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This study evaluated Bacillus subtilis JN005 for growth promotion and biocontrol efficacy against Magnaporthe oryzae. Results showed that rice seeds treated with 1 × 107 cfu\u002FmL suspension of B. subtilis JN005 had 16% germination energy, 14% germination rate, 15% germination index, and 270% vigor index compared to those treated with sterile water (control). In pot experiments, the JN005 strain-treated rice plants exhibited notable increase in plant height, root length, stem circumference, and fresh weight, as well as higher concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in rice leaves. Rice leaves inoculated with the JN005 strain resulted in increased activities of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) compared to the water and the M. oryzae-inoculated treatments. In vitro inoculated rice leaves with 1 × 107 cfu\u002FmL bacterial suspension compared to sterile water or control treatment exhibited lower disease incidence in the curative and preventive groups by 79% and 76%, respectively. Field experiment showed that after spraying with 1 × 107 cfu\u002FmL bacterial suspension, efficacy rates on controlling rice blast on plants were (56.82 ± 1.12)% and (58.39 ± 3.05)% at seedling and maturity stages, respectively, and that rice production yield was (524.40 ± 17.88) g\u002Fm2. Therefore, B. subtilis JN005 could be a promising biological control agent for rice blast, thereby warranting further investigation of its efficacy.",{"EN":111,"VI":112},"Control of Magnaporthe oryzae and Rice Growth Promotion by Bacillus subtilis JN005","Kiểm soát Magnaporthe oryzae và thúc đẩy sinh trưởng lúa bằng Bacillus subtilis JN005",{"VOID":114},"Ahmad Z, Wu J, Chen L, Dong W (2017) Isolated Bacillus subtilis strain 330–2 and it’s antagonistic gen-es identified by the removing PCR. Sci Rep 7(1):1–13. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41598-017-01940-9\nAnhar A, Sari NP, Advinda L, Putri DH, Handayani D (2019) Effect of the indigenous Trichoderma application on germination of black glutinous rice seed. J Phys: Conf Ser 1317(1):012065. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1088\u002F1742-6596\u002F1317\u002F1\u002F012065\nAsibi AE, Chai Q, Coulter JA (2019) Rice blast: a disease with implications for global food security. Agronomy 9(8):451. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fagronomy9080451\nBarratt BIP, Moran VC, Bigler F, Van Lenteren JC (2018) The status of biological control and recommendations for improving uptake for the future. Biocontrol 63:155–167. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10526-017-9831-y\nBisht N, Mishra SK, Chauhan PS (2020) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculation alters physiology of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. IR-36) through modulating carbohydrate metabolism to mitigate stress induced by nutrient starvation. Int J Biol Macromol 143:937–951. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ijbiomac.2019.09.154\nChen Z, Zhao L, Chen W, Dong Y, Yang C, Li C, Xu H, Gao X, Chen R, Li L, Xu Z (2020) Isolation and evaluation of Bacillus velezensis ZW-10 as a potential biological control agent against Magnapo-rthe oryzae. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 34(1):714–724. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13102818.2020.1803766\nDhakal R, Singh DN (2019) Biopesticides: a key to sustainable agriculture. Int J Pure Appl Biosci 7(3):391–396. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.18782\u002F2320-7051.7034\nElamawi RM, Mostafa FA, El-Shafey RAS (2018) Monitoring of tricyclazole and isoprothiolane residues and their effects on blast disease, yield and its components, grain quality and chemical components of rice. J Plant Prot Pathol 9(9):557–566. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.21608\u002FJPPP.2018.43760\nElshakh AS, Anjum SI, Qiu W, Almoneafy AA, Li W, Yang Z, Cui ZQ, Li B, Sun GC, Xie GL (2016) Controlling and defence-related mechanisms of Bacillus strains against bacterial leaf blight of rice. J Phytopathol 164(7–8):534–546. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fjph.12479\nEmoghene AO, Futughe AE (2016) Fungi as an alternative to agrochemicals to control plant diseases. Fungal applications in sustainable environmental biotechnology. Springer, Cham, pp 43–62. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002F978-3-319-42852-9_3\nGarcia-Lopez AM, Delgado A (2016) Effect of Bacillus subtilis on phosphorus uptake by cucumber as affected by iron oxides and the solubility of the phosphorus source. Agric Food Sci 25(3):216–224. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.23986\u002Fafsci.56862\nGholamalizadeh R, Khodakaramian G, Ebadi AA (2017) Assessment of rice associated bacterial ability to enhance rice seed germination and rice growth promotion. Braz Arch Biol Technol. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1590\u002F1678-4324-2017160410\nHashem A, Tabassum B, Abd Allah EF (2019) Bacillus subtilis: a plant-growth promoting rhizobacteriau-m that also impacts biotic stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 26(6):1291–1297. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.sjbs.2019.05.004\nHe Y, Zhu M, Huang J, Hsiang T, Zheng L (2019) Biocontrol potential of a Bacillus subtilis strain BJ-1 against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Can J Plant Path 41(1):47–59. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F07060661.2018.1564792\nJamali H, Sharma A, Srivastava AK (2020) Biocontrol potential of Bacillus subtilis RH5 against sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani. J Basic Microbiol 60(3):268–280. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjobm.201900347\nJangir M, Pathak R, Sharma S, Sharma S (2018) Biocontrol mechanisms of Bacillus sp., isolated from to-mato rhizosphere, against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Biol Control 123:60–70. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.biocontrol.2018.04.018\nKaspar F, Neubauer P, Gimpel M (2019) Bioactive secondary metabolites from Bacillus subtilis: a compre-hensive review. J Nat Prod 82(7):2038–2053. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Facs.jnatprod.9b00110\nKuan KB, Othman R, Abdul Rahim K, Shamsuddin ZH (2016) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in-oculation to enhance vegetative growth, nitrogen fixation and nitrogen remobilisation of maize under greenhouse conditions. PLoS ONE 11(3):e0152478. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0152478\nLastochkina O, Pusenkova L, Yuldashev R, Babaev M, Garipova S, Blagova DY, Khairul-lin R, Aliniaeifard S (2017) Effects of Bacillus subtilis on some physiological and biochemical parameters of Triticu-m aestivum L. (wheat) under salinity. Plant Physiol Biochem 121:80–88. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.plaphy.2017.10.020\nLiu Z, Wang H, Xu W, Wang Z (2020) Isolation and evaluation of the plant growth promoting rhizobact-erium Bacillus methylotrophicus (DD-1) for growth enhancement of rice seedling. Arch Microbiol. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00203-020-01934-8\nMajeed A (2018) Application of agrochemicals in agriculture: benefits, risks and responsibility of stakehol-ders. J Food Sci Toxicol 2(1): 3. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.imedpub.com\u002Fjournal-food-science-toxicology\u002F. Accessed 5 Dec 2020\nMiah G, Rafii M Y, Ismail M R, Sahebi M, Hashemi F S G, Yusuff O, Usman M G (2017) Blast disea-se intimidation towards rice cultivation: a review of pathogen and strategies to control. J Anim Plant Sci 27: 1058–1066. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.thejaps.org.pk\u002Fdocs\u002Fv-27-04\u002F01.pdf. Accessed 5 Dec 2020\nMiljaković D, Marinković J, Balešević-Tubić S (2020) The significance of Bacillus spp. in disease suppression and growth promotion of field and vegetable crops. Microorganisms 8(7):1037. