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Equal amounts of instantaneous and continuous bout data were collected for each of the four species. All animals were housed in enclosures of 10×5×3.5 m with similar substrates, and lived in small, species‐appropriate social groups. The positional behaviour of white‐cheeked crested gibbons was as expected with >80% of locomotor bouts and 60% of postures being suspensory in nature. The positional behaviour of the Delacour's and Hatinh langurs was similar to that reported in the literature for other Asian colobines with >90% of the locomotor bouts being quadrupedal walking, running, and bounding on tops of arboreal supports. Postures were dominated by sitting in and sitting out with forelimb suspension associated with <10% of these behaviours. The positional behaviour of the red‐shanked douc langur is intermediate in nature between the Delacour's and Hatinh langur and the white‐cheeked crested gibbon. Locomotion is nearly evenly divided between arm‐swinging (46%) and quadrupedal walking and running bouts (54%). Forelimb suspensory postures were three times more frequent for the red‐shanked douc langur than they were for the Delacour's langur.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":109},"Unexpected locomotor behaviour: brachiation by an Old World monkey (\u003Ci>Pygathrix nemaeus\u003C\u002Fi>) from Vietnam",{"VOID":111},"[\"13011643662000194323\"]",{"VOID":113},"10.1017\u002Fs0952836904004935","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","Auto Verify",[118],"EN","https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1017\u002FS0952836904004935",[121,142],{"id":122,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":123,"affiliations":124,"properties":133},"15917d60-cc20-4c7c-ad07-9e3b296f7d92",[],[125],{"id":126,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":127,"properties":24},"8cb4988f-bbee-4c34-bc4c-78adf2e532db",{"id":126,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":128,"slug":24,"properties":129,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":132,"statistic":24},[],{"title":130},{"EN":131},"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, U.S.A.",[],{"orcid":134,"title":136,"gsAuthor":138,"openalex":140},{"VOID":135},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-8673-9196",{"EN":137},"Craig Byron",{"VOID":139},"n2MknlAAAAAJ",{"VOID":141},"A5076526270",{"id":143,"sortIndex":144,"researcher":24,"roles":145,"affiliations":146,"properties":155},"25abab5f-d5d8-4494-8ca5-349b8120d18b",1,[],[147],{"id":148,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":149,"properties":24},"a15b01ab-b74f-43c7-9612-1338b3c6d329",{"id":148,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":150,"slug":24,"properties":151,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":154,"statistic":24},[],{"title":152},{"EN":153},"Department of Anthropology, CB 233, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309‐0233, U.S.A.",[],{"title":156,"gsAuthor":158,"openalex":160},{"EN":157},"Herbert H. 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R., 1963, The primates, 183",{},{"id":24,"text":299,"url":24,"identifiers":300},"Napier J. R., 1967, A handbook of living primates: morphology, ecology, and behaviour of nonhuman primates",{},{"id":24,"text":302,"url":24,"identifiers":303},"Oxnard C. E., 1963, The primates, 165",{},{"id":24,"text":305,"url":24,"identifiers":306},"Ripley S., 1977, Gray zones and gray langurs: is the ‘semi‐’ concept seminal, Yearb. Phys. 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The stage of development of the gonad and differentiation into an ovary or a testis occurred at essentially the same time at both temperatures. This contrasts with the overall development of the embryos which was slower at the lower temperature. A few days prior to differentiation, gonads grew more quickly at 33 °C than they did at 30 °C. However, once differentiated into a presumptive testis, gonads reduced in volume so that at hatching presumptive testes were smaller than presumptive ovaries. It is hypothesized that synchrony\u002Fasynchrony of development of the gonad and the rest of the embryo may account for temperature‐dependent sex determination.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":336},"Gonadal development and differentiation in \u003Ci>Alligator mississippiensis\u003C\u002Fi> at male and female producing incubation temperatures",{"VOID":338},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1989.tb05009.x",[118],"https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1989.tb05009.x",[342],{"id":343,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":344,"affiliations":345,"properties":354},"71a46d13-8bea-4543-94e7-87bbd3e3b75e",[],[346],{"id":347,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":348,"properties":24},"ee993a77-e151-4ec1-bf65-5c2ab1b8d524",{"id":347,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":349,"slug":24,"properties":350,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":353,"statistic":24},[],{"title":351},{"VI":352},"Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia",[],{"orcid":355,"title":357,"openalex":359},{"VOID":356},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-3645-8593",{"EN":358},"Jean M.P. 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W., 1987, Wildlife management: crocodiles and alligators, 507",{},{"id":457,"createTime":458,"updateTime":459,"relativeEntities":460,"slug":461,"properties":462,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":458,"verifyNote":116,"languages":475,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":476,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":477,"publicationType":162,"publisherRelationship":512,"citationCount":561,"citationInfo":562,"publishDate":568,"publishYear":563,"citationAnalyzeStatus":569,"lastCitationAnalyze":459,"indexDatabases":570,"openAccess":24,"references":571,"isForceReanalyzing":322},"3f560fb0-3be2-4370-8030-dd053e47c0f7","2024-09-28T20:53:26.706+00:00","2025-02-09T05:48:44.691+00:00",[],"The-effect-of-tooth-wear-on-the-feeding-behaviour-of-free-ranging-koalas-i-Phascolarctos-cinereus-i-Goldfuss-",{"openalex":463,"mag":465,"abstract":467,"title":469,"gsPaper":471,"doi":473},{"VOID":464},"W1983608214",{"VOID":466},"1983608214",{"EN":468},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The free‐ranging feeding behaviours of five adult koalas \u003Cjats:italic>Phascolarctos cinereus\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> with varying degrees of tooth wear were investigated using acoustically sensitive radio telemetry. An increase in tooth wear was found to be associated with a significant increase in the average amount of time spent feeding, average number of leaves consumed and the average number of daily chews. This suggests that koalas compensate for tooth wear by increasing food intake. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the average number of chews per leaf and average chew rate, suggesting a greater investment in processing each leaf.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":470},"The effect of tooth wear on the feeding behaviour of free‐ranging koalas (\u003Ci>Phascolarctos cinereus\u003C\u002Fi>, Goldfuss)",{"VOID":472},"[]",{"VOID":474},"10.1017\u002Fs0952836902000080",[118],"https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1017\u002FS0952836902000080",[478,497],{"id":479,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":480,"affiliations":481,"properties":490},"27b5c098-7c9d-4c1a-ba76-f4fb9f6fea0f",[],[482],{"id":483,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":484,"properties":24},"67a2cefa-7856-4640-89bc-39441b48c29e",{"id":483,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":485,"slug":24,"properties":486,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":489,"statistic":24},[],{"title":487},{"VI":488},"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800 Australia",[],{"orcid":491,"title":493,"openalex":495},{"VOID":492},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-5102-3972",{"EN":494},"Murray Logan",{"VOID":496},"A5018728273",{"id":498,"sortIndex":144,"researcher":24,"roles":499,"affiliations":500,"properties":507},"801dc6d0-7758-4a75-b13a-2e76076f62ed",[],[501],{"id":483,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":502,"properties":24},{"id":483,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":503,"slug":24,"properties":504,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":506,"statistic":24},[],{"title":505},{"VI":488},[],{"title":508,"openalex":510},{"EN":509},"Gordon D. 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C., 1965, Physiology of digestion in the ruminant, 108",{},{"id":24,"text":582,"url":24,"identifiers":583},"Bjornhag G., 1972, Separation and delay of contents in the rabbit colon, Swed. J. Agric. Res., 2, 125",{},{"id":24,"text":585,"url":24,"identifiers":586},"10.1079\u002FBJN19620049",{"doi":585},{"id":24,"text":588,"url":24,"identifiers":589},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1991.tb04325.x",{"doi":588},{"id":24,"text":591,"url":24,"identifiers":592},"Cork S. J., 1990, The biology of the koala, 129",{},{"id":24,"text":594,"url":24,"identifiers":595},"10.1007\u002FBF00689726",{"doi":594},{"id":24,"text":597,"url":24,"identifiers":598},"Degabriele R., 1978, The ecology of the arboreal folivores, 163",{},{"id":24,"text":600,"url":24,"identifiers":601},"10.1079\u002FBJN19910096",{"doi":600},{"id":24,"text":603,"url":24,"identifiers":604},"10.1111\u002Fj.1751-0813.1992.tb09933.x",{"doi":603},{"id":24,"text":606,"url":24,"identifiers":607},"10.1071\u002FZO9950059",{"doi":606},{"id":24,"text":609,"url":24,"identifiers":610},"10.1086\u002Fphyszool.60.1.30158632",{"doi":609},{"id":24,"text":612,"url":24,"identifiers":613},"Gipps J. M., 1984, Possums and gliders, 237",{},{"id":24,"text":615,"url":24,"identifiers":616},"10.1093\u002Ficb\u002F28.3.863",{"doi":615},{"id":24,"text":618,"url":24,"identifiers":619},"10.2307\u002F3808292",{"doi":618},{"id":24,"text":621,"url":24,"identifiers":622},"10.2307\u002F2390001",{"doi":621},{"id":24,"text":624,"url":24,"identifiers":625},"10.1071\u002FZO9960327",{"doi":624},{"id":24,"text":627,"url":24,"identifiers":628},"10.1016\u002F0003-9969(95)00098-4",{"doi":627},{"id":24,"text":630,"url":24,"identifiers":631},"Keys J. E., 1969, Comparative study of the digestibility of forage cellulose and hemicellulose in ruminants and non‐ruminants, J. Anim. Sci., 38, 559",{},{"id":24,"text":633,"url":24,"identifiers":634},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1986.tb03572.x",{"doi":633},{"id":24,"text":636,"url":24,"identifiers":637},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1986.tb03573.x",{"doi":636},{"id":24,"text":639,"url":24,"identifiers":640},"Latham M. J., 1978, Adhesion of Bacteroides succinogenes in pure culture and in the presence of Ruminococcus, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 35, 1166, 10.1128\u002Faem.35.6.1166-1173.1978",{"doi":641},"10.1128\u002Faem.35.6.1166-1173.1978",{"id":24,"text":643,"url":24,"identifiers":644},"10.1007\u002Fs004420050575",{"doi":643},{"id":24,"text":646,"url":24,"identifiers":647},"Lee A. K., 1988, Translocations of wild animals, 152",{},{"id":24,"text":649,"url":24,"identifiers":650},"10.1071\u002FZO98039",{"doi":649},{"id":24,"text":652,"url":24,"identifiers":653},"10.1071\u002FZO98038",{"doi":652},{"id":24,"text":655,"url":24,"identifiers":656},"10.1071\u002FWR9810275",{"doi":655},{"id":24,"text":658,"url":24,"identifiers":659},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2494.1969.tb01076.x",{"doi":658},{"id":24,"text":661,"url":24,"identifiers":662},"10.1071\u002FZO9850655",{"doi":661},{"id":24,"text":664,"url":24,"identifiers":665},"10.1071\u002FZO9870625",{"doi":664},{"id":24,"text":667,"url":24,"identifiers":668},"10.1071\u002FAR9640635",{"doi":667},{"id":24,"text":670,"url":24,"identifiers":671},"10.1111\u002Fj.1095-8312.1998.tb01516.x",{"doi":670},{"id":24,"text":673,"url":24,"identifiers":674},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1998.tb00106.x",{"doi":673},{"id":24,"text":676,"url":24,"identifiers":677},"Prins