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This study examines the reasons young polydrug users misuse prescription drugs, and explores how young users employ risk reduction strategies to minimize adverse consequences. The sample was recruited during 2008 and 2009 in Los Angeles and New York, and comprised 45 nonmedical users of prescription drugs, aged 16 to 25. Data from a semistructured interview were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Participants reported nonmedical use of prescription drugs to change mood, to facilitate activity, and to monitor the intake of other substances. Commonly employed risk reduction strategies included calculating pill timing, dosage, and access, and monitoring frequency of use, particularly when combining different substances. Most study participants often planned drug use to occur within socially acceptable parameters, such that prescription drug misuse was a normalized feature of their everyday lives. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":135},"Perceived Drug Use Functions and Risk Reduction Practices Among High-Risk Nonmedical Users of Prescription Drugs",{"VOID":137},"25477621",{"VOID":139},"10.1177\u002F0022042613491099","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","Auto Verify",[144],"EN","http:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1177\u002F0022042613491099",[147,169,192],{"id":148,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":149,"affiliations":150,"properties":162},"e1eb255a-2ba9-40aa-9455-60b299e9aaf7",[],[151],{"id":152,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":153,"properties":24},"d32458c1-98e5-4edf-b928-60d46f4a7b8d",{"id":154,"createTime":155,"updateTime":156,"relativeEntities":157,"slug":158,"properties":159,"entityType":69,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"22ff0b01-4f47-43e2-80e9-db531c2d2009","2023-12-29T12:43:08.798+00:00","2025-02-02T23:23:28.920+00:00",[],"Temple-University-Philadelphia-PA-USA",{"title":160},{"VI":161},"Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA",{"openalex":163,"orcid":165,"title":167},{"VOID":164},"A5064623968",{"VOID":166},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9223-2084",{"EN":168},"Karol Silva",{"id":170,"sortIndex":171,"researcher":24,"roles":172,"affiliations":173,"properties":185},"5dd3d5a3-1320-4f82-916f-609bbdb4b81b",1,[],[174],{"id":175,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":176,"properties":24},"f30521a0-63aa-477e-98d5-cbd13c34ff76",{"id":177,"createTime":178,"updateTime":179,"relativeEntities":180,"slug":181,"properties":182,"entityType":69,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"936d7419-b22c-4bae-8745-ea9ede325496","2023-12-01T16:51:55.963+00:00","2024-11-26T08:13:08.616+00:00",[],"Drexel-University-Philadelphia-PA-USA",{"title":183},{"VI":184},"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA",{"openalex":186,"orcid":188,"title":190},{"VOID":187},"A5074403581",{"VOID":189},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-4331-9161",{"EN":191},"Aleksandar Kecojevic",{"id":193,"sortIndex":194,"researcher":24,"roles":195,"affiliations":196,"properties":203},"bd579e44-4a97-4341-98d4-a7ae62d33583",2,[],[197],{"id":198,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":199,"properties":24},"17e95c42-a426-4781-ac6d-c0c045e9ddad",{"id":177,"createTime":178,"updateTime":179,"relativeEntities":200,"slug":181,"properties":201,"entityType":69,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},[],{"title":202},{"VI":184},{"openalex":204,"orcid":206,"title":208},{"VOID":205},"A5006685879",{"VOID":207},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-6928-0085",{"EN":209},"Stephen E. 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This article attempts to address this gap in knowledge by providing an analysis of several socio-cultural factors influencing pharmaceutical misuse by college students. Prescription drugs are put to a number of different purposes in the collegiate setting, including self-medication, socio-recreation, and academic functioning. Such misuse is acceptable in a social context where individuals deliberately attempt to experiment with drugs. Widespread knowledge regarding effects, dosages, and compatibilities with other drugs, coupled with the extensive availability of pharmaceuticals in collegiate social circles, makes this class of drugs an attractive alternative to other psychoactive substances. These factors underscore several implications for substance abuse prevention efforts on college campuses and suggest a number of important issues for further research. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":380},"An Exploratory Study of Socio-Cultural Factors Contributing to Prescription Drug Misuse among College Students",{"VOID":342},"Author affiliation is blank",[144],"http:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1177\u002F002204260603600407",[386,397,408],{"id":387,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":388,"affiliations":389,"properties":390},"7807b052-ccbe-4da7-a857-4ddad39327a5",[],[],{"openalex":391,"orcid":393,"title":395},{"VOID":392},"A5046834213",{"VOID":394},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9507-7841",{"EN":396},"Gilbert Quintero",{"id":398,"sortIndex":194,"researcher":24,"roles":399,"affiliations":400,"properties":401},"6889d57d-af5e-4caf-8b70-f83ed8c75e9b",[],[],{"openalex":402,"orcid":404,"title":406},{"VOID":403},"A5068393606",{"VOID":405},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-6524-2348",{"EN":407},"Bonnie N. 