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The forefoot was divided into seven areas: the first through fifth metatarsal heads, the hallux, and the second through fifth lesser toes. Three trials of 8 sec each were recorded twice in each subject, and the mean was used to analyze peak and mean plantar pressures. A multiple regression model including weight, age, and cadence was run for each metatarsal head, the hallux, and the lesser toes. Intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation were also calculated to assess reliability.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n        \u003Cjats:p>\n          \u003Cjats:bold>Results:\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> The second metatarsal head had the greatest peak (960 kPa) and mean (585.1 kPa) pressures, followed by the third metatarsal head. Weight and cadence combined explained 18% and 23% of peak plantar pressure at the second and third metatarsal heads, respectively (\u003Cjats:italic>P\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < .001). The intraclass correlation coefficient varied from 0.76 to 0.96 for all variables. The coefficient of variation between sessions ranged from 5.8% to 9.0%.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n        \u003Cjats:p>\n          \u003Cjats:bold>Conclusion:\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> The highest peak and mean plantar pressures were found at the second and third metatarsal heads in healthy subjects. Weight, cadence, and age explained a low variability of this pressure pattern. The Biofoot in-shoe system has good reliability to measure plantar pressures. These data will have implications for the understanding of normal foot biomechanics and its determinants. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(4): 302–310, 2008)\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":163},"Cadence, Age, and Weight as Determinants of Forefoot Plantar Pressures Using the Biofoot In-shoe System",{"VOID":165},"18685051",{"VOID":167},"10.7547\u002F0980302","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","Auto 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people. .Gait Posture24::229. ,2006. .16214340",{},{"id":24,"text":308,"url":24,"identifiers":309},"Hessert MJ, Vyas M, Leach J, et al: Foot pressure distribution during walking in young and old adults. .BMC Geriatr5::8. ,2005. .15943881",{},{"id":24,"text":311,"url":24,"identifiers":312},"Planck MJ: The pattern of forefoot pressure distribution in hallux valgus. .The Foot5::8. ,1995. .",{},{"id":24,"text":314,"url":24,"identifiers":315},"Stebbins JA, Harrington ME, Giacomozzi C, et al: Assessment of sub-division of plantar pressure measurement in children. .Gait Posture22::372. ,2005. .16274921",{},{"id":24,"text":317,"url":24,"identifiers":318},"Cavanagh PR, Rodgers MM, Iiboshi A: Pressure distribution under symptom-free feet during barefoot standing. .Foot Ankle5::262. ,1987. .",{},{"id":24,"text":320,"url":24,"identifiers":321},"Luger EJ, Nissan M, Karpf A, et al: Patterns of weight distribution under metatarsal heads. .J Bone Joint Surg Br81::199. ,1999. .10204920",{},{"id":24,"text":323,"url":24,"identifiers":324},"Scott G, Menz HB, Newcombe L: Age-related differences in foot structure and function. .Gait Posture26::68. ,2007. .16945538",{},{"id":24,"text":326,"url":24,"identifiers":327},"Hills AP, Henning EM, McDonald M, et al: Plantar pressure differences between obese and non-obese adults: a biomechanical analysis. .Int J Obes25::1674. ,2001. .",{},{"id":24,"text":329,"url":24,"identifiers":330},"Clarke TE, Cavanagh P: Pressure distribution under the foot during barefoot walking. .Med Sci Sports Exerc13::135. ,1981. .",{},{"id":24,"text":332,"url":24,"identifiers":333},"Cavanagh PR, Sims DS, Sanders LJ: Body mass is a poor predictor of peak plantar pressures in diabetic men. .Diabetes Care14::750. ,1991. .1954813",{},{"id":24,"text":335,"url":24,"identifiers":336},"Birtane M, Tuna H: The evaluation of plantar pressure distribution in obese and non-obese adults. .Clin Biomech19::1055. ,2004. .",{},{"id":24,"text":338,"url":24,"identifiers":339},"Rosenbaum D, Hautmann S, Gold M, et al: Effects of walking speed on plantar pressure patterns and hind-foot angular motion. .Gait Posture2::191. ,1994. .",{},{"id":24,"text":341,"url":24,"identifiers":342},"Burnfield JM, Few CD, Mohamed OS, et al: The influence of walking speed on footwear on plantar pressures in older adults. .Clin Biomech19::78. ,2004. .",{},{"id":24,"text":344,"url":24,"identifiers":345},"Zhu H, Wertsch JJ, Harris GF, et al: Walking cadence effect on plantar pressures. .Arch Phys Med Rehabil76::1000. ,1995. .7487445",{},{"id":24,"text":347,"url":24,"identifiers":348},"Forner A, Garcia AC, Alcantara E, et al: Properties of shoe insert materials related to shock wave transmission during gait. .Foot Ankle Int16::778. ,1995. .8749349",{},{"id":24,"text":350,"url":24,"identifiers":351},"Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Martinez-Nova A, Querol-Martinez E, et al: Estudio comparativo del diseño de cuatro tratamientos ortopodológicos para la descarga de la segunda cabeza metatarsal. .Rev Esp Podol17::146. ,2006. .",{},{"id":24,"text":353,"url":24,"identifiers":354},"Lafuente R, Donate JJ, Poveda R, et al: Valoración evolutiva de fracturas de calcáneo mediante el análisis biomecánico de la marcha: análisis de resultados. .Mapfre Medicina13::275. ,2002. .",{},{"id":24,"text":356,"url":24,"identifiers":357},"Orlin MN, McPoil TG: Plantar pressure assessment. .Phys Ther80::399. ,2000. .10758524",{},{"id":24,"text":359,"url":24,"identifiers":360},"Hughes J, Pratt L, Linge K, et al: Reliability of pressure measurements: the EMED F system. .Clin Biomech6::14. ,1991. .",{},{"id":24,"text":362,"url":24,"identifiers":363},"VanZant RS, McPoil TG, Cornwall MW: Symmetry of plantar pressures and vertical forces in healthy subjects during walking. .JAPMA91::337. ,2001. .",{},{"id":24,"text":365,"url":24,"identifiers":366},"Barnett S, Cunningham JL, West S: A comparison of vertical force and temporal parameters produced by an in-shoe pressure measuring system and a force platform. .Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)16::353. ,2001. .",{},{"id":24,"text":368,"url":24,"identifiers":369},"Hurkmans H, Bussmann J, Benda E, et al: Accuracy and repeatability of the Pedar Mobile system in long-term vertical force measurements. .Gait Posture23::118. ,2006. .16260142",{},{"id":24,"text":371,"url":24,"identifiers":372},"Quesada PM, Rash GS, Jarboe N: Assessment of Pedar and F-Scan revisited. .Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)12::S15. ,1997. .",{},{"id":24,"text":374,"url":24,"identifiers":375},"Portney LG, Watkins MP: “Statistical Measures of Reliability,” in Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice, p505, Appleton & Lange, East Norwalk, CT. ,1993. .",{},{"id":24,"text":377,"url":24,"identifiers":378},"Murphy DF, Beynnon BD, Michelson JD, et al: Efficacy of plantar loading parameters during gait in terms of reliability, variability, effect of gender and relationship between contact area and 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with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy, it was found that the feet of patients with a history of hallux ulceration were more pronated and less able to complete a single-leg heel rise compared with the feet of patients with a history of ulceration elsewhere on the foot. The range of active first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion was found to be significantly lower in the affected foot. Ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar joint range of motion, and angle of gait differed from normal values but were similar to those found in other studies involving diabetic subjects and were not important factors in the occurrence of hallux ulceration. These data indicate that a more pronated foot type is associated with hallux ulceration in diabetic feet. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of footwear and orthoses in altering foot posture to manage hallux ulceration. 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Neuropathic foot ulcer prevention in diabetic American Indians with hallux limitus. .JAPMA79::447. ,1989. .",{},{"id":24,"text":595,"url":24,"identifiers":596},"Birke J, Cornwall MA, Jackson M: Relationship between hallux limitus and ulceration of the great toe. .Sports Phys Ther J Orthop10::172. ,1988. .",{},{"id":24,"text":598,"url":24,"identifiers":599},"Rome K: Ankle joint dorsiflexion measurement studies: a review of the literature. .JAPMA86::205. ,1996. .",{},{"id":24,"text":601,"url":24,"identifiers":602},"Diamond JE, Mueller MJ, Delitto A, et al: Reliability of a diabetic foot evaluation. .Phys Ther69::797. ,1989. .2780806",{},{"id":24,"text":604,"url":24,"identifiers":605},"Baggett BD, Young G: Ankle dorsiflexion: establishment of a normal range. .JAPMA83::542. ,1993. .",{},{"id":24,"text":607,"url":24,"identifiers":608},"Moseley AM, Crosbie J, Adams R: Normative data for the passive ankle plantarflexion-dorsiflexion flexibility. .Clin Biomech16::514. ,2001. .",{},{"id":24,"text":610,"url":24,"identifiers":611},"Root ML, Orien WP, Weed JH, et al: Biomechanical Examination of the Foot, Vol 1, Clinical Biomechanics Corp, Los Angeles. ,1971. .",{},{"id":24,"text":613,"url":24,"identifiers":614},"Astrom M, Arvidson T: Alignment and joint motion in the normal foot. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther22::216. ,1995. .8580949",{},{"id":24,"text":616,"url":24,"identifiers":617},"Buell T, Green DR, Risser J: Measurement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion. .JAPMA78::439. ,1988. .",{},{"id":24,"text":619,"url":24,"identifiers":620},"Mann R: The function of toes in walking, jogging, and running. .Clin Orthop Relat Res142::24. ,1979. .",{},{"id":24,"text":622,"url":24,"identifiers":623},"Bevans JS, Bowker P: Foot structure and function: aetiological risk factors for callus formation in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. .The Foot9::120. ,1999. .",{},{"id":24,"text":625,"url":24,"identifiers":626},"Wilkinson MJ, Menz HB: Measurement of gait 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Res239::196. ,1989. .",{},{"id":24,"text":643,"url":24,"identifiers":644},"Messier SP, Davies AB, Moore DT, et al: Severe obesity: effects on foot mechanics during walking. .Foot Ankle Int15::29. ,1994. .7981793",{},{"id":24,"text":646,"url":24,"identifiers":647},"Kohls-Gatzoulis J, Dishan Singh JA: Tibialis posterior dysfunction as a cause of flatfeet in elderly patients. .The Foot14::207. ,2004. .",{},{"id":24,"text":649,"url":24,"identifiers":650},"Snook AG: The relationship between excessive pronation as measured by navicular drop and isokinetic strength of the ankle musculature. .Foot Ankle Int22::234. ,2001. .11310866",{},{"id":24,"text":652,"url":24,"identifiers":653},"Hicks JH: The mechanics of the foot: part 2. The plantar aponeurosis and the arch. .J Anat88::25. ,1954. .13129168",{},{"id":24,"text":655,"url":24,"identifiers":656},"Payne CB, Dananberg HJ: Sagittal plane facilitation of the foot. .Australas J Podiatr Med31::7. ,1997. .",{},{"id":24,"text":658,"url":24,"identifiers":659},"Dananberg HJ: Sagittal plane biomechanics. .JAPMA90::47. ,2000. .",{},{"id":24,"text":661,"url":24,"identifiers":662},"Shrader JA, Lohmann Siegel K: Nonoperative management of functional hallux limitus in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. .Phys Ther83::831. ,2003. .12940769",{},{"id":24,"text":664,"url":24,"identifiers":665},"Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Vazquez JR, et al: Clinical efficacy of the first metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty as a curative procedure for hallux interphalangeal joint wounds in patients with diabetes. .Diabetes