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Le",{"VOID":442},"A5058657190",{"id":444,"sortIndex":258,"researcher":18,"roles":445,"affiliations":446,"properties":455,"displayName":459,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"a8fd26c1-c38d-481e-8e3e-5be061f07ae6",[],[447],{"id":448,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":449,"properties":18},"519b405a-029b-48b5-8e17-0c85a7988aad",{"id":448,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":450,"slug":18,"properties":451,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":454,"statistic":18},[],{"title":452},{"EN":453},"Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada",[],{"orcid":456,"title":458,"gsAuthor":460,"openalex":462},{"VOID":457},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-1939-7338",{"EN":459},"Dina El Demellawy",{"VOID":461},"[\"rm0fnAIAAAAJ\"]",{"VOID":463},"A5079335474",{"id":465,"sortIndex":116,"researcher":18,"roles":466,"affiliations":467,"properties":476,"displayName":478,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"7e6f34ff-84de-489e-84f7-eb9a4567443f",[],[468],{"id":469,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":470,"properties":18},"757f397e-212f-4d6d-a16d-f10231a6391b",{"id":469,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":471,"slug":18,"properties":472,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":475,"statistic":18},[],{"title":473},{"VI":474},"Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada",[],{"title":477,"openalex":479},{"EN":478},"Mary Shago",{"VOID":480},"A5024438803",{"id":482,"sortIndex":287,"researcher":18,"roles":483,"affiliations":484,"properties":491,"displayName":493,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"ec8c20df-8fa5-443c-8942-0fad69b0fc24",[],[485],{"id":429,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":486,"properties":18},{"id":429,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":487,"slug":18,"properties":488,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":490,"statistic":18},[],{"title":489},{"EN":434},[],{"title":492,"openalex":494},{"EN":493},"Michael Odell",{"VOID":495},"A5016171366",{"id":497,"sortIndex":87,"researcher":18,"roles":498,"affiliations":499,"properties":506,"displayName":510,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"d8b66139-92ab-4309-acf0-0ae235638fde",[],[500],{"id":429,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":501,"properties":18},{"id":429,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":502,"slug":18,"properties":503,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":505,"statistic":18},[],{"title":504},{"EN":434},[],{"orcid":507,"title":509,"openalex":511},{"VOID":508},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-1924-9431",{"EN":510},"Stephanie Johnson‐Obaseki",{"VOID":512},"A5001321403",{"url":18,"publisher":514,"properties":18},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":515,"slug":10,"properties":516,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":519,"manageAffiliations":528,"indexDatabases":539,"url":84,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":554,"gsStatistic":18,"type":92,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":517,"title":518},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[520,524],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":521,"label":522,"description":523,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},{"id":28,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":525,"label":526,"description":527,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":31},{},[529,534],{"id":35,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":530,"slug":18,"properties":531,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":533,"statistic":18},[],{"title":532},{"EN":39},[],{"id":42,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":535,"slug":18,"properties":536,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":538,"statistic":18},[],{"title":537},{"EN":46},[],[540,547],{"id":50,"indexDatabase":541,"url":63,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":546,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":52,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":542,"label":543,"description":544,"key":59,"publicationTags":545,"standard":18},[],{"EN":55,"VI":55},{"EN":57,"VI":58},[61,62],[65],{"id":67,"indexDatabase":548,"url":78,"indexYears":79,"academicFieldIds":553,"indexDatabaseRanking":83},{"id":69,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":549,"label":550,"description":551,"key":75,"publicationTags":552,"standard":18},[],{"EN":72,"VI":72},{"EN":72,"VI":74},[77],[81,82],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":555,"i10Index":19,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":87,"totalPublicationByYear":556,"totalCitation":19,"totalCitationByYear":557,"totalCitationPerPublication":19,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":558,"hindexLast5Year":19,"hindex":19},{},{"2016":89,"2020":89,"2021":89,"2022":89,"2023":89},{},{},{"total":19,"publishYear":560,"statisticByYear":561},2019,{},"2019-12-01","DONE_ANALYZE_CITATION","2026-07-14T00:08:29.385+00:00",[83,61],[567,570,574,578,582,586,590,594,598,602,605,609,613,617,620,624,627,631,634,638,641,645,649,652,656,660,664,668,672,676],{"id":18,"text":568,"url":18,"identifiers":569},"Barnes L, Everson J, Reichart P. WHO Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours. Lyon: IARC; 2005. p. 234–5.",{},{"id":18,"text":571,"url":18,"identifiers":572},"Austin LT Jr, Dahlin DC, Royer RQ. Giant-cell reparative granuloma and related conditions affecting the jawbones. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1959;12:1285–95.",{"doi":573},"10.1016\u002F0030-4220(59)90215-4",{"id":18,"text":575,"url":18,"identifiers":576},"Kaffe I, Ardekian L, Taicher S, Littner MM, Buchner A. Radiologic features of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996;81(6):720–6.",{"doi":577},"10.1016\u002FS1079-2104(96)80079-5",{"id":18,"text":579,"url":18,"identifiers":580},"Jaffe HL. Giant-cell reparative granuloma, traumatic bone cyst, and fibrous (fibro-oseous) dysplasia of the jawbones. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1953;6(1):159–75.",{"doi":581},"10.1016\u002F0030-4220(53)90151-0",{"id":18,"text":583,"url":18,"identifiers":584},"Eisenbud L, Stern M, Rothberg M, Sachs SA. Central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: experiences in the management of thirty-seven cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988;46(5):376–84.",{"doi":585},"10.1016\u002F0278-2391(88)90221-2",{"id":18,"text":587,"url":18,"identifiers":588},"Jerkins D, Malotky M, Miremadi R, Dole M. Central Giant cell granuloma of the mandible requiring multiple treatment modalities: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(8):1596–607.",{"doi":589},"10.1016\u002Fj.joms.2016.02.019",{"id":18,"text":591,"url":18,"identifiers":592},"de Lange J, van den Akker HP, van den Berg H. Central giant cell granuloma of the jaw: a review of the literature with emphasis on therapy options. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(5):603–15.",{"doi":593},"10.1016\u002Fj.tripleo.2007.04.003",{"id":18,"text":595,"url":18,"identifiers":596},"Kruse-Losler B, Diallo R, Gaertner C, Mischke KL, Joos U, Kleinheinz J. Central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: a clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic study of 26 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101(3):346–54.",{"doi":597},"10.1016\u002Fj.tripleo.2005.02.060",{"id":18,"text":599,"url":18,"identifiers":600},"Chuong R, Kaban LB, Kozakewich H, Perez-Atayde A. Central giant cell lesions of the jaws: a clinicopathologic study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;44(9):708–13.",{"doi":601},"10.1016\u002F0278-2391(86)90040-6",{"id":18,"text":603,"url":18,"identifiers":604},"Shensa DR, Nasseri S. Central giant cell reparative granuloma of the mandibular condyle. J Oral Surg. 1978;36(8):642–3.",{},{"id":18,"text":606,"url":18,"identifiers":607},"Tasanen A, von Konow L. Nordling: central giant-cell lesion in the mandibular condyle. Report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978;45(4):532–9.",{"doi":608},"10.1016\u002F0030-4220(78)90033-6",{"id":18,"text":610,"url":18,"identifiers":611},"Abu-El-Naaj I, Ardekian L, Liberman R, Peled M. Central giant cell granuloma of the mandibular condyle: a rare presentation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60(8):939–41.",{"doi":612},"10.1053\u002Fjoms.2002.33867",{"id":18,"text":614,"url":18,"identifiers":615},"Jadu FM, Pharoah MJ, Lee L, Baker GI, Allidina A. Central giant cell granuloma of the mandibular condyle: a case report and review of the literature. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011;40(1):60–4.",{"doi":616},"10.1259\u002Fdmfr\u002F85668294",{"id":18,"text":618,"url":18,"identifiers":619},"Munzenmayer J, Tapia P, Zeballos J, Martínez A, Compan Á, Urra A, Spencer ML. Central giant cell granuloma of the mandibular condyle. Case-report. Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral. 2013;6(2):83–6.",{},{"id":18,"text":621,"url":18,"identifiers":622},"Gigliotti J, Alghamdi O, El-Hakim M, Makhoul N. Central giant cell granuloma of the mandibular condyle: a case report, literature review, and discussion of treatment. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Cases. 2015;1(3):42–6.",{"doi":623},"10.1016\u002Fj.omsc.2015.08.001",{"id":18,"text":625,"url":18,"identifiers":626},"Pai D, Kamath AT, Kudva A, Solomon MMC, Kumar S, Sasikumar P. Concomitant central Giant cell granuloma and aneurysmal bone cyst in a young child. Case Rep Dent. 2017;2017:6545848.",{},{"id":18,"text":628,"url":18,"identifiers":629},"Della Sala SW, Recla M, Campolongo F, Bortot G, Bauer M, Peterlongo P. Giant cell tumour of the mandibular condyle. Eur Radiol. 1996;6(4):557–60.",{"doi":630},"10.1007\u002FBF00182493",{"id":18,"text":632,"url":18,"identifiers":633},"Janas A, Osica P. Central giant cell granuloma located in the maxilla in a 8-year old boy. Dev Period Med. 2015;19(2):189–92.",{},{"id":18,"text":635,"url":18,"identifiers":636},"Baumhoer D. Bone-related lesions of the jaws. Surg Pathol Clin. 2017;10(3):693–704.",{"doi":637},"10.1016\u002Fj.path.2017.04.007",{"id":18,"text":639,"url":18,"identifiers":640},"Struthers PJ. Shear M. Aneursymal bone cysts of the jaws: Clinicopathological Features and Pathogenesis lnt J Oral Surg. 1984;13:85–100.",{},{"id":18,"text":642,"url":18,"identifiers":643},"Agaram NP, LeLoarer FV, Zhang L, Hwang S, Athanasian EA, Hameed M, Antonescu CR. USP6 gene rearrangements occur preferentially in giant cell reparative granulomas of the hands and feet but not in gnathic location. Hum Pathol. 2014;45(6):1147–52.",{"doi":644},"10.1016\u002Fj.humpath.2014.01.020",{"id":18,"text":646,"url":18,"identifiers":647},"Oliveira AM, Perez-Atayde AR, Inwards CY, Medeiros F, Derr V, Hsi BL, Gebhardt MC, Rosenberg AE, Fletcher JA. USP6 and CDH11 oncogenes identify the neoplastic cell in primary aneurysmal bone cysts and are absent in so-called secondary aneurysmal bone cysts. Am J Pathol. 2004;165(5):1773–80.",{"doi":648},"10.1016\u002FS0002-9440(10)63432-3",{"id":18,"text":650,"url":18,"identifiers":651},"Franco A, Segato AV, Couto SA, Rodrigues Johann AC, Friedlander AH, Couto Souza PH. Spontaneous resolution of a central Giant cell granuloma in a child after an incisional biopsy: a five-year follow-up. J Dent Child (Chic). 2016;83(2):102–5.",{},{"id":18,"text":653,"url":18,"identifiers":654},"Carlos R, Sedano HO. Intralesional corticosteroids as an alternative treatment for central giant cell granuloma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;93(2):161–6.",{"doi":655},"10.1067\u002Fmoe.2002.119971",{"id":18,"text":657,"url":18,"identifiers":658},"Nogueira RL, Teixeira RC, Cavalcante RB, Ribeiro RA, Rabenhosrt SH. Intralesional injection of triamcinolone hexacetonide as an alternative treatment for central giant-cell granuloma in 21 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;39(12):1204–10.",{"doi":659},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijom.2010.06.015",{"id":18,"text":661,"url":18,"identifiers":662},"de Lange J, van Rijn RR, van den Berg H, van den Akker HP. Regression of central giant cell granuloma by a combination of imatinib and interferon: a case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;47(1):59–61.",{"doi":663},"10.1016\u002Fj.bjoms.2008.05.013",{"id":18,"text":665,"url":18,"identifiers":666},"de Lange J, van den Akker HP, Veldhuijzen van Zanten GO, Engelshove HA, van den Berg H, Klip H. calcitonin therapy in central giant cell granuloma of the jaw: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;35(9):791–5.",{"doi":667},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijom.2006.03.030",{"id":18,"text":669,"url":18,"identifiers":670},"Kaban LB, Troulis MJ, Ebb D, August M, Hornicek FJ, Dodson TB. Antiangiogenic therapy with interferon alpha for giant cell lesions of the jaws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60(10):1103–11 discussion 1111-1103.",{"doi":671},"10.1053\u002Fjoms.2002.34975",{"id":18,"text":673,"url":18,"identifiers":674},"Bataineh AB, Al-Khateeb T, Rawashdeh MA. The surgical treatment of central giant cell granuloma of the mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60(7):756–61.",{"doi":675},"10.1053\u002Fjoms.2002.33241",{"id":18,"text":677,"url":18,"identifiers":678},"Zhang WB, Liang T, Peng X. Mandibular growth after paediatric mandibular reconstruction with the vascularized free fibula flap: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;45(4):440–7.",{"doi":679},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijom.2015.12.014",{"id":681,"createTime":682,"updateTime":683,"relativeEntities":684,"slug":685,"properties":686,"entityType":112,"verifyStatus":113,"verifyTime":697,"verifyNote":115,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":698,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":699,"publicationType":150,"publisherRelationship":853,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":903,"publishYear":203,"citationAnalyzeStatus":904,"lastCitationAnalyze":905,"indexDatabases":906,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":207},"2fe6bd25-03e8-4245-8144-51c2f89e90eb","2024-02-09T16:06:10.483+00:00","2026-07-11T02:08:25.749+00:00",[],"The-role-of-repeat-fine-needle-aspiration-in-the-management-of-indeterminate-thyroid-nodules",{"abstract":687,"title":689,"gsPaper":691,"references":693,"doi":695},{"EN":688},"Management decisions are not straightforward when the Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (USFNA) demonstrates a Bethesda score of either category III or IV, and a diagnostic hemi-thyroidectomy or a repeat USFNA (r-USFNA) could be performed. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of r-USFNA in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules by evaluating the likelihood of obtaining a definite diagnosis. We reviewed the medical records of all patients with thyroid nodules between 2011 and 2015 at the Jewish General Hospital (Montreal, Canada). Three hundred fifty-one patients who had undergone a surgical procedure (hemi or total thyroidectomy) and a diagnosis of B3 or B4 on the primary USFNA (p-USFNA) were included in the study. Ninety-six of the included patients also had a repeat USFNA prior to the surgery. Demographic data, type of procedure, and McGill Thyroid Nodule Score (MTNS) were obtained from the medical records. Malignancy rates were calculated based on the final surgical histopathology report. Upon r-USFNA, an average 76 % of patients did not change Bethesda categories, 7.4 % downgraded to a benign category. The results showed that, on an average 17.3 % of patients with p-USFNA of B3 and 20 % of patients with p-USFNA of B4, upgraded to a malignant or suspicious for malignancy category, thus changing the clinical management to total thyroidectomy. Our data demonstrates that r-USFNA facilitates choosing the correct surgery of total thyroidectomy in about 20 % of nodules that have upgraded from B3\u002FB4 to a more definite malignant category. r-USFNA in patients with indeterminate diagnoses (B3 or B4) increases categorization into more definite categories. Approximately 20 % of patients are found to have malignant thyroid nodules and suspicious for malignancy thyroid nodules upon repeating the biopsy, hence a diagnostic hemi-thyroidectomy was avoided and a more definitive surgery could be performed. Furthermore, repeat USFNA results in a fewer number of hemi-thyroidectomy and completion thyroidectomy procedures.",{"EN":690},"The role of repeat fine needle aspiration in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules",{"VOID":692},"[]",{"VOID":694},"VanderLaan PA, Marqusee E, Krane JF. Clinical outcome for atypia of undetermined significance in thyroid fine-needle aspirations: should repeated fna be the preferred initial approach? Am J Clin Pathol. 2011;135:770–5.\nHyeon J, Ahn S, Shin JH, Oh YL. The prediction of malignant risk in the category “atypia of undetermined significance\u002Ffollicular lesion of undetermined significance” of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology using subcategorization and BRAF mutation results. Cancer Cytopathol. 2014;122:368–76.\nKholova I, Ludvikova M. Thyroid atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance: an indispensable bethesda 2010 diagnostic category or waste garbage? Acta Cytol. 2014;58:319–29.\nMathur A, Najafian A, Schneider EB, Zeiger MA, Olson MT. Malignancy risk and reproducibility associated with atypia of undetermined significance on thyroid cytology. Surgery. 2014;156:1471–6. discussion6.\nSullivan PS, Hirschowitz SL, Fung PC, Apple SK. The impact of atypia\u002Ffollicular lesion of undetermined significance and repeat fine-needle aspiration: 5 years before and after implementation of the Bethesda System. Cancer Cytopathol. 2014;122:866–72.