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In this essay, we evaluate the case for competition in news markets from the perspective of economics. 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Các tác giả ghi nhận phản ứng của GDP và các thành phần của nó đối với các cú sốc chính sách tiền tệ và mô tả cách mà kênh tín dụng giúp giải thích những thực tế này. Họ thảo luận hai thành phần chính của cơ chế này, đó là bảng cân đối kế toán và kênh cho vay ngân hàng. Các tác giả lập luận rằng các bài dự đoán sử dụng tổng tín dụng không phải là những thử nghiệm hợp lệ cho lý thuyết này.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":568,"VI":569},"Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission","Bên Trong Hộp Đen: Kênh Tín Dụng của Truyền Tải Chính Sách Tiền Tệ",{"VI":571},"",{"VOID":573},"10.1257\u002Fjep.9.4.27","2025-02-01T20:24:23.307+00:00",[112],[577],"VI","https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.aeaweb.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1257\u002Fjep.9.4.27",[580,597],{"id":581,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":582,"affiliations":583,"properties":592,"displayName":594,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"f84fb9c7-5df2-4590-b256-33c22617ef13",[],[584],{"id":585,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":586,"properties":24},"696e6ead-af8a-4570-aa54-ce6ad52f5108",{"id":585,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":587,"slug":24,"properties":588,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":591,"statistic":24},[],{"title":589},{"EN":590},"Class of 1926 Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.",[],{"title":593,"openalex":595},{"EN":594},"Ben Bernanke",{"VOID":596},"A5054650430",{"id":598,"sortIndex":129,"researcher":24,"roles":599,"affiliations":600,"properties":609,"displayName":611,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"2c9647a7-be27-497f-b178-e4c739bd0200",[],[601],{"id":602,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":603,"properties":24},"3ae2477c-bf4e-46b7-91fd-5b22b33fb7c4",{"id":602,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":604,"slug":24,"properties":605,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":608,"statistic":24},[],{"title":606},{"EN":607},"Professor of Economics, New York University, New York, New York.",[],{"title":610,"openalex":612},{"EN":611},"Mark Gertler",{"VOID":613},"A5003301823",{"url":24,"publisher":615,"properties":653},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":616,"slug":10,"properties":617,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":622,"manageAffiliations":627,"indexDatabases":638,"url":83,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":618,"eissn":619,"issn":620,"title":621},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[623],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":624,"label":625,"description":626,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},[628,633],{"id":35,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":629,"slug":24,"properties":630,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":632,"statistic":24},[],{"title":631},{"EN":39},[],{"id":42,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":634,"slug":24,"properties":635,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":637,"statistic":24},[],{"title":636},{"EN":46},[],[639,646],{"id":50,"indexDatabase":640,"url":63,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":645,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":52,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":641,"label":642,"description":643,"key":59,"publicationTags":644,"standard":24},[],{"EN":55,"VI":55},{"EN":57,"VI":58},[61,62],[65],{"id":67,"indexDatabase":647,"url":78,"indexYears":79,"academicFieldIds":652,"indexDatabaseRanking":82},{"id":69,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":648,"label":649,"description":650,"key":75,"publicationTags":651,"standard":24},[],{"EN":72,"VI":72},{"EN":72,"VI":74},[77],[81],{"issue":654,"pages":656,"volume":658},{"VOID":655},"4",{"VOID":657},"27-48",{"VOID":659},"9",3889,{"total":660,"publishYear":662,"statisticByYear":663},1995,{"2012":664,"2013":665,"2014":666,"2015":667,"2016":668,"2017":669,"2018":670,"2019":671,"2020":672,"2021":673,"2022":674,"2023":675,"2024":672},180,184,187,158,159,148,171,163,179,168,157,202,"1995-11-01",[61],[679,682,685,688,691,694,697,700,703,706,709,712,715,718,721,724,727,730,733,736,739],{"id":24,"text":680,"url":24,"identifiers":681},"Bernanke Ben, 1993, Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank ofNew York, 18, 50",{},{"id":24,"text":683,"url":24,"identifiers":684},"10.1016\u002F0167-2231(93)90002-E",{"doi":683},{"id":24,"text":686,"url":24,"identifiers":687},"Bernanke Ben, 1988, American Economic Review, 78, 435",{},{"id":24,"text":689,"url":24,"identifiers":690},"Bernanke Ben, 1992, American Economic Review, 82, 901",{},{"id":24,"text":692,"url":24,"identifiers":693},"Bernanke Ben, 1989, AmericanEconomic Review, 79, 14",{},{"id":24,"text":695,"url":24,"identifiers":696},"10.1257\u002Fjep.5.1.73",{"doi":695},{"id":24,"text":698,"url":24,"identifiers":699},"Borio C. 