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fmicroorganisms8071037\nNaseer I, Ahmad M, Hussain A, Jamil M (2020) Potential of zinc solubilizing Bacillus strains to improve rice growth under axenic conditions. Pak J Agric Sci. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.21162\u002FPAKJAS\u002F20.9988\nPark YG, Mun BG, Kang SM, Hussain A, Shahzad R, Seo CW, Kim AY, Lee SU, Oh KY, Lee DY, Lee IJ, Yun BW (2017) Bacillus aryabhattai SRB02 tolerates oxidative and nitrosative stres-s and promotes the growth of soybean by modulating the production of phytohormones. PLoS ONE 12(3):e0173203. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0173203\nRais A, Jabeen Z, Shair F, Hafeez FY, Hassan MN (2017) Bacillus spp., a bio-control agent enhances the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in rice against Pyricularia oryzae. PLoS One 12(11):e0187412. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0187412\nRijal S, Devkota Y (2020) A review on various management method of rice blast disease. Malays J Sustain Agric 4(1):14–18. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.26480\u002Fmjsa.01.2020.29.33\nShahzad R, Khan AL, Bilal S, Waqas M, Kang SM, Lee IJ (2017) Inoculation of abscisic acid-produc-ing endophytic bacteria enhances salinity stress tolerance in Oryza sativa. Environ Exp Bot 136:68–77. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.envexpbot.2017.01.010\nSowanpreecha R, Kanchanabanca C, Sangvanich P, Rerngsamran P (2018) Bacillus subtilis N3 as a Biocontrol agent for Curvularia lunata and its antifungal protein properties. Int J Agric Biol 20(3):531–538. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.17957\u002FIJAB\u002F15.0511\nSun D, Zhuo T, Hu X, Fan X, Zou H (2017) Identification of a Pseudomonas putida as biocontrol agent for tomato bacterial wilt disease. 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Agronomy 9(9):476. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fagronomy9090476\nZhu J, Tan T, Shen A, Yang X, Yu Y, Gao C, Li Z, Cheng Y, Chen J, Guo L, Sun X, Yan Z, Li J, Zeng L (2020) Biocontrol potential of Bacillus subtilis IBFCBF-4 against Fusarium wilt of watermelon. 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exogenous chemicals allow rapid, conditional, reversible, selective, and dose-dependent control of biological functions, they act like conditional mutations, either inducing or suppressing the formation of a specific phenotype of interest. Exploration of the small molecules that induce the brassinosteroid (BR) deficient-like phenotype in Arabidopsis led us to identify brassinazole as the first candidate for a BR biosynthesis inhibitor. Brassinazole treatment reduced BR content in plant cells. Investigation of target site(s) of brassinazole revealed that the compound directly binds to the DWF4 protein, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes 22-hydroxylation of the side chain of BRs. These results suggest that brassinazole is a BR biosynthesis inhibitor. There are currently at least two BR biosynthesis inhibitors that act like conditional mutations in BR biosynthesis. They allow the investigation of the functions of BRs in a variety of plant species. Application of BR biosynthesis inhibitors to a standard genetic screen to identify mutants that confer resistance to these inhibitors allowed the identification of new components working in BR signal transduction. This method has advantages over mutant screens using BR-deficient mutants as a background. Development of chemicals that induce phenotypes of interest is now emerging as a useful way to study biological systems in plants and this would be a complement to classical biochemical and genetic methods.",{"EN":301,"VI":302},"The Influence of Chemical Genetics on Plant Science: Shedding Light on Functions and Mechanism of Action of Brassinosteroids Using Biosynthesis Inhibitors","Ảnh hưởng của di truyền học hóa học lên khoa học thực vật: Làm sáng tỏ chức năng và cơ chế tác động của brassinosteroid bằng các chất ức chế sinh tổng hợp",{"VOID":304},"T Asami S Yoshida (1999) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitors. 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Trends Plant Sci 2 137–143 Occurrence Handle10.1016\u002FS1360-1385(97)01017-0",{"VOID":306},"10.1007\u002Fs00344-003-0065-0","2025-01-20T18:30:28.345+00:00",[122],"http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00344-003-0065-0",[311,326,339,352,374,390],{"id":312,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":313,"affiliations":314,"properties":323,"displayName":325,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"00c448bd-c141-4ecf-b760-c3015ce5464a",[128],[315],{"id":316,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":317,"properties":20},"2a2caccb-73db-413e-b486-fab2e295f70e",{"id":316,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":318,"slug":20,"properties":319,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":322,"statistic":20},[],{"title":320},{"VI":321},"RIKEN, Discovery Research Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan",[],{"title":324},{"VI":325},"Tadao 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Saitama 338-8570, Japan",[],{},{"title":372},{"VI":373},"Katsuhiko Sekimata",{"id":375,"sortIndex":376,"researcher":20,"roles":377,"affiliations":378,"properties":387,"displayName":389,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"0fa791c5-baaf-4ff4-85ad-7d60a6f2b54e",4,[128],[379],{"id":380,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":381,"properties":20},"58e8a0bd-07df-4317-9df1-01231e6d58a2",{"id":380,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":382,"slug":20,"properties":383,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":386,"statistic":20},[],{"title":384},{"VI":385},"RIKEN, Plant Science Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan",[],{"title":388},{"VI":389},"Yukihisa 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kinds of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses impose threat on growth and yield of crops. Amongst biotic stresses, Root knot nematode (RKN), especially Meloidogyne incognita act as one of the main constraints with wide range of hosts, that ultimately results in huge global losses in terms of yield and productivity. Nowadays, different soil micro biota has achieved importance as bio-control agents against RKNs. In this aspect, the present study was designed to assess the nematicidal potential of metabolites produced by Streptomyces sp. strain MR-14 against M. incognita in order to regulate its pathogenicity in plants. The current study revealed that metabolites present in crude extract showed 83% of mortality in juveniles of M. incognita. The work was further carried out in 7 days old M. incognita infested Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. The seedlings that were pre-treated with the metabolites in the form of crude extract and supernatant showed significant reduction in gall formation. Furthermore, treated seedlings showed enhanced photosynthetic activities as well as antioxidative defence mechanism. The microscopic studies were also assessed to screen the effect of microbial strain on the glutathione tagging and cell viability. The studies confirmed the potential of Streptomyces sp. strain MR-14 as biocontrol agent that not only promoted the plant growth but also improved the biochemical responses of the infected plants.",{"EN":483,"VI":484},"Bioefficacy of Bio-metabolites Produced by Streptomyces sp. Strain MR-14 in Ameliorating Meloidogyne incognita Stress in Solanum lycopersicum Seedlings","Hiệu lực sinh học của các chất chuyển hóa sinh học do Streptomyces sp. chủng MR-14 sinh ra trong việc giảm thiểu stress do Meloidogyne incognita ở cây con Solanum lycopersicum",{"VOID":486},"Abd-El-Khair H, El-Nagdi WMA, Youssef MMA, Abd-Elgawad MMM, Dawood MG (2019) Protective effect of Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cowpea. Bull Natl Res Centre 43(1):64\nAkhtar MS, Siddiqui ZA (2008) Biocontrol of a root-rot disease complex of chickpea by Glomus intraradices, Rhizobium sp. and Pseudomonas straita. Crop Prot 27:410–417\nAlscher RG, Erturk N, Heath LS (2002) Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. 