\nWong LQ, LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. Diagnosis of atypia\u002Ffollicular lesion of undetermined significance: An institutional experience. Cyto J. 2014;11:23.\nVarshney R, Forest VI, Mascarella MA, et al. The Mcgill thyroid nodule score inverted question mark does it help with indeterminate thyroid nodules? J Otolaryngol. 2015;44:2.\nAmerican Thyroid Association Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid N, Differentiated Thyroid C, Cooper DS, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2009;19:1167–214.\nCibas ES, Ali SZ. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Thyroid. 2009;19:1159–65.\nCrippa S, Mazzucchelli L, Cibas ES, Ali SZ. The Bethesda System for reporting thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens. Am J Clin Pathol. 2010;134:343–4. author reply 5.\nHorne MJ, Chhieng DC, Theoharis C, et al. Thyroid follicular lesion of undetermined significance: Evaluation of the risk of malignancy using the two-tier sub-classification. Diagn Cytopathol. 2012;40:410–5.\nDincer N, Balci S, Yazgan A, et al. Follow-up of atypia and follicular lesions of undetermined significance in thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology. Cytopathol. 2013;24:385–90.\nGerhard R, Boerner SL. Evaluation of Indeterminate Thyroid Cytology by Second-Opinion Diagnosis or Repeat Fine-Needle Aspiration: Which Is the Best Approach? Acta Cytologica. 2015;59(1):43-50.\nGocun PU, Karakus E, Bulutay P, Akturk M, Akin M, Poyraz A. What is the malignancy risk for atypia of undetermined significance? Three years’ experience at a university hospital in Turkey. Cancer Cytopathol. 2014;122:604–10.\nHo AS, Sarti EE, Jain KS, et al. Malignancy rate in thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda category III (AUS\u002FFLUS). Thyroid. 2014;24:832–9.\nYassa L, Cibas ES, Benson CB, et al. Long-term assessment of a multidisciplinary approach to thyroid nodule diagnostic evaluation. Cancer. 2007;111:508–16.\nVanderlaan PA, Krane JF, Cibas ES. The frequency of ‘atypia of undetermined significance’ interpretations for thyroid fine-needle aspirations is negatively correlated with histologically proven malignant outcomes. Acta Cytol. 2011;55:512–7.\nGraciano AJ, Chone CT, Fischer CA, Bublitz GS, Peixoto AJ. Repeated fine-needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid nodules. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;80:422–7.\nFaquin WC, Baloch ZW. Fine-needle aspiration of follicular patterned lesions of the thyroid: Diagnosis, management, and follow-up according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommendations. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010;38:731–9.\nChen JC, Pace SC, Chen BA, Khiyami A, McHenry CR. Yield of repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy and rate of malignancy in patients with atypia or follicular lesion of undetermined significance: the impact of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Surgery. 2012;152:1037–44.\nBaloch Z, LiVolsi VA, Jain P, et al. Role of repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the management of thyroid nodules. Diagn Cytopathol. 2003;29:203–6.\nHaugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26:1–133.\nChen AY, Jemal A, Ward EM. Increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in the United States, 1988–2005. 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The forehead demonstrated greater relaxation rates among the different skin regions (7.8 MPa−07 ± 0.1). The forearm showed the lowest rate of relaxation (4.74 MPa−07 ± 0.1). The forearm (0.04 MPa ±0.004) and submandibular neck skin (0.04 MPa ±0.005) showed similar absolute levels of relaxation, which were significantly greater than the other skin regions (p \u003C 0.05). 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Implants for reconstructive surgery of the nose and ears. GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology. Head Neck Surg. 2007;6:Doc06.",{},{"id":356,"text":1085,"url":358,"identifiers":1086},"Taghinia AH, Pribaz JJ. Complex nasal reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121:15e–27.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1088,"url":358,"identifiers":1089},"Simsek T, Eroglu L. Auricle reconstruction with a radial forearm flap prelaminated with porous polyethylene (Medpor®) implant. Microsurgery. 2012;32:627–30.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1091,"url":358,"identifiers":1092},"Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhuang H, Jiang H, Jiang W, Hu X, Hu S, Wang S, Pan B. Clinical evaluation of three total ear reconstruction methods. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62:1550–4.",{"doi":360},{"id":18,"text":1094,"url":18,"identifiers":1095},"Lee MR, Unger JG, Rohrich RJ. Management of the nasal dorsum in rhinoplasty: a systematic review of the literature regarding technique,outcomes, and complications. 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Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;71:547–52.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1109,"url":358,"identifiers":1110},"Griffin MF, Premakumar Y, Seifalian AM, Szarko M, Butler PE. Biomechanical characterisation of the human nasal cartilages; implications for tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2016;27:11.",{"doi":360},{"id":1112,"text":1113,"url":1114,"identifiers":1115},"a663f219-74b3-4475-a350-e1774c74cef0","Griffin MF, Premakumar Y, Seifalian AM, Szarko M, Butler PE. Biomechanical Characterisation of the Human Auricular Cartilages; Implications for Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng. 2016;44(12):3460–7.","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10439-016-1688-1",{"doi":1116},"10.1007\u002Fs10439-016-1688-1",{"id":356,"text":1118,"url":358,"identifiers":1119},"Silver FH, Kato YP, Ohno M, Wasserman AJ. Analysis of mammalian connective tissue: relationship between hierarchical structures and mechanical properties. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 1992;2:165–98.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1121,"url":358,"identifiers":1122},"Wood JM, Soldin M, Shaw TJ, Szarko M. The biomechanical and histological sequelae of common skin banking methods. J Biomech. 2014;47:1215–9.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1124,"url":358,"identifiers":1125},"Griffin MF, Premakumar Y, Seifalian AM, Szarko M, Butler PE. Biomechanical characterization of human soft tissues using indentation and tensile testing. Jove. 2016. In press.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1127,"url":358,"identifiers":1128},"Wilkes GL, Brown IA, Wildnauer RH. The biomechanical properties of skin. CRC Crit Rev Bioeng. 1973;1:453–95.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1130,"url":358,"identifiers":1131},"Uitto J. Biochemistry of the elasticfibers in normal connective tissues and its alterations in diseases. J Invest Dermatol. 1979;72:1–10.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1133,"url":358,"identifiers":1134},"Hussain SH, Limthongkul B, Humphreys TR. The biomechanical properties of the skin. Dermatol Surg. 2013;39:193–203.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1136,"url":358,"identifiers":1137},"Silver FH, Freeman JW, DeVore D. Viscoelasticproperties of human skin and processed dermis. Skin Res Technol. 2001;7:18–23.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1139,"url":358,"identifiers":1140},"Ní Annaidh A, Bruyère K, Destrade M, Gilchrist MD, Otténio M. Characterization of the anisotropic mechanical properties of excised human skin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2012;5:139–48.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1142,"url":358,"identifiers":1143},"Jacquemoud C, Bruyere-Garnier K, Coret M. Methodology to determine failure characteristics of planar soft tissues using a dynamic tensile test. J Biomech. 2007;40:468–75.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1145,"url":358,"identifiers":1146},"Ranamukhaarachchi SA, Lehnert S, Ranamukhaarachchi SL, Sprenger L, Schneider T, Mansoor L, Rai K, Häfeli UO, Stoeber B. A micromechanical comparison of human and porcine skin before and after preservation by freezing for medical device development. 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S. Are cell salvage and autologous blood transfusion safe in endonasal surgery? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;142:S3–6.",{"doi":1276},"10.1016\u002Fj.otohns.2009.10.004",{"id":18,"text":1278,"url":18,"identifiers":1279},"Leal-Noval SR, Rincon-Ferrari MD, Garcıa-Curiel A, Herruzo-Aviles A, Camacho-Larana P, Garnacho-Montero J, et al. Transfusion of blood components and postoperative infection in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Chest. 2001;119:1461–8.",{"doi":1280},"10.1378\u002Fchest.119.5.1461",{"id":18,"text":1282,"url":18,"identifiers":1283},"Waters J, Tuohy M, Hobson D, et al. Bacterial reduction by cell salvage washing and leukocyte depletion filtration. Anaesthesiology. 