R. A., 1990, The rumen ecosystem: the microbial metabolism and its regulation, 109",{},{"id":24,"text":679,"url":24,"identifiers":680},"Stirton R. A., 1957, A new koala from the Pliocene Polankarinna fauna of South Australia, Rec. S. Aust. Mus., 13, 71",{},{"id":24,"text":682,"url":24,"identifiers":683},"Strahan R., 1978, The koala, 3",{},{"id":24,"text":685,"url":24,"identifiers":686},"10.1016\u002FS0022-5193(86)80138-2",{"doi":685},{"id":24,"text":688,"url":24,"identifiers":689},"10.1071\u002FWR9930785",{"doi":688},{"id":24,"text":691,"url":24,"identifiers":692},"10.1071\u002FAR9880671",{"doi":691},{"id":24,"text":694,"url":24,"identifiers":695},"Wilkinson L., 1990, SYSTAT statistical package 1990",{},{"id":697,"createTime":698,"updateTime":699,"relativeEntities":700,"slug":701,"properties":702,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":698,"verifyNote":116,"languages":717,"translateLanguages":718,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":720,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":721,"publicationType":162,"publisherRelationship":825,"citationCount":875,"citationInfo":876,"publishDate":883,"publishYear":877,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":884,"openAccess":24,"references":885,"isForceReanalyzing":322},"5d8804f2-013e-4b92-9e29-6a9b9e9ccb23","2024-12-21T09:10:11.143+00:00","2025-02-06T12:38:13.537+00:00",[],"Effects-of-density-and-weather-on-survival-of-bighorn-sheep-lambs-i-Ovis-canadensis-i-",{"openalex":703,"mag":705,"abstract":707,"title":710,"keywords":713,"doi":715},{"VOID":704},"W2130327736",{"VOID":706},"2130327736",{"EN":708,"VI":709},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Density‐dependence in juvenile survival may be difficult to detect if survival is also affected by density‐independent factors. We investigated the relationships among weather parameters, population density, and lamb survival of bighorn sheep with long‐term data from a marked population where we manipulated population density. We distinguished neonatal survival and winter survival. Density interacted with weather variables to affect neonatal survival; spring and winter temperatures had a positive effect on neonatal survival only when population density was high. Neonatal survival was positively affected by spring precipitation independently of population density. Winter survival was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation during the previous spring, negatively correlated with density, and independent of winter temperature or snowfall. The effect of weather on lamb winter survival did not vary with density. Bighorn lambs are well adapted to harsh winter weather, but spring weather influenced survival of lambs at birth and during the subsequent winter, possibly through its effects on forage availability. Our study clearly demonstrates density‐dependence in lamb survival. Some of the effects of weather on lamb survival are density‐independent, others are mediated by an interaction with population density.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>Tóm tắt\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Sự phụ thuộc vào mật độ dân số trong việc sinh tồn của thanh niên có thể khó phát hiện nếu sự sống còn cũng bị ảnh hưởng bởi các yếu tố độc lập với mật độ. Chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu mối quan hệ giữa các thông số thời tiết, mật độ dân số và sự sống sót của cừu bighorn con qua dữ liệu dài hạn từ một quần thể đã được đánh dấu, nơi chúng tôi thao tác mật độ dân số. Chúng tôi phân biệt giữa sự sống sót khi mới sinh và sự sống sót vào mùa đông. Mật độ đã tương tác với các biến thời tiết để ảnh hưởng đến sự sống sót khi mới sinh; nhiệt độ vào mùa xuân và mùa đông có tác động tích cực đến sự sống sót khi mới sinh chỉ khi mật độ dân số cao. Sự sống sót khi mới sinh bị ảnh hưởng tích cực bởi lượng mưa vào mùa xuân độc lập với mật độ dân số. Sự sống sót trong mùa đông có mối tương quan tích cực với nhiệt độ và lượng mưa trong mùa xuân trước đó, có mối tương quan tiêu cực với mật độ, và độc lập với nhiệt độ mùa đông hoặc lượng tuyết rơi. Tác động của thời tiết đến sự sống sót của cừu con trong mùa đông không thay đổi theo mật độ. Cừu bighorn con đã thích nghi tốt với thời tiết mùa đông khắc nghiệt, nhưng thời tiết vào mùa xuân đã ảnh hưởng đến sự sống còn của cừu con khi sinh ra và trong mùa đông tiếp theo, có thể thông qua ảnh hưởng của nó đến sự sẵn có của thức ăn. Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi đã rõ ràng chứng minh sự phụ thuộc vào mật độ trong sự sống sót của cừu con. Một số tác động của thời tiết đối với sự sống sót của cừu con là độc lập với mật độ, trong khi những tác động khác được trung gian bởi sự tương tác với mật độ dân số.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":711,"VI":712},"Effects of density and weather on survival of bighorn sheep lambs (\u003Ci>Ovis canadensis\u003C\u002Fi>)","Tác động của mật độ dân số và thời tiết đến sự sống còn của cừu bighorn con (\u003Ci>Ovis canadensis\u003C\u002Fi>)",{"VI":714},"Mật độ dân số, thời tiết, cừu bighorn, sự sống sót của cừu con, Ovis canadensis",{"VOID":716},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1998.tb00101.x",[118],[719],"VI","https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1998.tb00101.x",[722,747,766,783,800],{"id":723,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":724,"affiliations":725,"properties":742},"aba58886-cb19-41c8-a43c-7568a4fea105",[],[726,734],{"id":727,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":728,"properties":24},"ea380b75-1568-4913-89eb-0f3e185bd669",{"id":727,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":729,"slug":24,"properties":730,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":733,"statistic":24},[],{"title":731},{"EN":732},"UMR CNRS 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie-Génétique et Biologie des Populations, Université Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.",[],{"id":735,"sortIndex":144,"affiliation":736,"properties":24},"9a45078f-feaf-448d-9f7d-60e73d38272e",{"id":735,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":737,"slug":24,"properties":738,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":741,"statistic":24},[],{"title":739},{"EN":740},"URA CNRS 258, 46 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France, and Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1K 2R1.",[],{"title":743,"openalex":745},{"EN":744},"Christine Portier",{"VOID":746},"A5068179578",{"id":748,"sortIndex":144,"researcher":24,"roles":749,"affiliations":750,"properties":759},"4e394c12-83be-483c-a8a4-e265d9739669",[],[751],{"id":752,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":753,"properties":24},"c12a53af-5a62-40ab-84df-546bda9b36a9",{"id":752,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":754,"slug":24,"properties":755,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":758,"statistic":24},[],{"title":756},{"VI":757},"Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1",[],{"orcid":760,"title":762,"openalex":764},{"VOID":761},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-2352-3379",{"EN":763},"Marco Festa‐Bianchet",{"VOID":765},"A5040983009",{"id":767,"sortIndex":416,"researcher":24,"roles":768,"affiliations":769,"properties":776},"c1d99af4-fcfb-4616-9d79-f73b6da15d68",[],[770],{"id":727,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":771,"properties":24},{"id":727,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":772,"slug":24,"properties":773,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":775,"statistic":24},[],{"title":774},{"EN":732},[],{"orcid":777,"title":779,"openalex":781},{"VOID":778},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-0174-8451",{"EN":780},"Jean‐Michel Gaillard",{"VOID":782},"A5087026255",{"id":784,"sortIndex":415,"researcher":24,"roles":785,"affiliations":786,"properties":795},"f617454f-8126-4bb2-a670-987c95c2318e",[],[787],{"id":788,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":789,"properties":24},"7fe7f17b-365b-44d3-a0dd-19ad98682913",{"id":788,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":790,"slug":24,"properties":791,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":794,"statistic":24},[],{"title":792},{"EN":793},"Alberta Natural Resources Service, Suite 201, 800 Railway Avenue, Canmore, Alberta, Canada, T1W 1P1",[],{"title":796,"openalex":798},{"EN":797},"Jon T. 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D., 1988, Ecological change in the Uplands, 93",{},{"id":24,"text":890,"url":24,"identifiers":891},"10.2307\u002F4800",{"doi":890},{"id":24,"text":893,"url":24,"identifiers":894},"Agresti A., 1990, Categorical data analysis.",{},{"id":24,"text":896,"url":24,"identifiers":897},"10.2307\u002F1939637",{"doi":896},{"id":24,"text":899,"url":24,"identifiers":900},"10.2307\u002F3808232",{"doi":899},{"id":24,"text":902,"url":24,"identifiers":903},"Bartmann R. M., 1992, Compensatory mortality in a Colorado mule deer population, Wildl. Monogr., 121, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":905,"url":24,"identifiers":906},"10.1093\u002Fbeheco\u002F7.1.60",{"doi":905},{"id":24,"text":908,"url":24,"identifiers":909},"Buries D. W., 1984, Winter mortality of Dall sheep, Ovis dalli dalli, in Kluane National Park, Yukon, Can. Field-Nat., 98, 479, 10.5962\u002Fp.355193",{"doi":910},"10.5962\u002Fp.355193",{"id":24,"text":912,"url":24,"identifiers":913},"10.1007\u002F978-94-011-2868-1_3",{"doi":912},{"id":24,"text":915,"url":24,"identifiers":916},"Burnham K. P., 1987, Design and analysis methods for fish survival experiments based on release‐recapture. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr",{},{"id":24,"text":918,"url":24,"identifiers":919},"10.2307\u002F2532990",{"doi":918},{"id":24,"text":921,"url":24,"identifiers":922},"Caughley G., 1981, Comments on natural regulation of ungulates (what constitutes a real wilderness?), Wildl Soc. Bull., 9, 232",{},{"id":24,"text":924,"url":24,"identifiers":925},"10.1007\u002FBF00388066",{"doi":924},{"id":24,"text":927,"url":24,"identifiers":928},"10.1139\u002Fz78-323",{"doi":927},{"id":24,"text":930,"url":24,"identifiers":931},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4757-4111-7",{"doi":930},{"id":24,"text":933,"url":24,"identifiers":934},"10.2307\u002F4799",{"doi":933},{"id":24,"text":936,"url":24,"identifiers":937},"10.2307\u002F2684400",{"doi":936},{"id":24,"text":939,"url":24,"identifiers":940},"10.2307\u002F3801506",{"doi":939},{"id":24,"text":942,"url":24,"identifiers":943},"10.2307\u002F3801386",{"doi":942},{"id":24,"text":945,"url":24,"identifiers":946},"Efron B., 1978, Regression and ANOVA with zero‐one data: measures of residual variation, J. Am. Statist. Assoc., 73, 113, 10.1080\u002F01621459.1978.10480013",{"doi":947},"10.1080\u002F01621459.1978.10480013",{"id":24,"text":949,"url":24,"identifiers":950},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1988.tb03764.x",{"doi":949},{"id":24,"text":952,"url":24,"identifiers":953},"10.1016\u002FS0003-3472(88)80215-X",{"doi":952},{"id":24,"text":955,"url":24,"identifiers":956},"Festa‐Bianchet M., 1988, A pneumonia epizootic in bighorn sheep, with comments on preventive management, Biennial Symposium of the Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council, 