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Anal Biochem 25:192–205\nSharma P, Pandey R (2009) Biological control of root-knot nematode; Meloidogyne incognita in the medicinal plant; Withania somnifera and the effect of biocontrol agents on plant growth. Afr J Agric Res 4(6):564–567\nSharma IP, Sharma AK (2017a) Co-inoculation of tomato with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus improves plant immunity and reduces root-knot nematode infection. Rhizosphere 4:25–28\nSharma IP, Sharma AK (2017b) Physiological and biochemical changes in tomato cultivar PT-3 with dual inoculation of mycorrhiza and PGPR against root-knot nematode. Symbiosis 71(3):175–183\nSharma M, Jasrotia S, Ohri P, Manhas RK (2019) Nematicidal potential of Streptomyces antibioticus strain M7 against Meloidogyne incognita. AMB Express 9(1):168\nSharma N, Khanna K, Manhas RK, Bhardwaj R, Ohri P, Alkahtani J, Alwahibi MS, Ahmad P (2020) Insights into the role of Streptomyces hydrogenans as the plant growth promoter, photosynthetic pigment enhancer and biocontrol agent against Meloidogyne incognita in Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. Plants 9(9):1109\nSiddiqui ZA (2005) PGPR: prospective biocontrol agents of plant pathogens. PGPR: biocontrol and biofertilization. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 111–142\nSidhu HS (2018) Potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the management of nematodes: a review. J Entomol Zool Stud 6(3):1536–1545\nSikora RA, Coyne D, Hallmann J, Timper P (2018) Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture. Cabi, Beijing\nStarr MP, Sayre RM (1988) Pasteuria thornei sp. Nov. and Pasteuria penetrans sensu stricto emend, mycelial and endospore-forming bacteria parasitic, respectively, on plant-parasitic nematodes of the genera Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne. Annales De L’institut Pasteur\u002Fmicrobiologie 139(1):11–31\nStewart CK, Lee JA (1974) The role of proline accumulation in halophytes. Planta 120:279–289\nSun MH, Gao L, Shi YX, Li BJ, Liu XZ (2006) Fungi and actinomycetes associated with Meloidogyne spp. eggs and females in China and their biocontrol potential. J Invert Pathol 93(1):22–28\nVasil’Eva IS, Vanyushkin SA, Zinov’Eva SV, Udalova ZV, Bolychevtseva YV, Paseshnichenko VA (2003) Photosynthetic pigments of tomato plants under conditions of biotic stress and effects of furostanol glycosides. Appl Biochem Microbiol 39(6):606–612\nVelikova V, Yordanov I, Edreva A (2000) Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants: protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Sci 151(1):59–66\nVerma RK, Sachan M, Vishwakarma K, Upadhyay N, Mishra RK, Tripathi DK, Sharma S (2018) Role of PGPR in sustainable agriculture: molecular approach toward disease suppression and growth promotion. In: Meena V (ed) Role of rhizospheric microbes in soil. Springer, Singapore, pp 259–290\nVos C, Claerhout S, Mkandawire R, Panis B, De Waele D, Elsen A (2012) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce root-knot nematode penetration through altered root exudation of their host. Plant Soil 354(1):335–345\nWang XJ, Wang M, Wang JD, Jiang L, Wang JJ, Xiang WS (2010) Isolation and identification of novel macrocyclic lactones from Streptomyces avermitilis NEAU1069 with acaricidal and nematocidal activity. J Agric Food Chem 58:2710–2714\nWeller DM (1988) Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria. Annu Rev Phytopathol 26(1):379–407\nZeng Q, Huang H, Zhu J, Fang Z, Sun Q, Bao S (2013) A new nematicidal compound produced by Streptomyces albogriseolus HA10002. Ant Van Leeuwenhoek 103:1107–1111\nZhai Y, Shao Z, Cai M, Zheng L, Li G, Huang D, Cheng W, Thomashow LS, Weller DM, Yu Z, Zhang J (2018) Multiple modes of nematode control by volatiles of Pseudomonas putida 1A00316 from Antarctic soil against Meloidogyne incognita. 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rubrum plants, induced to flower by three cycles of 12 h darkness and 12 h light, produced 42% less ethylene than vegetative plants kept under continuous light. Plants that had each dark cycle broken by 2 h light in the middle did not flower and produced almost as much ethylene as the vegetative plants. Shoots and roots of plants of all three experimental treatments had a similar content of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the mean amounting to about 2 nmol · g−1 dry weight. Also the content of N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) was similar in shoots of all three treatments. MACC content in roots was shown to be much higher, especially in the treatments with three dark periods (about 85 nmol · g−1 dry weight). When labeled [2,3-14C] ACC was administered, the relative contents of ACC and MACC were very similar among all three treatments. The only process influenced by flower induction was ACC conversion to ethylene. Induced plants converted 36% less ACC than the vegetative ones. Plants subjected to night-break converted almost as much ACC to ethylene as vegetative plants. 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Plant Physiol Biochem 40:1003–1009",{"doi":1429},"10.1016\u002FS0981-9428(02)01464-X",{"id":1431,"createTime":1432,"updateTime":1433,"relativeEntities":1434,"slug":1435,"properties":1436,"entityType":117,"verifyStatus":118,"verifyTime":1447,"verifyNote":120,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1448,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1449,"publicationType":234,"publisherRelationship":1610,"citationCount":21,"citationInfo":1660,"publishDate":1663,"publishYear":1661,"citationAnalyzeStatus":903,"lastCitationAnalyze":1433,"indexDatabases":1664,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":290},"676dc8b9-1912-4b11-8158-77b0aed09cde","2024-01-11T18:11:45.350+00:00","2026-07-25T13:01:24.188+00:00",[],"Signaling-and-Defence-Mechanism-of-Jasmonic-and-Salicylic-Acid-Response-in-Pulse-Crops-Role-of-WRKY-Transcription-Factors-in-Stress-Response",{"abstract":1437,"title":1439,"gsPaper":1441,"references":1443,"doi":1445},{"EN":1438},"Jasmonic Acid (JA), Salicylic Acid (SA) and its derivatives are important phytohormones that play fundamental roles in the plant defence mechanisms against various biotic and abiotic stresses. These hormones are essential in enabling plants to respond and adapt to challenging environmental conditions. They serve as key players in various plant signalling pathways and exhibit both antagonistic and synergistic effects on each other. JA primarily functions in defence against pathogenic organisms and herbivores, while SA plays a crucial role in combating biotrophic pathogens. Apart from biotic stresses, studies have shown that the application of JA and SA can enhance the resistance of pulses to abiotic stresses such as drought, temperature extremes, metal toxicity, and salt stress, which could be achieved through the regulation of specific gene expression. Under such conditions, the magnitude of JA and SA is regulated through a complex signalling system, which includes coordinated actions of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of enzymes, as well as modification of key proteins by other molecules. The WRKY70 transcription factor (TF) plays a significant role in the post-transcriptional regulation and modulation of genes such as NPR1, VSP1 VSP2, PR2, and PR10, which are associated with stimulating the plant defence response in the pulse crops. The regulation of JA and SA signalling pathways in pulse crops under stress conditions is complex, requiring a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, developing well-organized strategies for the exogenous application of JA\u002FSA and its derivatives in pulses becomes crucial in mitigating the impact of these stresses. 