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College students and adults ages 19–40",{},{"id":24,"text":520,"url":24,"identifiers":521},"Johnston L.D., 2003, Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2002: Vol. 2. College students and adults ages 19–40",{},{"id":24,"text":523,"url":24,"identifiers":524},"10.2307\u002F202846",{"doi":523},{"id":24,"text":526,"url":24,"identifiers":527},"Kett J.F., 1977, Rites of passage: Adolescence in America 1790 to the present",{},{"id":24,"text":529,"url":24,"identifiers":530},"Lincoln Y.S., 1985, Naturalistic inquiry, 10.1016\u002F0147-1767(85)90062-8",{"doi":531},"10.1016\u002F0147-1767(85)90062-8",{"id":24,"text":533,"url":24,"identifiers":534},"10.1016\u002Fj.addbeh.2004.08.024",{"doi":533},{"id":24,"text":536,"url":24,"identifiers":537},"MacAndrew C., 1969, Drunken comportment: A social explanation",{},{"id":24,"text":539,"url":24,"identifiers":540},"Maguire M., 2001, Discourse, 22, 197",{},{"id":24,"text":542,"url":24,"identifiers":543},"Mewhinney D.M., 1995, The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 4, 273",{},{"id":24,"text":545,"url":24,"identifiers":546},"Miles M.B., 1994, Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook, 2",{},{"id":24,"text":548,"url":24,"identifiers":549},"10.1016\u002F0277-9536(88)90310-3",{"doi":548},{"id":24,"text":551,"url":24,"identifiers":552},"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 2000, Epidemiological trends in drug abuse",{},{"id":24,"text":554,"url":24,"identifiers":555},"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 2001, Prescription drugs: Abuse and addiction",{},{"id":24,"text":557,"url":24,"identifiers":558},"10.1097\u002F00007435-199609000-00002",{"doi":557},{"id":24,"text":560,"url":24,"identifiers":561},"10.1176\u002Fappi.ajp.160.6.1071",{"doi":560},{"id":24,"text":563,"url":24,"identifiers":564},"10.15288\u002Fjsas.2002.s14.23",{"doi":563},{"id":24,"text":566,"url":24,"identifiers":567},"Parker H., 1998, Illegal leisure: The normalization of adolescent recreational drug use",{},{"id":24,"text":569,"url":24,"identifiers":570},"10.15288\u002Fjsas.2002.s14.91",{"doi":569},{"id":24,"text":572,"url":24,"identifiers":573},"10.1080\u002F07448481.1994.9939094",{"doi":572},{"id":24,"text":575,"url":24,"identifiers":576},"Presley C.A., 1996, Alcohol and drugs on American college campuses",{},{"id":24,"text":578,"url":24,"identifiers":579},"Qualitative Solutions in Research (QSR), 2002, Nvivo",{},{"id":24,"text":581,"url":24,"identifiers":582},"Robinson S.E., 1993, Journal of College Student Development, 34, 130",{},{"id":24,"text":584,"url":24,"identifiers":585},"10.1177\u002F000992289903800402",{"doi":584},{"id":24,"text":587,"url":24,"identifiers":588},"Sassatelli R., 2001, Ordinary consumption, 93",{},{"id":24,"text":590,"url":24,"identifiers":591},"Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), 2000, SPSS Base 11.5",{},{"id":24,"text":593,"url":24,"identifiers":594},"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2003, Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings",{},{"id":24,"text":596,"url":24,"identifiers":597},"10.1016\u002Fj.jadohealth.2005.02.013",{"doi":596},{"id":24,"text":599,"url":24,"identifiers":600},"Warner H.S., 1953, Drinking in college, 45",{},{"id":24,"text":602,"url":24,"identifiers":603},"Weiner A.L., 2000, Connecticut Medicine, 64, 19",{},{"id":24,"text":605,"url":24,"identifiers":606},"10.4135\u002F9781412986069",{"doi":605},{"id":24,"text":608,"url":24,"identifiers":609},"10.1111\u002Fj.1748-720X.1994.tb01295.x",{"doi":608},{"id":611,"createTime":612,"updateTime":612,"relativeEntities":613,"slug":614,"properties":615,"entityType":140,"verifyStatus":141,"verifyTime":612,"verifyNote":142,"syncStatus":23,"languages":627,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":628,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":629,"publicationType":210,"publisherRelationship":689,"citationCount":722,"citationInfo":723,"publishDate":727,"publishYear":728,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":729,"isForceReanalyzing":365},"55ef3530-ca06-43e1-bd4c-948b3e5e219d","2025-02-01T15:51:07.225+00:00",[],"Do-Drug-Courts-Work-Getting-inside-the-Drug-Court-Black-Box",{"mag":616,"keywords":618,"openalex":619,"abstract":621,"title":623,"doi":625},{"VOID":617},"2017298525",{},{"VOID":620},"W2017298525",{"EN":622},"\u003Cjats:p> This article argues that evaluation of drug courts will benefit not only from an organizing typology (Goldkamp, 1999a, 2000) that focuses research on the critical structural elements of the drug court model but also from an understanding of how drug courts are thought to deliver their