[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"_public_publisher_byId_7efbe0b4-d816-42f7-b7b9-adb741e96118":3,"_public_publication_all{\"sortAscending\":false,\"sortField\":\"updateTime\",\"page\":0,\"size\":10,\"facet\":true,\"searchKey\":\"publisherId:7efbe0b4-d816-42f7-b7b9-adb741e96118,\"}":67},{"code":4,"data":5,"meta":20},"SUCCESS",{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":9,"slug":10,"properties":11,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":22,"manageAffiliations":23,"indexDatabases":24,"url":59,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":60,"gsStatistic":20,"type":66,"analyzePriority":20},"7efbe0b4-d816-42f7-b7b9-adb741e96118","2024-04-11T10:10:18.736+00:00","2025-11-21T10:01:01.689+00:00",[],"Journal-of-Economics-Race-and-Policy",{"issn":12,"eissn":14,"title":16},{"VOID":13},"2520-842X",{"VOID":15},"2520-8411",{"EN":17},"Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy","PUBLISHER","PENDING",null,0,[],[],[25,42],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":27,"url":41,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},"46db3d93-f1e5-4ad4-b70f-e3ac39cf7b05",{"id":28,"createTime":29,"updateTime":30,"relativeEntities":31,"label":32,"description":34,"key":37,"publicationTags":38,"standard":20},"88bab0f7-443b-476c-a72a-7fa5222da393","2023-05-22T09:58:31.181+00:00","2025-11-21T10:07:52.271+00:00",[],{"EN":33,"VI":33},"ISI\u002FESCI  - Emerging Sources Citation Index",{"VI":35,"EN":36},"Cơ sở dữ liệu ESCI","ESCI database","esci",[39,40],"ESCI","ISI","https:\u002F\u002Fmjl.clarivate.com\u002Fsearch-results?issn=2520-8411",{"id":43,"indexDatabase":44,"url":56,"indexYears":57,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":58},"aa3153e9-e744-43d9-84ce-3cd8ad6c507a",{"id":45,"createTime":46,"updateTime":47,"relativeEntities":48,"label":49,"description":51,"key":53,"publicationTags":54,"standard":20},"3c7051d4-eb7d-4c57-a56b-36fc74c5d1e9","2023-05-22T09:57:18.509+00:00","2025-11-21T10:07:52.274+00:00",[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},"Scopus - Elsevier",{"EN":50,"VI":52},"Cơ sở dữ liệu Scopus thuộc Elsevier","scopus",[55],"SCOPUS","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scopus.com\u002Fsourceid\u002F21101192306","2022-2025","NONE","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Fjournal\u002F41996",{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":61,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":62,"totalPublicationByYear":63,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":64,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":65,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},1,{"2018":62},{},{},"JOURNAL",{"meta":68,"data":70},{"total":69},"91",[71,156,217,324,592,702,781,861,955,1033],{"id":72,"createTime":73,"updateTime":74,"relativeEntities":75,"slug":76,"properties":77,"entityType":86,"verifyStatus":87,"verifyTime":74,"verifyNote":88,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":89,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":90,"publicationType":120,"publisherRelationship":121,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":153,"publishYear":154,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":155},"40b96bbe-e256-4bef-ac41-1de8ad8116fb","2024-01-21T11:45:35.623+00:00","2025-02-11T23:48:26.994+00:00",[],"Love-Is-Not-all-you-Need-Income-Requirement-for-Visa-Sponsorship-of-Foreign-Family-Members",{"references":78,"abstract":80,"title":82,"doi":84},{"VOID":79},"Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service. What’s the difference? Direct and indirect discrimination: ACAS Workplace Snippets; 2013.\nBlinder S. Non-European labour migration to the UK. Oxford: Migration Observatory; 2017.\nBroughton A, Adams L, Cranney M, Dobie S, Marangozov R, Markaki Y, et al. Examining employers’ practices and attitudes to employing UK-born and foreign-born workers. London: Equality and Human Rights Commission; 2016.\nBudig MJ, England P. The wage penalty for motherhood. Am Sociol Rev. 2001;66(2):204–25.\nCourt of Appeal. MM & Ors, R (On the Application Of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Rev 1) EWCA Civ 985, 11 July 2014.\nDesira C. Home Office makes changes to appendix FM minimum income rule following MM case. Free movement blog, 10 August 2017. 2017. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.freemovement.org.uk\u002Fhome-office-makes-changes-appendix-fm-minimum-income-rule-following-mm-case\u002F (accessed Aug 23 2018).\nGoodwin MJ, Heath O. The 2016 referendum, Brexit and the left behind: an aggregate-level analysis of the result. Polit Q. 2016;87(3):323–32.\nHampshire, James (2013) “The politics of immigration: contradictions of the liberal state” Polity Press.\nHigh Court. MM, R (on the application of) v The Secretary of State for the Home Department. EWHC 1900 (Admin), 05 July 2013.\nHome Office. “Immigration: home secretary’s speech of 5 November 2010.” 2010. Available on: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fspeeches\u002Fimmigration-home-secretarys-speech-of-5-november-2010 (accessed 23 Aug 2018).\nHome Office. Family migration: a consultation. London: Home Office; 2011a.\nHome Office. Family migration: evidence and analysis. London: Home Office; 2011b.\nHome Office. “Changes to family migration rules: impact assessment.” London: Home Office; 2012.\nHome Office. Migrant journey: sixth report. London: Home Office; 2016.\nHome Office. Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline. London: Home Office; 2018a.\nHome Office. 2018 Home Office Immigration Statistics. London: Home Office; 2018b.\nHuddleston T. “Can’t buy me love.” MIPEX Blog. 2012. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mipex.eu\u002Fblog\u002F?p=1321 (accessed 23 Aug 2018).\nImmigration Law Practitioners’ Association. Family migration: sponsoring a partner under the immigration rules and the minimum income requirement. London: ILPA; 2017.\nIrish Naturalisation and Immigration Service. Policy document on non-EEA family reunification. Dublin: INIS; 2016.\nKilkey M. Conditioning family-life at the intersection of migration and welfare: the implications for ‘Brexit families’. J Soc Policy. 2017;46(4):797–814.\nMigrant Integration Policy Index. Barcelona Centre for International Affairs and Migration Policy Group. 2015. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.mipex.eu\u002F (accessed 23 Aug 2018).\nMigration Advisory Committee. Analysis of the impacts of migration. London: MAC; 2012.\nOECD. International migration outlook: 2017. Paris: OECD; 2017.\nOffice for National Statistics. Quarterly Labour Force Survey, 1992–2018: Secure Access. [data collection]. 13th Edition. UK Data Service. SN: 6727, 2018. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5255\u002FUKDA-SN-6727-14\nSirriyeh A. All you need is love and £18,600′: class and the new UK family migration rules. Crit Soc Policy. 2012;35(2):228–47.\nSpencer S, Pobjoy R. Equality for all? The relationship between immigration status and the allocation of rights in the United Kingdom. Eur Human Rights Law Rev. 2012:160–75.\nSumption M, Fernandez-Reino M. “Exploiting the opportunity: low-skilled worker programmes after Brexit” Migration Observatory report: COMPAS, University of Oxford; 2018.\nSumption M, Vargas-Silva C. “The minimum income requirement for non-EEA family members in the UK.” Migration Observatory report: COMPAS, University of Oxford; 2016.\nVargas-Silva C. EU migration to the UK: trends and impacts. Intereconomics. 2014;49(3):123–8.\nVargas-Silva C. EU migration to and from the UK after Brexit. Intereconomics. 2016;51(5):251–5.\nYeo, Colin. “The immigration rules for adult dependant relatives: out with the old…” Freemovement blog, 8 November 2017. 