2003;99:652–5.",{"doi":1284},"10.1097\u002F00000542-200309000-00021",{"id":18,"text":1286,"url":18,"identifiers":1287},"Khoueir N, Nicolas N, Rohayem Z, Haddad A, Abou Hamad W. Exclusive endoscopic resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: a systematic review of the literature. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(3):350–8. doi: 10.1177\u002F0194599813516605 . Epub 2013 Dec 31.",{"doi":1288},"10.1177\u002F0194599813516605",{"id":18,"text":1290,"url":18,"identifiers":1291},"Renkonen S, Hagström J, Vuola J, et al. The changing surgical management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;268(4):599–607.",{"doi":1292},"10.1007\u002Fs00405-010-1383-z",{"id":18,"text":1294,"url":18,"identifiers":1295},"Blount A, Riley KO, Woodworth BA. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2011;44(4):989–1004.",{"doi":1296},"10.1016\u002Fj.otc.2011.06.003",{"id":18,"text":1298,"url":18,"identifiers":1299},"Joint United Kingdom Blood Transfusion and Tissue Transplantation Services Professional Advisory Committee. 6.1: Autologous blood transfusion: 6.1.2: Intraoperative cell salvage. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.transfusionguidelines.org\u002Ftransfusion-handbook\u002F6-alternatives-and-adjuncts-to-blood-transfusion\u002F6-1-autologous-blood-transfusion-collection-and-reinfusion-of-the-patient-s-own-red-blood-cells . [5 January 2016].",{},{"id":18,"text":1301,"url":18,"identifiers":1302},"Fyrmpas G, Konstantinidis I, Constantinidis J. Endoscopic treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas: our experience and review of the literature. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;269(2):523–39.",{"doi":1303},"10.1007\u002Fs00405-011-1708-6",{"id":18,"text":1305,"url":18,"identifiers":1306},"Timberlake GA, MeSwain NE. Autotransfusion of blood contaminated by enteric contents: a potentially life-saving measure in the massively haemorrhaging trauma patient? J Trauma. 1988;28:855.",{"doi":1307},"10.1097\u002F00005373-198806000-00026",{"id":18,"text":1309,"url":18,"identifiers":1310},"Kang Y, Aggarwal S, Virji M, Pasculle AW, Lewis JH, Freeman JA, Martin LK. Clinical evaluation of autotransfusion during liver transplantation. Anesth Analg. 1991;72:94.",{"doi":1311},"10.1213\u002F00000539-199101000-00017",{"id":18,"text":1313,"url":18,"identifiers":1314},"Sugai Y, Sugai K, Fuse A. Current status of bacterial contamination of autologous blood for transfusion. Transfus Apher Sci. 2001;24(3):255–9.",{"doi":1315},"10.1016\u002FS1473-0502(01)00067-2",{"id":18,"text":1317,"url":18,"identifiers":1318},"Ezzedine H, Baele P, Robert A. Bacteriologic quality of intraoperative autotransfusion. Surgery. 1991;109(3Pt1):259–64.",{},{"id":18,"text":1320,"url":18,"identifiers":1321},"Locher MC, Sailer HF. The use of the Cell Saver in transoral maxillofacial surgery: a preliminary report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1992;20(1):14–7.",{"doi":1322},"10.1016\u002FS1010-5182(05)80189-1",{"id":18,"text":1324,"url":18,"identifiers":1325},"Duffy G, Neal KR. Differences in post-operative infection rates between patients receiving autologous and allogeneic blood transfusion: a meta-analysis of published randomised and nonrandomised studies. Transfus Med. 1996;6:325–8.",{"doi":1326},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-3148.1996.tb00091.x",{"id":18,"text":1328,"url":18,"identifiers":1329},"Innerhofer P, Klingler A, Klimmer C, Fries D, Nussbaumer W. Risk of postoperative infection after transfusion of white blood cell-filtered allogeneic or autologous blood components in orthopaedic patients undergoing primary arthoplasty. Transfusion. 2005;45:103–10.",{"doi":1330},"10.1111\u002Fj.1537-2995.2005.04149.x",{"id":18,"text":1332,"url":18,"identifiers":1333},"Catling S, Williams S, Freites O, Rees M, Davis C, Hopkins L. Use of a leucocyte filter to remove tumour cells from intra-operative cell salvage blood. Anaesthesia. 2008;63:1332–8.",{"doi":1334},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2044.2008.05637.x",{"id":18,"text":1336,"url":18,"identifiers":1337},"Laing TB, Li DL, Laing L, Zhang JM. Intraoperative blood salvage during liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: efficiency of leukocyte depletion filters in the removal of tumour cells. Transplantation. 2008;85:863–9.",{"doi":1338},"10.1097\u002FTP.0b013e3181671f2e",{"id":18,"text":1340,"url":18,"identifiers":1341},"Sullivan I, Faulds J, Ralph C. Contamination of salvaged maternal blood by amniotic fluid and foetal red cells during elective caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 2008;101:225–9.",{"doi":1342},"10.1093\u002Fbja\u002Faen135",{"id":1344,"createTime":1345,"updateTime":1346,"relativeEntities":1347,"slug":1348,"properties":1349,"entityType":112,"verifyStatus":113,"verifyTime":1360,"verifyNote":115,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1361,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1362,"publicationType":150,"publisherRelationship":1453,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1503,"publishDate":1506,"publishYear":1504,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1507,"indexDatabases":1508,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":207},"95fc347c-9e8b-4b7d-80f5-2de3b7102874","2023-12-02T20:28:12.277+00:00","2026-05-11T10:51:18.789+00:00",[],"Characteristics-of-velopharyngeal-dysfunction-in-22q11-2-deletion-syndrome-a-retrospective-case-control-study",{"abstract":1350,"title":1352,"gsPaper":1354,"references":1356,"doi":1358},{"EN":1351},"To identify and describe the dynamic features of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome relative to patients with non-syndromic cleft palates. Retrospective case-control study. Pediatric tertiary care center. A total of 30 children (aged 9–16 years) with VPD were included in this study. Fifteen children with a definitive diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome requiring surgical VPD repair were included in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome group. Fifteen age- and sex-matched children with non-syndromic cleft palate requiring surgical VPD repair were included in the non-syndromic cleft palate group for comparison. Velar displacement, lateral pharyngeal wall displacement, and lateral pharyngeal wall motion pattern data were extracted from preoperative Multiview Videofluoroscopy imaging studies of all children and compared across groups. Lateral pharyngeal wall displacement was found to be reduced in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome group (U = 29.50, p = .001, r = .63). However, measures of velar displacement were not observed to differ between groups. Similarly, lateral pharyngeal wall motion pattern distributions were not found to differ across these two groups. Velopharyngeal dysfunction in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome showed differences in dynamic velopharyngeal function when compared to non-syndromic cleft palate patients. The current findings provide initial insights into the unique aspects of velopharyngeal dysfunction for patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. These findings may guide further efforts directed toward understanding the dynamic velopharyngeal characteristics of this population and potentially optimize surgical management and functional outcomes.",{"EN":1353},"Characteristics of velopharyngeal dysfunction in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a retrospective case-control study",{"VOID":1355},"[\"14560461448445976575\"]",{"VOID":1357},"Shprintzen RJ. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome: 30 years of study. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008;14:3–10.\nShprintzen RJ. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 2005;20(2):187–93.\nSaitta SC, Harris SE, Gaeth AP, et al. Aberrant interchromosomal exchanges are the predominant cause of the 22q11.2 deletion. Hum Mol Genet. 2004;13:417–28.\nYamagishi H. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Keio J Med. 2002;51:77–88.\nShprintzen RJ, Goldberg R, Young D, Wolford L. The velo-cardio-facial syndrome, a clinical and genetic analysis. Pediatr. 1981;67(2):167–72.\nWilliams MA, Shprintzen RJ, Goldberg R. Male to male transmission of the velocardio-facial syndrome: a case report and review of 60 cases. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1985;5(2):175–80.\nScambler PJ, Kelly D, Lindsay E, et al. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome associated with chromosome 22 deletions encompassing the DiGeorge critical locus. Lancet. 1992;339:1138–9.\nBassett AS, McDonald-McGinn DM, Devriendt K, et al. Practical guidelines for managing patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Pediatr. 2011;159(2):332–9.\nFord LC, Sulprizio SL, Rasgon BM. Otolaryngological manifestation of Velocardiofacial syndrome: a retrospective review of 35 patients. Laryngoscope. 2000;110(3 Pt 1):362–7.\nVantrappen G, Rommel N, Cremers CW, Devriendt K, Frijns JP. The velo-cardio-facial syndrome: the otorhinolaryngeal manifestations and implications. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1998;45(2):133–41.\nArmando M, Lin A, Pontillo M, Vicari S. Prevalence and treatment of psychiatric disorders other than psychosis in children and adolescents with 22q11DS: examining associations with social and role functioning. Psychiatry Res. 2017;254:238–43.\nJackson O, Crowley TB, Sharkus R, et al. Palatal evaluation and treatment in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2019;179(7):1184–95.\nBaylis AL, Shriberg LD. Estimates of the prevalence of speech and motor speech disorders in youth with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2018;4:1–30.\nGoldmuntz E. DiGeorge syndrome: new insights. Clin Perinatol. 2005;32(4):963–78.\nYsunza A, Pamplona MC, Molina F, Hernandez A. Surgical planning for restoring velopharyngeal function in velocardiofacial syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;73(11):1572–5.\nZim S, Schelper R, Kellman R, Tatum S, Ploutz-Snyder R, Shprintzen RJ. Thickness and histological and histochemical properties of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle in velocardiofacial syndrome. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2003;5(6):503–10.\nJackson OA, Paine K, Magee L, et al. Management of velopharyngeal dysfunction in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a survey of practice patterns. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;116:43–8.\nRudnick EF, Sie KC. Velopharyngeal insufficiency: current concepts in diagnosis and management. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;16:530–5.\nBohm LA, Padgitt N, Tibesar RJ, Lander TA, Sidman JD. Outcomes of combined furlow palatoplasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(2):216–21.\nWitt P, Cohen D, Grames LM, Marsh J. Sphincter pharyngoplasty for the surgical management of speech dysfunction associated with velocardiofacial syndrome. Br J Plast Surg. 1991;52:613–8.\nFilip C, Matzen M, Aukner R, et al. Superiorly based pharyngeal flap for treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24:501–504.\nLosken A, Williams JK, Burstein FD, Malick DN, Riski JE. Surgical corrections of velopharyngeal insufficiency in children with Velocardiofacial syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117(5):1493–8.\nWiddershoven JC, Stukenitsky BM, Breugem CC, MinkvanderMolen AB. Outcome of velopharyngoplasty in patients with Velocardiofacial syndrome. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(11):1159–64.\nGolding-Kushner KJ. Standardization for the reporting of nasopharyngoscopy and multiview videofluoroscopy: a report from an international working group. Cleft Palate J. 1990;27(4):337–48.\nDenny AD, Marks SM, Oliff-Carneol S. Correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency by pharyngeal augmentation using autologous cartilage: a preliminary report. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1993;30(1):46–54.\nStringer DA, Witzel MA. Velopharyngeal insufficiency on videofluoroscopy: comparison of projections. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;146(1):15–9.\nYsunza A, Pamplona C, Ramírez E, Molina F, Mendoza M, Silva A. Velopharyngeal surgery: a prospective randomized study of pharyngeal flaps and sphincter pharyngoplasties. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;110(6):1401–7.\nSmith BE, Weinberg B. Prediction of velopharyngeal orifice area: a re-examination of model experimentation. Cleft Palate J. 1980;17(4):277–82.\nLubker JF. Velopharyngeal orifice area: a replication of analog experimentation. J Speech Hear Res. 1969;12(1):218–22.\nKummer AW, Briggs M, Lee L. The relationship between the characteristics of speech and velopharyngeal gap size. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. 2003;40(6):590–6.\nPhilips BJ, Kent RD. (1984). Acoustic–phonetic descriptions of speech production in speakers with cleft palate and other velopharyngeal disorders. In speech and language (Vol. 11, pp. 113-168). Elsevier.\nYsunza A, Pamploma MC, Ramirez E, Canun S, Sierra MC, Silvas-Rojas A. Video nasopharyngoscopy in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (Shprintzen syndrome). 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As Canadian OHNS residency programs implement competency-based training strategies, this data may be used to align residency curricula with the clinical and surgical practice of recent graduates. Ontario billing data were used to identify the most common diagnostic and procedure codes used by general otolaryngologists issued a billing number between 2006 and 2012. The codes were categorized by OHNS subspecialty. Practitioners with a narrow range of procedure codes or a high rate of complex procedure codes, were deemed subspecialists and therefore excluded. There were 108 recent graduates in a general practice identified. The most common diagnostic codes assigned to consultation billings were categorized as ‘otology’ (42%), ‘general otolaryngology’ (35%), ‘rhinology’ (17%) and ‘head and neck’ (4%). The most common procedure codes were categorized as ‘general otolaryngology’ (45%), ‘otology’ (23%), ‘head and neck’ (13%) and ‘rhinology’ (9%). The top 5 procedures were nasolaryngoscopy, ear microdebridement, myringotomy with insertion of ventilation tube, tonsillectomy, and turbinate reduction. Although otology encompassed a large proportion of procedures billed, tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy were surprisingly uncommon. This is the first study to analyze the nature of the clinical and surgical cases managed by recent OHNS graduates. The findings demonstrated a prominent representation of ‘otology’, ‘general’ and ‘rhinology’ based consultation diagnoses and procedures. The data derived from the study needs to be considered as residency curricula are modified to satisfy competency-based requirements.",{"EN":1519},"Consultation diagnoses and procedures billed among recent graduates practicing general otolaryngology – head & neck surgery in Ontario, Canada",{"VOID":1521},"[\"16962078979726305720\"]",{"VOID":1523},"10.1186\u002Fs40463-018-0293-8","2024-05-04T05:48:02.643+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fjournalotohns.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40463-018-0293-8",[1527,1560,1575,1590],{"id":1528,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1529,"affiliations":1530,"properties":1557,"displayName":1559,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"31a4f0d1-8374-4b39-a2bc-2ccb63d70834",[122],[1531,1539,1548],{"id":1532,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1533,"properties":18},"684f53ac-6a22-4cb1-a915-6e2c05d36722",{"id":1532,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1534,"slug":18,"properties":1535,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1538,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1536},{"VI":1537},"Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Michael Garron Hospital, Toronto, Canada",[],{"id":1540,"sortIndex":89,"affiliation":1541,"properties":1547},"79adbbb0-dfb2-499b-801a-8130834117c4",{"id":1540,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1542,"slug":18,"properties":1543,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1546,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1544},{"VI":1545},"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, Canada",[],{},{"id":1549,"sortIndex":258,"affiliation":1550,"properties":1556},"c7c548d4-fef9-4b82-be5c-3b099a479758",{"id":1549,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1551,"slug":18,"properties":1552,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1555,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1553},{"VI":1554},"Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the Odette Cancer Centre, Michael Garron Hospital, Endocrine Surgery, Toronto, Canada",[],{},{"title":1558},{"VI":1559},"Antoine Eskander",{"id":1561,"sortIndex":89,"researcher":18,"roles":1562,"affiliations":1563,"properties":1572,"displayName":1574,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"67393298-6724-4b47-b9bf-0e59bfc86ed5",[122],[1564],{"id":1565,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1566,"properties":18},"7be36770-905e-4b2d-b28c-79e502237228",{"id":1565,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1567,"slug":18,"properties":1568,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1571,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1569},{"VI":1570},"Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada",[],{"title":1573},{"VI":1574},"Paolo Campisi",{"id":1576,"sortIndex":258,"researcher":18,"roles":1577,"affiliations":1578,"properties":1587,"displayName":1589,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"3c7745aa-fe85-4882-99b1-e5c7b8330546",[122],[1579],{"id":1580,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1581,"properties":18},"781302b0-81e9-4b1a-b886-bfa02de0cc6b",{"id":1580,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1582,"slug":18,"properties":1583,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1586,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1584},{"VI":1585},"Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada",[],{"title":1588},{"VI":1589},"Ian J. 