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Brief communications (1-3 journal pages) are also accepted and a special effort is made to ensure their rapid publication. Reports of scientific meetings in periodontology and related fields are also published. 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The present study was undertaken to compare the immunogenicity of freeze‐dried cortical bone allografts with fresh cancellous bone and marrow allografts.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Cortical bone from a donor baboon was deep frozen and then freeze‐dried. Cancel lous bone and marrow was removed from the same donor.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Angular periodontal osseous defects in the jaws of 2 recipient baboons received freeze‐dried osseous allografts and a third animal received fresh marrow allografts. Three months later the animals received a second identical osseous graft in the arch diagonally opposite the first recipient site.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Prior to placing the first grafts and 3 weeks after the second graft was in place \u003Cjats:sup>51\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>Cr release assays were done for cytotoxic antibody and cytotoxic lymphocytes to determine if the osseous allograft materials induced immune responses on the part of the recipient animals.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>After the second grafts were in place for 3 weeks, the serum and lymphocytes of the animal grafted with allogeneic cancellous bone and marrow showed a higher degree of cytotoxicity for donor target cells than sera and cells from animals grafted with freeze‐dried material.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>The results indicate that there was little or no immune response, as detected by the assays used, to freeze‐dried cortical bone allografts in comparison to fresh cancellous bone and marrow allografts.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":115},"Antigenicity of freeze‐dried bone aIlograft in periodontal osseous defects",{"VOID":117},"6453975",{"VOID":119},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1981.tb00952.x","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","2024-12-10T22:39:02.905+00:00","Auto Verify",[125],"EN","https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1981.tb00952.x",[128,148],{"id":129,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":130,"affiliations":131,"properties":143},"b223b94c-5cea-43f3-aaff-c1bce2340c8c",[],[132],{"id":133,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":134,"properties":24},"e525571e-1198-4a5a-9942-69adee0f513b",{"id":135,"createTime":136,"updateTime":137,"relativeEntities":138,"slug":139,"properties":140,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"09202fc4-3267-4a2e-a7a6-1c864e82cbcc","2024-12-10T22:39:02.922+00:00","2025-06-11T22:05:12.811+00:00",[],"Dental-Research-Branch-Naval-Medical-Research-Institute-Bethesda-Maryland-U-S-A-",{"title":141},{"EN":142},"Dental Research Branch, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.",{"openalex":144,"title":146},{"VOID":145},"A5041190961",{"EN":147},"Donald W. 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W., 1977, Tissue banking: The United States Navy Tissue Bank, Military Medicine, 141, 503, 10.1093\u002Fmilmed\u002F142.7.503",{"doi":211},"10.1093\u002Fmilmed\u002F142.7.503",{"id":24,"text":213,"url":24,"identifiers":214},"Brooks D. B., 1963, Immunological factors in homogenous bone transplantation. IV. The effects of various methods of preparation and irradiation on antigenicity, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 45, 1617, 10.2106\u002F00004623-196345080-00004",{"doi":215},"10.2106\u002F00004623-196345080-00004",{"id":24,"text":217,"url":24,"identifiers":218},"Brunner K. T., 1970, Studies of allograft immunity in mice. I. Induction, development and in vitro assay of cellular immunity, Immunology, 18, 501",{},{"id":24,"text":220,"url":24,"identifiers":221},"Burchardt H., 1978, Freezedried allogeneic segmental cortical‐bone grafts in dogs, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 60, 1082, 10.2106\u002F00004623-197860080-00011",{"doi":222},"10.2106\u002F00004623-197860080-00011",{"id":24,"text":224,"url":24,"identifiers":225},"Burwell R. G., 1961, Studies in the transplantation of bone. I. Assessment of antigenicity. Seriological studies, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 43, 814, 10.1302\u002F0301-620X.43B4.814",{"doi":226},"10.1302\u002F0301-620X.43B4.814",{"id":24,"text":228,"url":24,"identifiers":229},"Burwell R. G., 1962, Studies in the transplantation of bone. III. The immune response of lymph nodes draining components of fresh hemologous cancellous bone and homologous bone treated by different methods, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 45, 131, 10.1302\u002F0301-620X.44B1.131",{"doi":230},"10.1302\u002F0301-620X.44B1.131",{"id":24,"text":232,"url":24,"identifiers":233},"Burwell R. G., 1963, Studies in the transplantation of bone V. The capacity of fresh and treated homografts of bone to evoke transplantation immunity, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 45, 386, 10.1302\u002F0301-620X.45B2.386",{"doi":234},"10.1302\u002F0301-620X.45B2.386",{"id":24,"text":236,"url":24,"identifiers":237},"Burwell R. G., 1963, Studies in the transplantation of bone. VI. Further observations concerning the antigenicity of homologous cortical and cancellous bone, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 45, 597, 10.1302\u002F0301-620X.45B3.597",{"doi":238},"10.1302\u002F0301-620X.45B3.597",{"id":24,"text":240,"url":24,"identifiers":241},"Carr C. R., 1955, Clinical evaluation of freeze‐dried bone