Care26::3248. ,2003. .",{},{"id":24,"text":667,"url":24,"identifiers":668},"Rosenblum BI, Giurini JM, Habershaw GM: Preventing loss of the great toe with hallux interphalangeal joint arthroplasty. .J Foot Ankle Surg33::557. ,1994. .7894401",{},{"id":24,"text":670,"url":24,"identifiers":671},"Mueller MJ, Sinacore DR, Hastings MK, et al: Effect of Achilles tendon lengthening on neuropathic plantar ulcers: a randomized clinical trial. .J Bone Joint Surg Am85::1436. ,2003. .12925622",{},{"id":24,"text":673,"url":24,"identifiers":674},"Armstrong DG, Stacpoole-Shea S, Nguyen H, et al: Lengthening of the Achilles tendon in diabetic patients who are at high risk for ulceration of the foot. .J Bone Joint Surg Am81::535. ,1999. .10225799",{},{"id":676,"createTime":677,"updateTime":677,"relativeEntities":678,"slug":679,"properties":680,"entityType":168,"verifyStatus":169,"verifyTime":677,"verifyNote":170,"syncStatus":23,"languages":694,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":695,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":696,"publicationType":232,"publisherRelationship":821,"citationCount":132,"citationInfo":859,"publishDate":863,"publishYear":864,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":865,"isForceReanalyzing":409},"36614fab-8ea6-4140-b636-fc1a52795226","2024-09-28T22:43:15.032+00:00",[],"The-Grading-of-Hallux-Valgus",{"mag":681,"keywords":683,"openalex":684,"abstract":686,"title":688,"pm":690,"doi":692},{"VOID":682},"2102846542",{},{"VOID":685},"W2102846542",{"EN":687},"\u003Cjats:p>This article describes a new, noninvasive method of assessing the severity of hallux valgus deformity by means of a set of standardized photographs. Six podiatrists were independently asked to grade the level of deformity of 13 subjects (26 feet) on a scale of 1 (no deformity) to 4 (severe deformity). The reliability of the four-point scale for the severity of hallux valgus was investigated by means of kappa-type statistics for more than two raters. The results showed that the grading method had excellent interobserver repeatability with a combined kappa-type statistic of 0.86, making it a suitable instrument for clinical and research purposes. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(2): 74-78, 2001)\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":689},"The Grading of Hallux Valgus",{"VOID":691},"11266481",{"VOID":693},"10.7547\u002F87507315-91-2-74",[172],"https:\u002F\u002Fjapmaonline.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.7547\u002F87507315-91-2-74",[697,716,738,757,780,802],{"id":698,"sortIndex":121,"researcher":24,"roles":699,"affiliations":700,"properties":711},"0dfcc0e5-3686-4fc3-8b3b-7ae40067596a",[],[701],{"id":702,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":703,"properties":24},"fc604fea-17cc-48c9-8abd-448c07bc7e4b",{"id":704,"createTime":705,"updateTime":705,"relativeEntities":706,"slug":707,"properties":708,"entityType":61,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"967c6ea0-9b9c-4249-9512-759febaefcb8","2024-09-28T22:43:15.096+00:00",[],"Professor-Rheumatic-Diseases-Centre-Clinical-Sciences-Bldg-Hope-Hospital-Salford-England-",{"title":709},{"EN":710},"Professor, Rheumatic Diseases Centre, Clinical Sciences Bldg, Hope Hospital, Salford, England.",{"openalex":712,"title":714},{"VOID":713},"A5049004644",{"EN":715},"M I Jayson",{"id":717,"sortIndex":125,"researcher":24,"roles":718,"affiliations":719,"properties":731},"07703ae1-6707-43db-8ba3-e127f7307ebb",[],[720],{"id":721,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":722,"properties":24},"53e675c5-e717-46af-a6a3-0b712afc0f78",{"id":723,"createTime":724,"updateTime":725,"relativeEntities":726,"slug":727,"properties":728,"entityType":61,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"0a0f75a2-15a3-410e-bee4-86adcbbe884e","2024-09-28T22:43:15.074+00:00","2025-06-11T22:59:00.326+00:00",[],"Professor-of-Rheumatic-Disease-Epidemiology-Arthritis-Research-Campaign-Epidemiology-Unit-School-of-Epidemiology-and-Health-Sciences-The-Medical-School-University-of-Manchester-Manchester-England-",{"title":729},{"EN":730},"Professor of Rheumatic Disease Epidemiology, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.",{"openalex":732,"orcid":734,"title":736},{"VOID":733},"A5018096937",{"VOID":735},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-8426-8925",{"EN":737},"Alan J. 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Submitted during doctoral studies, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.",{"openalex":753,"title":755},{"VOID":754},"A5032875991",{"EN":756},"Adam Garrow",{"id":758,"sortIndex":759,"researcher":24,"roles":760,"affiliations":761,"properties":773},"76114842-40ca-48ab-adaf-427695171e5e",5,[],[762],{"id":763,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":764,"properties":24},"b78d358e-de10-4513-80e3-e20744981123",{"id":765,"createTime":766,"updateTime":767,"relativeEntities":768,"slug":769,"properties":770,"entityType":61,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"0875052c-e75a-4edf-b3d7-8c127e384ed6","2024-09-28T22:43:15.107+00:00","2025-06-11T21:27:00.908+00:00",[],"Professor-of-Epidemiology-Arthritis-Research-Campaign-Epidemiology-Unit-and-Unit-of-Chronic-Disease-Epidemiology-School-of-Epidemiology-and-Health-Sciences-The-Medical-School-University-of-Manchester-Manchester-England-",{"title":771},{"EN":772},"Professor of Epidemiology, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit and Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.",{"openalex":774,"orcid":776,"title":778},{"VOID":775},"A5053915331",{"VOID":777},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2322-3314",{"EN":779},"Gary