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Afr J Biotechnol 9:7086–7093",{},{"id":20,"text":2030,"url":20,"identifiers":2031},"Rafiq MT, Aziz R, Yang X, Xiao W, Rafiq MK, Ali B, Li T (2014) Cadmium phytoavailability to rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in representative Chinese soils. A model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety. Ecotox Environ Saf 103:101–107",{"doi":2032},"10.1016\u002Fj.ecoenv.2013.10.016",{"id":20,"text":2034,"url":20,"identifiers":2035},"Sasaki A, Yamaji N, Yokosho K, Ma JF (2012) Nramp5 is a major transporter responsible for manganese and cadmium uptake in rice. Plant Cell 24:2155–2167",{"doi":2036},"10.1105\u002Ftpc.112.096925",{"id":20,"text":2038,"url":20,"identifiers":2039},"Song W, Chen S, Liu J, Chen L, Song N, Li N, Liu B (2015) Variation of Cd concentration in various rice cultivars and derivation of cadmium toxicity thresholds for paddy soil by species-sensitivity distribution. 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International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines, pp 61–66",{},{"id":20,"text":2100,"url":20,"identifiers":2101},"Zhang X, Chen H, Jiang H, Lu W, Pan J, Qian Q, Xue D (2015) Measuring the damage of heavy metal cadmium in rice seedlings by SRAP analysis combined with physiological and biochemical parameters. 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Strawberry slices at different ripening stages were incubated with GA3. A significant decrease on respiratory activity depending on GA3 concentration was obtained. Also GA3 was applied to whole and deachened fruit at white and green ripening stages. Our results show that GA3 has an inhibitory effect on strawberry fruit ripening, evidenced by a decrease in the respiratory activity and a delay in anthocyanin synthesis and chlorophylls degradation.",{"EN":2113},"Effect of gibberellic acid on ripening of strawberry fruits (Fragaria annanassa Duch.)",{"VOID":2115},"[\"11874383573203380536\"]",{"VOID":2117},"Abdel-Gawad H, Romani RJ (1974) Hormone-induced reversal of color change and related respiratory effects in ripening apricot fruits. Physiol Plant 32:161–165\nAbeles FB, Takeda F (1990) Cellulase activity and ethylene in ripening strawberry and apple fruit. Sci Hort 42 (4):269–275\nBabbitt JK, Powers MJ, Patterson ME (1973) Effects of growthregulators on cellulase, polygalacturonase, respiration, color and texture of ripening tomatoes. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 98 (1):77–81\nBen-Arie R, Bazak H, Blumenfeld A (1986) Gibberellin delays harvest and prolongs storage life of persimmon fruits. Acta Hort 179:807–813\nBen-Arie R, Ferguson IB (1990) Ethylene production by growing and senescing pear fruit cell suspensions in response to gibberellin. Plant Physiol 95:943–947\nBiale JB (1978) On the interface of horticulture and plant physiology. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 29:1–23\nBruinsma J (1963) The quantitative analysis of chlorophylls a and b in plants extracts. Photochem Photobiol 2 (2):241–249\nCheng GW, Patrick JB (1991) Activity of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) and concentration of anthocyanins and phenolics in developing strawberry fruit. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 116 (5):865–869\nFacteau TJ, Rowe KE, Chestnut NE (1985) Firmness of sweet cherry fruit following multiple applications of gibberellic acid. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 110 (6):775–777\nGiven NK, Venis NA, Grierson D (1988a) Hormonal regulation of ripening in the strawberry, a non-climateric fruit. Planta 174:402–406\nGiven NK, Venis NA, Grierson D (1988b) Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase activity and anthocyanins synthesis in ripening strawberry fruit. J Plant Physiol 133:25–30\nGiven NK, Venis NA, Grierson D (1988c) Purification and properties of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase from strawberry fruit and its synthesis during ripening. J Plant Physiol 133: 31–37\nHinderer W, Petersen M, Seitz HV (1984) Inhibition of flavonoid biosynthesis by gibberellic acid in cell suspensions cultures of Daucus carota L. Planta 160:544–549\nKhader SESA, Singh BP, Khan SA (1988) Effect of GA3 as a post-harvest treatment of mango fruit on ripening, amylase and peroxidase activity and quality during storage. Sci Hort 36:261–266\nNitsch JP (1950) Growth and morphogenesis of the strawberry as related to auxin. Am J Bot 37:211–215\nSouthwick SM, Poovaiah BW (1987) Auxin movement in strawberry fruit corresponds to its growth-promoting activity. Amer Soc Hort Sci 112 (1): 139–142\nWoodward JR (1972) Physical and chemical changes in developing strawberry fruits. 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Añón",{"VOID":2169},"[\"eEFEAvwAAAAJ\"]",{"url":2121,"publisher":2171,"properties":2217},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":2172,"slug":10,"properties":2173,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":2177,"manageAffiliations":2186,"indexDatabases":2197,"url":87,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":2212,"gsStatistic":20,"type":96,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":2174,"title":2175,"eissn":2176},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},{"VOID":17},[2178,2182],{"id":24,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2179,"label":2180,"description":2181,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":27},{},{"id":30,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2183,"label":2184,"description":2185,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":33},{},[2187,2192],{"id":37,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2188,"slug":20,"properties":2189,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2191,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2190},{"EN":41},[],{"id":44,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2193,"slug":20,"properties":2194,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2196,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2195},{"EN":48},[50],[2198,2205],{"id":53,"indexDatabase":2199,"url":64,"indexYears":65,"academicFieldIds":2204,"indexDatabaseRanking":69},{"id":55,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2200,"label":2201,"description":2202,"key":61,"publicationTags":2203,"standard":20},[],{"EN":58,"VI":58},{"EN":58,"VI":60},[63],[67,68],{"id":71,"indexDatabase":2206,"url":84,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":2211,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":73,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2207,"label":2208,"description":2209,"key":80,"publicationTags":2210,"standard":20},[],{"EN":76,"VI":76},{"EN":78,"VI":79},[82,83],[86],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":2213,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":90,"totalPublicationByYear":2214,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":2215,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":2216,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"1983":92,"1989":92,"1991":92,"1997":93,"2004":92,"2005":92,"2007":92,"2013":93,"2014":92,"2015":92,"2016":92,"2017":92,"2018":92,"2020":92,"2021":93,"2022":93},{},{},{"pages":2218,"volume":2220},{"VOID":2219},"87-91",{"VOID":2221},"13",{"total":21,"publishYear":2223,"statisticByYear":2224},1994,{},"1994-04-01","2026-07-22T19:12:01.536+00:00",[82,69],{"id":2229,"createTime":2230,"updateTime":2231,"relativeEntities":2232,"slug":2233,"properties":2234,"entityType":117,"verifyStatus":118,"verifyTime":2243,"verifyNote":120,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":2244,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":2245,"publicationType":234,"publisherRelationship":2274,"citationCount":21,"citationInfo":2326,"publishDate":2329,"publishYear":2327,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":2330,"indexDatabases":2331,"openAccess":20,"references":2332,"isForceReanalyzing":290},"7b6e3b77-51d9-4385-8053-4579eb770c50","2023-12-27T10:20:42.272+00:00","2026-07-22T02:03:53.300+00:00",[],"Synthesis-and-Biological-Activity-of-Urea-and-Thiourea-Derivatives-from-2-Aminoheterocyclic-Compounds",{"abstract":2235,"title":2237,"gsPaper":2239,"doi":2241},{"EN":2236},"Thirty-eight