grafts, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 37, 549, 10.2106\u002F00004623-195537030-00010",{"doi":242},"10.2106\u002F00004623-195537030-00010",{"id":24,"text":244,"url":24,"identifiers":245},"10.1902\u002Fjop.1975.46.2.71",{"doi":244},{"id":24,"text":247,"url":24,"identifiers":248},"10.1902\u002Fjop.1976.47.9.506",{"doi":247},{"id":24,"text":250,"url":24,"identifiers":251},"10.1016\u002FB978-0-12-107750-1.50031-5",{"doi":250},{"id":24,"text":253,"url":24,"identifiers":254},"Chalmers J., 1959, Transplantation immunity in bone homografting, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 41, 160, 10.1302\u002F0301-620X.41B1.160",{"doi":255},"10.1302\u002F0301-620X.41B1.160",{"id":24,"text":257,"url":24,"identifiers":258},"10.1159\u002F000231262",{"doi":257},{"id":24,"text":260,"url":24,"identifiers":261},"Friedlaender G. E., The antigenicity of freezedried and deep‐frozen bone allografts in rabbits, Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Refrigeration",{},{"id":24,"text":263,"url":24,"identifiers":264},"Friedlaender G. E., 1976, Studies on the antigenicity of bone. I. Freeze‐dried and deep‐frozen bone allografts in rabbits, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 58, 854, 10.2106\u002F00004623-197658060-00018",{"doi":265},"10.2106\u002F00004623-197658060-00018",{"id":24,"text":267,"url":24,"identifiers":268},"Friedlaender G. E., 1976, The antigenicity of preserved bone allografts, Transactions of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 1, 130",{},{"id":24,"text":270,"url":24,"identifiers":271},"Friedlaender G. E., Bone allograft antigenicity in an experimental model and in man, Proceeds of the International Symposium on Preservation and Storage of Organs and Tissue for Transplant",{},{"id":24,"text":273,"url":24,"identifiers":274},"10.1097\u002F00007890-197103000-00005",{"doi":273},{"id":24,"text":276,"url":24,"identifiers":277},"Kreuz F. P., 1951, The preservation and clinical use of freeze‐dried bone, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 33, 863, 10.2106\u002F00004623-195133040-00005",{"doi":278},"10.2106\u002F00004623-195133040-00005",{"id":24,"text":280,"url":24,"identifiers":281},"Kossowska‐Paul B., 1966, Studies on the regional lymph node blastic reaction evoked by allogeneic grafts of fresh and preserved bone tissue, Bulletin de I'Academic Polonaise des Sciences. Serie des sciences biologiques, 14, 651",{},{"id":24,"text":283,"url":24,"identifiers":284},"Lightbody J. J., 1971, Cell mediated lympholysis in man after sensitization of effector lymphocytes through mixed lymphocyte cultures, Giornale di Batteriologica, Virologia ed Immunologia, 64, 243",{},{"id":24,"text":286,"url":24,"identifiers":287},"Lightbody J. J., 1976, Manual of Clinical Immunology, 856",{},{"id":24,"text":289,"url":24,"identifiers":290},"10.1016\u002F0030-4220(68)90230-2",{"doi":289},{"id":24,"text":292,"url":24,"identifiers":293},"10.1902\u002Fjop.1976.47.3.125",{"doi":292},{"id":24,"text":295,"url":24,"identifiers":296},"10.1111\u002Fj.1749-6632.1960.tb49987.x",{"doi":295},{"id":24,"text":298,"url":24,"identifiers":299},"10.1902\u002Fjop.1972.43.2.67",{"doi":298},{"id":24,"text":301,"url":24,"identifiers":302},"Sell K. W., The effect of sterilizing doses of irradiation or the histocompatibility antigens of frozen and freeze‐dried tissue grafts, Proceedings of the International Atomic Energy Agency Meetings on the Effect of Sterilizing Radiation Doses Upon the Antigenic Properties of Proteins and Biologic Tissues",{},{"id":24,"text":304,"url":24,"identifiers":305},"10.1902\u002Fjop.1978.49.1.9",{"doi":304},{"id":24,"text":307,"url":24,"identifiers":308},"Strong D. M., 1975, Immunological responsiveness of frozen thawed human lymphocytes, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 21, 442",{},{"id":24,"text":310,"url":24,"identifiers":311},"Strong D. M., Immunogenicity of freezedried and deep‐frozen bone allografts, International Conference on Cryoimmunology",{},{"id":24,"text":313,"url":24,"identifiers":314},"10.1016\u002F0011-2240(76)90132-2",{"doi":313},{"id":24,"text":316,"url":24,"identifiers":317},"10.1001\u002Farchsurg.1975.01360100058011",{"doi":316},false,{"id":320,"createTime":321,"updateTime":321,"relativeEntities":322,"slug":323,"properties":324,"entityType":120,"verifyStatus":121,"verifyTime":321,"verifyNote":123,"syncStatus":23,"languages":338,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":339,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":340,"publicationType":164,"publisherRelationship":390,"citationCount":422,"citationInfo":423,"publishDate":425,"publishYear":426,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":427,"isForceReanalyzing":318},"cdbf291b-d3d8-457f-a6ae-9e062fb95e81","2025-01-08T22:22:05.213+00:00",[],"Immunohistochemical-localization-of-chondroitin-sulfate-and-dermatan-sulfate-proteoglycan-in-human-gingival-connective-tissue",{"mag":325,"keywords":327,"openalex":328,"abstract":330,"title":332,"pm":334,"doi":336},{"VOID":326},"2005398850",{},{"VOID":329},"W2005398850",{"EN":331},"\u003Cjats:p>This study investigated the immunohistochemical localization of chondroitin sulfate (chondroitin, 4‐sulfate and 6‐sulfate) and dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (PG) in human gingival connective tissue, using monoclonal antibodies. Dermatan sulfate was found to be widespread in connective tissue, with an especially strong response shown in collagen fiber bundles under the epithelial basement membrane. Chondroitin 4‐sulfale occurred widely in connective tissue but showed only a weak response. Chondroitin 6‐sulfate was located in peripheral blood vessels. Chondroitin was not detected in gingival connective tissue.