66",{},{"id":24,"text":958,"url":24,"identifiers":959},"10.1007\u002FBF00776423",{"doi":958},{"id":24,"text":961,"url":24,"identifiers":962},"10.1093\u002Fbeheco\u002F9.2.144",{"doi":961},{"id":24,"text":964,"url":24,"identifiers":965},"10.1139\u002Fz97-763",{"doi":964},{"id":24,"text":967,"url":24,"identifiers":968},"10.1139\u002Fz95-158",{"doi":967},{"id":24,"text":970,"url":24,"identifiers":971},"10.1007\u002FBF00328615",{"doi":970},{"id":24,"text":973,"url":24,"identifiers":974},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4757-9909-5_10",{"doi":973},{"id":24,"text":976,"url":24,"identifiers":977},"Fowler C. W., 1981, Dynamics of large mammals populations.",{},{"id":24,"text":979,"url":24,"identifiers":980},"10.2307\u002F3802036",{"doi":979},{"id":24,"text":982,"url":24,"identifiers":983},"10.2307\u002F5396",{"doi":982},{"id":24,"text":985,"url":24,"identifiers":986},"Geist V., 1971, Mountain sheep.",{},{"id":24,"text":988,"url":24,"identifiers":989},"10.2307\u002F3809142",{"doi":988},{"id":24,"text":991,"url":24,"identifiers":992},"10.1139\u002Fz89-157",{"doi":991},{"id":24,"text":994,"url":24,"identifiers":995},"10.2307\u002F2389890",{"doi":994},{"id":24,"text":997,"url":24,"identifiers":998},"10.14430\u002Farctic2179",{"doi":997},{"id":24,"text":1000,"url":24,"identifiers":1001},"10.1890\u002F0012-9658(1997)078[1019:EOASDA]2.0.CO;2",{"doi":1000},{"id":24,"text":1003,"url":24,"identifiers":1004},"10.1139\u002Fz93-344",{"doi":1003},{"id":24,"text":1006,"url":24,"identifiers":1007},"10.2307\u002F3809267",{"doi":1006},{"id":24,"text":1009,"url":24,"identifiers":1010},"10.2307\u002F3808011",{"doi":1009},{"id":24,"text":1012,"url":24,"identifiers":1013},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1097-0258(19961015)15:19\u003C1987::AID-SIM318>3.0.CO;2-9",{"doi":1012},{"id":24,"text":1015,"url":24,"identifiers":1016},"10.2307\u002F5021",{"doi":1015},{"id":24,"text":1018,"url":24,"identifiers":1019},"10.2307\u002F2405052",{"doi":1018},{"id":24,"text":1021,"url":24,"identifiers":1022},"10.1139\u002Fz97-098",{"doi":1021},{"id":24,"text":1024,"url":24,"identifiers":1025},"10.2307\u002F3808049",{"doi":1024},{"id":24,"text":1027,"url":24,"identifiers":1028},"Selvin S., 1996, Statistical analysis of epidemiologic data.",{},{"id":24,"text":1030,"url":24,"identifiers":1031},"Sinclair A. R. E., 1977, The African buffalo.",{},{"id":24,"text":1033,"url":24,"identifiers":1034},"Sinclair A. R. E., 1989, Ecological concepts, 197",{},{"id":24,"text":1036,"url":24,"identifiers":1037},"Statistical Sciences, 1995, S‐plus guide to statistical and mathematical analysis, version 3.3.",{},{"id":24,"text":1039,"url":24,"identifiers":1040},"Strong D. R., 1984, A new ecology.",{},{"id":24,"text":1042,"url":24,"identifiers":1043},"10.2307\u002F3801700",{"doi":1042},{"id":24,"text":1045,"url":24,"identifiers":1046},"10.2307\u002F3799992",{"doi":1045},{"id":24,"text":1048,"url":24,"identifiers":1049},"Walkden‐Brown S. W., 1994, Seasonal variation in voluntary feed intake and growth in Cashmere bucks fed ad libitum diets of low or high quality, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 45, 355",{},{"id":1051,"createTime":1052,"updateTime":1053,"relativeEntities":1054,"slug":1055,"properties":1056,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":1052,"verifyNote":116,"languages":1071,"translateLanguages":1072,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1073,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1074,"publicationType":162,"publisherRelationship":1092,"citationCount":1142,"citationInfo":1143,"publishDate":1148,"publishYear":1144,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1149,"openAccess":24,"references":1150,"isForceReanalyzing":322},"c1260c8f-4c43-488f-86cc-e6cbd3db00ed","2024-10-12T14:19:41.160+00:00","2025-02-06T12:37:16.659+00:00",[],"Ultrasound-and-mating-behaviour-in-rodents-with-some-observations-on-other-behavioural-situations",{"openalex":1057,"mag":1059,"abstract":1061,"title":1064,"keywords":1067,"doi":1069},{"VOID":1058},"W2013545920",{"VOID":1060},"2013545920",{"EN":1062,"VI":1063},"\u003Cjats:p>Ultrasounds have been detected during mating behaviour in all 11 species of myomorph rodents in which this behaviour has been observed. The signals produced by each of the species studied are described. In all species except hamsters, these signals appear to be produced by the male. Ultrasounds have also been detected from rodents in other situations such as during and after disturbance and when placed in new surroundings. The possible significance of these ultrasonic signals in the lives of rodents is discussed.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:p>Siêu âm đã được phát hiện trong hành vi giao phối ở tất cả 11 loài động vật gặm nhấm myomorph mà hành vi này đã được quan sát. Các tín hiệu được tạo ra bởi mỗi loài đã được nghiên cứu và mô tả. Ở tất cả các loài trừ chuột đồng, các tín hiệu này có vẻ được phát ra bởi con đực. Siêu âm cũng đã được phát hiện ở động vật gặm nhấm trong các tình huống khác như trong và sau khi bị quấy rối và khi được đặt vào môi trường mới. Ý nghĩa tiềm năng của các tín hiệu siêu âm này trong cuộc sống của động vật gặm nhấm cũng được thảo luận.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1065,"VI":1066},"Ultrasound and mating behaviour in rodents with some observations on other behavioural situations","Siêu âm và hành vi giao phối ở động vật gặm nhấm với một số quan sát về các tình huống hành vi khác",{"VI":1068},"",{"VOID":1070},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1972.tb01345.x",[118],[719],"https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1972.tb01345.x",[1075],{"id":1076,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1077,"affiliations":1078,"properties":1087},"b1445dd6-14b6-4b8a-8235-bba0858fad36",[],[1079],{"id":1080,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1081,"properties":24},"b7e5489a-421c-4058-97a6-9381641cc1fc",{"id":1080,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1082,"slug":24,"properties":1083,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1086,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1084},{"EN":1085},"Department of Zoology, University of London King's College, Strand, London",[],{"title":1088,"openalex":1090},{"EN":1089},"Gillian D. Sales",{"VOID":1091},"A5010662072",{"url":24,"publisher":1093,"properties":1135},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1094,"slug":10,"properties":1095,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1100,"manageAffiliations":1109,"indexDatabases":1120,"url":90,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1096,"eissn":1097,"issn":1098,"title":1099},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1101,1105],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1102,"label":1103,"description":1104,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1106,"label":1107,"description":1108,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":37},{},[1110,1115],{"id":41,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1111,"slug":24,"properties":1112,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1114,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1113},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1116,"slug":24,"properties":1117,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1119,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1118},{"EN":52},[],[1121,1128],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":1122,"url":67,"indexYears":68,"academicFieldIds":1127,"indexDatabaseRanking":72},{"id":58,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1123,"label":1124,"description":1125,"key":64,"publicationTags":1126,"standard":24},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":61,"VI":63},[66],[70,71],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":1129,"url":87,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1134,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":76,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1130,"label":1131,"description":1132,"key":83,"publicationTags":1133,"standard":24},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":81,"VI":82},[85,86],[89],{"issue":1136,"pages":1138,"volume":1140},{"VOID":1137},"2",{"VOID":1139},"149-164",{"VOID":1141},"168",242,{"total":1142,"publishYear":1144,"statisticByYear":1145},1972,{"2012":567,"2013":567,"2014":567,"2015":1146,"2016":567,"2017":567,"2018":1147,"2019":565,"2020":882,"2021":881,"2022":881,"2023":880,"2024":882},12,11,"1972-10-01",[85,72],[1151,1154,1157,1160,1163,1166,1169,1172,1175,1178,1181,1184,1187,1190,1193,1196,1199,1202,1205],{"id":24,"text":1152,"url":24,"identifiers":1153},"10.1177\u002F000348946307200119",{"doi":1152},{"id":24,"text":1155,"url":24,"identifiers":1156},"10.4098\u002FAT.arch.63-10",{"doi":1155},{"id":24,"text":1158,"url":24,"identifiers":1159},"Bailey M. T. J., 1959, Statistical methods in biology.",{},{"id":24,"text":1161,"url":24,"identifiers":1162},"10.1038\u002F228576a0",{"doi":1161},{"id":24,"text":1164,"url":24,"identifiers":1165},"Brown A. M., 1971, High frequency responsiveness in rodents at the level of the inferior colliculus, Nature, Lond., 232, 233",{},{"id":24,"text":1167,"url":24,"identifiers":1168},"Brown A.M.(1971b).Auditory responses to high frequencies in small mammals. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis Univ. Lond.",{},{"id":24,"text":1170,"url":24,"identifiers":1171},"Busnel R.‐G., 1963, Acoustic behaviour of animals.",{},{"id":24,"text":1173,"url":24,"identifiers":1174},"10.1163\u002F156853963X00194",{"doi":1173},{"id":24,"text":1176,"url":24,"identifiers":1177},"Noirot E., 1965, Ultrasons et comportements maternels chez les petits rongeurs, Annls Soc. r. zool. Belg., 95, 47",{},{"id":24,"text":1179,"url":24,"identifiers":1180},"10.1016\u002FS0003-3472(66)80045-3",{"doi":1179},{"id":24,"text":1182,"url":24,"identifiers":1183},"10.1016\u002F0003-3472(69)90020-7",{"doi":1182},{"id":24,"text":1185,"url":24,"identifiers":1186},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1970.tb01283.x",{"doi":1185},{"id":24,"text":1188,"url":24,"identifiers":1189},"Sales G. D.(née Sewell) (in press). Ultrasound and aggressive behaviour in rats and other small mammals.Anim. Behav..",{},{"id":24,"text":1191,"url":24,"identifiers":1192},"10.1038\u002F215512a0",{"doi":1191},{"id":24,"text":1194,"url":24,"identifiers":1195},"10.1038\u002F217682a0",{"doi":1194},{"id":24,"text":1197,"url":24,"identifiers":1198},"Sewell G. D.(1969).Ultrasound in small mammals.Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis Univ. Lond.",{},{"id":24,"text":1200,"url":24,"identifiers":1201},"10.1016\u002F0041-624X(70)90795-X",{"doi":1200},{"id":24,"text":1203,"url":24,"identifiers":1204},"Whitney G., 1971, Possible social function of ultrasounds produced by adult mice (Mus musculus), Am. Zool., 11, 634",{},{"id":24,"text":1206,"url":24,"identifiers":1207},"10.1086\u002F394625",{"doi":1206},{"id":1209,"createTime":1210,"updateTime":1211,"relativeEntities":1212,"slug":1213,"properties":1214,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":1210,"verifyNote":116,"languages":1228,"translateLanguages":1229,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1230,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1231,"publicationType":162,"publisherRelationship":1327,"citationCount":1376,"citationInfo":1377,"publishDate":1385,"publishYear":563,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1386,"openAccess":24,"references":1387,"isForceReanalyzing":322},"99259b0b-ff10-4448-8cb3-e0f75316507a","2024-10-03T23:03:50.683+00:00","2025-02-06T12:36:21.667+00:00",[],"On-the-origin-of-faeces-morphological-i-versus-i-molecular-methods-for-surveying-rare-carnivores-from-their-scats",{"openalex":1215,"mag":1217,"abstract":1219,"title":1222,"keywords":1225,"doi":1226},{"VOID":1216},"W2168115046",{"VOID":1218},"2168115046",{"EN":1220,"VI":1221},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Charismatic mammals remain a linchpin in attracting publicity and funds for the conservation of native habitats and organisms. Unfortunately, the same animals are frequently scarce and difficult to survey. For many, confirming their presence through faecal surveys is the only cost‐effective approach. Here we show that, contrary to received opinion, expert naturalists fail reliably to distinguish pine marten \u003Cjats:italic>Martes martes\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> faeces (‘scats’) from those of foxes \u003Cjats:italic>Vulpes vulpes\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. Moreover, their judgement fails completely when the animals and their scats are at their most scarce. This unexpected result from such a well‐studied species has important implications for the monitoring of endangered mammals. We recommend that in the future, a multi‐evidence approach should be adopted to monitor elusive mammals, involving DNA methods, cast hair identification, camera traps, and non‐leading ‘sighting’ questionaires. For national surveys, it may soon become cost‐effective to screen large numbers of samples using microarray technology.