J. Macfarlane",{"id":781,"sortIndex":273,"researcher":24,"roles":782,"affiliations":783,"properties":795},"b109851d-f899-4d44-8be8-c17962911044",[],[784],{"id":785,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":786,"properties":24},"7e2b8069-a643-4101-b627-fc9da7f3b205",{"id":787,"createTime":788,"updateTime":789,"relativeEntities":790,"slug":791,"properties":792,"entityType":61,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"08cf16bf-a7d0-47f0-893a-04edfe056803","2024-09-28T22:43:15.085+00:00","2025-06-11T21:47:06.864+00:00",[],"Submitted-during-doctoral-studies-Arthritis-Research-Campaign-Epidemiology-Unit-School-of-Epidemiology-and-Health-Sciences-The-Medical-School-University-of-Manchester-Manchester-England-",{"title":793},{"EN":794},"Submitted during doctoral studies, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.",{"openalex":796,"orcid":798,"title":800},{"VOID":797},"A5031087108",{"VOID":799},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-9435-3653",{"EN":801},"Elaine Thomas",{"id":803,"sortIndex":119,"researcher":24,"roles":804,"affiliations":805,"properties":816},"dc5df7ce-b618-4662-adb9-ecf460b5688e",[],[806],{"id":807,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":808,"properties":24},"60e581e0-0972-44d2-b7ac-6ae2a908dc74",{"id":809,"createTime":810,"updateTime":810,"relativeEntities":811,"slug":812,"properties":813,"entityType":61,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"b23739ca-cb94-409f-90b7-6e39d992ad70","2024-09-28T22:43:15.061+00:00",[],"Study-Coordinator-Arthritis-Research-Campaign-Epidemiology-Unit-School-of-Epidemiology-and-Health-Sciences-The-Medical-School-University-of-Manchester-Manchester-England-",{"title":814},{"EN":815},"Study Coordinator, Arthritis Research Campaign Epidemiology Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.",{"openalex":817,"title":819},{"VOID":818},"A5021802200",{"EN":820},"A C Papageorgiou",{"url":24,"publisher":822,"properties":852},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":823,"slug":10,"properties":824,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":830,"manageAffiliations":831,"indexDatabases":832,"url":114,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":847,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":825,"issn":826,"introduce":827,"eissn":828,"title":829},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},{"VOID":19},{"EN":21},[],[],[833,840],{"id":96,"indexDatabase":834,"url":111,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":839,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":98,"createTime":99,"updateTime":100,"relativeEntities":835,"label":836,"description":837,"key":107,"publicationTags":838,"standard":24},[],{"EN":103,"VI":103},{"VI":105,"EN":106},[109,110],[113],{"id":75,"indexDatabase":841,"url":88,"indexYears":89,"academicFieldIds":846,"indexDatabaseRanking":94},{"id":77,"createTime":78,"updateTime":79,"relativeEntities":842,"label":843,"description":844,"key":85,"publicationTags":845,"standard":24},[],{"EN":82,"VI":82},{"EN":82,"VI":84},[87],[91,92,93],{"impactFactor":25,"impactFactorByYear":848,"i10Index":122,"i10IndexLast5Year":25,"totalPublication":123,"totalPublicationByYear":849,"totalCitation":126,"totalCitationByYear":850,"totalCitationPerPublication":141,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":851,"hindexLast5Year":144,"hindex":144},{"2012":117,"2013":118,"2017":119,"2018":120,"2019":121},{"1988":119,"1993":119,"1995":119,"1998":119,"2001":119,"2005":125,"2006":119,"2007":119,"2008":119,"2009":119,"2010":119,"2011":119,"2016":119,"2017":119},{"1988":128,"1993":129,"1995":130,"1998":131,"2001":132,"2005":133,"2006":134,"2007":135,"2008":136,"2009":137,"2010":138,"2011":139,"2016":138,"2017":140},{"1988":128,"1993":129,"1995":130,"1998":131,"2001":132,"2005":143,"2006":134,"2007":135,"2008":136,"2009":137,"2010":138,"2011":139,"2016":138,"2017":140},{"volume":853,"pages":855,"issue":857},{"VOID":854},"91",{"VOID":856},"74-78",{"VOID":858},"2",{"total":132,"publishYear":24,"statisticByYear":860},{"2012":131,"2013":135,"2014":861,"2015":862,"2016":123,"2017":123,"2018":118,"2019":541,"2020":122,"2021":138,"2022":861,"2023":135,"2024":121},10,17,"2001-02-01",2001,[866,869,872,875,877,880,883,885,888,890,892,894],{"id":24,"text":867,"url":24,"identifiers":868},"McCormick, 1992, Morbidity Statistics from General Practice : Fourth National Study Her Majesty s Stationery Office, 25, 1991",{},{"id":24,"text":870,"url":24,"identifiers":871},"Clarke, 1969, Trouble with Feet Son Ltd, 87",{},{"id":24,"text":873,"url":24,"identifiers":874},"Kelikian, 1965, Allied Deformities of the Forefoot and Philadelphia, 112",{},{"id":24,"text":867,"url":24,"identifiers":876},{},{"id":24,"text":878,"url":24,"identifiers":879},"Silman, 1995, Epidemiological Studies Practical Guide Syndicate of the University of Cambridge",{},{"id":24,"text":881,"url":24,"identifiers":882},"Orien, 1977, Root Normal and Abnormal Function of the Foot in Los, Clinical Biomechanics Clinical Biomechanics, 349",{},{"id":24,"text":878,"url":24,"identifiers":884},{},{"id":24,"text":886,"url":24,"identifiers":887},"Roberts, 1995, Error in Categorical Clinical Data Interpretation dissertation University of Manchester, Measurement Analysis",{},{"id":24,"text":881,"url":24,"identifiers":889},{},{"id":24,"text":870,"url":24,"identifiers":891},{},{"id":24,"text":873,"url":24,"identifiers":893},{},{"id":24,"text":886,"url":24,"identifiers":895},{},{"id":897,"createTime":898,"updateTime":898,"relativeEntities":899,"slug":900,"properties":901,"entityType":168,"verifyStatus":169,"verifyTime":898,"verifyNote":170,"syncStatus":23,"languages":915,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":916,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":917,"publicationType":232,"publisherRelationship":975,"citationCount":137,"citationInfo":1012,"publishDate":1014,"publishYear":1015,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":1016,"isForceReanalyzing":409},"dd5d3677-1f1f-49e9-aad2-21507447f009","2024-09-28T22:43:13.879+00:00",[],"Definitions-of-Hammer-Toe-and-Claw-Toe",{"mag":902,"keywords":904,"openalex":905,"abstract":907,"title":909,"pm":911,"doi":913},{"VOID":903},"2032171095",{},{"VOID":906},"W2032171095",{"EN":908},"\u003Cjats:p>Background: Lesser toe surgery is among the most conducted interventions in general orthopedic practice. However, the definitions of hammer toe and claw toe are not uniform. The objective of this literature study is to propose clear definitions for these deformities to establish unambiguous communication.