2017 Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.freemovement.org.uk\u002Fout-with-the-old\u002F (accessed 23 Aug 2018).",{"EN":81},"In this paper, we explain conceptually how income requirements for citizens of a country to sponsor visas of foreign family members discriminate against certain groups of the population. Then, we analyse the case of an annual income requirement of £18,600 adopted by the UK Government in 2012 to sponsor visas of non-EEA partners and children in order to show the degree to which the policy discriminates against women and ethnic minorities. Results suggest that, controlling for relevant socio-demographic characteristics, British working women are 30 percentage points less likely to earn enough to sponsor a non-EEA partner compared to males, while working British ethnic minorities are 7 percentage points less likely to earn enough compared to the British White group. In order for the income requirement to have the same impact on men and women’s ability to sponsor their partner, it would in theory be necessary to reduce the annual income threshold to £15,550 for British women and raise it to £24,600 for British men. Given the conceptual problems with such an approach, we also explore whether there are other ways to reduce the indirect discriminatory effects of the threshold. Specifically, we show that the practice of not accounting for the potential earnings of the non-EEA spouse in the UK when considering visa applications likely penalises women more than men.",{"EN":83},"Love Is Not all you Need: Income Requirement for Visa Sponsorship of Foreign Family Members",{"VOID":85},"10.1007\u002Fs41996-018-0022-8","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","Auto Verify","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs41996-018-0022-8",[91,108],{"id":92,"sortIndex":62,"researcher":20,"roles":93,"affiliations":95,"properties":105},"b9f0cef2-3252-4c53-a7d4-c755cbbef872",[94],"AUTHOR",[96],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":97,"properties":20},{"id":98,"createTime":99,"updateTime":99,"relativeEntities":100,"slug":20,"properties":101,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"5e0c700d-6b18-4dc0-a910-c760ca920861","2024-01-13T05:58:46.450+00:00",[],{"title":102},{"VI":103},"Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","AFFILIATION",{"title":106},{"VI":107},"Carlos Vargas-Silva",{"id":109,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":110,"affiliations":111,"properties":117},"6ca6b0c4-2396-40e8-9678-a6ae562a5f96",[94],[112],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":113,"properties":20},{"id":98,"createTime":99,"updateTime":99,"relativeEntities":114,"slug":20,"properties":115,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":116},{"VI":103},{"title":118},{"VI":119},"Madeleine Sumption","ARTICLE",{"url":89,"publisher":122,"properties":148},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":123,"slug":10,"properties":124,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":128,"manageAffiliations":129,"indexDatabases":130,"url":59,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":143,"gsStatistic":20,"type":66,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":125,"eissn":126,"title":127},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},[],[],[131,137],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":132,"url":41,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":28,"createTime":29,"updateTime":30,"relativeEntities":133,"label":134,"description":135,"key":37,"publicationTags":136,"standard":20},[],{"EN":33,"VI":33},{"VI":35,"EN":36},[39,40],{"id":43,"indexDatabase":138,"url":56,"indexYears":57,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":58},{"id":45,"createTime":46,"updateTime":47,"relativeEntities":139,"label":140,"description":141,"key":53,"publicationTags":142,"standard":20},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":50,"VI":52},[55],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":144,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":62,"totalPublicationByYear":145,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":146,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":147,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"2018":62},{},{},{"volume":149,"pages":151},{"VOID":150},"2",{"VOID":152},"62-76","2018-10-16",2018,false,{"id":157,"createTime":158,"updateTime":159,"relativeEntities":160,"slug":161,"properties":162,"entityType":86,"verifyStatus":87,"verifyTime":159,"verifyNote":88,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":167,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":168,"publicationType":120,"publisherRelationship":184,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":216,"publishYear":154,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":155},"74330fbe-3e36-49e2-950b-dff5b2ce6c44","2023-12-18T09:39:03.029+00:00","2025-01-03T23:39:22.768+00:00",[],"Introduction-by-the-Editor-in-Chief",{"title":163,"doi":165},{"EN":164},"Introduction by the Editor-in-Chief",{"VOID":166},"10.1007\u002Fs41996-018-0006-8","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs41996-018-0006-8",[169],{"id":170,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":171,"affiliations":172,"properties":181},"5ea48062-f6f1-416e-81bb-15cbd21d1919",[94],[173],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":174,"properties":20},{"id":175,"createTime":176,"updateTime":176,"relativeEntities":177,"slug":20,"properties":178,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"607ffcdf-b561-41b1-badf-f2e5d6e22464","2023-12-29T13:32:04.892+00:00",[],{"title":179},{"VI":180},"Department of Economics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA",{"title":182},{"VI":183},"Gary A. Hoover",{"url":167,"publisher":185,"properties":211},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":186,"slug":10,"properties":187,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":191,"manageAffiliations":192,"indexDatabases":193,"url":59,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":206,"gsStatistic":20,"type":66,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":188,"eissn":189,"title":190},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},[],[],[194,200],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":195,"url":41,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":28,"createTime":29,"updateTime":30,"relativeEntities":196,"label":197,"description":198,"key":37,"publicationTags":199,"standard":20},[],{"EN":33,"VI":33},{"VI":35,"EN":36},[39,40],{"id":43,"indexDatabase":201,"url":56,"indexYears":57,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":58},{"id":45,"createTime":46,"updateTime":47,"relativeEntities":202,"label":203,"description":204,"key":53,"publicationTags":205,"standard":20},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":50,"VI":52},[55],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":207,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":62,"totalPublicationByYear":208,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":209,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":210,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"2018":62},{},{},{"volume":212,"pages":214},{"VOID":213},"1",{"VOID":215},"2-2","2018-06-18",{"id":218,"createTime":219,"updateTime":220,"relativeEntities":221,"slug":222,"properties":223,"entityType":86,"verifyStatus":87,"verifyTime":220,"verifyNote":88,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":232,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":233,"publicationType":120,"publisherRelationship":290,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":322,"publishYear":323,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":155},"6284423d-4bf8-43a8-8e39-c0d7c3167276","2024-01-11T19:57:23.126+00:00","2024-12-23T23:31:41.266+00:00",[],"In-Hoc-Signo-Vinces-an-Exploratory-Study-on-the-Impact-of-Religion-on-Violence-in-Sport",{"references":224,"abstract":226,"title":228,"doi":230},{"VOID":225},"Alfano V, Capasso S. The economics of table soccer. BE J Econ Anal Policy. 