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>Tóm tắt\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Các loài động vật có vú thu hút sự quan tâm giữ vai trò quan trọng trong việc thu hút truyền thông và nguồn lực cho công tác bảo tồn các sinh cảnh và sinh vật bản địa. Thật không may, những loài động vật này thường hiếm và khó khảo sát. Đối với nhiều loài, việc xác nhận sự hiện diện của chúng thông qua khảo sát phân là phương pháp duy nhất hiệu quả về chi phí. Ở đây, chúng tôi chỉ ra rằng, trái với quan niệm trước đây, những nhà tự nhiên học chuyên nghiệp không phân biệt chính xác phân của loài chồn cây \u003Cjats:italic>Martes martes\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> (‘phân’) với phân của chó sói \u003Cjats:italic>Vulpes vulpes\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. Hơn nữa, phán đoán của họ hoàn toàn thất bại khi số lượng động vật và phân của chúng ở mức thấp nhất. Kết quả bất ngờ này từ một loài đã được nghiên cứu kỹ lưỡng có những tác động quan trọng đối với việc giám sát các loài động vật có vú đang nguy cấp. Chúng tôi đề xuất trong tương lai, nên áp dụng một phương pháp đa bằng chứng để giám sát các loài động vật bí ẩn, bao gồm các phương pháp DNA, xác định lông, bẫy camera, và bảng hỏi ‘nhìn thấy’ không dẫn dắt. Đối với các cuộc khảo sát quốc gia, có thể sớm trở thành hiệu quả về chi phí khi sàng lọc một số lượng lớn mẫu bằng công nghệ vi thể.",{"EN":1223,"VI":1224},"On the origin of faeces: morphological \u003Ci>versus\u003C\u002Fi> molecular methods for surveying rare carnivores from their scats","Về nguồn gốc của phân: phương pháp hình thái \u003Ci>so với\u003C\u002Fi> phương pháp phân tử để khảo sát các loài ăn thịt hiếm từ phân của chúng",{"VI":1068},{"VOID":1227},"10.1017\u002Fs0952836902000730",[118],[719],"https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1017\u002FS0952836902000730",[1232,1259,1274,1295,1312],{"id":1233,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1234,"affiliations":1235,"properties":1252},"cddd7a8a-fcc2-4c3e-b0f9-ae250f919407",[],[1236,1244],{"id":1237,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1238,"properties":24},"a065a7b3-0b85-4763-bee6-82a9d4aadb85",{"id":1237,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1239,"slug":24,"properties":1240,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1243,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1241},{"EN":1242},"Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.",[],{"id":1245,"sortIndex":144,"affiliation":1246,"properties":24},"70fa73be-1482-42b3-9734-ea7077af7f77",{"id":1245,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1247,"slug":24,"properties":1248,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1251,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1249},{"EN":1250},"The Vincent Wildlife Trust, 3\u002F4 Bronsil Courtyard, Eastnor, Ledbury, Herefordshire HR8 1EP, U.K.",[],{"orcid":1253,"title":1255,"openalex":1257},{"VOID":1254},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2554-8585",{"EN":1256},"Angus Davison",{"VOID":1258},"A5087709113",{"id":1260,"sortIndex":144,"researcher":24,"roles":1261,"affiliations":1262,"properties":1269},"28b27669-ff7a-4134-9ac2-472e603edc64",[],[1263],{"id":1245,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1264,"properties":24},{"id":1245,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1265,"slug":24,"properties":1266,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1268,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1267},{"EN":1250},[],{"title":1270,"openalex":1272},{"EN":1271},"Johnny Birks",{"VOID":1273},"A5008887890",{"id":1275,"sortIndex":416,"researcher":24,"roles":1276,"affiliations":1277,"properties":1290},"40b907e5-fdd7-4c26-9e72-a475157cc87b",[],[1278,1284],{"id":1237,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1279,"properties":24},{"id":1237,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1280,"slug":24,"properties":1281,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1283,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1282},{"EN":1242},[],{"id":1245,"sortIndex":144,"affiliation":1285,"properties":24},{"id":1245,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1286,"slug":24,"properties":1287,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1289,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1288},{"EN":1250},[],{"title":1291,"openalex":1293},{"EN":1292},"Rachael C. Brookes",{"VOID":1294},"A5050888501",{"id":1296,"sortIndex":415,"researcher":24,"roles":1297,"affiliations":1298,"properties":1307},"8919f25a-14b0-436a-a9b9-8d7d36718e85",[],[1299],{"id":1300,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1301,"properties":24},"11c83a1b-58d2-452e-bb50-9b7b35103df5",{"id":1300,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1302,"slug":24,"properties":1303,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1306,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1304},{"EN":1305},"Nant-y-Llyn, Ffarmers, Llanwrda, Carmarthenshire SA19 8PX, U.K.",[],{"title":1308,"openalex":1310},{"EN":1309},"Tony Braithwaite",{"VOID":1311},"A5072663579",{"id":1313,"sortIndex":565,"researcher":24,"roles":1314,"affiliations":1315,"properties":1322},"548a93b9-32f7-486c-be10-1dce5f719cd3",[],[1316],{"id":1245,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1317,"properties":24},{"id":1245,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1318,"slug":24,"properties":1319,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1321,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1320},{"EN":1250},[],{"title":1323,"openalex":1325},{"EN":1324},"John Messenger",{"VOID":1326},"A5050303062",{"url":24,"publisher":1328,"properties":1370},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1329,"slug":10,"properties":1330,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1335,"manageAffiliations":1344,"indexDatabases":1355,"url":90,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1331,"eissn":1332,"issn":1333,"title":1334},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1336,1340],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1337,"label":1338,"description":1339,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1341,"label":1342,"description":1343,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":37},{},[1345,1350],{"id":41,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1346,"slug":24,"properties":1347,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1349,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1348},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1351,"slug":24,"properties":1352,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1354,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1353},{"EN":52},[],[1356,1363],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":1357,"url":67,"indexYears":68,"academicFieldIds":1362,"indexDatabaseRanking":72},{"id":58,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1358,"label":1359,"description":1360,"key":64,"publicationTags":1361,"standard":24},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":61,"VI":63},[66],[70,71],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":1364,"url":87,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1369,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":76,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1365,"label":1366,"description":1367,"key":83,"publicationTags":1368,"standard":24},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":81,"VI":82},[85,86],[89],{"issue":1371,"pages":1372,"volume":1374},{"VOID":1137},{"VOID":1373},"141-143",{"VOID":1375},"257",249,{"total":1376,"publishYear":563,"statisticByYear":1378},{"2012":1379,"2013":1380,"2014":1381,"2015":1382,"2016":1383,"2017":881,"2018":1146,"2019":880,"2020":1384,"2021":1146,"2022":415,"2023":144,"2024":879},14,15,16,19,17,13,"2002-06-01",[85,72],[1388,1391,1394,1397,1400,1403,1406,1409,1412,1415,1418,1421,1424,1427,1430],{"id":24,"text":1389,"url":24,"identifiers":1390},"Anon, 1995, IUCN\u002FSSC guidelines for re‐introductions",{},{"id":24,"text":1392,"url":24,"identifiers":1393},"Bright P., 2000, Public consultation document on the return of the pine marten to England",{},{"id":24,"text":1395,"url":24,"identifiers":1396},"10.1046\u002Fj.1365-294x.2000.01037.x",{"doi":1395},{"id":24,"text":1398,"url":24,"identifiers":1399},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1999.0762",{"doi":1398},{"id":24,"text":1401,"url":24,"identifiers":1402},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1999.tb00981.x",{"doi":1401},{"id":24,"text":1404,"url":24,"identifiers":1405},"10.1098\u002Frspb.1999.0686",{"doi":1404},{"id":24,"text":1407,"url":24,"identifiers":1408},"Lawrence M. J., 1967, Mammals of Britain, their tracks, trails and signs",{},{"id":24,"text":1410,"url":24,"identifiers":1411},"Messenger J. E., 2000, Mustelids in a modern world. Management and conservation aspects of small carnivore: human interactions, 217",{},{"id":24,"text":1413,"url":24,"identifiers":1414},"10.2307\u002F3802989",{"doi":1413},{"id":24,"text":1416,"url":24,"identifiers":1417},"Murphy M. A., 2000, Quantitative evaluation of fecal drying methods for brown bear DNA analysis, Wildl. Soc. Bull., 28, 951",{},{"id":24,"text":1419,"url":24,"identifiers":1420},"10.1017\u002FS0952836901000334",{"doi":1419},{"id":24,"text":1422,"url":24,"identifiers":1423},"10.1046\u002Fj.1365-294x.2000.00993.x",{"doi":1422},{"id":24,"text":1425,"url":24,"identifiers":1426},"Strachan R., 1996, Pine marten survey of England and Wales 1987–1988",{},{"id":24,"text":1428,"url":24,"identifiers":1429},"Teerinck B. J., 1991, Hair of west European mammals: atlas and identification key",{},{"id":24,"text":1431,"url":24,"identifiers":1432},"Woods J. G., 1999, Genetic tagging of free‐ranging black and brown bears, Wildl. Soc. Bull., 27, 616",{},{"id":1434,"createTime":1435,"updateTime":1436,"relativeEntities":1437,"slug":1438,"properties":1439,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":1453,"verifyNote":116,"languages":1454,"translateLanguages":1455,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1456,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1457,"publicationType":162,"publisherRelationship":1496,"citationCount":1545,"citationInfo":1546,"publishDate":1550,"publishYear":1547,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1551,"openAccess":24,"references":1552,"isForceReanalyzing":322},"9ac5229c-7da2-4684-8ddc-478ce64b06bf","2024-10-04T21:39:59.666+00:00","2025-02-06T12:35:25.335+00:00",[],"Does-metatarsal-femur-ratio-predict-maximal-running-speed-in-cursorial-mammals-",{"openalex":1440,"mag":1442,"abstract":1444,"title":1447,"keywords":1450,"doi":1451},{"VOID":1441},"W2141774632",{"VOID":1443},"2141774632",{"EN":1445,"VI":1446},"\u003Cjats:p>We tested the hypothesis that hind limb proportions may be used to predict locomotor performance in a sample of 49 species of primarily cursorial mamals. Data on maximal sprint running speeds taken from published sources were related to measurements of hind limb lengths. To control for statistical complications due to the hierarchical nature of phylogenetic relationships, we used Felsenstein's (1985) independent contrasts method for analysing comparative data, and a composite phylogeny for all 49 species, based on a variety of published sources. The independent contrasts method indicates that maximal running speed does not covary significantly with body mass for this sample of mammals (mass range= 2.5–2,000 kg). Even though quality of the available speed data is highly variable, both metatarsal\u002Ffemur ratio—the traditional index of ‘cursoriality’ in mammals—and hind limb length (corrected for body size) are significant predictors of maximal running speed. When only fully curorial species are included in the analyses (n = 32), hind limb length still significantly predicts speed (r\u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>= 16%), but MT\u002FF ratio does not. Although ungulates tend to have larger MT\u002FF ratios than do Carnivora, they are not generally faster; relatonships between speed and limb proportions within the two clades show no significant differences. These and previous results suggest that hind limb proportions and maximal running speed may not have evolved in a tightly coupled fashion. Prediction of locomotor performance of extinct forms, based solely on their limb proportions, should be undertaken with caution.