C. A. Poly(ethylene oxide) - LiCF3SO3 - polystyrene electrolyte systems. Solid State Ionics 18–19, 282–286 (1986).",{"doi":4524},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(86)90127-X",{"id":26,"text":4526,"url":26,"identifiers":4527},"Gorecki, W. et al. NMR, DSC, and conductivity study of a poly(ethylene oxide) complex electrolyte: PEO(LiClO4)x . Solid State Ionics 18–19, 295–299 (1986).",{"doi":4528},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(86)90130-X",{"id":26,"text":4530,"url":26,"identifiers":4531},"Kelly, I. E., Owen, J. R. & Steele, B. C. H. Poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes for operation at near room temperature. J. Power Sources 14, 13–21 (1985).",{"doi":4532},"10.1016\u002F0378-7753(85)88004-6",{"id":26,"text":4534,"url":26,"identifiers":4535},"Abraham, K. M. & Alamgir, M. Li+-Conductive solid polymer electrolytes with liquid-like conductivity. J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 1657–1658 (1990).",{"doi":4536},"10.1149\u002F1.2086749",{"id":26,"text":4538,"url":26,"identifiers":4539},"Wang, Z. X. et al. Investigation of the position of Li+ ions in a polyacrylonitrile-based electrolyte by Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Electrochim. Acta 41, 1443–1446 (1996).",{"doi":4540},"10.1016\u002F0013-4686(95)00392-4",{"id":26,"text":4542,"url":26,"identifiers":4543},"Appetecchi, G. B., Croce, F. & Scrosati, B. Kinetics and stability of the lithium electrode in poly(methylmethacrylate)-based gel electrolytes. Electrochim. Acta 40, 991–997 (1995).",{"doi":4544},"10.1016\u002F0013-4686(94)00345-2",{"id":26,"text":4546,"url":26,"identifiers":4547},"Iijima, T., Toyoguchi, Y. & Eda, N. Quasi-solid organic electrolytes gelatinized with polymethylmethacrylate and their applications for lithium batteries. Denki Kagaku 53, 619–623 (1985).",{"doi":4548},"10.5796\u002Fkogyobutsurikagaku.53.619",{"id":26,"text":4550,"url":26,"identifiers":4551},"Choe, H. S., Giaccai, J., Alamgir, M. & Abraham, K. M. Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl sulfone) based- and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based electrolytes. Electrochim. Acta 40, 2289–2293 (1995).",{"doi":4552},"10.1016\u002F0013-4686(95)00180-M",{"id":26,"text":4554,"url":26,"identifiers":4555},"Dudney, N. J., Bates, J. B., Zuhr, R. A., Luck, C. F. & Robertson, J. D. Sputtering of lithium compounds for preparation of electrolyte thin films. Solid State Ionics 53–56, 655–661 (1992).",{"doi":4556},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(92)90443-S",{"id":26,"text":4558,"url":26,"identifiers":4559},"Bates, J. B. et al. Electrical properties of amorphous lithium electrolyte thin films. Solid State Ionics 53–56, 647–654 (1992).",{"doi":4560},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(92)90442-R",{"id":26,"text":4562,"url":26,"identifiers":4563},"Inaguma, Y. et al. High ionic conductivity in lithium lanthanum titanate. Solid State Commun. 86, 689–693 (1993).",{"doi":4564},"10.1016\u002F0038-1098(93)90841-A",{"id":26,"text":4566,"url":26,"identifiers":4567},"Goodenough, J. B., Hong, H. Y. -P. & Kafalas, J. A. Fast Na+-ion transport in skeleton structures. Mater. Res. Bull. 11, 203–220 (1976).",{"doi":4568},"10.1016\u002F0025-5408(76)90077-5",{"id":26,"text":4570,"url":26,"identifiers":4571},"Subramanian, M. A., Subramanian, R. & Clearfield, A. Lithium ion conductors in the system AB(iv)2(PO4)3 (B = Ti, Zr and Hf). Solid State Ionics 18–19, 562–569 (1986).",{"doi":4572},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(86)90179-7",{"id":26,"text":4574,"url":26,"identifiers":4575},"Cussen, E. J. The structure of lithium garnets: cation disorder and clustering in a new family of fast Li+ conductors. Chem. Commun. 412–413 (2006).",{"doi":4576},"10.1039\u002FB514640B",{"id":26,"text":4578,"url":26,"identifiers":4579},"Kasper, H. M. A new series of rare earth garnets Ln3+3M2Li+3O12(M = Te, W). Inorg. Chem. 8, 1000–1005 (1969).",{"doi":4580},"10.1021\u002Fic50074a058",{"id":26,"text":4582,"url":26,"identifiers":4583},"Mazza, D. Remarks on a ternary phase in the La2O3–Me2O5–Li2O system (Me = Nb, Ta). Mater. Lett. 7, 205–207 (1988).",{"doi":4584},"10.1016\u002F0167-577X(88)90011-0",{"id":26,"text":4586,"url":26,"identifiers":4587},"Kennedy, J. H., Sahami, S., Shea, S. W. & Zhang, Z. M. Preparation and conductivity measurements of SiS2–Li2S glasses doped with LiBr and LiCl. Solid State Ionics 18–19, 368–371 (1986).",{"doi":4588},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(86)90142-6",{"id":26,"text":4590,"url":26,"identifiers":4591},"Kennedy, J. H. & Yang, Y. A highly conductive Li+-glass system: (1 - x)(0.4SiS2-0.6Li2S)-xLil. J. Electrochem. Soc. 133, 2437–2438 (1986).",{"doi":4592},"10.1149\u002F1.2108425",{"id":26,"text":4594,"url":26,"identifiers":4595},"Li, H. Q., Wang, Y. G., Na, H. T., Liu, H. M. & Zhou, H. S. Rechargeable Ni-Li battery integrated aqueous\u002Fnonaqueous system. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 15098–15101 (2009).",{"doi":4596},"10.1021\u002Fja906529g",{"id":26,"text":4598,"url":26,"identifiers":4599},"Lu, Y. H. & Goodenough, J. B. Rechargeable alkali-ion cathode-flow battery. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 10113–10117 (2011).",{"doi":4600},"10.1039\u002Fc0jm04222f",{"id":26,"text":4602,"url":26,"identifiers":4603},"Wang, L., Wang, Y. G. & Xia, Y. Y. A high performance lithium-ion sulfur battery based on a Li2S cathode using a dual-phase electrolyte. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 1551–1558 (2015). This paper is the first report of the feasibility of using a dual-phase electrolyte in a lithium–sulfur battery separated by a LISICON-type solid electrolyte.",{"doi":4604},"10.1039\u002FC5EE00058K",{"id":26,"text":4606,"url":26,"identifiers":4607},"Yu, X. W., Bi, Z. H., Zhao, F. & Manthiram, A. Hybrid lithium–sulfur batteries with a solid electrolyte membrane and lithium polysulfide catholyte. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 16625–16631 (2015).",{"doi":4608},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b04209",{"id":26,"text":4610,"url":26,"identifiers":4611},"Chang, Z. et al. Rechargeable Li\u002F\u002FBr battery: a promising platform for post lithium ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 19444–19450 (2014).",{"doi":4612},"10.1039\u002FC4TA04419C",{"id":26,"text":4614,"url":26,"identifiers":4615},"Takemoto, K. & Yamada, H. Development of rechargeable lithium–bromine batteries with lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte. J. Power Sources 281, 334–340 (2015).",{"doi":4616},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2015.02.015",{"id":26,"text":4618,"url":26,"identifiers":4619},"Kim, J. -K. et al. Rechargeable seawater battery and its electrochemical mechanism. ChemElectroChem 2, 328–332 (2014).",{"doi":4620},"10.1002\u002Fcelc.201402344",{"id":26,"text":4622,"url":26,"identifiers":4623},"Chen, L., Guo, Z. Y., Xia, Y. Y. & Wang, Y. G. High-voltage aqueous battery approaching 3 V using an acidic–alkaline double electrolyte. Chem. Commun. 49, 2204–2206 (2013).",{"doi":4624},"10.1039\u002Fc3cc00064h",{"id":26,"text":4626,"url":26,"identifiers":4627},"Dong, X. L., Wang, Y. G. & Xia, Y. G. Re-building Daniell cell with a Li-ion exchange film. Sci. Rep. 4, 6916 (2014).",{"doi":4628},"10.1038\u002Fsrep06916",{"id":26,"text":4630,"url":26,"identifiers":4631},"Zhang, H. P. et al. Using Li+ as the electrochemical messenger to fabricate an aqueous rechargeable Zn–Cu battery. Chem. Commun. 51, 7294–7297 (2015).",{"doi":4632},"10.1039\u002FC5CC00575B",{"id":26,"text":4634,"url":26,"identifiers":4635},"Mehrer, H. Diffusion in Solids: Fundamentals, Methods, Materials, Diffusion-Controlled Processes (Springer, 2007).",{"doi":4636},"10.1007\u002F978-3-540-71488-0",{"id":26,"text":4638,"url":26,"identifiers":4639},"Wu, M., Xu, B. & Ouyang, C. Physics of electron and lithium-ion transport in electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Chin. Phys. B 25, 018206 (2015).",{"doi":4640},"10.1088\u002F1674-1056\u002F25\u002F1\u002F018206",{"id":26,"text":4642,"url":26,"identifiers":4643},"Park, M., Zhang, X. C., Chung, M. D., Less, G. B. & Sastry, A. M. A review of conduction phenomena in Li-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 195, 7904–7929 (2010).",{"doi":4644},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2010.06.060",{"id":26,"text":4646,"url":26,"identifiers":4647},"Kumar, P. P. & Yashonath, S. Ionic conduction in the solid state. J. Chem. Sci. 118, 135–154 (2006). This paper provides a survey of experimental, theoretical and computational studies with the aim of understanding the high ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes.",{"doi":4648},"10.1007\u002FBF02708775",{"id":26,"text":4650,"url":26,"identifiers":4651},"Perram, J. (ed) The Physics of Superionic Conductors and Electrode Materials (Springer, 1983).",{"doi":4652},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4684-4490-2",{"id":26,"text":4654,"url":26,"identifiers":4655},"Hagenmuller, P. & Van Gool, V. (eds) Solid Electrolytes: General Principles, Characterization, Materials, Applications (Academic Press, 1978).",{},{"id":26,"text":4657,"url":26,"identifiers":4658},"Angell, C. A. Mobile ions in amorphous solids. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 43, 693–717 (1992).",{"doi":4659},"10.1146\u002Fannurev.pc.43.100192.003401",{"id":26,"text":4661,"url":26,"identifiers":4662},"Berthier, C. et al. Microscopic investigation of ionic-conductivity in alkali metal salts-poly(ethylene oxide) adducts. Solid State Ionics 11, 91–95 (1983).",{"doi":4663},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(83)90068-1",{"id":26,"text":4665,"url":26,"identifiers":4666},"Nitzan, A. & Ratner, M. A. Conduction in polymers: dynamic disorder transport. J. Phys. Chem. 98, 1765–1775 (1994). This paper discusses the ionic transportation mechanisms in polymer solid electrolytes.",{"doi":4667},"10.1021\u002Fj100058a009",{"id":26,"text":4669,"url":26,"identifiers":4670},"Borodin, O. & Smith, G. D. Mechanism of ion transport in amorphous poly(ethylene oxide)\u002FLiTFSI from molecular dynamics simulations. Macromolecules 39, 1620–1629 (2006).",{"doi":4671},"10.1021\u002Fma052277v",{"id":26,"text":4673,"url":26,"identifiers":4674},"Fergus, J. W. Ceramic and polymeric solid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 195, 4554–4569 (2010).",{"doi":4675},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2010.01.076",{"id":26,"text":4677,"url":26,"identifiers":4678},"Xia, W. H. et al. Ionic conductivity and air stability of Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 sintered in alumina and Pt crucibles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 5335–5342 (2016).",{"doi":4679},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b12186",{"id":26,"text":4681,"url":26,"identifiers":4682},"Matsuyama, T. et al. Electrochemical properties of all-solid-state lithium batteries with amorphous titanium sulfide electrodes prepared by mechanical milling. J. Solid State Electr. 17, 2697–2701 (2013).",{"doi":4683},"10.1007\u002Fs10008-013-2157-5",{"id":26,"text":4685,"url":26,"identifiers":4686},"Hagman, L. O. & Kierkega, P. Crystal structure of NaMe2iv(PO4)3; Meiv = Ge, Ti, Zr. Acta Chem. Scand. 22, 1822–1826 (1968).",{"doi":4687},"10.3891\u002Facta.chem.scand.22-1822",{"id":26,"text":4689,"url":26,"identifiers":4690},"Thangadurai, V. & Weppner, W. Recent progress in solid oxide and lithium ion conducting electrolytes research. Ionics 12, 81–92 (2006). This paper reviews the progress in fast lithium-ion conductors (solid-oxide materials) with the emphasis on the correlation among composition, structure and electrical transport properties.",{"doi":4691},"10.1007\u002Fs11581-006-0013-7",{"id":26,"text":4693,"url":26,"identifiers":4694},"Casciola, M., Costantino, U., Merlini, L., Andersen, I. G. K. & Andersen, E. K. Preparation, structural characterization and conductivity of LiZr2(PO4)3 . Solid State Ionics 26, 229–235 (1988).",{"doi":4695},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(88)90231-7",{"id":26,"text":4697,"url":26,"identifiers":4698},"Martínez-Juárez, A., Rojo, J. M., Iglesias, J. E. & Sanz, J. Reversible monoclinic–rhombohedral transformation in LiSn2(PO4)3 with NASICON-type structure. Chem. Mater. 7, 1857–1862 (1995).",{"doi":4699},"10.1021\u002Fcm00058a016",{"id":26,"text":4701,"url":26,"identifiers":4702},"Aono, H., Sugimoto, E., Sadaoka, Y., Imanaka, N. & Adachi, G. Ionic conductivity and sinterability of lithium titanium phosphate system. Solid State Ionics 40–41, 38–42 (1990).",{"doi":4703},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(90)90282-V",{"id":26,"text":4705,"url":26,"identifiers":4706},"Morimoto, H. et al. Preparation of lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte of NASICON-type Li1 + xAlxTi2 - x(PO4)3 (x = 0.3) obtained by using the mechanochemical method and its application as surface modification materials of LiCoO2 cathode for lithium cell. J. Power Sources 240, 636–643 (2013).",{"doi":4707},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2013.05.039",{"id":26,"text":4709,"url":26,"identifiers":4710},"Xu, X. X., Wen, Z. Y., Wu, X. W., Yang, X. L. & Gu, Z. H. Lithium ion-conducting glass–ceramics of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3–x Li2O (x = 0.0–0.20) with good electrical and electrochemical properties. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 2802–2806 (2007).",{"doi":4711},"10.1111\u002Fj.1551-2916.2007.01827.x",{"id":26,"text":4713,"url":26,"identifiers":4714},"Xu, X. X., Wen, Z. Y., Yang, X. L. & Chen, L. D. Dense nanostructured solid electrolyte with high Li-ion conductivity by spark plasma sintering technique. Mater. Res. Bull. 43, 2334–2341 (2008).",{"doi":4715},"10.1016\u002Fj.materresbull.2007.08.007",{"id":26,"text":4717,"url":26,"identifiers":4718},"Cruz, A. M., Ferreira, E. B. & Rodrigues, A. C. M. Controlled crystallization and ionic conductivity of a nanostructured LiAlGePO4 glass–ceramic. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 355, 2295–2301 (2009).",{"doi":4719},"10.1016\u002Fj.jnoncrysol.2009.07.012",{"id":26,"text":4721,"url":26,"identifiers":4722},"Fu, J. Fast Li+ ion conducting glass-ceramics in the system Li2O–Al2O3–GeO2–P2O5 . Solid State Ionics 104, 191–194 (1997).",{"doi":4723},"10.1016\u002FS0167-2738(97)00434-7",{"id":26,"text":4725,"url":26,"identifiers":4726},"Thokchom, J. S., Gupta, N. & Kumar, B. Superionic conductivity in a lithium aluminum germanium phosphate glass–ceramic. J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, A915–A920 (2008).",{"doi":4727},"10.1149\u002F1.2988731",{"id":26,"text":4729,"url":26,"identifiers":4730},"Thangadurai, V., Kaack, H. & Weppner, W. J. F. Novel fast lithium ion conduction in garnet-type Li5La3M2O12 (M = Nb, Ta). J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86, 437–440 (2003).",{"doi":4731},"10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.2003.tb03318.x",{"id":26,"text":4733,"url":26,"identifiers":4734},"Geiger, C. A. et al. Crystal chemistry and stability of “Li7La3Zr2O12” garnet: a fast lithium-ion conductor. Inorg. Chem. 50, 1089–1097 (2011).",{"doi":4735},"10.1021\u002Fic101914e",{"id":26,"text":4737,"url":26,"identifiers":4738},"Murugan, R., Ramakumar, S. & Janani, N. High conductive yttrium doped Li7La3Zr2O12 cubic lithium garnet. Electrochem. Commun. 13, 1373–1375 (2011).",{"doi":4739},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2011.08.014",{"id":26,"text":4741,"url":26,"identifiers":4742},"Allen, J. L., Wolfenstine, J., Rangasamy, E. & Sakamoto, J. Effect of substitution (Ta, Al, Ga) on the conductivity of Li7La3Zr2O12 . J. Power Sources 206, 315–319 (2012).",{"doi":4743},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2012.01.131",{"id":26,"text":4745,"url":26,"identifiers":4746},"Ohta, S., Kobayashi, T. & Asaoka, T. High lithium ionic conductivity in the garnet-type oxide Li7 - X La3(Zr2 - X, NbX)O12 (X = 0–2). J. Power Sources 196, 3342–3345 (2011).",{"doi":4747},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2010.11.089",{"id":26,"text":4749,"url":26,"identifiers":4750},"Deviannapoorani, C., Dhivya, L., Ramakumar, S. & Murugan, R. Lithium ion transport properties of high conductive tellurium substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 cubic lithium garnets. J. Power Sources 240, 18–25 (2013).",{"doi":4751},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2013.03.166",{"id":26,"text":4753,"url":26,"identifiers":4754},"Ahn, B. T. & Huggins, R. A. Phase behavior and conductivity of Li2SiS3 composition. Solid State Ionics 46, 237–242 (1991).",{"doi":4755},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(91)90221-V",{"id":26,"text":4757,"url":26,"identifiers":4758},"Kondo, S., Takada, K. & Yamamura, Y. New lithium ion conductors based on Li2S-SiS2 system. Solid State Ionics 53, 1183–1186 (1992).",{"doi":4759},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(92)90310-L",{"id":26,"text":4761,"url":26,"identifiers":4762},"Morimoto, H., Yamashita, H., Tatsumisago, M. & Minami, T. Mechanochemical synthesis of new amorphous materials of 60Li2S·40SiS2 with high lithium ion conductivity. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82, 1352–1354 (1999).",{"doi":4763},"10.1111\u002Fj.1151-2916.1999.tb01923.x",{"id":26,"text":4765,"url":26,"identifiers":4766},"Kanno, R. & Maruyama, M. Lithium ionic conductor thio-LISICON: the Li2S GeS2 P2S5 system. J. Electrochem. Soc. 148, A742–A746 (2001).",{"doi":4767},"10.1149\u002F1.1379028",{"id":26,"text":4769,"url":26,"identifiers":4770},"Hayashi, A., Ohtomo, T., Mizuno, F., Tadanaga, K. & Tatsumisago, M. All-solid-state Li\u002FS batteries with highly conductive glass–ceramic electrolytes. Electrochem. Commun. 5, 701–705 (2003).",{"doi":4771},"10.1016\u002FS1388-2481(03)00167-X",{"id":26,"text":4773,"url":26,"identifiers":4774},"Liu, Z. C. et al. Anomalous high ionic conductivity of nanoporous β-Li3PS4 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 975–978 (2013).",{"doi":4775},"10.1021\u002Fja3110895",{"id":26,"text":4777,"url":26,"identifiers":4778},"Mizuno, F., Hayashi, A., Tadanaga, K. & Tatsumisago, M. New, highly ion-conductive crystals precipitated from Li2S–P2S5 glasses. Adv. Mater. 17, 918–922 (2005).",{"doi":4779},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200401286",{"id":26,"text":4781,"url":26,"identifiers":4782},"Rangasamy, E. et al. An iodide-based Li7P2S8I superionic conductor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 1384–1387 (2015).",{"doi":4783},"10.1021\u002Fja508723m",{"id":26,"text":4785,"url":26,"identifiers":4786},"Hayashi, A., Muramatsu, H., Ohtomo, T., Hama, S. & Tatsumisago, M. Improved chemical stability and cyclability in Li2S–P2S5–P2O5–ZnO composite electrolytes for all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries. J. Alloys Compd. 591, 247–250 (2014).",{"doi":4787},"10.1016\u002Fj.jallcom.2013.12.191",{"id":26,"text":4789,"url":26,"identifiers":4790},"Minami, K., Hayashi, A., Ujiie, S. & Tatsumisago, M. Electrical and electrochemical properties of glass–ceramic electrolytes in the systems Li2S–P2S5–P2S3 and Li2S–P2S5–P2O5 . Solid State Ionics 192, 122–125 (2011).",{"doi":4791},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssi.2010.06.018",{"id":26,"text":4793,"url":26,"identifiers":4794},"Muramatsu, H., Hayashi, A., Ohtomo, T., Hama, S. & Tatsumisago, M. Structural change of Li2S–P2S5 sulfide solid electrolytes in the atmosphere. Solid State Ionics 182, 116–119 (2011).",{"doi":4795},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssi.2010.10.013",{"id":26,"text":4797,"url":26,"identifiers":4798},"Alamgir, M. & Abraham, K. M. Li ion conductive electrolytes based on poly(vinyl chloride). J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, L96–L97 (1993).",{"doi":4799},"10.1149\u002F1.2221654",{"id":26,"text":4801,"url":26,"identifiers":4802},"Capiglia, C. et al. Structure and transport properties of polymer gel electrolytes based on PVdF-HFP and LiN(C2F5SO2)2 . Solid State Ionics 131, 291–299 (2000).",{"doi":4803},"10.1016\u002FS0167-2738(00)00678-0",{"id":26,"text":4805,"url":26,"identifiers":4806},"Feuillade, G. & Perche, P. Ion-conductive macromolecular gels and membranes for solid lithium cells. J. Appl. Electrochem. 5, 63–69 (1975).",{"doi":4807},"10.1007\u002FBF00625960",{"id":26,"text":4809,"url":26,"identifiers":4810},"Zhou, Y. F., Xie, S., Ge, X. W., Chen, C. H. & Amine, K. Preparation of rechargeable lithium batteries with poly(methyl methacrylate) based gel polymer electrolyte by in situ γ-ray irradiation-induced polymerization. J. Appl. Electrochem. 34, 1119–1125 (2004).",{"doi":4811},"10.1007\u002Fs10800-004-2726-5",{"id":26,"text":4813,"url":26,"identifiers":4814},"Appetecchi, G. B., Croce, F., Persi, L., Ronci, F. & Scrosati, B. Transport and interfacial properties of composite polymer electrolytes. Electrochim. Acta 45, 1481–1490 (2000). This paper demonstrates the advantages of the composite PEO–LiX polymer electrolytes in addressing the interfacial problems between lithium metal and the solid electrolyte.",{"doi":4815},"10.1016\u002FS0013-4686(99)00363-1",{"id":26,"text":4817,"url":26,"identifiers":4818},"Kumar, B. & Fellner, J. P. Polymer–ceramic composite protonic conductors. J. Power Sources 123, 132–136 (2003).",{"doi":4819},"10.1016\u002FS0378-7753(03)00530-5",{"id":26,"text":4821,"url":26,"identifiers":4822},"Miyake, N., Wainright, J. S. & Savinell, R. F. Evaluation of a sol-gel derived Nafion\u002Fsilica hybrid membrane for proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications: I. Proton conductivity and water content. J. Electrochem. Soc. 148, A898–A904 (2001).",{"doi":4823},"10.1149\u002F1.1383071",{"id":26,"text":4825,"url":26,"identifiers":4826},"Chen-Yang, Y. W., Chen, H. C., Lin, F. J. & Chen, C. C. Polyacrylonitrile electrolytes: 1. A novel high-conductivity composite polymer electrolyte based on PAN, LiClO4 and α-Al2O3 . Solid State Ionics 150, 327–335 (2002).",{"doi":4827},"10.1016\u002FS0167-2738(02)00457-5",{"id":26,"text":4829,"url":26,"identifiers":4830},"Di Noto, V. & Zago, V. Inorganic-organic polymer electrolytes based on PEG400 and Al[OCH(CH3)2]3 I. Synthesis and vibrational characterizations. J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, A216–A223 (2004).",{"doi":4831},"10.1149\u002F1.1635825",{"id":26,"text":4833,"url":26,"identifiers":4834},"Liu, Y., Lee, J. Y. & Hong, L. In situ preparation of poly(ethylene oxide)–SiO2 composite polymer electrolytes. J. Power Sources 129, 303–311 (2004).",{"doi":4835},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2003.11.026",{"id":26,"text":4837,"url":26,"identifiers":4838},"Magistris, A., Mustarelli, P., Quartarone, E. & Tomasi, C. Transport and thermal properties of (PEO)n–LiPF6 electrolytes for super-ambient applications. Solid State Ionics 136, 1241–1247 (2000).",{"doi":4839},"10.1016\u002FS0167-2738(00)00594-4",{"id":26,"text":4841,"url":26,"identifiers":4842},"Marcinek, M. et al. Ionic association in liquid (polyether–Al2O3–LiClO4) composite electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 176, 367–376 (2005).",{"doi":4843},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssi.2004.08.013",{"id":26,"text":4845,"url":26,"identifiers":4846},"Panero, S., Scrosati, B. & Greenbaum, S. G. Ionic conductivity and 7Li NMR study of poly(ethylene glycol) complexed with lithium salts. Electrochim. Acta 37, 1533–1538 (1992).",{"doi":4847},"10.1016\u002F0013-4686(92)80106-V",{"id":26,"text":4849,"url":26,"identifiers":4850},"Borghini, M. C., Mastragostino, M., Passerini, S. & Scrosati, B. Electrochemical properties of polyethylene oxide-Li[(CF3SO2)2N]-gamma-LiAlO2 composite polymer electrolytes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 2118–2121 (1995).",{"doi":4851},"10.1149\u002F1.2044260",{"id":26,"text":4853,"url":26,"identifiers":4854},"Golodnitsky, D. et al. Conduction mechanisms in concentrated LiI-polyethylene oxide-Al2O3-based solid electrolytes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 144, 3484–3491 (1997).",{"doi":4855},"10.1149\u002F1.1838037",{"id":26,"text":4857,"url":26,"identifiers":4858},"Krawiec, W. et al. Polymer nanocomposites: a new strategy for synthesizing solid electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries. J. Power Sources 54, 310–315 (1995).",{"doi":4859},"10.1016\u002F0378-7753(94)02090-P",{"id":26,"text":4861,"url":26,"identifiers":4862},"Wang, C. S., Zhang, X. W. & Appleby, A. J. Solvent-free composite PEO-ceramic fiber\u002Fmat electrolytes for lithium secondary cells. J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, A205–A209 (2005).",{"doi":4863},"10.1149\u002F1.1828952",{"id":26,"text":4865,"url":26,"identifiers":4866},"Li, Q. et al. Cycling performances and interfacial properties of a Li\u002FPEO-Li(CF3SO2)2N-ceramic filler\u002FLiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cell. J. Power Sources 97–98, 795–797 (2001).",{"doi":4867},"10.1016\u002FS0378-7753(01)00610-3",{"id":26,"text":4869,"url":26,"identifiers":4870},"Kanehori, K., Ito, Y., Kirino, F., Miyauchi, K. & Kudo, T. Titanium disulfide films fabricated by plasma CVD. Solid State Ionics 18–19, 818–822 (1986).",{"doi":4871},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(86)90269-9",{"id":26,"text":4873,"url":26,"identifiers":4874},"Ohtsuka, H. & Yamaki, J. Electrical characteristics of Li2OV2O5SiO2 thin films. Solid State Ionics 35, 201–206 (1989).",{"doi":4875},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(89)90296-8",{"id":26,"text":4877,"url":26,"identifiers":4878},"Akridge, J. R. & Vourlis, H. Solid state batteries using vitreous solid electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 18–19, 1082–1087 (1986).",{"doi":4879},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(86)90313-9",{"id":26,"text":4881,"url":26,"identifiers":4882},"Akridge, J. R. & Vourlis, H. Performance of Li\u002FTiS2 solid-state batteries using phosphorus chalcogenide network former glasses as solid electrolyte. Solid State Ionics 28–30, 841–846 (1988).",{"doi":4883},"10.1016\u002FS0167-2738(88)80156-5",{"id":26,"text":4885,"url":26,"identifiers":4886},"Bates, J. B. et al. Fabrication and characterization of amorphous lithium electrolyte thin-films and rechargeable thin-film batteries. J. Power Sources 43, 103–110 (1993).",{"doi":4887},"10.1016\u002F0378-7753(93)80106-Y",{"id":26,"text":4889,"url":26,"identifiers":4890},"Bates, J. B., Dudney, N. J., Neudecker, B., Ueda, A. & Evans, C. D. Thin-film lithium and lithium-ion batteries. Solid State Ionics 135, 33–45 (2000).",{"doi":4891},"10.1016\u002FS0167-2738(00)00327-1",{"id":26,"text":4893,"url":26,"identifiers":4894},"Bates, J. B. et al. Preferred orientation of polycrystalline LiCoO2 films. J. Electrochem. Soc. 147, 59–70 (2000).",{"doi":4895},"10.1149\u002F1.1393157",{"id":26,"text":4897,"url":26,"identifiers":4898},"Magistris, A., Chiodelli, G. & Villa, M. Lithium borophosphate vitreous electrolytes. J. Power Sources 14, 87–91 (1985).",{"doi":4899},"10.1016\u002F0378-7753(85)88016-2",{"id":26,"text":4901,"url":26,"identifiers":4902},"Tealdi, C., Quartarone, E. & Mustarelli, P. in Rechargeable Batteries. Materials, Technologies and New Trends (eds Zhang, Z. & Zhang, S. S. ) 311–335 (Springer, 2015).",{"doi":4903},"10.1007\u002F978-3-319-15458-9_11",{"id":26,"text":4905,"url":26,"identifiers":4906},"Yoon, Y., Park, C., Kim, J. & Shin, D. Characterization of lithium borophosphate glass thin film electrolytes deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering for micro-batteries. Solid State Ionics 225, 636–640 (2012).",{"doi":4907},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssi.2012.05.008",{"id":26,"text":4909,"url":26,"identifiers":4910},"Fleutot, B., Pecquenard, B., Martinez, H. & Levasseur, A. Lithium borophosphate thin film electrolyte as an alternative to LiPON for solder-reflow processed lithium-ion microbatteries. Solid State Ionics 249, 49–55 (2013).",{"doi":4911},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssi.2013.07.009",{"id":26,"text":4913,"url":26,"identifiers":4914},"Aaltonen, T., Alnes, M., Nilsen, O., Costelle, L. & Fjellvag, H. Lanthanum titanate and lithium lanthanum titanate thin films grown by atomic layer deposition. J. Mater. Chem. 20, 2877–2881 (2010).",{"doi":4915},"10.1039\u002Fb923490j",{"id":26,"text":4917,"url":26,"identifiers":4918},"Hamalainen, J. et al. Lithium phosphate thin films grown by atomic layer deposition. J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, A259–A263 (2012).",{"doi":4919},"10.1149\u002F2.052203jes",{"id":26,"text":4921,"url":26,"identifiers":4922},"Comstock, D. J. & Elam, J. W. Mechanistic study of lithium aluminum oxide atomic layer deposition. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 1677–1683 (2013).",{"doi":4923},"10.1021\u002Fjp308828p",{"id":26,"text":4925,"url":26,"identifiers":4926},"Aaltonen, T., Nilsen, O., Magrasó, A. & Fjellvåg, H. Atomic layer deposition of Li2O–Al2O3 thin films. Chem. Mater. 23, 4669–4675 (2011).",{"doi":4927},"10.1021\u002Fcm200899k",{"id":26,"text":4929,"url":26,"identifiers":4930},"Perng, Y. -C. et al. Synthesis of ion conducting LixAlySizO thin films by atomic layer deposition. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 9566–9573 (2014).",{"doi":4931},"10.1039\u002FC3TA14928E",{"id":26,"text":4933,"url":26,"identifiers":4934},"Kozen, A. C., Pearse, A. J., Lin, C. F., Noked, M. & Rubloff, G. W. Atomic layer deposition of the solid electrolyte LiPON. Chem. Mater. 27, 5324–5331 (2015). This paper demonstrates an emerging technique (atomic layer deposition) for the fabrication of lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) thin-film solid electrolyte.",{"doi":4935},"10.1021\u002Facs.chemmater.5b01654",{"id":26,"text":4937,"url":26,"identifiers":4938},"Haruyama, J., Sodeyama, K., Han, L. Y., Takada, K. & Tateyama, Y. Space–charge layer effect at interface between oxide cathode and sulfide electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium-ion battery. Chem. Mater. 26, 4248–4255 (2014).",{"doi":4939},"10.1021\u002Fcm5016959",{"id":26,"text":4941,"url":26,"identifiers":4942},"Sakuda, A., Hayashi, A. & Tatsumisago, M. Intefacial observation between LiCoO2 electrode and Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolytes of all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries using transmission electron microscopy. Chem. Mater. 22, 949–956 (2010).",{"doi":4943},"10.1021\u002Fcm901819c",{"id":26,"text":4945,"url":26,"identifiers":4946},"Sakuda, A. et al. All-solid-state lithium secondary batteries using Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolytes and LiFePO4 electrode particles with amorphous surface layer. Chem. Lett. 41, 260–261 (2012).",{"doi":4947},"10.1246\u002Fcl.2012.260",{"id":26,"text":4949,"url":26,"identifiers":4950},"Kitaura, H., Hayashi, A., Tadanaga, K. & Tatsumisago, M. Improvement of electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries by surface modification of LiMn2O4 positive electrode. Solid State Ionics 192, 304–307 (2011).",{"doi":4951},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssi.2010.08.019",{"id":26,"text":4953,"url":26,"identifiers":4954},"Barghamadi, M. et al. Lithium–sulfur batteries–the solution is in the electrolyte, but is the electrolyte a solution? Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 3902–3920 (2014).",{"doi":4955},"10.1039\u002FC4EE02192D",{"id":26,"text":4957,"url":26,"identifiers":4958},"Yamaguchi, Y. et al. Ab initio simulations of Li\u002Fpyrite-MS2 (M = Fe, Ni) battery cells. J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, A630–A635 (2010).",{"doi":4959},"10.1149\u002F1.3365019",{"id":26,"text":4961,"url":26,"identifiers":4962},"Nagao, M. et al. In situ SEM study of a lithium deposition and dissolution mechanism in a bulk-type solid-state cell with a Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolyte. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 18600–18606 (2013).",{"doi":4963},"10.1039\u002Fc3cp51059j",{"id":26,"text":4965,"url":26,"identifiers":4966},"Sahu, G. et al. Air-stable, high-conduction solid electrolytes of arsenic-substituted Li4SnS4 . Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 1053–1058 (2014).",{"doi":4967},"10.1039\u002FC3EE43357A",{"id":26,"text":4969,"url":26,"identifiers":4970},"Takahara, H. et al. All-solid-state lithium secondary battery using oxysulfide glass. Addition and coating of carbon to positive electrode. J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, A1539–A1544 (2004).",{"doi":4971},"10.1149\u002F1.1784172",{"id":26,"text":4973,"url":26,"identifiers":4974},"Jung, Y. S., Lee, K. T., Kim, J. H., Kwon, J. Y. & Oh, S. M. Thermo-electrochemical activation of an In–Cu intermetallic electrode for the anode in lithium secondary batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 3010–3017 (2008).",{"doi":4975},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.200701526",{"id":26,"text":4977,"url":26,"identifiers":4978},"Takada, K. et al. Solid-state lithium battery with graphite anode. Solid State Ionics 158, 269–274 (2003).",{"doi":4979},"10.1016\u002FS0167-2738(02)00823-8",{"id":26,"text":4981,"url":26,"identifiers":4982},"Takada, K. et al. Compatibility of lithium ion conductive sulfide glass with carbon-lithium electrode. J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, A274–A277 (2003).",{"doi":4983},"10.1149\u002F1.1545453",{"id":26,"text":4985,"url":26,"identifiers":4986},"Baba, M. et al. Fabrication and electrochemical characteristics of all-solid-state lithium-ion rechargeable batteries composed of LiMn2O4 positive and V2O5 negative electrodes. J. Power Sources 97–98, 798–800 (2001).",{"doi":4987},"10.1016\u002FS0378-7753(01)00733-9",{"id":26,"text":4989,"url":26,"identifiers":4990},"Ohta, N. et al. Enhancement of the high-rate capability of solid-state lithium batteries by nanoscale interfacial modification. Adv. Mater. 18, 2226–2230 (2006).",{"doi":4991},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200502604",{"id":26,"text":4993,"url":26,"identifiers":4994},"Takada, K. Progress and prospective of solid-state lithium batteries. Acta Mater. 61, 759–770 (2013).",{"doi":4995},"10.1016\u002Fj.actamat.2012.10.034",{"id":26,"text":4997,"url":26,"identifiers":4998},"Santosh, K. C., Longo, R. C., Xiong, K. & Cho, K. Electrode-electrolyte interface for solid state Li-ion batteries: point defects and mechanical strain. J. Electrochem. Soc. 161, F3104–F3110 (2014).",{"doi":4999},"10.1149\u002F2.0151411jes",{"id":26,"text":5001,"url":26,"identifiers":5002},"Ebner, M., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M. & Wood, V. Visualization and quantification of electrochemical and mechanical degradation in Li ion batteries. Science 342, 716–720 (2013).",{"doi":5003},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1241882",{"id":26,"text":5005,"url":26,"identifiers":5006},"Herbert, E. G., Tenhaeff, W. E., Dudney, N. J. & Pharr, G. M. Mechanical characterization of LiPON films using nanoindentation. Thin Solid Films 520, 413–418 (2011).",{"doi":5007},"10.1016\u002Fj.tsf.2011.07.068",{"id":26,"text":5009,"url":26,"identifiers":5010},"Luntz, A. C., Voss, J. & Reuter, K. Interfacial challenges in solid-state Li ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 4599–4604 (2015).",{"doi":5011},"10.1021\u002Facs.jpclett.5b02352",{"id":26,"text":5013,"url":26,"identifiers":5014},"Gwon, H. et al. Recent progress on flexible lithium rechargeable batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 538–551 (2014). This paper provides a review and perspective of flexible lithium-ion batteries and discusses how flexibility can be introduced into each component (especially the flexible electrolyte materials) of the lithium-ion batteries.",{"doi":5015},"10.1039\u002FC3EE42927J",{"id":26,"text":5017,"url":26,"identifiers":5018},"Qiu, W. L., Ma, X. H., Yang, Q. H., Fu, Y. B. & Zong, X. F. Novel preparation of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte and its application to lithium polymer batteries. J. Power Sources 138, 245–252 (2004).",{"doi":5019},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2004.06.061",{"id":26,"text":5021,"url":26,"identifiers":5022},"Zhang, S. S., Ervin, M. H., Xu, K. & Jow, T. R. Microporous poly(acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate) membrane as a separator of rechargeable lithium battery. Electrochim. Acta 49, 3339–3345 (2004).",{"doi":5023},"10.1016\u002Fj.electacta.2004.02.045",{"id":26,"text":5025,"url":26,"identifiers":5026},"Zhou, W. et al. Plating a dendrite-free lithium anode with a polymer\u002Fceramic\u002Fpolymer sandwich electrolyte. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 9385–9388 (2016).",{"doi":5027},"10.1021\u002Fjacs.6b05341",{"id":26,"text":5029,"url":26,"identifiers":5030},"Li, J. C., Ma, C., Chi, M. F., Liang, C. D. & Dudney, N. J. Solid electrolyte: the key for high-voltage lithium batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1401408 (2015).",{"doi":5031},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201401408",{"id":26,"text":5033,"url":26,"identifiers":5034},"Tealdi, C., Heath, J. & Islam, M. S. Feeling the strain: enhancing ionic transport in olivine phosphate cathodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries through strain effects. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 6998–7004 (2016).",{"doi":5035},"10.1039\u002FC5TA09418F",{"id":26,"text":5037,"url":26,"identifiers":5038},"Brunetti, G. et al. Confirmation of the domino-cascade model by LiFePO4\u002FFePO4 precession electron diffraction. Chem. Mater. 