impact. In developing a causal model of drug court impact, the analysis separates assessment of impact into two investigations: whether drug courts “work” and how they work. Data from the ongoing NIJ-supported evaluation of the Portland and Las Vegas drug courts are analyzed to answer the comparative question of whether there is an impact (and of what sort) and then to move consideration of the internal elements of the drug court (the black box of drug court treatment) through the development of successive theoretical models. The illustrative analyses guided by these models consider the relative contributions of instrumental drug court treatment functions and defendant risk attributes, which contribute importantly to drug court outcomes. The exploratory findings differ by site, but show some support for the importance of treatment, sanctions and appearances before the drug court judge—and their interaction—in lowering the prospects for subsequent rearrest and increasing likelihood of graduation. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":624},"Do Drug Courts Work? 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S., 1994, Justice and Treatment Innovation: The Drug Court Movement: A Working Paper of the First National Drug Court Conference",{},{"id":24,"text":749,"url":24,"identifiers":750},"10.1177\u002F0032855594074002002",{"doi":749},{"id":24,"text":752,"url":24,"identifiers":753},"Goldkamp J. S. 1995 Overall Evaluation Issues for Drug Courts. Presented at the Special Conference on Drug Court Evaluation, National Institute of Justice, March 1995.",{},{"id":24,"text":755,"url":24,"identifiers":756},"10.4135\u002F9781452231976.n7",{"doi":755},{"id":24,"text":758,"url":24,"identifiers":759},"10.4135\u002F9781452231976.n2",{"doi":758},{"id":24,"text":761,"url":24,"identifiers":762},"Goldkamp J. S., 2000, Albany Law Review, 63, 923",{},{"id":24,"text":764,"url":24,"identifiers":765},"Goldkamp J. S., 1993, Assessing the impact of Dade County's felony drug court. Final report",{},{"id":24,"text":767,"url":24,"identifiers":768},"Goldkamp J. S., 2000, Retrospective evaluation of two pioneering drug courts: Phase I findings from Clark County, Nevada, and Multnomah County, Oregon: An interim report of the National Evaluation of Drug Courts",{},{"id":24,"text":770,"url":24,"identifiers":771},"Goldkamp J. S., White M. D., Robinson J. B. 2000b Context and Change: The Evolution of Pioneering Drug Courts in Portland and Las Vegas (1991–1998). Submitted to the Journal of Law and Public Policy..",{"doi":772},"10.1111\u002F1467-9930.00108",{"id":24,"text":774,"url":24,"identifiers":775},"Hora P., 1999, Notre Dame Law Review, 74, 439",{},{"id":24,"text":777,"url":24,"identifiers":778},"National Association of Drug Court Professionals, 1995, Defining Drug Courts: The Key Components",{},{"id":780,"createTime":781,"updateTime":781,"relativeEntities":782,"slug":783,"properties":784,"entityType":140,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":781,"verifyNote":382,"syncStatus":23,"languages":796,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":797,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":798,"publicationType":210,"publisherRelationship":819,"citationCount":851,"citationInfo":852,"publishDate":854,"publishYear":855,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":856,"isForceReanalyzing":365},"a57acf96-35e4-4f1f-9127-ccd5c593815d","2024-12-06T12:11:00.914+00:00",[],"Community-Attitudes-to-Cannabis-Use-in-Western-Australia",{"mag":785,"keywords":787,"openalex":788,"abstract":790,"title":792,"doi":794},{"VOID":786},"2338225447",{},{"VOID":789},"W2338225447",{"EN":791},"\u003Cjats:p> This paper presents results of a telephone survey of 400 Western Australians regarding attitudes to laws relating to possession of cannabis for personal use. Over a third of respondents believed cannabis should be made as legal as alcohol. Support for decriminalization increased from 64.0% to 71.5% when possible penalties associated with decriminalization were described. When penalties were described, more women than men favored decriminalization but age, political affiliation, and city or country residency no longer predicted attitudes to decriminalization. Almost two-thirds of respondents believed that many people used cannabis without experiencing serious problems and that the court system was overburdened by minor cannabis offenses. Half the sample believed it would not be a bad thing for the community if people were legally able to grow cannabis for their personal use. Results suggest there is considerable community support for removing criminal penalties for simple cannabis offenses. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":793},"Community Attitudes to Cannabis Use in Western Australia",{"VOID":795},"10.1177\u002F002204269602600405",[144],"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1177\u002F002204269602600405",[799,810],{"id":800,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":801,"affiliations":802,"properties":803},"383ee3d0-a3e6-4891-ba63-0a50ba65a4d8",[],[],{"openalex":804,"orcid":806,"title":808},{"VOID":805},"A5089852898",{"VOID":807},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-7013-9812",{"EN":809},"Simon Lenton",{"id":811,"sortIndex":171,"researcher":24,"roles":812,"affiliations":813,"properties":814},"f30bd2ed-e1e9-4070-87a0-fc0120704e92",[],[],{"openalex":815,"title":817},{"VOID":816},"A5013044890",{"EN":818},"Claudia Ovenden",{"url":24,"publisher":820,"properties":845},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":821,"slug":10,"properties":822,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":828,"manageAffiliations":829,"indexDatabases":830,"url":114,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":823,"issn":824,"introduce":825,"eissn":826,"title":827},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},{"VOID":19},{"EN":21},[],[],[831,838],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":832,"url":87,"indexYears":88,"academicFieldIds":837,"indexDatabaseRanking":94},{"id":76,"createTime":77,"updateTime":78,"relativeEntities":833,"label":834,"description":835,"key":84,"publicationTags":836,"standard":24},[],{"EN":81,"VI":81},{"EN":81,"VI":83},[86],[90,91,92,93],{"id":96,"indexDatabase":839,"url":111,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":844,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":98,"createTime":99,"updateTime":100,"relativeEntities":840,"label":841,"description":842,"key":107,"publicationTags":843,"standard":24},[],{"EN":103,"VI":103},{"VI":105,"EN":106},[109,110],[113],{"volume":846,"pages":848,"issue":850},{"VOID":847},"26",{"VOID":849},"783-804",{"VOID":243},15,{"total":851,"publishYear":24,"statisticByYear":853},{"2012":171,"2014":171,"2016":194},"1996-10-01",1996,[857,860,863,866,869,872,875,878,881,884,887,890,893,896,899,902,905,909,912],{"id":24,"text":858,"url":24,"identifiers":859},"Advisory Committee on Illicit Drugs, 1993, Cannabis and the law in Queensland",{},{"id":24,"text":861,"url":24,"identifiers":862},"Alcohol and Other Drugs Council of Australia, 1993, Cannabis discussion paper 1993: An analysis of responses",{},{"id":24,"text":864,"url":24,"identifiers":865},"Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1993, June 1987 to June 1992 estimated resident population by sex and age, states and territories of Australia",{},{"id":24,"text":867,"url":24,"identifiers":868},"Bowman J., 1994, Public perceptions of cannabis legislation",{},{"id":24,"text":870,"url":24,"identifiers":871},"10.1177\u002F0002764289032003006",{"doi":870},{"id":24,"text":873,"url":24,"identifiers":874},"Lenton S., 1994, Illicit drug use, harm reduction and the community: Attitudes to cannabis law and needle and syringe provision in WA",{},{"id":24,"text":876,"url":24,"identifiers":877},"Lenton S., 1995, Social impacts of the legislative options for cannabis in Australia (phase 1 research): A report to the National Drug Strategy Committee",{},{"id":24,"text":879,"url":24,"identifiers":880},"10.1177\u002F002204269302300404",{"doi":879},{"id":24,"text":882,"url":24,"identifiers":883},"Maguire K., 1994, Source book on criminal justice statistics 1993",{},{"id":24,"text":885,"url":24,"identifiers":886},"10.1177\u002F002204269302300304",{"doi":885},{"id":24,"text":888,"url":24,"identifiers":889},"McAllister I., 1993, Knowledge, attitudes and policy preferences concerning illicit drugs in Australian society",{},{"id":24,"text":891,"url":24,"identifiers":892},"McAllister I., 1986, Attitudes towards drugs and drug use in Australia",{},{"id":24,"text":894,"url":24,"identifiers":895},"McDonald D., 1994, Legislative options for cannabis in Australia",{},{"id":24,"text":897,"url":24,"identifiers":898},"Morgan J.P., 1993, Psychoactive drugs and harm reduction from faith to science",{},{"id":24,"text":900,"url":24,"identifiers":901},"Sarre R., 1989, Cannabis - The expiation notice approach, Report Series C, no. 4, June",{},{"id":24,"text":903,"url":24,"identifiers":904},"Shapiro H. 1994 Only way - or no way? Your crammer on the pros and cons of legalizing prohibited drugs. Druglink Jan\u002FFeb:12–15.",{},{"id":24,"text":906,"url":24,"identifiers":907},"Single E.W. 1989 The impact of marijuana decriminalization: An update. Journal of Public Health Policy (Winter):456–466.",{"doi":908},"10.2307\u002F3342518",{"id":24,"text":910,"url":24,"identifiers":911},"SPSS, Inc, 1990, SPSS (release 4) Reference Guide",{},{"id":24,"text":913,"url":24,"identifiers":914},"Trebach A.S., 1993, Legalize it? Debating American drug policy",{},{"id":916,"createTime":917,"updateTime":917,"relativeEntities":918,"slug":919,"properties":920,"entityType":140,"verifyStatus":141,"verifyTime":917,"verifyNote":142,"syncStatus":23,"languages":936,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":937,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":938,"publicationType":210,"publisherRelationship":981,"citationCount":1013,"citationInfo":1014,"publishDate":1016,"publishYear":249,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":1017,"isForceReanalyzing":365},"5952fd15-cc81-4335-96ce-1a47d007b8e8","2024-10-02T09:25:37.345+00:00",[],"Drug-Generations-in-the-2000s",{"mag":921,"keywords":923,"pmc":924,"openalex":926,"abstract":928,"title":930,"pm":932,"doi":934},{"VOID":922},"2121748442",{},{"VOID":925},"3848889",{"VOID":927},"W2121748442",{"EN":929},"\u003Cjats:p> Much