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Methods: A literature search was performed in the PubMed database (May 2006). Of 81 eligible articles, 42 that stated a clear definition of hammer toe or claw toe were selected.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Results: In all 35 articles in which hammer toe was clearly defined, flexion in the proximal interphalangeal joint was part of the definition. Seventeen articles (49%) defined hammer toe as a combination of metatarsophalangeal extension and proximal interphalangeal flexion. Thirteen articles showed flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint as the single criterion. Twenty-three articles with a clear definition of claw toe were selected. Twenty-one articles (91%) showed metatarsophalangeal extension as part of the claw toe deformity. Twelve articles (52%) regarded metatarsophalangeal extension and flexion of the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints as the essential characteristics. Seven articles described a claw toe as metatarsophalangeal extension with flexion in the proximal interphalangeal joint.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Conclusions: There are variations in the definitions of lesser toe deformities in the literature. We propose that extension of the metatarsophalangeal joint is the discriminating factor and essential characteristic for claw toe. Claw toe and hammer toe should be characterized by flexion in the proximal interphalangeal joint, which is the single criterion for a hammer toe. The flexibility of these joints could be a basic factor in discriminating between these deformities. The development of these deformities should be regarded as a continuum in the same pathophysiologic process. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 194–197, 2009)\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":910},"Definitions of Hammer Toe and Claw Toe",{"VOID":912},"19448169",{"VOID":914},"10.7547\u002F0980194",[172],"https:\u002F\u002Fjapmaonline.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.7547\u002F0980194",[918,938,960],{"id":919,"sortIndex":125,"researcher":24,"roles":920,"affiliations":921,"properties":933},"3188d5a3-3318-406c-acba-dc228e64cabd",[],[922],{"id":923,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":924,"properties":24},"54eac88d-97b9-4290-a3ac-a90c53566aef",{"id":925,"createTime":926,"updateTime":927,"relativeEntities":928,"slug":929,"properties":930,"entityType":61,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"ebd47b7e-f1f1-4a0f-a3e9-6be9bcec29d8","2024-01-12T13:07:17.791+00:00","2024-09-28T22:43:13.925+00:00",[],"Orthopaedics-Sint-Maartenskliniek-Nijmegen-the-Netherlands",{"title":931},{"VI":932},"Orthopaedics, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the Netherlands",{"openalex":934,"title":936},{"VOID":935},"A5024867244",{"EN":937},"Jan Willem K. Louwerens",{"id":939,"sortIndex":119,"researcher":24,"roles":940,"affiliations":941,"properties":953},"3ba172cd-b0dc-4579-a431-69cd97451682",[],[942],{"id":943,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":944,"properties":24},"9d4cb56f-29bf-47f6-8f09-11e1174a01dd",{"id":945,"createTime":946,"updateTime":947,"relativeEntities":948,"slug":949,"properties":950,"entityType":61,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"6bb2c96c-b2d1-4997-8b02-83cbe5c48268","2023-12-12T15:41:28.253+00:00","2024-09-28T22:43:13.906+00:00",[],"Department-of-Orthopaedic-Surgery-and-Traumatology-Isala-Clinics-Zwolle-The-Netherlands",{"title":951},{"VI":952},"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, The Netherlands",{"openalex":954,"orcid":956,"title":958},{"VOID":955},"A5038565883",{"VOID":957},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2438-2771",{"EN":959},"Cees C.P.M. Verheyen",{"id":961,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":962,"affiliations":963,"properties":970},"72cdf537-7440-46e4-9d73-67fb09ebe5c5",[],[964],{"id":965,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":966,"properties":24},"70f66f47-b636-443d-b1c0-973c921a7cc5",{"id":945,"createTime":946,"updateTime":947,"relativeEntities":967,"slug":949,"properties":968,"entityType":61,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},[],{"title":969},{"VI":952},{"openalex":971,"title":973},{"VOID":972},"A5043526315",{"EN":974},"Joost C.M. Schrier",{"url":24,"publisher":976,"properties":1006},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":977,"slug":10,"properties":978,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":984,"manageAffiliations":985,"indexDatabases":986,"url":114,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":1001,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":979,"issn":980,"introduce":981,"eissn":982,"title":983},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},{"VOID":19},{"EN":21},[],[],[987,994],{"id":96,"indexDatabase":988,"url":111,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":993,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":98,"createTime":99,"updateTime":100,"relativeEntities":989,"label":990,"description":991,"key":107,"publicationTags":992,"standard":24},[],{"EN":103,"VI":103},{"VI":105,"EN":106},[109,110],[113],{"id":75,"indexDatabase":995,"url":88,"indexYears":89,"academicFieldIds":1000,"indexDatabaseRanking":94},{"id":77,"createTime":78,"updateTime":79,"relativeEntities":996,"label":997,"description":998,"key":85,"publicationTags":999,"standard":24},[],{"EN":82,"VI":82},{"EN":82,"VI":84},[87],[91,92,93],{"impactFactor":25,"impactFactorByYear":1002,"i10Index":122,"i10IndexLast5Year":25,"totalPublication":123,"totalPublicationByYear":1003,"totalCitation":126,"totalCitationByYear":1004,"totalCitationPerPublication":141,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1005,"hindexLast5Year":144,"hindex":144},{"2012":117,"2013":118,"2017":119,"2018":120,"2019":121},{"1988":119,"1993":119,"1995":119,"1998":119,"2001":119,"2005":125,"2006":119,"2007":119,"2008":119,"2009":119,"2010":119,"2011":119,"2016":119,"2017":119},{"1988":128,"1993":129,"1995":130,"1998":131,"2001":132,"2005":133,"2006":134,"2007":135,"2008":136,"2009":137,"2010":138,"2011":139,"2016":138,"2017":140},{"1988":128,"1993":129,"1995":130,"1998":131,"2001":132,"2005":143,"2006":134,"2007":135,"2008":136,"2009":137,"2010":138,"2011":139,"2016":138,"2017":140},{"volume":1007,"pages":1009,"issue":1011},{"VOID":1008},"99",{"VOID":1010},"194-197",{"VOID":538},{"total":137,"publishYear":24,"statisticByYear":1013},{"2012":273,"2013":273,"2014":121,"2015":125,"2016":121,"2017":125,"2018":125,"2019":273,"2020":131,"2021":118,"2022":121,"2023":541,"2024":273},"2009-05-01",2009,[1017,1020,1023,1026,1029,1032,1034,1037,1039,1042,1044,1046,1048,1050],{"id":24,"text":1018,"url":24,"identifiers":1019},"Coughlin, 1999, of the Foot Ankle ed by Philadelphia, Surgery, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":1021,"url":24,"identifiers":1022},"Hansen, 2000, Functional Reconstruction of the Foot and Ankle ed by ST, 149",{},{"id":24,"text":1024,"url":24,"identifiers":1025},"Johnson, 1997, Techniques in Orthopaedic The Foot and Ankle ed by, Surgery, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":1027,"url":24,"identifiers":1028},"Canale, 2003, Toe Abnormalities in s Operative Orthopaedics ed by ST Philadelphia, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":1030,"url":24,"identifiers":1031},"Boyer, 1816, Treatise on Surgical Diseases and the Operations Suited to Them New York",{},{"id":24,"text":1018,"url":24,"identifiers":1033},{},{"id":24,"text":1035,"url":24,"identifiers":1036},"Lutter, 1994, Orthopaedic Knowledge Update Foot and Ankle ed by of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Academy IL, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":1021,"url":24,"identifiers":1038},{},{"id":24,"text":1040,"url":24,"identifiers":1041},"Weinstein, 1994, Orthopaedics Principles Their Application, 5",{},{"id":24,"text":1024,"url":24,"identifiers":1043},{},{"id":24,"text":1035,"url":24,"identifiers":1045},{},{"id":24,"text":1030,"url":24,"identifiers":1047},{},{"id":24,"text":1027,"url":24,"identifiers":1049},{},{"id":24,"text":1040,"url":24,"identifiers":1051},{},{"id":1053,"createTime":1054,"updateTime":1054,"relativeEntities":1055,"slug":1056,"properties":1057,"entityType":168,"verifyStatus":169,"verifyTime":1054,"verifyNote":170,"syncStatus":23,"languages":1071,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1072,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1073,"publicationType":232,"publisherRelationship":1178,"citationCount":139,"citationInfo":1215,"publishDate":1217,"publishYear":1218,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":1219,"isForceReanalyzing":409},"5c4e94f3-0a1f-44a5-94f3-53612d4b7118","2024-09-28T22:43:10.271+00:00",[],"Foot-Biomechanics-in-Patients-with-Diabetes-Mellitus",{"mag":1058,"keywords":1060,"openalex":1061,"abstract":1063,"title":1065,"pm":1067,"doi":1069},{"VOID":1059},"2170155151",{},{"VOID":1062},"W2170155151",{"EN":1064},"\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Background:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>We sought to identify the biomechanical characteristics of the feet of patients with diabetes mellitus and the interrelationship with diabetic neuropathy by determining the range of joint mobility and the presence and locations of calluses and foot deformities.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Methods:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>This observational comparative study involved 281 patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent neurologic and vascular examinations. Joint mobility studies were performed, and deformities and hyperkeratosis locations were assessed.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Results:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>No substantial differences were found between patients with and without neuropathy in joint mobility range. Neuropathy was seen as a risk factor only in the passive range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (mean ± SD: 57.2° ± 19.5° versus 50.3° ± 22.5°, P = .008). Mean ± SD ankle joint mobility values were similar in both groups (83.0° ± 5.2° versus 82.8° ± 9.3°, P = .826). Patients without neuropathy had a higher rate of foot deformities such as hallux abductus valgus and hammer toes. There was also a higher presence of calluses in patients without neuropathy (82.8% versus 72.6%; P = .039).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Conclusions:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Diabetic neuropathy was not related to limited joint mobility and the presence of calluses. Patients with neuropathy did not show a higher risk of any of the deformities examined. These findings suggest that the etiology of biomechanical alterations in diabetic people is complex and may involve several anatomically and pathologically predisposing factors. 