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Economists across many fields, including urban economics, public finance, political economy, and economic geography, have long employed maps, yet have largely abstracted away from exploring the economic determinants and consequences of maps as a subject of independent study. In this essay, we first review and unify recent literature in a variety of different fields that highlights the economic and social consequences of maps, along with an overview of the modern geospatial industry. We then outline our economic framework in which a given map is the result of economic choices around map data and designs, resulting in variations in private and social returns to mapmaking. We highlight five important economic and institutional factors shaping mapmakers’ data and design choices. 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Wright, Gavin. 1990. \"The Origins of American Industrial Success, 1879-1940.\" American Economic Review",{},{"id":1022,"createTime":1023,"updateTime":1023,"relativeEntities":1024,"slug":1025,"properties":1026,"entityType":107,"verifyStatus":108,"verifyTime":1037,"verifyNote":110,"languages":1038,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1039,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1040,"publicationType":141,"publisherRelationship":1058,"citationCount":1103,"citationInfo":1104,"publishDate":1117,"publishYear":1105,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1118,"openAccess":24,"references":1119,"isForceReanalyzing":319},"a79b09d0-1c4b-4208-8231-fdd4061f0fa5","2025-01-29T11:56:54.142+00:00",[],"Cheating-Ourselves-The-Economics-of-Tax-Evasion",{"openalex":1027,"mag":1029,"abstract":1031,"title":1033,"doi":1035},{"VOID":1028},"W2143201948",{"VOID":1030},"2143201948",{"EN":1032},"\u003Cjats:p>No government can announce a tax system and then rely on taxpayers' sense of duty to remit what is owed. Some dutiful people will undoubtedly pay what they owe, but many others will not. Over time the ranks of the dutiful will shrink, as they see how they are being taken advantage of by the others. Thus, paying taxes must be made a legal responsibility of citizens, with penalties attendant on noncompliance. But even in the face of those penalties, substantial tax evasion exists. Tax evasion is widespread, always has been, and probably always will be. This essay reviews what is known about the magnitude, nature, and determinants of tax evasion, with an emphasis on the U.S. income tax. 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McCracken Collegiate Professor of Business Economics and Public Policy, Professor of Economics, and Director of the Office of Tax Policy Research at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.",[],{"title":1054,"openalex":1056},{"EN":1055},"Joel Slemrod",{"VOID":1057},"A5038074143",{"url":24,"publisher":1059,"properties":1097},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1060,"slug":10,"properties":1061,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1066,"manageAffiliations":1071,"indexDatabases":1082,"url":83,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1062,"eissn":1063,"issn":1064,"title":1065},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1067],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1068,"label":1069,"description":1070,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},[1072,1077],{"id":35,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1073,"slug":24,"properties":1074,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1076,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1075},{"EN":39},[],{"id":42,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1078,"slug":24,"properties":1079,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1081,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1080},{"EN":46},[],[1083,1090],{"id":50,"indexDatabase":1084,"url":63,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1089,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":52,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1085,"label":1086,"description":1087,"key":59,"publicationTags":1088,"standard":24},[],{"EN":55,"VI":55},{"EN":57,"VI":58},[61,62],[65],{"id":67,"indexDatabase":1091,"url":78,"indexYears":79,"academicFieldIds":1096,"indexDatabaseRanking":82},{"id":69,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1092,"label