2020;20(1):20190229.\nAltman M. Behavioral economics for dummies. Mississauga: John Wiley & Sons; 2012.\nAltman HJR, Altman M, Torgler B, editors. Behavioural sports economics. New York: Routledge; 2021.\nAzzi C, Ehrenberg R. Household allocation of time and church attendance. J Political Econ. 1975;83(1):27–56.\nBanfield EC. The moral basis of a backward society. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press; 1958.\nBecker G. Crime and punishment: an economic approach. J Political Econ. 1968;76:169–217.\nBoeri T, Severgnini B. The decline of professional football in Italy IZA Discussion Papers, No. 7018. 2012.\nBrown D, James P. Religious characteristics of states dataset project – demographics v. 2.0 (RCS-Dem 2.0), COUNTRIES ONLY. 2019.\nBrown D. The sword, the cross, and the eagle: the American Christian just war tradition. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 2008.\nCahill LS. Love your enemies: discipleship, pacifism, and just war theory. Minneapolis: Fortress Press; 1994.\nCameron AC, Trivedi PK. Regression analysis of count data. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2013.\nCanetti D, Hobfoll SE, Pedahzur A, Zaidise E. Much ado about religion: religiosity, resource loss, and support for political violence. J Peace Res. 2010;47(5):575–87.\nCaruso R, Di Domizio M, Savage D. Determinants of aggressiveness in soccer: evidence from FIFA and UEFA tournaments. Econ Bull. 2015;35(3):2005–11.\nCaruso R, Di Domizio M, Savage D. Differences in national identity, violence and conflict in international sport tournaments: Hic Sunt Leones! KYKLOS. 2017;70(4):522–45.\nCasanova J. Rethinking secularization: a global comparative perspective. Hedgehog Rev. 2006;6:7–22.\nEnd CM, Kretschmar J, Campbell J, Mueller DG, Dietz-Uhler B. Sport fans’ attitudes toward war analogies as descriptors for sport. J Sport Behav. 2003;26(4):356–67.\nGnedenko BV, Kolmogorov AN. Limit distributions for sums of independent random variables. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 1954.\nGoff B, Tollison R, editors. Sportometrics. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, College Station; 1990.\nGuiso L, Sapienza P, Zingales L. People’s opium? Religion and economic attitudes. J Monetary Econ. 2003;50(1):225–82.\nGuiso L, Sapienza P, Zingales L. Does culture affect economic outcomes? J Econ Perspect. 2006;20(2):23–48.\nHeinemann A, Verner D. Crime and violence in development: a literature review of Latin America and the Caribbean, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4041. 2006.\nHoffman SJ. Evangelicalism and the revitalization of religious ritual in sport. Arete: J Sport Lit. 1985;2–2:63.\nJohnson JT. Ideology, reason, and the limitation of war: religious and secular concepts 1200–1740. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1975.\nJohnson JT. The quest for peace: three moral traditions in western cultural history. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1987.\nLa Place PS. Essai philosophique sur les probabilites, Courcier. 1814.\nLe Cam L. the central limit theorem around 1935. Stat Sci. 1986;1(1):78–96.\nMacmillan P, Smith I. Explaining international soccer rankings. J Sports Econ. 2007;8(2):202–13.\nMangan JA (ed). Militarism, sport, Europe: war without weapons, Routledge. 2003.\nMazurkiewicz M. Some observations about ritual in sport, Studies in physical culture and tourism, 2011; 18(4).\nMcCleary RM, Barro RJ. Religion and economy. J Econ Perspect. 2006;20(2):49–72.\nMiguel E, Saiegh SM, Satyanath S. National cultures and soccer violence. NBER Working Paper No. 13968. 2008.\nMurdoch J, Sandler t. Civil wars and economic growth: spatial dispersion. Am J Polit Sci. 2004;48(1):138–51.\nMurphy AR, editor. The Blackwell companion to religion and violence. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.\nNeyman J. On the two different aspects of the representative method: the method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection. J Royal Stat Soc. 1934;97(4):558–625.\nPettersson-Lidbom P, Priks M. Behavior under social pressure: empty Italian stadiums and referee bias. Econ Lett. 2010;108–2:212–4.\nPew Research Center. The changing global religious landscape. 2017.\nSegrave JO. The sports metaphor in American cultural discourse. Cult Sport Soc. 2000;3(1):48–60.\nSmith A, Porter D. (eds.) Sport and national identity in the post-war world, Routledge. 2004.\nStark R. Micro foundations of religion: a revised theory. Sociol Theory. 1999;17(3):264–89.\nWaldmann P. Is there a culture of violence in Colombia? Int J Confl Violence. 2007;1(1):61–75.\nWorld Bank. Breaking the conflict trap: civil war and development policy. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2003.",{"EN":227},"Does religion continue to spur \nviolence even in contemporary times? This work aims to shed some light on the relationship between belonging to a given religion and violent behavior. Whereas religions often preach love and caring for others (meaning that among believers, a decrease in the level of violence may be registered), at the same time, it could be argued that a religious sense of belonging shapes self-identity and that in challenging situations this increases violence, especially towards foreigners. To test this hypothesis, we gathered data about yellow and red cards from the FIFA World Cup, obtaining a dataset of quasi-experimental data on violence, which we integrated with the Religious Characteristics of States Dataset Project. Via a quantitative analysis that employs different estimators, our results show that the more Christians there are in a country, the more violent its national team will be, whereas the more Buddhists there are, the less violent the team will be. No significant relationship is found with regard to Jews or Muslims. Finally, when investigating Christian confessions, Eastern Christians appear to show the most violent behavior.",{"EN":229},"In Hoc Signo Vinces—an Exploratory Study on the Impact of Religion on Violence in Sport",{"VOID":231},"10.1007\u002Fs41996-023-00115-1","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs41996-023-00115-1",[234,259,275],{"id":235,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":236,"affiliations":237,"properties":256},"dd96b3b4-3ea2-487c-9596-2f78b4d8de01",[94],[238,248],{"id":239,"sortIndex":62,"affiliation":240,"properties":247},"559f7f59-7cf6-4a31-9aa9-fa5291377e5b",{"id":241,"createTime":242,"updateTime":242,"relativeEntities":243,"slug":20,"properties":244,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"4c5bb9ab-00a3-44d2-a8bb-694602136a6f","2024-01-11T19:57:23.139+00:00",[],{"title":245},{"VI":246},"Center for Economic Studies - CESifo, Munich, 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Afr Rev Econ Finance. 2020;12:3–37.",{},{"id":20,"text":699,"url":20,"identifiers":700},"Rose-Redwood R, Kitchin R, Apostolopoulou E, Rickards L, Blackman T, Crampton J, et al. Geographies of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dialogues Hum Geogr. 2020;10:97–106.",{"doi":701},"10.1177\u002F2043820620936050",{"id":703,"createTime":704,"updateTime":705,"relativeEntities":706,"slug":707,"properties":708,"entityType":86,"verifyStatus":87,"verifyTime":705,"verifyNote":88,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":62,"primaryUrl":717,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":718,"publicationType":120,"publisherRelationship":748,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":779,"publishYear":780,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":155},"11f58244-72c2-434c-96ad-e7d12cf64f3a","2023-12-21T17:13:36.988+00:00","2025-01-06T23:02:46.554+00:00",[],"The-Dark-Figure-of-Crime-in-Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean",{"references":709,"abstract":711,"title":713,"doi":715},{"VOID":710},"Averdijk M, Elffers H. The discrepancy between survey-based victim accounts and police reports revisited. International review of victimology. 