23, 4515–4524 (2011).",{"doi":5039},"10.1021\u002Fcm201783z",{"id":26,"text":5041,"url":26,"identifiers":5042},"Xu, B., Qian, D. N., Wang, Z. Y. & Meng, Y. S. L. Recent progress in cathode materials research for advanced lithium ion batteries. Mater. Sci. Eng. R. 73, 51–65 (2012).",{"doi":5043},"10.1016\u002Fj.mser.2012.05.003",{"id":26,"text":5045,"url":26,"identifiers":5046},"Semkow, K. W. & Sammells, A. F. A lithium oxygen secondary battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 134, C412–C413 (1987).",{},{"id":26,"text":3205,"url":26,"identifiers":5048},{"doi":3207},{"id":26,"text":5050,"url":26,"identifiers":5051},"Read, J. Characterization of the lithium\u002Foxygen organic electrolyte battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149, A1190–A1195 (2002).",{"doi":5052},"10.1149\u002F1.1498256",{"id":26,"text":5054,"url":26,"identifiers":5055},"Kuboki, T., Okuyama, T., Ohsaki, T. & Takami, N. Lithium-air batteries using hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte. J. Power Sources 146, 766–769 (2005).",{"doi":5056},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2005.03.082",{"id":26,"text":5058,"url":26,"identifiers":5059},"Ogasawara, T., Debart, A., Holzapfel, M., Novak, P. & Bruce, P. G. Rechargeable Li2O2 electrode for lithium batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 1390–1393 (2006).",{"doi":5060},"10.1021\u002Fja056811q",{"id":26,"text":5062,"url":26,"identifiers":5063},"Débart, A., Bao, J., Armstrong, G. & Bruce, P. G. An O2 cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries: the effect of a catalyst. J. Power Sources 174, 1177–1182 (2007).",{"doi":5064},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2007.06.180",{"id":26,"text":5066,"url":26,"identifiers":5067},"Girishkumar, G., McCloskey, B., Luntz, A. C., Swanson, S. & Wilcke, W. Lithium–air battery: promise and challenges. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 2193–2203 (2010).",{"doi":5068},"10.1021\u002Fjz1005384",{"id":26,"text":5070,"url":26,"identifiers":5071},"Zhou, H. S., Wang, Y. G., Li, H. Q. & He, P. The development of a new type of rechargeable batteries based on hybrid electrolytes. ChemSusChem 3, 1009–1019 (2010).",{"doi":5072},"10.1002\u002Fcssc.201000123",{"id":26,"text":5074,"url":26,"identifiers":5075},"Lee, J. S. et al. Metal–air batteries with high energy density: Li–air versus Zn–air. Adv. Energy Mater. 1, 34–50 (2011).",{"doi":5076},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201000010",{"id":26,"text":5078,"url":26,"identifiers":5079},"Christensen, J. et al. A critical review of Li\u002Fair batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, R1–R30 (2012).",{"doi":5080},"10.1149\u002F2.086202jes",{"id":26,"text":5082,"url":26,"identifiers":5083},"Kitaura, H. & Zhou, H. S. Electrochemical performance of solid-state lithium–air batteries using carbon nanotube catalyst in the air electrode. Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 889–894 (2012).",{"doi":5084},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201100789",{"id":26,"text":3227,"url":26,"identifiers":5086},{"doi":3229},{"id":26,"text":5088,"url":26,"identifiers":5089},"Zhang, T. et al. A novel high energy density rechargeable lithium\u002Fair battery. Chem. Commun. 46, 1661–1663 (2010).",{"doi":5090},"10.1039\u002Fb920012f",{"id":26,"text":5092,"url":26,"identifiers":5093},"He, P., Wang, Y. G. & Zhou, H. S. A Li-air fuel cell with recycle aqueous electrolyte for improved stability. Electrochem. Commun. 12, 1686–1689 (2010).",{"doi":5094},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2010.09.025",{"id":26,"text":5096,"url":26,"identifiers":5097},"Li, L. J., Chai, S. H., Dai, S. & Manthiram, A. Advanced hybrid Li–air batteries with high-performance mesoporous nanocatalysts. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 2630–2636 (2014). This paper demonstrates a solid-electrolyte lithium–air battery with the best cycling performance among the hybrid lithium–air battery studies.",{"doi":5098},"10.1039\u002FC4EE00814F",{"id":26,"text":5100,"url":26,"identifiers":5101},"Li, L. J., Fu, Y. Z. & Manthiram, A. Imidazole-buffered acidic catholytes for hybrid Li–air batteries with high practical energy density. Electrochem. Commun. 47, 67–70 (2014).",{"doi":5102},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2014.07.027",{"id":26,"text":5104,"url":26,"identifiers":5105},"Li, L. J., Liu, C., He, G., Fan, D. L. & Manthiram, A. Hierarchical pore-in-pore and wire-in-wire catalysts for rechargeable Zn– and Li–air batteries with ultra-long cycle life and high cell efficiency. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 3274–3282 (2015).",{"doi":5106},"10.1039\u002FC5EE02616D",{"id":26,"text":5108,"url":26,"identifiers":5109},"Li, L. J., Liu, S. Y. & Manthiram, A. Co3O4 nanocrystals coupled with O- and N-doped carbon nanoweb as a synergistic catalyst for hybrid Li–air batteries. Nano Energy 12, 852–860 (2015).",{"doi":5110},"10.1016\u002Fj.nanoen.2014.10.036",{"id":26,"text":5112,"url":26,"identifiers":5113},"Li, L. J. & Manthiram, A. Dual-electrolyte lithium–air batteries: influence of catalyst, temperature, and solid-electrolyte conductivity on the efficiency and power density. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 5121–5127 (2013).",{"doi":5114},"10.1039\u002Fc3ta01241g",{"id":26,"text":5116,"url":26,"identifiers":5117},"Li, L. J. & Manthiram, A. Decoupled bifunctional air electrodes for high-performance hybrid lithium-air batteries. Nano Energy 9, 94–100 (2014).",{"doi":5118},"10.1016\u002Fj.nanoen.2014.07.002",{"id":26,"text":5120,"url":26,"identifiers":5121},"Li, L. J. & Manthiram, A. O- and N-doped carbon nanowebs as metal-free catalysts for hybrid Li-air batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 4, 1301795 (2014).",{"doi":5122},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201301795",{"id":26,"text":5124,"url":26,"identifiers":5125},"Li, L. J., Zhao, X. S., Fu, Y. Z. & Manthiram, A. Polyprotic acid catholyte for high capacity dual-electrolyte Li–air batteries. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 12737–12740 (2012).",{"doi":5126},"10.1039\u002Fc2cp42250f",{"id":26,"text":5128,"url":26,"identifiers":5129},"Li, L. J., Zhao, X. S. & Manthiram, A. A dual-electrolyte rechargeable Li-air battery with phosphate buffer catholyte. Electrochem. Commun. 14, 78–81 (2012).",{"doi":5130},"10.1016\u002Fj.elecom.2011.11.007",{"id":26,"text":5132,"url":26,"identifiers":5133},"Manthiram, A. & Li, L. J. Hybrid and aqueous lithium-air batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1401302 (2015). This paper provides an overview of recent developments in hybrid and aqueous lithium–air batteries and discusses the benefits of adopting a cell configuration that uses a lithium-ion solid electrolyte to protect the lithium-metal anode.",{"doi":5134},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201401302",{"id":26,"text":5136,"url":26,"identifiers":5137},"Wang, Y. G. & Zhou, H. S. A lithium-air battery with a potential to continuously reduce O2 from air for delivering energy. J. Power Sources 195, 358–361 (2010).",{"doi":5138},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2009.06.109",{"id":26,"text":5140,"url":26,"identifiers":5141},"Bruce, P. G., Freunberger, S. A., Hardwick, L. J. & Tarascon, J. M. Li–O2 and Li–S batteries with high energy storage. Nat. Mater. 11, 19–29 (2012).",{"doi":2753},{"id":26,"text":5143,"url":26,"identifiers":5144},"Hasegawa, S. et al. Study on lithium\u002Fair secondary batteries—stability of NASICON-type lithium ion conducting glass–ceramics with water. J. Power Sources 189, 371–377 (2009).",{"doi":3222},{"id":26,"text":5146,"url":26,"identifiers":5147},"Bresser, D., Passerini, S. & Scrosati, B. Recent progress and remaining challenges in sulfur-based lithium secondary batteries – a review. Chem. Commun. 49, 10545–10562 (2013).",{"doi":5148},"10.1039\u002Fc3cc46131a",{"id":26,"text":5150,"url":26,"identifiers":5151},"Chen, R. J., Zhao, T. & Wu, F. From a historic review to horizons beyond: lithium–sulphur batteries run on the wheels. Chem. Commun. 51, 18–33 (2015).",{"doi":5152},"10.1039\u002FC4CC05109B",{"id":26,"text":5154,"url":26,"identifiers":5155},"Scheers, J., Fantini, S. & Johansson, P. A review of electrolytes for lithium–sulphur batteries. J. Power Sources 255, 204–218 (2014).",{"doi":5156},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2014.01.023",{"id":26,"text":5158,"url":26,"identifiers":5159},"Zhang, Q., Cheng, X. B., Huang, J. Q., Peng, H. J. & Wei, F. Review of carbon materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries. New Carbon Mater. 29, 241–264 (2014).",{"doi":5160},"10.1016\u002FS1872-5805(14)60128-1",{"id":26,"text":5162,"url":26,"identifiers":5163},"Fang, X. & Peng, H. S. A revolution in electrodes: recent progress in rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries. Small 11, 1488–1511 (2015).",{"doi":5164},"10.1002\u002Fsmll.201402354",{"id":26,"text":5166,"url":26,"identifiers":5167},"Li, Z., Huang, Y. M., Yuan, L. X., Hao, Z. X. & Huang, Y. H. Status and prospects in sulfur–carbon composites as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries. Carbon 92, 41–63 (2015).",{"doi":5168},"10.1016\u002Fj.carbon.2015.03.008",{"id":26,"text":5170,"url":26,"identifiers":5171},"Bruce, P. G., Hardwick, L. J. & Abraham, K. M. Lithium-air and lithium-sulfur batteries. MRS Bull. 36, 506–512 (2011).",{"doi":5172},"10.1557\u002Fmrs.2011.157",{"id":26,"text":5174,"url":26,"identifiers":5175},"Nazar, L. F., Cuisinier, M. & Pang, Q. Lithium-sulfur batteries. MRS Bull. 39, 436–442 (2014).",{"doi":5176},"10.1557\u002Fmrs.2014.86",{"id":26,"text":5178,"url":26,"identifiers":5179},"Zhang, S. S. Liquid electrolyte lithium\u002Fsulfur battery: fundamental chemistry, problems, and solutions. J. Power Sources 231, 153–162 (2013).",{"doi":5180},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2012.12.102",{"id":26,"text":5182,"url":26,"identifiers":5183},"Hu, J. J., Li, G. R. & Gao, X. P. Current status, problems and challenges in lithium–sulfur batteries. J. Inorg. Mater. 28, 1181–1186 (2013).",{"doi":5184},"10.3724\u002FSP.J.1077.2013.13387",{"id":26,"text":5186,"url":26,"identifiers":5187},"Song, J. X. et al. Strong lithium polysulfide chemisorption on electroactive sites of nitrogen-doped carbon composites for high-performance lithium–sulfur battery cathodes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 4325–4329 (2015).",{"doi":5188},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201411109",{"id":26,"text":5190,"url":26,"identifiers":5191},"Song, J. et al. Polysulfide rejection layer from alpha-lipoic acid for high performance lithium–sulfur battery. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 323–330 (2015).",{"doi":5192},"10.1039\u002FC4TA03625E",{"id":26,"text":5194,"url":26,"identifiers":5195},"Huang, J. Q. et al. Ionic shield for polysulfides towards highly-stable lithium–sulfur batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 347–353 (2014).",{"doi":5196},"10.1039\u002FC3EE42223B",{"id":26,"text":5198,"url":26,"identifiers":5199},"Hart, C. J. et al. Rational design of sulphur host materials for Li–S batteries: correlating lithium polysulphide adsorptivity and self-discharge capacity loss. Chem. Commun. 51, 2308–2311 (2015).",{"doi":5200},"10.1039\u002FC4CC08980D",{"id":26,"text":5202,"url":26,"identifiers":5203},"Liang, X. et al. A highly efficient polysulfide mediator for lithium–sulfur batteries. Nat. Commun. 6, 5682 (2015).",{"doi":5204},"10.1038\u002Fncomms6682",{"id":26,"text":5206,"url":26,"identifiers":5207},"Chung, S. H., Han, P., Singhal, R., Kalra, V. & Manthiram, A. Electrochemically stable rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries with a microporous carbon nanofiber filter for polysulfide. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1500738 (2015).",{"doi":5208},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201500738",{"id":26,"text":5210,"url":26,"identifiers":5211},"Zhou, G. M., Paek, E., Hwang, G. S. & Manthiram, A. Long-life Li\u002Fpolysulphide batteries with high sulphur loading enabled by lightweight three-dimensional nitrogen\u002Fsulphur-codoped graphene sponge. Nat. Commun. 6, 7760 (2015).",{"doi":5212},"10.1038\u002Fncomms8760",{"id":26,"text":5214,"url":26,"identifiers":5215},"Su, Y. S., Fu, Y. Z., Cochell, T. & Manthiram, A. A strategic approach to recharging lithium-sulphur batteries for long cycle life. Nat. Commun. 4, 2985 (2013).",{"doi":5216},"10.1038\u002Fncomms3985",{"id":26,"text":5218,"url":26,"identifiers":5219},"Chung, S. H. & Manthiram, A. A polyethylene glycol-supported microporous carbon coating as a polysulfide trap for utilizing pure sulfur cathodes in lithium–sulfur batteries. Adv. Mater. 26, 7352–7357 (2014).",{"doi":5220},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201402893",{"id":26,"text":5222,"url":26,"identifiers":5223},"Zheng, J. M. et al. Lewis acid–base interactions between polysulfides and metal organic framework in lithium sulfur batteries. Nano Lett. 14, 2345–2352 (2014).",{"doi":5224},"10.1021\u002Fnl404721h",{"id":26,"text":5226,"url":26,"identifiers":5227},"Hassoun, J. & Scrosati, B. Moving to a solid-state configuration: a valid approach to making lithium-sulfur batteries viable for practical applications. Adv. Mater. 22, 5198–5203 (2010).",{"doi":5228},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201002584",{"id":26,"text":5230,"url":26,"identifiers":5231},"Hayashi, A., Ohtsubo, R., Ohtomo, T., Mizuno, F. & Tatsumisago, M. All-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries with Li2S as a positive electrode material. J. Power Sources 183, 422–426 (2008).",{"doi":5232},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2008.05.031",{"id":26,"text":3166,"url":26,"identifiers":5234},{"doi":3168},{"id":26,"text":5236,"url":26,"identifiers":5237},"Nagao, M. et al. Reaction mechanism of all-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery with two-dimensional mesoporous carbon electrodes. J. Power Sources 243, 60–64 (2013).",{"doi":5238},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2013.05.037",{"id":26,"text":5240,"url":26,"identifiers":5241},"Nagao, M. et al. All-solid-state Li–sulfur batteries with mesoporous electrode and thio-LISICON solid electrolyte. J. Power Sources 222, 237–242 (2013).",{"doi":5242},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2012.08.041",{"id":26,"text":5244,"url":26,"identifiers":5245},"Li, N. et al. An aqueous dissolved polysulfide cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 3307–3312 (2014).",{"doi":5246},"10.1039\u002FC4EE01717J",{"id":26,"text":5248,"url":26,"identifiers":5249},"Yu, X., Bi, Z., Zhao, F. & Manthiram, A. Polysulfide-shuttle control in lithium-sulfur batteries with a chemically\u002Felectrochemically compatible NaSICON-type solid electrolyte. Adv. Energy Mater. 6, 1601392 (2016). This paper demonstrates an important approach in controlling the polysulfide-crossover problem in lithium–sulfur batteries with a chemically and electrochemically compatible NASICON-type lithium-ion solid electrolyte.",{"doi":5250},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201601392",{"id":26,"text":5252,"url":26,"identifiers":5253},"Wang, Q. S. et al. A shuttle effect free lithium sulfur battery based on a hybrid electrolyte. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 21225–21229 (2014).",{"doi":5254},"10.1039\u002FC4CP03694H",{"id":26,"text":5256,"url":26,"identifiers":5257},"Lühder, K., Schmidt, L., Schnittke, A. & Füllbier, H. A study on novel lithium-iodine and lithium-bromine solid electrolyte batteries. J. Power Sources 40, 257–263 (1992).",{"doi":5258},"10.1016\u002F0378-7753(92)80013-2",{"id":26,"text":5260,"url":26,"identifiers":5261},"Chang, Z. et al. Rechargeable Li\u002F\u002FBr battery: a promising platform for post lithium ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 19444–19450 (2014). This paper demonstrates a rechargeable lithium–bromine battery platform operated with a lithium-ion solid electrolyte, an aqueous bromine cathode and a non-aqueous lithium anode.",{"doi":4612},{"id":26,"text":5263,"url":26,"identifiers":5264},"Bai, P., Viswanathan, V. & Bazant, M. Z. A dual-mode rechargeable lithium–bromine\u002Foxygen fuel cell. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 14165–14172 (2015).",{"doi":5265},"10.1039\u002FC5TA03335G",{"id":26,"text":5267,"url":26,"identifiers":5268},"Takemoto, K. & Yamada, H. Development of rechargeable lithium–bromine batteries with lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1740, 381 (2015).",{"doi":5269},"10.1557\u002Fopl.2015.381",{"id":26,"text":5271,"url":26,"identifiers":5272},"Bai, P. & Bazant, M. Z. Performance and degradation of a lithium-bromine rechargeable fuel cell using highly concentrated catholytes. Electrochim. Acta 202, 216–223 (2016).",{"doi":5273},"10.1016\u002Fj.electacta.2016.04.010",{"id":26,"text":5275,"url":26,"identifiers":5276},"Gong, M. & Dai, H. J. A mini review of NiFe-based materials as highly active oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts. Nano Res. 8, 23–39 (2015).",{"doi":5277},"10.1007\u002Fs12274-014-0591-z",{"id":26,"text":5279,"url":26,"identifiers":5280},"Linden, D. Handbook of Batteries 2nd edn (McGraw Hill, 1995).",{},{"id":26,"text":5282,"url":26,"identifiers":5283},"Plust, H. G. Alkali batteries for electric vehicles —technical and economic aspects. Chem. Ing. Tech. 51, 583–593 (1979).",{"doi":5284},"10.1002\u002Fcite.330510607",{"id":26,"text":5286,"url":26,"identifiers":5287},"Licht, S., Wang, B. H. & Ghosh, S. Energetic iron(vi) chemistry: the super-iron battery. Science 285, 1039–1042 (1999).",{"doi":5288},"10.1126\u002Fscience.285.5430.1039",{"id":26,"text":5290,"url":26,"identifiers":5291},"Licht, S. & Yu, X. W. An alkaline periodate cathode and its unusual solubility behavior in KOH. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 10, A36–A39 (2007).",{"doi":5292},"10.1149\u002F1.2402481",{"id":26,"text":5294,"url":26,"identifiers":5295},"Köhler, J., Imanaka, N. & Adachi, G. Y. Multivalent cationic conduction in crystalline solids. Chem. Mater. 10, 3790–3812 (1998).",{"doi":5296},"10.1021\u002Fcm980473t",{"id":26,"text":5298,"url":26,"identifiers":5299},"Ikeda, S., Kanbayashi, Y., Nomura, K., Kasai, A. & Ito, K. Solid electrolytes with multivalent cation conduction (2) zinc ion conduction in Zn-Zr-PO4 system. Solid State Ionics 40–41, 79–82 (1990).",{"doi":5300},"10.1016\u002F0167-2738(90)90291-X",{"id":26,"text":5302,"url":26,"identifiers":5303},"Li, L. & Manthiram, A. Long-life, high-voltage acidic Zn–air batteries Adv. Energy Mater. 6, 1502054 (2015). This paper demonstrates a new approach for the development of zinc–air batteries with a mediator-ion solid electrolyte that enables an alkaline Zn\u002FZn(OH)42− redox reaction at the anode side, and an acidic oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction at the cathode side.",{"doi":5304},"10.1002\u002Faenm.201502054",{"id":5306,"createTime":5307,"updateTime":5307,"relativeEntities":5308,"slug":5309,"properties":5310,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":5307,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":5325,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":5326,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":5327,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":5366,"citationCount":5396,"citationInfo":5397,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":5406,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"348ebdf0-41a2-42a7-a6be-e84538c953c2","2024-10-15T01:38:08.110+00:00",[],"Designing-hydrogels-for-controlled-drug-delivery",{"mag":5311,"keywords":5313,"pmc":5314,"openalex":5316,"abstract":5318,"title":5319,"pm":5321,"doi":5323},{"VOID":5312},"2539107597",{},{"VOID":5315},"5898614",{"VOID":5317},"W2539107597",{},{"EN":5320},"Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery",{"VOID":5322},"29657852",{"VOID":5324},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2016.71",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats201671",[5328,5349],{"id":5329,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":5330,"affiliations":5331,"properties":5342},"82586b12-6727-4ddb-b0a3-27b91a187cac",[],[5332],{"id":5333,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":5334,"properties":26},"bcf7d9dd-0b1b-4eb3-afed-bcd283a30351",{"id":5335,"createTime":5336,"updateTime":5336,"relativeEntities":5337,"slug":5338,"properties":5339,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"a997f5ba-d247-4086-b7e2-e50d227fdf43","2024-10-15T01:38:08.129+00:00",[],"John-A-Paulson-School-of-Engineering-and-Applied-Sciences-and-the-Wyss-Institute-for-Biologically-Inspired-Engineering-Harvard-University-Cambridge-02138-Massachusetts-USA",{"title":5340},{"EN":5341},"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA",{"openalex":5343,"orcid":5345,"title":5347},{"VOID":5344},"A5001336137",{"VOID":5346},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-6299-1194",{"EN":5348},"David Mooney",{"id":5350,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":5351,"affiliations":5352,"properties":5359},"7e79ea7d-f901-47e8-9c5a-478a04f13db1",[],[5353],{"id":5354,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":5355,"properties":26},"c6fc8475-e81b-4310-a606-707ac84374f2",{"id":5335,"createTime":5336,"updateTime":5336,"relativeEntities":5356,"slug":5338,"properties":5357,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":5358},{"EN":5341},{"openalex":5360,"orcid":5362,"title":5364},{"VOID":5361},"A5100632974",{"VOID":5363},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1128-6804",{"EN":5365},"Jianyu Li",{"url":26,"publisher":5367,"properties":5392},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":5368,"slug":663,"properties":5369,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":5375,"manageAffiliations":5376,"indexDatabases":5377,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":5370,"issn":5371,"introduce":5372,"eissn":5373,"title":5374},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[5378,5385],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":5379,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":5384,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":5380,"label":5381,"description":5382,"key":772,"publicationTags":5383,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":5386,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":5391,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":5387,"label":5388,"description":5389,"key":748,"publicationTags":5390,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":5393,"issue":5394},{"VOID":2720},{"VOID":5395},"12",3328,{"total":5396,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":5398},{"2017":284,"2018":5399,"2019":5400,"2020":5401,"2021":5402,"2022":5403,"2023":5404,"2024":5405},170,335,540,580,525,641,479,[5407,5410,5414,5418,5422,5426,5430,5434,5438,5442,5446,5450,5454,5458,5462,5466,5469,5473,5477,5481,5485,5489,5493,5497,5501,5505,5509,5513,5517,5521,5525,5529,5533,5537,5541,5545,5549,5553,5557,5561,5565,5569,5573,5577,5581,5585,5589,5593,5597,5601,5605,5609,5613,5617,5621,5625,5629,5633,5637,5641,5645,5649,5653,5657,5661,5665,5669,5673,5677,5681,5685,5687,5691,5695,5699,5703,5707,5711,5715,5719,5723,5727,5731,5735,5739,5743,5747,5751,5755,5759,5763,5767,5771,5774,5778,5782,5786,5790,5794,5798,5802,5806,5810,5814,5818,5822,5826,5830,5834,5838,5842,5846,5850,5854,5858,5862,5866,5870,5874,5878,5882,5886,5890,5894,5898,5902,5906,5910,5914,5918,5922,5926,5930,5934,5938,5942,5946,5950,5954,5958,5962,5966,5970,5974,5978,5982,5986,5990,5994,5998,6002,6006,6010,6014,6018,6022,6026,6030,6034,6038,6042,6046,6050,6054,6058,6062,6066,6070,6074,6078,6082,6086,6090,6094,6098,6102,6106,6110,6114,6118,6122,6126,6130,6134,6138,6142,6146,6150,6154,6158,6162,6166,6170,6174,6178,6182,6186,6190,6194,6198,6202,6206,6210,6214,6218,6222,6226,6230,6234,6238,6242,6246,6250,6254,6258,6262,6266,6270,6274,6278,6282,6286,6290,6294,6298,6302,6306,6310,6314,6318,6322,6326,6330,6334,6338,6342,6346,6350],{"id":26,"text":5408,"url":26,"identifiers":5409},"Langer, R. Drug delivery and targeting. Nature 392, 5–10 (1998).",{},{"id":26,"text":5411,"url":26,"identifiers":5412},"Hoare, T. R. & Kohane, D. S. Hydrogels in drug delivery: progress and challenges. Polymer 49, 1993–2007 (2008).",{"doi":5413},"10.1016\u002Fj.polymer.2008.01.027",{"id":26,"text":5415,"url":26,"identifiers":5416},"Liechty, W. B., Kryscio, D. R., Slaughter, B. V. & Peppas, N. A. Polymers for drug delivery systems. Ann. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 1, 149–173 (2010).",{"doi":5417},"10.1146\u002Fannurev-chembioeng-073009-100847",{"id":26,"text":5419,"url":26,"identifiers":5420},"Cohen, J. IL-12 deaths: explanation and a puzzle. Science 270, 908 (1995).",{"doi":5421},"10.1126\u002Fscience.270.5238.908.a",{"id":26,"text":5423,"url":26,"identifiers":5424},"Florence, A. T. & Jani, P. U. Novel oral drug formulations. Drug Safety 10, 233–266 (1994).",{"doi":5425},"10.2165\u002F00002018-199410030-00005",{"id":26,"text":5427,"url":26,"identifiers":5428},"Ashley, G. W., Henise, J., Reid, R. & Santi, D. V. Hydrogel drug delivery system with predictable and tunable drug release and degradation rates. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 2318–2323 (2013). This study features cleavable covalent linkages with tunable half-lives over a wide range and demonstrates different drug release kinetics by orchestrating the rates of bulk erosion and linkage cleavage independently.",{"doi":5429},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1215498110",{"id":26,"text":5431,"url":26,"identifiers":5432},"Tiwari, G. et al. Drug delivery systems: an updated review. Int. J. Pharm. Investig. 2, 2–11 (2012).",{"doi":5433},"10.4103\u002F2230-973X.96920",{"id":26,"text":5435,"url":26,"identifiers":5436},"Tibbitt, M. W., Dahlman, J. E. & Langer, R. Emerging frontiers in drug delivery. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 704–717 (2016).",{"doi":5437},"10.1021\u002Fjacs.5b09974",{"id":26,"text":5439,"url":26,"identifiers":5440},"Calvert, P. Hydrogels for soft machines. Adv. Mater. 21, 743–756 (2009).",{"doi":5441},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200800534",{"id":26,"text":5443,"url":26,"identifiers":5444},"Arakaki, K. et al. Artificial cartilage made from a novel double-network hydrogel: in vivo effects on the normal cartilage and ex vivo evaluation of the friction property. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 93A, 1160–1168 (2010).",{"doi":5445},"10.1002\u002Fjbm.a.32613",{"id":26,"text":5447,"url":26,"identifiers":5448},"Li, J., Illeperuma, W. R., Suo, Z. & Vlassak, J. J. Hybrid hydrogels with extremely high stiffness and toughness. ACS Macro Lett. 3, 520–523 (2014).",{"doi":5449},"10.1021\u002Fmz5002355",{"id":26,"text":5451,"url":26,"identifiers":5452},"Bodugoz-Senturk, H., Macias, C. E., Kung, J. H. & Muratoglu, O. K. Poly(vinyl alcohol)–acrylamide hydrogels as load-bearing cartilage substitute. Biomaterials 30, 589–596 (2009).",{"doi":5453},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2008.10.010",{"id":26,"text":5455,"url":26,"identifiers":5456},"Su, J., Hu, B.-H., Lowe, W. L., Kaufman, D. B. & Messersmith, P. B. Anti-inflammatory peptide-functionalized hydrogels for insulin-secreting cell encapsulation. Biomaterials 31, 308–314 (2010). This study demonstrates a synergy between adhesion ligands and cytokine-suppressive peptides, which improves viability of insulin-secreting cells in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines.",{"doi":5457},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2009.09.045",{"id":26,"text":5459,"url":26,"identifiers":5460},"Reichert, J. M. Trends in development and approval times for new therapeutics in the United States. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2, 695–702 (2003).",{"doi":5461},"10.1038\u002Fnrd1178",{"id":26,"text":5463,"url":26,"identifiers":5464},"Leader, B., Baca, Q. J. & Golan, D. E. Protein therapeutics: a summary and pharmacological classification. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 7, 21–39 (2008).",{"doi":5465},"10.1038\u002Fnrd2399",{"id":26,"text":5467,"url":26,"identifiers":5468},"Khan, T. A. & Peh, K. K. & Ch'ng, H. S. Mechanical, bioadhesive strength and biological evaluations of chitosan films for wound dressing. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 3, 303–311 (2000).",{},{"id":26,"text":5470,"url":26,"identifiers":5471},"Mahdavi, A. et al. A biodegradable and biocompatible gecko-inspired tissue adhesive. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 2307–2312 (2008).",{"doi":5472},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0712117105",{"id":26,"text":5474,"url":26,"identifiers":5475},"Di, J. et al. Stretch-triggered drug delivery from wearable elastomer films containing therapeutic depots. ACS Nano 9, 9407–9415 (2015).",{"doi":5476},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b03975",{"id":26,"text":5478,"url":26,"identifiers":5479},"Bessa, P. C., Casal, M. & Reis, R. Bone morphogenetic proteins in tissue engineering: the road from laboratory to clinic, part II (BMP delivery). J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2, 81–96 (2008).",{"doi":5480},"10.1002\u002Fterm.74",{"id":26,"text":5482,"url":26,"identifiers":5483},"Thorn, R., Greeman, J. & Austin, A. An in vitro study of antimicrobial activity and efficacy of iodine-generating hydrogel dressings. J. Wound Care 15, 305 (2006).",{"doi":5484},"10.12968\u002Fjowc.2006.15.7.26929",{"id":26,"text":5486,"url":26,"identifiers":5487},"Momoh, F. U., Boateng, J. S., Richardson, S. C., Chowdhry, B. Z. & Mitchell, J. C. Development and functional characterization of alginate dressing as potential protein delivery system for wound healing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 81, 137–150 (2015).",{"doi":5488},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijbiomac.2015.07.037",{"id":26,"text":5490,"url":26,"identifiers":5491},"Pandit, A., Ashar, R. & Feldman, D. The effect of TGF-β delivered through a collagen scaffold on wound healing. J. Invest. Surg. 12, 89–100 (1999).",{"doi":5492},"10.1080\u002F089419399272647",{"id":26,"text":5494,"url":26,"identifiers":5495},"Jayakumar, R., Prabaharan, M., Kumar, P. S., Nair, S. & Tamura, H. Biomaterials based on chitin and chitosan in wound dressing applications. Biotechnol. Adv. 29, 322–337 (2011).",{"doi":5496},"10.1016\u002Fj.biotechadv.2011.01.005",{"id":26,"text":5498,"url":26,"identifiers":5499},"Lee, K. Y. & Mooney, D. J. Alginate: properties and biomedical applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 37, 106–126 (2012).",{"doi":5500},"10.1016\u002Fj.progpolymsci.2011.06.003",{"id":26,"text":5502,"url":26,"identifiers":5503},"Tellechea, A. et al. Alginate and DNA gels are suitable delivery systems for diabetic wound healing. Int. J. Low. Extrem. Wounds 14, 146–153 (2015).",{"doi":5504},"10.1177\u002F1534734615580018",{"id":26,"text":5506,"url":26,"identifiers":5507},"Zhang, L., Chen, J. & Han, C. A multicenter clinical trial of recombinant human GM-CSF hydrogel for the treatment of deep second-degree burns. Wound Repair Regen. 17, 685–689 (2009).",{"doi":5508},"10.1111\u002Fj.1524-475X.2009.00526.x",{"id":26,"text":5510,"url":26,"identifiers":5511},"Liu, W., Griffith, M. & Li, F. Alginate microsphere-collagen composite hydrogel for ocular drug delivery and implantation. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 19, 3365–3371 (2008).",{"doi":5512},"10.1007\u002Fs10856-008-3486-2",{"id":26,"text":5514,"url":26,"identifiers":5515},"Dash, A. & Cudworth, G. Therapeutic applications of implantable drug delivery systems. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods 40, 1–12 (1998).",{"doi":5516},"10.1016\u002FS1056-8719(98)00027-6",{"id":26,"text":5518,"url":26,"identifiers":5519},"Yu, L. & Ding, J. Injectable hydrogels as unique biomedical materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 1473–1481 (2008).",{"doi":5520},"10.1039\u002Fb713009k",{"id":26,"text":5522,"url":26,"identifiers":5523},"Silva, E. A. & Mooney, D. J. Spatiotemporal control of vascular endothelial growth factor delivery from injectable hydrogels enhances angiogenesis. J. Thromb. Haemost. 5, 590–598 (2007). This study demonstrates the ability of needle-injectable alginate hydrogels to regulate the temporal and spatial presentation of VEGF for the treatment of ischaemic diseases in a rodent model.",{"doi":5524},"10.1111\u002Fj.1538-7836.2007.02386.x",{"id":26,"text":5526,"url":26,"identifiers":5527},"Silva, E. A., Kim, E.-S., Kong, H. J. & Mooney, D. J. Material-based deployment enhances efficacy of endothelial progenitor cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 14347–14352 (2008).",{"doi":5528},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0803873105",{"id":26,"text":5530,"url":26,"identifiers":5531},"Hiemstra, C. et al. In vitro and in vivo protein delivery from in situ forming poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactide) hydrogels. J. Control. Release 119, 320–327 (2007).",{"doi":5532},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2007.03.014",{"id":26,"text":5534,"url":26,"identifiers":5535},"Jin, R. et al. Synthesis and characterization of hyaluronic acid–poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels via Michael addition: an injectable biomaterial for cartilage repair. Acta Biomater. 6, 1968–1977 (2010).",{"doi":5536},"10.1016\u002Fj.actbio.2009.12.024",{"id":26,"text":5538,"url":26,"identifiers":5539},"Lim, D. W., Nettles, D. L., Setton, L. A. & Chilkoti, A. Rapid cross-linking of elastin-like polypeptides with (hydroxymethyl) phosphines in aqueous solution. Biomacromolecules 8, 1463–1470 (2007).",{"doi":5540},"10.1021\u002Fbm061059m",{"id":26,"text":5542,"url":26,"identifiers":5543},"Wieduwild, R. et al. Minimal peptide motif for non-covalent peptide–heparin hydrogels. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 2919–2922 (2013).",{"doi":5544},"10.1021\u002Fja312022u",{"id":26,"text":5546,"url":26,"identifiers":5547},"Kiick, K. L. Peptide-and protein-mediated assembly of heparinized hydrogels. Soft Matter 4, 29–37 (2008).",{"doi":5548},"10.1039\u002FB711319F",{"id":26,"text":5550,"url":26,"identifiers":5551},"Ishii, S., Kaneko, J. & Nagasaki, Y. Development of a long-acting, protein-loaded, redox-active, injectable gel formed by a polyion complex for local protein therapeutics. Biomaterials 84, 210–218 (2016).",{"doi":5552},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2016.01.029",{"id":26,"text":5554,"url":26,"identifiers":5555},"Desai, R. M., Koshy, S. T., Hilderbrand, S. A., Mooney, D. J. & Joshi, N. S. Versatile click alginate hydrogels crosslinked via tetrazine–norbornene chemistry. Biomaterials 50, 30–37 (2015).",{"doi":5556},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2015.01.048",{"id":26,"text":5558,"url":26,"identifiers":5559},"Jewett, J. C. & Bertozzi, C. R. Cu-free click cycloaddition reactions in chemical biology. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 1272–1279 (2010).",{"doi":5560},"10.1039\u002Fb901970g",{"id":26,"text":5562,"url":26,"identifiers":5563},"DeForest, C. A. & Anseth, K. S. Cytocompatible click-based hydrogels with dynamically tunable properties through orthogonal photoconjugation and photocleavage reactions. Nat. Chem. 3, 925–931 (2011). This study demonstrates the synthesis of light-responsive hydrogels, which enable photoconjugation of peptides and cell encapsulation, using a combination of bio-orthogonal click chemistries and photoreactions.",{"doi":5564},"10.1038\u002Fnchem.1174",{"id":26,"text":5566,"url":26,"identifiers":5567},"Cao, Y. et al. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)–chitosan as thermosensitive in situ gel-forming system for ocular drug delivery. J. Control. Release 120, 186–194 (2007).",{"doi":5568},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2007.05.009",{"id":26,"text":5570,"url":26,"identifiers":5571},"Mortensen, K. & Pedersen, J. S. Structural study on the micelle formation of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer in aqueous solution. Macromolecules 26, 805–812 (1993).",{"doi":5572},"10.1021\u002Fma00056a035",{"id":26,"text":5574,"url":26,"identifiers":5575},"Kwon, D. Y. et al. Synergistic anti-tumor activity through combinational intratumoral injection of an in-situ injectable drug depot. Biomaterials 85, 232–245 (2016).",{"doi":5576},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2016.02.001",{"id":26,"text":5578,"url":26,"identifiers":5579},"Davidorf, F. H. et al. Ocular toxicity of vitreal pluronic polyol F-127. Retina 10, 297–300 (1990).",{"doi":5580},"10.1097\u002F00006982-199010000-00013",{"id":26,"text":5582,"url":26,"identifiers":5583},"Censi, R. et al. Photopolymerized thermosensitive hydrogels for tailorable diffusion-controlled protein delivery. J. Control. Release 140, 230–236 (2009).",{"doi":5584},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2009.06.003",{"id":26,"text":5586,"url":26,"identifiers":5587},"van de Wetering, P., Metters, A. T., Schoenmakers, R. G. & Hubbell, J. A. Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels formed by conjugate addition with controllable swelling, degradation, and release of pharmaceutically active proteins. J. Control. Release 102, 619–627 (2005).",{"doi":5588},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2004.10.029",{"id":26,"text":5590,"url":26,"identifiers":5591},"Guvendiren, M., Lu, H. D. & Burdick, J. A. Shear-thinning hydrogels for biomedical applications. Soft Matter 8, 260–272 (2012).",{"doi":5592},"10.1039\u002FC1SM06513K",{"id":26,"text":5594,"url":26,"identifiers":5595},"Altunbas, A., Lee, S. J., Rajasekaran, S. A., Schneider, J. P. & Pochan, D. J. Encapsulation of curcumin in self-assembling peptide hydrogels as injectable drug delivery vehicles. Biomaterials 32, 5906–5914 (2011).",{"doi":5596},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2011.04.069",{"id":26,"text":5598,"url":26,"identifiers":5599},"Rajagopal, K. & Schneider, J. P. Self-assembling peptides and proteins for nanotechnological applications. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 14, 480–486 (2004).",{"doi":5600},"10.1016\u002Fj.sbi.2004.06.006",{"id":26,"text":5602,"url":26,"identifiers":5603},"Haines-Butterick, L. et al. Controlling hydrogelation kinetics by peptide design for three-dimensional encapsulation and injectable delivery of cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 7791–7796 (2007).",{"doi":5604},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0701980104",{"id":26,"text":5606,"url":26,"identifiers":5607},"Yan, C. et al. Injectable solid hydrogel: mechanism of shear-thinning and immediate recovery of injectable β-hairpin peptide hydrogels. Soft Matter 6, 5143–5156 (2010).",{"doi":5608},"10.1039\u002Fc0sm00642d",{"id":26,"text":5610,"url":26,"identifiers":5611},"Haines-Butterick, L. A., Salick, D. A., Pochan, D. J. & Schneider, J. P. In vitro assessment of the pro-inflammatory potential of β-hairpin peptide hydrogels. Biomaterials 29, 4164–4169 (2008).",{"doi":5612},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2008.07.009",{"id":26,"text":5614,"url":26,"identifiers":5615},"Micklitsch, C. M. et al. Zinc-triggered hydrogelation of a self-assembling β-hairpin peptide. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 123, 1615–1617 (2011).",{"doi":5616},"10.1002\u002Fange.201006652",{"id":26,"text":5618,"url":26,"identifiers":5619},"Rowan, S. J., Cantrill, S. J., Cousins, G. R., Sanders, J. K. & Stoddart, J. F. Dynamic covalent chemistry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41, 898–952 (2002).",{"doi":5620},"10.1002\u002F1521-3773(20020315)41:6\u003C898::AID-ANIE898>3.0.CO;2-E",{"id":26,"text":5622,"url":26,"identifiers":5623},"McKinnon, D. D., Domaille, D. W., Cha, J. N. & Anseth, K. S. Bis-aliphatic hydrazone-linked hydrogels form most rapidly at physiological pH: identifying the origin of hydrogel properties with small molecule kinetic studies. Chem. Mater. 26, 2382–2387 (2014).",{"doi":5624},"10.1021\u002Fcm5007789",{"id":26,"text":5626,"url":26,"identifiers":5627},"Jin, Y., Yu, C., Denman, R. J. & Zhang, W. Recent advances in dynamic covalent chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, 6634–6654 (2013).",{"doi":5628},"10.1039\u002Fc3cs60044k",{"id":26,"text":5630,"url":26,"identifiers":5631},"Yesilyurt, V. et al. Injectable self-healing glucose-responsive hydrogels with pH-regulated mechanical properties. Adv. Mater. 28, 86–91 (2016).",{"doi":5632},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201502902",{"id":26,"text":5634,"url":26,"identifiers":5635},"Plieva, F. M., Galaev, I. Y., Noppe, W. & Mattiasson, B. Cryogel applications in microbiology. Trends Microbiol. 16, 543–551 (2008).",{"doi":5636},"10.1016\u002Fj.tim.2008.08.005",{"id":26,"text":5638,"url":26,"identifiers":5639},"Sheridan, M., Shea, L., Peters, M. & Mooney, D. Bioabsorbable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering capable of sustained growth factor delivery. J. Control. Release 64, 91–102 (2000).",{"doi":5640},"10.1016\u002FS0168-3659(99)00138-8",{"id":26,"text":5642,"url":26,"identifiers":5643},"Zhou, S., Bismarck, A. & Steinke, J. H. Ion-responsive alginate based macroporous injectable hydrogel scaffolds prepared by emulsion templating. J. Mater. Chem. B 1, 4736–4745 (2013).",{"doi":5644},"10.1039\u002Fc3tb20888e",{"id":26,"text":5646,"url":26,"identifiers":5647},"Hassan, C. M. & Peppas, N. A. Structure and morphology of freeze\u002Fthawed PVA hydrogels. Macromolecules 33, 2472–2479 (2000).",{"doi":5648},"10.1021\u002Fma9907587",{"id":26,"text":5650,"url":26,"identifiers":5651},"Huebsch, N. et al. Matrix elasticity of void-forming hydrogels controls transplanted-stem-cell-mediated bone formation. Nat. Mater. 14, 1269–1277 (2015).",{"doi":5652},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4407",{"id":26,"text":5654,"url":26,"identifiers":5655},"Bencherif, S. A. et al. Injectable preformed scaffolds with shape-memory properties. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 19590–19595 (2012).",{"doi":5656},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1211516109",{"id":26,"text":5658,"url":26,"identifiers":5659},"Bencherif, S. A. et al. Injectable cryogel-based whole-cell cancer vaccines. Nat. Commun. 6, 7556 (2015).",{"doi":5660},"10.1038\u002Fncomms8556",{"id":26,"text":5662,"url":26,"identifiers":5663},"Alexis, F., Pridgen, E., Molnar, L. K. & Farokhzad, O. C. Factors affecting the clearance and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles. Mol. Pharm. 5, 505–515 (2008).",{"doi":5664},"10.1021\u002Fmp800051m",{"id":26,"text":5666,"url":26,"identifiers":5667},"Mitragotri, S. & Lahann, J. Physical approaches to biomaterial design. Nat. Mater. 8, 15–23 (2009).",{"doi":5668},"10.1038\u002Fnmat2344",{"id":26,"text":5670,"url":26,"identifiers":5671},"Euliss, L. E., DuPont, J. A., Gratton, S. & DeSimone, J. Imparting size, shape, and composition control of materials for nanomedicine. Chem. Soc. Rev. 35, 1095–1104 (2006).",{"doi":5672},"10.1039\u002Fb600913c",{"id":26,"text":5674,"url":26,"identifiers":5675},"Gratton, S. E. et al. The effect of particle design on cellular internalization pathways. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 11613–11618 (2008).",{"doi":5676},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0801763105",{"id":26,"text":5678,"url":26,"identifiers":5679},"Merkel, T. J. et al. The effect of particle size on the biodistribution of low-modulus hydrogel PRINT particles. J. Control. Release 162, 37–44 (2012).",{"doi":5680},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2012.06.009",{"id":26,"text":5682,"url":26,"identifiers":5683},"Ginn, S. L., Alexander, I. E., Edelstein, M. L., Abedi, M. R. & Wixon, J. Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide to 2012 – an update. J. Gene Med. 15, 65–77 (2013).",{"doi":5684},"10.1002\u002Fjgm.2698",{"id":26,"text":3812,"url":26,"identifiers":5686},{"doi":3814},{"id":26,"text":5688,"url":26,"identifiers":5689},"Vinogradov, S. V., Bronich, T. K. & Kabanov, A. V. Nanosized cationic hydrogels for drug delivery: preparation, properties and interactions with cells. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 54, 135–147 (2002).",{"doi":5690},"10.1016\u002FS0169-409X(01)00245-9",{"id":26,"text":5692,"url":26,"identifiers":5693},"Vicent, M. J. & Duncan, R. Polymer conjugates: nanosized medicines for treating cancer. Trends Biotechnol. 24, 39–47 (2006).",{"doi":5694},"10.1016\u002Fj.tibtech.2005.11.006",{"id":26,"text":5696,"url":26,"identifiers":5697},"Li, J. et al. Self-assembly of DNA nanohydrogels with controllable size and stimuli-responsive property for targeted gene regulation therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 1412–1415 (2015). A modular design of DNA nanogels for gene therapy was presented that can incorporate different functional elements to target specific cells and release therapeutic genes inside cells.",{"doi":5698},"10.1021\u002Fja512293f",{"id":26,"text":5700,"url":26,"identifiers":5701},"Oh, J. K., Drumright, R., Siegwart, D. J. & Matyjaszewski, K. The development of microgels\u002Fnanogels for drug delivery applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 33, 448–477 (2008).",{"doi":5702},"10.1016\u002Fj.progpolymsci.2008.01.002",{"id":26,"text":5704,"url":26,"identifiers":5705},"Rolland, J. P. et al. Direct fabrication and harvesting of monodisperse, shape-specific nanobiomaterials. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 10096–10100 (2005). This study presents a versatile top-down technique for the fabrication of nanogels and microgels, which provides fine control over particle size and shape, and is compatible with various therapeutic agents.",{"doi":5706},"10.1021\u002Fja051977c",{"id":26,"text":5708,"url":26,"identifiers":5709},"Perry, J. L. et al. PEGylated PRINT nanoparticles: the impact of PEG density on protein binding, macrophage association, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics. Nano Lett. 12, 5304–5310 (2012).",{"doi":5710},"10.1021\u002Fnl302638g",{"id":26,"text":5712,"url":26,"identifiers":5713},"Dunn, S. S. et al. Reductively responsive siRNA-conjugated hydrogel nanoparticles for gene silencing. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 7423–7430 (2012).",{"doi":5714},"10.1021\u002Fja300174v",{"id":26,"text":5716,"url":26,"identifiers":5717},"Peppas, N. A. & Sahlin, J. J. Hydrogels as mucoadhesive and bioadhesive materials: a review. Biomaterials 17, 1553–1561 (1996).",{"doi":5718},"10.1016\u002F0142-9612(95)00307-X",{"id":26,"text":5720,"url":26,"identifiers":5721},"Chaturvedi, M., Kumar, M. & Pathak, K. A review on mucoadhesive polymer used in nasal drug delivery system. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res. 2, 215 (2011).",{"doi":5722},"10.4103\u002F2231-4040.90876",{"id":26,"text":5724,"url":26,"identifiers":5725},"Reece, T. B., Maxey, T. S. & Kron, I. L. A prospectus on tissue adhesives. Am. J. Surg. 182, S40–S44 (2001).",{"doi":5726},"10.1016\u002FS0002-9610(01)00742-5",{"id":26,"text":5728,"url":26,"identifiers":5729},"Xu, J., Strandman, S., Zhu, J. X., Barralet, J. & Cerruti, M. Genipin-crosslinked catechol-chitosan mucoadhesive hydrogels for buccal drug delivery. Biomaterials 37, 395–404 (2015).",{"doi":5730},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2014.10.024",{"id":26,"text":5732,"url":26,"identifiers":5733},"Nho, Y.-C., Park, J.-S. & Lim, Y.-M. Preparation of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel by radiation crosslinking and its application for mucoadhesives. Polymers 6, 890–898 (2014).",{"doi":5734},"10.3390\u002Fpolym6030890",{"id":26,"text":5736,"url":26,"identifiers":5737},"Bhattarai, N., Gunn, J. & Zhang, M. Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled, localizeddrug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 62, 83–99 (2010).",{"doi":5738},"10.1016\u002Fj.addr.2009.07.019",{"id":26,"text":5740,"url":26,"identifiers":5741},"Ponchel, G. & Irache, J.-M. Specific and non-specific bioadhesive particulate systems for oral delivery to the gastrointestinal tract. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 34, 191–219 (1998).",{"doi":5742},"10.1016\u002FS0169-409X(98)00040-4",{"id":26,"text":5744,"url":26,"identifiers":5745},"Shojaei, A. H., Paulson, J. & Honary, S. Evaluation of poly(acrylic acid-co-ethylhexyl acrylate) films for mucoadhesive transbuccal drug delivery: factors affecting the force of mucoadhesion. J. Control. Release 67, 223–232 (2000).",{"doi":5746},"10.1016\u002FS0168-3659(00)00216-9",{"id":26,"text":5748,"url":26,"identifiers":5749},"Das Neves, J. & Bahia, M. Gels as vaginal drug delivery systems. Int. J. Pharm. 318, 1–14 (2006).",{"doi":5750},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijpharm.2006.03.012",{"id":26,"text":5752,"url":26,"identifiers":5753},"Luppi, B. et al. Novel mucoadhesive nasal inserts based on chitosan\u002Fhyaluronate polyelectrolyte complexes for peptide and protein delivery. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 61, 151–157 (2009).",{"doi":5754},"10.1211\u002Fjpp.61.02.0003",{"id":26,"text":5756,"url":26,"identifiers":5757},"Lee, H., Dellatore, S. M., Miller, W. M. & Messersmith, P. B. Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings. Science 318, 426–430 (2007).",{"doi":5758},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1147241",{"id":26,"text":5760,"url":26,"identifiers":5761},"Lee, B. P., Messersmith, P. B., Israelachvili, J. N. & Waite, J. H. Mussel-inspired adhesives and coatings. Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. 41, 99 (2011).",{"doi":5762},"10.1146\u002Fannurev-matsci-062910-100429",{"id":26,"text":5764,"url":26,"identifiers":5765},"Brubaker, C. E., Kissler, H., Wang, L.-J., Kaufman, D. B. & Messersmith, P. B. Biological performance of mussel-inspired adhesive in extrahepatic islet transplantation. Biomaterials 31, 420–427 (2010).",{"doi":5766},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2009.09.062",{"id":26,"text":5768,"url":26,"identifiers":5769},"Nafea, E., Marson, A., Poole-Warren, L. & Martens, P. Immunoisolating semi-permeable membranes for cell encapsulation: focus on hydrogels. J. Control. Release 154, 110–122 (2011).",{"doi":5770},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2011.04.022",{"id":26,"text":5772,"url":26,"identifiers":5773},"Lake, G. J. & Thomas, A. G. Strength of highly elastic materials. Proc. R. Soc. A 300, 108–119 (1967).",{},{"id":26,"text":5775,"url":26,"identifiers":5776},"Kong, H. J., Wong, E. & Mooney, D. J. Independent control of rigidity and toughness of polymeric hydrogels. Macromolecules 36, 4582–4588 (2003).",{"doi":5777},"10.1021\u002Fma034137w",{"id":26,"text":5779,"url":26,"identifiers":5780},"Gong, J. P., Katsuyama, Y., Kurokawa, T. & Osada, Y. Double-network hydrogels with extremely high mechanical strength. Adv. Mater. 15, 1155–1158 (2003).",{"doi":5781},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200304907",{"id":26,"text":5783,"url":26,"identifiers":5784},"Sun, J. Y. et al. Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels. Nature 489, 133–136 (2012).",{"doi":5785},"10.1038\u002Fnature11409",{"id":26,"text":5787,"url":26,"identifiers":5788},"Lin, C.-C. & Metters, A. T. Hydrogels in controlled release formulations: network design and mathematical modeling. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 58, 1379–1408 (2006).",{"doi":5789},"10.1016\u002Fj.addr.2006.09.004",{"id":26,"text":5791,"url":26,"identifiers":5792},"Burczak, K., Fujisato, T., Hatada, M. & Ikada, Y. Protein permeation through poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel membranes. Biomaterials 15, 231–238 (1994).",{"doi":5793},"10.1016\u002F0142-9612(94)90072-8",{"id":26,"text":5795,"url":26,"identifiers":5796},"Dubrovskii, S. A. & Rakova, G. V. Elastic and osmotic behavior and network imperfections of nonionic and weakly ionized acrylamide-based hydrogels. Macromolecules 30, 7478–7486 (1997).",{"doi":5797},"10.1021\u002Fma970788e",{"id":26,"text":5799,"url":26,"identifiers":5800},"Sakai, T. et al. Design and fabrication of a high-strength hydrogel with ideally homogeneous network structure from tetrahedron-like macromonomers. Macromolecules 41, 5379–5384 (2008).",{"doi":5801},"10.1021\u002Fma800476x",{"id":26,"text":5803,"url":26,"identifiers":5804},"Lee, K. Y. & Mooney, D. J. Hydrogels for tissue engineering. Chem. Rev. 101, 1869–1880 (2001).",{"doi":5805},"10.1021\u002Fcr000108x",{"id":26,"text":5807,"url":26,"identifiers":5808},"Vermonden, T., Censi, R. & Hennink, W. E. Hydrogels for protein delivery. Chem. Rev. 112, 2853–2888 (2012).",{"doi":5809},"10.1021\u002Fcr200157d",{"id":26,"text":5811,"url":26,"identifiers":5812},"Young, M., Carroad, P. & Bell, R. Estimation of diffusion coefficients of proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22, 947–955 (1980).",{"doi":5813},"10.1002\u002Fbit.260220504",{"id":26,"text":5815,"url":26,"identifiers":5816},"Brazel, C. S. & Peppas, N. A. Modeling of drug release from swellable polymers. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 49, 47–58 (2000).",{"doi":5817},"10.1016\u002FS0939-6411(99)00058-2",{"id":26,"text":5819,"url":26,"identifiers":5820},"Lin, Y.-H., Liang, H.-F., Chung, C.-K., Chen, M.-C. & Sung, H.-W. Physically crosslinked alginate\u002FN,O-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels with calcium for oral delivery of protein drugs. Biomaterials 26, 2105–2113 (2005).",{"doi":5821},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2004.06.011",{"id":26,"text":5823,"url":26,"identifiers":5824},"Amsden, B. Solute diffusion within hydrogels. Mechanisms and models. Macromolecules 31, 8382–8395 (1998).",{"doi":5825},"10.1021\u002Fma980765f",{"id":26,"text":5827,"url":26,"identifiers":5828},"MacArthur, J. W. Jr. et al. Sustained release of engineered stromal cell-derived factor 1-α from injectable hydrogels effectively recruits endothelial progenitor cells and preserves ventricular function after myocardial infarction. Circulation 128, S79–S86 (2013).",{"doi":5829},"10.1161\u002FCIRCULATIONAHA.113.003557",{"id":26,"text":5831,"url":26,"identifiers":5832},"Boontheekul, T., Kong, H. J. & Mooney, D. J. Controlling alginate gel degradation utilizing partial oxidation and bimodal molecular weight distribution. Biomaterials 26, 2455–2465 (2005).",{"doi":5833},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2004.06.044",{"id":26,"text":5835,"url":26,"identifiers":5836},"O'shea, T. M., Aimetti, A. A., Kim, E., Yesilyurt, V. & Langer, R. Synthesis and characterization of a library of in-situ curing, nonswelling ethoxylated polyol thiol-ene hydrogels for tailorable macromolecule delivery. Adv. Mater. 27, 65–72 (2015).",{"doi":5837},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201403724",{"id":26,"text":5839,"url":26,"identifiers":5840},"Ishihara, M. et al. Controlled release of fibroblast growth factors and heparin from photocrosslinked chitosan hydrogels and subsequent effect on in vivo vascularization. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 64, 551–559 (2003).",{"doi":5841},"10.1002\u002Fjbm.a.10427",{"id":26,"text":5843,"url":26,"identifiers":5844},"Lutolf, M. et al. Synthetic matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive hydrogels for the conduction of tissue regeneration: engineering cell-invasion characteristics. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 5413–5418 (2003).",{"doi":5845},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0737381100",{"id":26,"text":5847,"url":26,"identifiers":5848},"Um, S. H. et al. Enzyme-catalysed assembly of DNA hydrogel. Nat. Mater. 5, 797–801 (2006).",{"doi":5849},"10.1038\u002Fnmat1741",{"id":26,"text":5851,"url":26,"identifiers":5852},"Purcell, B. P. et al. Injectable and bioresponsive hydrogels for on-demand matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. Nat. Mater. 13, 653–661 (2014). This study features a biomolecule-responsive hydrogel that can degrade in response to MMPs and release drugs for the treatment of myocardial infarction.",{"doi":5853},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3922",{"id":26,"text":5855,"url":26,"identifiers":5856},"Fischel-Ghodsian, F., Brown, L., Mathiowitz, E., Brandenburg, D. & Langer, R. Enzymatically controlled drug delivery. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85, 2403–2406 (1988).",{"doi":5857},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.85.7.2403",{"id":26,"text":5859,"url":26,"identifiers":5860},"Podual, K., Doyle, F. J. & Peppas, N. A. Glucose-sensitivity of glucose oxidase-containing cationic copolymer hydrogels having poly(ethylene glycol) grafts. J. Control. Release 67, 9–17 (2000).",{"doi":5861},"10.1016\u002FS0168-3659(00)00195-4",{"id":26,"text":5863,"url":26,"identifiers":5864},"Maitz, M. F. et al. Bio-responsive polymer hydrogels homeostatically regulate blood coagulation. Nat. Commun. 4, 2168 (2013).",{"doi":5865},"10.1038\u002Fncomms3168",{"id":26,"text":5867,"url":26,"identifiers":5868},"Lin, K. Y., Lo, J. H., Consul, N., Kwong, G. A. & Bhatia, S. N. Self-titrating anticoagulant nanocomplexes that restore homeostatic regulation of the coagulation cascade. ACS Nano 8, 8776–8785 (2014).",{"doi":5869},"10.1021\u002Fnn501129q",{"id":26,"text":5871,"url":26,"identifiers":5872},"Zhang, Y., Wang, R., Hua, Y., Baumgartner, R. & Cheng, J. Trigger-responsive poly(β-amino ester) hydrogels. ACS Macro Lett. 3, 693–697 (2014).",{"doi":5873},"10.1021\u002Fmz500277j",{"id":26,"text":5875,"url":26,"identifiers":5876},"Tibbitt, M. W., Han, B. W., Kloxin, A. M. & Anseth, K. S. Synthesis and application of photodegradable microspheres for spatiotemporal control of protein delivery. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 100, 1647–1654 (2012).",{"doi":5877},"10.1002\u002Fjbm.a.34107",{"id":26,"text":5879,"url":26,"identifiers":5880},"Yan, B., Boyer, J.-C., Habault, D., Branda, N. R. & Zhao, Y. Near infrared light triggered release of biomacromolecules from hydrogels loaded with upconversion nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 16558–16561 (2012).",{"doi":5881},"10.1021\u002Fja308876j",{"id":26,"text":5883,"url":26,"identifiers":5884},"Siepmann, J. & Göpferich, A. Mathematical modeling of bioerodible, polymeric drug delivery systems. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 48, 229–247 (2001).",{"doi":5885},"10.1016\u002FS0169-409X(01)00116-8",{"id":26,"text":5887,"url":26,"identifiers":5888},"Yu, H., Lu, J. & Xiao, C. Preparation and properties of novel hydrogels from oxidized konjac glucomannan cross-linked chitosan for in vitro drug delivery. Macromol. Biosci. 7, 1100–1111 (2007).",{"doi":5889},"10.1002\u002Fmabi.200700035",{"id":26,"text":5891,"url":26,"identifiers":5892},"Sawhney, A. S., Pathak, C. P. & Hubbell, J. A. Bioerodible hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(α-hydroxy acid) diacrylate macromers. Macromolecules 26, 581–587 (1993).",{"doi":5893},"10.1021\u002Fma00056a005",{"id":26,"text":5895,"url":26,"identifiers":5896},"Ma, G., Miao, B. & Song, C. Thermosensitive PCL-PEG-PCL hydrogels: synthesis, characterization, and delivery of proteins. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 116, 1985–1993 (2010).",{"doi":5897},"10.1002\u002Fapp.31654",{"id":26,"text":5899,"url":26,"identifiers":5900},"van de Manakker, F. et al. Protein-release behavior of self-assembled PEG–β-cyclodextrin\u002FPEG–cholesterol hydrogels. Adv. Func. Mater. 19, 2992–3001 (2009).",{"doi":5901},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.200900603",{"id":26,"text":5903,"url":26,"identifiers":5904},"Brannonpeppas, L. & Peppas, N. A. Equilibrium swelling behavior of pH-sensitive hydrogels. Chem. Eng. Sci. 46, 715–722 (1991).",{"doi":5905},"10.1016\u002F0009-2509(91)80177-Z",{"id":26,"text":5907,"url":26,"identifiers":5908},"Hong, W., Zhao, X., Zhou, J. & Suo, Z. A theory of coupled diffusion and large deformation in polymeric gels. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 56, 1779–1793 (2008).",{"doi":5909},"10.1016\u002Fj.jmps.2007.11.010",{"id":26,"text":5911,"url":26,"identifiers":5912},"Hirokawa, Y. & Tanaka, T. Volume phase-transition in a nonionic gel. J. Chem. Phys. 81, 6379–6380 (1984).",{"doi":5913},"10.1063\u002F1.447548",{"id":26,"text":5915,"url":26,"identifiers":5916},"Obaidat, A. A. & Park, K. Characterization of protein release through glucose-sensitive hydrogel membranes. Biomaterials 18, 801–806 (1997).",{"doi":5917},"10.1016\u002FS0142-9612(96)00198-6",{"id":26,"text":5919,"url":26,"identifiers":5920},"Kokufata, E., Zhang, Y.-Q. & Tanaka, T. Saccharide-sensitive phase transition of a lectin-loaded gel. Nature 351, 302–304 (1991).",{"doi":5921},"10.1038\u002F351302a0",{"id":26,"text":5923,"url":26,"identifiers":5924},"Zhang, S. et al. A pH-responsive supramolecular polymer gel as an enteric elastomer for use in gastric devices. Nat. Mater. 14, 1065–1071 (2015).",{"doi":5925},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4355",{"id":26,"text":5927,"url":26,"identifiers":5928},"Ohmine, I. & Tanaka, T. Salt effects on the phase-transition of ionic gels. J. Chem. Phys. 77, 5725–5729 (1982).",{"doi":5929},"10.1063\u002F1.443780",{"id":26,"text":5931,"url":26,"identifiers":5932},"Murdan, S. Electro-responsive drug delivery from hydrogels. J. Control. Release 92, 1–17 (2003).",{"doi":5933},"10.1016\u002FS0168-3659(03)00303-1",{"id":26,"text":5935,"url":26,"identifiers":5936},"Mumper, R. J., Huffman, A. S., Puolakkainen, P. A., Bouchard, L. S. & Gombotz, W. R. Calcium-alginate beads for the oral delivery of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1): stabilization of TGF-β1 by the addition of polyacrylic acid within acid-treated beads. J. Control. Release 30, 241–251 (1994).",{"doi":5937},"10.1016\u002F0168-3659(94)90030-2",{"id":26,"text":5939,"url":26,"identifiers":5940},"Kanamala, M., Wilson, W. R., Yang, M., Palmer, B. D. & Wu, Z. Mechanisms and biomaterials in pH-responsive tumour targeted drug delivery: a review. Biomaterials 85, 152–167 (2016).",{"doi":5941},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2016.01.061",{"id":26,"text":5943,"url":26,"identifiers":5944},"Shirakura, T., Kelson, T. J., Ray, A., Malyarenko, A. E. & Kopelman, R. Hydrogel nanoparticles with thermally controlled drug release. ACS Macro Lett. 3, 602–606 (2014).",{"doi":5945},"10.1021\u002Fmz500231e",{"id":26,"text":5947,"url":26,"identifiers":5948},"Ankareddi, I. & Brazel, C. S. Synthesis and characterization of grafted thermosensitive hydrogels for heating activated controlled release. Int. J. Pharm. 336, 241–247 (2007).",{"doi":5949},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijpharm.2006.11.065",{"id":26,"text":5951,"url":26,"identifiers":5952},"Huebsch, N. et al. Ultrasound-triggered disruption and self-healing of reversibly cross-linked hydrogels for drug delivery and enhanced chemotherapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 9762–9767 (2014).",{"doi":5953},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1405469111",{"id":26,"text":5955,"url":26,"identifiers":5956},"Brudno, Y. & Mooney, D. J. On-demand drug delivery from local depots. J. Control. Release 219, 8–17 (2015).",{"doi":5957},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2015.09.011",{"id":26,"text":5959,"url":26,"identifiers":5960},"Lee, K. Y., Peters, M. C., Anderson, K. W. & Mooney, D. J. Controlled growth factor release from synthetic extracellular matrices. Nature 408, 998–1000 (2000).",{"doi":5961},"10.1038\u002F35050141",{"id":26,"text":5963,"url":26,"identifiers":5964},"Liu, T.-Y., Hu, S.-H., Liu, T.-Y., Liu, D.-M. & Chen, S.-Y. Magnetic-sensitive behavior of intelligent ferrogels for controlled release of drug. Langmuir 22, 5974–5978 (2006).",{"doi":5965},"10.1021\u002Fla060371e",{"id":26,"text":5967,"url":26,"identifiers":5968},"Hu, S.-H., Liu, T.-Y., Liu, D.-M. & Chen, S.-Y. Nano-ferrosponges for controlled drug release. J. Control. Release 121, 181–189 (2007).",{"doi":5969},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2007.06.002",{"id":26,"text":5971,"url":26,"identifiers":5972},"Zhao, X. et al. Active scaffolds for on-demand drug and cell delivery. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 67–72 (2011).",{"doi":5973},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1007862108",{"id":26,"text":5975,"url":26,"identifiers":5976},"Mitragotri, S. Healing sound: the use of ultrasound in drug delivery and other therapeutic applications. Nat. Rev. Drug Dis. 4, 255–260 (2005).",{"doi":5977},"10.1038\u002Fnrd1662",{"id":26,"text":5979,"url":26,"identifiers":5980},"Mitragotri, S., Blankschtein, D. & Langer, R. Ultrasound-mediated transdermal protein delivery. Science 269, 850–853 (1995).",{"doi":5981},"10.1126\u002Fscience.7638603",{"id":26,"text":5983,"url":26,"identifiers":5984},"Mann, B. K., Schmedlen, R. H. & West, J. L. Tethered-TGF-β increases extracellular matrix production of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 22, 439–444 (2001).",{"doi":5985},"10.1016\u002FS0142-9612(00)00196-4",{"id":26,"text":5987,"url":26,"identifiers":5988},"Kolate, A. et al. PEG — a versatile conjugating ligand for drugs and drug delivery systems. J. Control. Release 192, 67–81 (2014).",{"doi":5989},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2014.06.046",{"id":26,"text":5991,"url":26,"identifiers":5992},"Ehrbar, M. et al. Cell-demanded liberation of VEGF121 from fibrin implants induces local and controlled blood vessel growth. Circ. Res. 94, 1124–1132 (2004).",{"doi":5993},"10.1161\u002F01.RES.0000126411.29641.08",{"id":26,"text":5995,"url":26,"identifiers":5996},"Traub, S. et al. The promotion of endothelial cell attachment and spreading using FNIII10 fused to VEGF-A 165. Biomaterials 34, 5958–5968 (2013).",{"doi":5997},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2013.04.050",{"id":26,"text":5999,"url":26,"identifiers":6000},"Van Hove, A. H., Beltejar, M.-J. G. & Benoit, D. S. Development and in vitro assessment of enzymatically-responsive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for the delivery of therapeutic peptides. Biomaterials 35, 9719–9730 (2014).",{"doi":6001},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2014.08.019",{"id":26,"text":6003,"url":26,"identifiers":6004},"Greenwald, R. B. et al. Controlled release of proteins from their poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates: drug delivery systems employing 1, 6-elimination. Bioconjugate Chem. 14, 395–403 (2003).",{"doi":6005},"10.1021\u002Fbc025652m",{"id":26,"text":6007,"url":26,"identifiers":6008},"Schneider, E. L., Henise, J., Reid, R., Ashley, G. W. & Santi, D. V. Hydrogel drug delivery system using self-cleaving covalent linkers for once-a-week administration of exenatide. Bioconjugate Chem. 27, 1210–1215 (2016).",{"doi":6009},"10.1021\u002Facs.bioconjchem.5b00690",{"id":26,"text":6011,"url":26,"identifiers":6012},"Shah, N. J. et al. Adaptive growth factor delivery from a polyelectrolyte coating promotes synergistic bone tissue repair and reconstruction. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 12847–12852 (2014).",{"doi":6013},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1408035111",{"id":26,"text":6015,"url":26,"identifiers":6016},"Macdonald, M. L. et al. Tissue integration of growth factor-eluting layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte multilayer coated implants. Biomaterials 32, 1446–1453 (2011).",{"doi":6017},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2010.10.052",{"id":26,"text":6019,"url":26,"identifiers":6020},"Silva, E. A. & Mooney, D. J. Effects of VEGF temporal and spatial presentation on angiogenesis. Biomaterials 31, 1235–1241 (2010).",{"doi":6021},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2009.10.052",{"id":26,"text":6023,"url":26,"identifiers":6024},"Kolambkar, Y. M. et al. An alginate-based hybrid system for growth factor delivery in the functional repair of large bone defects. Biomaterials 32, 65–74 (2011).",{"doi":6025},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2010.08.074",{"id":26,"text":6027,"url":26,"identifiers":6028},"Martino, M. M. et al. Growth factors engineered for super-affinity to the extracellular matrix enhance tissue healing. Science 343, 885–888 (2014). Growth factors were engineered to bind strongly to the extracellular matrix, which led to superior tissue repair and decreased side effects in the treatment of diabetic wounds, compared with the wild-type proteins, which have low affinity to the extracellular matrix.",{"doi":6029},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1247663",{"id":26,"text":6031,"url":26,"identifiers":6032},"Pike, D. B. et al. Heparin-regulated release of growth factors in vitro and angiogenic response in vivo to implanted hyaluronan hydrogels containing VEGF and bFGF. Biomaterials 27, 5242–5251 (2006).",{"doi":6033},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2006.05.018",{"id":26,"text":6035,"url":26,"identifiers":6036},"Freeman, I., Kedem, A. & Cohen, S. The effect of sulfation of alginate hydrogels on the specific binding and controlled release of heparin-binding proteins. Biomaterials 29, 3260–3268 (2008).",{"doi":6037},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2008.04.025",{"id":26,"text":6039,"url":26,"identifiers":6040},"Freudenberg, U. et al. Heparin desulfation modulates VEGF release and angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. J. Control. Release 220, 79–88 (2015).",{"doi":6041},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2015.10.028",{"id":26,"text":6043,"url":26,"identifiers":6044},"Thatiparti, T. R., Shoffstall, A. J. & von Recum, H. A. Cyclodextrin-based device coatings for affinity-based release of antibiotics. Biomaterials 31, 2335–2347 (2010).",{"doi":6045},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2009.11.087",{"id":26,"text":6047,"url":26,"identifiers":6048},"Zhang, P., Cheetham, A. G., Lin, Y.-a. & Cui, H. Self-assembled Tat nanofibers as effective drug carrier and transporter. ACS Nano 7, 5965–5977 (2013).",{"doi":6049},"10.1021\u002Fnn401667z",{"id":26,"text":6051,"url":26,"identifiers":6052},"Soukasene, S. et al. Antitumor activity of peptide amphiphile nanofiber-encapsulated camptothecin. ACS Nano 5, 9113–9121 (2011).",{"doi":6053},"10.1021\u002Fnn203343z",{"id":26,"text":6055,"url":26,"identifiers":6056},"Jensen, B. E., Dávila, I. & Zelikin, A. N. Poly(vinyl alcohol) physical hydrogels: matrix-mediated drug delivery using spontaneously eroding substrate. J. Phys. Chem. B 120, 5916–5926 (2016).",{"doi":6057},"10.1021\u002Facs.jpcb.6b01381",{"id":26,"text":6059,"url":26,"identifiers":6060},"Mateen, R. & Hoare, T. Injectable, in situ gelling, cyclodextrin–dextran hydrogels for the partitioning-driven release of hydrophobic drugs. J. Mater. Chem. B 2, 5157–5167 (2014).",{"doi":6061},"10.1039\u002FC4TB00631C",{"id":26,"text":6063,"url":26,"identifiers":6064},"Kearney, C. J. & Mooney, D. J. Macroscale delivery systems for molecular and cellular payloads. Nat. Mater. 12, 1004–1017 (2013).",{"doi":6065},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3758",{"id":26,"text":6067,"url":26,"identifiers":6068},"Alconcel, S. N., Baas, A. S. & Maynard, H. D. FDA-approved poly(ethylene glycol)–protein conjugate drugs. Polym. Chem. 2, 1442–1448 (2011).",{"doi":6069},"10.1039\u002Fc1py00034a",{"id":26,"text":6071,"url":26,"identifiers":6072},"Fishburn, C. S. The pharmacology of PEGylation: balancing PD with PK to generate novel therapeutics. J. Pharm. Sci. 97, 4167–4183 (2008).",{"doi":6073},"10.1002\u002Fjps.21278",{"id":26,"text":6075,"url":26,"identifiers":6076},"Lee, S., Greenwald, R. B., McGuire, J., Yang, K. & Shi, C. Drug delivery systems employing 1, 6-elimination: releasable poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates of proteins. Bioconjugate Chem. 12, 163–169 (2001).",{"doi":6077},"10.1021\u002Fbc000064z",{"id":26,"text":6079,"url":26,"identifiers":6080},"Cheetham, A. G., Ou, Y.-C., Zhang, P. & Cui, H. Linker-determined drug release mechanism of free camptothecin from self-assembling drug amphiphiles. Chem. Commun. 50, 6039–6042 (2014).",{"doi":6081},"10.1039\u002FC3CC49453E",{"id":26,"text":6083,"url":26,"identifiers":6084},"Jo, Y. S., Gantz, J., Hubbell, J. A. & Lutolf, M. P. Tailoring hydrogel degradation and drug release via neighboring amino acid controlled ester hydrolysis. Soft Matter 5, 440–446 (2009).",{"doi":6085},"10.1039\u002FB814584A",{"id":26,"text":6087,"url":26,"identifiers":6088},"Geng, H., Song, H., Qi, J. & Cui, D. Sustained release of VEGF from PLGA nanoparticles embedded thermo-sensitive hydrogel in full-thickness porcine bladder acellular matrix. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6, 1–8 (2011).",{"doi":6089},"10.1186\u002F1556-276X-6-312",{"id":26,"text":6091,"url":26,"identifiers":6092},"Lee, J. & Lee, K. Y. Injectable microsphere\u002Fhydrogel combination systems for localized protein delivery. Macromol. Biosci. 9, 671–676 (2009).",{"doi":6093},"10.1002\u002Fmabi.200800317",{"id":26,"text":6095,"url":26,"identifiers":6096},"Johnston, C. T., Premachandra, G. S., Szabo, T., Lok, J. & Schoonheydt, R. A. Interaction of biological molecules with clay minerals: a combined spectroscopic and sorption study of lysozyme on saponite. Langmuir 28, 611–619 (2011).",{"doi":6097},"10.1021\u002Fla203161n",{"id":26,"text":6099,"url":26,"identifiers":6100},"Dawson, J. I. & Oreffo, R. O. Clay: new opportunities for tissue regeneration and biomaterial design. Adv. Mater. 25, 4069–4086 (2013).",{"doi":6101},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201301034",{"id":26,"text":6103,"url":26,"identifiers":6104},"Takahashi, T., Yamada, Y., Kataoka, K. & Nagasaki, Y. Preparation of a novel PEG–clay hybrid as a DDS material: dispersion stability and sustained release profiles. J. Control. Release 107, 408–416 (2005).",{"doi":6105},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2005.03.031",{"id":26,"text":6107,"url":26,"identifiers":6108},"Abdurrahmanoglu, S. & Okay, O. Rheological behavior of polymer-clay nanocomposite hydrogels: effect of nanoscale interactions. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 116, 2328–2335 (2010).",{"doi":6109},"10.1002\u002Fapp.31705",{"id":26,"text":6111,"url":26,"identifiers":6112},"Appel, E. A. et al. Exploiting electrostatic interactions in polymer–nanoparticle hydrogels. ACS Macro Lett. 4, 848–852 (2015).",{"doi":6113},"10.1021\u002Facsmacrolett.5b00416",{"id":26,"text":6115,"url":26,"identifiers":6116},"Khaled, S. Z. et al. One-pot synthesis of pH-responsive hybrid nanogel particles for the intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA. Biomaterials 87, 57–68 (2016).",{"doi":6117},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2016.01.052",{"id":26,"text":6119,"url":26,"identifiers":6120},"Wichterle, O. & Lim, D. Hydrophilic gels for biological use. Nature 185, 117–118 (1960).",{"doi":6121},"10.1038\u002F185117a0",{"id":26,"text":6123,"url":26,"identifiers":6124},"Ritger, P. L. & Peppas, N. A. A simple equation for description of solute release I. Fickian and non-Fickian release from non-swellable devices in the form of slabs, spheres, cylinders or discs. J. Control. Release 5, 23–36 (1987).",{"doi":6125},"10.1016\u002F0168-3659(87)90034-4",{"id":26,"text":6127,"url":26,"identifiers":6128},"Ritger, P. L. & Peppas, N. A. A simple equation for description of solute release II. Fickian and anomalous release from swellable devices. J. Control. Release 5, 37–42 (1987).",{"doi":6129},"10.1016\u002F0168-3659(87)90035-6",{"id":26,"text":6131,"url":26,"identifiers":6132},"Schmidt, J. J., Rowley, J. & Kong, H. J. Hydrogels used for cell-based drug delivery. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 87, 1113–1122 (2008).",{"doi":6133},"10.1002\u002Fjbm.a.32287",{"id":26,"text":6135,"url":26,"identifiers":6136},"Fischbach, M. A., Bluestone, J. A. & Lim, W. A. Cell-based therapeutics: the next pillar of medicine. Sci. Transl. Med. 5, 179ps177 (2013).",{"doi":6137},"10.1126\u002Fscitranslmed.3005568",{"id":26,"text":6139,"url":26,"identifiers":6140},"Laflamme, M. A. et al. Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells in pro-survival factors enhance function of infarcted rat hearts. Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 1015–1024 (2007).",{"doi":6141},"10.1038\u002Fnbt1327",{"id":26,"text":6143,"url":26,"identifiers":6144},"Ballios, B. G. et al. A hyaluronan-based injectable hydrogel improves the survival and integration of stem cell progeny following transplantation. Stem Cell Rep. 4, 1031–1045 (2015).",{"doi":6145},"10.1016\u002Fj.stemcr.2015.04.008",{"id":26,"text":6147,"url":26,"identifiers":6148},"Robey, T. E., Saiget, M. K., Reinecke, H. & Murry, C. E. Systems approaches to preventing transplanted cell death in cardiac repair. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 45, 567–581 (2008).",{"doi":6149},"10.1016\u002Fj.yjmcc.2008.03.009",{"id":26,"text":6151,"url":26,"identifiers":6152},"Rustad, K. C. et al. Enhancement of mesenchymal stem cell angiogenic capacity and stemness by a biomimetic hydrogel scaffold. Biomaterials 33, 80–90 (2012).",{"doi":6153},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2011.09.041",{"id":26,"text":6155,"url":26,"identifiers":6156},"Lim, F. & Sun, A. M. Microencapsulated islets as bioartificial endocrine pancreas. Science 210, 908–910 (1980).",{"doi":6157},"10.1126\u002Fscience.6776628",{"id":26,"text":6159,"url":26,"identifiers":6160},"Trivedi, N. et al. Islets in alginate macrobeads reverse diabetes despite minimal acute insulin secretory responses. Transplantation 71, 203–211 (2001).",{"doi":6161},"10.1097\u002F00007890-200101270-00006",{"id":26,"text":6163,"url":26,"identifiers":6164},"Wang, N., Adams, G., Buttery, L., Falcone, F. H. & Stolnik, S. Alginate encapsulation technology supports embryonic stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells. J. Biotechnol. 144, 304–312 (2009).",{"doi":6165},"10.1016\u002Fj.jbiotec.2009.08.008",{"id":26,"text":6167,"url":26,"identifiers":6168},"Liras, A. Future research and therapeutic applications of human stem cells: general, regulatory, and bioethical aspects. J. Transl. Med. 8, 131 (2010).",{"doi":6169},"10.1186\u002F1479-5876-8-131",{"id":26,"text":6171,"url":26,"identifiers":6172},"Ma, M. et al. Core–shell hydrogel microcapsules for improved islets encapsulation. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2, 667–672 (2013).",{"doi":6173},"10.1002\u002Fadhm.201200341",{"id":26,"text":6175,"url":26,"identifiers":6176},"Parisi-Amon, A., Mulyasasmita, W., Chung, C. & Heilshorn, S. C. Protein-engineered injectable hydrogel to improve retention of transplanted adipose-derived stem cells. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2, 428–432 (2013).",{"doi":6177},"10.1002\u002Fadhm.201200293",{"id":26,"text":6179,"url":26,"identifiers":6180},"Roche, E. T. et al. Comparison of biomaterial delivery vehicles for improving acute retention of stem cells in the infarcted heart. Biomaterials 35, 6850–6858 (2014).",{"doi":6181},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2014.04.114",{"id":26,"text":6183,"url":26,"identifiers":6184},"Levit, R. D. et al. Cellular encapsulation enhances cardiac repair. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2, e000367 (2013).",{"doi":6185},"10.1161\u002FJAHA.113.000367",{"id":26,"text":6187,"url":26,"identifiers":6188},"Newland, B. et al. Tackling cell transplantation anoikis: an injectable, shape memory cryogel microcarrier platform material for stem cell and neuronal cell growth. Small 11, 5047–5053 (2015).",{"doi":6189},"10.1002\u002Fsmll.201500898",{"id":26,"text":6191,"url":26,"identifiers":6192},"Alsberg, E., Anderson, K., Albeiruti, A., Franceschi, R. & Mooney, D. Cell-interactive alginate hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. J. Dental Res. 80, 2025–2029 (2001).",{"doi":6193},"10.1177\u002F00220345010800111501",{"id":26,"text":6195,"url":26,"identifiers":6196},"Lin, C.-C., Raza, A. & Shih, H. PEG hydrogels formed by thiol-ene photo-click chemistry and their effect on the formation and recovery of insulin-secreting cell spheroids. Biomaterials 32, 9685–9695 (2011).",{"doi":6197},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2011.08.083",{"id":26,"text":6199,"url":26,"identifiers":6200},"Rowley, J. A. & Mooney, D. J. Alginate type and RGD density control myoblast phenotype. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 60, 217–223 (2002).",{"doi":6201},"10.1002\u002Fjbm.1287",{"id":26,"text":6203,"url":26,"identifiers":6204},"Bidarra, S. J. et al. Injectable in situ crosslinkable RGD-modified alginate matrix for endothelial cells delivery. Biomaterials 32, 7897–7904 (2011).",{"doi":6205},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2011.07.013",{"id":26,"text":6207,"url":26,"identifiers":6208},"Burdick, J. A. & Anseth, K. S. Photoencapsulation of osteoblasts in injectable RGD-modified PEG hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 23, 4315–4323 (2002).",{"doi":6209},"10.1016\u002FS0142-9612(02)00176-X",{"id":26,"text":6211,"url":26,"identifiers":6212},"Benoit, D. S., Schwartz, M. P., Durney, A. R. & Anseth, K. S. Small functional groups for controlled differentiation of hydrogel-encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells. Nat. Mater. 7, 816–823 (2008).",{"doi":6213},"10.1038\u002Fnmat2269",{"id":26,"text":6215,"url":26,"identifiers":6216},"Engler, A. J., Sen, S., Sweeney, H. L. & Discher, D. E. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell 126, 677–689 (2006).",{"doi":6217},"10.1016\u002Fj.cell.2006.06.044",{"id":26,"text":6219,"url":26,"identifiers":6220},"Chaudhuri, O. et al. Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity. Nat. Mater. 15, 326–334 (2015).",{"doi":6221},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4489",{"id":26,"text":6223,"url":26,"identifiers":6224},"Shin, J.-W. & Mooney, D. J. Improving stem cell therapeutics with mechanobiology. Cell Stem Cell 18, 16–19 (2016).",{"doi":6225},"10.1016\u002Fj.stem.2015.12.007",{"id":26,"text":6227,"url":26,"identifiers":6228},"Alsberg, E. et al. Regulating bone formation via controlled scaffold degradation. J. Dental Res. 82, 903–908 (2003).",{"doi":6229},"10.1177\u002F154405910308201111",{"id":26,"text":6231,"url":26,"identifiers":6232},"Griffin, D. R., Weaver, W. M., Scumpia, P. O., Di Carlo, D. & Segura, T. Accelerated wound healing by injectable microporous gel scaffolds assembled from annealed building blocks. Nat. Mater. 14, 737–744 (2015).",{"doi":6233},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4294",{"id":26,"text":6235,"url":26,"identifiers":6236},"Stevens, K. R., Miller, J. S., Blakely, B. L., Chen, C. S. & Bhatia, S. N. Degradable hydrogels derived from PEG-diacrylamide for hepatic tissue engineering. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 103, 3331–3338 (2015).",{"doi":6237},"10.1002\u002Fjbm.a.35478",{"id":26,"text":6239,"url":26,"identifiers":6240},"Schlegel, P. N. & Group, H. S. Efficacy and safety of histrelin subdermal implant in patients with advanced prostate cancer. J. Urol. 175, 1353–1358 (2006).",{"doi":6241},"10.1016\u002FS0022-5347(05)00649-X",{"id":26,"text":6243,"url":26,"identifiers":6244},"Jaklenec, A., Stamp, A., Deweerd, E., Sherwin, A. & Langer, R. Progress in the tissue engineering and stem cell industry “are we there yet?”. Tissue Eng. Part B Rev. 18, 155–166 (2012).",{"doi":6245},"10.1089\u002Ften.teb.2011.0553",{"id":26,"text":6247,"url":26,"identifiers":6248},"Wurm, A., Nogler, M., Ammann, C. G. & Coraça-Huber, D. C. Effect of storage temperature and antibiotic impregnation on the quantity of bone morphogenetic protein seven in human bone grafts. Int. Orthop. 38, 1513–1517 (2014).",{"doi":6249},"10.1007\u002Fs00264-014-2349-3",{"id":26,"text":6251,"url":26,"identifiers":6252},"Spiller, K. L. & Vunjak-Novakovic, G. Clinical translation of controlled protein delivery systems for tissue engineering. Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. 5, 101–115 (2015).",{"doi":6253},"10.1007\u002Fs13346-013-0135-1",{"id":26,"text":6255,"url":26,"identifiers":6256},"Hunziker, E. et al. Translation from research to applications. Tissue Eng. 12, 3341–3364 (2006).",{"doi":6257},"10.1089\u002Ften.2006.12.3341",{"id":26,"text":6259,"url":26,"identifiers":6260},"Chen, R. R., Silva, E. A., Yuen, W. W. & Mooney, D. J. Spatio–temporal VEGF and PDGF delivery patterns blood vessel formation and maturation. Pharm. Res. 24, 258–264 (2007).",{"doi":6261},"10.1007\u002Fs11095-006-9173-4",{"id":26,"text":6263,"url":26,"identifiers":6264},"Kanczler, J. M. et al. The effect of the delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenic protein-2 to osteoprogenitor cell populations on bone formation. Biomaterials 31, 1242–1250 (2010).",{"doi":6265},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2009.10.059",{"id":26,"text":6267,"url":26,"identifiers":6268},"Basmanav, F. B., Kose, G. T. & Hasirci, V. Sequential growth factor delivery from complexed microspheres for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 29, 4195–4204 (2008).",{"doi":6269},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2008.07.017",{"id":26,"text":6271,"url":26,"identifiers":6272},"Kearney, C. J. et al. Switchable release of entrapped nanoparticles from alginate hydrogels. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 4, 1634–1639 (2015).",{"doi":6273},"10.1002\u002Fadhm.201500254",{"id":26,"text":6275,"url":26,"identifiers":6276},"Brudno, Y. et al. Refilling drug delivery depots through the blood. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 12722–12727 (2014). A new paradigm of refilling hydrogel drug depots that are already present in the body was presented, and the utility of highly specific drug–polymer interactions for this application was also demonstrated.",{"doi":6277},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1413027111",{"id":26,"text":6279,"url":26,"identifiers":6280},"Brudno, Y. et al. In vivo targeting through click chemistry. ChemMedChem. 10, 617–620 (2015).",{"doi":6281},"10.1002\u002Fcmdc.201402527",{"id":26,"text":6283,"url":26,"identifiers":6284},"Saltzman, W. M. & Radomsky, M. L. Drugs released from polymers: diffusion and elimination in brain tissue. Chem. Eng. Sci. 46, 2429–2444 (1991).",{"doi":6285},"10.1016\u002F0009-2509(91)80036-X",{"id":26,"text":6287,"url":26,"identifiers":6288},"Weiser, J. R. & Saltzman, W. M. Controlled release for local delivery of drugs: barriers and models. J. Control. Release 190, 664–673 (2014). This review provides a comprehensive overview of mathematical models for controlled drug release, highlighting the effect of tissue barriers on drug transport in the body.",{"doi":6289},"10.1016\u002Fj.jconrel.2014.04.048",{"id":26,"text":6291,"url":26,"identifiers":6292},"Santini, J. T., Cima, M. J. & Langer, R. A controlled-release microchip. Nature 397, 335–338 (1999).",{"doi":6293},"10.1038\u002F16898",{"id":26,"text":6295,"url":26,"identifiers":6296},"Grayson, A. C. R. et al. Multi-pulse drug delivery from a resorbable polymeric microchip device. Nat. Mater. 2, 767–772 (2003).",{"doi":6297},"10.1038\u002Fnmat998",{"id":26,"text":6299,"url":26,"identifiers":6300},"Santini, J. T. Jr, Richards, A. C., Scheidt, R., Cima, M. J. & Langer, R. Microchips as controlled drug-delivery devices. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39, 2396–2407 (2000).",{"doi":6301},"10.1002\u002F1521-3773(20000717)39:14\u003C2396::AID-ANIE2396>3.0.CO;2-U",{"id":26,"text":6303,"url":26,"identifiers":6304},"Lin, S. et al. Stretchable hydrogel electronics and devices. Adv. Mater. 28, 4497–4505 (2016).",{"doi":6305},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201504152",{"id":26,"text":6307,"url":26,"identifiers":6308},"Flory, P. J. & Rehner, J. Statistical mechanics of cross-linked polymer networks II Swelling. J. Chem. Phys. 11, 521–526 (1943).",{"doi":6309},"10.1063\u002F1.1723792",{"id":26,"text":6311,"url":26,"identifiers":6312},"Kuijpers, A. et al. Characterization of the network structure of carbodiimide cross-linked gelatin gels. Macromolecules 32, 3325–3333 (1999).",{"doi":6313},"10.1021\u002Fma981929v",{"id":26,"text":6315,"url":26,"identifiers":6316},"Anseth, K. S., Bowman, C. N. & Brannon-Peppas, L. Mechanical properties of hydrogels and their experimental determination. Biomaterials 17, 1647–1657 (1996).",{"doi":6317},"10.1016\u002F0142-9612(96)87644-7",{"id":26,"text":6319,"url":26,"identifiers":6320},"Koshy, S. T. et al. Click-crosslinked injectable gelatin hydrogels. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 5, 541–547 (2016).",{"doi":6321},"10.1002\u002Fadhm.201500757",{"id":26,"text":6323,"url":26,"identifiers":6324},"Li, J. Y., Hu, Y. H., Vlassak, J. J. & Suo, Z. G. Experimental determination of equations of state for ideal elastomeric gels. Soft Matter 8, 8121–8128 (2012).",{"doi":6325},"10.1039\u002Fc2sm25437a",{"id":26,"text":6327,"url":26,"identifiers":6328},"Hu, Y. H., Zhao, X. H., Vlassak, J. J. & Suo, Z. G. Using indentation to characterize the poroelasticity of gels. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 121904 (2010).",{"doi":6329},"10.1063\u002F1.3370354",{"id":26,"text":6331,"url":26,"identifiers":6332},"Drury, J. L., Dennis, R. G. & Mooney, D. J. The tensile properties of alginate hydrogels. Biomaterials 25, 3187–3199 (2004).",{"doi":6333},"10.1016\u002Fj.biomaterials.2003.10.002",{"id":26,"text":6335,"url":26,"identifiers":6336},"Adhikari, B. & Banerjee, A. Short peptide based hydrogels: incorporation of graphene into the hydrogel. Soft Matter 7, 9259–9266 (2011).",{"doi":6337},"10.1039\u002Fc1sm06330h",{"id":26,"text":6339,"url":26,"identifiers":6340},"Waters, D. J. et al. Morphology of photopolymerized end-linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels by small-angle X-ray scattering. Macromolecules 43, 6861–6870 (2010).",{"doi":6341},"10.1021\u002Fma101070s",{"id":26,"text":6343,"url":26,"identifiers":6344},"Krogstad, D. V. et al. Small angle neutron scattering study of complex coacervate micelles and hydrogels formed from ionic diblock and triblock copolymers. J. Phys. Chem. B 118, 13011–13018 (2014).",{"doi":6345},"10.1021\u002Fjp509175a",{"id":26,"text":6347,"url":26,"identifiers":6348},"Zhang, X., Hansing, J., Netz, R. R. & DeRouchey, J. E. Particle transport through hydrogels is charge asymmetric. Biophys. J. 108, 530–539 (2015).",{"doi":6349},"10.1016\u002Fj.bpj.2014.12.009",{"id":26,"text":6351,"url":26,"identifiers":6352},"Fatin-Rouge, N., Starchev, K. & Buffle, J. Size effects on diffusion processes within agarose gels. Biophys. J. 86, 2710–2719 (2004).",{"doi":6353},"10.1016\u002FS0006-3495(04)74325-8",{"id":6355,"createTime":6356,"updateTime":6356,"relativeEntities":6357,"slug":6358,"properties":6359,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":6356,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":6370,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":6371,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":6372,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":6428,"citationCount":6457,"citationInfo":6458,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":6468,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"67a7a039-3749-43ef-a99c-3476c10af930","2024-10-07T21:23:48.807+00:00",[],"Materials-for-next-generation-desalination-and-water-purification-membranes",{"mag":6360,"keywords":6362,"openalex":6363,"abstract":6365,"title":6366,"doi":6368},{"VOID":6361},"2332136976",{},{"VOID":6364},"W2332136976",{},{"EN":6367},"Materials for next-generation desalination and water purification membranes",{"VOID":6369},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2016.18",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats201618",[6373,6394,6411],{"id":6374,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":6375,"affiliations":6376,"properties":6387},"9375d406-bc14-4bfa-aa9c-7c440faf52d3",[],[6377],{"id":6378,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":6379,"properties":26},"ed98e22c-169a-46df-916b-38425434ea9e",{"id":6380,"createTime":6381,"updateTime":6381,"relativeEntities":6382,"slug":6383,"properties":6384,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"ef062664-c657-4478-aa98-8687d78987a0","2024-10-07T21:23:48.825+00:00",[],"Department-of-Chemical-and-Environmental-Engineering-Yale-University-New-Haven-06520-8286-Connecticut-USA",{"title":6385},{"EN":6386},"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, 06520–8286, Connecticut, USA",{"openalex":6388,"orcid":6390,"title":6392},{"VOID":6389},"A5044577735",{"VOID":6391},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-6551-5983",{"EN":6393},"Jay R. Werber",{"id":6395,"sortIndex":114,"researcher":26,"roles":6396,"affiliations":6397,"properties":6404},"93c55da8-22cf-47d0-8f77-beed8401893a",[],[6398],{"id":6399,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":6400,"properties":26},"d0958c9f-731e-4fd8-a126-4e03b47eca6a",{"id":6380,"createTime":6381,"updateTime":6381,"relativeEntities":6401,"slug":6383,"properties":6402,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":6403},{"EN":6386},{"openalex":6405,"orcid":6407,"title":6409},{"VOID":6406},"A5068569670",{"VOID":6408},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-4186-1563",{"EN":6410},"Menachem Elimelech",{"id":6412,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":6413,"affiliations":6414,"properties":6421},"4b01da36-7d65-49c1-a3bb-f68c278b4e87",[],[6415],{"id":6416,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":6417,"properties":26},"19ed6f9a-f61b-4d01-b2f4-3be3dd95ee8b",{"id":6380,"createTime":6381,"updateTime":6381,"relativeEntities":6418,"slug":6383,"properties":6419,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":6420},{"EN":6386},{"openalex":6422,"orcid":6424,"title":6426},{"VOID":6423},"A5006270385",{"VOID":6425},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-0261-3065",{"EN":6427},"Chinedum O. Osuji",{"url":26,"publisher":6429,"properties":6454},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":6430,"slug":663,"properties":6431,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":6437,"manageAffiliations":6438,"indexDatabases":6439,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":6432,"issn":6433,"introduce":6434,"eissn":6435,"title":6436},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[6440,6447],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":6441,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":6446,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":6442,"label":6443,"description":6444,"key":772,"publicationTags":6445,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":6448,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":6453,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":6449,"label":6450,"description":6451,"key":748,"publicationTags":6452,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":6455,"issue":6456},{"VOID":2720},{"VOID":3798},2241,{"total":6457,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":6459},{"2016":240,"2017":6460,"2018":6461,"2019":6462,"2020":6463,"2021":6464,"2022":6465,"2023":6466,"2024":6467},122,227,255,349,351,355,342,210,[6469,6473,6477,6481,6485,6489,6493,6497,6501,6504,6507,6511,6515,6519,6523,6527,6531,6535,6539,6543,6547,6551,6555,6559,6563,6567,6571,6575,6578,6582,6586,6590,6594,6598,6602,6606,6610,6614,6618,6622,6626,6630,6634,6638,6642,6646,6650,6654,6658,6662,6666,6670,6674,6678,6682,6686,6690,6694,6698,6702,6706,6710,6714,6718,6722,6726,6730,6734,6738,6742,6746,6750,6754,6758,6762,6766,6770,6774,6778,6782,6786,6790,6794,6798,6802,6806,6810,6814,6818,6822,6826,6830,6834,6838,6842,6846,6850,6854,6858,6862,6866,6870,6874,6878,6881,6885,6889,6893,6897,6901,6905,6909,6913,6917,6921,6925,6929,6933,6937,6941,6945,6949,6953,6957,6961,6965,6969,6973],{"id":26,"text":6470,"url":26,"identifiers":6471},"Elimelech, M. The global challenge for adequate and safe water. J. Water Supply Res. Technol. 55, 3–10 (2006).",{"doi":6472},"10.2166\u002Faqua.2005.064",{"id":26,"text":6474,"url":26,"identifiers":6475},"Shannon, M. A. et al. Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades. Nature 452, 301–310 (2008).",{"doi":6476},"10.1038\u002Fnature06599",{"id":26,"text":6478,"url":26,"identifiers":6479},"Schwarzenbach, R. P. et al. The challenge of micropollutants in aquatic systems. Science 313, 1072–1077 (2006).",{"doi":6480},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1127291",{"id":26,"text":6482,"url":26,"identifiers":6483},"Kolpin, D. W. et al. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999–2000: a national reconnaissance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 1202–1211 (2002).",{"doi":6484},"10.1021\u002Fes011055j",{"id":26,"text":6486,"url":26,"identifiers":6487},"Tang, J. Y., Busetti, F., Charrois, J. W. & Escher, B. I. Which chemicals drive biological effects in wastewater and recycled water? Water Res. 60, 289–299 (2014).",{"doi":6488},"10.1016\u002Fj.watres.2014.04.043",{"id":26,"text":6490,"url":26,"identifiers":6491},"Vidic, R. D., Brantley, S. L., Vandenbossche, J. M., Yoxtheimer, D. & Abad, J. D. Impact of shale gas development on regional water quality. Science 340, 1235009 (2013).",{"doi":6492},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1235009",{"id":26,"text":6494,"url":26,"identifiers":6495},"Shaffer, D. L. et al. Desalination and reuse of high-salinity shale gas produced water: drivers, technologies, and future directions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 9569–9583 (2013).",{"doi":6496},"10.1021\u002Fes401966e",{"id":26,"text":6498,"url":26,"identifiers":6499},"Gregory, K. B., Vidic, R. D. & Dzombak, D. A. Water management challenges associated with the production of shale gas by hydraulic fracturing. Elements 7, 181–186 (2011).",{"doi":6500},"10.2113\u002Fgselements.7.3.181",{"id":26,"text":6502,"url":26,"identifiers":6503},"Bond, R. & Veerapaneni, S. Zero liquid discharge for inland desalination (Awwa Research Foundation, 2007).",{},{"id":26,"text":6505,"url":26,"identifiers":6506},"Mickley, M. Survey of high-recovery and zero liquid discharge technologies for water utilities (WateReuse Foundation, 2008).",{},{"id":26,"text":6508,"url":26,"identifiers":6509},"van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. & Brdjanovic, D. Anticipating the next century of wastewater treatment. Science 344, 1452–1453 (2014).",{"doi":6510},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1255183",{"id":26,"text":6512,"url":26,"identifiers":6513},"Grant, S. B. et al. Taking the “waste” out of “wastewater” for human water security and ecosystem sustainability. Science 337, 681–686 (2012).",{"doi":6514},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1216852",{"id":26,"text":6516,"url":26,"identifiers":6517},"Sales, C. M. & Lee, P. K. Resource recovery from wastewater: application of meta-omics to phosphorus and carbon management. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 33, 260–267 (2015).",{"doi":6518},"10.1016\u002Fj.copbio.2015.03.003",{"id":26,"text":6520,"url":26,"identifiers":6521},"Wang, X. et al. Probabilistic evaluation of integrating resource recovery into wastewater treatment to improve environmental sustainability. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 1630–1635 (2015).",{"doi":6522},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1410715112",{"id":26,"text":6524,"url":26,"identifiers":6525},"Elimelech, M. & Phillip, W. A. The future of seawater desalination: energy, technology, and the environment. Science 333, 712–717 (2011).",{"doi":6526},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1200488",{"id":26,"text":6528,"url":26,"identifiers":6529},"Semiat, R. Energy issues in desalination processes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 8193–8201 (2008).",{"doi":6530},"10.1021\u002Fes801330u",{"id":26,"text":6532,"url":26,"identifiers":6533},"Baker, R. W. Membrane Technology and Applications (John Wiley & Sons, 2012).",{"doi":6534},"10.1002\u002F9781118359686",{"id":26,"text":6536,"url":26,"identifiers":6537},"Gin, D. L. & Noble, R. D. Designing the next generation of chemical separation membranes. Science 332, 674–676 (2011).",{"doi":6538},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1203771",{"id":26,"text":6540,"url":26,"identifiers":6541},"Tang, C. Y., Kwon, Y.-N. & Leckie, J. O. Effect of membrane chemistry and coating layer on physiochemical properties of thin film composite polyamide RO and NF membranes. Desalination 242, 168–182 (2009).",{"doi":6542},"10.1016\u002Fj.desal.2008.04.004",{"id":26,"text":6544,"url":26,"identifiers":6545},"Lu, X. et al. Elements provide a clue: nanoscale characterization of thin-film composite polyamide membranes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 16917–16922 (2015).",{"doi":6546},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b05478",{"id":26,"text":6548,"url":26,"identifiers":6549},"Karan, S., Jiang, Z. & Livingston, A. G. Sub-10 nm polyamide nanofilms with ultrafast solvent transport for molecular separation. Science 348, 1347–1351 (2015).",{"doi":6550},"10.1126\u002Fscience.aaa5058",{"id":26,"text":6552,"url":26,"identifiers":6553},"Kwak, S. Y., Jung, S. G. & Kim, S. H. Structure-motion-performance relationship of flux-enhanced reverse osmosis (RO) membranes composed of aromatic polyamide thin films. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 4334–4340 (2001).",{"doi":6554},"10.1021\u002Fes010630g",{"id":26,"text":6556,"url":26,"identifiers":6557},"Mehta, A. & Zydney, A. L. Permeability and selectivity analysis for ultrafiltration membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 249, 245–249 (2005).",{"doi":6558},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2004.09.040",{"id":26,"text":6560,"url":26,"identifiers":6561},"Geise, G. M., Paul, D. R. & Freeman, B. D. Fundamental water and salt transport properties of polymeric materials. Prog. Polym. Sci. 39, 1–42 (2014).",{"doi":6562},"10.1016\u002Fj.progpolymsci.2013.07.001",{"id":26,"text":6564,"url":26,"identifiers":6565},"Geise, G. M., Park, H. B., Sagle, A. C., Freeman, B. D. & McGrath, J. E. Water permeability and water\u002Fsalt selectivity tradeoff in polymers for desalination. J. Membr. Sci. 369, 130–138 (2011). A water–salt selectivity trade-off for desalination using polymeric membranes is proposed for the first time in this study.",{"doi":6566},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2010.11.054",{"id":26,"text":6568,"url":26,"identifiers":6569},"Robeson, L. M. The upper bound revisited. J. Membr. Sci. 320, 390–400 (2008).",{"doi":6570},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2008.04.030",{"id":26,"text":6572,"url":26,"identifiers":6573},"Yip, N. Y. & Elimelech, M. Performance limiting effects in power generation from salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 10273–10282 (2011).",{"doi":6574},"10.1021\u002Fes203197e",{"id":26,"text":6576,"url":26,"identifiers":6577},"Iwahashi, H. et al. Advanced RO system for high temperature and high concentration seawater desalination at the Arabian Gulf. IDA World Congress (San Diego, 2015).",{},{"id":26,"text":6579,"url":26,"identifiers":6580},"Cohen-Tanugi, D., McGovern, R. K., Dave, S. H., Lienhard, J. H. & Grossman, J. C. Quantifying the potential of ultra-permeable membranes for water desalination. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 1134–1141 (2014).",{"doi":6581},"10.1039\u002FC3EE43221A",{"id":26,"text":6583,"url":26,"identifiers":6584},"Deshmukh, A., Yip, N. Y., Lin, S. & Elimelech, M. Desalination by forward osmosis: identifying performance limiting parameters through module-scale modeling. J. Membr. Sci. 491, 159–167 (2015).",{"doi":6585},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2015.03.080",{"id":26,"text":6587,"url":26,"identifiers":6588},"Singh, R. Production of high-purity water by membrane processes. Desalin. Water Treat. 3, 99–110 (2012).",{"doi":6589},"10.5004\u002Fdwt.2009.443",{"id":26,"text":6591,"url":26,"identifiers":6592},"Miyashita, Y., Park, S.-H., Hyung, H., Huang, C.-H. & Kim, J.-H. Removal of N-nitrosamines and their precursors by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. J. Environ. Eng. 135, 788–795 (2009).",{"doi":6593},"10.1061\u002F(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000043",{"id":26,"text":6595,"url":26,"identifiers":6596},"Ozaki, H. & Li, H. Rejection of organic compounds by ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membrane. Water Res. 36, 123–130 (2002).",{"doi":6597},"10.1016\u002FS0043-1354(01)00197-X",{"id":26,"text":6599,"url":26,"identifiers":6600},"Fritzmann, C., Lö wenberg, J., Wintgens, T. & Melin, T. State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination. Desalination 216, 1–76 (2007).",{"doi":6601},"10.1016\u002Fj.desal.2006.12.009",{"id":26,"text":6603,"url":26,"identifiers":6604},"Le-Clech, P., Chen, V. & Fane, T. A. G. Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment. J. Membr. Sci. 284, 17–53 (2006).",{"doi":6605},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2006.08.019",{"id":26,"text":6607,"url":26,"identifiers":6608},"Cheryan, M. Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Handbook 31–70 (CRC Press, 1998).",{"doi":6609},"10.1201\u002F9781482278743",{"id":26,"text":6611,"url":26,"identifiers":6612},"Matthiasson, E. The role of macromolecular adsorption in fouling of ultrafiltration membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 16, 23–36 (1983).",{"doi":6613},"10.1016\u002FS0376-7388(00)81297-1",{"id":26,"text":6615,"url":26,"identifiers":6616},"Belfort, G., Davis, R. H. & Zydney, A. L. The behavior of suspensions and macromolecular solutions in crossflow microfiltration. J. Membr. Sci. 96, 1–58 (1994).",{"doi":6617},"10.1016\u002F0376-7388(94)00119-7",{"id":26,"text":6619,"url":26,"identifiers":6620},"Elimelech, M., Zhu, X., Childress, A. E. & Hong, S. Role of membrane surface morphology in colloidal fouling of cellulose acetate and composite aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 127, 101–109 (1997). The roughness of polyamide thin-film composite membrane surfaces is shown in this study to exacerbate fouling.",{"doi":6621},"10.1016\u002FS0376-7388(96)00351-1",{"id":26,"text":6623,"url":26,"identifiers":6624},"Herzberg, M. & Elimelech, M. Biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes: role of biofilm-enhanced osmotic pressure. J. Membr. Sci. 295, 11–20 (2007).",{"doi":6625},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2007.02.024",{"id":26,"text":6627,"url":26,"identifiers":6628},"Li, Q. & Elimelech, M. Organic fouling and chemical cleaning of nanofiltration membranes: measurements and mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 4683–4693 (2004).",{"doi":6629},"10.1021\u002Fes0354162",{"id":26,"text":6631,"url":26,"identifiers":6632},"Mi, B. & Elimelech, M. Gypsum scaling and cleaning in forward osmosis: measurements and mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 2022–2028 (2010).",{"doi":6633},"10.1021\u002Fes903623r",{"id":26,"text":6635,"url":26,"identifiers":6636},"Borgnia, M. J., Kozono, D., Calamita, G., Maloney, P. C. & Agre, P. Functional reconstitution and characterization of AqpZ, the E. coli water channel protein. J. Mol. Biol. 291, 1169–1179 (1999).",{"doi":6637},"10.1006\u002Fjmbi.1999.3032",{"id":26,"text":6639,"url":26,"identifiers":6640},"Beitz, E., Wu, B., Holm, L. M., Schultz, J. E. & Zeuthen, T. Point mutations in the aromatic\u002Farginine region in aquaporin 1 allow passage of urea, glycerol, ammonia, and protons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 269–274 (2006).",{"doi":6641},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0507225103",{"id":26,"text":6643,"url":26,"identifiers":6644},"Hub, J. S. & de Groot, B. L. Mechanism of selectivity in aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 1198–1203 (2008).",{"doi":6645},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0707662104",{"id":26,"text":6647,"url":26,"identifiers":6648},"Sui, H., Han, B. G., Lee, J. K., Walian, P. & Jap, B. K. Structural basis of water-specific transport through the AQP1 water channel. Nature 414, 872–878 (2001). In this X-ray crystallography study, a high-resolution structure of aquaporin 1 was attained, which elucidated the basis for its selectivity for water.",{"doi":6649},"10.1038\u002F414872a",{"id":26,"text":6651,"url":26,"identifiers":6652},"Murata, K. et al. Structural determinants of water permeation through aquaporin-1. Nature 407, 599–605 (2000).",{"doi":6653},"10.1038\u002F35036519",{"id":26,"text":6655,"url":26,"identifiers":6656},"Savage, D. F., O'Connell, J. D., Miercke, L. J. W., Finer-Moore, J. & Stroud, R. M. Structural context shapes the aquaporin selectivity filter. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 17164–17169 (2010).",{"doi":6657},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1009864107",{"id":26,"text":6659,"url":26,"identifiers":6660},"Wang, M. et al. Layer-by-layer assembly of aquaporin Z-incorporated biomimetic membranes for water purification. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 3761–3768 (2015).",{"doi":6661},"10.1021\u002Fes5056337",{"id":26,"text":6663,"url":26,"identifiers":6664},"Wang, H. et al. Highly permeable and selective pore-spanning biomimetic membrane embedded with aquaporin Z. Small 8, 1185–1190 (2012).",{"doi":6665},"10.1002\u002Fsmll.201102120",{"id":26,"text":6667,"url":26,"identifiers":6668},"Kumar, M., Grzelakowski, M., Zilles, J., Clark, M. & Meier, W. Highly permeable polymeric membranes based on the incorporation of the functional water channel protein aquaporin Z. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 20719–20724 (2007).",{"doi":6669},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0708762104",{"id":26,"text":6671,"url":26,"identifiers":6672},"Zhong, P. S., Chung, T.-S., Jeyaseelan, K. & Armugam, A. Aquaporin-embedded biomimetic membranes for nanofiltration. J. Membr. Sci. 407–408, 27–33 (2012).",{"doi":6673},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2012.03.033",{"id":26,"text":6675,"url":26,"identifiers":6676},"Hummer, G., Rasaiah, J. C. & Noworyta, J. P. Water conduction through the hydrophobic channel of a carbon nanotube. Nature 414, 188–190 (2001). This study provides the first demonstration, using molecular dynamics, of ultra-fast water permeation through the interior of carbon nanotubes.",{"doi":6677},"10.1038\u002F35102535",{"id":26,"text":6679,"url":26,"identifiers":6680},"Corry, B. Designing carbon nanotube membranes for efficient water desalination. J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 1427–1434 (2008).",{"doi":6681},"10.1021\u002Fjp709845u",{"id":26,"text":6683,"url":26,"identifiers":6684},"Majumder, M., Chopra, N., Andrews, R. & Hinds, B. J. Nanoscale hydrodynamics: enhanced flow in carbon nanotubes. Nature 438, 44 (2005).",{"doi":6685},"10.1038\u002F438044a",{"id":26,"text":6687,"url":26,"identifiers":6688},"Holt, J. K. et al. Fast mass transport through sub-2-nanometer carbon nanotubes. Science 312, 1034–1037 (2006).",{"doi":6689},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1126298",{"id":26,"text":6691,"url":26,"identifiers":6692},"Hinds, B. J. et al. Aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube membranes. Science 303, 62–65 (2004).",{"doi":6693},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1092048",{"id":26,"text":6695,"url":26,"identifiers":6696},"Majumder, M., Chopra, N. & Hinds, B. J. Effect of tip functionalization on transport through vertically oriented carbon nanotube membranes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 9062–9070 (2005).",{"doi":6697},"10.1021\u002Fja043013b",{"id":26,"text":6699,"url":26,"identifiers":6700},"Fornasiero, F. et al. Ion exclusion by sub-2-nm carbon nanotube pores. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 17250–17255 (2008).",{"doi":6701},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0710437105",{"id":26,"text":6703,"url":26,"identifiers":6704},"Corry, B. Water and ion transport through functionalised carbon nanotubes: implications for desalination technology. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 751–759 (2011).",{"doi":6705},"10.1039\u002Fc0ee00481b",{"id":26,"text":6707,"url":26,"identifiers":6708},"Chan, W. F. et al. Zwitterion functionalized carbon nanotube\u002Fpolyamide nanocomposite membranes for water desalination. ACS Nano 7, 5308–5319 (2013).",{"doi":6709},"10.1021\u002Fnn4011494",{"id":26,"text":6711,"url":26,"identifiers":6712},"Sanchez-Valencia, J. R. et al. Controlled synthesis of single-chirality carbon nanotubes. Nature 512, 61–64 (2014).",{"doi":6713},"10.1038\u002Fnature13607",{"id":26,"text":6715,"url":26,"identifiers":6716},"Shen, Y. X. et al. Highly permeable artificial water channels that can self-assemble into two-dimensional arrays. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 9810–9815 (2015).",{"doi":6717},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1508575112",{"id":26,"text":6719,"url":26,"identifiers":6720},"Hu, X. B., Chen, Z., Tang, G., Hou, J. L. & Li, Z. T. Single-molecular artificial transmembrane water channels. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 8384–8387 (2012).",{"doi":6721},"10.1021\u002Fja302292c",{"id":26,"text":6723,"url":26,"identifiers":6724},"Hourani, R. et al. Processable cyclic peptide nanotubes with tunable interiors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 15296–15299 (2011).",{"doi":6725},"10.1021\u002Fja2063082",{"id":26,"text":6727,"url":26,"identifiers":6728},"Zhou, X. et al. Self-assembling subnanometer pores with unusual mass-transport properties. Nat. Commun. 