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:p>Chúng tôi đã kiểm tra giả thuyết rằng tỷ lệ các chi sau có thể được sử dụng để dự đoán hiệu suất di chuyển ở một mẫu gồm 49 loài động vật có vú chủ yếu là động vật có chân chạy. Dữ liệu về tốc độ chạy nước rút tối đa được lấy từ các nguồn công bố đã được liên kết với các số đo về chiều dài chi sau. Để kiểm soát các rắc rối thống kê do tính chất phân cấp của mối quan hệ phát sinh loài, chúng tôi đã sử dụng phương pháp tương phản độc lập của Felsenstein (1985) để phân tích dữ liệu so sánh, và một cây phát sinh tổng hợp cho tất cả 49 loài, dựa trên nhiều nguồn công bố khác nhau. Phương pháp tương phản độc lập chỉ ra rằng tốc độ chạy tối đa không có sự biến đổi đáng kể với khối lượng cơ thể cho mẫu động vật có vú này (dải khối lượng = 2.5–2,000 kg). Mặc dù chất lượng của dữ liệu tốc độ có sẵn là rất đa dạng, cả tỷ lệ giữa xương bàn chân\u002Fxương đùi - chỉ số truyền thống về 'đặc tính chạy' ở động vật có vú - và chiều dài chi sau (được điều chỉnh theo kích thước cơ thể) đều là những dự đoán đáng kể về tốc độ chạy tối đa. Khi chỉ bao gồm các loài hoàn toàn có chân chạy trong các phân tích (n = 32), chiều dài chi sau vẫn dự đoán đáng kể tốc độ (r\u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>= 16%), nhưng tỷ lệ MT\u002FF thì không. Mặc dù động vật không có móng guốc có xu hướng có tỷ lệ MT\u002FF lớn hơn so với Carnivora, xét chung thì chúng không nhanh hơn; các mối quan hệ giữa tốc độ và tỷ lệ chi trong hai nhóm này không cho thấy sự khác biệt đáng kể. Những kết quả này và các kết quả trước đó gợi ý rằng tỷ lệ chi sau và tốc độ chạy tối đa có thể không tiến hóa theo cách rất chặt chẽ. Việc dự đoán hiệu suất di chuyển của các hình thức đã tuyệt chủng, chỉ dựa trên tỷ lệ chi của chúng, nên được thực hiện với sự thận trọng.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1448,"VI":1449},"Does metatarsal\u002Ffemur ratio predict maximal running speed in cursorial mammals?","Tỷ lệ giữa xương bàn chân và xương đùi có dự đoán được tốc độ chạy tối đa ở động vật có chân chạy?",{"VI":1068},{"VOID":1452},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1993.tb02626.x","2024-10-04T21:39:59.665+00:00",[118],[719],"https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1993.tb02626.x",[1458,1477],{"id":1459,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1460,"affiliations":1461,"properties":1470},"ac4fa356-7e02-47c6-a968-4f4d04d2d6aa",[],[1462],{"id":1463,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1464,"properties":24},"1c50866e-20dd-4a12-bf94-32f4bb143f9a",{"id":1463,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1465,"slug":24,"properties":1466,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1469,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1467},{"EN":1468},"Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, W1 53706, USA",[],{"orcid":1471,"title":1473,"openalex":1475},{"VOID":1472},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-7916-3552",{"EN":1474},"Theodore Garland",{"VOID":1476},"A5019388483",{"id":1478,"sortIndex":144,"researcher":24,"roles":1479,"affiliations":1480,"properties":1489},"e586542d-977d-479b-8cc0-8d0b3b1f1d06",[],[1481],{"id":1482,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1483,"properties":24},"5dc51881-db1c-447a-9e51-1aa0aa03a10f",{"id":1482,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1484,"slug":24,"properties":1485,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1488,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1486},{"EN":1487},"Program in Ecolgy and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA",[],{"orcid":1490,"title":1492,"openalex":1494},{"VOID":1491},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-2308-0520",{"EN":1493},"Christine M. Janis",{"VOID":1495},"A5087297431",{"url":24,"publisher":1497,"properties":1539},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1498,"slug":10,"properties":1499,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1504,"manageAffiliations":1513,"indexDatabases":1524,"url":90,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1500,"eissn":1501,"issn":1502,"title":1503},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1505,1509],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1506,"label":1507,"description":1508,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1510,"label":1511,"description":1512,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":37},{},[1514,1519],{"id":41,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1515,"slug":24,"properties":1516,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1518,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1517},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1520,"slug":24,"properties":1521,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1523,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1522},{"EN":52},[],[1525,1532],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":1526,"url":67,"indexYears":68,"academicFieldIds":1531,"indexDatabaseRanking":72},{"id":58,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1527,"label":1528,"description":1529,"key":64,"publicationTags":1530,"standard":24},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":61,"VI":63},[66],[70,71],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":1533,"url":87,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1538,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":76,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1534,"label":1535,"description":1536,"key":83,"publicationTags":1537,"standard":24},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":81,"VI":82},[85,86],[89],{"issue":1540,"pages":1541,"volume":1543},{"VOID":208},{"VOID":1542},"133-151",{"VOID":1544},"229",279,{"total":1545,"publishYear":1547,"statisticByYear":1548},1993,{"2012":1379,"2013":880,"2014":1380,"2015":567,"2016":880,"2017":879,"2018":567,"2019":1549,"2020":880,"2021":880,"2022":566,"2023":881,"2024":567},26,"1993-01-01",[85,72],[1553,1556,1559,1562,1565,1568,1571,1574,1577,1580,1583,1586,1589,1592,1595,1598,1601,1604,1607,1610,1613,1616,1620,1623,1626,1629,1632,1635,1638,1642,1645,1648,1651,1655,1658,1661,1664,1668,1671,1674,1678,1682,1685,1688,1691,1694,1697,1700,1703,1706,1709,1712,1715,1719,1723,1727,1731,1734,1737,1740,1743,1747,1750,1753,1756,1759,1762,1765,1768,1771,1774,1778,1781,1784,1788,1791,1795,1798],{"id":24,"text":1554,"url":24,"identifiers":1555},"Alexander R. 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Ital, (Suppl, 74",{},{"id":24,"text":1772,"url":24,"identifiers":1773},"SPSS Inc., 1989, SPSS\u002FPC + Update for V 3.0 and V 3.1 for the IBM PC\u002FXT\u002FAT and PS\u002F2",{},{"id":24,"text":1775,"url":24,"identifiers":1776},"Steudel K. L., 1990, The work and energetic cost of locomotion. I. The effects of limb mass distributin in quardrupeds, J. exp. Biol, 154, 273, 10.1242\u002Fjeb.154.1.273",{"doi":1777},"10.1242\u002Fjeb.154.1.273",{"id":24,"text":1779,"url":24,"identifiers":1780},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1990.tb04006.x",{"doi":1779},{"id":24,"text":1782,"url":24,"identifiers":1783},"10.1016\u002F0034-5687(81)90075-X",{"doi":1782},{"id":24,"text":1785,"url":24,"identifiers":1786},"Taylor M. E., 1989, Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution:, 382, 10.1007\u002F978-1-4757-4716-4_15",{"doi":1787},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4757-4716-4_15",{"id":24,"text":1789,"url":24,"identifiers":1790},"10.1080\u002F02724634.1987.10011651",{"doi":1789},{"id":24,"text":1792,"url":24,"identifiers":1793},"Wayne R. K., 1989, Carnivore behaviour, ecolog, and evolutin:, 465, 10.1007\u002F978-1-4757-4716-4_18",{"doi":1794},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4757-4716-4_18",{"id":24,"text":1796,"url":24,"identifiers":1797},"Wilhelm P. B., 1990, Prediction of predatory behavior of fossil taxa using total limb morphology, J. Vert. Paleont. (Suppl.), 10",{},{"id":24,"text":1799,"url":24,"identifiers":1800},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4613-0855-3_19",{"doi":1799},{"id":1802,"createTime":1803,"updateTime":1804,"relativeEntities":1805,"slug":1806,"properties":1807,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":1803,"verifyNote":116,"languages":1821,"translateLanguages":1822,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1823,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1824,"publicationType":162,"publisherRelationship":1878,"citationCount":1926,"citationInfo":1927,"publishDate":1930,"publishYear":563,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1931,"openAccess":24,"references":1932,"isForceReanalyzing":322},"d29df65a-34b3-4a7a-98fc-2d104a7ac80f","2024-08-31T10:16:59.319+00:00","2025-02-06T12:34:27.271+00:00",[],"Behavioural-responses-of-killer-whales-i-Orcinus-orca-i-to-whale-watching-boats-opportunistic-observations-and-experimental-approaches",{"openalex":1808,"mag":1810,"abstract":1812,"title":1815,"keywords":1818,"doi":1819},{"VOID":1809},"W2141629596",{"VOID":1811},"2141629596",{"EN":1813,"VI":1814},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Johnstone Strait provides important summer habitat for the northern resident killer whales \u003Cjats:italic>Orcinus orca\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> of British Columbia. The site is also an active whale‐watching area. A voluntary code of conduct requests that boats do not approach whales closer than 100 m to address perceived, rather than demonstrated, effects of boat traffic on killer whales. The purpose of the study was to test the relevance of this distance guideline. Relationships between boat traffic and whale behaviour were studied in 1995 and 1996 by shore‐based theodolite tracking of 25 identifiable focal animals from the population of 209 whales. Individual killer whales were repeatedly tracked in the absence of boats and during approaches by a 5.2 m motorboat that paralleled each whale at 100 m. In addition, whales were tracked opportunistically, when no effort was made to manipulate boat traffic. Dive times, swim speeds, and surface‐active behaviours such as breaching and spy‐hopping were recorded. On average, male killer whales swam significantly faster than females. Whales responded to experimental approaches by adopting a less predictable path than observed during the preceding, no‐boat period, although males and females used subtly different avoidance tactics. Females responded by swimming faster and increasing the angle between successive dives, whereas males maintained their speed and chose a smooth, but less direct, path. Canonical correlations between whale behaviour and vessel proximity are consistent with these conclusions, which suggest that weakening whale‐watching guidelines, or not enforcing them, would result in higher levels of disturbance. High variability in whale behaviour underscores the importance of large sample size and extensive experimentation when assessing the impacts of human activity on killer whales.