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":333},"Immunohistochemical localization of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycan in human gingival connective tissue",{"VOID":335},"2533255",{"VOID":337},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1989.tb00875.x",[125],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1989.tb00875.x",[341,360,375],{"id":342,"sortIndex":201,"researcher":24,"roles":343,"affiliations":344,"properties":355},"8993827f-92f7-450e-b140-9530dbfb7cff",[],[345],{"id":346,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":347,"properties":24},"f04d072a-c51a-4cbc-84d1-35b4c33e91ad",{"id":348,"createTime":349,"updateTime":349,"relativeEntities":350,"slug":351,"properties":352,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"6534dbc1-6e04-4d60-aec6-05420826d3bf","2025-01-08T22:22:05.220+00:00",[],"Department-of-Periodontology-Asahi-University-School-of-Dentistry-Gifu-Prefecture-Japan",{"title":353},{"EN":354},"Department of Periodontology. Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu Prefecture, Japan",{"openalex":356,"title":358},{"VOID":357},"A5111888681",{"EN":359},"Yoshimi Iwayama",{"id":361,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":362,"affiliations":363,"properties":370},"55ef5337-49b4-40f9-871e-74e82b2f6f86",[],[364],{"id":365,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":366,"properties":24},"9bc68370-6c17-4e59-8e75-2be0ffb395ba",{"id":348,"createTime":349,"updateTime":349,"relativeEntities":367,"slug":351,"properties":368,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},[],{"title":369},{"EN":354},{"openalex":371,"title":373},{"VOID":372},"A5102463480",{"EN":374},"Toshiaki 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B, 1985, Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against connective tissue proteoglycans, Fed Proc, 44, 386",{},{"id":24,"text":468,"url":24,"identifiers":469},"Sobue M, 1987, Immunohistochemical localization of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycan in human connective tissues, Connective Tissue Res, 19, 117",{},{"id":24,"text":471,"url":24,"identifiers":472},"10.1177\u002F36.5.3356894",{"doi":471},{"id":24,"text":474,"url":24,"identifiers":475},"10.1016\u002F0003-9969(88)90045-3",{"doi":474},{"id":24,"text":477,"url":24,"identifiers":478},"10.2329\u002Fperio.29.797",{"doi":477},{"id":24,"text":480,"url":24,"identifiers":481},"10.1042\u002Fbj1510121",{"doi":480},{"id":24,"text":483,"url":24,"identifiers":484},"10.1016\u002FS0008-6215(00)87109-8",{"doi":483},{"id":486,"createTime":487,"updateTime":487,"relativeEntities":488,"slug":489,"properties":490,"entityType":120,"verifyStatus":121,"verifyTime":487,"verifyNote":123,"syncStatus":23,"languages":504,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":505,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":506,"publicationType":164,"publisherRelationship":558,"citationCount":590,"citationInfo":591,"publishDate":593,"publishYear":594,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":595,"isForceReanalyzing":318},"b5f6f777-d8b4-430f-91b9-dce67d69bb13","2025-01-25T22:20:37.747+00:00",[],"Effect-of-dental-plaque-extracts-on-mammalian-cells-in-vitro",{"mag":491,"keywords":493,"openalex":494,"abstract":496,"title":498,"pm":500,"doi":502},{"VOID":492},"2060202242",{},{"VOID":495},"W2060202242",{"EN":497},"\u003Cjats:p>It is now generally accepted that chronic periodontitis probably follows the accumulation of bacterial plaque on teeth surfaces. Some investigators have claimed to show that substances from plaque damage cells \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, but their results appear difficult to assess. The present investigation was a further attempt at examining the effect of substances in an aqueous plaque extract on mammalian cell cultures \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. In addition, this effect was compared with that caused by substances in saliva. Plaque was collected onto ice from patients requiring dental treatment. The plaque was pooled, and homogenised in carrier saline (Earle's saline from which NaH\u003Cjats:sub>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>PO\u003Cjats:sub>4\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>, NaHCO\u003Cjats:sub>3\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>, and glucose had been omitted). The mixture was homogenised at 4°C. centrifuged, and the supernatant fraction, the plaque extract (PE), sterilised by millipore filtration. Unstimulated whole saliva was centrifuged, and the supernatant fraction sterilised in the same way as the Pe # HeLa, L 929, and BHK 21 C 13 established cell cultures, and foetal human lung fibroblasts at 4th passage in cell culture, were grown in Eagle's medium with Earle's saline, calf serum to 10% v\u002Fv, and penicillin and streptomycin each to 100 units per ml. The PE was found to contain material which damaged HeLa cells, and prevented the growth of all 4 cell types. This material did not seem to detach any of these cells from the dish, and was 20 times more concentrated in plaque than in saliva. These results indicate that mammalian cell cultures can be used to detect toxic substances in aqueous plaque extracts. These substances may possibly irritate junctional epithelium at the base of the gingival sulcus or pocket \u003Cjats:italic>in vivo\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":499},"Effect of dental plaque extracts on mammalian cells in