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2000, The 10-g monofilament: the diagnostic divining rod for the diabetic foot., Diabetes Care, 23, 887, 10.2337\u002Fdiacare.23.7.887",{"doi":1223},"10.2337\u002Fdiacare.23.7.887",{"id":24,"text":1225,"url":24,"identifiers":1226},"Boffeli, 2002, Biomechanical abnormalities and ulcers of the great toe in patients with diabetes., J Foot Ankle Surg, 41, 359, 10.1016\u002FS1067-2516(02)80081-3",{"doi":1227},"10.1016\u002FS1067-2516(02)80081-3",{"id":24,"text":1229,"url":24,"identifiers":1230},"Lobmann, 2002, Association of increased plantar pressures with peripheral sensorimotor and peripheral autonomic neuropathy in Type 2 diabetic patients., Diabetes Nutr Metab, 15, 165",{},{"id":24,"text":1232,"url":24,"identifiers":1233},"Boulton, 1986, Impaired vibratory perception and diabetic foot ulceration., Diabet Med, 3, 335, 10.1111\u002Fj.1464-5491.1986.tb00775.x",{"doi":1234},"10.1111\u002Fj.1464-5491.1986.tb00775.x",{"id":24,"text":1236,"url":24,"identifiers":1237},"Pecoraro, 1990, Pathways to diabetic limb amputation: basis for prevention., Diabetes Care, 13, 513, 10.2337\u002Fdiacare.13.5.513",{"doi":1238},"10.2337\u002Fdiacare.13.5.513",{"id":24,"text":1240,"url":24,"identifiers":1241},"Zimny, 2004, The role of limited joint mobility in diabetic patients with an at-risk foot., Diabetes Care, 27, 942, 10.2337\u002Fdiacare.27.4.942",{"doi":1242},"10.2337\u002Fdiacare.27.4.942",{"id":24,"text":1244,"url":24,"identifiers":1245},"Van Gils, 2002, The effect of ankle equinus upon the diabetic foot., Clin Podiatr Med Surg, 19, 391, 10.1016\u002FS0891-8422(02)00010-1",{"doi":1246},"10.1016\u002FS0891-8422(02)00010-1",{"id":24,"text":1248,"url":24,"identifiers":1249},"Andersen, 2004, Atrophy of foot muscles: a measure of diabetic neuropathy., Diabetes Care, 27, 2382, 10.2337\u002Fdiacare.27.10.2382",{"doi":1250},"10.2337\u002Fdiacare.27.10.2382",{"id":24,"text":1244,"url":24,"identifiers":1252},{"doi":1246},{"id":24,"text":1254,"url":24,"identifiers":1255},"Feldman, 1994, Clinical testing in diabetic peripheral neuropathy., Can J Neurol Sci, 21, S3, 10.1017\u002FS0317167100040671",{"doi":1256},"10.1017\u002FS0317167100040671",{"id":24,"text":1221,"url":24,"identifiers":1258},{"doi":1223},{"id":24,"text":1260,"url":24,"identifiers":1261},"Bus, 2009, Role of intrinsic muscle atrophy in the etiology of claw toe deformity in diabetic neuropathy may not be as straightforward as widely believed., Diabetes Care, 32, 1063, 10.2337\u002Fdc08-2174",{"doi":1262},"10.2337\u002Fdc08-2174",{"id":24,"text":1240,"url":24,"identifiers":1264},{"doi":1242},{"id":24,"text":1266,"url":24,"identifiers":1267},"Apelqvist, 2000, What is the most effective way to reduce incidence of amputation in the diabetic foot?, Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 16, S75, 10.1002\u002F1520-7560(200009\u002F10)16:1+\u003C::AID-DMRR139>3.0.CO;2-8",{"doi":1268},"10.1002\u002F1520-7560(200009\u002F10)16:1+\u003C::AID-DMRR139>3.0.CO;2-8",{"id":24,"text":1270,"url":24,"identifiers":1271},"Apelqvist, 2008, Practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot: based upon the International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot (2007): prepared by the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot., Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 24, S181, 10.1002\u002Fdmrr.848",{"doi":1272},"10.1002\u002Fdmrr.848",{"id":24,"text":1274,"url":24,"identifiers":1275},"Michaud, 1993, “Ideal Motions During the Gait Cycle,”., Foot Orthoses and Other Forms of Conservative Foot Care, 27",{},{"id":24,"text":1277,"url":24,"identifiers":1278},"Boulton, 2008, The diabetic foot: an update., Foot Ankle Surg, 14, 120, 10.1016\u002Fj.fas.2008.05.004",{"doi":1279},"10.1016\u002Fj.fas.2008.05.004",{"id":24,"text":1225,"url":24,"identifiers":1281},{"doi":1227},{"id":24,"text":1283,"url":24,"identifiers":1284},"Lavery, 2003, Predictive value of foot pressure assessment as part of a population-based diabetes disease management program., Diabetes Care, 26, 1069, 10.2337\u002Fdiacare.26.4.1069",{"doi":1285},"10.2337\u002Fdiacare.26.4.1069",{"id":24,"text":1254,"url":24,"identifiers":1287},{"doi":1256},{"id":24,"text":1289,"url":24,"identifiers":1290},"Jeffcoate, 2003, Diabetic foot ulcers., Lancet, 361, 1545, 10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(03)13169-8",{"doi":1291},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(03)13169-8",{"id":24,"text":1248,"url":24,"identifiers":1293},{"doi":1250},{"id":24,"text":1295,"url":24,"identifiers":1296},"Wrobel, 2003, Do clinical examination variables predict high plantar pressures in the diabetic foot., JAPMA, 93, 367, 10.7547\u002F87507315-93-5-367",{"doi":1297},"10.7547\u002F87507315-93-5-367",{"id":24,"text":1266,"url":24,"identifiers":1299},{"doi":1268},{"id":24,"text":1274,"url":24,"identifiers":1301},{},{"id":24,"text":1303,"url":24,"identifiers":1304},"Reihsner, 2000, Alterations of biochemical and two-dimensional biomechanical properties of human skin in diabetes mellitus as compared to effects of in vitro non-enzymatic glycation., Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 15, 379, 10.1016\u002FS0268-0033(99)00085-6",{"doi":1305},"10.1016\u002FS0268-0033(99)00085-6",{"id":24,"text":1307,"url":24,"identifiers":1308},"Mueller, 2003, Forefoot structural predictors of plantar pressures during walking in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy., J Biomech, 36, 1009, 10.1016\u002FS0021-9290(03)00078-2",{"doi":1309},"10.1016\u002FS0021-9290(03)00078-2",{"id":24,"text":1311,"url":24,"identifiers":1312},"Murray, 1996, The association between callus formation, high pressures and neuropathy in diabetic foot ulceration., Diabet Med, 13, 979, 10.1002\u002F(SICI)1096-9136(199611)13:11\u003C979::AID-DIA267>3.0.CO;2-A",{"doi":1313},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1096-9136(199611)13:11\u003C979::AID-DIA267>3.0.CO;2-A",{"id":24,"text":1315,"url":24,"identifiers":1316},"Fernando, 1991, Relationship of limited joint mobility to abnormal foot pressures and diabetic foot ulceration., Diabetes Care, 14, 8, 10.2337\u002Fdiacare.14.1.8",{"doi":1317},"10.2337\u002Fdiacare.14.1.8",{"id":24,"text":1311,"url":24,"identifiers":1319},{"doi":1313},{"id":24,"text":1321,"url":24,"identifiers":1322},"Armstrong, 1998, Is there a critical level of plantar foot pressure to identify patients at risk for neuropathic foot ulceration., J Foot Ankle Surg, 37, 303, 10.1016\u002FS1067-2516(98)80066-5",{"doi":1323},"10.1016\u002FS1067-2516(98)80066-5",{"id":24,"text":1325,"url":24,"identifiers":1326},"Hill, 1995, Ankle equinus: prevalence and linkage to common foot pathology., JAPMA, 85, 295, 10.7547\u002F87507315-85-6-295",{"doi":1327},"10.7547\u002F87507315-85-6-295",{"id":24,"text":1295,"url":24,"identifiers":1329},{"doi":1297},{"id":24,"text":1331,"url":24,"identifiers":1332},"Gutierrez, 2001, Mild diabetic neuropathy affects ankle motor function., Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 16, 522, 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The fixation is placed prior to the cutting of the osteotomy, resulting in less chance of disruption to the lateral cortical hinge.