N-substituted-N′-(2-thiazolyl and furfuryl)ureas and thioureas were prepared by reaction of 2-aminothiazole and 2-furfurylamine with the appropriate iso(thio)cyanate. All compounds were tested for herbicidal activity and selectivity on seedlings of wheat (a monocotyledonous plant) and cucumber (a dicotyledonous plant). Only one compound (1) out of 14 ureas was characterized by considerable herbicidal activity against the wheat seedlings and two compounds (1 and 2) - towards the cucumber seedlings. The phenylurea derivative of 2-aminothiazole (1) was 1.7-fold more and the 3-chlorophenylurea derivative of 2-furfurylamine (23) was equally as active as the standard diuron with respect to selective herbicidal activity. Among 24 thioureas, four compounds (15,16,17, and 18) to displayed the highest selective herbicidal activity and two other compounds (19 and 33) were almost equal to diuron activity. Selective herbicidal ratio (SHR) represents the degree of herbicidal effect of the investigated compounds compared to diuron at both test objects. Four compounds (16,17,18, and 23) possessed SHR \u003C\u003C 100 in the wheat seedlings while in the cucumber seedlings they had SHR >> 100. Therefore these compounds were substantially more active herbicides to the wheat seedlings as compared to diuron. The cytokinin-like activity of the synthesized compounds was also investigated in terms of betacyanin synthesis and radish cotyledon enlargement. The urea derivatives exhibited mostly high cytokinin-like activity but their activity remained lower than those of kinetin and N-phenyl-N′-(4-pyridyl)urea. The N-(3-fluorophenyl)-N′-(2-thiazolyl)urea (2) possessed the greatest activity at 10 μM while the corresponding compound with 3-chlorophenyl (4) was the most active cytokinin-like substance in the whole concentration range tested. Attention was also given to structure-activity relationships for the screened compounds. In general, the ureas and thioureas containing a 2-thiazole ring were more active than those containing a 2-furfuryl residue.",{"EN":2238},"Synthesis and Biological Activity of Urea and Thiourea Derivatives from 2-Aminoheterocyclic Compounds",{"VOID":2240},"[\"870794389861056824\"]",{"VOID":2242},"10.1007\u002Fs00344-003-0054-3","2024-05-01T10:23:59.083+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00344-003-0054-3",[2246,2261],{"id":2247,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":2248,"affiliations":2249,"properties":2258,"displayName":2260,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"b40ad2a3-4eb9-4d9e-b3d7-f7c24d257e93",[128],[2250],{"id":2251,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":2252,"properties":20},"7b91057b-ef85-4d12-a70f-4efb647affd2",{"id":2251,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2253,"slug":20,"properties":2254,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2257,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2255},{"VI":2256},"Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria",[],{"title":2259},{"VI":2260},"P. A. Yonova",{"id":2262,"sortIndex":92,"researcher":20,"roles":2263,"affiliations":2264,"properties":2271,"displayName":2273,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"ec0ecccb-8402-4601-9296-067c2c7ed54d",[128],[2265],{"id":2251,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":2266,"properties":20},{"id":2251,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2267,"slug":20,"properties":2268,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2270,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2269},{"VI":2256},[],{"title":2272},{"VI":2273},"G. M. Stoilkova",{"url":2244,"publisher":2275,"properties":2321},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":2276,"slug":10,"properties":2277,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":2281,"manageAffiliations":2290,"indexDatabases":2301,"url":87,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":2316,"gsStatistic":20,"type":96,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":2278,"title":2279,"eissn":2280},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},{"VOID":17},[2282,2286],{"id":24,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2283,"label":2284,"description":2285,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":27},{},{"id":30,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2287,"label":2288,"description":2289,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":33},{},[2291,2296],{"id":37,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2292,"slug":20,"properties":2293,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2295,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2294},{"EN":41},[],{"id":44,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2297,"slug":20,"properties":2298,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2300,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2299},{"EN":48},[50],[2302,2309],{"id":53,"indexDatabase":2303,"url":64,"indexYears":65,"academicFieldIds":2308,"indexDatabaseRanking":69},{"id":55,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2304,"label":2305,"description":2306,"key":61,"publicationTags":2307,"standard":20},[],{"EN":58,"VI":58},{"EN":58,"VI":60},[63],[67,68],{"id":71,"indexDatabase":2310,"url":84,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":2315,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":73,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2311,"label":2312,"description":2313,"key":80,"publicationTags":2314,"standard":20},[],{"EN":76,"VI":76},{"EN":78,"VI":79},[82,83],[86],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":2317,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":90,"totalPublicationByYear":2318,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":2319,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":2320,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"1983":92,"1989":92,"1991":92,"1997":93,"2004":92,"2005":92,"2007":92,"2013":93,"2014":92,"2015":92,"2016":92,"2017":92,"2018":92,"2020":92,"2021":93,"2022":93},{},{},{"pages":2322,"volume":2324},{"VOID":2323},"280-291",{"VOID":2325},"23",{"total":21,"publishYear":2327,"statisticByYear":2328},2005,{},"2005-04-07","2026-07-22T02:03:53.299+00:00",[82,69],[2333,2336,2339,2342,2345,2350,2353,2356,2361,2364,2367,2370,2373,2378,2383,2386,2389,2394,2397,2401,2404,2407,2410,2413,2416,2421,2424,2429,2433,2436,2439,2444,2447,2450,2453,2456,2459,2464,2467,2470,2473],{"id":20,"text":2334,"url":20,"identifiers":2335},"Arndt, Fr, Schulz, H, Rusch, R (1977) “Composition containing 1,2,3-thiadiazolylurea for defoliating plants” Ger Offen 2 506 960",{},{"id":20,"text":2337,"url":20,"identifiers":2338},"GS Basarab M Pifferitti M Bolinski (1991) ArticleTitleThe chemistry and biological activity of a new class of azole fungicides Pestic Sci 31 403–417 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXlt12rurg%3D",{},{"id":740,"text":2340,"url":742,"identifiers":2341},"NL Biddington TH Thomas (1973) ArticleTitleA modified Amaranthus betacyanins bioassay for the rapid determination of cytokinin in plant extracts Planta (Berl.) 111 183–186 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXktVagu74%3D",{"doi":744},{"id":20,"text":2343,"url":20,"identifiers":2344},"Burkard, W, Rheiner, A, Richle, R (1972) “Antimalarial thiazolylthioureas” U S 3767 804, 1971. Ger. Offen. 