vitro",{"VOID":501},"4269772",{"VOID":503},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1973.tb01120.x",[125],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1973.tb01120.x",[507,526,543],{"id":508,"sortIndex":201,"researcher":24,"roles":509,"affiliations":510,"properties":521},"79ee60d2-23e5-4657-947a-dad84224dfdc",[],[511],{"id":512,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":513,"properties":24},"ef907cac-e846-454a-96a0-cce96a06f1fe",{"id":514,"createTime":515,"updateTime":515,"relativeEntities":516,"slug":517,"properties":518,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"a2a8a7f9-5937-4171-b21c-af9a9a4689b2","2025-01-25T22:20:37.774+00:00",[],"Department-of-Oral-Medicine-Dental-Hospital-and-School-Department-of-Biochemistry-University-of-Glasgow-and-Department-of-Dental-Health-University-of-Dundee-Scotland",{"title":519},{"EN":520},"Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Hospital and School, Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow and Department of Dental Health, University of Dundee, Scotland",{"openalex":522,"title":524},{"VOID":523},"A5110538372",{"EN":525},"Geoffrey Cowley",{"id":527,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":528,"affiliations":529,"properties":536},"7b9a6eb7-46df-4035-87b0-4235829eb695",[],[530],{"id":531,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":532,"properties":24},"da2b43c4-747f-4b0e-9b98-ea22b6ed5c9e",{"id":514,"createTime":515,"updateTime":515,"relativeEntities":533,"slug":517,"properties":534,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},[],{"title":535},{"EN":520},{"openalex":537,"orcid":539,"title":541},{"VOID":538},"A5022336272",{"VOID":540},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1119-773X",{"EN":542},"Martin Levine",{"id":544,"sortIndex":150,"researcher":24,"roles":545,"affiliations":546,"properties":553},"dc34f79f-4bec-453e-8691-25b99b5e596f",[],[547],{"id":548,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":549,"properties":24},"6053457d-b507-494c-8206-e4708515ad84",{"id":514,"createTime":515,"updateTime":515,"relativeEntities":550,"slug":517,"properties":551,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},[],{"title":552},{"EN":520},{"openalex":554,"title":556},{"VOID":555},"A5110798366",{"EN":557},"R. 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Adams",{"url":24,"publisher":559,"properties":584},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":560,"slug":10,"properties":561,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":567,"manageAffiliations":568,"indexDatabases":569,"url":96,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":562,"issn":563,"introduce":564,"eissn":565,"title":566},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},{"VOID":19},{"EN":21},[],[],[570,577],{"id":78,"indexDatabase":571,"url":93,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":576,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":80,"createTime":81,"updateTime":82,"relativeEntities":572,"label":573,"description":574,"key":89,"publicationTags":575,"standard":24},[],{"EN":85,"VI":85},{"VI":87,"EN":88},[91,92],[95],{"id":59,"indexDatabase":578,"url":72,"indexYears":73,"academicFieldIds":583,"indexDatabaseRanking":76},{"id":61,"createTime":62,"updateTime":63,"relativeEntities":579,"label":580,"description":581,"key":69,"publicationTags":582,"standard":24},[],{"EN":66,"VI":66},{"EN":66,"VI":68},[71],[75],{"volume":585,"pages":587,"issue":589},{"VOID":586},"8",{"VOID":588},"296-303",{"VOID":421},45,{"total":590,"publishYear":24,"statisticByYear":592},{"2021":201},"1973-10-01",1973,[596,599,602,605,608,611,614,617,620,623,626,629,632,635,638,642],{"id":24,"text":597,"url":24,"identifiers":598},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1970.tb00724.x",{"doi":597},{"id":24,"text":600,"url":24,"identifiers":601},"Cobb C. M., 1967, The effects of exudate from the periodontal pocket on cell culture, Periodontics, 5, 5",{},{"id":24,"text":603,"url":24,"identifiers":604},"Earle W. R, 1943, Changes induced in a strain of fibroblasts from a strain C3H mouse by the action of 20 methyl cholanthrene, J. nath. Cancer Inst., 3, 555",{},{"id":24,"text":606,"url":24,"identifiers":607},"Gey G. O., 1952, Tissue culture studies of the proliferative capacity of cervical carcinoma and normal epithelium, Cancer Res., 12, 264",{},{"id":24,"text":609,"url":24,"identifiers":610},"Löe H, 1968, Periodontal Therapy, 33",{},{"id":24,"text":612,"url":24,"identifiers":613},"10.1902\u002Fjop.1969.40.12.678",{"doi":612},{"id":24,"text":615,"url":24,"identifiers":616},"10.1016\u002F0042-6822(62)90290-8",{"doi":615},{"id":24,"text":618,"url":24,"identifiers":619},"Paul J, 1970, Cell and tissue culture, 25",{},{"id":24,"text":621,"url":24,"identifiers":622},"10.1177\u002F00220345630420012401",{"doi":621},{"id":24,"text":624,"url":24,"identifiers":625},"Rosenoer V. M., 1966, Cells and Tissues in Culture, 351",{},{"id":24,"text":627,"url":24,"identifiers":628},"Sanford K. K., 1948, The growth in vitro of single isolated tissue cells, J. natn. Cancer Inst., 9, 229",{},{"id":24,"text":630,"url":24,"identifiers":631},"10.1146\u002Fannurev.pa.09.040169.002141",{"doi":630},{"id":24,"text":633,"url":24,"identifiers":634},"Schroeder H. E., 1971, Monographs in Developmental Biology Series, 106",{},{"id":24,"text":636,"url":24,"identifiers":637},"Spector W. G., 1968, The pharmacology of inflammation, 104",{},{"id":24,"text":639,"url":24,"identifiers":640},"Suomi J. D., 1971, The effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on the progression of periodontal disease in adults: results after third and final year, J. Periodont, 42, 152, 