2012;18(2):91–107.\nBowles R, Reyes MG, Garoupa N. Crime reporting decisions and the costs of crime. Eur J Crim Policy Res. 2009;15:365–77.\nGenn HG. Findings of a pilot survey of victimization in England. Victimology. 1976;1(2):253–62.\nGoudriaan H. Neighbourhood characteristics and reporting crime: Effects of Social Cohesion, Confidence in Police Effectiveness and Socio-Economic Disadvantage. Br J Criminol. 2005;46(4):719–42.\nHart TC, Colavito V. College student victims and reporting crime to the police: the influence of collective efficacy. West Criminol Rev. 2011;12:3): 1–19.\nInstituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC). Encuesta Nacional de Hogares. Costa Rica; 2010.\nInstituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares. México; 2011.\nInstituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC). Encuesta Nacional de Hogares. Costa Rica; 2014.\nInstituto Universitario de Opinión Pública (IUDOP). La percepción de la seguridad y la confianza en las instituciones públicas. Línea de Base del Plan de Acción ASOCIO para el crecimiento. Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas, UCA. El Salvador; 2013a. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdeunodc.inegi.org.mx\u002Funodc\u002Fwp-includes\u002Fjs\u002Fmapa11\u002Fpais\u002Fdoc\u002Famerica\u002FELSALV-usaid2012_Informe.pdf\nInstituto Universitario de Opinión Pública (IUDOP). La percepción de la seguridad y la confianza en las instituciones públicas. Resultados de la segunda medición de indicadores del Plan de Acción ASOCIO para el crecimiento. Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas, UCA. El Salvador; 2013b. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdeunodc.inegi.org.mx\u002Funodc\u002Fwp-includes\u002Fjs\u002Fmapa11\u002Fpais\u002Fdoc\u002Famerica\u002FELSALV2013_usaid_informe.pdf\nJaitman L, editor. The welfare costs of crime and violence in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank; 2015.\nJaitman L, editor. The costs of crime and violence new evidence and insights in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank; 2017.\nKaariainen J, Siren R. Trust in the Police, generalized trust and reporting crime. Eur J Criminol. 2011;8(1):65–81.\nMurphy K, Barkworth J. Victim willingness to report crime to police: does procedural justice or outcome matter Most? Vict Offenders. 2014;9(2):178–204.\nOrganization of American States (OEA). Acceso a la justicia para mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual: la educación y la salud. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights; 2011\nPemberton C, Joel J. National Women’s health survey for Trinidad and Tobago. Final Report. Inter-American Development Bank; 2018\nSanguinetti P, Ortega D, Berniell L, Álvarez F, Mejía D, Castillo JC, et al. Towards a safer Latin America. A new perspective to prevent and control crime. Bogota: Andean Development Corporation; 2015.\nSchneider AL, Griffith WR, Sumi DH, Burcart JM. Portland forward records check of crime victims. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1978.\nSkogan WG. Dimensions of the DF of unreported crime. Crime Delinq. 1977;23(1):41–50.\nSmit PR, Kalidien S, Meijer RF. On the integration of victim surveys and police data: the case of the Netherlands. The Hague: Statistical Unit, Research Centre (WODC), Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands; Forthcoming.\nSoares RR. Development, crime, and punishment: accounting for the international differences in crime rates. J Dev Econ. 2004;73(1):155–84.\nSoares RR, Naritomi J. Understanding high crime rates in Latin America: the role of social and policy factors. In: Di Tella R, Edwards S, Schargrodsky E, editors. The economics of crime: lessons for and from Latin America. Chicago: National Bureau of Economic Research and the University of Chicago Press.; 2010.\nSozzo M. ¿Contando el delito? Análisis crítico y comparativo de las encuestas de Victimización en Argentina. OAS Working Paper. Washington, DC: Organization of America States; 2003.\nTarling R, Morris K. Reporting crime to the police. Br J Criminol. 2010;50:474–40.\nTolsma J, Blaauw J, Grotenhuis M. When do people report crime to the police? Results from a factorial survey Design in the Netherlands, 2010. J Exp Criminol. 2012;8(2):117–34.\nUnidad de Información Criminológica de la Dirección de Política Criminal de la Fiscalía General del Estado. Delitoscopio Informe Estadístico, Quito; 2015\nUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Manual Para Encuestas de Victimización. Geneva: United Nations Geneva; 2010.\nUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Global Study on Homicide 2018. Vienna; 2018.\nVan Dijk JJ. Als de Dag van Gisteren. Over de Betrouwbaarheid van het Slachtofferverhaal. Justitie¨le Verkenningen. 1992;18:47–65.\nVan Dijk J, Van Kesteren J, Smit P. Criminal victimisation in international perspective: key findings from the 2004–2005 ICVS and EU ICS. Boom Juridische Uitgevers, Reeks Onderzoek en Beleid No. 257; 2008\nZakula BF. La cifra oscura y las razones de la no denuncia en México. Centro de Excelencia para Información Estadística de Gobierno, Victimización, Seguridad Pública y Justicia; 2015",{"EN":712},"The dark figure of crime is the gap between crimes reported in victimization surveys and crimes registered in administrative police records. This paper quantifies the dark figure of gender-based violent crimes through a systematic comparison between official crime figures and victimization surveys in Latin America and the Caribbean over 2004–2014. We find that the dark figure of gender-based violent crimes is between 92 and 95% in comparison with a dark figure of between 63 and 80% in developed countries. This means that in the region, around 5 out of every 100 crimes are found in administrative police records. The dark figure of gender-based violent crimes is similar to that of extortion and kidnapping, but it is significantly greater than the dark figure of assaults and robberies of vehicles (65 and 52%, respectively). Our results show that the perception of corruption and the low confidence in the police are positively associated with the dark figure of crime through the channel of under-reporting and that the dark figure of gender-based violent crimes is greater in rural areas. These findings provide evidence of a potential bias in administrative police data and the need for policies aimed at reducing under-reporting, in particular for gender-based violent crimes.",{"EN":714},"The Dark Figure of Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean",{"VOID":716},"10.1007\u002Fs41996-019-00042-0","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs41996-019-00042-0",[719,736],{"id":720,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":721,"affiliations":722,"properties":733},"123adca5-977e-43ea-a5c1-34e2ffa9be30",[94],[723],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":724,"properties":20},{"id":725,"createTime":726,"updateTime":727,"relativeEntities":728,"slug":729,"properties":730,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"0396899d-1deb-48e2-b0e3-fa62743045a4","2023-12-21T17:13:37.016+00:00","2025-06-11T16:55:05.007+00:00",[],"Ministry-of-the-Treasury-of-Argentina-Buenos-Aires-Argentina",{"title":731},{"VI":732},"Ministry of the Treasury