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1758},"Akin osteotomy with horizontal interosseous wire-loop fixation",{"VOID":1760},"10220990",{"VOID":1762},"10.7547\u002F87507315-89-4-194","2024-12-12T15:39:03.769+00:00",[172],"https:\u002F\u002Fjapmaonline.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.7547\u002F87507315-89-4-194",[1767],{"id":1768,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1769,"affiliations":1770,"properties":1771},"0fc453fd-abaf-491d-92d6-618b23193f8d",[],[],{"openalex":1772,"title":1774},{"VOID":1773},"A5110415604",{"EN":1775},"BS Schlefman",{"url":24,"publisher":1777,"properties":1807},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1778,"slug":10,"properties":1779,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1785,"manageAffiliations":1786,"indexDatabases":1787,"url":114,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":1802,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1780,"issn":1781,"introduce":1782,"eissn":1783,"title":1784},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},{"VOID":19},{"EN":21},[],[],[1788,1795],{"id":96,"indexDatabase":1789,"url":111,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1794,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":98,"createTime":99,"updateTime":100,"relativeEntities":1790,"label":1791,"description":1792,"key":107,"publicationTags":1793,"standard":24},[],{"EN":103,"VI":103},{"VI":105,"EN":106},[109,110],[113],{"id":75,"indexDatabase":1796,"url":88,"indexYears":89,"academicFieldIds":1801,"indexDatabaseRanking":94},{"id":77,"createTime":78,"updateTime":79,"relativeEntities":1797,"label":1798,"description":1799,"key":85,"publicationTags":1800,"standard":24},[],{"EN":82,"VI":82},{"EN":82,"VI":84},[87],[91,92,93],{"impactFactor":25,"impactFactorByYear":1803,"i10Index":122,"i10IndexLast5Year":25,"totalPublication":123,"totalPublicationByYear":1804,"totalCitation":126,"totalCitationByYear":1805,"totalCitationPerPublication":141,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1806,"hindexLast5Year":144,"hindex":144},{"2012":117,"2013":118,"2017":119,"2018":120,"2019":121},{"1988":119,"1993":119,"1995":119,"1998":119,"2001":119,"2005":125,"2006":119,"2007":119,"2008":119,"2009":119,"2010":119,"2011":119,"2016":119,"2017":119},{"1988":128,"1993":129,"1995":130,"1998":131,"2001":132,"2005":133,"2006":134,"2007":135,"2008":136,"2009":137,"2010":138,"2011":139,"2016":138,"2017":140},{"1988":128,"1993":129,"1995":130,"1998":131,"2001":132,"2005":143,"2006":134,"2007":135,"2008":136,"2009":137,"2010":138,"2011":139,"2016":138,"2017":140},{"volume":1808,"pages":1810,"issue":1812},{"VOID":1809},"89",{"VOID":1811},"194-198",{"VOID":270},20,{"total":1813,"publishYear":24,"statisticByYear":1815},{"2012":273,"2015":119,"2016":125,"2017":125,"2018":119,"2020":119,"2021":273,"2023":119,"2024":125},"1999-04-01",1999,[],{"id":1820,"createTime":1821,"updateTime":1821,"relativeEntities":1822,"slug":1823,"properties":1824,"entityType":168,"verifyStatus":169,"verifyTime":1838,"verifyNote":170,"syncStatus":23,"languages":1839,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1840,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1841,"publicationType":232,"publisherRelationship":1895,"citationCount":135,"citationInfo":1933,"publishDate":1935,"publishYear":1936,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":1937,"isForceReanalyzing":409},"c70a8501-1e90-4e5a-a805-e6f07b0cabcd","2024-09-02T15:04:30.771+00:00",[],"Essential-Features-of-a-Handheld-Infrared-Thermometer-Used-to-Guide-the-Treatment-of-Neuropathic-Feet",{"mag":1825,"keywords":1827,"openalex":1828,"abstract":1830,"title":1832,"pm":1834,"doi":1836},{"VOID":1826},"1971840475",{},{"VOID":1829},"W1971840475",{"EN":1831},"\u003Cjats:p>Background: A study was conducted to compare the accuracy, reliability, and essential features of nine commercially available handheld infrared thermometers used to manage the neuropathic foot.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Methods: The thermometers were compared using two temperature-control sources simulating physiologic conditions found in a foot-care clinic. With each control source independently set, temperature difference ranges of 0°, 2°, 4°, and 6° C were randomly sampled and analyzed for each thermometer by two testers. The order of testing was randomly assigned for testers and instruments.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Results: There were differences in mean temperature change among thermometers (P < .001) and between testers (P = .0247). Differences in mean temperature change among instruments (<0.5°C), although small, could affect interpretation of skin temperature if temperature comparisons are made using two different instruments. The difference in temperature change between testers (0.06°C) was not large enough to affect decisions in clinical practice. Instrument response time, distance-to-spot ratio, sensor diameter, display resolution, emissivity, and cost were compared.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Conclusions: The low-cost, general-use infrared thermometers used in this study showed good accuracy, reliability, and performance and are appropriate for use in a foot-care clinic. 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