":1093,"description":1094,"key":75,"publicationTags":1095,"standard":24},[],{"EN":72,"VI":72},{"EN":72,"VI":74},[77],[81],{"issue":1098,"pages":1099,"volume":1101},{"VOID":183},{"VOID":1100},"25-48",{"VOID":1102},"21",1112,{"total":1103,"publishYear":1105,"statisticByYear":1106},2007,{"2012":1107,"2013":1108,"2014":1109,"2015":1110,"2016":1107,"2017":1111,"2018":1112,"2019":1113,"2020":1108,"2021":1114,"2022":1115,"2023":1116,"2024":1112},67,78,90,88,61,70,74,57,66,72,"2007-01-01",[61,82],[1120,1123,1126,1129,1132,1135,1138,1141,1144,1147,1150,1153,1156,1159,1162,1165,1168,1171,1174,1177,1180,1183,1186,1189,1192,1195,1198,1201,1204,1206,1209,1212,1215,1218,1221,1224,1227,1230,1234,1237,1240,1243,1246,1249,1252,1256,1259,1262,1265,1268,1271],{"id":24,"text":1121,"url":24,"identifiers":1122},"10.2307\u002F2109932",{"doi":1121},{"id":24,"text":1124,"url":24,"identifiers":1125},"10.1016\u002F0047-2727(72)90010-2",{"doi":1124},{"id":24,"text":1127,"url":24,"identifiers":1128},"Alm James, 1999, W. 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Feldstein., 3, 1423",{},{"id":24,"text":1253,"url":24,"identifiers":1254},"Spicer Michael W, 1980, National Tax Journal, 33, 171, 10.1086\u002FNTJ41862299",{"doi":1255},"10.1086\u002FNTJ41862299",{"id":24,"text":1257,"url":24,"identifiers":1258},"Tanzi Vito, 1980, Banco Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, 135, 427",{},{"id":24,"text":1260,"url":24,"identifiers":1261},"Tanzi Vito, 1983, Annual Estimates, 1930",{},{"id":24,"text":1263,"url":24,"identifiers":1264},"10.1111\u002F1468-0297.00437",{"doi":1263},{"id":24,"text":1266,"url":24,"identifiers":1267},"10.1023\u002FA:1023643622283",{"doi":1266},{"id":24,"text":1269,"url":24,"identifiers":1270},"10.1007\u002Fs10101-004-0077-7",{"doi":1269},{"id":24,"text":1272,"url":24,"identifiers":1273},"10.1016\u002F0047-2727(74)90037-1",{"doi":1272},{"id":1275,"createTime":1276,"updateTime":1276,"relativeEntities":1277,"slug":1278,"properties":1279,"entityType":107,"verifyStatus":108,"verifyTime":1276,"verifyNote":110,"languages":1288,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1289,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1290,"publicationType":141,"publisherRelationship":1325,"citationCount":1370,"citationInfo":1371,"publishDate":1380,"publishYear":1372,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1381,"openAccess":24,"references":1382,"isForceReanalyzing":319},"330511fe-9d64-48ef-a2ed-aa75c9c9b781","2025-01-29T11:56:53.332+00:00",[],"Tax-Morale",{"openalex":1280,"abstract":1282,"title":1284,"doi":1286},{"VOID":1281},"W4237329471",{"EN":1283},"\u003Cjats:p> There is an apparent disconnect between much of the academic literature on tax compliance and the administration of tax policy. In the benchmark economic model, the key policy parameters affecting tax evasion are the tax rate, the detection probability, and the penalty imposed conditional on the evasion being detected. Meanwhile, tax administrators also tend to place a great deal of emphasis on the importance of improving “tax morale,” by which they generally mean increasing voluntary compliance with tax laws and creating a social norm of compliance. We will define tax morale broadly to include nonpecuniary motivations for tax compliance as well as factors that fall outside the standard, expected utility framework. Tax morale does indeed appear to be an important component of compliance decisions. We demonstrate that tax morale operates through a variety of underlying mechanisms, drawing on evidence from laboratory studies, natural experiments, and an emerging literature employing randomized field experiments. We consider the implications for tax policy and attempt to understand why recent interventions designed to improve morale, and thereby compliance, have had mixed results to date. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1285},"Tax Morale",{"VOID":1287},"10.1257\u002Fjep.28.4.149",[112],"https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.aeaweb.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1257\u002Fjep.28.4.149",[1291,1308],{"id":1292,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1293,"affiliations":1294,"properties":1303,"displayName":1305,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"60ad42a9-e16a-40e2-8dd6-f2748df58b5f",[],[1295],{"id":1296,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1297,"properties":24},"66551ffd-14c2-4919-87dd-30558da19bc8",{"id":1296,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1298,"slug":24,"properties":1299,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1302,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1300},{"EN":1301},"Erzo F. P. Luttmer is Professor of Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.",[],{"title":1304,"openalex":1306},{"EN":1305},"Erzo F.P. 