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>Tóm tắt\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Vịnh Johnstone cung cấp môi trường sống quan trọng vào mùa hè cho cá voi sát thủ cư trú phía bắc \u003Cjats:italic>Orcinus orca\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> của British Columbia. Khu vực này cũng là một vùng quan sát cá voi tích cực. Một bộ quy tắc ứng xử tự nguyện đề xuất rằng các tàu không tiếp cận cá voi gần hơn 100 m nhằm giải quyết các tác động nhận thức, thay vì được chứng minh, của giao thông tàu thuyền đối với cá voi sát thủ. Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là kiểm tra tính liên quan của hướng dẫn khoảng cách này. Các mối quan hệ giữa giao thông tàu thuyền và hành vi của cá voi đã được nghiên cứu vào năm 1995 và 1996 bằng cách theo dõi bằng máy lập phương cột từ bờ biển 25 cá thể trọng tâm có thể xác định được từ tổng số 209 cá voi. Các cá thể cá voi sát thủ đã được theo dõi nhiều lần trong tình trạng không có tàu và trong các lần tiếp cận bởi một tàu motor 5.2 m song song với mỗi cá voi ở khoảng cách 100 m. Thêm vào đó, cá voi cũng được theo dõi một cách ngẫu nhiên, khi không có nỗ lực nào được thực hiện để điều chỉnh giao thông tàu thuyền. Thời gian lặn, tốc độ bơi, và các hành vi hoạt động trên bề mặt như nhảy khỏi nước và hóng gió đã được ghi lại. Trung bình, cá voi sát thủ đực bơi nhanh hơn đáng kể so với cá voi cái. Cá voi phản ứng với các cuộc tiếp cận thử nghiệm bằng cách chấp nhận một lộ trình khó đoán hơn so với giai đoạn trước đó không có tàu, mặc dù cá voi đực và cái sử dụng các chiến thuật tránh né hơi khác nhau. Females responded by swimming faster and increasing the angle between successive dives, whereas males maintained their speed and chose a smooth, but less direct, path. Các tương quan chính quy giữa hành vi của cá voi và khoảng cách đến tàu phù hợp với những kết luận này, cho thấy rằng việc nới lỏng các quy tắc quan sát cá voi, hoặc không thực thi chúng, sẽ dẫn đến mức độ làm phiền cao hơn. Sự biến động cao trong hành vi của cá voi nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của kích thước mẫu lớn và các thử nghiệm toàn diện khi đánh giá các tác động của hoạt động con người đối với cá voi sát thủ.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1816,"VI":1817},"Behavioural responses of killer whales (\u003Ci>Orcinus orca\u003C\u002Fi>) to whale‐watching boats: opportunistic observations and experimental approaches","Phản ứng hành vi của cá voi sát thủ (\u003Ci>Orcinus orca\u003C\u002Fi>) đối với tàu quan sát cá voi: quan sát ngẫu nhiên và các thử nghiệm thực nghiệm",{"VI":1068},{"VOID":1820},"10.1017\u002Fs0952836902000298",[118],[719],"https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1017\u002FS0952836902000298",[1825,1844,1861],{"id":1826,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1827,"affiliations":1828,"properties":1837},"aa342dac-6a2c-454b-a8e2-be7971ec3219",[],[1829],{"id":1830,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1831,"properties":24},"e28a4f80-fa68-4a27-a637-31bf60c4c7d6",{"id":1830,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1832,"slug":24,"properties":1833,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1836,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1834},{"EN":1835},"Department of Zoology and Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 6248 Biological Sciences Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada",[],{"orcid":1838,"title":1840,"openalex":1842},{"VOID":1839},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-7496-453X",{"EN":1841},"Rob Williams",{"VOID":1843},"A5089085496",{"id":1845,"sortIndex":144,"researcher":24,"roles":1846,"affiliations":1847,"properties":1854},"c75ccb6b-90cd-4527-8f72-7a6817cec211",[],[1848],{"id":1830,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1849,"properties":24},{"id":1830,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1850,"slug":24,"properties":1851,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1853,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1852},{"EN":1835},[],{"orcid":1855,"title":1857,"openalex":1859},{"VOID":1856},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-0342-5322",{"EN":1858},"Andrew W. Trites",{"VOID":1860},"A5015232509",{"id":1862,"sortIndex":416,"researcher":24,"roles":1863,"affiliations":1864,"properties":1873},"8e059286-d60f-46f5-bc93-b674e376d64e",[],[1865],{"id":1866,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1867,"properties":24},"77ed5075-36e3-4598-8e9d-3fc6ef2130e7",{"id":1866,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1868,"slug":24,"properties":1869,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1872,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1870},{"EN":1871},"D. E. Bain, Six Flags Marine World Vallejo, Vallejo, CA 94589, USA. E‐mail: dbain@u.washington.edu",[],{"title":1874,"openalex":1876},{"EN":1875},"David E. Bain",{"VOID":1877},"A5052811130",{"url":24,"publisher":1879,"properties":1921},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1880,"slug":10,"properties":1881,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1886,"manageAffiliations":1895,"indexDatabases":1906,"url":90,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1882,"eissn":1883,"issn":1884,"title":1885},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1887,1891],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1888,"label":1889,"description":1890,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1892,"label":1893,"description":1894,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":37},{},[1896,1901],{"id":41,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1897,"slug":24,"properties":1898,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1900,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1899},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1902,"slug":24,"properties":1903,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1905,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1904},{"EN":52},[],[1907,1914],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":1908,"url":67,"indexYears":68,"academicFieldIds":1913,"indexDatabaseRanking":72},{"id":58,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1909,"label":1910,"description":1911,"key":64,"publicationTags":1912,"standard":24},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":61,"VI":63},[66],[70,71],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":1915,"url":87,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1920,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":76,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1916,"label":1917,"description":1918,"key":83,"publicationTags":1919,"standard":24},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":81,"VI":82},[85,86],[89],{"issue":1922,"pages":1923,"volume":1925},{"VOID":1137},{"VOID":1924},"255-270",{"VOID":560},294,{"total":1926,"publishYear":563,"statisticByYear":1928},{"2012":880,"2013":1380,"2014":1929,"2015":1380,"2016":1380,"2017":1380,"2018":1147,"2019":1380,"2020":1146,"2021":1382,"2022":879,"2023":1380,"2024":879},22,"2002-02-01",[85,72],[1933,1936,1939,1942,1945,1948,1951,1954,1957,1960,1963,1966,1969,1972,1975,1978,1981,1984,1987,1990,1993,1996,1999,2002,2005,2008,2011,2014,2017,2020,2023,2026,2029,2032,2035,2038,2041,2044,2047,2050,2053,2056,2059,2062,2065,2068,2071,2074,2077,2080,2083],{"id":24,"text":1934,"url":24,"identifiers":1935},"Adimey N. M.(1995).A descriptive study of the percussive behavior of orcas Orcinus orca inJohnstone Strait British Columbia.MSc thesis Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale Florida .",{},{"id":24,"text":1937,"url":24,"identifiers":1938},"Bain D. E., 1986, Behavioral biology of killer whales, 335",{},{"id":24,"text":1940,"url":24,"identifiers":1941},"10.1016\u002FB978-0-12-456160-1.50021-7",{"doi":1940},{"id":24,"text":1943,"url":24,"identifiers":1944},"Baird R. W., 1999, Species Status Report",{},{"id":24,"text":1946,"url":24,"identifiers":1947},"Baird R. W. &Burkhart S. M.(2000).Bias and variability in distance estimation on the water: implications for the management of whale watching.International Whaling Commission Meeting Document SC\u002F52\u002FWW1. (Available fromhttp:\u002F\u002Fis.dal.cal~whitelab\u002Frwb\u002Fiwcvers.pdf).",{},{"id":24,"text":1949,"url":24,"identifiers":1950},"10.1111\u002Fj.1748-7692.1996.tb00302.x",{"doi":1949},{"id":24,"text":1952,"url":24,"identifiers":1953},"Barstow R., 1986, Non‐consumptive utilization of whales, Ambio, 15, 155",{},{"id":24,"text":1955,"url":24,"identifiers":1956},"Bauer G. B, 1986, Unpublished report",{},{"id":24,"text":1958,"url":24,"identifiers":1959},"10.1017\u002FS0376892998000058",{"doi":1958},{"id":24,"text":1961,"url":24,"identifiers":1962},"Davis R. E., 1981, Surveying theory and practice",{},{"id":24,"text":1964,"url":24,"identifiers":1965},"Duffus D. A, 1995, Killer whales, whale watching and management: a status report, Whalewatcher, 14",{},{"id":24,"text":1967,"url":24,"identifiers":1968},"10.1017\u002FS0376892900037656",{"doi":1967},{"id":24,"text":1970,"url":24,"identifiers":1971},"10.1017\u002FS0376892900002216",{"doi":1970},{"id":24,"text":1973,"url":24,"identifiers":1974},"Ford J. K. B., 1994, Killer whales: the natural history and genealogy of Orcinus orca in British Columbia and Washington State",{},{"id":24,"text":1976,"url":24,"identifiers":1977},"Fraker M. A., 1995, Behavior, disturbance responses and feeding of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus in the Beaufort Sea, 1980‐1981, 145",{},{"id":24,"text":1979,"url":24,"identifiers":1980},"10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1997.96080.x",{"doi":1979},{"id":24,"text":1982,"url":24,"identifiers":1983},"Green M. L., 1998, Unpublished report",{},{"id":24,"text":1985,"url":24,"identifiers":1986},"10.1006\u002Fanbe.1993.1068",{"doi":1985},{"id":24,"text":1988,"url":24,"identifiers":1989},"10.1016\u002F0022-5193(74)90202-1",{"doi":1988},{"id":24,"text":1991,"url":24,"identifiers":1992},"Hoyt E., 1997, The potential of whale watching in Europe",{},{"id":24,"text":1994,"url":24,"identifiers":1995},"IFAW, Tethys Research Institute and Europe Conservation, 1995, Report of the workshop on the scientific aspects of managing whale watching. Montecastello di Vibio, Italy",{},{"id":24,"text":1997,"url":24,"identifiers":1998},"International Whaling Commission, 1994, Forty‐fourth report of the International Whaling Commission",{},{"id":24,"text":2000,"url":24,"identifiers":2001},"International Whaling Commission, 1995, Forty‐fifth report of the International Whaling Commission",{},{"id":24,"text":2003,"url":24,"identifiers":2004},"10.1146\u002Fannurev.es.21.110190.001021",{"doi":2003},{"id":24,"text":2006,"url":24,"identifiers":2007},"10.1016\u002FS0006-3207(96)00044-4",{"doi":2006},{"id":24,"text":2009,"url":24,"identifiers":2010},"Johnstone Strait Killer Whale Committee, 1991, Background report",{},{"id":24,"text":2012,"url":24,"identifiers":2013},"Johnstone Strait Killer Whale Committee, 1996, Johnstone Strait whale watching guide",{},{"id":24,"text":2015,"url":24,"identifiers":2016},"10.7589\u002F0090-3558-33.3.558",{"doi":2015},{"id":24,"text":2018,"url":24,"identifiers":2019},"Kriete B.