empirical evidence indicates that the popularity of various drugs tends to increase and wane over time producing episodic epidemics of particular drugs. These epidemics mostly affect persons reaching their late teens at the time of the epidemic resulting in distinct drug generations. This article examines the drug generations present in the 2000s among arrestees in the 10 locations served by the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring–II program. At all 10 locations, our findings show that crack use is still common among older arrestees but not among arrestees born more recently. Marijuana is the drug most common among younger arrestees. The article also examines trends in heroin, methamphetamine, and powder cocaine use among arrestees at the few locations where their use was substantial. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":931},"Drug Generations in the 2000s",{"VOID":933},"24311821",{"VOID":935},"10.1177\u002F0022042613475599",[144],"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1177\u002F0022042613475599",[939,961],{"id":940,"sortIndex":171,"researcher":24,"roles":941,"affiliations":942,"properties":954},"bed68bb9-d060-45a8-8dcf-4dd0d00dc170",[],[943],{"id":944,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":945,"properties":24},"45864eef-e7e1-46e3-93ea-9ba27bc4439b",{"id":946,"createTime":947,"updateTime":948,"relativeEntities":949,"slug":950,"properties":951,"entityType":69,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"7c513070-7f19-4147-97aa-7c19985188e6","2024-01-30T06:13:36.794+00:00","2024-10-02T09:25:37.360+00:00",[],"NORC-at-the-University-of-Chicago-Bethesda-MD-USA",{"title":952},{"VI":953},"NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MD, USA",{"openalex":955,"orcid":957,"title":959},{"VOID":956},"A5089347795",{"VOID":958},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-6159-2730",{"EN":960},"Henry H. Brownstein",{"id":962,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":963,"affiliations":964,"properties":976},"837421e3-bc33-46fd-b992-3cd9925c974e",[],[965],{"id":966,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":967,"properties":24},"a528eb84-a137-43fe-a88c-a590ad81806a",{"id":968,"createTime":969,"updateTime":970,"relativeEntities":971,"slug":972,"properties":973,"entityType":69,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"ac55b4ff-78af-40da-abc2-20a71324090e","2024-01-28T00:21:09.326+00:00","2024-10-02T09:25:37.355+00:00",[],"National-Development-and-Research-Institutes-New-York-NY-USA",{"title":974},{"VI":975},"National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY, USA",{"openalex":977,"title":979},{"VOID":978},"A5019542917",{"EN":980},"Andrew Golub",{"url":24,"publisher":982,"properties":1007},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":983,"slug":10,"properties":984,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":990,"manageAffiliations":991,"indexDatabases":992,"url":114,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":985,"issn":986,"introduce":987,"eissn":988,"title":989},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},{"VOID":19},{"EN":21},[],[],[993,1000],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":994,"url":87,"indexYears":88,"academicFieldIds":999,"indexDatabaseRanking":94},{"id":76,"createTime":77,"updateTime":78,"relativeEntities":995,"label":996,"description":997,"key":84,"publicationTags":998,"standard":24},[],{"EN":81,"VI":81},{"EN":81,"VI":83},[86],[90,91,92,93],{"id":96,"indexDatabase":1001,"url":111,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1006,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":98,"createTime":99,"updateTime":100,"relativeEntities":1002,"label":1003,"description":1004,"key":107,"publicationTags":1005,"standard":24},[],{"EN":103,"VI":103},{"VI":105,"EN":106},[109,110],[113],{"volume":1008,"pages":1009,"issue":1011},{"VOID":239},{"VOID":1010},"335-356",{"VOID":1012},"3",12,{"total":1013,"publishYear":24,"statisticByYear":1015},{"2015":171,"2016":194,"2017":247,"2019":171,"2020":194,"2023":194,"2024":171},"2013-07-01",[1018,1021,1024,1027,1030,1033,1036,1039,1042,1045,1048,1051,1054,1057,1060,1063,1066,1069,1072,1075,1078,1081,1084,1087,1090,1093,1097,1100,1103,1106,1109,1112,1115,1118,1121,1124,1127,1130,1133,1136,1139,1142,1145,1148,1151,1154,1157,1160],{"id":24,"text":1019,"url":24,"identifiers":1020},"10.1093\u002Foso\u002F9780198545996.001.0001",{"doi":1019},{"id":24,"text":1022,"url":24,"identifiers":1023},"Bachman J. G., 1997, Smoking, drinking and drug use in young adulthood: The impacts of new freedoms and new responsibilities",{},{"id":24,"text":1025,"url":24,"identifiers":1026},"10.2307\u002F2948371",{"doi":1025},{"id":24,"text":1028,"url":24,"identifiers":1029},"10.1177\u002F0887403410383010",{"doi":1028},{"id":24,"text":1031,"url":24,"identifiers":1032},"10.1016\u002Fj.drugpo.2009.02.010",{"doi":1031},{"id":24,"text":1034,"url":24,"identifiers":1035},"10.2105\u002FAJPH.85.1.41",{"doi":1034},{"id":24,"text":1037,"url":24,"identifiers":1038},"10.2307\u002F1144256",{"doi":1037},{"id":24,"text":1040,"url":24,"identifiers":1041},"10.1080\u002F016396299266542",{"doi":1040},{"id":24,"text":1043,"url":24,"identifiers":1044},"General