10.1902\u002Fjop.1971.42.3.152",{"doi":641},"10.1902\u002Fjop.1971.42.3.152",{"id":24,"text":643,"url":24,"identifiers":644},"10.1016\u002FB978-1-4831-9797-5.50011-1",{"doi":643},{"id":646,"createTime":647,"updateTime":647,"relativeEntities":648,"slug":649,"properties":650,"entityType":120,"verifyStatus":121,"verifyTime":647,"verifyNote":123,"syncStatus":23,"languages":664,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":665,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":666,"publicationType":164,"publisherRelationship":732,"citationCount":763,"citationInfo":764,"publishDate":774,"publishYear":775,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":776,"isForceReanalyzing":318},"7d73b629-b5fb-4e28-aa8b-6498c22df780","2025-01-25T22:20:35.460+00:00",[],"Experimental-gingivitis-in-man",{"mag":651,"keywords":653,"openalex":654,"abstract":656,"title":658,"pm":660,"doi":662},{"VOID":652},"2156137182",{},{"VOID":655},"W2156137182",{"EN":657},"\u003Cjats:p>After 9–21 days without oral hygiene eleven experimental subjects with previously excellent oral hygiene and healthy gingivae developed heavy accumulations of plaque and generalized mild gingivitis. The individual rate of development of gingivitis was closely correlated with the rate of plaque accumulation. Characteristic bacteriological changes were revealed in the plaque along the gingival margin during this experiment. Initially, i.e. when the teeth were clean and the gingiva healthy, the extremely sparse plaque flora consisted almost exclusively of gram‐positive cocci and rods. The first phase of plaque development occurred during the first 2 days without oral hygiene and consisted of a proliferation of the gram‐positive cocci and rods and an addition of about 30 per cent gram‐negative cocci and rods. During the second phase (after 1–4 days) fusobacteria and filaments appeared and increased until they each made up about seven per cent of the flora. During the third phase (after 4–9 days) the flora was supplemented with spirilla and spirochetes, and at the end of the period without oral hygiene each of these two groups of organisms accounted for about two per cent of the plaque flora. In specific areas the gingival condition was correlated with the composition of the plaque and it was found that mild gingivitis could be diagnosed clinically at approximately the same time as the complex flora was established. However, sub‐clinical inflammation started much earlier, probably as a reaction to the first phases of plaque development. When oral hygiene was reinstituted, the plaque in most areas disappeared in 1–2 days and after 7–11 days the Plaque Index for each subject was as low as before the experiment. Correspondingly, after 1–2 days most tooth surfaces only harbored the original sparse flora of gram‐positive cocci and rods. The gingival inflammation in an area usually disappeared one day after the plaque had been removed.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":659},"Experimental gingivitis in man",{"VOID":661},"4224181",{"VOID":663},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1966.tb01842.x",[125],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1966.tb01842.x",[667,686,701,717],{"id":668,"sortIndex":150,"researcher":24,"roles":669,"affiliations":670,"properties":681},"a172a7cf-7d91-4f33-aa3f-5c3dec9dcdb0",[],[671],{"id":672,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":673,"properties":24},"4e265dee-79d4-444a-b499-c30f214eb8c9",{"id":674,"createTime":675,"updateTime":675,"relativeEntities":676,"slug":677,"properties":678,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"36d8492f-3c31-4460-834e-a23b276e12e0","2025-01-25T22:20:35.486+00:00",[],"The-Departments-of-Microbiology-Oral-Diagnosis-and-Periodontology-The-Royal-Dental-College-Aarhus-Denmark",{"title":679},{"EN":680},"The Departments of Microbiology, Oral Diagnosis, and Periodontology, The Royal Dental College, Aarhus, Denmark",{"openalex":682,"title":684},{"VOID":683},"A5028573509",{"EN":685},"W. 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Rcvy, 15, 381",{},{"id":24,"text":946,"url":24,"identifiers":947},"Egelberg J., 1965, Local effect of diet on plaque formation and development of gingivitis in dogs. I. Effect of hard and soft diets, Odont. Revy, 16, 31",{},{"id":24,"text":949,"url":24,"identifiers":950},"Egelberg J., 1967, The topography and permeability of vessels at the dento‐gingival junction in dogs, J. periodont. Rex.",{},{"id":24,"text":952,"url":24,"identifiers":953},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1968.tb01937.x",{"doi":952},{"id":24,"text":955,"url":24,"identifiers":956},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1970.tb01833.x",{"doi":955},{"id":24,"text":958,"url":24,"identifiers":959},"Golub E. S., 1966, The role of lysosomes in hypersensitivity reactions: Tissue damage by polymorphonuclear neutrophil lysosomes, J. 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In this study, we investigated the involvement of caspases in apoptotic cell death of \u003Cjats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>‐infected macrophages. Two peptide inhibitors of caspases, benzyloxycarbonyl‐Val‐Ala‐Asp (OMe)‐fluoromethyl ketone (Z‐VAD‐FMK) and benzyloxycarbonyl‐Asp‐Glu‐Val‐Asp (OMe)‐fluoromethyl ketone (Z‐DEVD‐FMK), inhibited apoptotic cell death of murine macrophage cell line J774.1 infected with \u003Cjats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. During the process of apoptosis, interleukin‐1β(IL‐1β) was detected in the culture supernatants of J774.1 cells. IL‐1β secretion was blocked by the caspase‐1 inhibitor, Z‐VAD‐FMK, indicating that caspase‐1 is involved in not only the induction of apoptosis but also the IL‐1β secretion from \u003Cjats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>‐infected J774.1 cells. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the infection of \u003Cjats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> to J774.1 cells induced the cleavage of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), suggesting that caspase‐3 was activated by \u003Cjats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> infection. The cytosol from \u003Cjats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>‐infected J774.1 cells induced Rb proteolysis \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, which was inhibited by the caspase‐3 inhibitor, Z‐DEVD‐FMK. Furthermore, caspase‐3‐like activity was markedly increased in J774.1 cells infected with \u003Cjats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> between 12 h and 24 h, which was subsequently inhibited by the addition of caspase‐3 inhibitor, Z‐DEVD‐FMK. These findings indicate that caspase‐3 induces apoptosis in J774.1 cells infected with \u003Cjats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. 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and Objective: \u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Differential expression of genes in human periodontal ligament (PDL) under mechanical stress, such as orthodontic force, is thought to be involved in the remodeling of PDL cells and periodontal tissues. However, little is known about the genes expressed in PDL cells under mechanical stress.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Material and Methods: \u003C\u002Fjats:bold> We employed microarray analysis to assess, in a comprehensive manner, the gene expression profiles in PDL cells compressed by a static force using an \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> three‐dimensional culture system. Six genes were selected and validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis, consistent with the microarray data.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Results: \u003C\u002Fjats:bold> The microarray data revealed that 108 of 30,000 genes tested were differentially expressed by mechanical force loading. Among them, 85 genes were up‐regulated by mechanical stress, while 23 genes were down‐regulated, judging by the thresholds of a two‐fold increase\u002Fdecrease compared with the controls. Thirty‐two of the up‐regulated and eight of the down‐regulated genes, well‐characterized in protein function, were involved in numerous biological processes including cell communication, cell signaling, cell cycle, stress response, and calcium release. However, several genes differentially expressed in our microarray data have not been well defined as stress‐response molecules.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Conclusion: \u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Our microarray is the first to show the gene profile in PDL cells caused by mechanical stress; however, further studies to clarify the physiological function of these molecules in PDL cells are required.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1237},"Identification of genes related to mechanical stress in human periodontal ligament cells using microarray 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is remodelled by the coordinated actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Cellular remodelling occurs in discrete packets of bone, and is regulated by local cytokines produced in the environment of the remodelling cells. These cytokines are secreted by immune cells and by bone cells. In addition, some growth regulatory factors are incorporated into the noncollagenous bone matrix and are released in an active form when bone is stimulated to resorb. Complex interactions between these cytokines and their target cells are responsible for the normal delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation, and disorders of bone loss are due to imbalances between the rates of resorption and formation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1517},"Inflammatory mediators and the destruction of bone",{"VOID":1519},"1831844",{"VOID":1521},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1991.tb01647.x",[125],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1991.tb01647.x",[1525],{"id":1526,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1527,"affiliations":1528,"properties":1540},"d9455f00-67f0-4079-bcb6-8e9378fc1f45",[],[1529],{"id":1530,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1531,"properties":24},"700e8623-1ded-4234-b289-42ddd5335cc3",{"id":1532,"createTime":1533,"updateTime":1534,"relativeEntities":1535,"slug":1536,"properties":1537,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"afb8376a-6aaf-4d11-b6aa-7ff7d7f39137","2024-01-01T10:52:48.633+00:00","2025-02-09T19:38:03.300+00:00",[],"University-of-Texas-Health-Science-Center-San-Antonio-Texas-USA",{"title":1538},{"VI":1539},"University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas USA",{"openalex":1541,"title":1543},{"VOID":1542},"A5110026446",{"EN":1544},"Gregory R. 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OreffoROC MayorK MundyGR.Inorganic phosphate inhibits osteoclast formation and the activity of mature osteoclasts.J Bone Min Res1990(in press).",{},{"id":24,"text":1602,"url":24,"identifiers":1603},"10.1016\u002FS0021-9258(18)67143-1",{"doi":1602},{"id":24,"text":1605,"url":24,"identifiers":1606},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.82.8.2267",{"doi":1605},{"id":24,"text":1608,"url":24,"identifiers":1609},"Seyedin SM, 1986, Cartilage‐inducing factor A: Apparent identity to transforming growth factor beta, J Biol Chem, 261, 5693, 10.1016\u002FS0021-9258(17)38436-3",{"doi":1610},"10.1016\u002FS0021-9258(17)38436-3",{"id":24,"text":1612,"url":24,"identifiers":1613},"10.1210\u002Fendo-124-6-2991",{"doi":1612},{"id":24,"text":1615,"url":24,"identifiers":1616},"Marcelli C, 1990, In vivo effects of human recombinant transforming growth factor beta on bone turnover in normal mice, Calcif Tiss Int, 46, A40",{},{"id":24,"text":1618,"url":24,"identifiers":1619},"10.1172\u002FJCI113318",{"doi":1618},{"id":24,"text":1621,"url":24,"identifiers":1622},"10.1210\u002Fendo-118-1-74",{"doi":1621},{"id":24,"text":1624,"url":24,"identifiers":1625},"10.1210\u002Fendo-125-3-1142",{"doi":1624},{"id":24,"text":1627,"url":24,"identifiers":1628},"10.1210\u002Fendo-125-5-2780",{"doi":1627},{"id":24,"text":1630,"url":24,"identifiers":1631},"Obberghen‐Schilling