(1995).Bioenergetics in the killer whale Orcinus orca.PhD thesis University of British Columbia Vancouver .",{},{"id":24,"text":2021,"url":24,"identifiers":2022},"Kruse S., 1991, Dolphin societies: discoveries and puzzles, 149",{},{"id":24,"text":2024,"url":24,"identifiers":2025},"10.2307\u002F3808646",{"doi":2024},{"id":24,"text":2027,"url":24,"identifiers":2028},"Milstein A., 1993, Multivariate methods in aquaculture research: case studies of tilapias in experimental and commercial systems. ICLARM (Int. Cent. Living Aquat. Resour. Manage.) Stud. Rev., 24",{},{"id":24,"text":2030,"url":24,"identifiers":2031},"10.1139\u002Fz96-111",{"doi":2030},{"id":24,"text":2033,"url":24,"identifiers":2034},"Notarbartolo di Sciara G., 1996, Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the European Cetacean Society, Lisbon, 11‐13 March 1996",{},{"id":24,"text":2036,"url":24,"identifiers":2037},"10.1016\u002F0160-4120(90)90016-Y",{"doi":2036},{"id":24,"text":2039,"url":24,"identifiers":2040},"Olesiuk P. F., 1990, Life history and population dynamics of resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the coastal waters of British Columbia and Washington State, Rep. Int. Whaling Comm. Spec. Issue, 12, 209",{},{"id":24,"text":2042,"url":24,"identifiers":2043},"Osborne R. W, 2000, Abstracts of the 7th International Conference of the American Cetacean Society, Monterey CA, November 2000",{},{"id":24,"text":2045,"url":24,"identifiers":2046},"Richardson W. J., 1995, Marine mammals and noise",{},{"id":24,"text":2048,"url":24,"identifiers":2049},"Roeder K. D., 1967, Nerve cells and insect behavior",{},{"id":24,"text":2051,"url":24,"identifiers":2052},"10.2307\u002F3802377",{"doi":2051},{"id":24,"text":2054,"url":24,"identifiers":2055},"10.2307\u002F1940736",{"doi":2054},{"id":24,"text":2057,"url":24,"identifiers":2058},"10.1139\u002Fz83-086",{"doi":2057},{"id":24,"text":2060,"url":24,"identifiers":2061},"Tabachnick B. G, 1996, Using multivariate statistics",{},{"id":24,"text":2063,"url":24,"identifiers":2064},"Trites A. W., 1995, Report",{},{"id":24,"text":2066,"url":24,"identifiers":2067},"Tyack P. L.(1982).Humpback whales respond to the sounds of their neighbors.PhD thesis Rockefeller University New York .",{},{"id":24,"text":2069,"url":24,"identifiers":2070},"10.1016\u002F0022-5193(84)90019-5",{"doi":2069},{"id":24,"text":2072,"url":24,"identifiers":2073},"10.2307\u002F3802039",{"doi":2072},{"id":24,"text":2075,"url":24,"identifiers":2076},"10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2656.1998.00187.x",{"doi":2075},{"id":24,"text":2078,"url":24,"identifiers":2079},"Williams R. M.(1999).Behavioural responses of killer whales to whale‐watching: opportunistic observations and experimental approaches.MSc thesis University of British Columbia. Available fromhttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.marinemammal.org\u002Fpub.htm.",{},{"id":24,"text":2081,"url":24,"identifiers":2082},"Würsig B., 1991, Dolphin societies: discoveries and puzzles, 79",{},{"id":24,"text":2084,"url":24,"identifiers":2085},"10.1016\u002FS0959-8049(96)00244-4",{"doi":2084},{"id":2087,"createTime":2088,"updateTime":2089,"relativeEntities":2090,"slug":2091,"properties":2092,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":2088,"verifyNote":116,"languages":2106,"translateLanguages":2107,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":2108,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":2109,"publicationType":162,"publisherRelationship":2176,"citationCount":2225,"citationInfo":2226,"publishDate":2229,"publishYear":2227,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":2230,"openAccess":24,"references":2231,"isForceReanalyzing":322},"9b8b7f93-cd14-44e3-9be7-6abb3d2180b7","2024-10-06T06:27:47.369+00:00","2025-02-06T12:33:26.631+00:00",[],"Mechanical-properties-of-various-mammalian-tendons",{"openalex":2093,"mag":2095,"abstract":2097,"title":2100,"keywords":2103,"doi":2104},{"VOID":2094},"W1978947795",{"VOID":2096},"1978947795",{"EN":2098,"VI":2099},"\u003Cjats:p>Dynamic tensile tests have been performed, using physiologically relevant frequencies and stress ranges, on various tendons from the legs and tails of 10 species of mammal. No consistent differences were found between tendons from different species or different anatomical sites. Tangent Young's modulus increases from low values at low stresses to about 1·5 GPa at stresses exceeding 30 MPa. Percentage energy dissipations of 6 to 11% have been measured for different species, but the lower values are probably the most reliable. There is little or no dependence of modulus or energy dissipation on frequency, in the range 0·2–11 Hz. The tensile strength of tendon (at strain rates of the order of 0·05 s\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>) is at least 100 MPa.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:p>Thử nghiệm kéo động lực đã được thực hiện, sử dụng tần số và phạm vi ứng suất về mặt sinh lý phù hợp, trên nhiều gân từ chân và đuôi của 10 loài động vật có vú. Không phát hiện sự khác biệt đồng nhất giữa các gân từ các loài khác nhau hoặc từ các vị trí giải phẫu khác nhau. Mô đun Young tiếp tuyến tăng từ các giá trị thấp ở ứng suất thấp lên khoảng 1·5 GPa khi ứng suất vượt quá 30 MPa. Mức năng lượng tiêu tán được đo là từ 6 đến 11% cho các loài khác nhau, nhưng giá trị thấp hơn có khả năng là đáng tin cậy hơn. Có rất ít hoặc không có sự phụ thuộc của mô đun hay năng lượng tiêu tán vào tần số, trong khoảng 0·2–11 Hz. Độ bền kéo của gân (tại các tốc độ biến dạng khoảng 0·05 s\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>) ít nhất là 100 MPa.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2101,"VI":2102},"Mechanical properties of various mammalian tendons","Tính chất cơ học của các gân ở động vật có vú khác nhau",{"VI":1068},{"VOID":2105},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1986.tb03609.x",[118],[719],"https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1986.tb03609.x",[2110,2129,2146,2161],{"id":2111,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":2112,"affiliations":2113,"properties":2122},"05bfcb2d-d2fe-4e09-af8f-21690f3d28a2",[],[2114],{"id":2115,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2116,"properties":24},"27252742-fe2b-46ed-ad2b-b6c184a58e81",{"id":2115,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2117,"slug":24,"properties":2118,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2121,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2119},{"VI":2120},"Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT",[],{"orcid":2123,"title":2125,"openalex":2127},{"VOID":2124},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-8051-0040",{"EN":2126},"M. B. Bennett",{"VOID":2128},"A5053634231",{"id":2130,"sortIndex":144,"researcher":24,"roles":2131,"affiliations":2132,"properties":2139},"6af18a98-69f5-4500-9007-6b9db63c9a9d",[],[2133],{"id":2115,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2134,"properties":24},{"id":2115,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2135,"slug":24,"properties":2136,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2138,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2137},{"VI":2120},[],{"orcid":2140,"title":2142,"openalex":2144},{"VOID":2141},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-6029-8609",{"EN":2143},"R. F. Ker",{"VOID":2145},"A5076364709",{"id":2147,"sortIndex":416,"researcher":24,"roles":2148,"affiliations":2149,"properties":2156},"69c839fe-c0ef-4c83-bcd6-610666e8d405",[],[2150],{"id":2115,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2151,"properties":24},{"id":2115,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2152,"slug":24,"properties":2153,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2155,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2154},{"VI":2120},[],{"title":2157,"openalex":2159},{"EN":2158},"Nicola J. Imery",{"VOID":2160},"A5070913611",{"id":2162,"sortIndex":415,"researcher":24,"roles":2163,"affiliations":2164,"properties":2171},"c86bca23-2dd4-4c9f-bcb4-f51411bd3e92",[],[2165],{"id":2115,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2166,"properties":24},{"id":2115,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2167,"slug":24,"properties":2168,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2170,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2169},{"VI":2120},[],{"title":2172,"openalex":2174},{"EN":2173},"R. McN. Alexander",{"VOID":2175},"A5103438495",{"url":24,"publisher":2177,"properties":2219},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":2178,"slug":10,"properties":2179,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":2184,"manageAffiliations":2193,"indexDatabases":2204,"url":90,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":2180,"eissn":2181,"issn":2182,"title":2183},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[2185,2189],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2186,"label":2187,"description":2188,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2190,"label":2191,"description":2192,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":37},{},[2194,2199],{"id":41,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2195,"slug":24,"properties":2196,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2198,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2197},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2200,"slug":24,"properties":2201,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2203,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2202},{"EN":52},[],[2205,2212],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":2206,"url":67,"indexYears":68,"academicFieldIds":2211,"indexDatabaseRanking":72},{"id":58,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2207,"label":2208,"description":2209,"key":64,"publicationTags":2210,"standard":24},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":61,"VI":63},[66],[70,71],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":2213,"url":87,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":2218,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":76,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2214,"label":2215,"description":2216,"key":83,"publicationTags":2217,"standard":24},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":81,"VI":82},[85,86],[89],{"issue":2220,"pages":2221,"volume":2223},{"VOID":406},{"VOID":2222},"537-548",{"VOID":2224},"209",372,{"total":2225,"publishYear":2227,"statisticByYear":2228},1986,{"2012":879,"2013":880,"2014":881,"2015":882,"2016":879,"2017":881,"2018":1147,"2019":566,"2020":1383,"2021":1379,"2022":1146,"2023":881,"2024":1146},"1986-08-01",[85,72],[2232,2235,2238,2241,2244,2247,2250,2253,2256,2259,2262,2265,2268,2271,2274,2277,2280,2283,2286,2289,2292],{"id":24,"text":2233,"url":24,"identifiers":2234},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1974.tb04134.x",{"doi":2233},{"id":24,"text":2236,"url":24,"identifiers":2237},"10.1093\u002Ficb\u002F24.1.85",{"doi":2236},{"id":24,"text":2239,"url":24,"identifiers":2240},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1985.tb03541.x",{"doi":2239},{"id":24,"text":2242,"url":24,"identifiers":2243},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1982.tb02077.x",{"doi":2242},{"id":24,"text":2245,"url":24,"identifiers":2246},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1975.tb05983.x",{"doi":2245},{"id":24,"text":2248,"url":24,"identifiers":2249},"10.1016\u002F0021-9290(68)90038-9",{"doi":2248},{"id":24,"text":2251,"url":24,"identifiers":2252},"10.1016\u002F0021-9290(70)90005-9",{"doi":2251},{"id":24,"text":2254,"url":24,"identifiers":2255},"Diament J., 1972, Collagen: ultrastructure and its relation to mechanical properties as a function of ageing, Proc. R. Soc. (B), 180, 