of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina",{"title":734},{"VI":735},"Laura Jaitman",{"id":737,"sortIndex":62,"researcher":20,"roles":738,"affiliations":739,"properties":745},"b38f3e59-f699-4d0c-aef5-6ad25ab7dd78",[94],[740],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":741,"properties":20},{"id":725,"createTime":726,"updateTime":727,"relativeEntities":742,"slug":729,"properties":743,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":744},{"VI":732},{"title":746},{"VI":747},"Victoria Anauati",{"url":717,"publisher":749,"properties":775},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":750,"slug":10,"properties":751,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":755,"manageAffiliations":756,"indexDatabases":757,"url":59,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":770,"gsStatistic":20,"type":66,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":752,"eissn":753,"title":754},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},[],[],[758,764],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":759,"url":41,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":28,"createTime":29,"updateTime":30,"relativeEntities":760,"label":761,"description":762,"key":37,"publicationTags":763,"standard":20},[],{"EN":33,"VI":33},{"VI":35,"EN":36},[39,40],{"id":43,"indexDatabase":765,"url":56,"indexYears":57,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":58},{"id":45,"createTime":46,"updateTime":47,"relativeEntities":766,"label":767,"description":768,"key":53,"publicationTags":769,"standard":20},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":50,"VI":52},[55],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":771,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":62,"totalPublicationByYear":772,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":773,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":774,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"2018":62},{},{},{"volume":776,"pages":777},{"VOID":668},{"VOID":778},"76-95","2019-08-26",2019,{"id":782,"createTime":783,"updateTime":784,"relativeEntities":785,"slug":786,"properties":787,"entityType":86,"verifyStatus":87,"verifyTime":784,"verifyNote":88,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":62,"primaryUrl":796,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":797,"publicationType":120,"publisherRelationship":828,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":860,"publishYear":428,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":155},"5f1cc641-ade5-4883-8783-c975d9ab2710","2024-02-08T15:48:43.053+00:00","2024-12-12T22:59:37.260+00:00",[],"Examining-the-Association-Between-Veteran-Status-and-Socioeconomic-Status-Among-American-Indian-and-Alaska-Native-Men-in-the-USA",{"references":788,"abstract":790,"title":792,"doi":794},{"VOID":789},"ADA National Network. 2017. 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Br J Sociol. 1963. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F586985.\nBryant R, Wilhite A. Military experiences and training effects on civilian wages. Appl Econ. 1990. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F00036849000000052.\nCastor ML, Smyser MS, Taualii MM, Park AN, Lawson SA, Forquera RA. A nationwide population-based study identifying health disparities between American Indians\u002FAlaska Natives and the general populations living in select urban counties. Am J Public Health. 2006. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2105\u002FAJPH.2004.053942.\nCarroll A. Medicine bags and dog tags. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press; 2008.\nCooney RT, Segal MW, Segal DR, Falk WW. Racial differences in the impact of military service on the socioeconomic status of women veterans. Armed Forces Soc. 2003. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F0095327X0303000103.\nDavis JJ, Roscigno VJ, Wilson G. American Indian poverty in the contemporary United States. Sociol Forum. 2016. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fsocf.12226.\nDeyhle D, Swisher K. Research in American Indian and Alaska Native education: from assimilation to self-determination. Rev Res Educ. 1997. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3102\u002F0091732X022001113.\nDepartment of Veterans Affairs. 2020. American Indian and Alaska Native Veterans: 2017. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.va.gov\u002Fvetdata\u002Fdocs\u002FSpecialReports\u002FAIAN.pdf.\nDepartment of Veterans Affairs. 2022. About GI Bill benefits. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.va.gov\u002Feducation\u002Fabout-gi-bill-benefits\u002F.\nExecutive Office of the President. 2014 Native Youth Report. U.S. White House. 2014. https:\u002F\u002Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Fdocs\u002F20141129nativeyouthreport_final.pdf\nFeagin J. Systemic racism: a theory of oppression. New York: Routledge; 2006.\nGade PA, Lakhani H, Kimmel M. Military service: a good place to start? Mil Psychol. 1991. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1207\u002Fs15327876mp0304_5.\nGoldberg MS, Warner JT. Military experience, civilian experience, and the earnings of veterans. Journal of Human Resources. 1987. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F145867.\nHayes, SKP. The experiment at Fort Marion: Richard Henry Pratt’s recreation of penitential regimes at the Old Fort and its influence on American Indian education. J Florida Stud. 2018: 1–22.\nHirsch, Mark G. Why We Serve: Native Americans in the United States Armed Forces. Smithsonian Books, 2020.\nHoliday LF, Bell G, Klein RE, Wells MR. American Indian and Alaska Native veterans: lasting contributions. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Office of Policy Assistant Secretary for Policy, Planning, and Preparedness; 2006.\nHolm T. Fighting a white man’s war: the extent and legacy of Indian participation in World War II. In: Iverson P, editor. The Plains Indians of the Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press; 1985.\nHolm T. Patriots and pawns: state use of American Indian in the military and the process of nativization in the United States. In: Jaimes A, editor. The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance. Boston: South End Press; 1992. p. 345–70.\nHolm T. Strong hearts wounded souls. Austin: University of Texas Press; 1996.\nHuyser KR, Locklear S, Sheehan C, Moore BL, Butler JS. Consistent honor, persistent disadvantage: American Indian and Alaska Native veteran health in the national survey of veterans. J Aging Health. 2021;33(78):68S-81S.\nHuyser KR, Sakamoto A, Takei I. The persistence of racial disadvantage: the socioeconomic attainments of single-race and multi-race Native Americans. Popul Res Policy Rev. 2010. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11113-009-9159-0.\nHuyser KR, Takei I, Sakamoto A. Demographic factors associated with poverty among American Indian and Alaska Natives. Race Soc Probl. 2014. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs12552-013-9110-1.\nJames K, Wolf W, Lovato C, Byers S. Barriers to workplace advancement experienced by Native Americans. U. S. Department of Labor, Glass Ceiling Commission (BP434093). 1994.\nKeo C, Peterson A, West K. Returns to higher education for American Indian and Alaska Native students. Journal of American Indian Education. 2019. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5749\u002Fjamerindieduc.58.1-2.0007.\nKirin SJ, Winkler JD. The Army military occupational specialty database. Rand arroyo center santa monica ca; 1992 Jan 1. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rand.org\u002Fcontent\u002Fdam\u002Frand\u002Fpubs\u002Fnotes\u002F2009\u002FN3527.pdf\nKleykamp M. A great place to start? The effect of prior military service on hiring. Armed Forces Soc. 2009. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F0095327X07308631.\nKleykamp M. Unemployment, earnings and enrollment among post 9\u002F11 veterans. Soc Sci Res. 2013. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ssresearch.2012.12.017.\nKuokkanen, R. Globalization as racialized, sexualized violence: the case of Indigenous women. Int Fem J Polit. 2008: 216–233.\nLedesma R. Entrance and exit from the military: reflections from American Indian and Alaska Native veterans. J Ethn Cult Divers Soc Work. 2007. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1300\u002FJ051v15n01_02.\nLiebler CA. Ties on the fringes of identity. Soc Sci Res. 2004. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ssresearch.2003.10.002.\nLiebler CA. Homelands and indigenous identities in a multiracial era. Soc Sci Res. 2010. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ssresearch.2010.02.003.\nLiebler CA. Occupational dissimilarity between the American Indian\u002FAlaska Native and the White workforce in the contemporary United States. Am Indian Cult Res J. 2018: 41–70.\nMaury RV, Linsner R, Keville MR, Pritchard A. Native Americans in the military: from service to civilian life. Institute for Veterans and Military Families. 2021. 182.https:\u002F\u002Fsurface.syr.edu\u002Fivmf\u002F182\nMays, K. An Afro-Indigenous history of the United States. Beacon Press, 2021.\nMcKay, D. L., Vinyeta, K., & Norgaard, K. M. (2020). Theorizing race and settler colonialism within U.S. sociology. Sociol Compass, 14(9).\nMeadows WC. Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche military societies. University of Texas Press, 1999\nMeadows WC. “They had a chance to talk to one another … ”: the role of incidence in Native American code talking. Ethnohistory. 2009. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1215\u002F00141801-2008-058.\nMilitary Benefits.info. Military Occupation Specialty (MOS). 2022. https:\u002F\u002Fmilitarybenefits.info\u002Fmilitary-occupational-specialty\u002F.\nMorningStorm JB. The American Indian warrior today: Native Americans in modern US warfare. Sunflower University Press. 2004.\nMoskos CC, Butler JS. All that we can be: Black leadership and racial integration the army way. New York: Basic Books; 1996.\nOster E. Unobservable selection and coefficient stability: theory and evidence. J Bus Econ Stat. 2019: 187–204\nPetersen T. The earnings function in sociological studies of earnings inequality. Res Soc Stratification Mobil. 1989;8:221–50.\nProkos A, Padavic I. Earn all you can earn: income differences between women veterans and non-veterans. Journal of Political and Military Sociology. 2000;28:60–74.\nRosier PC. Serving their country: American Indian politics and patriotism in the twentieth century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 2009.\nRuggles S, Flood S, Foster S, Goeken R, Pacas J, Schouweiler M, Sobek M. IPUMS USA: Version 11.0 . Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2021. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.18128\u002FD010.V11.0\nSampson RJ, Laub JH. Socioeconomic achievement in the life course of disadvantaged men: military service as a turning point, circa 1940–1965. Am Sociol Rev. 1996. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2096353.\nSakamoto A, Wu HH, Tzeng JM. The declining significance of race among American men during the latter half of the twentieth century. Demography. 2000. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F2648095.\nSelvin S. Statistical analysis of epidemiologic data. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996.\nSmithsonian. Native words, Native warriors. Accessed: https:\u002F\u002Famericanindian.si.edu\u002Fnk360\u002Fcode-talkers\u002Fnative-languages\u002F.\nSnipp CM. American Indians: the first of this land. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 1989.\nStanley S. American Indian economic development. De Gruyter Mouton. 1978.\nStataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 17. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC. 2021.\nTeachman JD, Call VRA. The effects of military service on educational, occupational, and income attainment. Soc Sci Res. 1996. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1006\u002Fssre.1996.0001.\nTeachman JD, Tedrow LM. Wages, earnings, and occupational status: did World War II veterans receive a premium? Soc Sci Res. 2004. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ssresearch.2003.09.007.\nTeachman JD, Tedrow LM. Joining up: did military service in the early all volunteer era affect subsequent civilian income? Soc Sci Res. 2007. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ssresearch.2007.03.002.\nTownsend KW. World War II and the American Indian. University of New Mexico Press. 2000.\nTsinnajinnie LR. Examining the indigenous relationship between education and the United States’ military from 2001–2009. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 73: 2013.\nTurner S, Bound J. Closing the gap or widening the divide: the effects of the GI Bill and World War II on the educational outcomes of black Americans. J Econ Hist. 2003;63(1):145–77.\nUrban Indian Health Institute. Community health profile: national aggregate of urban Indian health program service areas. Seattle: Urban Indian Health Institute; 2016.\nU. S. Census Bureau. A compass for understanding and using American community survey data: what general data users need to know. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.\nWalters KL, Beltran R, Huh D, Evans-Campbell T. Dis-placement and dis-ease: land, place, and health among American Indians and Alaska Natives. In Communities, neighborhoods, and health. 2011 (pp. 163–199). Springer. 2011.\nWestmoreland TM, Watson KR. Redeeming hollow promises: the case for mandatory spending on health care for American Indians and Alaska Natives. Am J Public Health. 2006; https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2105\u002FAJPH.2004.053793\nWilkes R. The residential segregation of Native Americans in US metropolitan areas. Sociological Focus. 2003; https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F00380237.2003.10570720\nWolf DA, Wing C, Lopoo LM. Methodological problems in determining the consequences of military service. In Life course perspectives on military service, pp. 278–298. Routledge, 2013.\nWolfe P. Settler colonialism and the elimination of the Native. Journal of Genocide Research. 2006;8(4):387–409.",{"EN":791},"In the USA, military service has been proposed as a social mobility opportunity for individuals from socially marginalized backgrounds, specifically that military training and access to benefits aid their civilian socioeconomic status. We examined the association between demographic characteristics and the education level and income level of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) and non-Hispanic white men between the ages of 22 and 83, and consider veteran status as a moderator of socioeconomic status. We used logistic regression on whether the individual holds a bachelor’s degree and OLS regression on logged total income for our analyses. Our research suggests that single-race AIAN active duty veterans for eras between 1975 and 2001 were associated with higher education than their non-veteran counterparts and those who did not serve in these specific active-duty eras. We also found that overall single-race AIAN active-duty veterans for eras between 1975 and 2001 have higher incomes than those AIAN men who did not. Yet, we found that the gains by AIAN veterans were insufficient to close the income gap between AIAN and white men. The study bolsters the literature that inequality continues to persist for AIAN men despite individual pursuits for