2 137 045",{},{"id":20,"text":2346,"url":2347,"identifiers":2348},"PL Cavender CM Green SB Mack (1988) ArticleTitleAntisenescence activity of 4,5-disubstituted imidazoles: new cytokinin mimics J Agric Food Chem 36 1076–1079 Occurrence Handle10.1021\u002Fjf00083a041 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlt1Cgs7w%3D","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fjf00083a041",{"doi":2349},"10.1021\u002Fjf00083a041",{"id":20,"text":2351,"url":20,"identifiers":2352},"H Chen Li Zh Y Han (2000) ArticleTitleSynthesis and fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani of 2-alkyl(alkylthio)-5-pyrazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (Thiadiazoles) J Agric Food Chem 48 5312–5315 Occurrence Handle10.1021\u002Fjf991065s Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnsVaksbo%3D Occurrence Handle11087478",{},{"id":20,"text":2354,"url":20,"identifiers":2355},"D Creuzburg R Kleiner M Klepel M Gross (1977) ArticleTitleGrowth regulating properties of substituted pyrazolyl-phenyl ureas. Int. Conf. on Regulation of Developmental Processes in Plants. Abstracts Halle (Ger.) . 228",{},{"id":20,"text":2357,"url":2358,"identifiers":2359},"A Darlington K Vishnevetskaia TJ Blake (1996) ArticleTitleGrowth enhancement and antitranspirant activity following seed treatment with a derivative of 5-hydroxybenzimidazole (Ambiol) in four drought-stressed agricultural species Physiol Plant 97 217–222 Occurrence Handle10.1034\u002Fj.1399-3054.1996.970202.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xjslyhsbk%3D","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1034\u002Fj.1399-3054.1996.970202.x",{"doi":2360},"10.1034\u002Fj.1399-3054.1996.970202.x",{"id":20,"text":2362,"url":20,"identifiers":2363},"FE Dayan AC Vincent JG Romagni et al. 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West Pharmacol Soc 33 199–203 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXlvVCit7o%3D Occurrence Handle2274536",{},{"id":740,"text":2387,"url":742,"identifiers":2388},"Isogai, Y. (1981) “Cytokinin activities of N-phenyl-N′-(4-pyridyl)ureas” In: Guern, J, Peaud-Lenoel, C (eds.), Metabolism and molecular activities of cytokinins, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 115",{"doi":744},{"id":20,"text":2390,"url":2391,"identifiers":2392},"H Iwamura N Masuda K Koshimizu S Matsubara (1979) ArticleTitleCytokinin-agonistic and antagonistic activities of 4-substituted-2-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidmes, 7-deaza analogs of cytokinin-active adenine derivatives Phytochemistry 18 217–222 Occurrence Handle10.1016\u002F0031-9422(79)80058-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXkvVCqt7w%3D","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002F0031-9422(79)80058-8",{"doi":2393},"10.1016\u002F0031-9422(79)80058-8",{"id":20,"text":2395,"url":20,"identifiers":2396},"Kano, S, Hagiwara, K, Sato, T, Ando, M, Hashimoto, J “Thiazolylthiourea derivatives, acaricides and insecticides” Japan Kokai 7796, 739",{},{"id":20,"text":2398,"url":20,"identifiers":2399},"NP Kefford MI Bruce JA Zwar (1966) ArticleTitleCytokinin activities of phenylurea derivatives—bud growth Planta 68 292–296 Occurrence Handle10.1007\u002FBF00385289 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF28XoslOmsQ%3D%3D",{"doi":2400},"10.1007\u002FBF00385289OccurrenceHandle1:CAS:528:DyaF28XoslOmsQ%3D%3",{"id":740,"text":2402,"url":742,"identifiers":2403},"JS Kerr GA Boswell (1992) ArticleTitleN-[2-(2-oxo-l-imidazolidinyl)ethyl]-3-phenyl-urea and analogs as agents for induction of antioxidant enzymes Chem Abstr 116 P728g",{"doi":744},{"id":20,"text":2405,"url":20,"identifiers":2406},"N Kumar PS Mittal AP Taneja VP Kudesia (1989) ArticleTitleSynthesis of potential fungicides and nematocides; thiazolyl thiocarbamides Acta Cienc Indica Chem 15 265–270 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXitlynsA%3D%3D",{},{"id":740,"text":2408,"url":742,"identifiers":2409},"EH Lee CM Chen (1982) ArticleTitleStudies on the mechanisms of ozone tolerance: cytokinin-like activity of N-[2-(2-oxo-l-imidazolidinyl)ethyl]-N′-phenylurea, a compound protecting against ozone injury Physiol Plant 56 486–491 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXjtFKnsw%3D%3D",{"doi":744},{"id":20,"text":2411,"url":20,"identifiers":2412},"EH Lee JA Bennett (1985) ArticleTitleSuperoxide dismutase: A possible protective enzyme against ozone injury in snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Physiol Plant 76 479–484",{},{"id":20,"text":2414,"url":20,"identifiers":2415},"DS Letham (1971) ArticleTitleRegulators of cell division in plant tissues. XII. A cytokinin bioassay using excised radish cotyledons Physiol Plant 25 391–396 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE38XpsFGltQ%3D%3D",{},{"id":20,"text":2417,"url":2418,"identifiers":2419},"NM Mallipudi A Lee IP Kapoor GJ Hollingsaus (1994) ArticleTitleSynthesis and insecticidal activity of novel N-oxalyl-N-methylcarbamates J Agric Food Chem 42 1019–1025 Occurrence Handle10.1021\u002Fjf00040a035 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXitlyit70%3D","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fjf00040a035",{"doi":2420},"10.1021\u002Fjf00040a035",{"id":20,"text":2422,"url":20,"identifiers":2423},"AR Mishra S Singh A Wahab (2000) ArticleTitleAntifungal activity of new 1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]-s-triazine-5,7-diones and their 5-thioxo-7-ones J Agric Food Chem 48 5465–5468 Occurrence Handle10.1021\u002Fjf990742f Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnt1Kjs78%3D Occurrence Handle11087503",{},{"id":20,"text":2425,"url":2426,"identifiers":2427},"MC Mok DWS Mok DJ Armstrong K Shudo Y Isogai T Okamoto (1982) ArticleTitleCytokinin activity of N-phenyl-N′-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea (thidiazuron) Phytochemistry 21 1509–1511 Occurrence Handle10.1016\u002F0031-9422(82)85007-3 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXht1ylsg%3D%3D","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0031-9422(82)85007-3",{"doi":2428},"10.1016\u002Fs0031-9422(82)85007-3",{"id":20,"text":2430,"url":20,"identifiers":2431},"S Nishikawa M Kurono K Shibayama S Okuno M Inagaki N Kashimura (2000) ArticleTitleSynthesis and cytokinin activity of fluorescent 7-phenylethynylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and its riboside J Agric Food Chem 48 2559–2564 Occurrence Handle10.1021\u002Fjf0000225 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtlGrtbY%3D Occurrence Handle10888584",{"doi":2432},"10.1021\u002Fjf0000225OccurrenceHandle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtlGrtbY%3DOccurrenceHandle10888584",{"id":740,"text":2434,"url":742,"identifiers":2435},"Okamoto, T, Shudo, K, Isogai, Yo (1983) “Structural and biological links between urea and purine cytokinins” In: Miyamoto, J, Kearney, PC (eds.), lupac pesticide chemistry (vol 1) Human welfare and the environment, Pergamon Press, pp 333-338",{"doi":744},{"id":20,"text":2437,"url":20,"identifiers":2438},"P Pevarello P Orsini G Traquandi et al. (2001) ArticleTitle3(5)-Acylaminopyrazole derivatives: process for their preparation and their use as antitumor agents Chem (abstract) 134 P178552e",{},{"id":20,"text":2440,"url":2441,"identifiers":2442},"X Qian (1999) ArticleTitleQuantitative studies on structure-activity relationship of sulfonylurea and benzoylphenylurea type pesticides and their substituents’ bioisosterism using Synthons’ activity contribution J Agric Food Chem 47 4415–4418 Occurrence Handle10.1021\u002Fjf981174r Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmslCluro%3D Occurrence Handle10552827","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1021\u002Fjf981174r",{"doi":2443},"10.1021\u002Fjf981174r",{"id":20,"text":2445,"url":20,"identifiers":2446},"M