239",{},{"id":24,"text":2257,"url":24,"identifiers":2258},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1985.tb04911.x",{"doi":2257},{"id":24,"text":2260,"url":24,"identifiers":2261},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1986.tb01505.x",{"doi":2260},{"id":24,"text":2263,"url":24,"identifiers":2264},"10.1115\u002F1.3138471",{"doi":2263},{"id":24,"text":2266,"url":24,"identifiers":2267},"10.1242\u002Fjeb.93.1.283",{"doi":2266},{"id":24,"text":2269,"url":24,"identifiers":2270},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1986.tb01904.x",{"doi":2269},{"id":24,"text":2272,"url":24,"identifiers":2273},"10.1016\u002F0021-9290(68)90008-0",{"doi":2272},{"id":24,"text":2275,"url":24,"identifiers":2276},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1984.sp015235",{"doi":2275},{"id":24,"text":2278,"url":24,"identifiers":2279},"10.1113\u002Fjphysiol.1984.sp015077",{"doi":2278},{"id":24,"text":2281,"url":24,"identifiers":2282},"10.1016\u002F0021-9290(82)90073-2",{"doi":2281},{"id":24,"text":2284,"url":24,"identifiers":2285},"10.1085\u002Fjgp.43.2.265",{"doi":2284},{"id":24,"text":2287,"url":24,"identifiers":2288},"10.1016\u002F0021-9290(84)90013-7",{"doi":2287},{"id":24,"text":2290,"url":24,"identifiers":2291},"Brocklin J. D., 1965, A study of the mechanical behaviour of toe extensor tendons under applied stress, Archs phys. Med., 46, 369",{},{"id":24,"text":2293,"url":24,"identifiers":2294},"10.3109\u002F03008208009152109",{"doi":2293},{"id":2296,"createTime":2297,"updateTime":2298,"relativeEntities":2299,"slug":2300,"properties":2301,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":2297,"verifyNote":116,"languages":2316,"translateLanguages":2317,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":2318,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":2319,"publicationType":162,"publisherRelationship":2364,"citationCount":2413,"citationInfo":2414,"publishDate":2417,"publishYear":2415,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":2418,"openAccess":24,"references":2419,"isForceReanalyzing":322},"686eab2d-aa21-4419-8945-0b79b858afcb","2024-08-30T10:59:42.285+00:00","2025-02-06T12:32:27.347+00:00",[],"Experiments-on-whether-schooling-by-their-prey-affects-the-hunting-behaviour-of-cephalopods-and-fish-predators",{"openalex":2302,"mag":2304,"abstract":2306,"title":2309,"keywords":2312,"doi":2314},{"VOID":2303},"W1986984116",{"VOID":2305},"1986984116",{"EN":2307,"VI":2308},"\u003Cjats:p>The experiments investigated the effects of a school of live prey fish on the hunting behaviour of squid, cuttlefish and pike (ambush predators) and perch (a chasing predator). The hunting behaviour of all species is described, including some previously unrecorded actions.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>For all species the increasing shoal size from one fish to six, to 20, decreased the success of the predators' attacks per encounter with a prey. This was partly because attacks on larger shoals lasted longer, and fish became increasingly difficult to catch as a hunt went on. However, for some of the species there was a clear effect of the shoals at the start of the hunt. For other species it was less conclusive.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>The disruptive effect of the shoals was shown to act for the ambush predators by interfering with the “optimal” sequence of an attack and causing avoidance actions together with so‐called irrelevant behaviour. For the perch, shoals seemed to disrupt by forcing the predator continually to switch targets during his pursuit.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>The artificiality of the experiments is discussed in relation to field observations. The relatively high incidence of avoidance and irrelevant behaviour seems to be an artefact, but the main results are quite compatible with field studies. In nature fish predators may be able to get sufficient food by restricting their attacks to individuals which are conspicuous either by an abnormal appearance or by becoming separated from the school. An individual prey fish no doubt gains a considerable advantage from the school by burying itself in the crowd. Our experiments show that a shoal can provide further protection in hampering the attack of a predator.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:p>Các thí nghiệm đã điều tra ảnh hưởng của một đàn cá mồi sống đến hành vi săn mồi của mực, bạch tuộc và cá thu (các loài săn mồi ẩn nấp) và cá vược (một loài săn mồi đuổi bắt). Hành vi săn mồi của tất cả các loài được mô tả, bao gồm cả một số hành động chưa từng được ghi nhận trước đây.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Đối với tất cả các loài, kích thước đàn cá tăng dần từ một con lên sáu, rồi tới 20, đã làm giảm tính thành công của các cuộc tấn công của các loài săn mồi mỗi khi tiếp xúc với mồi. Điều này một phần là do các cuộc tấn công vào các đàn lớn hơn kéo dài hơn, và cá trở nên ngày càng khó bắt khi cuộc săn diễn ra. Tuy nhiên, đối với một số loài, có tác động rõ rệt từ các đàn ở đầu cuộc săn. Đối với các loài khác, điều này ít quyết đoán hơn.",{"EN":2310,"VI":2311},"Experiments on whether schooling by their prey affects the hunting behaviour of cephalopods and fish predators","Thí nghiệm về việc trường học của con mồi có ảnh hưởng đến hành vi săn mồi của các loài cephalopod và cá ăn thịt",{"VI":2313},"săn mồi, hành vi, cá ăn thịt, cephalopod, bạch tuộc, cá vược, thí nghiệm, đàn cá",{"VOID":2315},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1974.tb04385.x",[118],[719],"https:\u002F\u002Fzslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7998.1974.tb04385.x",[2320,2345],{"id":2321,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":2322,"affiliations":2323,"properties":2340},"44696e81-b741-4274-ae93-70b7f41de01a",[],[2324,2332],{"id":2325,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2326,"properties":24},"e679f855-37f9-4187-8f23-92ffb0e32fba",{"id":2325,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2327,"slug":24,"properties":2328,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2331,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2329},{"EN":2330},"*University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George St., Glasgow, Scotland.",[],{"id":2333,"sortIndex":144,"affiliation":2334,"properties":24},"2a03409d-1464-4173-aeaf-ec653984885a",{"id":2333,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2335,"slug":24,"properties":2336,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2339,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2337},{"VI":2338},"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford",[],{"title":2341,"openalex":2343},{"EN":2342},"SandwichO ' Neill",{"VOID":2344},"A5058352793",{"id":2346,"sortIndex":144,"researcher":24,"roles":2347,"affiliations":2348,"properties":2357},"2024b354-a663-476e-8792-8da507c10e85",[],[2349],{"id":2350,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2351,"properties":24},"bcedf645-9b45-4c04-9b28-ba790d650322",{"id":2350,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2352,"slug":24,"properties":2353,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2356,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2354},{"VI":2355},"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford",[],{"orcid":2358,"title":2360,"openalex":2362},{"VOID":2359},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-7463-8451",{"EN":2361},"J. 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Cullen",{"VOID":2363},"A5053813447",{"url":24,"publisher":2365,"properties":2407},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":2366,"slug":10,"properties":2367,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":2372,"manageAffiliations":2381,"indexDatabases":2392,"url":90,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":2368,"eissn":2369,"issn":2370,"title":2371},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[2373,2377],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2374,"label":2375,"description":2376,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2378,"label":2379,"description":2380,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":37},{},[2382,2387],{"id":41,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2383,"slug":24,"properties":2384,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2386,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2385},{"EN":45},[],{"id":48,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2388,"slug":24,"properties":2389,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":2391,"statistic":24},[],{"title":2390},{"EN":52},[],[2393,2400],{"id":56,"indexDatabase":2394,"url":67,"indexYears":68,"academicFieldIds":2399,"indexDatabaseRanking":72},{"id":58,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2395,"label":2396,"description":2397,"key":64,"publicationTags":2398,"standard":24},[],{"EN":61,"VI":61},{"EN":61,"VI":63},[66],[70,71],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":2401,"url":87,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":2406,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":76,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":2402,"label":2403,"description":2404,"key":83,"publicationTags":2405,"standard":24},[],{"EN":79,"VI":79},{"EN":81,"VI":82},[85,86],[89],{"issue":2408,"pages":2409,"volume":2411},{"VOID":406},{"VOID":2410},"549-569",{"VOID":2412},"172",509,{"total":2413,"publishYear":2415,"statisticByYear":2416},1974,{"2012":1147,"2013":1384,"2014":880,"2015":881,"2016":881,"2017":1147,"2018":879,"2019":1381,"2020":1147,"2021":879,"2022":1384,"2023":1147,"2024":881},"1974-04-01",[85,72],[2420,2424,2427,2430,2433,2436,2439,2442,2445,2448,2451,2454,2457,2460,2464,2467,2470,2473,2476,2479,2482,2485,2488,2491,2494,2497,2500,2503,2506,2509,2512,2515,2518,2521,2524,2527,2530,2533,2536,2539,2542,2545,2548,2551,2554,2557,2560],{"id":24,"text":2421,"url":24,"identifiers":2422},"Bainbridge R., 1960, Speed and stamina in three fish, J. exp. Biol., 37, 129, 10.1242\u002Fjeb.37.1.129",{"doi":2423},"10.1242\u002Fjeb.37.1.129",{"id":24,"text":2425,"url":24,"identifiers":2426},"Benzie V. L.(1965).Some aspects of the anti‐predator responses of two species of stickleback.D.Phil thesis Oxford University.",{},{"id":24,"text":2428,"url":24,"identifiers":2429},"Bidder A. M., 1950, The digestive mechanism of the European squids Loligo vulgaris, Loligo forbesii, Alloteuthis media and Alloteuthis subulata, Q. Jl microsc. Sci., 91, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":2431,"url":24,"identifiers":2432},"Boulet P., 1953, Expériences sur la perception visuelle du mouvement chez Perca fluviatilis L, C. r. Seanc. Biol., 147, 1623",{},{"id":24,"text":2434,"url":24,"identifiers":2435},"Boulet P., 1956, Experiences sur la perception visuelle du mouvement sinusoidal chez Perca fluviatilis L, C. r. Séanc. Soc. Biol., 149, 392",{},{"id":24,"text":2437,"url":24,"identifiers":2438},"Bowen E. S., 1931, The role of sense organs in aggregating behavior of Ameirus melas, Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab. Woods Hole, 63, 252",{},{"id":24,"text":2440,"url":24,"identifiers":2441},"Breder C. M., 1959, Studies on social groupings in fishes, Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist., 117, 393",{},{"id":24,"text":2443,"url":24,"identifiers":2444},"Breder C. M., 1967, On the survival value offish schools, Zoologica, N.Y., 52, 25",{},{"id":24,"text":2446,"url":24,"identifiers":2447},"10.1093\u002Ficesjms\u002F25.3.307",{"doi":2446},{"id":24,"text":2449,"url":24,"identifiers":2450},"10.1038\u002F218918b0",{"doi":2449},{"id":24,"text":2452,"url":24,"identifiers":2453},"10.1007\u002FBF00045560",{"doi":2452},{"id":24,"text":2455,"url":24,"identifiers":2456},"10.1038\u002F226968a0",{"doi":2455},{"id":24,"text":2458,"url":24,"identifiers":2459},"10.1111\u002Fj.1439-0310.1962.tb00767.x",{"doi":2458},{"id":24,"text":2461,"url":24,"identifiers":2462},"Eibl‐Eibesfeldt I., 1959, Erfahrungen mit Haien, Z. 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