E, 1988, Transforming growth factor‐β positively regulates its own expression in normal and transformed cells, J Biol Chem, 263, 7741, 10.1016\u002FS0021-9258(18)68561-8",{"doi":1632},"10.1016\u002FS0021-9258(18)68561-8",{"id":24,"text":1634,"url":24,"identifiers":1635},"10.1126\u002Fscience.3969553",{"doi":1634},{"id":24,"text":1637,"url":24,"identifiers":1638},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-051X.1989.tb02334.x",{"doi":1637},{"id":24,"text":1640,"url":24,"identifiers":1641},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.84.13.4616",{"doi":1640},{"id":24,"text":1643,"url":24,"identifiers":1644},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.86.7.2398",{"doi":1643},{"id":24,"text":1646,"url":24,"identifiers":1647},"10.1056\u002FNEJM198708273170902",{"doi":1646},{"id":24,"text":1649,"url":24,"identifiers":1650},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V73.8.2145.2145",{"doi":1649},{"id":24,"text":1652,"url":24,"identifiers":1653},"10.1182\u002Fblood.V74.1.380.380",{"doi":1652},{"id":24,"text":1655,"url":24,"identifiers":1656},"10.1172\u002FJCI114392",{"doi":1655},{"id":24,"text":1658,"url":24,"identifiers":1659},"BlackKS MundyGR GarrettIR.Interleukin‐6 causes hypercalcemia in vivo and enhances the bone resorbing potency of interleukin‐1 and tumor necrosis factor by two orders of magnitude in vitro.J Bone Min Res1990(in press).",{},{"id":24,"text":1661,"url":24,"identifiers":1662},"Sato K, 1989, Paraneoplastic syndrome of hypercalcemia and leukocytosis caused by squamous carcinoma cells (T3M‐1) producing parathyroid hormone‐related protein, interleukin‐1‐alpha, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, Cancer Res, 49, 4740",{},{"id":24,"text":1664,"url":24,"identifiers":1665},"10.1210\u002Fendo-124-5-2172",{"doi":1664},{"id":24,"text":1667,"url":24,"identifiers":1668},"Sabatini M., 1990, Stimulation of tumor necrosis factor release from monocytic cells by the A375 human melanoma via granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor, Cancer Res, 50, 2673",{},{"id":24,"text":1670,"url":24,"identifiers":1671},"Sabatini M, 1990, Increased production of tumor necrosis factor by normal immune cells in a model of the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, Lab Invest, 63, 676",{},{"id":24,"text":1673,"url":24,"identifiers":1674},"Yoneda T., 1989, Hypercalcemia in a human tumor is due to tumor necrosis factor production by host immune cells, J Bone Min Res, 4, 826",{},{"id":1676,"createTime":1677,"updateTime":1677,"relativeEntities":1678,"slug":1679,"properties":1680,"entityType":120,"verifyStatus":121,"verifyTime":1677,"verifyNote":123,"syncStatus":23,"languages":1694,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1695,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1696,"publicationType":164,"publisherRelationship":1805,"citationCount":1837,"citationInfo":1838,"publishDate":1840,"publishYear":1841,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":1842,"isForceReanalyzing":318},"e6e4ee26-76ce-4259-b5e5-a6e19b362368","2024-09-03T18:17:25.427+00:00",[],"Calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-acts-as-a-mitogen-for-human-Gin-1-gingival-fibroblasts-by-activating-the-MAP-kinase-signalling-pathway",{"mag":1681,"keywords":1683,"openalex":1684,"abstract":1686,"title":1688,"pm":1690,"doi":1692},{"VOID":1682},"2128730976",{},{"VOID":1685},"W2128730976",{"EN":1687},"\u003Cjats:p>In many peripheral tissues, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is released from peptidergic sensory nerve fibres and acts like a growth factor during tissue development and regeneration. However, the ability of CGRP to influence gingival tissue has not been studied. To address this question, we have now examined the effects of CGRP on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (Gin‐1) \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Gin‐1 cells have approximately 3100 specific CGRP‐binding sites with a Kd of 38.6 pM on their surface. Treatment with CGRP (0.1‐100 nM) significantly stimulated cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, with maximal effects at 1‐10 nM CGRP after 2 d. As one early cellular response to CGRP, p44‐MAPK protein (also known as the extracellular signal response kinase [ERK]) was tyrosine‐ and threonine‐phosphorylated within 2 min, and this phosphorylation was sustained for at least 1 h. The dose‐response curve of MAPK activation was very similar to that observed for CGRP's stimulation of ceil proliferation. In addition, CGRP's activation of MAPK stimulated its ability to phosphorylate the Elk‐1 transcription factor. When cells were pretreated with PD98059, a selective inhibitor of MAPK kinase (also known as MEK), CGRP not only failed to induce phosphorylation of MAPK but also failed to stimulate Gin‐1 cell proliferation. Our present data indicate that CGRP rapidly activates the MAPK signalling pathway, an effect which consequently stimulates the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts. Our data demonstrate specific cellular responses to CGRP by gingival fibroblasts and support the possibility that CGRP acts as a targeted local factor in the regulation of development, generation and or regeneration of gingival tissues.