3, 949 (2012). Highly selective artificial water channels that operate by rigid molecular sieving are reported in this study.",{"doi":6729},"10.1038\u002Fncomms1949",{"id":26,"text":6731,"url":26,"identifiers":6732},"Mauter, M. S., Elimelech, M. & Osuji, C. O. Nanocomposites of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes by magnetic alignment and polymerization of a lyotropic precursor. ACS Nano 4, 6651–6658 (2010).",{"doi":6733},"10.1021\u002Fnn102047j",{"id":26,"text":6735,"url":26,"identifiers":6736},"Xu, T. et al. Subnanometer porous thin films by the co-assembly of nanotube subunits and block copolymers. ACS Nano 5, 1376–1384 (2011).",{"doi":6737},"10.1021\u002Fnn103083t",{"id":26,"text":6739,"url":26,"identifiers":6740},"Gin, D. L., Gu, W., Pindzola, B. A. & Zhou, W. J. Polymerized lyotropic liquid crystal assemblies for materials applications. Acc. Chem. Res. 34, 973–980 (2001).",{"doi":6741},"10.1021\u002Far000140d",{"id":26,"text":6743,"url":26,"identifiers":6744},"Gin, D. L., Bara, J. E., Noble, R. D. & Elliott, B. J. Polymerized lyotropic liquid crystal assemblies for membrane applications. Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 29, 367–389 (2008).",{"doi":6745},"10.1002\u002Fmarc.200700707",{"id":26,"text":6747,"url":26,"identifiers":6748},"Zhang, Y., Sargent, J. L., Boudouris, B. W. & Phillip, W. A. Nanoporous membranes generated from self-assembled block polymer precursors: quo vadis? J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 132, 41683 (2015).",{"doi":6749},"10.1002\u002Fapp.41683",{"id":26,"text":6751,"url":26,"identifiers":6752},"Jackson, E. A. & Hillmyer, M. A. Nanoporous membranes derived from block copolymers: from drug delivery to water filtration. ACS Nano 4, 3548–3553 (2010).",{"doi":6753},"10.1021\u002Fnn1014006",{"id":26,"text":6755,"url":26,"identifiers":6756},"Zalusky, A. S., Olayo-Valles, R., Wolf, J. H. & Hillmyer, M. A. Ordered nanoporous polymers from polystyrene–polylactide block copolymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 12761–12773 (2002).",{"doi":6757},"10.1021\u002Fja0278584",{"id":26,"text":6759,"url":26,"identifiers":6760},"Sorenson, G. P., Coppage, K. L. & Mahanthappa, M. K. Unusually stable aqueous lyotropic gyroid phases from gemini dicarboxylate surfactants. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 14928–14931 (2011).",{"doi":6761},"10.1021\u002Fja2063555",{"id":26,"text":6763,"url":26,"identifiers":6764},"Hatakeyama, E. S., Wiesenauer, B. R., Gabriel, C. J., Noble, R. D. & Gin, D. L. Nanoporous, bicontinuous cubic lyotropic liquid crystal networks via polymerizable gemini ammonium surfactants. Chem. Mater. 22, 4525–4527 (2010).",{"doi":6765},"10.1021\u002Fcm1013027",{"id":26,"text":6767,"url":26,"identifiers":6768},"Zhou, M. et al. New type of membrane material for water desalination based on a cross-linked bicontinuous cubic lyotropic liquid crystal assembly. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 9574–9575 (2007).",{"doi":6769},"10.1021\u002Fja073067w",{"id":26,"text":6771,"url":26,"identifiers":6772},"Pindzola, B. A., Jin, J. & Gin, D. L. Cross-linked normal hexagonal and bicontinuous cubic assemblies via polymerizable gemini amphiphiles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 2940–2949 (2003).",{"doi":6773},"10.1021\u002Fja0208106",{"id":26,"text":6775,"url":26,"identifiers":6776},"Soberats, B. et al. 3D Anhydrous proton-transporting nanochannels formed by self-assembly of liquid crystals composed of a sulfobetaine and a sulfonic acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 15286–15289 (2013).",{"doi":6777},"10.1021\u002Fja407883b",{"id":26,"text":6779,"url":26,"identifiers":6780},"Kerr, R. L., Miller, S. A., Shoemaker, R. K., Elliott, B. J. & Gin, D. L. New type of Li ion conductor with 3D interconnected nanopores via polymerization of a liquid organic electrolyte-filled lyotropic liquid-crystal assembly. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 15972–15973 (2009).",{"doi":6781},"10.1021\u002Fja905208f",{"id":26,"text":6783,"url":26,"identifiers":6784},"Smith, R. C., Fischer, W. M. & Gin, D. L. Ordered poly(p-phenylenevinylene) matrix nanocomposites via lyotropic liquid-crystalline monomers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 4092–4093 (1997). This is an early demonstration of the formation of a nanoporous polymeric structure using surfactants based on polymerizable gallic acid.",{"doi":6785},"10.1021\u002Fja963837w",{"id":26,"text":6787,"url":26,"identifiers":6788},"Zhou, M., Kidd, T. J., Noble, R. D. & Gin, D. L. Supported lyotropic liquid-crystal polymer membranes: promising materials for molecular-size-selective aqueous nanofiltration. Adv. Mater. 17, 1850–1853 (2005).",{"doi":6789},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200500444",{"id":26,"text":6791,"url":26,"identifiers":6792},"Broer, D. J., Bastiaansen, C. M., Debije, M. G. & Schenning, A. P. Functional organic materials based on polymerized liquid-crystal monomers: supramolecular hydrogen-bonded systems. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51, 7102–7109 (2012).",{"doi":6793},"10.1002\u002Fanie.201200883",{"id":26,"text":6795,"url":26,"identifiers":6796},"Henmi, M. et al. Self-organized liquid-crystalline nanostructured membranes for water treatment: selective permeation of ions. Adv. Mater. 24, 2238–2241 (2012).",{"doi":6797},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201200108",{"id":26,"text":6799,"url":26,"identifiers":6800},"Deng, H., Gin, D. L. & Smith, R. C. Polymerizable lyotropic liquid crystals containing transition-metal and lanthanide ions: architectural control and introduction of new properties into nanostructured polymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 3522–3523 (1998).",{"doi":6801},"10.1021\u002Fja9743654",{"id":26,"text":6803,"url":26,"identifiers":6804},"Lee, H.-K. et al. Synthesis of a nanoporous polymer with hexagonal channels from supramolecular discotic liquid crystals. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 40, 2669–2671 (2001).",{"doi":6805},"10.1002\u002F1521-3773(20010716)40:14\u003C2669::AID-ANIE2669>3.0.CO;2-Q",{"id":26,"text":6807,"url":26,"identifiers":6808},"Ishida, Y. et al. Guest-responsive covalent frameworks by the cross-linking of liquid-crystalline salts: tuning of lattice flexibility by the design of polymerizable units. Chemistry 17, 14752–14762 (2011).",{"doi":6809},"10.1002\u002Fchem.201102422",{"id":26,"text":6811,"url":26,"identifiers":6812},"Feng, X. et al. Scalable fabrication of polymer membranes with vertically aligned 1 nm pores by magnetic field directed self-assembly. ACS Nano 8, 11977–11986 (2014).",{"doi":6813},"10.1021\u002Fnn505037b",{"id":26,"text":6815,"url":26,"identifiers":6816},"Gopinadhan, M. et al. Thermally switchable aligned nanopores by magnetic-field directed self-assembly of block copolymers. Adv. Mater. 26, 5148–5154 (2014).",{"doi":6817},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201401569",{"id":26,"text":6819,"url":26,"identifiers":6820},"Feng, X. et al. Thin polymer films with continuous vertically aligned 1 nm pores fabricated by soft confinement. ACS Nano 10, 150–158 (2015).",{"doi":6821},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b06130",{"id":26,"text":6823,"url":26,"identifiers":6824},"Peinemann, K. V., Abetz, V. & Simon, P. F. Asymmetric superstructure formed in a block copolymer via phase separation. Nat. Mater. 6, 992–996 (2007). In this study, block copolymer self-assembly and phase inversion are combined for the first time to readily form porous membranes with a low pore size polydispersity.",{"doi":6825},"10.1038\u002Fnmat2038",{"id":26,"text":6827,"url":26,"identifiers":6828},"Phillip, W. A. et al. Tuning structure and properties of graded triblock terpolymer-based mesoporous and hybrid films. Nano Lett. 11, 2892–2900 (2011).",{"doi":6829},"10.1021\u002Fnl2013554",{"id":26,"text":6831,"url":26,"identifiers":6832},"Gu, Y. & Wiesner, U. Tailoring pore size of graded mesoporous block copolymer membranes: moving from ultrafiltration toward nanofiltration. Macromolecules 48, 6153–6159 (2015).",{"doi":6833},"10.1021\u002Facs.macromol.5b01296",{"id":26,"text":6835,"url":26,"identifiers":6836},"Clodt, J. I. et al. Performance study of isoporous membranes with tailored pore sizes. J. Membr. Sci. 495, 334–340 (2015).",{"doi":6837},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2015.07.041",{"id":26,"text":6839,"url":26,"identifiers":6840},"Seo, M. & Hillmyer, M. A. Reticulated nanoporous polymers by controlled polymerization-induced microphase separation. Science 336, 1422–1425 (2012).",{"doi":6841},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1221383",{"id":26,"text":6843,"url":26,"identifiers":6844},"Joshi, R. K. et al. Precise and ultrafast molecular sieving through graphene oxide membranes. Science 343, 752–754 (2014). This is an experimental demonstration of molecular sieving through graphene oxide laminates, albeit with a size cut-off that is too large for desalination.",{"doi":6845},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1245711",{"id":26,"text":6847,"url":26,"identifiers":6848},"Nair, R. R., Wu, H. A., Jayaram, P. N., Grigorieva, I. V. & Geim, A. K. Unimpeded permeation of water through helium-leak-tight graphene-based membranes. Science 335, 442–444 (2012).",{"doi":6849},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1211694",{"id":26,"text":6851,"url":26,"identifiers":6852},"Surwade, S. P. et al. Water desalination using nanoporous single-layer graphene. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 459–464 (2015).",{"doi":6853},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.37",{"id":26,"text":6855,"url":26,"identifiers":6856},"Russo, C. J. & Golovchenko, J. A. Atom-by-atom nucleation and growth of graphene nanopores. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 5953–5957 (2012).",{"doi":6857},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1119827109",{"id":26,"text":6859,"url":26,"identifiers":6860},"Cohen-Tanugi, D. & Grossman, J. C. Water desalination across nanoporous graphene. Nano Lett. 12, 3602–3608 (2012).",{"doi":6861},"10.1021\u002Fnl3012853",{"id":26,"text":6863,"url":26,"identifiers":6864},"O'Hern, S. C. et al. Selective ionic transport through tunable subnanometer pores in single-layer graphene membranes. Nano Lett. 14, 1234–1241 (2014).",{"doi":6865},"10.1021\u002Fnl404118f",{"id":26,"text":6867,"url":26,"identifiers":6868},"O'Hern, S. C. et al. Nanofiltration across defect-sealed nanoporous monolayer graphene. Nano Lett. 15, 3254–3260 (2015).",{"doi":6869},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b00456",{"id":26,"text":6871,"url":26,"identifiers":6872},"O'Hern, S. C. et al. Selective molecular transport through intrinsic defects in a single layer of CVD graphene. ACS Nano 6, 10130–10138 (2012).",{"doi":6873},"10.1021\u002Fnn303869m",{"id":26,"text":6875,"url":26,"identifiers":6876},"Mi, B. Graphene oxide membranes for ionic and molecular sieving. Science 343, 740–742 (2014).",{"doi":6877},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1250247",{"id":26,"text":6879,"url":26,"identifiers":6880},"Yeh, C. N., Raidongia, K., Shao, J., Yang, Q. H. & Huang, J. On the origin of the stability of graphene oxide membranes in water. Nat. Chem. 7, 166–170 (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":6882,"url":26,"identifiers":6883},"Su, Y. et al. Impermeable barrier films and protective coatings based on reduced graphene oxide. Nat. Commun. 5, 4843 (2014).",{"doi":6884},"10.1038\u002Fncomms5843",{"id":26,"text":6886,"url":26,"identifiers":6887},"Liu, H., Wang, H. & Zhang, X. Facile fabrication of freestanding ultrathin reduced graphene oxide membranes for water purification. Adv. Mater. 27, 249–254 (2015).",{"doi":6888},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201404054",{"id":26,"text":6890,"url":26,"identifiers":6891},"Hung, W.-S. et al. Cross-linking with diamine monomers to prepare composite graphene oxide-framework membranes with varying d-spacing. Chem. Mater. 26, 2983–2990 (2014).",{"doi":6892},"10.1021\u002Fcm5007873",{"id":26,"text":6894,"url":26,"identifiers":6895},"Zhang, Y., Zhang, S. & Chung, T. S. Nanometric graphene oxide framework membranes with enhanced heavy metal removal via nanofiltration. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 10235–10242 (2015).",{"doi":6896},"10.1021\u002Facs.est.5b02086",{"id":26,"text":6898,"url":26,"identifiers":6899},"Ostuni, E., Chapman, R. G., Holmlin, R. E., Takayama, S. & Whitesides, G. M. A survey of structure–property relationships of surfaces that resist the adsorption of protein. Langmuir 17, 5605–5620 (2001). Through adsorption measurements of proteins on model surfaces with defined functional groups, this study describes general characteristics of non-fouling surfaces.",{"doi":6900},"10.1021\u002Fla010384m",{"id":26,"text":6902,"url":26,"identifiers":6903},"Banerjee, I., Pangule, R. C. & Kane, R. S. Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms. Adv. Mater. 23, 690–718 (2011).",{"doi":6904},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201001215",{"id":26,"text":6906,"url":26,"identifiers":6907},"Jiang, S. & Cao, Z. Ultralow-fouling, functionalizable, and hydrolyzable zwitterionic materials and their derivatives for biological applications. Adv. Mater. 22, 920–932 (2010).",{"doi":6908},"10.1002\u002Fadma.200901407",{"id":26,"text":6910,"url":26,"identifiers":6911},"Callow, J. A. & Callow, M. E. Trends in the development of environmentally friendly fouling-resistant marine coatings. Nat. Commun. 2, 244 (2011).",{"doi":6912},"10.1038\u002Fncomms1251",{"id":26,"text":6914,"url":26,"identifiers":6915},"Kang, G. D. & Cao, Y. M. Development of antifouling reverse osmosis membranes for water treatment: a review. Water Res. 46, 584–600 (2012).",{"doi":6916},"10.1016\u002Fj.watres.2011.11.041",{"id":26,"text":6918,"url":26,"identifiers":6919},"Rana, D. & Matsuura, T. Surface modifications for antifouling membranes. Chem. Rev. 110, 2448–2471 (2010).",{"doi":6920},"10.1021\u002Fcr800208y",{"id":26,"text":6922,"url":26,"identifiers":6923},"Shaffer, D. L., Jaramillo, H., Romero-Vargas Castrillón, S., Lu, X. & Elimelech, M. Post-fabrication modification of forward osmosis membranes with a poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer for improved organic fouling resistance. J. Membr. Sci. 490, 209–219 (2015).",{"doi":6924},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2015.04.060",{"id":26,"text":6926,"url":26,"identifiers":6927},"Van Wagner, E. M., Sagle, A. C., Sharma, M. M., La, Y.-H. & Freeman, B. D. Surface modification of commercial polyamide desalination membranes using poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether to enhance membrane fouling resistance. J. Membr. Sci. 367, 273–287 (2011).",{"doi":6928},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2010.11.001",{"id":26,"text":6930,"url":26,"identifiers":6931},"Barbey, R. et al. Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem. Rev. 109, 5437–5527 (2009).",{"doi":6932},"10.1021\u002Fcr900045a",{"id":26,"text":6934,"url":26,"identifiers":6935},"Ye, G., Lee, J., Perreault, F. & Elimelech, M. Controlled architecture of dual-functional block copolymer brushes on thin-film composite membranes for integrated “defending” and “attacking” strategies against biofouling. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 23069–23079 (2015).",{"doi":6936},"10.1021\u002Facsami.5b06647",{"id":26,"text":6938,"url":26,"identifiers":6939},"Kang, S., Asatekin, A., Mayes, A. M. & Elimelech, M. Protein antifouling mechanisms of PAN UF membranes incorporating PAN-g-PEO additive. J. Membr. Sci. 296, 42–50 (2007).",{"doi":6940},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2007.03.012",{"id":26,"text":6942,"url":26,"identifiers":6943},"Asatekin, A., Kang, S., Elimelech, M. & Mayes, A. M. Anti-fouling ultrafiltration membranes containing polyacrylonitrile-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) comb copolymer additives. J. Membr. Sci. 298, 136–146 (2007). The in situ surface segregation approach is used in this study to readily fabricate fouling-resistant polyacrylonitrile UF membranes.",{"doi":6944},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2007.04.011",{"id":26,"text":6946,"url":26,"identifiers":6947},"Chen, W. et al. Engineering a robust, versatile amphiphilic membrane surface through forced surface segregation for ultralow flux-decline. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 191–198 (2011).",{"doi":6948},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201001384",{"id":26,"text":6950,"url":26,"identifiers":6951},"Chen, W. et al. Efficient wastewater treatment by membranes through constructing tunable antifouling membrane surfaces. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 6545–6552 (2011).",{"doi":6952},"10.1021\u002Fes200994n",{"id":26,"text":6954,"url":26,"identifiers":6955},"Zhao, X. et al. Engineering amphiphilic membrane surfaces based on PEO and PDMS segments for improved antifouling performances. J. Membr. Sci. 450, 111–123 (2014).",{"doi":6956},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2013.08.044",{"id":26,"text":6958,"url":26,"identifiers":6959},"Shaffer, D. L., Werber, J. R., Jaramillo, H., Lin, S. & Elimelech, M. Forward osmosis: where are we now? Desalination 356, 271–284 (2015).",{"doi":6960},"10.1016\u002Fj.desal.2014.10.031",{"id":26,"text":6962,"url":26,"identifiers":6963},"Tiraferri, A., Yip, N. Y., Phillip, W. A., Schiffman, J. D. & Elimelech, M. Relating performance of thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes to support layer formation and structure. J. Membr. Sci. 367, 340–352 (2011).",{"doi":6964},"10.1016\u002Fj.memsci.2010.11.014",{"id":26,"text":6966,"url":26,"identifiers":6967},"Lu, X., Arias Chavez, L. H., Romero-Vargas Castrillón, S., Ma, J. & Elimelech, M. Influence of active layer and support layer surface structures on organic fouling propensity of thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 1436–1444 (2015).",{"doi":6968},"10.1021\u002Fes5044062",{"id":26,"text":6970,"url":26,"identifiers":6971},"Pohl, P., Saparov, S. M., Borgnia, M. J. & Agre, P. Highly selective water channel activity measured by voltage clamp: analysis of planar lipid bilayers reconstituted with purified AqpZ. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 9624–9629 (2001).",{"doi":6972},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.161299398",{"id":26,"text":6974,"url":26,"identifiers":6975},"Ruiz, L., Wu, Y. & Keten, S. Tailoring the water structure and transport in nanotubes with tunable interiors. Nanoscale 7, 121–132 (2015).",{"doi":6976},"10.1039\u002FC4NR05407E",{"id":6978,"createTime":6979,"updateTime":6979,"relativeEntities":6980,"slug":6981,"properties":6982,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":6979,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":6993,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":6994,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":6995,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":7110,"citationCount":7140,"citationInfo":7141,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":7150,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"aac55dc5-f190-4b8b-8cd4-313bd9b20eae","2024-09-19T08:59:03.512+00:00",[],"Van-der-Waals-heterostructures-and-devices",{"mag":6983,"keywords":6985,"openalex":6986,"abstract":6988,"title":6989,"doi":6991},{"VOID":6984},"2475096219",{},{"VOID":6987},"W2475096219",{},{"EN":6990},"Van der Waals heterostructures and devices",{"VOID":6992},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2016.42",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats201642",[6996,7016,7033,7055,7072,7089],{"id":6997,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":6998,"affiliations":6999,"properties":7011},"7a9ace10-926c-45db-b1d5-930dd0f0909c",[],[7000],{"id":7001,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7002,"properties":26},"4de3a264-a207-491f-8940-08bf55f75b90",{"id":7003,"createTime":7004,"updateTime":7005,"relativeEntities":7006,"slug":7007,"properties":7008,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"ad675f27-5150-4ed4-aa56-6d8f67890a7b","2024-09-19T08:57:52.304+00:00","2024-12-22T06:39:46.520+00:00",[],"Department-of-Materials-Science-and-Engineering-University-of-California-Los-Angeles-90095-California-USA",{"title":7009},{"EN":7010},"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, California, USA",{"openalex":7012,"title":7014},{"VOID":7013},"A5021352246",{"EN":7015},"Nathan O. Weiss",{"id":7017,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":7018,"affiliations":7019,"properties":7026},"0db093d8-75ab-4b1c-9ef4-d3f6751de892",[],[7020],{"id":7021,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7022,"properties":26},"e26fd96c-6628-4ca0-a0b3-cb7b254a38f5",{"id":7003,"createTime":7004,"updateTime":7005,"relativeEntities":7023,"slug":7007,"properties":7024,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":7025},{"EN":7010},{"openalex":7027,"orcid":7029,"title":7031},{"VOID":7028},"A5100390838",{"VOID":7030},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-0024-9290",{"EN":7032},"Yuan Liu",{"id":7034,"sortIndex":162,"researcher":26,"roles":7035,"affiliations":7036,"properties":7048},"29cdfd47-f251-4104-8f75-cf0099d7db48",[],[7037],{"id":7038,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7039,"properties":26},"2cef7f00-ef22-44b3-b09d-90ec21c27789",{"id":7040,"createTime":7041,"updateTime":7042,"relativeEntities":7043,"slug":7044,"properties":7045,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"8f0e55b1-c755-47fe-b48f-8ee0b7836117","2024-09-19T08:57:52.290+00:00","2024-12-22T06:39:46.606+00:00",[],"Department-of-Chemistry-and-Biochemistry-University-of-California-Los-Angeles-90095-California-USA",{"title":7046},{"EN":7047},"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, California, USA",{"openalex":7049,"orcid":7051,"title":7053},{"VOID":7050},"A5019924793",{"VOID":7052},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4321-6288",{"EN":7054},"Xiangfeng Duan",{"id":7056,"sortIndex":111,"researcher":26,"roles":7057,"affiliations":7058,"properties":7065},"a69561cd-8f61-4446-b273-4c014289355b",[],[7059],{"id":7060,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7061,"properties":26},"60c97b1f-5b33-4e4b-8b22-acb8c4545600",{"id":7003,"createTime":7004,"updateTime":7005,"relativeEntities":7062,"slug":7007,"properties":7063,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":7064},{"EN":7010},{"openalex":7066,"orcid":7068,"title":7070},{"VOID":7067},"A5041318946",{"VOID":7069},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-1793-0741",{"EN":7071},"Yu Huang",{"id":7073,"sortIndex":59,"researcher":26,"roles":7074,"affiliations":7075,"properties":7082},"78ec8dce-5e76-45ed-a058-622d1147e7f9",[],[7076],{"id":7077,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7078,"properties":26},"52142094-6d7d-4295-9a4e-84d892acb851",{"id":7003,"createTime":7004,"updateTime":7005,"relativeEntities":7079,"slug":7007,"properties":7080,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":7081},{"EN":7010},{"openalex":7083,"orcid":7085,"title":7087},{"VOID":7084},"A5013068400",{"VOID":7086},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1631-2231",{"EN":7088},"Horng-Long Cheng",{"id":7090,"sortIndex":114,"researcher":26,"roles":7091,"affiliations":7092,"properties":7103},"fa9983a1-789d-4bef-b0e3-de2a11288472",[],[7093],{"id":7094,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7095,"properties":26},"84c91bf1-e4ab-443b-b5f1-344a63cfc62a",{"id":7096,"createTime":7097,"updateTime":7097,"relativeEntities":7098,"slug":7099,"properties":7100,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"e6190ff9-af84-4cf9-83a8-0146042ecce4","2024-09-19T08:59:03.561+00:00",[],"State-Key-Laboratory-of-Chemo-Biosensing-and-Chemometrics-College-of-Chemistry-and-Chemical-Engineering-Hunan-University-Changsha-410082-Hunan-P-R-China",{"title":7101},{"EN":7102},"State Key Laboratory of Chemo\u002FBiosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, P. R. China",{"openalex":7104,"orcid":7106,"title":7108},{"VOID":7105},"A5005725920",{"VOID":7107},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4951-901X",{"EN":7109},"Xidong Duan",{"url":26,"publisher":7111,"properties":7136},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":7112,"slug":663,"properties":7113,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":7119,"manageAffiliations":7120,"indexDatabases":7121,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":7114,"issn":7115,"introduce":7116,"eissn":7117,"title":7118},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[7122,7129],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":7123,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":7128,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":7124,"label":7125,"description":7126,"key":772,"publicationTags":7127,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":7130,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":7135,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":7131,"label":7132,"description":7133,"key":748,"publicationTags":7134,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":7137,"issue":7138},{"VOID":2720},{"VOID":7139},"9",2149,{"total":7140,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":7142},{"2016":53,"2017":7143,"2018":7144,"2019":7145,"2020":621,"2021":7146,"2022":7147,"2023":7148,"2024":7149},112,191,249,321,368,352,219,[7151,7155,7157,7161,7165,7168,7172,7175,7179,7183,7187,7191,7195,7199,7203,7207,7211,7215,7219,7223,7227,7231,7235,7239,7242,7246,7250,7253,7255,7259,7262,7266,7270,7272,7276,7280,7283,7287,7291,7295,7299,7302,7306,7308,7311,7315,7319,7323,7327,7329,7333,7337,7341,7345,7349,7353,7356,7358,7362,7365,7368,7372,7376,7380,7384,7388,7392,7396,7400,7404,7408,7412,7416,7420,7424,7427,7431,7435,7439,7443,7447,7451,7455,7459,7463,7467,7471,7475,7479,7483,7487,7490,7494,7498,7502,7506,7510,7514,7516,7520,7524,7528,7531,7535,7539,7543,7545,7549,7553,7557,7561,7565,7569,7572,7576,7580,7584,7588,7592,7596,7600,7604,7608,7612,7616,7620,7624,7628,7632,7636,7640,7644,7648,7652,7656,7660,7664,7668,7672,7676,7680,7684,7688,7692,7696,7700,7704,7708,7712,7716,7720,7724,7728,7732,7736,7740,7744,7748,7752,7756,7760,7764,7768,7772,7776,7780,7784,7788,7792,7796,7800,7804,7808,7812,7816],{"id":26,"text":7152,"url":26,"identifiers":7153},"Novoselov, K. S. et al. A roadmap for graphene. Nature 490, 192–200 (2012).",{"doi":7154},"10.1038\u002Fnature11458",{"id":26,"text":2354,"url":26,"identifiers":7156},{"doi":2356},{"id":26,"text":7158,"url":26,"identifiers":7159},"Weiss, N. O. et al. Graphene: an emerging electronic material. Adv. Mater. 24, 5782–5825 (2012).",{"doi":7160},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201201482",{"id":26,"text":7162,"url":26,"identifiers":7163},"Wang, Q. H., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Kis, A., Coleman, J. N. & Strano, M. S. Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 699–712 (2012).",{"doi":7164},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2012.193",{"id":26,"text":7166,"url":26,"identifiers":7167},"Geim, A. K. & Grigorieva, I. V. Van der Waals heterostructures. Nature 499, 419–425 (2013). A comprehensive review of stacking 2DLMs into diverse vdWHs.",{"doi":930},{"id":26,"text":7169,"url":26,"identifiers":7170},"Chhowalla, M. et al. The chemistry of two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets. Nat. Chem. 5, 263–275 (2013).",{"doi":7171},"10.1038\u002Fnchem.1589",{"id":26,"text":7173,"url":26,"identifiers":7174},"Fiori, G. et al. Electronics based on two-dimensional materials. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 768–779 (2013).",{"doi":910},{"id":26,"text":7176,"url":26,"identifiers":7177},"Jariwala, D., Sangwan, V. K., Lauhon, L. J., Marks, T. J. & Hersam, M. C. Emerging device applications for semiconducting two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. ACS Nano 8, 1102–1120 (2014).",{"doi":7178},"10.1021\u002Fnn500064s",{"id":26,"text":7180,"url":26,"identifiers":7181},"Zhang, H. Ultrathin two-dimensional nanomaterials. ACS Nano 9, 9451–9469 (2015).",{"doi":7182},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b05040",{"id":26,"text":7184,"url":26,"identifiers":7185},"Liu, Y. et al. Plasmon resonance enhanced multicolour photodetection by graphene. Nat. Commun. 2, 579 (2011).",{"doi":7186},"10.1038\u002Fncomms1589",{"id":26,"text":7188,"url":26,"identifiers":7189},"Konstantatos, G. et al. Hybrid graphene–quantum dot phototransistors with ultrahigh gain. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 363–368 (2012).",{"doi":7190},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2012.60",{"id":26,"text":7192,"url":26,"identifiers":7193},"Liao, L. et al. High-k oxide nanoribbons as gate dielectrics for high mobility top-gated graphene transistors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 6711–6715 (2010). This study represents one the first reports of van der Waals integration of 2DLM (graphene) with other diverse nanostructures, which can minimize the damage to 2DLM atomic lattices and retain their intrinsic electronic properties.",{"doi":7194},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.0914117107",{"id":26,"text":7196,"url":26,"identifiers":7197},"Liao, L. et al. High-speed graphene transistors with a self-aligned nanowire gate. Nature 467, 305–308 (2010).",{"doi":7198},"10.1038\u002Fnature09405",{"id":26,"text":7200,"url":26,"identifiers":7201},"Dean, C. R. et al. Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 722–726 (2010). This study represents one of the earliest report of van der Waals integration of two different 2DLMs to create 2DLM vdWHs.",{"doi":7202},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2010.172",{"id":26,"text":7204,"url":26,"identifiers":7205},"Britnell, L. et al. Electron tunneling through ultrathin boron nitride crystalline barriers. Nano Lett. 12, 1707–1710 (2012).",{"doi":7206},"10.1021\u002Fnl3002205",{"id":26,"text":7208,"url":26,"identifiers":7209},"Withers, F. et al. Light-emitting diodes by band-structure engineering in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat. Mater. 14, 301–306 (2015).",{"doi":7210},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4205",{"id":26,"text":7212,"url":26,"identifiers":7213},"Geim, A. K. & Novoselov, K. S. The rise of graphene. Nat. Mater. 6, 183–191 (2007).",{"doi":7214},"10.1038\u002Fnmat1849",{"id":26,"text":7216,"url":26,"identifiers":7217},"Lee, C. et al. Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321, 385–388 (2008).",{"doi":7218},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1157996",{"id":26,"text":7220,"url":26,"identifiers":7221},"Neto, A. C. et al. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109 (2009).",{"doi":7222},"10.1103\u002FRevModPhys.81.109",{"id":26,"text":7224,"url":26,"identifiers":7225},"Novoselov, K. S. et al. Unconventional quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase of 2π in bilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 2, 177–180 (2006).",{"doi":7226},"10.1038\u002Fnphys245",{"id":26,"text":7228,"url":26,"identifiers":7229},"Zhang, Y. et al. Direct observation of a widely tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene. Nature. 459, 820–823 (2009).",{"doi":7230},"10.1038\u002Fnature08105",{"id":26,"text":7232,"url":26,"identifiers":7233},"Luican, A. et al. Single layer behavior and its breakdown in twisted graphene layers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 126802 (2011).",{"doi":7234},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.106.126802",{"id":26,"text":7236,"url":26,"identifiers":7237},"Mayorov, A. S. et al. Micrometer-scale ballistic transport in encapsulated graphene at room temperature. Nano Lett. 11, 2396–2399 (2011).",{"doi":7238},"10.1021\u002Fnl200758b",{"id":26,"text":7240,"url":26,"identifiers":7241},"Meric, I. et al. in 2011 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting 2.1.1–2.1.4 (Washington, 2011).",{},{"id":26,"text":7243,"url":26,"identifiers":7244},"Ci, L. et al. Atomic layers of hybridized boron nitride and graphene domains. Nat. Mater. 9, 430–43 5 (2010).",{"doi":7245},"10.1038\u002Fnmat2711",{"id":26,"text":7247,"url":26,"identifiers":7248},"Duan, X., Wang, C., Pan, A., Yu, R. & Duan, X. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides as atomically thin semiconductors: opportunities and challenges. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 8859–8876 (2015).",{"doi":7249},"10.1039\u002FC5CS00507H",{"id":26,"text":7251,"url":26,"identifiers":7252},"Mak, K. F., Lee, C., Hone, J., Shan, J. & Heinz, T. F. Atomically thin MoS2: a new direct-gap semiconductor. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 136805 (2010). This represents one of the earliest studies reporting the indirect-to-direct band transition in MoS2, which ignited the intense interest in TMD materials.",{"doi":1776},{"id":26,"text":1766,"url":26,"identifiers":7254},{"doi":1768},{"id":26,"text":7256,"url":26,"identifiers":7257},"Reale, F. Sharda, K. & Mattevi, C. et al. From bulk crystals to atomically thin layers of group VI transition metal dichalcogenides vapour phase synthesis. Appl. Mater. Today 3, 11–22 (2016).",{"doi":7258},"10.1016\u002Fj.apmt.2015.12.003",{"id":26,"text":7260,"url":26,"identifiers":7261},"Lee, Y. H. et al. Synthesis of large area MoS2 atomic layers with chemical vapor deposition. Adv. Mater. 24, 2320–2325 (2012).",{"doi":2161},{"id":26,"text":7263,"url":26,"identifiers":7264},"Shaw, J. C. et al. Chemical vapor deposition growth of monolayer MoSe2 nanosheets. Nano. Res. 7, 511–517 (2014).",{"doi":7265},"10.1007\u002Fs12274-014-0417-z",{"id":26,"text":7267,"url":26,"identifiers":7268},"Zhou, H. et al. Large area growth and electrical properties of p-type WSe2 atomic layers. Nano. Lett. 15, 709–713 (2014).",{"doi":7269},"10.1021\u002Fnl504256y",{"id":26,"text":2191,"url":26,"identifiers":7271},{"doi":2193},{"id":26,"text":7273,"url":26,"identifiers":7274},"Mak, K. F., McGill, K. L., Park, J. & McEuen, P. L. The valley Hall effect in MoS2 transistors. Science 344, 1489–1492 (2014).",{"doi":7275},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1250140",{"id":26,"text":7277,"url":26,"identifiers":7278},"Zeng, H., Dai, J., Yao, W., Xiao, D. & Cui, X. Valley polarization in MoS2 monolayers by optical pumping. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 490–493 (2012).",{"doi":7279},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2012.95",{"id":26,"text":7281,"url":26,"identifiers":7282},"Ye, J. et al. Superconducting dome in a gate-tuned band insulator. Science 338, 1193–1196 (2012).",{"doi":1982},{"id":26,"text":7284,"url":26,"identifiers":7285},"Kong, D. & Cui, Y. Opportunities in chemistry and materials science for topological insulators and their nanostructures. Nat. Chem. 3, 845–849 (2011).",{"doi":7286},"10.1038\u002Fnchem.1171",{"id":26,"text":7288,"url":26,"identifiers":7289},"Sun, Y. et al. Atomically thick bismuth selenide freestanding single layers achieving enhanced thermoelectric energy harvesting. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 20294–20297 (2012).",{"doi":7290},"10.1021\u002Fja3102049",{"id":26,"text":7292,"url":26,"identifiers":7293},"Min, Y. et al. Surfactant-free scalable synthesis of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 nanoflakes and enhanced thermoelectric properties of their nanocomposites. Adv. Mater. 25, 1425–1429 (2013).",{"doi":7294},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201203764",{"id":26,"text":7296,"url":26,"identifiers":7297},"Hong, M., Chen, Z., Yang, L., Han, G. & Zou, J. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of ultrathin Bi2Se3 nanosheets through thickness control. Adv. Electron. Mater. 1, 1500025 (2015).",{"doi":7298},"10.1002\u002Faelm.201500025",{"id":26,"text":7300,"url":26,"identifiers":7301},"Naguib, M., Mochalin, V. N., Barsoum, M. W. & Gogotsi, Y. 25th anniversary article: MXenes: a new family of two-dimensional materials. Adv. Mater. 26, 992–1005 (2014).",{"doi":990},{"id":26,"text":7303,"url":26,"identifiers":7304},"Qiao, J., Kong, X., Hu, Z.-X., Yang, F. & Ji, W. High-mobility transport anisotropy and linear dichroism in few-layer black phosphorus. Nat. Commun. 5, 4475 (2014).",{"doi":7305},"10.1038\u002Fncomms5475",{"id":26,"text":944,"url":26,"identifiers":7307},{"doi":946},{"id":26,"text":7309,"url":26,"identifiers":7310},"Li, L. et al. Black phosphorus field-effect transistors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 4033–4041 (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":7312,"url":26,"identifiers":7313},"Osada, M. & Sasaki, T. Exfoliated oxide nanosheets: new solution to nanoelectronics. J. Mater. Chem. 19, 2503–2511 (2009).",{"doi":7314},"10.1039\u002Fb820160a",{"id":26,"text":7316,"url":26,"identifiers":7317},"Subramanian, M. et al. A new high-temperature superconductor: Bi2Sr3−xCax Cu2O8+y . Science 239, 1015–1017 (1988).",{"doi":7318},"10.1126\u002Fscience.239.4843.1015",{"id":26,"text":7320,"url":26,"identifiers":7321},"Wang, Q. & O'Hare, D. Recent advances in the synthesis and application of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets. Chem. Rev. 112, 4124–4155 (2012).",{"doi":7322},"10.1021\u002Fcr200434v",{"id":26,"text":7324,"url":26,"identifiers":7325},"Colson, J. W. et al. Oriented 2D covalent organic famework thin films on single-layer graphene. Science 332, 228–231 (2011).",{"doi":7326},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1202747",{"id":26,"text":2271,"url":26,"identifiers":7328},{"doi":2273},{"id":26,"text":7330,"url":26,"identifiers":7331},"Nair, R. R. et al. Fluorographene: a two-dimensional counterpart of teflon. Small 6, 2877–2884 (2010).",{"doi":7332},"10.1002\u002Fsmll.201001555",{"id":26,"text":7334,"url":26,"identifiers":7335},"Elias, D. C. et al. Control of graphene's properties by reversible hydrogenation: evidence for graphane. Science 323, 610–613 (2009).",{"doi":7336},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1167130",{"id":26,"text":7338,"url":26,"identifiers":7339},"Duan, X. et al. Synthesis of WS2xSe2−2x alloy nanosheets with composition-tunable electronic properties. Nano Lett. 16, 264–269 (2016).",{"doi":7340},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b03662",{"id":26,"text":7342,"url":26,"identifiers":7343},"Li, H. et al. Lateral growth of composition graded atomic layer MoS2(1−x) Se2x nanosheets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 5284–5287 (2015).",{"doi":7344},"10.1021\u002Fjacs.5b01594",{"id":26,"text":7346,"url":26,"identifiers":7347},"Zhang, W. et al. CVD synthesis of Mo(1−x)WxS2 and MoS2(1−x)Se2x alloy monolayers aimed at tuning the bandgap of molybdenum disulfide. Nanoscale 7, 13554–13560 (2015).",{"doi":7348},"10.1039\u002FC5NR02515J",{"id":26,"text":7350,"url":26,"identifiers":7351},"Feng, Q. et al. Growth of MoS2(1−x)Se2x (x = 0.41–1.00) monolayer alloys with controlled morphology by physical vapor deposition. ACS Nano 9, 7450–7455 (2015).",{"doi":7352},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b02506",{"id":26,"text":7354,"url":26,"identifiers":7355},"Li, M.-Y. et al. Epitaxial growth of a monolayer WSe2–MoS2 lateral pn junction with an atomically sharp interface. Science 349, 524–528 (2015).",{"doi":2285},{"id":26,"text":2279,"url":26,"identifiers":7357},{"doi":2281},{"id":26,"text":7359,"url":26,"identifiers":7360},"Novoselov, K. S. et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306, 666–669 (2004).",{"doi":7361},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1102896",{"id":26,"text":7363,"url":26,"identifiers":7364},"Novoselov, K. S. et al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10451–10453 (2005).",{"doi":2067},{"id":26,"text":7366,"url":26,"identifiers":7367},"Nicolosi, V., Chhowalla, M., Kanatzidis, M. G., Strano, M. S. & Coleman, J. N. Liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 340, http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1126\u002Fscience.1226419 (2013).",{"doi":906},{"id":26,"text":7369,"url":26,"identifiers":7370},"Halim, U. et al. A rational design of cosolvent exfoliation of layered materials by directly probing liquid–solid interaction. Nat. Commun. 4, 2213 (2013).",{"doi":7371},"10.1038\u002Fncomms3213",{"id":26,"text":7373,"url":26,"identifiers":7374},"Lu, Q., Yu, Y., Ma, Q., Chen, B. & Zhang, H. 2D Transition-metal-dichalcogenide-nanosheet-based composites for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. Adv. Mater. 28, 1917–1933 (2016).",{"doi":7375},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201503270",{"id":26,"text":7377,"url":26,"identifiers":7378},"Song, L. et al. Large scale growth and characterization of atomic hexagonal boron nitride layers. Nano Lett. 10, 3209–3215 (2010).",{"doi":7379},"10.1021\u002Fnl1022139",{"id":26,"text":7381,"url":26,"identifiers":7382},"Liu, L. et al. Heteroepitaxial growth of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride templated by graphene edges. Science 343, 163–167 (2014).",{"doi":7383},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1246137",{"id":26,"text":7385,"url":26,"identifiers":7386},"Yu, J. Li, J., Zhang, W. & Chang, H. Synthesis of high quality two-dimensional materials via chemical vapor deposition. Chem. Sci. 6, 6705–6716 (2015).",{"doi":7387},"10.1039\u002FC5SC01941A",{"id":26,"text":7389,"url":26,"identifiers":7390},"Lu, G. et al. Synthesis of large single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride grains on Cu–Ni alloy. Nat. Commun. 6, 6160 (2015).",{"doi":7391},"10.1038\u002Fncomms7160",{"id":26,"text":7393,"url":26,"identifiers":7394},"Wu, T. et al. Fast growth of inch-sized single-crystalline graphene from a controlled single nucleus on Cu–Ni alloys. Nat. Mater. 15, 43–47 (2016).",{"doi":7395},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4477",{"id":26,"text":7397,"url":26,"identifiers":7398},"Andres, C.-G. et al. Deterministic transfer of two-dimensional materials by all-dry viscoelastic stamping. 2D Mater. 1, 011002 (2014).",{"doi":7399},"10.1088\u002F2053-1583\u002F1\u002F1\u002F011002",{"id":26,"text":7401,"url":26,"identifiers":7402},"Zomer, P. J., Dash, S. P., Tombros, N. & Wees, B. J. A transfer technique for high mobility graphene devices on commercially available hexagonal boron nitride. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 232104 (2011).",{"doi":7403},"10.1063\u002F1.3665405",{"id":26,"text":7405,"url":26,"identifiers":7406},"Wang, L. et al. One-dimensional electrical contact to a two-dimensional material. Science. 342, 614–617 (2013). This study represents the first report of the edge-contact geometry for making contact to 2DLMs, which is important for constructing complex vdWH devices.",{"doi":7407},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1244358",{"id":26,"text":7409,"url":26,"identifiers":7410},"Haigh, S. J. et al. Cross-sectional imaging of individual layers and buried interfaces of graphene-based heterostructures and superlattices. Nat. Mater. 11, 764–767 (2012).",{"doi":7411},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3386",{"id":26,"text":7413,"url":26,"identifiers":7414},"Yan, A. et al. Direct growth of single- and few-layer MoS2 on h-BN with preferred relative rotation angles. Nano Lett. 15, 6324–6331 (2015).",{"doi":7415},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b01311",{"id":26,"text":7417,"url":26,"identifiers":7418},"Woods, C. R. et al. Commensurate–incommensurate transition in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride. Nat. Phys. 10, 451–456 (2014).",{"doi":7419},"10.1038\u002Fnphys2954",{"id":26,"text":7421,"url":26,"identifiers":7422},"Liu, Y. et al. Towards barrier free contact to molybdenum disulfide using graphene electrodes. Nano Lett. 15, 3030–3034 (2015). This study presents the highest FET mobility achieved in MoS2 using a barrier-free coplanar graphene contact, with a peak mobility of 1,300 cm2 V−1 s−1.",{"doi":7423},"10.1021\u002Fnl504957p",{"id":26,"text":7425,"url":26,"identifiers":7426},"Cui, X. et al. Multi-terminal transport measurements of MoS2 using a van der Waals heterostructure device platform. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 534–540 (2015). This study presents the highest Hall mobility achieved in MoS2 using multiterminal staggered graphene contact, with a peak mobility of 34,000 cm2 V−1 s−1.",{"doi":2332},{"id":26,"text":7428,"url":26,"identifiers":7429},"Avsar, A. et al. Air-stable transport in graphene-contacted, fully encapsulated ultrathin black phosphorus-based field-effect transistors. ACS Nano 9, 4138–4145 (2015).",{"doi":7430},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b00289",{"id":26,"text":7432,"url":26,"identifiers":7433},"Cheng, H. C. et al. Van der Waals heterojunction devices based on organohalide perovskites and two-dimensional materials. Nano Lett. 16, 367–373 (2016).",{"doi":7434},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b03944",{"id":26,"text":7436,"url":26,"identifiers":7437},"Fiori, G., Bruzzone, S. & Iannaccone, G. Very Large current modulation in vertical heterostructure graphene\u002FhBN transistors. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 60, 268–273 (2013).",{"doi":7438},"10.1109\u002FTED.2012.2226464",{"id":26,"text":7440,"url":26,"identifiers":7441},"Yankowitz, M. et al. Emergence of superlattice Dirac points in graphene on hexagonal boron nitride. Nat. Phys. 8, 382–386 (2012).",{"doi":7442},"10.1038\u002Fnphys2272",{"id":26,"text":7444,"url":26,"identifiers":7445},"Xue, J. et al. Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy of ultra-flat graphene on hexagonal boron nitride. Nat. Mater. 10, 282–285 (2011).",{"doi":7446},"10.1038\u002Fnmat2968",{"id":26,"text":7448,"url":26,"identifiers":7449},"Zhao, W. et al. Evolution of electronic structure in atomically thin sheets of WS2 and WSe2 . ACS Nano 7, 791–797 (2012).",{"doi":7450},"10.1021\u002Fnn305275h",{"id":26,"text":7452,"url":26,"identifiers":7453},"Das, S. et al. Tunable transport gap in phosphorene. Nano Lett. 14, 5733–5739 (2014).",{"doi":7454},"10.1021\u002Fnl5025535",{"id":26,"text":7456,"url":26,"identifiers":7457},"Chiu, M.-H. et al. Spectroscopic signatures for interlayer coupling in MoS2–WSe2 van der Waals stacking. ACS Nano 8, 9649–9656 (2014).",{"doi":7458},"10.1021\u002Fnn504229z",{"id":26,"text":7460,"url":26,"identifiers":7461},"Ponomarenko, L. A. et al. Tunable metal–insulator transition in double-layer graphene heterostructures. Nat. Phys. 7, 958–961 (2011).",{"doi":7462},"10.1038\u002Fnphys2114",{"id":26,"text":7464,"url":26,"identifiers":7465},"Fang, H. et al. Strong interlayer coupling in van der Waals heterostructures built from single-layer chalcogenides. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 6198–6202 (2014).",{"doi":7466},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1405435111",{"id":26,"text":7468,"url":26,"identifiers":7469},"Liu, K. et al. Evolution of interlayer coupling in twisted molybdenum disulfide bilayers. Nat. Commun. 5, 4966 (2014).",{"doi":7470},"10.1038\u002Fncomms5966",{"id":26,"text":7472,"url":26,"identifiers":7473},"Hong, X. et al. Ultrafast charge transfer in atomically thin MoS2\u002FWS2 heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 682–686 (2014).",{"doi":7474},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.167",{"id":26,"text":7476,"url":26,"identifiers":7477},"Rivera, P. et al. Observation of long-lived interlayer excitons in monolayer MoSe2–WSe2 heterostructures. Nat. Commun. 6, 6242 (2015).",{"doi":7478},"10.1038\u002Fncomms7242",{"id":26,"text":7480,"url":26,"identifiers":7481},"Ceballos, F., Bellus, M. Z., Chiu, H.-Y. & Zhao, H. Probing charge transfer excitons in a MoSe2–WS2 van der Waals heterostructure. Nanoscale 7, 17523–17528 (2015).",{"doi":7482},"10.1039\u002FC5NR04723D",{"id":26,"text":7484,"url":26,"identifiers":7485},"Bellus, M. Z., Ceballos, F., Chiu, H.-Y. & Zhao, H. Tightly bound trions in transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. ACS Nano 9, 6459–6464 (2015).",{"doi":7486},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b02144",{"id":26,"text":7488,"url":26,"identifiers":7489},"Cheng, R. et al. Few-layer molybdenum disulfide transistors and circuits for high-speed flexible electronics. Nat. Commun. 5, 5143 (2014). This study reports the highest performance MoS2 transistors with self-aligned geometry and optimized contact to enable an intrinsic cut-off frequency of 42 GHz, and a maximum power-gain frequency of 50 GHz.",{"doi":2376},{"id":26,"text":7491,"url":26,"identifiers":7492},"Allain, A., Kang, J., Banerjee, K. & Kis, A. Electrical contacts to two-dimensional semiconductors. Nat. Mater. 14, 1195–1205 (2015).",{"doi":7493},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4452",{"id":26,"text":7495,"url":26,"identifiers":7496},"Das, S., Chen, H.-Y., Penumatcha, A. V. & Appenzeller, J. High performance multilayer MoS2 transistors with scandium contacts. Nano Lett. 13, 100–105 (2012).",{"doi":7497},"10.1021\u002Fnl303583v",{"id":26,"text":7499,"url":26,"identifiers":7500},"Qu, D., Liu, X., Ahmed, F., Lee, D. & Yoo, W. J. Self-screened high performance multi-layer MoS2 transistor formed by using a bottom graphene electrode. Nanoscale 7, 19273–19281 (2015).",{"doi":7501},"10.1039\u002FC5NR06076A",{"id":26,"text":7503,"url":26,"identifiers":7504},"Roy, T. et al. Field-effect transistors built from all two-dimensional material components. ACS Nano 8, 6259–6264 (2014).",{"doi":7505},"10.1021\u002Fnn501723y",{"id":26,"text":7507,"url":26,"identifiers":7508},"Chuang, H.-J. et al. High mobility WSe2 p-and n-type field-effect transistors contacted by highly doped graphene for low-resistance contacts. Nano Lett. 14, 3594–3601 (2014).",{"doi":7509},"10.1021\u002Fnl501275p",{"id":26,"text":7511,"url":26,"identifiers":7512},"Das, S., Gulotty, R., Sumant, A. V. & Roelofs, A. All two-dimensional, flexible, transparent, and thinnest thin film transistor. Nano Lett. 14, 2861–2866 (2014).",{"doi":7513},"10.1021\u002Fnl5009037",{"id":26,"text":2600,"url":26,"identifiers":7515},{"doi":2602},{"id":26,"text":7517,"url":26,"identifiers":7518},"Yu, L. et al. Graphene\u002FMoS2 hybrid technology for large-scale two-dimensional electronics. Nano Lett. 14, 3055–3063 (2014).",{"doi":7519},"10.1021\u002Fnl404795z",{"id":26,"text":7521,"url":26,"identifiers":7522},"Lee, G.-H. et al. Highly stable, dual-gated MoS2 transistors encapsulated by hexagonal noron nitride with gate-controllable contact, resistance, and threshold Voltage. ACS Nano 9, 7019–7026 (2015).",{"doi":7523},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b01341",{"id":26,"text":7525,"url":26,"identifiers":7526},"Das, S. & Appenzeller, J. Where does the current flow in two-dimensional layered systems? Nano Lett. 13, 3396–3402 (2013).",{"doi":7527},"10.1021\u002Fnl401831u",{"id":26,"text":7529,"url":26,"identifiers":7530},"Das, S. & Appenzeller, J. Screening and interlayer coupling in multilayer MoS2 . Phys. Stat. Sol. 7, 268–273 (2013).",{},{"id":26,"text":7532,"url":26,"identifiers":7533},"Wang, Y. et al. Does p-type ohmic contact exist in WSe2–metal interfaces? Nanoscale 8, 1179–1191 (2016).",{"doi":7534},"10.1039\u002FC5NR06204G",{"id":26,"text":7536,"url":26,"identifiers":7537},"Kang, J., Liu, W. & Banerjee, K. High-performance MoS2 transistors with low-resistance molybdenum contacts. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 093106 (2014).",{"doi":7538},"10.1063\u002F1.4866340",{"id":26,"text":7540,"url":26,"identifiers":7541},"Yang, L. et al. Chloride molecular doping technique on 2D materials: WS2 and MoS2 . Nano Lett. 14, 6275–6280 (2014).",{"doi":7542},"10.1021\u002Fnl502603d",{"id":26,"text":2091,"url":26,"identifiers":7544},{"doi":2093},{"id":26,"text":7546,"url":26,"identifiers":7547},"Kiriya, D., Tosun, M., Zhao, P., Kang, J. S. & Javey, A. Air-stable surface charge transfer doping of MoS2 by benzyl viologen. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 7853–7856 (2014).",{"doi":7548},"10.1021\u002Fja5033327",{"id":26,"text":7550,"url":26,"identifiers":7551},"Leong, W. S. et al. Low resistance metal contacts to MoS2 devices with nickel-etched-graphene electrodes. ACS Nano 9, 869–877 (2014).",{"doi":7552},"10.1021\u002Fnn506567r",{"id":26,"text":7554,"url":26,"identifiers":7555},"Du, Y. et al. Field-effect transistors with graphene\u002Fmetal heterocontacts. IEEE Electron Device Lett. 35, 599–601 (2014).",{"doi":7556},"10.1109\u002FLED.2014.2313340",{"id":26,"text":7558,"url":26,"identifiers":7559},"Jena, D., Banerjee, K. & Xing, G. H. 2D crystal semiconductors: intimate contacts. Nat. Mater. 13, 1076–1078 (2014).",{"doi":7560},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4121",{"id":26,"text":7562,"url":26,"identifiers":7563},"English, C. D., Shine, G., Dorgan, V. E., Saraswat, K. C. & Pop, E. in 72nd Device Research Conference 193–194 (Santa Barbara, 2014).",{"doi":7564},"10.1109\u002FDRC.2014.6872363",{"id":26,"text":7566,"url":26,"identifiers":7567},"Ma, Y., Dai, Y., Guo, M., Niu, C. & Huang, B. Graphene adhesion on MoS2 monolayer: an ab initio study. Nanoscale 3, 3883–3887 (2011).",{"doi":7568},"10.1039\u002Fc1nr10577a",{"id":26,"text":7570,"url":26,"identifiers":7571},"Kang, J., Liu, W., Sarkar, D., Jena, D. & Banerjee, K. Computational study of metal contacts to monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors. Phys. Rev. X 4, 031005 (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":7573,"url":26,"identifiers":7574},"Cho, S. et al. Phase patterning for ohmic homojunction contact in MoTe2 . Science 349, 625–628 (2015).",{"doi":7575},"10.1126\u002Fscience.aab3175",{"id":26,"text":7577,"url":26,"identifiers":7578},"Li, X. et al. Performance potential and limit of MoS2 transistors. Adv. Mater. 27, 1547–1552 (2015).",{"doi":7579},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201405068",{"id":26,"text":7581,"url":26,"identifiers":7582},"Yu, W. J. et al. Vertically stacked multi-heterostructures of layered materials for logic transistors and complementary inverters. Nat. Mater. 12, 246–252 (2013).",{"doi":7583},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3518",{"id":26,"text":7585,"url":26,"identifiers":7586},"Moriya, R. et al. Vertical field effect transistor based on graphene\u002Ftransition metal dichalcogenide van der Waals heterostructure. ECS Trans. 69, 357–363 (2015).",{"doi":7587},"10.1149\u002F06905.0357ecst",{"id":26,"text":7589,"url":26,"identifiers":7590},"Georgiou, T. et al. Vertical field-effect transistor based on graphene–WS2 heterostructures for flexible and transparent electronics. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 100–103 (2013).",{"doi":7591},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2012.224",{"id":26,"text":7593,"url":26,"identifiers":7594},"Moriya, R. et al. Large current modulation in exfoliated-graphene\u002FMoS2\u002Fmetal vertical heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 083119 (2014).",{"doi":7595},"10.1063\u002F1.4894256",{"id":26,"text":7597,"url":26,"identifiers":7598},"Moriya, R. et al. Influence of the density of states of graphene on the transport properties of graphene\u002FMoS2\u002Fmetal vertical field-effect transistors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 223103 (2015).",{"doi":7599},"10.1063\u002F1.4921920",{"id":26,"text":7601,"url":26,"identifiers":7602},"Sata, Y. et al. Electric field modulation of Schottky barrier height in graphene\u002FMoSe2 van der Waals heterointerface. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 023109 (2015).",{"doi":7603},"10.1063\u002F1.4926973",{"id":26,"text":7605,"url":26,"identifiers":7606},"Yang, H. et al. Graphene barristor, a triode device with a gate-controlled Schottky barrier. Science 336, 1140–1143 (2012). This is the first report of a graphene-based vertical thermionic transistor, in which graphene is used as an active contact rather than the channel material.",{"doi":7607},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1220527",{"id":26,"text":7609,"url":26,"identifiers":7610},"Heo, J. et al. Graphene and thin-film semiconductor heterojunction transistors integrated on wafer scale for low-power electronics. Nano Lett. 13, 5967–5971 (2013).",{"doi":7611},"10.1021\u002Fnl403142v",{"id":26,"text":7613,"url":26,"identifiers":7614},"Liu, Y. et al. Highly flexible electronics from scalable vertical thin film transistors. Nano Lett. 14, 1413–1418 (2014). This study demonstrates that the unique concept of graphene-based vertical transistors can enable thin-film electronics with unusual flexibility.",{"doi":7615},"10.1021\u002Fnl404484s",{"id":26,"text":7617,"url":26,"identifiers":7618},"Parui, S. et al. Gate-controlled energy barrier at a graphene\u002Fmolecular semiconductor junction. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 2972–2979 (2015).",{"doi":7619},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201403407",{"id":26,"text":7621,"url":26,"identifiers":7622},"Lemaitre, M. G. et al. Improved transfer of graphene for gated Schottky-junction, vertical, organic, field-effect transistors. ACS Nano 6, 9095–9102 (2012).",{"doi":7623},"10.1021\u002Fnn303848k",{"id":26,"text":7625,"url":26,"identifiers":7626},"Hlaing, H. et al. Low-voltage organic electronics based on a gate-tunable injection barrier in vertical graphene–organic semiconductor heterostructures. Nano Lett. 15, 69–74 (2014).",{"doi":7627},"10.1021\u002Fnl5029599",{"id":26,"text":7629,"url":26,"identifiers":7630},"He, D. et al. Two-dimensional quasi-freestanding molecular crystals for high-performance organic field-effect transistors. Nat. Commun. 5, 5162 (2014).",{"doi":7631},"10.1038\u002Fncomms6162",{"id":26,"text":7633,"url":26,"identifiers":7634},"Liu, Y., Zhou, H., Weiss, N. O., Huang, Y. & Duan, X. High-performance organic vertical thin film transistor using graphene as a tunable contact. ACS Nano 9, 11102–11108 (2015).",{"doi":7635},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b04612",{"id":26,"text":7637,"url":26,"identifiers":7638},"Kim, K. et al. Structural and electrical investigation of C60-graphene vertical heterostructures. ACS Nano 9, 5922–5928 (2015).",{"doi":7639},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b00581",{"id":26,"text":7641,"url":26,"identifiers":7642},"Appenzeller, J., Lin, Y.-M., Knoch, J. & Avouris, P. Band-to-band tunneling in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 196805 (2004).",{"doi":7643},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.93.196805",{"id":26,"text":7645,"url":26,"identifiers":7646},"Luryi, S. Quantum capacitance devices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 501–503 (1988).",{"doi":7647},"10.1063\u002F1.99649",{"id":26,"text":7649,"url":26,"identifiers":7650},"Britnell, L. et al. Field-effect tunneling transistor based on vertical graphene heterostructures. Science 335, 947–950 (2012). This is the first report of a graphene-based vertical tunnelling transistor, based on graphene–BN–graphene vdWHs.",{"doi":7651},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1218461",{"id":26,"text":7653,"url":26,"identifiers":7654},"Britnell, L. et al. Resonant tunnelling and negative differential conductance in graphene transistors. Nat. Commun. 4, 1794 (2013).",{"doi":7655},"10.1038\u002Fncomms2817",{"id":26,"text":7657,"url":26,"identifiers":7658},"Mishchenko, A. et al. Twist-controlled resonant tunnelling in graphene\u002Fboron nitride\u002Fgraphene heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 808–813 (2014).",{"doi":7659},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.187",{"id":26,"text":7661,"url":26,"identifiers":7662},"Greenaway, M. et al. Resonant tunnelling between the chiral Landau states of twisted graphene lattices. Nat. Phys. 11, 1057–1062 (2015).",{"doi":7663},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3507",{"id":26,"text":7665,"url":26,"identifiers":7666},"Liu, Y. et al. High Current density vertical tunneling transistors from graphene\u002Fhighly-doped silicon heterostructures. Adv. Mater. 28, 4120–4125 (2016).",{"doi":7667},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201506173",{"id":26,"text":7669,"url":26,"identifiers":7670},"Sze, S. M. & Ng, K. K. Physics of semiconductor devices (Wiley, 2006).",{"doi":7671},"10.1002\u002F0470068329",{"id":26,"text":7673,"url":26,"identifiers":7674},"Ross, J. S. et al. Electrically tunable excitonic light-emitting diodes based on monolayer WSe2 p–n junctions. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 268–272 (2014).",{"doi":7675},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.26",{"id":26,"text":7677,"url":26,"identifiers":7678},"Pospischil, A., Furchi, M. M. & Mueller, T. Solar-energy conversion and light emission in an atomic monolayer p–n diode. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 257–261 (2014).",{"doi":7679},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.14",{"id":26,"text":7681,"url":26,"identifiers":7682},"Baugher, B. W. H., Churchill, H. O. H., Yang, Y. & Jarillo-Herrero, P. Optoelectronic devices based on electrically tunable p–n diodes in a monolayer dichalcogenide. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 262–267 (2014).",{"doi":7683},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.25",{"id":26,"text":7685,"url":26,"identifiers":7686},"Sarkar, D. et al. A subthermionic tunnel field-effect transistor with an atomically thin channel. Nature 526, 91–95 (2015).",{"doi":7687},"10.1038\u002Fnature15387",{"id":26,"text":7689,"url":26,"identifiers":7690},"Roy, T. et al. Dual-gated MoS2\u002FWSe2 van der Waals tunnel diodes and transistors. ACS Nano 9, 2071–2079 (2015).",{"doi":7691},"10.1021\u002Fnn507278b",{"id":26,"text":7693,"url":26,"identifiers":7694},"Jariwala, D. et al. Gate-tunable carbon nanotube–MoS2 heterojunction pn diode. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110, 18076–18080 (2013).",{"doi":7695},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.1317226110",{"id":26,"text":7697,"url":26,"identifiers":7698},"Chuang, S. et al. Near-ideal electrical properties of InAs\u002FWSe2 van der Waals heterojunction diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 242101 (2013).",{"doi":7699},"10.1063\u002F1.4809815",{"id":26,"text":7701,"url":26,"identifiers":7702},"Furchi, M. M., Pospischil, A., Libisch, F., Burgdörfer, J. & Mueller, T. Photovoltaic effect in an electrically tunable van der Waals heterojunction. Nano Lett. 14, 4785–4791 (2014).",{"doi":7703},"10.1021\u002Fnl501962c",{"id":26,"text":7705,"url":26,"identifiers":7706},"Shim, G. W. et al. Large-area single-layer MoSe2 and its van der Waals heterostructures. ACS Nano 8, 6655–6662 (2014).",{"doi":7707},"10.1021\u002Fnn405685j",{"id":26,"text":7709,"url":26,"identifiers":7710},"Lee, C.-H. et al. Atomically thin p–n junctions with van der Waals heterointerfaces. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 676–681 (2014).",{"doi":7711},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2014.150",{"id":26,"text":7713,"url":26,"identifiers":7714},"Yu, J. H. et al. Vertical heterostructure of two-dimensional MoS2 and WSe2 with vertically aligned layers. Nano Lett. 15, 1031–1035 (2015).",{"doi":7715},"10.1021\u002Fnl503897h",{"id":26,"text":7717,"url":26,"identifiers":7718},"Deng, Y. et al. Black phosphorus–monolayer MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction p–n diode. ACS Nano 8, 8292–8299 (2014).",{"doi":7719},"10.1021\u002Fnn5027388",{"id":26,"text":7721,"url":26,"identifiers":7722},"Cheng, R. et al. Electroluminescence and photocurrent generation from atomically sharp WSe2\u002FMoS2 heterojunction p–n diodes. Nano Lett. 14, 5590–5597 (2014).",{"doi":7723},"10.1021\u002Fnl502075n",{"id":26,"text":7725,"url":26,"identifiers":7726},"Jeon, P. J. et al. Enhanced device performances of WSe2–MoS2 van der Waals junction p–n diode by fluoropolymer encapsulation. J. Mater. Chem. C 3, 2751–2758 (2015).",{"doi":7727},"10.1039\u002FC4TC02961E",{"id":26,"text":7729,"url":26,"identifiers":7730},"Wang, F. et al. Tunable GaTe–MoS2 van der Waals pn junctions with novel optoelectronic performance. Nano Lett. 15, 7558–7566 (2015).",{"doi":7731},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b03291",{"id":26,"text":7733,"url":26,"identifiers":7734},"Liu, F. et al. Van der Waals p–n junction based on an organic–inorganic heterostructure. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 5865–5871 (2015).",{"doi":7735},"10.1002\u002Fadfm.201502316",{"id":26,"text":7737,"url":26,"identifiers":7738},"Jariwala, D. et al. Large-area, low-voltage, antiambipolar heterojunctions from solution-processed semiconductors. Nano Lett. 15, 416–421 (2014).",{"doi":7739},"10.1021\u002Fnl5037484",{"id":26,"text":7741,"url":26,"identifiers":7742},"Lam, K. T., Seol, G. & Guo, J. Operating principles of vertical transistors based on monolayer two-dimensional semiconductor heterojunctions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 013112 (2014).",{"doi":7743},"10.1063\u002F1.4890084",{"id":26,"text":7745,"url":26,"identifiers":7746},"Gan, X. et al. Chip-integrated ultrafast graphene photodetector with high responsivity. Nat. Photonics 7, 883–887 (2013).",{"doi":7747},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2013.253",{"id":26,"text":7749,"url":26,"identifiers":7750},"Pospischil, A. et al. CMOS-compatible graphene photodetector covering all optical communication bands. Nat. Photonics 7, 892–896 (2013).",{"doi":7751},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2013.240",{"id":26,"text":7753,"url":26,"identifiers":7754},"Wang, X., Cheng, Z., Xu, K., Tsang, H. K. & Xu, J.-B. High-responsivity graphene\u002Fsilicon-heterostructure waveguide photodetectors. Nat. Photonics 7, 888–891 (2013).",{"doi":7755},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2013.241",{"id":26,"text":7757,"url":26,"identifiers":7758},"Shiue, R.-J. et al. High-responsivity graphene–boron nitride photodetector and autocorrelator in a silicon photonic integrated circuit. Nano Lett. 15, 7288–7293 (2015).",{"doi":7759},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b02368",{"id":26,"text":7761,"url":26,"identifiers":7762},"Urich, A., Unterrainer, K. & Mueller, T. Intrinsic response time of graphene photodetectors. Nano Lett. 11, 2804–2808 (2011).",{"doi":7763},"10.1021\u002Fnl2011388",{"id":26,"text":7765,"url":26,"identifiers":7766},"Mak, K. F., Ju, L., Wang, F. & Heinz, T. F. Optical spectroscopy of graphene: from the far infrared to the ultraviolet. Solid State Commun. 152, 1341–1349 (2012).",{"doi":7767},"10.1016\u002Fj.ssc.2012.04.064",{"id":26,"text":7769,"url":26,"identifiers":7770},"Bonaccorso, F., Sun, Z., Hasan, T. & Ferrari, A. C. Graphene photonics and optoelectronics. Nat. Photonics 4, 611–622 (2010).",{"doi":7771},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2010.186",{"id":26,"text":7773,"url":26,"identifiers":7774},"Echtermeyer, T. et al. Strong plasmonic enhancement of photovoltage in graphene. Nat. Commun. 2, 458 (2011).",{"doi":7775},"10.1038\u002Fncomms1464",{"id":26,"text":7777,"url":26,"identifiers":7778},"Carvalho, A., Ribeiro, R. M. & Castro Neto, A. H. Band nesting and the optical response of two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 88, 115205 (2013).",{"doi":7779},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.88.115205",{"id":26,"text":7781,"url":26,"identifiers":7782},"Kozawa, D. et al. Photocarrier relaxation pathway in two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Commun. 5, 4543 (2014).",{"doi":7783},"10.1038\u002Fncomms5543",{"id":26,"text":7785,"url":26,"identifiers":7786},"Britnell, L. et al. Strong light-matter interactions in heterostructures of atomically thin films. Science 340, 1311–1314 (2013).",{"doi":7787},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1235547",{"id":26,"text":7789,"url":26,"identifiers":7790},"Yu, W. J et al. Highly efficient gate-tunable photocurrent generation in vertical heterostructures of layered materials. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 952–958 (2013).",{"doi":7791},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2013.219",{"id":26,"text":7793,"url":26,"identifiers":7794},"Massicotte, M. et al. Picosecond photoresponse in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 42–46 (2016).",{"doi":7795},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.227",{"id":26,"text":7797,"url":26,"identifiers":7798},"Lopez-Sanchez, O. et al. Light generation and harvesting in a van der Waals heterostructure. ACS Nano 8, 3042–3048 (2014).",{"doi":7799},"10.1021\u002Fnn500480u",{"id":26,"text":7801,"url":26,"identifiers":7802},"Yamakoshi, S., Sanada, T., Wada, O., Umebu, I. & Sakurai, T. Direct observation of electron leakage in InGaAsP\u002FInP double heterostructure. Appl. Phys. Lett. 40, 144–146 (1982).",{"doi":7803},"10.1063\u002F1.93017",{"id":26,"text":7805,"url":26,"identifiers":7806},"Withers, F. et al. WSe2 light-emitting tunneling transistors with enhanced brightness at room temperature. Nano Lett. 15, 8223–8228 (2015).",{"doi":7807},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b03740",{"id":26,"text":7809,"url":26,"identifiers":7810},"Li, D. et al. Electric-field-induced strong enhancement of electroluminescence in multilayer molybdenum disulfide. Nat. Commun. 6, 7509 (2015).",{"doi":7811},"10.1038\u002Fncomms8509",{"id":26,"text":7813,"url":26,"identifiers":7814},"Liu, F. et al. High-sensitivity photodetectors based on multilayer GaTe flakes. ACS Nano 8, 752–760 (2014).",{"doi":7815},"10.1021\u002Fnn4054039",{"id":26,"text":7817,"url":26,"identifiers":7818},"Julien, C., Chevy, A. & Siapkas, D. Optical properties of In2Se3 phases. Phys. Status Solidi A 118, 553–559 (1990).",{"doi":7819},"10.1002\u002Fpssa.2211180228",{"id":7821,"createTime":7822,"updateTime":7822,"relativeEntities":7823,"slug":7824,"properties":7825,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":7836,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":7837,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":7838,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":7839,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":7989,"citationCount":8019,"citationInfo":8020,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":8028,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"c1a421b6-0877-4185-94e8-3330b84f36b0","2024-09-19T08:59:29.387+00:00",[],"Valleytronics-in-2D-materials",{"mag":7826,"keywords":7828,"openalex":7829,"abstract":7831,"title":7832,"doi":7834},{"VOID":7827},"2508920067",{},{"VOID":7830},"W2508920067",{},{"EN":7833},"Valleytronics in 2D materials",{"VOID":7835},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2016.55","2024-09-19T08:59:29.386+00:00",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats201655",[7840,7862,7884,7906,7923,7938,7955,7972],{"id":7841,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":7842,"affiliations":7843,"properties":7855},"84df27cc-2232-4750-aeed-0646dcce0e63",[],[7844],{"id":7845,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7846,"properties":26},"d6344d8a-f24e-41bb-8dd6-aa9e35215831",{"id":7847,"createTime":7848,"updateTime":7849,"relativeEntities":7850,"slug":7851,"properties":7852,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"eb683ff7-72fb-44dc-a857-288877e5a1d7","2024-04-19T06:32:04.975+00:00","2024-10-03T11:07:48.182+00:00",[],"Department-of-Physics-and-Center-of-Theoretical-and-Computational-Physics-University-of-Hong-Kong-Hong-Kong-China",{"title":7853},{"EN":7854},"Department of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",{"openalex":7856,"orcid":7858,"title":7860},{"VOID":7857},"A5046930835",{"VOID":7859},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4121-3294",{"EN":7861},"Hongyi Yu",{"id":7863,"sortIndex":114,"researcher":26,"roles":7864,"affiliations":7865,"properties":7877},"444a0724-8b25-4112-ab1e-3709463580d0",[],[7866],{"id":7867,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7868,"properties":26},"431940d4-3e89-452b-98ae-2ada159c862b",{"id":7869,"createTime":7870,"updateTime":7871,"relativeEntities":7872,"slug":7873,"properties":7874,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"5383ad72-5b9d-4a84-8869-4f2f525ad776","2024-09-19T08:58:47.813+00:00","2024-10-03T11:07:48.147+00:00",[],"Department-of-Materials-Science-and-Engineering-University-of-Washington-Seattle-98195-Washington-USA",{"title":7875},{"EN":7876},"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, Washington, USA",{"openalex":7878,"orcid":7880,"title":7882},{"VOID":7879},"A5018498065",{"VOID":7881},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-6525-6291",{"EN":7883},"Genevieve Clark",{"id":7885,"sortIndex":59,"researcher":26,"roles":7886,"affiliations":7887,"properties":7899},"78c6655f-3920-438a-b2b3-0fad1de7e0c0",[],[7888],{"id":7889,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7890,"properties":26},"2fe897e8-b2ed-458f-b75d-bbff93cf9ce0",{"id":7891,"createTime":7892,"updateTime":7893,"relativeEntities":7894,"slug":7895,"properties":7896,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"b5b27485-7a6b-4413-b90f-ea0c9709067d","2024-09-19T08:57:39.024+00:00","2024-10-03T11:07:48.123+00:00",[],"Department-of-Physics-University-of-Washington-Seattle-98195-Washington-USA",{"title":7897},{"EN":7898},"Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, Washington, USA",{"openalex":7900,"orcid":7902,"title":7904},{"VOID":7901},"A5000029305",{"VOID":7903},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-5909-1686",{"EN":7905},"Pasqual Rivera",{"id":7907,"sortIndex":158,"researcher":26,"roles":7908,"affiliations":7909,"properties":7916},"a9495b44-ee3a-4c12-a0a6-2c8924df54c0",[],[7910],{"id":7911,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7912,"properties":26},"cfd9907a-33fe-4d46-99e8-1a53f3443cc7",{"id":7869,"createTime":7870,"updateTime":7871,"relativeEntities":7913,"slug":7873,"properties":7914,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":7915},{"EN":7876},{"openalex":7917,"orcid":7919,"title":7921},{"VOID":7918},"A5004224533",{"VOID":7920},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-0348-2095",{"EN":7922},"Xiaodong Xu",{"id":7924,"sortIndex":111,"researcher":26,"roles":7925,"affiliations":7926,"properties":7933},"14f8dc4b-ac28-43a2-a1e3-9ad9172eb67a",[],[7927],{"id":7928,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7929,"properties":26},"d66ebfb1-1c43-456b-a132-ec1800feb74d",{"id":7869,"createTime":7870,"updateTime":7871,"relativeEntities":7930,"slug":7873,"properties":7931,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":7932},{"EN":7876},{"openalex":7934,"title":7936},{"VOID":7935},"A5102261640",{"EN":7937},"Jason Ross",{"id":7939,"sortIndex":135,"researcher":26,"roles":7940,"affiliations":7941,"properties":7948},"74e59972-8b37-4e50-9748-8a4a4ba46c55",[],[7942],{"id":7943,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7944,"properties":26},"506f3cb7-2f51-4248-b357-0406319ab728",{"id":7847,"createTime":7848,"updateTime":7849,"relativeEntities":7945,"slug":7851,"properties":7946,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":7947},{"EN":7854},{"openalex":7949,"orcid":7951,"title":7953},{"VOID":7950},"A5042709292",{"VOID":7952},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2883-4528",{"EN":7954},"Wang Yao",{"id":7956,"sortIndex":162,"researcher":26,"roles":7957,"affiliations":7958,"properties":7965},"560b9346-2f18-4eea-b01f-ef0680bdb0be",[],[7959],{"id":7960,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7961,"properties":26},"e215e214-5e42-4716-8a30-a337d2b274e7",{"id":7891,"createTime":7892,"updateTime":7893,"relativeEntities":7962,"slug":7895,"properties":7963,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":7964},{"EN":7898},{"openalex":7966,"orcid":7968,"title":7970},{"VOID":7967},"A5007072994",{"VOID":7969},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-1553-4518",{"EN":7971},"Kyle L. Seyler",{"id":7973,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":7974,"affiliations":7975,"properties":7982},"1d95d634-464f-4ad5-bcd7-4e2ee1b960b1",[],[7976],{"id":7977,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":7978,"properties":26},"52f5d2e1-a86f-4122-9f6a-025bff7cae63",{"id":7891,"createTime":7892,"updateTime":7893,"relativeEntities":7979,"slug":7895,"properties":7980,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":7981},{"EN":7898},{"openalex":7983,"orcid":7985,"title":7987},{"VOID":7984},"A5066838571",{"VOID":7986},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-8024-9193",{"EN":7988},"John Schaibley",{"url":26,"publisher":7990,"properties":8015},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":7991,"slug":663,"properties":7992,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":7998,"manageAffiliations":7999,"indexDatabases":8000,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":7993,"issn":7994,"introduce":7995,"eissn":7996,"title":7997},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[8001,8008],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":8002,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":8007,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":8003,"label":8004,"description":8005,"key":772,"publicationTags":8006,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":8009,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":8014,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":8010,"label":8011,"description":8012,"key":748,"publicationTags":8013,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":8016,"issue":8017},{"VOID":2720},{"VOID":8018},"11",2017,{"total":8019,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":8021},{"2016":114,"2017":8022,"2018":617,"2019":8023,"2020":8024,"2021":8025,"2022":8025,"2023":8026,"2024":8027},75,217,299,331,362,202,[8029,8033,8037,8041,8045,8049,8053,8057,8061,8065,8069,8073,8077,8081,8085,8088,8090,8094,8098,8102,8106,8110,8112,8116,8120,8124,8128,8132,8135,8139,8141,8145,8149,8153,8157,8161,8165,8169,8173,8177,8181,8183,8187,8189,8193,8197,8201,8205,8209,8213,8217,8221,8225,8227,8231,8235,8237,8241,8245,8249,8253,8257,8261,8265,8269,8273,8277,8281,8285,8289,8293,8297,8301,8305,8309,8313,8317,8320,8323,8327,8331,8335,8339,8343,8347,8351,8355,8359,8363,8367,8371,8375,8379,8383,8385,8389,8393,8395,8399,8403,8407,8411,8415,8419,8423,8427,8431,8433,8436,8438,8440,8442,8444,8446,8450,8452,8456,8458,8462,8464,8468,8472,8476,8480,8484,8488,8492,8496,8500,8504,8508,8512,8516,8520,8524,8528,8532,8536,8539,8542,8544,8548,8552,8555,8559,8563,8567,8571,8575,8579,8581,8585,8589,8593,8595,8597,8599,8601,8605,8607,8611,8615,8619,8623,8627,8631,8635,8639,8643,8647,8651,8655,8659,8662,8666,8670],{"id":26,"text":8030,"url":26,"identifiers":8031},"Rycerz, A., Tworzydło, J. & Beenakker, C. W. J. Valley filter and valley valve in graphene. Nat. Phys. 3, 172–175 (2007). This theoretical work reports that graphene structures can show valley-dependent transport effects.",{"doi":8032},"10.1038\u002Fnphys547",{"id":26,"text":8034,"url":26,"identifiers":8035},"Shkolnikov, Y., De Poortere, E., Tutuc, E. & Shayegan, M. Valley splitting of AlAs two-dimensional electrons in a perpendicular magnetic field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 226805 (2002).",{"doi":8036},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.89.226805",{"id":26,"text":8038,"url":26,"identifiers":8039},"Gunawan, O. et al. Valley susceptibility of an interacting two-dimensional electron system. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 186404 (2006).",{"doi":8040},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.97.186404",{"id":26,"text":8042,"url":26,"identifiers":8043},"Thompson, S. E. et al. A 90-nm logic technology featuring strained-silicon. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 51, 1790–1797 (2004).",{"doi":8044},"10.1109\u002FTED.2004.836648",{"id":26,"text":8046,"url":26,"identifiers":8047},"Sham, L., Allen Jr, S., Kamgar, A. & Tsui, D. Valley–valley splitting in inversion layers on a high-index surface of silicon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 472 (1978).",{"doi":8048},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.40.472",{"id":26,"text":8050,"url":26,"identifiers":8051},"Ohkawa, J. F. & Uemura, Y. Theory of valley splitting in an N-channel (100) inversion layer of Si I. Formulation by extended zone effective mass theory. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 43, 907–916 (1977).",{"doi":8052},"10.1143\u002FJPSJ.43.907",{"id":26,"text":8054,"url":26,"identifiers":8055},"Isberg, J. et al. Generation, transport and detection of valley-polarized electrons in diamond. Nat. Mater. 12, 760–764 (2013).",{"doi":8056},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3694",{"id":26,"text":8058,"url":26,"identifiers":8059},"Zhu, Z., Collaudin, A., Fauqué, B., Kang, W. & Behnia, K. Field-induced polarization of Dirac valleys in bismuth. Nat. Phys. 8, 89–94 (2012).",{"doi":8060},"10.1038\u002Fnphys2111",{"id":26,"text":8062,"url":26,"identifiers":8063},"Koiller, B., Hu, X. & Das Sarma, S. Exchange in silicon-based quantum computer architecture. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 027903 (2001).",{"doi":8064},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.88.027903",{"id":26,"text":8066,"url":26,"identifiers":8067},"Goswami, S. et al. Controllable valley splitting in silicon quantum devices. Nat. Phys. 3, 41–45 (2007).",{"doi":8068},"10.1038\u002Fnphys475",{"id":26,"text":8070,"url":26,"identifiers":8071},"Yang, C. H. et al. Spin-valley lifetimes in a silicon quantum dot with tunable valley splitting. Nat. Commun. 4 2069 (2013).",{"doi":8072},"10.1038\u002Fncomms3069",{"id":26,"text":8074,"url":26,"identifiers":8075},"Salfi, J. et al. Spatially resolving valley quantum interference of a donor in silicon. Nat. Mater. 13, 605–610 (2014).",{"doi":8076},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3941",{"id":26,"text":8078,"url":26,"identifiers":8079},"Yao, W., Xiao, D. & Niu, Q. Valley-dependent optoelectronics from inversion symmetry breaking. Phys. Rev. B 77, 235406 (2008).",{"doi":8080},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.77.235406",{"id":26,"text":8082,"url":26,"identifiers":8083},"Xiao, D., Yao, W. & Niu, Q. Valley-contrasting physics in graphene: magnetic moment and topological transport. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 236809 (2007). This theoretical work reports that graphene with broken inversion symmetry can show various valley-dependent phenomena.",{"doi":8084},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.99.236809",{"id":26,"text":8086,"url":26,"identifiers":8087},"Xiao, D., Liu, G.-B., Feng, W., Xu, X. & Yao, W. Coupled spin and valley physics in monolayers of MoS2 and other group-VI dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 196802 (2012). This theoretical work reports that monolayer TMDs with broken inversion symmetry can show various valley-dependent effects, including a valley-dependent optical selection rule.",{"doi":1826},{"id":26,"text":1805,"url":26,"identifiers":8089},{"doi":1807},{"id":26,"text":8091,"url":26,"identifiers":8092},"Gong, Z. et al. Magnetoelectric effects and valley-controlled spin quantum gates in transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers. Nat. Commun. 4, 2053 (2013).",{"doi":8093},"10.1038\u002Fncomms3053",{"id":26,"text":8095,"url":26,"identifiers":8096},"Jones, A. M. et al. Spin-layer locking effects in optical orientation of exciton spin in bilayer WSe2 . Nat. Phys. 10, 130–134 (2014).",{"doi":8097},"10.1038\u002Fnphys2848",{"id":26,"text":8099,"url":26,"identifiers":8100},"Liu, G.-B., Xiao, D., Yao, Y., Xu, X. & Yao, W. Electronic structures and theoretical modelling of two-dimensional group-VIB transition metal dichalcogenides. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 2643–2663 (2015).",{"doi":8101},"10.1039\u002FC4CS00301B",{"id":26,"text":8103,"url":26,"identifiers":8104},"Mak, K. F., He, K. L., Shan, J. & Heinz, T. F. Control of valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 by optical helicity. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 494–498 (2012). This work and references 21–23 are the first to show that the valley physics of monolayer TMDs is evident by performing helicity-dependent photoluminescence measurements, a consequence of the valley-dependent optical selection rule.",{"doi":8105},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2012.96",{"id":26,"text":8107,"url":26,"identifiers":8108},"Cao, T. et al. Valley-selective circular dichroism of monolayer molybdenum disulphide. Nat. Commun. 3, 887 (2012).",{"doi":8109},"10.1038\u002Fncomms1882",{"id":26,"text":7277,"url":26,"identifiers":8111},{"doi":7279},{"id":26,"text":8113,"url":26,"identifiers":8114},"Jones, A. M. et al. Optical generation of excitonic valley coherence in monolayer WSe2 . Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 634–638 (2013).",{"doi":8115},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2013.151",{"id":26,"text":8117,"url":26,"identifiers":8118},"Wolf, S. et al. Spintronics: a spin-based electronics vision for the future. Science 294, 1488–1495 (2001).",{"doi":8119},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1065389",{"id":26,"text":8121,"url":26,"identifiers":8122},"Gorbachev, R. et al. Detecting topological currents in graphene superlattices. Science 346, 448–451 (2014). The first experimental report of valley Hall effect in graphene with broken inversion symmetry, using an electronic transport measurement.",{"doi":8123},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1254966",{"id":26,"text":8125,"url":26,"identifiers":8126},"Sui, M. et al. Gate-tunable topological valley transport in bilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 11, 1027–1031 (2015).",{"doi":8127},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3485",{"id":26,"text":8129,"url":26,"identifiers":8130},"Shimazaki, Y. et al. Generation and detection of pure valley current by electrically induced Berry curvature in bilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 11, 1032–1036 (2015).",{"doi":8131},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3551",{"id":26,"text":8133,"url":26,"identifiers":8134},"Mak, K. F., McGill, K. L., Park, J. & McEuen, P. L. The valley Hall effect in MoS2 transistors. Science 344, 1489–1492 (2014). The first experimental report of the valley hall effect in a monolayer TMD using optical injection.",{"doi":7275},{"id":26,"text":8136,"url":26,"identifiers":8137},"Lee, J., Mak, K. F. & Shan, J. Electrical control of the valley Hall effect in bilayer MoS2 transistors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 421–425 (2016).",{"doi":8138},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.337",{"id":26,"text":7440,"url":26,"identifiers":8140},{"doi":7442},{"id":26,"text":8142,"url":26,"identifiers":8143},"Hunt, B. et al. Massive Dirac fermions and Hofstadter butterfly in a van der Waals heterostructure. Science 340, 1427–1430 (2013).",{"doi":8144},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1237240",{"id":26,"text":8146,"url":26,"identifiers":8147},"Kato, Y., Myers, R., Gossard, A. & Awschalom, D. Observation of the spin Hall effect in semiconductors. Science 306, 1910–1913 (2004).",{"doi":8148},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1105514",{"id":26,"text":8150,"url":26,"identifiers":8151},"Wu, S. et al. Electrical tuning of valley magnetic moment through symmetry control in bilayer MoS2 . Nat. Phys. 9, 149–153 (2013).",{"doi":8152},"10.1038\u002Fnphys2524",{"id":26,"text":8154,"url":26,"identifiers":8155},"Yu, H., Cui, X., Xu, X. & Yao, W. Valley excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors. Natl Sci. Rev. 2, 57–70 (2015).",{"doi":8156},"10.1093\u002Fnsr\u002Fnwu078",{"id":26,"text":8158,"url":26,"identifiers":8159},"Chernikov, A. et al. Exciton binding energy and nonhydrogenic Rydberg series in monolayer WS2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 076802 (2014).",{"doi":8160},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.113.076802",{"id":26,"text":8162,"url":26,"identifiers":8163},"Ye, Z. et al. Probing excitonic dark states in single-layer tungsten disulphide. Nature 513, 214–218 (2014).",{"doi":8164},"10.1038\u002Fnature13734",{"id":26,"text":8166,"url":26,"identifiers":8167},"Zhu, B., Chen, X. & Cui, X. Exciton binding energy of monolayer WS2 . Sci. Rep. 5, 9218 (2015).",{"doi":8168},"10.1038\u002Fsrep09218",{"id":26,"text":8170,"url":26,"identifiers":8171},"He, K. et al. Tightly bound excitons in monolayer WSe2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 026803 (2014).",{"doi":8172},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.113.026803",{"id":26,"text":8174,"url":26,"identifiers":8175},"Wang, G. et al. Giant enhancement of the optical second-harmonic emission of WSe2 monolayers by laser excitation at exciton resonances. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 097403 (2015).",{"doi":8176},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.114.097403",{"id":26,"text":8178,"url":26,"identifiers":8179},"Zhang, C., Johnson, A., Hsu, C.-L., Li, L.-J. & Shih, C.-K. Direct imaging of band profile in single layer MoS2 on graphite: quasiparticle energy gap, metallic edge states, and edge band bending. Nano Lett. 14, 2443–2447 (2014).",{"doi":8180},"10.1021\u002Fnl501133c",{"id":26,"text":2127,"url":26,"identifiers":8182},{"doi":2129},{"id":26,"text":8184,"url":26,"identifiers":8185},"Qiu, D. Y., Felipe, H. & Louie, S. G. Optical spectrum of MoS2: many-body effects and diversity of exciton states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 216805 (2013).",{"doi":8186},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.111.216805",{"id":26,"text":2474,"url":26,"identifiers":8188},{"doi":2476},{"id":26,"text":8190,"url":26,"identifiers":8191},"Berkelbach, T. C., Hybertsen, M. S. & Reichman, D. R. Theory of neutral and charged excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 88, 045318 (2013).",{"doi":8192},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.88.045318",{"id":26,"text":8194,"url":26,"identifiers":8195},"Zhang, C., Wang, H., Chan, W., Manolatou, C. & Rana, F. Absorption of light by excitons and trions in monolayers of metal dichalcogenide MoS2: experiments and theory. Phys. Rev. B 89, 205436 (2014).",{"doi":8196},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.89.205436",{"id":26,"text":8198,"url":26,"identifiers":8199},"Steinhoff, A., Rö sner, M., Jahnke, F., Wehling, T. O. & Gies, C. Influence of excited carriers on the optical and electronic properties of MoS2 . Nano Lett. 14, 3743–3748 (2014).",{"doi":8200},"10.1021\u002Fnl500595u",{"id":26,"text":8202,"url":26,"identifiers":8203},"Sie, E. J., Frenzel, A. J., Lee, Y.-H., Kong, J. & Gedik, N. Intervalley biexcitons and many-body effects in monolayer MoS2 . Phys. Rev. B 92, 125417 (2015).",{"doi":8204},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.92.125417",{"id":26,"text":8206,"url":26,"identifiers":8207},"You, Y. et al. Observation of biexcitons in monolayer WSe2 . Nat. Phys. 11, 477–481 (2015).",{"doi":8208},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3324",{"id":26,"text":8210,"url":26,"identifiers":8211},"Mai, C. et al. Many-body effects in valleytronics: direct measurement of valley lifetimes in single-layer MoS2 . Nano Lett. 14, 202–206 (2013).",{"doi":8212},"10.1021\u002Fnl403742j",{"id":26,"text":8214,"url":26,"identifiers":8215},"Shang, J. et al. Observation of excitonic fine structure in a 2D transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductor. ACS Nano 9, 647–655 (2015).",{"doi":8216},"10.1021\u002Fnn5059908",{"id":26,"text":8218,"url":26,"identifiers":8219},"Chernikov, A., Ruppert, C., Hill, H. M., Rigosi, A. F. & Heinz, T. F. Population inversion and giant bandgap renormalization in atomically thin WS2 layers. Nat. Photonics 9, 466–470 (2015).",{"doi":8220},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2015.104",{"id":26,"text":8222,"url":26,"identifiers":8223},"Carvalho, B. R., Malard, L. M., Alves, J. M., Fantini, C. & Pimenta, M. A. Symmetry-dependent exciton-phonon coupling in 2D and bulk MoS2 observed by resonance raman scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 136403 (2015).",{"doi":8224},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.114.136403",{"id":26,"text":2291,"url":26,"identifiers":8226},{"doi":2293},{"id":26,"text":8228,"url":26,"identifiers":8229},"Jones, A. M. et al. Excitonic luminescence upconversion in a two-dimensional semiconductor. Nat. Phys. 12, 323–327 (2015).",{"doi":8230},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3604",{"id":26,"text":8232,"url":26,"identifiers":8233},"Yu, H., Liu, G.-B., Gong, P., Xu, X. & Yao, W. Dirac cones and Dirac saddle points of bright excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Commun. 5, 3876 (2014).",{"doi":8234},"10.1038\u002Fncomms4876",{"id":26,"text":1774,"url":26,"identifiers":8236},{"doi":1776},{"id":26,"text":8238,"url":26,"identifiers":8239},"Miller, D. A. B. et al. Electric field dependence of optical absorption near the band gap of quantum-well structures. Phys. Rev. B 32, 1043–1060 (1985).",{"doi":8240},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.32.1043",{"id":26,"text":8242,"url":26,"identifiers":8243},"Dufferwiel, S. et al. Exciton–polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures embedded in tunable microcavities. Nat. Commun. 6 8579 (2015).",{"doi":8244},"10.1038\u002Fncomms9579",{"id":26,"text":8246,"url":26,"identifiers":8247},"Liu, X. et al. Strong light–matter coupling in two-dimensional atomic crystals. Nat. Photonics 9, 30–34 (2015).",{"doi":8248},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2014.304",{"id":26,"text":8250,"url":26,"identifiers":8251},"Palummo, M., Bernardi, M. & Grossman, J. C. Exciton radiative lifetimes in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Nano Lett. 15, 2794–2800 (2015).",{"doi":8252},"10.1021\u002Fnl503799t",{"id":26,"text":8254,"url":26,"identifiers":8255},"Korn, T., Heydrich, S., Hirmer, M., Schmutzler, J. & Schüller, C. Low-temperature photocarrier dynamics in monolayer MoS2 . Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 102109 (2011).",{"doi":8256},"10.1063\u002F1.3636402",{"id":26,"text":8258,"url":26,"identifiers":8259},"Moody, G. et al. Intrinsic homogeneous linewidth and broadening mechanisms of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Commun. 6 8315 (2015).",{"doi":8260},"10.1038\u002Fncomms9315",{"id":26,"text":8262,"url":26,"identifiers":8263},"Amani, M. et al. Near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield in MoS2 . Science 350, 1065–1068 (2015).",{"doi":8264},"10.1126\u002Fscience.aad2114",{"id":26,"text":8266,"url":26,"identifiers":8267},"Kumar, N. et al. Exciton–exciton annihilation in MoSe2 monolayers. Phys. Rev. B 89, 125427 (2014).",{"doi":8268},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.89.125427",{"id":26,"text":8270,"url":26,"identifiers":8271},"Sun, D. et al. Observation of rapid exciton–exciton annihilation in monolayer molybdenum disulfide. Nano Lett. 14, 5625–5629 (2014).",{"doi":8272},"10.1021\u002Fnl5021975",{"id":26,"text":8274,"url":26,"identifiers":8275},"Mouri, S. et al. Nonlinear photoluminescence in atomically thin layered WSe2 arising from diffusion-assisted exciton–exciton annihilation. Phys. Rev. B 90, 155449 (2014).",{"doi":8276},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.90.155449",{"id":26,"text":8278,"url":26,"identifiers":8279},"Wang, H. et al. Fast exciton annihilation by capture of electrons or holes by defects via Auger scattering in monolayer metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 91, 165411 (2015).",{"doi":8280},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.91.165411",{"id":26,"text":8282,"url":26,"identifiers":8283},"Schaibley, J. R. et al. Population pulsation resonances of excitons in monolayer MoSe2 with sub-1 μeV linewidths. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 137402 (2015).",{"doi":8284},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.114.137402",{"id":26,"text":8286,"url":26,"identifiers":8287},"Zhang, X.-X., You, Y., Zhao, S. Y. F. & Heinz, T. F. Experimental evidence for dark excitons in monolayer WSe2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 257403 (2015).",{"doi":8288},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.115.257403",{"id":26,"text":8290,"url":26,"identifiers":8291},"Hsu, W.-T. et al. Optically initialized robust valley-polarized holes in monolayer WSe2 . Nat. Commun. 6, 8963 (2015).",{"doi":8292},"10.1038\u002Fncomms9963",{"id":26,"text":8294,"url":26,"identifiers":8295},"Yang, L. et al. Long-lived nanosecond spin relaxation and spin coherence of electrons in monolayer MoS2 and WS2 . Nat. Phys. 11, 830–834 (2015).",{"doi":8296},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3419",{"id":26,"text":8298,"url":26,"identifiers":8299},"Maialle, M. Z., de Andrada e Silva, E. A. & Sham, L. J. Exciton spin dynamics in quantum wells. Phys. Rev. B 47, 15776–15788 (1993).",{"doi":8300},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.47.15776",{"id":26,"text":8302,"url":26,"identifiers":8303},"Wang, G. et al. Valley dynamics probed through charged and neutral exciton emission in monolayer WSe2 . Phys. Rev. B 90, 075413 (2014).",{"doi":8304},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.90.075413",{"id":26,"text":8306,"url":26,"identifiers":8307},"Wang, Q. et al. Valley carrier dynamics in monolayer molybdenum disulfide from helicity-resolved ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy. ACS Nano 7, 11087–11093 (2013).",{"doi":8308},"10.1021\u002Fnn405419h",{"id":26,"text":8310,"url":26,"identifiers":8311},"Dal Conte, S. et al. Ultrafast valley relaxation dynamics in monolayer MoS2 probed by nonequilibrium optical techniques. Phys. Rev. B 92, 235425 (2015).",{"doi":8312},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.92.235425",{"id":26,"text":8314,"url":26,"identifiers":8315},"Zhu, C. et al. Exciton valley dynamics probed by Kerr rotation in WSe2 monolayers. Phys. Rev. B 90, 161302 (2014).",{"doi":8316},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.90.161302",{"id":26,"text":8318,"url":26,"identifiers":8319},"Yan, T., Qiao, X., Tan, P. & Zhang, X. Exciton valley dynamics in monolayer WSe2 probed by ultrafast Kerr rotation. Preprint at http:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1507.04599 (2015).",{},{"id":26,"text":8321,"url":26,"identifiers":8322},"Plechinger, G., Nagler, P. & Korn, T. Time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy of valley dynamics in single-layer MoS2. Preprint at https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1404.7674 (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":8324,"url":26,"identifiers":8325},"Lagarde, D. et al. Carrier and polarization dynamics in monolayer MoS2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 047401 (2014).",{"doi":8326},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.112.047401",{"id":26,"text":8328,"url":26,"identifiers":8329},"Yu, T. & Wu, M. W. Valley depolarization due to intervalley and intravalley electron–hole exchange interactions in monolayer MoS2 . Phys. Rev. B 89, 205303 (2014).",{"doi":8330},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.89.205303",{"id":26,"text":8332,"url":26,"identifiers":8333},"Glazov, M. M. et al. Exciton fine structure and spin decoherence in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 89, 201302 (2014).",{"doi":8334},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.89.201302",{"id":26,"text":8336,"url":26,"identifiers":8337},"Rivera, P. et al. Valley-polarized exciton dynamics in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure. Science 351, 688–691 (2016). Recent experimental report of interlayer valley-dependent effects in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure.",{"doi":8338},"10.1126\u002Fscience.aac7820",{"id":26,"text":8340,"url":26,"identifiers":8341},"Srivastava, A. et al. Valley Zeeman effect in elementary optical excitations of monolayer WSe2 . Nat. Phys. 11, 141–147 (2015).",{"doi":8342},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3203",{"id":26,"text":8344,"url":26,"identifiers":8345},"Rostami, H. & Asgari, R. Valley Zeeman effect and spin-valley polarized conductance in monolayer MoS2 in a perpendicular magnetic field. Phys. Rev. B 91, 075433 (2015).",{"doi":8346},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.91.075433",{"id":26,"text":8348,"url":26,"identifiers":8349},"Aivazian, G. et al. Magnetic control of valley pseudospin in monolayer WSe2 . Nat. Phys. 11, 148–152 (2015).",{"doi":8350},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3201",{"id":26,"text":8352,"url":26,"identifiers":8353},"Stier, A. V., McCreary, K. M., Jonker, B. T., Kono, J. & Crooker, S. A. Exciton diamagnetic shifts and valley Zeeman effects in monolayer WS2 and MoS2 to 65 Tesla. Nat. Commun. 7, 10643 (2015).",{"doi":8354},"10.1038\u002Fncomms10643",{"id":26,"text":8356,"url":26,"identifiers":8357},"MacNeill, D. et al. Breaking of valley degeneracy by magnetic field in monolayer MoSe2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 037401 (2015).",{"doi":8358},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.114.037401",{"id":26,"text":8360,"url":26,"identifiers":8361},"Mitioglu, A. et al. Optical investigation of monolayer and bulk tungsten diselenide (WSe2) in high magnetic fields. Nano Lett. 15, 4387–4392 (2015).",{"doi":8362},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b00626",{"id":26,"text":8364,"url":26,"identifiers":8365},"Wang, G. et al. Magneto-optics in transition metal diselenide monolayers. 2D Mater. 2, 034002 (2015).",{"doi":8366},"10.1088\u002F2053-1583\u002F2\u002F3\u002F034002",{"id":26,"text":8368,"url":26,"identifiers":8369},"Li, Y. et al. Valley splitting and polarization by the Zeeman effect in monolayer MoSe2 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 266804 (2014).",{"doi":8370},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.113.266804",{"id":26,"text":8372,"url":26,"identifiers":8373},"Qi, J., Li, X., Niu, Q. & Feng, J. Giant and tunable valley degeneracy splitting in MoTe2 . Phys. Rev. B 92, 121403 (2015).",{"doi":8374},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.92.121403",{"id":26,"text":8376,"url":26,"identifiers":8377},"Sie, E. J. et al. Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2 . Nat. Mater. 14, 290–294 (2015).",{"doi":8378},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4156",{"id":26,"text":8380,"url":26,"identifiers":8381},"Kim, J. et al. Ultrafast generation of pseudo-magnetic field for valley excitons in WSe2 monolayers. Science 346, 1205–1208 (2014).",{"doi":8382},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1258122",{"id":26,"text":928,"url":26,"identifiers":8384},{"doi":930},{"id":26,"text":8386,"url":26,"identifiers":8387},"Ponomarenko, L. A. et al. Cloning of Dirac fermions in graphene superlattices. Nature 497, 594–597 (2013).",{"doi":8388},"10.1038\u002Fnature12187",{"id":26,"text":8390,"url":26,"identifiers":8391},"Dean, C. R. et al. Hofstadter's butterfly and the fractal quantum Hall effect in moire superlattices. Nature 497, 598–602 (2013).",{"doi":8392},"10.1038\u002Fnature12186",{"id":26,"text":7657,"url":26,"identifiers":8394},{"doi":7659},{"id":26,"text":8396,"url":26,"identifiers":8397},"Lane, T. L., Wallbank, J. R. & Fal'ko, V. I. Twist-controlled resonant tunnelling between monolayer and bilayer graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 203506 (2015).",{"doi":8398},"10.1063\u002F1.4935988",{"id":26,"text":8400,"url":26,"identifiers":8401},"Terrones, H., López-Urías, F. & Terrones, M. Novel hetero-layered materials with tunable direct band gaps by sandwiching different metal disulfides and diselenides. Sci. Rep. 3, 1549 (2013).",{"doi":8402},"10.1038\u002Fsrep01549",{"id":26,"text":8404,"url":26,"identifiers":8405},"Kang, J., Tongay, S., Zhou, J., Li, J. & Wu, J. Band offsets and heterostructures of two-dimensional semiconductors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 012111 (2013).",{"doi":8406},"10.1063\u002F1.4774090",{"id":26,"text":8408,"url":26,"identifiers":8409},"Kos´mider, K. & Fernández-Rossier, J. Electronic properties of the MoS2–WS2 heterojunction. Phys. Rev. B 87, 075451 (2013).",{"doi":8410},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.075451",{"id":26,"text":8412,"url":26,"identifiers":8413},"Komsa, H.-P. & Krasheninnikov, A. V. Electronic structures and optical properties of realistic transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures from first principles. Phys. Rev. B 88 085318 (2013).",{"doi":8414},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.88.085318",{"id":26,"text":8416,"url":26,"identifiers":8417},"Chiu, M.-H. et al. Determination of band alignment in the single-layer MoS2\u002FWSe2 heterojunction. Nat. Commun. 6, 7666 (2015).",{"doi":8418},"10.1038\u002Fncomms8666",{"id":26,"text":8420,"url":26,"identifiers":8421},"Amin, B. Singh, N. & Schwingenschlögl, U. Heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 92 075439 (2015).",{"doi":8422},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.92.075439",{"id":26,"text":8424,"url":26,"identifiers":8425},"Constantinescu, G. C. & Hine, N. D. M. Energy landscape and band-structure tuning in realistic MoS2\u002FMoSe2 heterostructures. Phys. Rev. B 91 195416 (2015).",{"doi":8426},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.91.195416",{"id":26,"text":8428,"url":26,"identifiers":8429},"Kang, J., Li, J., Li, S. S., Xia, J. B. & Wang, L. W. Electronic structural Moire pattern effects on MoS2\u002FMoSe2 2D heterostructures. Nano Lett. 13, 5485–5490 (2013).",{"doi":8430},"10.1021\u002Fnl4030648",{"id":26,"text":7476,"url":26,"identifiers":8432},{"doi":7478},{"id":26,"text":8434,"url":26,"identifiers":8435},"Fang, H. et al. Strong interlayer coupling in van der Waals heterostructures built from single-layer chalcogenides. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 6198–6202 (2014).",{"doi":7466},{"id":26,"text":7456,"url":26,"identifiers":8437},{"doi":7458},{"id":26,"text":7709,"url":26,"identifiers":8439},{"doi":7711},{"id":26,"text":7701,"url":26,"identifiers":8441},{"doi":7703},{"id":26,"text":7721,"url":26,"identifiers":8443},{"doi":7723},{"id":26,"text":7472,"url":26,"identifiers":8445},{"doi":7474},{"id":26,"text":8447,"url":26,"identifiers":8448},"Ceballos, F., Bellus, M. Z., Chiu, H.-Y. & Zhao, H. Ultrafast charge separation and indirect exciton formation in a MoS2–MoSe2 van der Waals heterostructure. ACS Nano 8, 12717–12724 (2014).",{"doi":8449},"10.1021\u002Fnn505736z",{"id":26,"text":2279,"url":26,"identifiers":8451},{"doi":2281},{"id":26,"text":8453,"url":26,"identifiers":8454},"Tongay, S. et al. Tuning interlayer coupling in large-area heterostructures with CVD-grown MoS2 and WS2 monolayers. Nano Lett. 14, 3185–3190 (2014).",{"doi":8455},"10.1021\u002Fnl500515q",{"id":26,"text":7484,"url":26,"identifiers":8457},{"doi":7486},{"id":26,"text":8459,"url":26,"identifiers":8460},"Heo, H. et al. Interlayer orientation-dependent light absorption and emission in monolayer semiconductor stacks. Nat. Commun. 6 7372 (2015).",{"doi":8461},"10.1038\u002Fncomms8372",{"id":26,"text":7480,"url":26,"identifiers":8463},{"doi":7482},{"id":26,"text":8465,"url":26,"identifiers":8466},"Fogler, M., Butov, L. & Novoselov, K. High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat. Commun. 5, 4555 (2014).",{"doi":8467},"10.1038\u002Fncomms5555",{"id":26,"text":8469,"url":26,"identifiers":8470},"Eisenstein, J. P. & MacDonald, A. H. Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons in bilayer electron systems. Nature 432, 691–694 (2004).",{"doi":8471},"10.1038\u002Fnature03081",{"id":26,"text":8473,"url":26,"identifiers":8474},"High, A. A., Novitskaya, E. E., Butov, L. V., Hanson, M. & Gossard, A. C. Control of exciton fluxes in an excitonic integrated circuit. Science 321, 229–231 (2008).",{"doi":8475},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1157845",{"id":26,"text":8477,"url":26,"identifiers":8478},"High, A. A. et al. Spontaneous coherence in a cold exciton gas. Nature 483, 584–588 (2012).",{"doi":8479},"10.1038\u002Fnature10903",{"id":26,"text":8481,"url":26,"identifiers":8482},"Yu, H., Wang, Y., Tong, Q., Xu, X. & Yao, W. Anomalous light cones and valley optical selection rules of interlayer excitons in twisted heterobilayers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 187002 (2015).",{"doi":8483},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.115.187002",{"id":26,"text":8485,"url":26,"identifiers":8486},"Li, Y.-M. et al. Light-induced exciton spin Hall effect in van der Waals heterostructures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 166804 (2015).",{"doi":8487},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.115.166804",{"id":26,"text":8489,"url":26,"identifiers":8490},"Liu, G.-B., Pang, H., Yao, Y. & Yao, W. Intervalley coupling by quantum dot confinement potentials in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. New J. Phys. 16, 105011 (2014).",{"doi":8491},"10.1088\u002F1367-2630\u002F16\u002F10\u002F105011",{"id":26,"text":8493,"url":26,"identifiers":8494},"Srivastava, A. et al. Optically active quantum dots in monolayer WSe2 . Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 491–496 (2015).",{"doi":8495},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.60",{"id":26,"text":8497,"url":26,"identifiers":8498},"Koperski, M. et al. Single photon emitters in exfoliated WSe2 structures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 503–506 (2015).",{"doi":8499},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.67",{"id":26,"text":8501,"url":26,"identifiers":8502},"Chakraborty, C., Kinnischtzke, L., Goodfellow, K. M., Beams, R. & Vamivakas, N. A. Voltage-controlled quantum light from an atomically thin semiconductor. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 507–511 (2015).",{"doi":8503},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.79",{"id":26,"text":8505,"url":26,"identifiers":8506},"He, Y.-M. et al. Single quantum emitters in monolayer semiconductors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 497–502 (2015).",{"doi":8507},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.75",{"id":26,"text":8509,"url":26,"identifiers":8510},"Kumar, S., Kaczmarczyk, A. & Gerardot, B. D. Strain-induced spatial and spectral isolation of quantum emitters in mono-and bilayer WSe2 . Nano Lett. 15, 7567–7573 (2015).",{"doi":8511},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b03312",{"id":26,"text":8513,"url":26,"identifiers":8514},"Tonndorf, P. et al. Single-photon emission from localized excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor. Optica 2, 347–352 (2015).",{"doi":8515},"10.1364\u002FOPTICA.2.000347",{"id":26,"text":8517,"url":26,"identifiers":8518},"Gammon, D., Snow, E. S., Shanabrook, B. V., Katzer, D. S. & Park, D. Fine structure splitting in the optical spectra of single GaAs quantum dots. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3005–3008 (1996).",{"doi":8519},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.76.3005",{"id":26,"text":8521,"url":26,"identifiers":8522},"Enyashin, A. N., Bar-sadan, M., Houben, L. & Seifert, G. Line defects in molybdenum disulfide layers. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 10842–10848 (2013).",{"doi":8523},"10.1021\u002Fjp403976d",{"id":26,"text":8525,"url":26,"identifiers":8526},"Lin, J., Pantelides, S. T. & Zhou, W. Vacancy-induced formation and growth of inversion domains in transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayer. ACS Nano 9, 5189–5197 (2015).",{"doi":8527},"10.1021\u002Facsnano.5b00554",{"id":26,"text":8529,"url":26,"identifiers":8530},"Zhou, W. et al. Intrinsic structural defects in monolayer molybdenum disulfide. Nano Lett. 13, 2615–2622 (2013).",{"doi":8531},"10.1021\u002Fnl4007479",{"id":26,"text":8533,"url":26,"identifiers":8534},"Najmaei, S., Yuan, J., Zhang, J., Ajayan, P. & Lou, J. Synthesis and defect investigation of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide atomic layers. Acc. Chem. Res. 48, 31–40 (2015).",{"doi":8535},"10.1021\u002Far500291j",{"id":26,"text":8537,"url":26,"identifiers":8538},"Najmaei, S. et al. Vapour phase growth and grain boundary structure of molybdenum disulphide atomic layers. Nat. Mater. 12, 754–759 (2013).",{"doi":2165},{"id":26,"text":8540,"url":26,"identifiers":8541},"Zhang, Y. et al. Controlled growth of high quality monolayer WS2 layers on sapphire and imaging its grain boundary. ACS Nano 7, 8963–8971 (2013).",{"doi":2233},{"id":26,"text":2167,"url":26,"identifiers":8543},{"doi":2169},{"id":26,"text":8545,"url":26,"identifiers":8546},"Komsa, H. P. et al. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides under electron irradiation: defect production and doping. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 035503 (2012).",{"doi":8547},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.109.035503",{"id":26,"text":8549,"url":26,"identifiers":8550},"Tongay, S. et al. Defects activated photoluminescence in two-dimensional semiconductors: interplay between bound, charged, and free excitons. Sci. Rep. 3, 2657–2657 (2013).",{"doi":8551},"10.1038\u002Fsrep02657",{"id":26,"text":8553,"url":26,"identifiers":8554},"Komsa, H. P., Kurasch, S., Lehtinen, O., Kaiser, U. & Krasheninnikov, A. V. From point to extended defects in two-dimensional MoS2: evolution of atomic structure under electron irradiation. Phys. Rev. B 88, 1–8 (2013).",{},{"id":26,"text":8556,"url":26,"identifiers":8557},"Komsa, H.-p. et al. Three-fold rotational defects in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Commun. 6, 6736 (2015).",{"doi":8558},"10.1038\u002Fncomms7736",{"id":26,"text":8560,"url":26,"identifiers":8561},"Yin, Z. et al. Single-layer MoS2 phototransistors. ACS Nano 6, 74–80 (2012).",{"doi":8562},"10.1021\u002Fnn2024557",{"id":26,"text":8564,"url":26,"identifiers":8565},"Lee, H. S. et al. MoS2 nanosheet phototransistors with thickness-modulated optical energy gap. Nano Lett. 12, 3695–3700 (2012).",{"doi":8566},"10.1021\u002Fnl301485q",{"id":26,"text":8568,"url":26,"identifiers":8569},"Choi, W. et al. High-detectivity multilayer MoS2 phototransistors with spectral response from ultraviolet to infrared. Adv. Mat. 24, 5832–5836 (2012).",{"doi":8570},"10.1002\u002Fadma.201201909",{"id":26,"text":8572,"url":26,"identifiers":8573},"Lopez-Sanchez, O., Lembke, D., Kayci, M., Radenovic, A. & Kis, A. Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS2 . Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 497–501 (2013).",{"doi":8574},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2013.100",{"id":26,"text":8576,"url":26,"identifiers":8577},"Bernardi, M., Palummo, M. & Grossman, J. C. Extraordinary sunlight absorption and one nanometer thick photovoltaics using two-dimensional monolayer materials. Nano Lett. 13, 3664–3670 (2013).",{"doi":8578},"10.1021\u002Fnl401544y",{"id":26,"text":7785,"url":26,"identifiers":8580},{"doi":7787},{"id":26,"text":8582,"url":26,"identifiers":8583},"Tsai, M.-L. et al. Monolayer MoS2 heterojunction solar cells. ACS Nano 8, 8317–8322 (2014).",{"doi":8584},"10.1021\u002Fnn502776h",{"id":26,"text":8586,"url":26,"identifiers":8587},"Sundaram, R. S. et al. Electroluminescence in single layer MoS2 . Nano Lett. 13, 1416–1421 (2013).",{"doi":8588},"10.1021\u002Fnl400516a",{"id":26,"text":8590,"url":26,"identifiers":8591},"Ye, Y. et al. Exciton-dominant electroluminescence from a diode of monolayer MoS2 . Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 193508–193508 (2014).",{"doi":8592},"10.1063\u002F1.4875959",{"id":26,"text":7797,"url":26,"identifiers":8594},{"doi":7799},{"id":26,"text":7673,"url":26,"identifiers":8596},{"doi":7675},{"id":26,"text":7677,"url":26,"identifiers":8598},{"doi":7679},{"id":26,"text":7681,"url":26,"identifiers":8600},{"doi":7683},{"id":26,"text":8602,"url":26,"identifiers":8603},"Ross, J. S. et al. Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductor. Nat. Commun. 4, 1484 (2013).",{"doi":8604},"10.1038\u002Fncomms2498",{"id":26,"text":7208,"url":26,"identifiers":8606},{"doi":7210},{"id":26,"text":8608,"url":26,"identifiers":8609},"Wu, S. et al. Monolayer semiconductor nanocavity lasers with ultralow thresholds. Nature 520, 69–72 (2015).",{"doi":8610},"10.1038\u002Fnature14290",{"id":26,"text":8612,"url":26,"identifiers":8613},"Ye, Y. et al. Monolayer excitonic laser. Nat. Photonics 9, 733–737 (2015).",{"doi":8614},"10.1038\u002Fnphoton.2015.197",{"id":26,"text":8616,"url":26,"identifiers":8617},"Yang, W. et al. Electrically tunable valley-light emitting diode (vLED) based on CVD-grown monolayer WS2 . Nano Lett. 16, 1560–1567 (2016).",{"doi":8618},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b04066",{"id":26,"text":8620,"url":26,"identifiers":8621},"Kormányos, A. et al. Monolayer MoS2: trigonal warping, the Γ valley, and spin-orbit coupling effects. Phys. Rev. B 88, 045416 (2013).",{"doi":8622},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.88.045416",{"id":26,"text":8624,"url":26,"identifiers":8625},"Liu, G.-B., Shan, W.-Y., Yao, Y., Yao, W. & Xiao, D. Three-band tight-binding model for monolayers of group-VIB transition metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 88, 085433 (2013).",{"doi":8626},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.88.085433",{"id":26,"text":8628,"url":26,"identifiers":8629},"Kormányos, A. et al. k·p theory for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors. 2D Mater. 2, 022001 (2015).",{"doi":8630},"10.1088\u002F2053-1583\u002F2\u002F2\u002F022001",{"id":26,"text":8632,"url":26,"identifiers":8633},"Yu, H., Wu, Y., Liu, G.-B., Xu, X. & Yao, W. Nonlinear valley and spin currents from Fermi pocket anisotropy in 2D crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 156603 (2014).",{"doi":8634},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.113.156603",{"id":26,"text":8636,"url":26,"identifiers":8637},"Zhang, Y. J., Oka, T., Suzuki, R., Ye, J. T. & Iwasa, Y. Electrically switchable chiral light-emitting transistor. Science 344, 725–728 (2014).",{"doi":8638},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1251329",{"id":26,"text":8640,"url":26,"identifiers":8641},"Onga, M., Zhang, Y., Suzuki, R. & Iwasa, Y. High circular polarization in electroluminescence from MoSe2 . Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 073107 (2016).",{"doi":8642},"10.1063\u002F1.4942367",{"id":26,"text":8644,"url":26,"identifiers":8645},"Eginligil, M. et al. Dichroic spin-valley photocurrent in monolayer molybdenum disulphide. Nat. Commun. 6, 7636 (2015).",{"doi":8646},"10.1038\u002Fncomms8636",{"id":26,"text":8648,"url":26,"identifiers":8649},"Seyler, K. L. et al. Electrical control of second-harmonic generation in a WSe2 monolayer transistor. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 407–411 (2015).",{"doi":8650},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.73",{"id":26,"text":8652,"url":26,"identifiers":8653},"Xiao, J. et al. Nonlinear optical selection rule based on valley-exciton locking in monolayer WS2 . Light Sci. Appl. 4, e366 (2015).",{"doi":8654},"10.1038\u002Flsa.2015.139",{"id":26,"text":8656,"url":26,"identifiers":8657},"Muniz, R. A. & Sipe, J. E. All-optical injection of charge, spin, and valley currents in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B 91, 085404 (2015).",{"doi":8658},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.91.085404",{"id":26,"text":8660,"url":26,"identifiers":8661},"Wang, L. et al. One-dimensional electrical contact to a two-dimensional material. Science 342, 614–617 (2013).",{"doi":7407},{"id":26,"text":8663,"url":26,"identifiers":8664},"Xiao, D., Chang, M.-C. & Niu, Q. Berry phase effects on electronic properties. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1959–2007 (2010).",{"doi":8665},"10.1103\u002FRevModPhys.82.1959",{"id":26,"text":8667,"url":26,"identifiers":8668},"Mak, K. F. et al. Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2 . Nat. Mater. 12, 207–211 (2012).",{"doi":8669},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3505",{"id":26,"text":8671,"url":26,"identifiers":8672},"Mitioglu, A. A. et al. Optical manipulation of the exciton charge state in single-layer tungsten disulfide. Phys. Rev. B 88, 245403 (2013).",{"doi":8673},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.88.245403",{"id":8675,"createTime":8676,"updateTime":8676,"relativeEntities":8677,"slug":8678,"properties":8679,"entityType":801,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":8676,"verifyNote":802,"syncStatus":28,"languages":8690,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":8691,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":8692,"publicationType":861,"publisherRelationship":8749,"citationCount":8779,"citationInfo":8780,"publishDate":26,"publishYear":26,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":8786,"isForceReanalyzing":1609},"54806da7-1394-413b-8892-52041e0667e7","2024-09-24T05:05:02.951+00:00",[],"Magnetic-skyrmions-advances-in-physics-and-potential-applications",{"mag":8680,"keywords":8682,"openalex":8683,"abstract":8685,"title":8686,"doi":8688},{"VOID":8681},"3103699933",{},{"VOID":8684},"W3103699933",{},{"EN":8687},"Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications",{"VOID":8689},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2017.31",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fnatrevmats201731",[8693,8715,8732],{"id":8694,"sortIndex":114,"researcher":26,"roles":8695,"affiliations":8696,"properties":8708},"54d0a054-ec2d-4926-8794-948e41611a31",[],[8697],{"id":8698,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":8699,"properties":26},"a8f7e647-bd10-4343-a6d9-c7504e7bfc16",{"id":8700,"createTime":8701,"updateTime":8702,"relativeEntities":8703,"slug":8704,"properties":8705,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"abd84715-e733-49a3-a878-bdfa0e6dc94a","2024-09-24T05:04:26.525+00:00","2024-09-24T05:06:31.885+00:00",[],"Laboratoire-Albert-Fert-ex-UMPhy-Unit%C3%A9-mixte-de-physique-CNRS-Thales-",{"title":8706},{"EN":8707},"Laboratoire Albert Fert (ex-UMPhy Unité mixte de physique CNRS\u002FThales)",{"openalex":8709,"orcid":8711,"title":8713},{"VOID":8710},"A5038274179",{"VOID":8712},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-0272-3651",{"EN":8714},"Vincent Cros",{"id":8716,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":8717,"affiliations":8718,"properties":8725},"416eb364-0dc6-408d-a297-291e36ccb8d9",[],[8719],{"id":8720,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":8721,"properties":26},"dadbc056-3854-4c4d-91cf-681e5eca08a1",{"id":8700,"createTime":8701,"updateTime":8702,"relativeEntities":8722,"slug":8704,"properties":8723,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":8724},{"EN":8707},{"openalex":8726,"orcid":8728,"title":8730},{"VOID":8727},"A5055262951",{"VOID":8729},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-0670-8539",{"EN":8731},"A. Fert",{"id":8733,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":8734,"affiliations":8735,"properties":8742},"e3c98198-ee52-4230-8f27-9124546052dc",[],[8736],{"id":8737,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":8738,"properties":26},"164c9ae9-58f4-4cf9-addf-677b38c60630",{"id":8700,"createTime":8701,"updateTime":8702,"relativeEntities":8739,"slug":8704,"properties":8740,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},[],{"title":8741},{"EN":8707},{"openalex":8743,"orcid":8745,"title":8747},{"VOID":8744},"A5079959712",{"VOID":8746},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-7745-7282",{"EN":8748},"Nicolas Reyren",{"url":26,"publisher":8750,"properties":8775},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":8751,"slug":663,"properties":8752,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":8758,"manageAffiliations":8759,"indexDatabases":8760,"url":780,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":26,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":8753,"issn":8754,"introduce":8755,"eissn":8756,"title":8757},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":668},{"EN":673},[],[],[8761,8768],{"id":761,"indexDatabase":8762,"url":776,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":8767,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":763,"createTime":764,"updateTime":765,"relativeEntities":8763,"label":8764,"description":8765,"key":772,"publicationTags":8766,"standard":26},[],{"EN":768,"VI":768},{"VI":770,"EN":771},[774,775],[778,779],{"id":738,"indexDatabase":8769,"url":751,"indexYears":752,"academicFieldIds":8774,"indexDatabaseRanking":759},{"id":740,"createTime":741,"updateTime":742,"relativeEntities":8770,"label":8771,"description":8772,"key":748,"publicationTags":8773,"standard":26},[],{"EN":745,"VI":745},{"EN":745,"VI":747},[750],[754,755,756,757,758],{"volume":8776,"issue":8777},{"VOID":890},{"VOID":8778},"7",1732,{"total":8779,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":8781},{"2017":356,"2018":8782,"2019":8783,"2020":8784,"2021":41,"2022":8785,"2023":621,"2024":150},125,173,263,302,[8787,8791,8795,8799,8803,8807,8811,8815,8819,8823,8827,8831,8835,8839,8842,8846,8850,8854,8858,8862,8866,8869,8873,8877,8881,8885,8889,8893,8897,8901,8905,8909,8912,8916,8920,8924,8928,8932,8936,8940,8944,8948,8952,8956,8960,8964,8968,8972,8976,8979,8983,8987,8991,8995,8999,9003,9007,9011,9015,9019,9023,9027,9031,9035,9039,9042,9046,9050,9054,9058,9062,9066,9070,9074,9078,9082,9086,9090,9094,9098,9102,9106,9110,9114,9118,9122,9126,9130,9134,9138,9141,9145,9149,9153,9156,9160],{"id":26,"text":8788,"url":26,"identifiers":8789},"Dzyaloshinskii, I. A thermodynamic theory of ‘weak’ ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 4, 241–255 (1958).",{"doi":8790},"10.1016\u002F0022-3697(58)90076-3",{"id":26,"text":8792,"url":26,"identifiers":8793},"Moriya, T. Anisotropic superexchange interaction and weak ferromagnetism. Phys. Rev. 120, 91–98 (1960).",{"doi":8794},"10.1103\u002FPhysRev.120.91",{"id":26,"text":8796,"url":26,"identifiers":8797},"Bogdanov, A. N. & Röβler, U. K. Chiral symmetry breaking in magnetic thin films and multilayers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 037203 (2001). First theoretical prediction and description of magnetic skyrmions in thin films.",{"doi":8798},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.87.037203",{"id":26,"text":8800,"url":26,"identifiers":8801},"Röβler, U. K., Bogdanov, A. N. & Pfleiderer, C. Spontaneous skyrmion ground states in magnetic materials. Nature 442, 797–801 (2006).",{"doi":8802},"10.1038\u002Fnature05056",{"id":26,"text":8804,"url":26,"identifiers":8805},"Fert, A., Cros, V. & Sampaio, J. Skyrmions on the track. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 152–156 (2013).",{"doi":8806},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2013.29",{"id":26,"text":8808,"url":26,"identifiers":8809},"Nagaosa, N. & Tokura, Y. Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 899–911 (2013).",{"doi":8810},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2013.243",{"id":26,"text":8812,"url":26,"identifiers":8813},"Rohart, S., Miltat, J. & Thiaville, A. Path to collapse for an isolated Néel skyrmion. Phys. Rev. B 93, 214412 (2016).",{"doi":8814},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.93.214412",{"id":26,"text":8816,"url":26,"identifiers":8817},"Mühlbauer, S. et al. Skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet. Science 323, 915–919 (2009).",{"doi":8818},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1166767",{"id":26,"text":8820,"url":26,"identifiers":8821},"Yu, X.-Z. et al. Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal. Nature 465, 901–904 (2010).",{"doi":8822},"10.1038\u002Fnature09124",{"id":26,"text":8824,"url":26,"identifiers":8825},"Heinze, S. et al. Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions. Nat. Phys. 7, 713–718 (2011). First observation of skyrmions in thin magnetic films.",{"doi":8826},"10.1038\u002Fnphys2045",{"id":26,"text":8828,"url":26,"identifiers":8829},"Romming, N. et al. Writing and deleting single magnetic skyrmions. Science 341, 636–639 (2013).",{"doi":8830},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1240573",{"id":26,"text":8832,"url":26,"identifiers":8833},"Yang, H., Thiaville, A., Rohart, S., Fert, A. & Chshiev, M. Anatomy of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction at Co\u002FPt interfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 267210 (2015).",{"doi":8834},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.115.267210",{"id":26,"text":8836,"url":26,"identifiers":8837},"Fert, A. & Levy, P. M. Role of anisotropic exchange interactions in determining the properties of spin-glasses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1538–1541 (1980).",{"doi":8838},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.44.1538",{"id":26,"text":8840,"url":26,"identifiers":8841},"Fert, A. Magnetic and transport properties of metallic multilayers. Mater. Sci. Forum 59–60, 439–480 (1990).",{},{"id":26,"text":8843,"url":26,"identifiers":8844},"Kubetzka, A., Bode, M., Pietzch, O. & Wiesendanger, R. Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope with antiferromagnetic probe tips. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 057201 (2002).",{"doi":8845},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.88.057201",{"id":26,"text":8847,"url":26,"identifiers":8848},"Bode, M. et al. Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry. Nature 447, 190–193 (2007).",{"doi":8849},"10.1038\u002Fnature05802",{"id":26,"text":8851,"url":26,"identifiers":8852},"Heide, M., Bihlmayer, G. & Blügel, S. Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction accounting for the orientation of magnetic domains in ultrathin films: Fe\u002FW(110). Phys. Rev. B 78, 140403 (2008).",{"doi":8853},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.78.140403",{"id":26,"text":8855,"url":26,"identifiers":8856},"Dupé, B., Hoffmann, M., Paillard, C. & Heinze, S. Tailoring magnetic skyrmions in ultra-thin transition metal films. Nat. Commun. 5, 4030 (2014).",{"doi":8857},"10.1038\u002Fncomms5030",{"id":26,"text":8859,"url":26,"identifiers":8860},"Belabbes, A., Bihlmayer, G., Bechstedt, F., Blügel, S. & Manchon, A. Hund's rule-driven Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction at 3d–5d interfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 247202 (2016).",{"doi":8861},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.117.247202",{"id":26,"text":8863,"url":26,"identifiers":8864},"Boulle, O. et al. Room-temperature chiral magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin magnetic nanostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 449–454 (2016).",{"doi":8865},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.315",{"id":26,"text":8867,"url":26,"identifiers":8868},"Yang, H. Boulle, O., Cros, V., Fert, A. & Chshiev, M. Controlling Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction via chirality dependent layer stacking, insulator capping and electric field. Preprint at arXivhttps:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1603.01847 (2016).",{},{"id":26,"text":8870,"url":26,"identifiers":8871},"Belabbes, A. et al. Oxygen-enabled control of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in ultra-thin magnetic films. Sci. Rep. 6, 24634 (2016).",{"doi":8872},"10.1038\u002Fsrep24634",{"id":26,"text":8874,"url":26,"identifiers":8875},"Di, K. et al. Direct observation of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in a Pt\u002FCo\u002FNi film. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 047201 (2015).",{"doi":8876},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.114.047201",{"id":26,"text":8878,"url":26,"identifiers":8879},"Belmeguenai, M. et al. Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in perpendicularly magnetized Pt\u002FCo\u002FAlOx ultrathin films measured by Brillouin light spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 91, 180405 (2015).",{"doi":8880},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.91.180405",{"id":26,"text":8882,"url":26,"identifiers":8883},"Nembach, H. T., Shaw, J. M., Weiler, M., Jué, E. & Silva, T. J. Linear relation between Heisenberg exchange and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in metal films. Nat. Phys. 11, 825–829 (2015).",{"doi":8884},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3418",{"id":26,"text":8886,"url":26,"identifiers":8887},"Hrabec, A. et al. Measuring and tailoring the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in perpendicularly magnetized thin films. Phys. Rev. B 90, 020402(R) (2014).",{"doi":8888},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.90.020402",{"id":26,"text":8890,"url":26,"identifiers":8891},"Lavrijsen, M. et al. Asymmetric magnetic bubble expansion under in-plane field in Pt\u002FCo\u002FPt: effect of interface engineering. Phys. Rev. B 91, 104414 (2015).",{"doi":8892},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.91.104414",{"id":26,"text":8894,"url":26,"identifiers":8895},"Pizzini, S. et al. Chirality-induced asymmetric magnetic nucleation in Pt\u002FCo\u002FAlOx ultrathin microstructures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 047203 (2014).",{"doi":8896},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.113.047203",{"id":26,"text":8898,"url":26,"identifiers":8899},"Soucaille, R. et al. Probing the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in CoFeB ultrathin films using domain wall creep and Brillouin light spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 94, 104431 (2016).",{"doi":8900},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.94.104431",{"id":26,"text":8902,"url":26,"identifiers":8903},"Cho, J. et al. Thickness dependence of the interfacial broken systems. Nat. Commun. 6, 7635 (2015).",{"doi":8904},"10.1038\u002Fncomms8635",{"id":26,"text":8906,"url":26,"identifiers":8907},"Moreau-Luchaire, C. et al. Additive interfacial chiral interaction in multilayers for stabilization of small individual skyrmions at room temperature. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 444–448 (2016).",{"doi":8908},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.313",{"id":26,"text":8910,"url":26,"identifiers":8911},"Soumyanarayanan, A. et al. Tunable room temperature magnetic skyrmions in Ir\u002FFe\u002FCo\u002FPt multilayers. Preprint at arXivhttps:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1606.06034 (2016).",{},{"id":26,"text":8913,"url":26,"identifiers":8914},"Woo, S. et al. Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets. Nat. Mater. 15, 501–506 (2016).",{"doi":8915},"10.1038\u002Fnmat4593",{"id":26,"text":8917,"url":26,"identifiers":8918},"Yu, G. et al. Room-temperature creation and spin–orbit torque manipulation of skyrmions in thin films with engineered asymmetry. Nano Lett. 16, 1981–1988 (2016).",{"doi":8919},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b05257",{"id":26,"text":8921,"url":26,"identifiers":8922},"Legrand, W. et al. Room-temperature current-induced generation and motion of sub-100 nm skyrmions. Nano Lett. 17, 2703–2712 (2017).",{"doi":8923},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.7b00649",{"id":26,"text":8925,"url":26,"identifiers":8926},"Jiang, W. et al. Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles. Science 349, 283–286 (2015). First report on the creation of skyrmions (skyrmionic bubbles) by current.",{"doi":8927},"10.1126\u002Fscience.aaa1442",{"id":26,"text":8929,"url":26,"identifiers":8930},"Chen, G., Mascaraque, A., N’Diaye, A. T. & Schmid, A. K. Room temperature skyrmion ground state stabilized through interlayer exchange coupling. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 242404 (2015).",{"doi":8931},"10.1063\u002F1.4922726",{"id":26,"text":8933,"url":26,"identifiers":8934},"Gilbert, D. A. et al. Realization of ground-state artificial skyrmion lattices at room temperature. Nat. Commun. 6, 8462 (2015).",{"doi":8935},"10.1038\u002Fncomms9462",{"id":26,"text":8937,"url":26,"identifiers":8938},"Nandy, A. K., Kiselev, N. & Blügel, S. Interlayer exchange coupling: a general scheme turning chiral magnets into magnetic multilayers carrying atomic-scale skyrmions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 177202 (2016).",{"doi":8939},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.116.177202",{"id":26,"text":8941,"url":26,"identifiers":8942},"Jonietz, F. et al. Spin transfer torques in MnSi at ultralow current densities. Science 330, 1648–1651 (2010). First demonstration of the interaction between skyrmions and currents.",{"doi":8943},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1195709",{"id":26,"text":8945,"url":26,"identifiers":8946},"Yu, X. Z. et al. Skyrmion flow near room temperature in an ultralow current density. Nat. Commun. 3, 988 (2012).",{"doi":8947},"10.1038\u002Fncomms1990",{"id":26,"text":8949,"url":26,"identifiers":8950},"Sampaio, J., Cros, V., Rohart, S., Thiaville, A. & Fert, A. Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 839–844 (2013).",{"doi":8951},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2013.210",{"id":26,"text":8953,"url":26,"identifiers":8954},"Iwasaki, J., Mochizuki, M. & Nagaosa, N. Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in constricted geometries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 742–747 (2013).",{"doi":8955},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2013.176",{"id":26,"text":8957,"url":26,"identifiers":8958},"Schulz, T. et al. Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet. Nat. Phys. 8, 301–304 (2012).",{"doi":8959},"10.1038\u002Fnphys2231",{"id":26,"text":8961,"url":26,"identifiers":8962},"Evenschor-Sitte, K., Garst, M., Duine, R. A. & Rosch, A. Current-induced rotational torques in the skyrmion lattice phase of chiral magnets. Phys. Rev. B 84, 064401 (2011).",{"doi":8963},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.84.064401",{"id":26,"text":8965,"url":26,"identifiers":8966},"Thiele, A. Steady-state motion of magnetic domains. Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 230–233 (1973).",{"doi":8967},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.30.230",{"id":26,"text":8969,"url":26,"identifiers":8970},"Tomasello, R. et al. A strategy for the design of skyrmion racetrack memories. Sci. Rep. 4, 6784 (2014).",{"doi":8971},"10.1038\u002Fsrep06784",{"id":26,"text":8973,"url":26,"identifiers":8974},"Jiang, W. et al. Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect. Nat. Phys. 13, 162–169 (2016).",{"doi":8975},"10.1038\u002Fnphys3883",{"id":26,"text":8977,"url":26,"identifiers":8978},"Hrabec, A. et al. Current-induced skyrmion generation and dynamics in symmetric bilayers. Preprint at arXivhttps:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1611.00647 (2016).",{},{"id":26,"text":8980,"url":26,"identifiers":8981},"Iwasaki, J., Mochizuki, M. & Nagaosa, N. Universal current–velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets. Nat. Commun. 4, 1463 (2013).",{"doi":8982},"10.1038\u002Fncomms2442",{"id":26,"text":8984,"url":26,"identifiers":8985},"Litzius, K. et al. Skyrmion Hall effect revealed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy. Nat. Phys. 13, 170–175 (2017).",{"doi":8986},"10.1038\u002Fnphys4000",{"id":26,"text":8988,"url":26,"identifiers":8989},"Reichhardt, C. & Olson Reichhardt, C. J. Noise fluctuations and drive dependence of the skyrmion Hall effect in disordered systems. New J. Phys. 18, 095005 (2016).",{"doi":8990},"10.1088\u002F1367-2630\u002F18\u002F9\u002F095005",{"id":26,"text":8992,"url":26,"identifiers":8993},"Schütte, C., Iwasaki, J., Rosch, A. & Nagaosa, N. Inertia, diffusion, and dynamics of a driven skyrmion. Phys. Rev. B 90, 174434 (2014).",{"doi":8994},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.90.174434",{"id":26,"text":8996,"url":26,"identifiers":8997},"Zhang, X., Zhou, Y. & Ezawa, M. Antiferromagnetic skyrmion: stability, creation and manipulation. Sci. Rep. 6, 24795 (2016).",{"doi":8998},"10.1038\u002Fsrep24795",{"id":26,"text":9000,"url":26,"identifiers":9001},"Jin, C., Song, C., Wang, J. & Liu, Q. Dynamics of antiferromagntic skyrmion driven by spin Hall effect. Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 182404 (2016).",{"doi":9002},"10.1063\u002F1.4967006",{"id":26,"text":9004,"url":26,"identifiers":9005},"Barker, J. & Tretiakov, O. A. Static and dynamical properties of antiferromagnetic skyrmions in the presence of applied current and temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett, 116, 147203 (2016).",{"doi":9006},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.116.147203",{"id":26,"text":9008,"url":26,"identifiers":9009},"Kong, L. & Zang, J. Dynamics of an insulating skyrmion under a temperature gradient. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 067203 (2013).",{"doi":9010},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.111.067203",{"id":26,"text":9012,"url":26,"identifiers":9013},"Mochizuki, M. et al. Thermally driven ratchet motion of a skyrmion microcrystal and topological magnon Hall effect. Nat. Mater. 13, 241–246 (2014).",{"doi":9014},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3862",{"id":26,"text":9016,"url":26,"identifiers":9017},"Thiaville, A., Rohart, S., Jué, E., Cros, V. & Fert, A. Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films. Europhys. Lett. 100, 57002 (2012).",{"doi":9018},"10.1209\u002F0295-5075\u002F100\u002F57002",{"id":26,"text":9020,"url":26,"identifiers":9021},"Khvalkovskiy, A. et al. Matching domain-wall configuration and spin–orbit torques for efficient domain-wall motion. Phys. Rev. B 87, 020402(R) (2013).",{"doi":9022},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.87.020402",{"id":26,"text":9024,"url":26,"identifiers":9025},"Emori, S., Bauer, U., Ahn, S.-M., Martinez, E. & Beach, G. S. D. Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls. Nat. Mater. 12, 611–616 (2013).",{"doi":9026},"10.1038\u002Fnmat3675",{"id":26,"text":9028,"url":26,"identifiers":9029},"Ryu, K.-S., Thomas, L., Yang, S.-H. & Parkin, S. Chiral spin torque at magnetic domain walls. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 527–533 (2013).",{"doi":9030},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2013.102",{"id":26,"text":9032,"url":26,"identifiers":9033},"Heinonen, O., Jiang, W., Somaily, H., te Velthuis, S. G. E. & Hoffmann, A. Generation of magnetic skyrmion bubbles by inhomogeneous spin Hall currents. Phys. Rev. B 93, 094407 (2016).",{"doi":9034},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.93.094407",{"id":26,"text":9036,"url":26,"identifiers":9037},"Yu, G. et al. Room-temperature skyrmion shift device for memory application. Nano Lett. 17, 261–268 (2016).",{"doi":9038},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.6b04010",{"id":26,"text":9040,"url":26,"identifiers":9041},"Zhou, Y. & Ezawa, M. A reversible conversion between a skyrmion and a domain-wall pair in a junction geometry. Nat. Commun. 5, 8 (2014).",{},{"id":26,"text":9043,"url":26,"identifiers":9044},"Finazzi, M. et al. Laser-induced magnetic nanostructures with tunable topological properties. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 177205 (2013).",{"doi":9045},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.110.177205",{"id":26,"text":9047,"url":26,"identifiers":9048},"Hsu, P.-J. et al. Electric-field-driven switching of individual magnetic skyrmions. Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 123–126 (2017).",{"doi":9049},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2016.234",{"id":26,"text":9051,"url":26,"identifiers":9052},"Crum, D. M. et al. Perpendicular reading of single confined magnetic skyrmions. Nat. Commun. 6, 8541 (2015).",{"doi":9053},"10.1038\u002Fncomms9541",{"id":26,"text":9055,"url":26,"identifiers":9056},"Hanneken, C. et al. Electrical detection of magnetic skyrmions by tunnelling non-collinear magnetoresistance. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 1039–1042 (2015).",{"doi":9057},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.218",{"id":26,"text":9059,"url":26,"identifiers":9060},"Nagaosa, N., Sinova, J., Onoda, S., MacDonald, A. H. & Ong, N. P. Anomalous Hall effect. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1539 (2010).",{"doi":9061},"10.1103\u002FRevModPhys.82.1539",{"id":26,"text":9063,"url":26,"identifiers":9064},"Hamamoto, K., Ezawa, E. & Nagaosa, N. Purely electrical detection of a skyrmion in constricted geometry. Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 112401 (2016).",{"doi":9065},"10.1063\u002F1.4943949",{"id":26,"text":9067,"url":26,"identifiers":9068},"Lee, M. et al. Unusual Hall effect anomaly in MnSi under pressure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 186601 (2009).",{"doi":9069},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.102.186601",{"id":26,"text":9071,"url":26,"identifiers":9072},"Neubauer, A. et al. Topological Hall effect in the A phase of MnSi. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 186602 (2009).",{"doi":9073},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.102.186602",{"id":26,"text":9075,"url":26,"identifiers":9076},"Kanazawa, N. et al. Discretized topological Hall effect emerging from skyrmions in constricted geometry. Phys. Rev. B 91, 041122(R) (2015).",{"doi":9077},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.91.041122",{"id":26,"text":9079,"url":26,"identifiers":9080},"Wang, K., Huang, Y., Zhang, X. & Zhao, W. Skyrmion-electronics: an overview and outlook. Proc. IEEE 140, 2040 (2016).",{"doi":9081},"10.1109\u002FJPROC.2016.2591578",{"id":26,"text":9083,"url":26,"identifiers":9084},"Parkin, S. & Yang, S.-H. Memory on the racetrack. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 195–198 (2015).",{"doi":9085},"10.1038\u002Fnnano.2015.41",{"id":26,"text":9087,"url":26,"identifiers":9088},"Kang, W. et al. Voltage controlled magnetic skyrmion motion for racetrack memory. Sci. Rep. 6, 23164 (2016).",{"doi":9089},"10.1038\u002Fsrep23164",{"id":26,"text":9091,"url":26,"identifiers":9092},"Koshibae, W. et al. Memory functions for magnetic skyrmions. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54, 053001 (2015).",{"doi":9093},"10.7567\u002FJJAP.54.053001",{"id":26,"text":9095,"url":26,"identifiers":9096},"Zhang, X. et al. Skyrmion–skyrmion and skyrmion–edge repulsions in skyrmion-based racetrack memory. Sci. Rep. 5, 7643 (2015).",{"doi":9097},"10.1038\u002Fsrep07643",{"id":26,"text":9099,"url":26,"identifiers":9100},"Zhang, X., Zhou, Y., Ezawa, M., Zhao, G. P. & Zhao, W. Magnetic skyrmion transistor: skyrmion motion in a voltage-gated nanotrack. Sci. Rep. 5, 11369 (2015).",{"doi":9101},"10.1038\u002Fsrep11369",{"id":26,"text":9103,"url":26,"identifiers":9104},"Zhang, X., Ezawa, M. & Zhou, Y. Magnetic skyrmion logic gates: conversion, duplication and merging of skyrmions. Sci. Rep. 5, 9400 (2015).",{"doi":9105},"10.1038\u002Fsrep09400",{"id":26,"text":9107,"url":26,"identifiers":9108},"Schott, M. et al. The skyrmion switch: turning magnetic skyrmion bubbles on and off with an electric switch. Nano Lett. 17, 3006–3012 (2017).",{"doi":9109},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.7b00328",{"id":26,"text":9111,"url":26,"identifiers":9112},"Ma, F., Zhou, Y., Braun, H. B. & Lew, W. S. Skyrmion-based dynamic magnonic crystal. Nano Lett. 15, 4029–4036 (2015).",{"doi":9113},"10.1021\u002Facs.nanolett.5b00996",{"id":26,"text":9115,"url":26,"identifiers":9116},"Roldan-Molina, A., Nunez, A. S. & Fernández-Rossier, J. Topological spin waves in the atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion crystal. New J. Phys. 18, 045015 (2016).",{"doi":9117},"10.1088\u002F1367-2630\u002F18\u002F4\u002F045015",{"id":26,"text":9119,"url":26,"identifiers":9120},"Kim, J.-V. et al. Breathing modes of confined skyrmions in ultrathin magnetic dots. Phys. Rev. B 90, 064410 (2014).",{"doi":9121},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.90.064410",{"id":26,"text":9123,"url":26,"identifiers":9124},"Carpentieri, M. et al. Topological, non-topological and instanton droplets driven by spin-transfer torque in materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Sci. Rep. 5, 16184 (2015).",{"doi":9125},"10.1038\u002Fsrep16184",{"id":26,"text":9127,"url":26,"identifiers":9128},"Finocchio, G. et al. Skyrmion based microwave detectors and harvesting. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 262401 (2015).",{"doi":9129},"10.1063\u002F1.4938539",{"id":26,"text":9131,"url":26,"identifiers":9132},"Garcia-Sanchez, F., Reyren, N., Sampaio, J., Cros, V. & Kim, J.-V. A skyrmion-based spin-torque nano-oscillator. New J. Phys. 18, 075011 (2016).",{"doi":9133},"10.1088\u002F1367-2630\u002F18\u002F7\u002F075011",{"id":26,"text":9135,"url":26,"identifiers":9136},"Huang, Y. et al. Magnetic skyrmion-based synaptic devices. Nanotechnology 28, 08LT02 (2017).",{"doi":9137},"10.1088\u002F1361-6528\u002Faa5838",{"id":26,"text":9139,"url":26,"identifiers":9140},"Pinna, D. et al. Skyrmion gas manipulation for probabilistic computing. Preprint at arXivhttps:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1701.07750 (2017).",{},{"id":26,"text":9142,"url":26,"identifiers":9143},"Rohart, S. & Thiaville, A. Skyrmion confinement in ultrathin film nanostructures in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Phys. Rev. B 88, 184422 (2013).",{"doi":9144},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevB.88.184422",{"id":26,"text":9146,"url":26,"identifiers":9147},"Siemens, A., Zhang, Y., Hagemeister, J., Vedmedenko, E. Y. & Wiesendanger, R. Minimal radius of magnetic skyrmions: statics and dynamics. New J. Phys. 18, 045021 (2016).",{"doi":9148},"10.1088\u002F1367-2630\u002F18\u002F4\u002F045021",{"id":26,"text":9150,"url":26,"identifiers":9151},"Kiselev, N. S., Bogdanov, A. N., Schäfer, R. & Rossler, U. K. Chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic films: new objects for magnetic storage technologies? J. Phys. D 44, 392001 (2011).",{"doi":9152},"10.1088\u002F0022-3727\u002F44\u002F39\u002F392001",{"id":26,"text":9154,"url":26,"identifiers":9155},"Everschor, K. Current-Induced Dynamics of Chiral Magnetic Structures: Skyrmions, Emergent Electrodynamics and Spin-Transfer Torques. Thesis, Univ. zu Köln (2012).",{},{"id":26,"text":9157,"url":26,"identifiers":9158},"Wiesendanger, R. Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions in metallic films and multilayers: a new twist for spintronics. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 16044 (2016).",{"doi":9159},"10.1038\u002Fnatrevmats.2016.44",{"id":26,"text":9161,"url":26,"identifiers":9162},"Romming, N., Kubetzka, A., Hanneken, C., von Bergmann, K. & Wiesendanger, R. Field-dependent size and shape of single magnetic skyrmions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 177203 (2015).",{"doi":9163},"10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.114.177203"]