socioeconomic advancement. Our findings suggest that future research should investigate mechanisms of social mobility for Indigenous Peoples and more fully understand that social and structural forces that limit individual efforts for socioeconomic advancement.",{"EN":793},"Examining the Association Between Veteran Status and Socioeconomic Status Among American Indian and Alaska Native Men in the USA",{"VOID":795},"10.1007\u002Fs41996-022-00101-z","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs41996-022-00101-z",[798,813],{"id":799,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":800,"affiliations":801,"properties":810},"e269a457-7918-4130-a7c9-e423284a66b2",[94],[802],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":803,"properties":20},{"id":804,"createTime":805,"updateTime":805,"relativeEntities":806,"slug":20,"properties":807,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"821c4c80-4899-421d-9a96-56b66752a09b","2023-12-11T06:01:26.474+00:00",[],{"title":808},{"VI":809},"Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada",{"title":811},{"VI":812},"Kimberly R. Huyser",{"id":814,"sortIndex":62,"researcher":20,"roles":815,"affiliations":816,"properties":825},"4751bc23-5aa5-4237-aecd-aee6906eab97",[94],[817],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":818,"properties":20},{"id":819,"createTime":820,"updateTime":820,"relativeEntities":821,"slug":20,"properties":822,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"e07aa798-6d13-48b8-a6a5-6971913f8732","2024-02-08T15:48:43.073+00:00",[],{"title":823},{"VI":824},"Faculty of Information and Media Sciences, Western University, London, Canada",{"title":826},{"VI":827},"Sofia Locklear",{"url":796,"publisher":829,"properties":855},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":830,"slug":10,"properties":831,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":835,"manageAffiliations":836,"indexDatabases":837,"url":59,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":850,"gsStatistic":20,"type":66,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":832,"eissn":833,"title":834},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},[],[],[838,844],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":839,"url":41,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":28,"createTime":29,"updateTime":30,"relativeEntities":840,"label":841,"description":842,"key":37,"publicationTags":843,"standard":20},[],{"EN":33,"VI":33},{"VI":35,"EN":36},[39,40],{"id":43,"indexDatabase":845,"url":56,"indexYears":57,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":58},{"id":45,"createTime":46,"updateTime":47,"relativeEntities":846,"label":847,"description":848,"key":53,"publicationTags":849,"standard":20},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":50,"VI":52},[55],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":851,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":62,"totalPublicationByYear":852,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":853,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":854,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"2018":62},{},{},{"volume":856,"pages":858},{"VOID":857},"5",{"VOID":859},"167-180","2022-04-29",{"id":862,"createTime":863,"updateTime":864,"relativeEntities":865,"slug":866,"properties":867,"entityType":86,"verifyStatus":87,"verifyTime":864,"verifyNote":88,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":876,"primaryUrl":877,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":878,"publicationType":120,"publisherRelationship":923,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":954,"publishYear":677,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":155},"362a35a7-425f-4201-b381-3956c9d17211","2023-11-25T14:28:00.063+00:00","2025-02-23T22:47:09.564+00:00",[],"Racial-and-Ethnic-Disparities-in-COVID-19-Evidence-from-Six-Large-Cities",{"references":868,"abstract":870,"title":872,"doi":874},{"VOID":869},"Almagro M, Orane-Hutchinson A. 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Med Care. 2020;58(7):586–93.",{"EN":871},"As of June 2020, the coronavirus pandemic has led to more than 2.3 million confirmed infections and 121 thousand fatalities in the USA, with starkly different incidence by race and ethnicity. Our study examines racial and ethnic disparities in confirmed COVID-19 cases across six diverse cities—Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, New York City, San Diego, and St. Louis—at the ZIP code level (covering 436 “neighborhoods” with a population of 17.7 million). Our analysis links these outcomes to six separate data sources to control for demographics; housing; socioeconomic status; occupation; transportation modes; health care access; long-run opportunity, as measured by income mobility and incarceration rates; human mobility; and underlying population health. We find that the proportions of Black and Hispanic residents in a ZIP code are both positively and statistically significantly associated with COVID-19 cases per capita. The magnitudes are sizeable for both Black and Hispanic, but even larger for Hispanic. Although some of these disparities can be explained by differences in long-run opportunity, human mobility, and demographics, most of the disparities remain unexplained even after including an extensive list of covariates related to possible mechanisms. For two cities—Chicago and New York—we also examine COVID-19 fatalities, finding that differences in confirmed COVID-19 cases explain the majority of the observed disparities in fatalities. In other words, the higher death toll of COVID-19 in predominantly Black and Hispanic communities mostly reflects higher case rates, rather than higher fatality rates for confirmed cases.",{"EN":873},"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19: Evidence from Six Large Cities",{"VOID":875},"10.1007\u002Fs41996-020-00068-9",5,"https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs41996-020-00068-9",[879,895,911],{"id":880,"sortIndex":261,"researcher":20,"roles":881,"affiliations":882,"properties":892},"7eb2c3a5-1163-4051-8c35-dd42cd735c3e",[94],[883],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":884,"properties":20},{"id":885,"createTime":886,"updateTime":886,"relativeEntities":887,"slug":888,"properties":889,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"24bd026d-96f7-46e2-8a12-38caa7377179","2023-11-25T14:28:00.089+00:00",[],"Department-of-Economics-Gatton-Business-Economics-Building-University-of-Kentucky-Lexington-USA",{"title":890},{"VI":891},"Department of Economics, Gatton Business & Economics Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA",{"title":893},{"VI":894},"Aaron Yelowitz",{"id":896,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":897,"affiliations":898,"properties":908},"54d23737-bc9e-45e8-85d8-1a8fb380a8b5",[94],[899],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":900,"properties":20},{"id":901,"createTime":902,"updateTime":902,"relativeEntities":903,"slug":904,"properties":905,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"74aba5b2-3fb0-4721-8912-ee0310ce054d","2024-04-11T07:36:45.967+00:00",[],"Department-of-Health-Management-and-Policy-College-of-Public-Health-University-of-Kentucky-Lexington-USA",{"title":906},{"EN":907},"Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA",{"title":909},{"VI":910},"Joseph Benitez",{"id":912,"sortIndex":62,"researcher":20,"roles":913,"affiliations":914,"properties":920},"48fec466-0543-4181-badd-7485f48542a6",[94],[915],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":916,"properties":20},{"id":885,"createTime":886,"updateTime":886,"relativeEntities":917,"slug":888,"properties":918,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":919},{"VI":891},{"title":921},{"VI":922},"Charles