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In this paper we note that the institutional context (and therefore the structure of incentives and organization) in developing and transition economies is quite different from those in advanced industrial economies, and this necessitates the literature on decentralization in the context of development to go beyond the traditional fiscal federalism literature. We review some of the existing theoretical work and empirical case studies of decentralization from the point of view of delivery of public services and of conditions for local business development, and point to ways of going forward in research. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1459},"Decentralization of Governance and Development",{"VOID":1461},"10.1257\u002F089533002320951037",[112],"https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.aeaweb.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1257\u002F089533002320951037",[1465],{"id":1466,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1467,"affiliations":1468,"properties":1477,"displayName":1481,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"5101e0ad-e7d5-41b1-a4d5-f63858c34b0a",[],[1469],{"id":1470,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1471,"properties":24},"3336ecee-ed07-42d0-afec-4e97f3a00886",{"id":1470,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1472,"slug":24,"properties":1473,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1476,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1474},{"EN":1475},"Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, California.",[],{"orcid":1478,"title":1480,"openalex":1482},{"VOID":1479},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-2378-9281",{"EN":1481},"Pranab Bardhan",{"VOID":1483},"A5034803169",{"url":24,"publisher":1485,"properties":1523},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1486,"slug":10,"properties":1487,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1492,"manageAffiliations":1497,"indexDatabases":1508,"url":83,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1488,"eissn":1489,"issn":1490,"title":1491},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1493],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1494,"label":1495,"description":1496,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},[1498,1503],{"id":35,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1499,"slug":24,"properties":1500,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1502,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1501},{"EN":39},[],{"id":42,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1504,"slug":24,"properties":1505,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1507,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1506},{"EN":46},[],[1509,1516],{"id":50,"indexDatabase":1510,"url":63,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1515,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":52,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1511,"label":1512,"description":1513,"key":59,"publicationTags":1514,"standard":24},[],{"EN":55,"VI":55},{"EN":57,"VI":58},[61,62],[65],{"id":67,"indexDatabase":1517,"url":78,"indexYears":79,"academicFieldIds":1522,"indexDatabaseRanking":82},{"id":69,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1518,"label":1519,"description":1520,"key":75,"publicationTags":1521,"standard":24},[],{"EN":72,"VI":72},{"EN":72,"VI":74},[77],[81],{"issue":1524,"pages":1525,"volume":1527},{"VOID":655},{"VOID":1526},"185-205",{"VOID":1528},"16",1727,{"total":1529,"publishYear":1531,"statisticByYear":1532},2002,{"2012":1533,"2013":1534,"2014":1535,"2015":1536,"2016":1537,"2017":1535,"2018":1538,"2019":1536,"2020":1539,"2021":1535,"2022":1540,"2023":1541,"2024":1542},99,106,97,92,105,96,115,118,86,59,"2002-11-01",[61,82],[1546,1549,1552,1555,1558,1561,1564,1567,1570,1573,1576,1579,1582,1585],{"id":24,"text":1547,"url":24,"identifiers":1548},"10.1257\u002Faer.90.2.135",{"doi":1547},{"id":24,"text":1550,"url":24,"identifiers":1551},"Besley Timothy, 1995, American Economic Review., 85, 25",{},{"id":24,"text":1553,"url":24,"identifiers":1554},"Bird Richard M, 1995, Decentralizing Infrastructure: Advantages and Limitations. Antonio Estache, ed. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Discussion Papers, 290, 22",{},{"id":24,"text":1556,"url":24,"identifiers":1557},"Das M. K., 2000, Economic and Political Weekly, 2, 35",{},{"id":24,"text":1559,"url":24,"identifiers":1560},"10.1093\u002Fwber\u002F9.2.175",{"doi":1559},{"id":24,"text":1562,"url":24,"identifiers":1563},"Qian Yingyi, 1998, American Economic Review., 88, 1143",{},{"id":24,"text":1565,"url":24,"identifiers":1566},"10.1257\u002Fjep.11.4.83",{"doi":1565},{"id":24,"text":1568,"url":24,"identifiers":1569},"10.2307\u002F1073767",{"doi":1568},{"id":24,"text":1571,"url":24,"identifiers":1572},"10.1177\u002F0032329298026004003",{"doi":1571},{"id":24,"text":1574,"url":24,"identifiers":1575},"10.1016\u002F0014-2921(95)00055-0",{"doi":1574},{"id":24,"text":1577,"url":24,"identifiers":1578},"10.1086\u002F257839",{"doi":1577},{"id":24,"text":1580,"url":24,"identifiers":1581},"10.2307\u002F2991803",{"doi":1580},{"id":24,"text":1583,"url":24,"identifiers":1584},"Wade Robert, 1997, Infrastructure Strategies in East Asia. A. Mody, ed. Washington, D.C.: EDI, World Bank, 109",{},{"id":24,"text":1586,"url":24,"identifiers":1587},"10.1016\u002FS0047-2727(99)00090-0",{"doi":1586},{"id":1589,"createTime":1590,"updateTime":1590,"relativeEntities":1591,"slug":1592,"properties":1593,"entityType":107,"verifyStatus":108,"verifyTime":1590,"verifyNote":110,"languages":1604,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1605,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1606,"publicationType":141,"publisherRelationship":1624,"citationCount":1669,"citationInfo":1670,"publishDate":1678,"publishYear":1671,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1679,"openAccess":24,"references":1680,"isForceReanalyzing":319},"ff1bfdb9-2010-4d90-90f7-05344cb60f8f","2025-01-25T03:13:22.548+00:00",[],"What-Can-We-Learn-from-the-Grand-Policy-Experiment-Lessons-from-SO2-Allowance-Trading",{"openalex":1594,"mag":1596,"abstract":1598,"title":1600,"doi":1602},{"VOID":1595},"W2156289036",{"VOID":1597},"2156289036",{"EN":1599},"\u003Cjats:p> The most ambitious application ever attempted of a market-based approach to environmental protection has been for the control of acid rain under the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990, which established a sulfur dioxide allowance trading program. This essay identifies lessons that can be learned from this grand experiment in economically oriented environmental policy. The author examines positive political economy lessons, asking why this system was adopted from acid-rain control in 1990, and he considers normative lessons that can be learned from the program's structure and performance, focusing on lessons for the design and implementation of future systems. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1601},"What Can We Learn from the Grand Policy Experiment? Lessons from SO2 Allowance Trading",{"VOID":1603},"10.1257\u002Fjep.12.3.69",[112],"https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.aeaweb.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1257\u002Fjep.12.3.69",[1607],{"id":1608,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1609,"affiliations":1610,"properties":1619,"displayName":1621,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"28f5b5e1-38e9-45e5-bc5b-11b19c906c29",[],[1611],{"id":1612,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1613,"properties":24},"e7cad650-10a1-4ea5-ba5e-152ba2edef7b",{"id":1612,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1614,"slug":24,"properties":1615,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1618,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1616},{"EN":1617},"Professor of Public Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; University Fellow, Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C.",[],{"title":1620,"openalex":1622},{"EN":1621},"Robert N. 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Sociologists have developed core principles about the interactions of social structure, information, ability to punish or reward, and trust that frequently recur in their analyses of political, economic and other institutions. The author begins by reviewing some of these principles. Building on these, he then discusses how social structures and social networks can affect economic outcomes like hiring, price, productivity and innovation. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:p> Tác giả tập trung vào những đóng góp của các nhà xã hội học đối với tác động của cấu trúc xã hội và mạng lưới đến nền kinh tế. Các nhà xã hội học đã phát triển các nguyên tắc cốt lõi về sự tương tác giữa cấu trúc xã hội, thông tin, khả năng trừng phạt hoặc thưởng, và sự tin tưởng, thường xuyên xuất hiện trong các phân tích của họ về các thể chế chính trị, kinh tế và những lĩnh vực khác. Tác giả bắt đầu bằng việc xem xét một số nguyên tắc này. Dựa trên những nguyên tắc đó, ông sau đó thảo luận về cách mà cấu trúc xã hội và mạng lưới xã hội có thể ảnh hưởng đến các kết quả kinh tế như tuyển dụng, giá cả, năng suất và đổi mới sáng tạo. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1792,"VI":1793},"The Impact of Social Structure on Economic Outcomes","Tác Động Của Cấu Trúc Xã Hội Đến Kết Quả Kinh 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