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Competency-based education: a new model for teaching orthopaedics. Instr Course Lect. 2013;62:565–9.",{"doi":360},{"id":18,"text":1667,"url":18,"identifiers":1668},"Kim JS, Cooper RA, Kennedy DW. Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery physician work force issues: an analysis for future specialty planning. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;146(2):196–202.",{},{"id":356,"text":1670,"url":358,"identifiers":1671},"Hughes CA, McMenamin P, Mehta V, Pillsbury H, Kennedy D. Otolaryngology workforce analysis. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(Suppl 9):S5–S11.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1673,"url":358,"identifiers":1674},"Brandt MG, Scott GM, Doyle PC, Ballagh RH. Otolaryngology - head and neck surgeon unemployment in Canada: a cross-sectional survey of graduating otolaryngology - head and neck surgery residents. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;43(37):014–0037–3.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1676,"url":358,"identifiers":1677},"Dermody SM, Gao W, McGinn JD, Malekzadeh S. 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Health services research and regionalization of care-from policy to practice: the Ontario experience in head and neck Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2016;18(3):19,016–0500-6.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1691,"url":358,"identifiers":1692},"Chin CJ, Roth K, Rotenberg BW, Fung K. Emergencies in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery bootcamp: a novel Canadian experience. Laryngoscope. 2014 Oct;124(10):2275–80.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1694,"url":358,"identifiers":1695},"Chin CJ, Chin CA, Roth K, Rotenberg BW, Fung K. Simulation-based otolaryngology - head and neck surgery boot camp: ‘how I do it. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(3):284–90.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1697,"url":358,"identifiers":1698},"Shah MD, Johns MM 3rd, Statham M, Klein AM. Assessment of phonomicrosurgical training in otolaryngology residencies: a resident survey. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(6):1474–7.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1700,"url":358,"identifiers":1701},"Wagner N, Fahim C, Dunn K, Reid D, Sonnadara RR. Otolaryngology residency education: a scoping review on the shift towards competency-based medical education. Clin Otolaryngol. 2017;42(3):564–72.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1703,"url":358,"identifiers":1704},"Schwartz J, Costescu A, Mascarella MA, Young ME, Husein M, Agrawal S, et al. Objective assessment of myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion: a prospective single-blinded validation study. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(9):2140–6.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1706,"url":358,"identifiers":1707},"Ference EH, Min JY, Chandra RK, Schroeder JW Jr, Ciolino JD, Yang A, et al. Antibiotic prescribing by physicians versus nurse practitioners for pediatric upper respiratory infections. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016;125(12):982–91.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1709,"url":358,"identifiers":1710},"Vijendren A, Huggins M, Yung M. Can nurse practitioners provide a safe and effective ENT emergency service? Our experience. Clin Otolaryngol. 2015;40(2):148–53.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1712,"url":358,"identifiers":1713},"Bhattacharyya N. Involvement of physician extenders in ambulatory otolaryngology practice. Laryngoscope. 2012 May;122(5):1010–3.",{"doi":360},{"id":356,"text":1715,"url":358,"identifiers":1716},"Reilly BK, Brandon G, Shah R, Preciado D, Zalzal G. The role of advanced practice providers in pediatric otolaryngology academic practices. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77(1):36–40.",{"doi":360},{"id":1718,"createTime":1719,"updateTime":1720,"relativeEntities":1721,"slug":1722,"properties":1723,"entityType":112,"verifyStatus":113,"verifyTime":1740,"verifyNote":115,"languages":1741,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1742,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1743,"publicationType":150,"publisherRelationship":1861,"citationCount":116,"citationInfo":1911,"publishDate":1913,"publishYear":1504,"citationAnalyzeStatus":17,"lastCitationAnalyze":1914,"indexDatabases":1915,"openAccess":18,"references":1916,"isForceReanalyzing":207},"7c888165-9bec-4e46-8068-17684dc61d9e","2024-04-17T17:40:20.720+00:00","2026-04-13T13:42:59.930+00:00",[],"Open-resection-and-reconstruction-of-a-Nasoseptal-Chondrosarcoma-case-report-and-literature-review",{"mag":1724,"gsPaper":1726,"pmc":1728,"openalex":1730,"abstract":1732,"title":1734,"pm":1736,"doi":1738},{"VOID":1725},"3014083488",{"VOID":1727},"[\"7760867135148882311\"]",{"VOID":1729},"7092573",{"VOID":1731},"W3014083488",{"EN":1733},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Background\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>Primary chondrosarcomas of the nasal septum are rare, with a variety of clinical features that evade detection and treatment. While endoscopic surgery has become increasingly accessible, open approaches may be needed to provide adequate visualization for tumour ablation and reconstruction. We report the resection and reconstructive considerations of a septal chondrosarcoma.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Case presentation\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>A 75-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of a slow growing, firm mass in the nasal tip causing protrusion and septal fullness. Computed Tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses revealed a well-circumscribed, 2.2 cm mass at the anterior nasal septum extending into the right vestibule. Biopsy of the cartilaginous lesion confirmed the diagnosis of a low-grade chondrosarcoma by histopathology. The tumour was removed using a transcolumellar open rhinoplasty approach with a large septal resection. Primary reconstruction of the surgical defect was performed using an L-shaped strut from the nasal keystone area to the columella. Follow-up examinations demonstrated no evidence of recurrent disease with satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcomes at 1-year.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Conclusion\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>This report describes a case of nasal septal chondrosarcoma successfully treated with surgical excision using an open rhinoplasty approach. Only 5–10% of chondrosarcomas are located in the head and neck region and arise rarely in the nasal septum in approximately 2–4%. With this mass, an open rhinoplasty approach was required to allow optimal exposure of the margins and to facilitate reconstruction without disruption of normal sinonasal anatomy and function. Although rare, chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nasal masses.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":1735},"Open resection and reconstruction of a Nasoseptal Chondrosarcoma: case report and literature review",{"VOID":1737},"32209139",{"VOID":1739},"10.1186\u002Fs40463-020-00409-6","2024-05-04T22:19:00.696+00:00",[402],"https:\u002F\u002Fjournalotohns.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40463-020-00409-6",[1744,1763,1782,1801,1816,1831,1846],{"id":1745,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1746,"affiliations":1747,"properties":1756,"displayName":1760,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"12f2a016-8026-4087-a487-da6380747e41",[],[1748],{"id":1749,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1750,"properties":18},"dfd91fb1-53cf-4112-b328-2244dbd0cb60",{"id":1749,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1751,"slug":18,"properties":1752,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1755,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1753},{"EN":1754},"Division of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada",[],{"orcid":1757,"title":1759,"openalex":1761},{"VOID":1758},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-6835-9114",{"EN":1760},"Changseok Lee",{"VOID":1762},"A5066631041",{"id":1764,"sortIndex":89,"researcher":18,"roles":1765,"affiliations":1766,"properties":1773,"displayName":1777,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"e30abffb-3e61-41d1-8b25-f246f708a9f6",[],[1767],{"id":1749,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1768,"properties":18},{"id":1749,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1769,"slug":18,"properties":1770,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1772,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1771},{"EN":1754},[],{"orcid":1774,"title":1776,"gsAuthor":1778,"openalex":1780},{"VOID":1775},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1014-3545",{"EN":1777},"David