Santrucek J Krepelka (1988) ArticleTitleAntioxidants - potential chemotherapeutic agents Drugs Future 13 974–996",{},{"id":20,"text":2448,"url":20,"identifiers":2449},"Sasse, K, Braden, R, Eue, L, Hack, H (1969) “Furfurylurea herbicides” Pat S African 69 00 256",{},{"id":20,"text":2451,"url":20,"identifiers":2452},"LD Smirnov YV Kuznetsov LM Apasheva et al. (1984) ArticleTitle4-Aminomethyl derivatives of 2-methyl-5-hydroxy-benzimidazole with growth stimulating activity Chem (abstract) 101 P186147k",{},{"id":740,"text":2454,"url":742,"identifiers":2455},"RGD Steel JH. Torrie (1960) Principles and procedures of statistics with special reference to the biological sciences McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York, Toronto, London",{"doi":744},{"id":20,"text":2457,"url":20,"identifiers":2458},"A Sumiyuki O Masayoshi (1967) ArticleTitleAntiviral activity of thiazole-thiourea derivatives Yakugaku Zasshi 87 1006–1024 Occurrence Handle4295894",{},{"id":20,"text":2460,"url":2461,"identifiers":2462},"S Takahashi K Shudo T Okamoto K Yamada Isogai Yo (1978) ArticleTitleCytokinin activity of N-phenyl-N′-(4-pyridyl)urea derivatives Phytochemistry 17 1201–1207 Occurrence Handle10.1016\u002FS0031-9422(00)94556-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXpvVCgtQ%3D%3D","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fs0031-9422(00)94556-4",{"doi":2463},"10.1016\u002Fs0031-9422(00)94556-4",{"id":20,"text":2465,"url":20,"identifiers":2466},"N Teruhisa I Naoo K Yoshisuke K Saburo (1972) ArticleTitleThiazole urea plant growth regulators Japan 71 9–214",{},{"id":20,"text":2468,"url":20,"identifiers":2469},"GN Vassilev PA Yonova VI Mihailov ZD Raikov (1984) ArticleTitleSynthesis and biological activity of certain N-(2-chloroethyl)-N′-pyridyl and methylpyridylureas Compt Rend Acad Bulg Sci 37 811–814",{},{"id":20,"text":2471,"url":20,"identifiers":2472},"PA Yonova ND Izvorska Lilov DTs GN Vassilev RN Belcheva (1989) ArticleTitleAction of the synthetic cytokinins of the urea type on the growth and development of cytokinin-dependent tissue cultures Compt Rend Acad Bulg Sci 42 135–138",{},{"id":20,"text":2474,"url":20,"identifiers":2475},"RKJ Zee-Cheng CC Cheng (1979) ArticleTitleAntileukemic activity of substituted ureido-thiazoles, ureidothiadiazoles and related compounds J Med Chem 22 28–32 Occurrence Handle10.1021\u002Fjm00187a007 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXpslegtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle423179",{"doi":2476},"10.1021\u002Fjm00187a007OccurrenceHandle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXpslegtA%3D%3DOccurrenceHandle423179",{"id":2478,"createTime":2479,"updateTime":2480,"relativeEntities":2481,"slug":2482,"properties":2483,"entityType":117,"verifyStatus":118,"verifyTime":2494,"verifyNote":120,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":2495,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":2496,"publicationType":234,"publisherRelationship":2566,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":2618,"publishYear":2327,"citationAnalyzeStatus":2619,"lastCitationAnalyze":2620,"indexDatabases":2621,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":290},"70d0c52b-ae35-4a21-8162-eac88d89bc6f","2024-01-22T05:00:19.168+00:00","2026-07-21T05:08:35.017+00:00",[],"EST-Sequencing-from-Embryogenic-Cyclamen-persicum-Cell-Cultures-Identifies-a-High-Proportion-of-Transcripts-Homologous-to-Plant-Genes-Involved-in-Somatic-Embryogenesis",{"abstract":2484,"title":2486,"gsPaper":2488,"references":2490,"doi":2492},{"EN":2485},"To learn more about the process of somatic embryogenesis in the economically important ornamental plant Cyclamen persicum, we initiated an expressed sequence tag (EST) project. A normalized cDNA library was constructed from embryogenic cell material in different developmental stages, and clones were subsequently sequenced from the 5′ end. A total of 2083 filtered EST with an average length of 499 bases were analyzed in this study and submitted to the international sequence databases. By computational analyses, the Cyclamen transcripts were annotated and checked against plant genes previously described to be involved in somatic embryogenesis. Approximately one third of those genes were covered by the Cyclamen EST analyzed in this study. A high proportion of homologs to genes involved in somatic embryogenesis in the model system Daucus carota (carrot) were found in the Cyclamen EST collection. Of special interest are transcripts encoding gibberellin oxidases and somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases (SERK), both of which were confirmed to be important for development of embryos from somatic carrot cells. In addition, the set of candidate genes was expanded by using gene ontology (GO) annotations as well as by comparison with EST that were shown to be upregulated during Glycine max (soybean) somatic embryogenesis in a microarray approach. Our computational biology approach disclosed a set of around 90 candidate genes that now can be tested in the wet lab for their influence on somatic embryogenesis in Cyclamen. The annotated Cyclamen transcripts are available via \n                  http:\u002F\u002Fwww.Cyclamen-est.de\n                  \n                .",{"EN":2487},"EST Sequencing from Embryogenic Cyclamen persicum Cell Cultures Identifies a High Proportion of Transcripts Homologous to Plant Genes Involved in Somatic Embryogenesis",{"VOID":2489},"[]",{"VOID":2491},"R Aida Y Hirose S Kishimoto M Shibata (1999) ArticleTitleAgrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of Cyclamen persicum Mill Plant Sci 148 1–7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsFaitbk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016\u002FS0168-9452(99)00072-2\nSF Altschul TL Madden AA Schaffer J Zhang Z Zhang et al. (1997) ArticleTitleGapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs Nucleic Acids Res 25 3389–3402 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlvFyhu7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1093\u002Fnar\u002F25.17.3389 Occurrence Handle9254694 Occurrence Handle146917\nR Apweiler A Bairoch CH Wu WC Barker B Boeckmann et al. (2004) ArticleTitleUniProt: the Universal Protein knowledgebase Nucleic Acids Res 32 IssueID(Database issue) D115–D119 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVSru7vK Occurrence Handle10.1093\u002Fnar\u002Fgkh131 Occurrence Handle14681372 Occurrence Handle308865\nAshburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA, Botstein D, Butler H, others. 2000. Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium. Nat Genet 25:25–29\nM Boase G Marshall T Peters M Bendall (2002) ArticleTitleLong-term expression of the gusA reporter gene in transgenic Cyclamen produced from etiolated hypocotyls explants Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 70 27–39 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkvVaisbg%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023\u002FA:1016001124197\nE Camon M Magrane D Barrell D Binns W Fleischmann et al. (2003) ArticleTitleThe Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project: implementation of GO in SWISS-PROT, TrEMBL, and InterPro Genome Res 13 662–672 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjt1Sqt7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10.1101\u002Fgr.461403 Occurrence Handle12654719 Occurrence Handle430163\nChang S, Puryear J, Cairney J. 1993. A simple and efficient method for isolating RNA from pine trees. Plant Mol Biol Rep 11:113–116\nChugh A, Khurana P. 2002. Gene expression during somatic embryogenesis—recent advances. Current Sci 83:715–730\nB Ewing L Hillier MC Wendl P Green (1998) ArticleTitleBase-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred. I. Accuracy assessment Genome Res 8 175–185 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitlWlu78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1101\u002Fgr.8.3.175 