Accounting Office, 1993, Drug use measurement: Strengths, limitations, and recommendations for improvement",{},{"id":24,"text":1046,"url":24,"identifiers":1047},"Golub A., 2005, The cultural\u002Fsubcultural contexts of marijuana use at the turn of the twenty-first century",{},{"id":24,"text":1049,"url":24,"identifiers":1050},"Golub A., Brownstein H. H. (2012). Monitoring drug epidemics and the markets that sustain them using ADAM II (Final report to the National Institute of Justice). https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncjrs.gov\u002Fpdffiles1\u002Fnij\u002Fgrants\u002F239906.pdf. Rockville, MD: National Criminal Justice Reference Service.",{},{"id":24,"text":1052,"url":24,"identifiers":1053},"10.2105\u002FAJPH.84.8.1250",{"doi":1052},{"id":24,"text":1055,"url":24,"identifiers":1056},"10.1016\u002F0038-0121(96)00005-5",{"doi":1055},{"id":24,"text":1058,"url":24,"identifiers":1059},"Golub A., 1997, Crack’s decline: Some surprises across U.S. cities",{},{"id":24,"text":1061,"url":24,"identifiers":1062},"10.3109\u002F10826089909039425",{"doi":1061},{"id":24,"text":1064,"url":24,"identifiers":1065},"10.1037\u002Fe375572004-001",{"doi":1064},{"id":24,"text":1067,"url":24,"identifiers":1068},"10.1080\u002F02791072.2005.10399748",{"doi":1067},{"id":24,"text":1070,"url":24,"identifiers":1071},"10.1080\u002F16066350500053497",{"doi":1070},{"id":24,"text":1073,"url":24,"identifiers":1074},"10.1177\u002F002204260403400206",{"doi":1073},{"id":24,"text":1076,"url":24,"identifiers":1077},"10.1023\u002FA:1007573411129",{"doi":1076},{"id":24,"text":1079,"url":24,"identifiers":1080},"10.1081\u002FJA-100107575",{"doi":1079},{"id":24,"text":1082,"url":24,"identifiers":1083},"10.1080\u002F02791072.1992.10471658",{"doi":1082},{"id":24,"text":1085,"url":24,"identifiers":1086},"10.1037\u002Fe637122007-001",{"doi":1085},{"id":24,"text":1088,"url":24,"identifiers":1089},"Herz D. C., 2000, Drugs in the heartland: Methamphetamine use in rural Nebraska",{},{"id":24,"text":1091,"url":24,"identifiers":1092},"Hunt D., 2005, Methamphetamine use: Lessons learned, report submitted to the national institute of justice",{},{"id":24,"text":1094,"url":24,"identifiers":1095},"Hunt D., Rhodes W. (2009). Arrestee drug abuse monitoring program II in the United States, 2008: Technical Documentation Report. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. Available from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.icpsr.umich.edu",{"doi":1096},"10.3886\u002FICPSR27221.v1",{"id":24,"text":1098,"url":24,"identifiers":1099},"Hunt L. G., 1976, The heroin epidemic: A study of heroin use in the U.S., 1965-1975",{},{"id":24,"text":1101,"url":24,"identifiers":1102},"Johnson B. D., 2002, One hundred years of heroin, 91",{},{"id":24,"text":1104,"url":24,"identifiers":1105},"Johnson B. D., 2005, Substance abuse: A comprehensive textbook, 4, 107",{},{"id":24,"text":1107,"url":24,"identifiers":1108},"Johnson B. D., 2006, The crime drop in America, 164",{},{"id":24,"text":1110,"url":24,"identifiers":1111},"Johnston L. D., 1991, Persuasive communication and drug abuse prevention, 93",{},{"id":24,"text":1113,"url":24,"identifiers":1114},"Jonnes J., 2002, One hundred years of heroin, 227",{},{"id":24,"text":1116,"url":24,"identifiers":1117},"Musto D., 1993, Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco: Making the science and policy connections, 278",{},{"id":24,"text":1119,"url":24,"identifiers":1120},"National Drug Intelligence Center, 2007, National drug threat assessment 2008",{},{"id":24,"text":1122,"url":24,"identifiers":1123},"National Institute of Justice, 2003, 2000 arrestee drug abuse monitoring: Annual report",{},{"id":24,"text":1125,"url":24,"identifiers":1126},"National Institute of Justice, 2003, Arrestee drug abuse monitoring (ADAM) program in the United States, 2001: User guide",{},{"id":24,"text":1128,"url":24,"identifiers":1129},"National Institute of Justice, 2004, Arrestee drug abuse monitoring (ADAM) program in the United States, 2002: User guide",{},{"id":24,"text":1131,"url":24,"identifiers":1132},"National Institute of Justice. (2004b). Arrestee drug abuse monitoring (ADAM) program in the United States, 2003: Codebook, data collection instruments, and other documentation. National Archive of Criminal Justice Data. Available from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.icpsr.umich.edu",{},{"id":24,"text":1134,"url":24,"identifiers":1135},"National Institute of Justice, 2004, Arrestee drug abuse monitoring (ADAM) program in the United States, 2003: User guide",{},{"id":24,"text":1137,"url":24,"identifiers":1138},"Official of National Drug Control Policy. (2008). ADAM II: 2007 annual report. Author. Available from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov",{},{"id":24,"text":1140,"url":24,"identifiers":1141},"Official of National