Forner",{"VOID":1779},"[\"LDgyHUAAAAAJ\"]",{"VOID":1781},"A5045381586",{"id":1783,"sortIndex":258,"researcher":18,"roles":1784,"affiliations":1785,"properties":1792,"displayName":1796,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"dfc433e8-17ff-46f6-a7fb-81532c401e7f",[],[1786],{"id":1749,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1787,"properties":18},{"id":1749,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1788,"slug":18,"properties":1789,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1791,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1790},{"EN":1754},[],{"orcid":1793,"title":1795,"gsAuthor":1797,"openalex":1799},{"VOID":1794},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1186-2146",{"EN":1796},"Martin Bullock",{"VOID":1798},"[\"DtXZWoUAAAAJ\"]",{"VOID":1800},"A5047864977",{"id":1802,"sortIndex":116,"researcher":18,"roles":1803,"affiliations":1804,"properties":1811,"displayName":1813,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"c24ce52c-031a-4f56-80ec-b427956d8f71",[],[1805],{"id":1749,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1806,"properties":18},{"id":1749,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1807,"slug":18,"properties":1808,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1810,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1809},{"EN":1754},[],{"title":1812,"openalex":1814},{"EN":1813},"Matthew H. 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The clinical approach towards Chondrosarcoma. Oncologist. 2008;13(3):320–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.2007-0237.",{"doi":1920},"10.1634\u002Ftheoncologist.2007-0237",{"id":18,"text":1922,"url":18,"identifiers":1923},"Andreou D, Ruppin S, Fehlberg S, Pink D, Werner M, Tunn P-U. Survival and prognostic factors in chondrosarcoma: results in 115 patients with long-term follow-up. Acta Orthop. 2011;82(6):749–55. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3109\u002F17453674.2011.636668.",{"doi":1924},"10.3109\u002F17453674.2011.636668",{"id":18,"text":1926,"url":18,"identifiers":1927},"Gagnier JJ, Kienle G, Altman DG, Moher D, Sox H, Riley D. The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development, vol. 6; 2013.",{},{"id":18,"text":1929,"url":18,"identifiers":1930},"Stavrakas M, Nixon I, Andi K, et al. Head and neck sarcomas: clinical and histopathological presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(9):850–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FS0022215116008604.",{"doi":1931},"10.1017\u002FS0022215116008604",{"id":18,"text":1933,"url":18,"identifiers":1934},"Ellis MA, Gerry DR, Byrd JK. Head and neck chondrosarcomas: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database: head and neck chondrosarcomas. Head Neck. 2016;38(9):1359–66. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fhed.24434.",{"doi":1935},"10.1002\u002Fhed.24434",{"id":18,"text":1937,"url":18,"identifiers":1938},"Edge SB. In: Manual AJCCCS, editor. American joint committee on Cancer. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010.",{},{"id":18,"text":1940,"url":18,"identifiers":1941},"Khan MN, Husain Q, Kanumuri VV, et al. Management of sinonasal chondrosarcoma: a systematic review of 161 patients: Sinonasal chondrosarcoma: a systematic review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013;3(8):670–7. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Falr.21162.",{"doi":1942},"10.1002\u002Falr.21162",{"id":18,"text":1944,"url":18,"identifiers":1945},"Fletcher C, Hogendoorn P, Mertens F, Bridge J. WHO classification of Tumours of soft tissue and bone. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2013.",{},{"id":18,"text":1947,"url":18,"identifiers":1948},"Evans H, Ayala A, Romsdahl M. Prognostic factors in chondrosarcoma of bone. A clinicopathologic analysis with emphasis on histologic grading 1977;40(2):14.",{},{"id":18,"text":1950,"url":18,"identifiers":1951},"Shinji N, Takashi F, Inouye K. Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum- A report of an uncommon lesion.pdf. Laryngoscope. 1984;94:550–3.",{"doi":1952},"10.1288\u002F00005537-198404000-00024",{"id":18,"text":1954,"url":18,"identifiers":1955},"the Skeletal Lesions Interobserver Correlation among Expert Diagnosticians (SLICED) Study Group. 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Yonsei Med J. 2005;46(2):228–32.",{"doi":1968},"10.3349\u002Fymj.2005.46.2.228",{"id":18,"text":1970,"url":18,"identifiers":1971},"Kaufman JK, Pritz MB, Righi PD, Bizal JC. Craniofacial resection of a nasoseptal chondrosarcoma: case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 1999;52(3):265–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002FS0090-3019(99)00085-3.",{"doi":1972},"10.1016\u002FS0090-3019(99)00085-3",{"id":18,"text":1974,"url":18,"identifiers":1975},"Magnano M, Boffano P, Machetta G, Garibaldi E, Delmastro E, Gabriele P. Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;272(3):765–72. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00405-014-3419-2.",{"doi":1976},"10.1007\u002Fs00405-014-3419-2",{"id":18,"text":1978,"url":18,"identifiers":1979},"Bahgat M, Bahgat Y, Bahgat A, Elwany Y. Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum. Case Rep. 2012;2012. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fbcr-2012-006266 (may30 1):bcr2012006266-bcr2012006266.",{"doi":1980},"10.1136\u002Fbcr-2012-006266",{"id":18,"text":1982,"url":18,"identifiers":1983},"Rufus M, Luu T, Joel S, Yao F, Thomas C, Robert P. UCLA Chondrosarcoma of the Head and Neck.pdf. Am J Clin Oncol. 1993;16(3):232–37.",{},{"id":18,"text":1985,"url":18,"identifiers":1986},"Stevenson JD, Laitinen MK, Parry MC, Sumathi V, Grimer RJ, Jeys LM. The role of surgical margins in chondrosarcoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018;44(9):1412–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ejso.2018.05.033.",{"doi":1987},"10.1016\u002Fj.ejso.2018.05.033",{"id":18,"text":1989,"url":18,"identifiers":1990},"Coppit GL, Eusterman VD, Bartels J, Downey TJ. Endoscopic resection of Chondrosarcomas of the nasal septum: a report of 2 cases. Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2002;127(6):569–71. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1067\u002Fmhn.2002.128899.",{"doi":1991},"10.1067\u002Fmhn.2002.128899",{"id":18,"text":1993,"url":18,"identifiers":1994},"Nakamura M, Stöver T, Rodt T, et al. Neuronavigational guidance in craniofacial approaches for large (Para) nasal tumors involving the anterior skull base and upper clival lesions. Eur J Surg Oncol EJSO. 2009;35(6):666–72. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ejso.2008.10.011.",{"doi":1995},"10.1016\u002Fj.ejso.2008.10.011",{"id":18,"text":1997,"url":18,"identifiers":1998},"Carrau RL, Aydogan B, Hunt JL. Chondrosarcoma of the sphenoid sinus resected by an endoscopic approach. Am J Otolaryngol. 2004;25(4):274–7. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.amjoto.2003.12.007.",{"doi":1999},"10.1016\u002Fj.amjoto.2003.12.007",{"id":18,"text":2001,"url":18,"identifiers":2002},"Frank G, Sciarretta V, Calbucci F, Farneti G, Mazzatenta D, Pasquini E. The Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Approach for the Treatment of Cranial Base Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas. Oper Neurosurg. 2006;59:ONS-50-ONS-57. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1227\u002F01.NEU.0000219914.17221.55.",{"doi":2003},"10.1227\u002F01.NEU.0000219914.17221.55",{"id":18,"text":2005,"url":18,"identifiers":2006},"Matthews B, Whang C, Smith S. Endoscopic resection of a nasal Septal Chondrosarcoma: first report of a case. Ear Nose Throat J. 2002;81(5):327–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F014556130208100510.",{"doi":2007},"10.1177\u002F014556130208100510",{"id":18,"text":2009,"url":18,"identifiers":2010},"Knott PD, Gannon FH, Thompson LDR. Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Sinonasal Tract: A Clinicopathological Study of 13 Cases With a Review of the Literature. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(5):783–90. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002F00005537-200305000-00004.",{"doi":2011},"10.1097\u002F00005537-200305000-00004",{"id":2013,"createTime":2014,"updateTime":2015,"relativeEntities":2016,"slug":2017,"properties":2018,"entityType":112,"verifyStatus":113,"verifyTime":2028,"verifyNote":115,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":2029,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":2030,"publicationType":150,"publisherRelationship":2133,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":2183,"publishYear":2184,"citationAnalyzeStatus":904,"lastCitationAnalyze":2185,"indexDatabases":2186,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":207},"6733b00b-fcf0-4bfe-80f5-dd11a1126c31","2024-02-15T05:43:25.200+00:00","2026-04-08T23:15:26.277+00:00",[],"Is-otologic-surgery-contributing-to-the-opioid-epidemic-",{"abstract":2019,"title":2021,"gsPaper":2023,"references":2024,"doi":2026},{"EN":2020},"The opioid epidemic is a significant public health crisis challenging the lives of North Americans. Interestingly, this problem does not exist to the same extent in Europe. Surgeons play a significant role in prescribing opioids, especially in the context of post-operative pain management. The aim of this study was to compare the post-surgical prescribing patterns of otologists comparing Canada and Austria. An online questionnaire was sent to 33 Canadian and 32 Austrian surgeons, who perform otologic surgery on a regular basis. Surgeons were asked to answer some questions about their background as well as typical prescribing patterns for postoperative pain medication for different ear surgeries (cochlear implant, stapedotomy, tympanoplasty). In addition, surgeons were asked about the typical use of local anesthetics for pain control at the end of a procedure. Otologists gave an estimate how confident they were that their therapy and prescriptions provide sufficient pain control to their patients. Analysis of the returned questionnaires showed that opioids are more commonly prescribed in Canada than in Austria. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for postoperative pain more regularly after ear surgery in Austria, as opposed to Canada. Some of the prescribed drugs by European otologists are not available in North America. The use of local anesthetics at the end of surgery is not common in Austria. Surgeons´ confidence that the prescribed pain medication was sufficient to control postoperative symptoms was higher in the group not prescribing opioids than in the group that did routinely prescribe opioids. Prescribing patterns differ substantially between the two evaluated countries. This data suggests an opportunity to reduce opioid prescriptions after otologic surgeries. Studies to evaluate pain after these operations as well as efficacy of analgesics following ear surgery are an important next step. \n                  \n                    \n                      \n                    \n                  \n                ",{"EN":2022},"Is otologic surgery contributing to the opioid epidemic?",{"VOID":692},{"VOID":2025},"Wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research (WONDER). Atlanta: CDC, National Center for Health Statistics; 2020.\nNgombu S, Hooks A, Rock AN, Nogan S, Adunka OF, Dodson EE, et al. Comparison of opioid prescription patterns and consumption following otologic surgery. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(2):229–34. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FMAO.0000000000002490.\nBicket MC, Long JJ, Pronovost PJ, Alexander GC, Wu CL. Prescription opioid analgesics commonly unused after surgery: a systematic review. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(11):1066–71. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1001\u002Fjamasurg.2017.0831.\nHill MV, Stucke RS, Billmeier SE, Kelly JL, Barth RJ Jr. Guideline for discharge opioid prescriptions after inpatient general surgical procedures. J Am Coll Surg. 2018;226(6):996–1003. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jamcollsurg.2017.10.012.\nManchikanti L, Helm S 2nd, Fellows B, Janata JW, Pampati V, Grider JS, et al. Opioid epidemic in the United States. Pain Phys. 2012;15(3 Suppl):ES9–38.\nSchwartz MA, Naples JG, Kuo CL, Falcone TE. Opioid prescribing patterns among otolaryngologists. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;158(5):854–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F0194599818757959.\nRosner B, Neicun J, Yang JC, Roman-Urrestarazu A. Opioid prescription patterns in Germany and the global opioid epidemic: systematic review of available evidence. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0221153. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0221153.\nLadha KS, Neuman MD, Broms G, Bethell J, Bateman BT, Wijeysundera DN, et al. Opioid prescribing after surgery in the United States, Canada, and Sweden. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(9):e1910734. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1001\u002Fjamanetworkopen.2019.10734.\nYoung JD, Bhashyam AR, Qudsi RA, Parisien RL, Shrestha S, van der Vliet QMJ, et al. Cross-cultural comparison of postoperative discharge opioid prescribing after orthopaedic trauma surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(14):1286–93. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2106\u002FJBJS.18.01022.\nMahairas AD, Neff R, Craker N, McNulty BN, Shinn JB, Bush ML. Trends in opioid usage following tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(8):e1035–40.\nNguyen KK, Liu YF, Chang C, Park JJ, Kim CH, Hondorp B, et al. A randomized single-blinded trial of ibuprofen- versus opioid-based primary analgesic therapy in outpatient otolaryngology surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;160(5):839–46. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F0194599819832528.\nBeliveau A, Castilloux AM, Tannenbaum C, Vincent P, de Moura CS, Bernatsky S, et al. Predictors of long-term use of prescription opioids in the community-dwelling population of adults without a cancer diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study. CMAJ Open. 2021;9(1):E96–E106. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.9778\u002Fcmajo.20200076.\nAlam A, Gomes T, Zheng H, Mamdani MM, Juurlink DN, Bell CM. Long-term analgesic use after low-risk surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(5):425–30. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1001\u002Farchinternmed.2011.1827.\nSommer M, Geurts JW, Stessel B, Kessels AG, Peters ML, Patijn J, et al. Prevalence and predictors of postoperative pain after ear, nose, and throat surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135(2):124–30. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1001\u002Farchoto.2009.3.\nCampbell HT, Yuhan BT, Smith B, Misch E, Svider PF, Pashkova AA, et al. Perioperative analgesia for patients undergoing otologic surgery: an evidence-based review. Laryngoscope. 2020;130(1):190–9. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Flary.27872.\nFrants A, Garber D, Lafer MP, Gordon SA, Markey JD, Zhang Y, et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing opioids versus nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory drugs for postoperative analgesia in outpatient rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021;147(1):56–62. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FPRS.0000000000007427.\nChou R, Wagner J, Ahmed AY, Blazina I, Brodt E, Buckley DI, et al. Treatments for acute pain: a systematic review. Rockville: AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews; 2020.\nWick EC, Grant MC, Wu CL. Postoperative multimodal analgesia pain management with nonopioid analgesics and techniques: a review. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(7):691–7. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1001\u002Fjamasurg.2017.0898.\nAndrade S, Bartels DB, Lange R, Sandford L, Gurwitz J. Safety of metamizole: a systematic review of the literature. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016;41(5):459–77. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fjcpt.12422.\nKonijnenbelt-Peters J, van der Heijden C, Ekhart C, Bos J, Bruhn J, Kramers C. Metamizole (dipyrone) as an alternative agent in postoperative analgesia in patients with contraindications for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain Pract. 2017;17(3):402–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fpapr.12467.\nOwusu Obeng A, Hamadeh I, Smith M. Review of opioid pharmacogenetics and considerations for pain management. Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37(9):1105–21. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fphar.1986.\nFrei MY, Nielsen S, Dobbin MD, Tobin CL. Serious morbidity associated with misuse of over-the-counter codeine-ibuprofen analgesics: a series of 27 cases. Med J Aust. 2010;193(5):294–6. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5694\u002Fj.1326-5377.2010.tb03911.x.\nLevy B, Paulozzi L, Mack KA, Jones CM. Trends in opioid analgesic-prescribing rates by specialty, U.S., 2007-2012. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(3):409–13. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.amepre.2015.02.020.\nPeene L, Le Cacheux P, Sauter AR, Joshi GP, Beloeil H, Collaborators PWG, et al. Pain management after laminectomy: a systematic review and procedure-specific post-operative pain management (prospect) recommendations. Eur Spine J. 2020. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00586-020-06661-8.\nCramer JD, Barnett ML, Anne S, Bateman BT, Rosenfeld RM, Tunkel DE, et al. Nonopioid, multimodal analgesia as first-line therapy after otolaryngology operations: primer on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). 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