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1689},"Calcitonin gene‐related peptide acts as a mitogen for human Gin‐1 gingival fibroblasts by activating the MAP kinase signalling pathway",{"VOID":1691},"10384404",{"VOID":1693},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1999.tb02237.x",[125],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0765.1999.tb02237.x",[1697,1716,1731,1750,1769,1790],{"id":1698,"sortIndex":150,"researcher":24,"roles":1699,"affiliations":1700,"properties":1711},"1ded0e7a-c32d-421f-98fa-ff1bb872860d",[],[1701],{"id":1702,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1703,"properties":24},"5dbec2f7-3b28-4e9c-99c9-5c0c7e1aa280",{"id":1704,"createTime":1705,"updateTime":1705,"relativeEntities":1706,"slug":1707,"properties":1708,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"a6dfbb34-f04a-4f62-8de9-fe72994cc909","2024-09-03T18:17:25.453+00:00",[],"Department-of-Periodontology-Niigata-University-School-of-Dentistry-Niigata-951-8514-Japan",{"title":1709},{"EN":1710},"Department of Periodontology, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Niigata 951‐8514, Japan",{"openalex":1712,"title":1714},{"VOID":1713},"A5102400751",{"EN":1715},"Kazuhiro Okuda",{"id":1717,"sortIndex":1085,"researcher":24,"roles":1718,"affiliations":1719,"properties":1726},"2417728d-8f61-4240-b179-3d11ba2437b9",[],[1720],{"id":1721,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1722,"properties":24},"a4f5327f-a8e7-4717-8560-90737bf0e922",{"id":1704,"createTime":1705,"updateTime":1705,"relativeEntities":1723,"slug":1707,"properties":1724,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},[],{"title":1725},{"EN":1710},{"openalex":1727,"title":1729},{"VOID":1728},"A5072104712",{"EN":1730},"Kohji Hara",{"id":1732,"sortIndex":201,"researcher":24,"roles":1733,"affiliations":1734,"properties":1745},"dba2b965-3ccd-4f69-b8b8-f4ae7c81f6a5",[],[1735],{"id":1736,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1737,"properties":24},"2c7ab183-f3c8-4c11-8a43-e6d117d48734",{"id":1738,"createTime":1739,"updateTime":1739,"relativeEntities":1740,"slug":1741,"properties":1742,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"69369ff8-ccbb-4708-b3a8-4ce3d3dbcba7","2024-09-03T18:17:25.463+00:00",[],"Graduale-Institute-of-Oral-Rehabilitation-Taipei-Medical-College-Taipei-Taiwan",{"title":1743},{"EN":1744},"Graduale Institute of Oral Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan",{"openalex":1746,"title":1748},{"VOID":1747},"A5100860828",{"EN":1749},"Chung‐Hsien Wu",{"id":1751,"sortIndex":1065,"researcher":24,"roles":1752,"affiliations":1753,"properties":1764},"ddc04d89-fff6-45c9-b6de-114c9b087a01",[],[1754],{"id":1755,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1756,"properties":24},"6b76fa34-900c-46a0-b4c9-95d309982c3a",{"id":1757,"createTime":1758,"updateTime":1758,"relativeEntities":1759,"slug":1760,"properties":1761,"entityType":45,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"25a455ca-152b-4907-a164-cba3e6d2789a","2024-09-03T18:17:25.490+00:00",[],"Department-of-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology-University-of-Kansas-Medical-Center-and-Kansas-City-VA-Medical-Center-Kansas-City-64128-USA",{"title":1762},{"EN":1763},"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City 64128, USA",{"openalex":1765,"title":1767},{"VOID":1766},"A5003816934",{"EN":1768},"Douglas M. 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SJ., 1996, Calcitonin gene‐related peptide and its receptors: molecular genetics, physiology, pathophysiology. and therapeutic potentials, Endoc Rev, 17, 533, 10.1210\u002Fedrv-17-5-533",{"doi":1846},"10.1210\u002Fedrv-17-5-533",{"id":24,"text":1848,"url":24,"identifiers":1849},"10.1016\u002FS1569-2590(08)60177-9",{"doi":1848},{"id":24,"text":1851,"url":24,"identifiers":1852},"10.1038\u002F363159a0",{"doi":1851},{"id":24,"text":1854,"url":24,"identifiers":1855},"Wang F, 1992, Calcitonin gene‐related peptide inhibits interleukin 2 production by murine T lymphocytes, J Biol Chem, 267, 21052, 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effects of tetracyclines on periodontal epithelial cells were investigated by culturing cells from porcine rests of Malassez in the presence of oxytetracycline, doxycycline or one of two analogues of tetracycline bearing no antimicrobial activity. Matrix metalloproteinase activity produced by the epithelial cells was assayed by quantitation of radioactive gelatin degradation and by gelatin enzymography. The results show that all tested tetracyclines exerted a direct dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on epithelial cell gelatinases. Furthermore, epithelial cells cultured with doxycycline, oxytetracycline and de‐dimethylaminot‐etracycline in concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 μg\u002Fml showed a marked reduction in secreted gelatinase activity when grown in alpha minimum essential medium in the absence of fetal calf serum. Viability of cells following this treatment, measured as lactate dehydrogenase activity released to the cell media, was not affected by the presence of any of these drugs at the concentrations used. Scanning electron microscopy revealed striking morphologic changes of the cells following treatment with tetracyclines in the absence of serum which include rounding, decreased intercellular contacts and increased intercellular spaces. No such effects were seen in cells cultured in the presence of serum. These results provide evidence that periodontal epithelial cells produce matrix metalloproteinases whose activities are inhibited by tetracyclines and their non‐antimicrobial analogues at concentrations present in gingival crevicular fluid following tetracycline therapy. When used as adjuncts in periodontal therapy, tetracyclines may therefore inhibit epithelial cell mediated degradation of basement membrane and subepithelial connective tissue.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1989},"Inhibition of epithelial cell matrix metalloproteinases by 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