Drug Control Policy. (2009). ADAM II: 2008 annual report. Author. Available from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov",{},{"id":24,"text":1143,"url":24,"identifiers":1144},"Official of National Drug Control Policy. (2010a). ADAM II: 2009 annual report. Author. Available from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov",{},{"id":24,"text":1146,"url":24,"identifiers":1147},"Official of National Drug Control Policy, 2010, Use of high intensity drug trafficking area funds to combat methamphetamine trafficking",{},{"id":24,"text":1149,"url":24,"identifiers":1150},"Official of National Drug Control Policy. (2011). ADAM II: 2010 annual report. Author. Available from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov",{},{"id":24,"text":1152,"url":24,"identifiers":1153},"Rogers E. M., 1995, Diffusion of innovation, 4",{},{"id":24,"text":1155,"url":24,"identifiers":1156},"Sifaneck S. J., 2003, Free Inquiry in Creative Sociology, 31, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":1158,"url":24,"identifiers":1159},"10.1177\u002F002204261104100302",{"doi":1158},{"id":24,"text":1161,"url":24,"identifiers":1162},"Weisheit R., 2009, Methamphetamine: Its history, pharmacology, and treatment",{},{"id":1164,"createTime":1165,"updateTime":1165,"relativeEntities":1166,"slug":1167,"properties":1168,"entityType":140,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":1180,"verifyNote":382,"syncStatus":23,"languages":1181,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1182,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1183,"publicationType":210,"publisherRelationship":1204,"citationCount":1236,"citationInfo":1237,"publishDate":1239,"publishYear":1240,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":1241,"isForceReanalyzing":365},"d67cbe0c-e8e8-497b-9e7c-268693906fe3","2024-10-02T09:25:33.274+00:00",[],"Community-Characteristics-and-Methamphetamine-Use-A-Social-Disorganization-Perspective",{"mag":1169,"keywords":1171,"openalex":1172,"abstract":1174,"title":1176,"doi":1178},{"VOID":1170},"2148362017",{},{"VOID":1173},"W2148362017",{"EN":1175},"\u003Cjats:p> The current study applied the first macro-level analysis of methamphetamine use. The extant literature on macro-level drug use has suggested that areas with high levels of social disorganization experience high rates of drug use. In this study it was expected that school districts with low SES and high rates of ethnic heterogeneity, residential instability and family disruption will experience high rates of methamphetamine use. In addition, it was expected that rural and suburban school districts would show higher rates than urban school districts. Social disorganization hypotheses were partially supported as low economic status and residential instability are associated with methamphetamine use. Interestingly, a high percentage of white population is positively associated with methamphetamine use. Further, school districts in the southwest region of Michigan were significantly more likely to have higher percentages of methamphetamine users. \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1177},"Community Characteristics and Methamphetamine Use: A Social Disorganization Perspective",{"VOID":1179},"10.1177\u002F002204260903900305","2024-10-02T09:25:33.273+00:00",[144],"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.sagepub.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1177\u002F002204260903900305",[1184,1195],{"id":1185,"sortIndex":171,"researcher":24,"roles":1186,"affiliations":1187,"properties":1188},"1861e5a6-08e9-46e0-9e9a-0513b214fae7",[],[],{"openalex":1189,"orcid":1191,"title":1193},{"VOID":1190},"A5046877768",{"VOID":1192},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2893-6444",{"EN":1194},"Rachel Bridges Whaley",{"id":1196,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1197,"affiliations":1198,"properties":1199},"b8a3f2a6-d588-4538-a4c1-d35cbcbe3cc8",[],[],{"openalex":1200,"title":1202},{"VOID":1201},"A5079298993",{"EN":1203},"Justin Hayes-Smith",{"url":24,"publisher":1205,"properties":1230},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1206,"slug":10,"properties":1207,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1213,"manageAffiliations":1214,"indexDatabases":1215,"url":114,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1208,"issn":1209,"introduce":1210,"eissn":1211,"title":1212},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},{"VOID":19},{"EN":21},[],[],[1216,1223],{"id":74,"indexDatabase":1217,"url":87,"indexYears":88,"academicFieldIds":1222,"indexDatabaseRanking":94},{"id":76,"createTime":77,"updateTime":78,"relativeEntities":1218,"label":1219,"description":1220,"key":84,"publicationTags":1221,"standard":24},[],{"EN":81,"VI":81},{"EN":81,"VI":83},[86],[90,91,92,93],{"id":96,"indexDatabase":1224,"url":111,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1229,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":98,"createTime":99,"updateTime":100,"relativeEntities":1225,"label":1226,"description":1227,"key":107,"publicationTags":1228,"standard":24},[],{"EN":103,"VI":103},{"VI":105,"EN":106},[109,110],[113],{"volume":1231,"pages":1233,"issue":1235},{"VOID":1232},"39",{"VOID":1234},"547-576",{"VOID":1012},14,{"total":1236,"publishYear":24,"statisticByYear":1238},{"2013":171,"2014":171,"2015":194,"2016":247,"2017":194,"2020":171,"2022":171,"2023":171},"2009-07-01",2009,[1242,1245,1248,1251,1254,1257,1260,1263,1266,1269,1272,1275,1278,1281,1284,1287,1290,1293,1296,1299,1302,1305,1308,1311,1314,1317,1320,1323,1326,1329,1331,1334,1337,1340,1343,1346,1349,1352,1355,1358,1361,1364,1367,1370,1373,1376,1379,1382,1385,1388,1391,1394,1397,1400,1403,1406,1409,1412,1415,1418,1421,1424,1427,1430,1433,1436,1439,1442,1445,1448,1451,1454,1457,1460,1463,1466,1469,1472],{"id":24,"text":1243,"url":24,"identifiers":1244},"Akers