Occurrence Handle9521921\nHalperin W. 1966. Alternative morphogenetic events in cell suspensions. Am J Bot 53:443–451\nMA Harris J Clark A Ireland J Lomax M Ashburner et al. (2004) ArticleTitleThe Gene Ontology (GO) database and informatics resource Nucleic Acids Res 32 IssueID (Database issue) D258–D261 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3srpvFyhtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle14681407\nV Hecht JP Vielle-Calzada MV Hartog ED Schmidt K Boutilier et al. (2001) ArticleTitleThe Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 1 gene is expressed in developing ovules and embryos and enhances embryogenic competence in culture Plant Physiol 127 803–816 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXos1KntbY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1104\u002Fpp.010324 Occurrence Handle11706164 Occurrence Handle129253\nA Hohe T Winkelmann H Schwenkel (1999a) ArticleTitleCO2 accumulation in bioreactor suspension cultures of Cyclamen persicum Mill. and its effect on cell growth and regeneration of somatic embryos Plant Cell Rep 18 863–867 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktVWqtL8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007\u002Fs002990050675\nA Hohe T Winkelmann H Schwenkel (1999b) ArticleTitleThe effect of oxygen partial pressure in bioreactors on cell proliferation and subsequent differentiation of somatic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 59 39–45 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXksFSns7c%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023\u002FA:1006323009860\nHohe A, Winkelmann T, Schwenkel H. 2001. Development of somatic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Mill. in liquid culture. Gartenbauwissenschaft 66:219–224\nIseli C, Jongeneel CV, Bucher P. 1999. ESTScan: a program for detecting, evaluating, and reconstructing potential coding regions in EST sequences. In: Lengauer T, Schneider R, Bork P, Brutlag DL, Glasgow JI, others. International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology. Menlo Park, CA, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, p 138–148\nD Lang J Eisinger R Reski SA Rensing (2005) ArticleTitleRepresentation and high-quality annotation of the Physcomitrella patens transcriptome demonstrates a high proportion of proteins involved in metabolism among mosses Plant Biol 7 238–250 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlslKnt7o%3D Occurrence Handle10.1055\u002Fs-2005-837578 Occurrence Handle15912443\nW Mitsuhashi T Toyomasu H Masui T Katho K Nakaminami et al. (2003) ArticleTitleGibberellin is essentially required for carrot (Daucus carota L.) somatic embryogenesis: dynamic regulation of gibberellin 3-oxidase gene expressions Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67 2438–2447 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXps1elsrw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1271\u002Fbbb.67.2438 Occurrence Handle14646205\nNJ Mulder R Apweiler TK Attwood A Bairoch D Barrell et al. (2003) ArticleTitleThe InterPro Database, 2003 brings increased coverage and new features Nucleic Acids Res 31 315–318 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhvFSmsbo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1093\u002Fnar\u002Fgkg046 Occurrence Handle12520011 Occurrence Handle165493\nKE Nolan RR Irwanto RJ Rose (2003) ArticleTitleAuxin up-regulates MtSERK1 expression in both Medicago truncatula root-forming and embryogenic cultures Plant Physiol 133 218–230 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntlaitb0%3D Occurrence Handle10.1104\u002Fpp.103.020917 Occurrence Handle12970488 Occurrence Handle196599\nSA Rensing S Rombauts Y Peer ParticleVan de R Reski (2002) ArticleTitleMoss transcriptome and beyond Trends Plant Sci 7 535–538 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XptlWjs78%3D Occurrence Handle10.1016\u002FS1360-1385(02)02363-4 Occurrence Handle12475493\nSY Rhee W Beavis TZ Berardini G Chen D Dixon et al. (2003) ArticleTitleThe Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR): a model organism database providing a centralized, curated gateway to Arabidopsis biology, research materials and community Nucleic Acids Res 31 224–228 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhvFSnurk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1093\u002Fnar\u002Fgkg076 Occurrence Handle12519987\nED Schmidt F Guzzo MA Toonen SC Vries Particlede (1997) ArticleTitleA leucine-rich repeat containing receptor-like kinase marks somatic plant cells competent to form embryos Development 124 2049–2062 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjvV2qsLc%3D Occurrence Handle9169851\nSchwenkel H. (2001). Introduction: botany—economic importance—cultivars—micropropagation of C. persicum. In: Schwenkel H, editor . Reproduction of Cyclamen persicum Mill. through somatic embryogenesis using suspension culture systems. (EUR 19697). Publication of the European Commission\nSchwenkel H, Winkelmann T. 1998. Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from ovules of Cyclamen persicum Mill. Plant Tiss Cult Biotechnol 4:28–34\nSeyring M, Hohe A. 2005. Induction of desiccation-tolerance in somatic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Mill. J Hort Sci Biotechnol 80:65–69\nF Thibaud-Nissen RT Shealy A Khanna LO Vodkin (2003) ArticleTitleClustering of microarray data reveals transcript patterns associated with somatic embryogenesis in soybean Plant Physiol 132 118–136 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktVGgs7s%3D Occurrence Handle10.1104\u002Fpp.103.019968 Occurrence Handle12746518 Occurrence Handle166958\nY Tokuji K Kuriyama (2003) ArticleTitleInvolvement of gibberellin and cytokinin in the formation of embryogenic cell clumps in carrot (Daucus carota) J Plant Physiol 160 133–141 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXivVWgsLY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1078\u002F0176-1617-00892 Occurrence Handle12685029\nD Ware P Jaiswal J Ni X Pan K Chang et al. (2002) ArticleTitleGramene: a resource for comparative grass genomics Nucleic Acids Res 30 103–105 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xht12kt7g%3D Occurrence Handle10.1093\u002Fnar\u002F30.1.103 Occurrence Handle11752266 Occurrence Handle99157\nWinkelmann T, Hohe A, Pueschel A, Schwenkel H. 2000. Somatic embryogenesis in Cyclamen persicum Mill. Curr Topics Plant Biol 2:51–62\nWinkelmann T, Hohe A, Schwenkel H. 1998. Establishing embryogenic suspension cultures in Cyclamen persicum “Purple Flamed.” Adv Hort Sci 12:25–30\nWinkelmann T, Meyer L, Serek M. 2004. Desiccation of somatic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Mill. J Hort Sci Biotechnol 79:479–483\nL Zimmerman (1993) ArticleTitleSomatic embryogenesis: a model for early development in higher plants Plant Cell 5 1411–1423 Occurrence Handle10.1105\u002Ftpc.5.10.1411 Occurrence Handle12271037 Occurrence Handle160372",{"VOID":2493},"10.1007\u002Fs00344-005-0033-y","2024-06-26T19:00:44.248+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00344-005-0033-y",[2497,2512,2525,2538,2551],{"id":2498,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":2499,"affiliations":2500,"properties":2509,"displayName":2511,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"a26fc2aa-42a4-432e-8154-8b75f6788983",[128],[2501],{"id":2502,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":2503,"properties":20},"cb118b72-4bf0-4e04-ad3b-5d5406b5772c",{"id":2502,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2504,"slug":20,"properties":2505,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2508,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2506},{"VI":2507},"Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany",[],{"title":2510},{"VI":2511},"Stefan A. 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