Courtemanche",{"url":877,"publisher":924,"properties":950},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":925,"slug":10,"properties":926,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":930,"manageAffiliations":931,"indexDatabases":932,"url":59,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":945,"gsStatistic":20,"type":66,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":927,"eissn":928,"title":929},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},[],[],[933,939],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":934,"url":41,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":28,"createTime":29,"updateTime":30,"relativeEntities":935,"label":936,"description":937,"key":37,"publicationTags":938,"standard":20},[],{"EN":33,"VI":33},{"VI":35,"EN":36},[39,40],{"id":43,"indexDatabase":940,"url":56,"indexYears":57,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":58},{"id":45,"createTime":46,"updateTime":47,"relativeEntities":941,"label":942,"description":943,"key":53,"publicationTags":944,"standard":20},[],{"EN":50,"VI":50},{"EN":50,"VI":52},[55],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":946,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":62,"totalPublicationByYear":947,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":948,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":949,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"2018":62},{},{},{"volume":951,"pages":952},{"VOID":668},{"VOID":953},"243-261","2020-10-24",{"id":956,"createTime":957,"updateTime":958,"relativeEntities":959,"slug":960,"properties":961,"entityType":86,"verifyStatus":87,"verifyTime":958,"verifyNote":88,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":970,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":971,"publicationType":120,"publisherRelationship":1001,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1032,"publishYear":677,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":155},"8de871b7-48f3-4f12-ae16-0491a9288e8a","2024-01-29T06:34:11.715+00:00","2025-02-14T22:30:06.073+00:00",[],"Can-Black-Entrepreneurship-Reduce-Black-White-Inequality-in-the-United-States-",{"references":962,"abstract":964,"title":966,"doi":968},{"VOID":963},"Abrevaya J. 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Albany NY: State University of New York Press; 2012.\nCalvo E, Haverstick K, Sass SA. Gradual retirement, sense of control, and retirees’ happiness. Research on Aging. 2009;31:112–35.\nCameron TA. Combining contingent valuation and travel cost data for the valuation of non-market goods. Land Econ. 1992;68:302–17.\nCharles KK. Is retirement depressing? Labor force inactivity and psychological well-being in later life. Res Labor Econ. 2004;23:269–99.\nChatterji AK, Chay KY, Fairlie RW. The impact of city contracting set-asides on black self-employment and employment. J Labor Econ. 2014;32:507–61.\nCoverdill JE, Lopez CA, Petrie MA. Race, ethnicity and the quality of life in America, 1972–2008. Social Forces. 2011;89:783–805.\nCummings JL. Assessing US racial and gender differences in happiness, 19722016: an intersectional approach. J Happiness Stud. 2019:1–24. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10902019-00103-z.\nDarity WA, Myers SL. Persistent disparities: race and economic inequality in the United States since 1945. London UK: Edward Elgar Publishing; 1998.\nDutta I, Foster J. Inequality of happiness in the US: 19722010. Rev Income Wealth. 2013;59:393–415.\nEasterlin RA. Life cycle welfare: trends and differences. J Happiness Stud. 2001;2:1–12.\nEl Harbi S, Grolleau G. Does self-employment contribute to national happiness? J Socio-Econ. 2012;41:670–6.\nFairlie RW. Does business ownership provide a source of upward mobility for blacks and Hispanics? In: Holtz-Eakin D, Rosen H, editors. Public policy and the economics of entrepreneurship. Cambridge MA: MIT Press; 2004. p. 153–79.\nFrey BS. Happiness and religion. In: Economics of Happiness, Springer Briefs in Economics. Cham CH: Springer; 2018. p. 59–62.\nFrey BS, Stutzer A. What can economists learn from happiness research? J Econ Lit. 2002;40:402–35.\nGielen AC, Van Ours JC. Unhappiness and job finding. Economica. 2014;81:544–65.\nHamilton BH. 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Is the criminal justice system a barrier to entrepreneurship in fragile communities? Forthcoming: Entrepreneurship Research Journal; 2019.\nPrice GN, Darity WA Jr. The economics of race and eugenic sterilization in North Carolina: 1958–1968. Econ Hum Biol. 2010;8:261–72.\nRobb AM, Fairlie RW. Access to financial capital among US businesses: the case of African American firms. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2007;613:47–72.\nSaperstein A, Penner AM. Racial fluidity and inequality in the United States. Am J Sociol. 2012;118:676–727.\nSeva IJ, Vinberg S, Nordenmark M, Strandh M. Subjective well-being among the self-employed in Europe: macroeconomy, gender and immigrant status. Small Bus Econ. 2016;46:239–53.\nSteptoe A. Happiness and health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2019;40:339–59.\nStevenson B, Wolfers J. Happiness inequality in the United States. J Legal Stud. 2008;37:s33 - vspace-.10ins79.\nThomas ME, Hughes M. The continuing significance of race, class, and quality of life in America, 1972–1985. Am Sociol Rev. 1986;51:830–41.\nTonry M. The social, psychological, and political causes of racial disparities in the American criminal justice system. Crime Justice. 2010;39:273–312.\nVeenhoven R. World Database of Happiness. Erasmus University Rotterdam. 2016. The Netherlands (worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl\u002Fhap cor fp.htm).\nVelez MB, Krivo LJ, Peterson RD. Structural inequality and homicide: an assessment of the black-white gap in killings. Criminology. 2003;41:645–72.\nWallace RL. Black wealth through black entrepreneurship. Baton Rouge LA: Duncan and Duncan; 1997.\nWilliams R. Understanding and interpreting generalized ordered logit models. J Math Sociol. 2016;40:7–20.\nYang Y. Social inequalities in happiness in the United States, 1972 to 2004: an age-period-cohort analysis. Am Sociol Rev. 2008;73:204–26.",{"EN":965},"This paper considers whether Black entrepreneurship in the USA matters for Black-White inequality in well-being as measured by individual happiness. We utilize data from the 2018 General Social Survey on respondent self-reported levels of happiness to estimate fixed group effect logit specifications of self-reported happiness levels as a function of individual characteristics, including being a Black American, and a measure of entrepreneurship—self-employment. Parameter estimates reveal that accounting for self-employment entirely eliminates Black-White happiness inequality. Our results suggest that increasing Black entrepreneurship can reduce Black-White inequality in well-being as measured by happiness.",{"EN":967},"Can Black Entrepreneurship Reduce Black-White Inequality in the United States?",{"VOID":969},"10.1007\u002Fs41996-020-00065-y","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs41996-020-00065-y",[972,987],{"id":973,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":974,"affiliations":975,"properties":984},"a803e180-4439-4325-a1c4-6bd0c303f456",[94],[976],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":977,"properties":20},{"id":978,"createTime":979,"updateTime":979,"relativeEntities":980,"slug":20,"properties":981,"entityType":104,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"b2336e6b-9191-42a5-814f-d62870dcc583","2024-01-29T06:34:11.732+00:00",[],{"title":982},{"VI":983},"School of Business, Hampton University, Hampton, USA",{"title":985},{"VI":986},"Susanne L. 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