R. L., 1998, Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance",{},{"id":24,"text":1246,"url":24,"identifiers":1247},"Allison P. 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Retrieved December 10, 2005 from www.naco.org.",{},{"id":24,"text":1380,"url":24,"identifiers":1381},"National Center for Education Statistics 2006 Census 2000 school district demographics. Retrieved January 10, 2006, from http:\u002F\u002Fnces.ed.gov\u002Fsurveys\u002Fsdds\u002F.",{},{"id":24,"text":1383,"url":24,"identifiers":1384},"National Drug Intelligence Center 2004 National drug threat assessment. Retrieved March 10, 2005, from www.usdoj.gov\u002Fndic\u002Fpubs8\u002F8731\u002Fmeth.htm.",{},{"id":24,"text":1386,"url":24,"identifiers":1387},"National Institute of Justice and Office of National Drug Control Policy 2000 Methamphetamine interagency task force: Final report. Retrieved March 24, 2006 from www.ojp.usdoj.gov\u002Fnij\u002Fmethintf\u002Findex.html.",{},{"id":24,"text":1389,"url":24,"identifiers":1390},"Office of National Drug Control Policy 2007 Policies and Legislation: Enforcement and Public Safety. 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J., 1990, Crime and inequality, 37",{},{"id":24,"text":1440,"url":24,"identifiers":1441},"Shaw C. R., 1942, Juvenile delinquency and urban areas",{},{"id":24,"text":1443,"url":24,"identifiers":1444},"10.1177\u002F0022427888025001003",{"doi":1443},{"id":24,"text":1446,"url":24,"identifiers":1447},"10.1526\u002F003601104322919937",{"doi":1446},{"id":24,"text":1449,"url":24,"identifiers":1450},"10.1177\u002F002204260603600104",{"doi":1449},{"id":24,"text":1452,"url":24,"identifiers":1453},"Thornberry T. P., 2003, Measurement problems in criminal justice research: Workshop summary, 43",{},{"id":24,"text":1455,"url":24,"identifiers":1456},"U.S. Patriot Act 2006 USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005. Washington, D.C.",{},{"id":24,"text":1458,"url":24,"identifiers":1459},"U.S. Census 2000 Census 2000 geographic terms and concepts.",{},{"id":24,"text":1461,"url":24,"identifiers":1462},"10.1080\u002F07418829700093531",{"doi":1461},{"id":24,"text":1464,"url":24,"identifiers":1465},"10.1111\u002Fj.1745-9125.1993.tb01139.x",{"doi":1464},{"id":24,"text":1467,"url":24,"identifiers":1468},"Weisheit R. A. 2004 The Impact of methamphetamine of Illinois communities: An ethnography. A Report to the Illinois Criminal Justice Authority.",{},{"id":24,"text":1470,"url":24,"identifiers":1471},"10.1177\u002F0011128796042003003",{"doi":1470},{"id":24,"text":1473,"url":24,"identifiers":1474},"10.1177\u002F073401680402900103",{"doi":1473},{"id":1476,"createTime":1477,"updateTime":1477,"relativeEntities":1478,"slug":1479,"properties":1480,"entityType":140,"verifyStatus":141,"verifyTime":1494,"verifyNote":142,"syncStatus":23,"languages":1495,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1496,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1497,"publicationType":210,"publisherRelationship":1551,"citationCount":1583,"citationInfo":1584,"publishDate":1586,"publishYear":1587,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":1588,"isForceReanalyzing":365},"0d182609-409a-4dbb-ba90-482d6b8c26db","2024-10-02T09:25:21.634+00:00",[],"Everybody-s-Doing-It",{"mag":1481,"keywords":1483,"openalex":1484,"abstract":1486,"title":1488,"pm":1490,"doi":1492},{"VOID":1482},"2333942120",{},{"VOID":1485},"W2333942120",{"EN":1487},"\u003Cjats:p> In this article, we present findings from a qualitative National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded study of nonmedical prescription drug users in the San Francisco Bay Area. We interviewed young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years, who used prescription drugs nonmedically at least 12 times in the 6 months prior to the interview. Employing Aker’s Social Learning Theory and Zinberg’s Drug, Set, and Setting, we explore the factors that contributed to participants’ choices to begin using prescription drugs nonmedically. Social Learning Theory provides the framework for understanding how deviant behaviors are learned and imitated, while set and setting emphasizes the psychological and social contexts of initiation and the ways in which the set and setting of the initiating user were influenced by exposure, motivation, access, and setting. 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