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Research shows that ADHD can be detrimental to many areas of life including work, daily activities, social and family relationships and psychological and physical well-being. Patient-reported impairments in productivity due to poor time management, procrastination, and distractibility can translate into significant indirect costs and decreased quality of life. ADHD in adults is also associated with increased accidents, medical resource utilization, antisocial behaviour and drug alcohol abuse. 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(2008). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The NICE guideline on diagnosis and management of ADHD in children, young people and adults. The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists. 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Childhood hyperactivity as a risk factor for adult asychopathology: Results from a 20 year prospective community-based study in london.",{},{"id":24,"text":682,"url":24,"identifiers":683},"10.1016\u002Fj.jadohealth.2003.12.003",{"doi":682},{"id":24,"text":685,"url":24,"identifiers":686},"10.1097\u002F00004583-199609000-00019",{"doi":685},{"id":24,"text":688,"url":24,"identifiers":689},"10.1192\u002Fbjp.184.1.8",{"doi":688},{"id":24,"text":691,"url":24,"identifiers":692},"10.1080\u002F08039480500520665",{"doi":691},{"id":24,"text":694,"url":24,"identifiers":695},"United States General Accounting Office. (2003). Highway safety: Research continues on a variety of factors that contribute to motor vehicle crashes (GAO-03-436). Retrieved from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.gao.gov\u002Fnew.items\u002Fd03436.pdf",{},{"id":24,"text":697,"url":24,"identifiers":698},"Vaa T. (2003). Impairments, diseases, age and their relative risks of accident involvement: Results from a meta-analysis (Report Number 690\u002F2003. Deliverable R1.1 of EU-project IMMORTAL. Contract NO GMA1\u002F200\u002F27043 SI2.319837. i-48). Oslo, Norway: Institute of Transport Economics. Retrieved from https:\u002F\u002Fwww.toi.no\u002Farticle17814-29.html",{},{"id":24,"text":700,"url":24,"identifiers":701},"10.1111\u002F1467-839X.00028",{"doi":700},{"id":24,"text":703,"url":24,"identifiers":704},"10.1080\u002F01612840902741989",{"doi":703},{"id":24,"text":706,"url":24,"identifiers":707},"10.1002\u002Fjclp.20118",{"doi":706},{"id":24,"text":709,"url":24,"identifiers":710},"10.1097\u002F00004583-200008000-00023",{"doi":709},{"id":24,"text":712,"url":24,"identifiers":713},"Weiss M., 2003, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 168, 715",{},{"id":24,"text":715,"url":24,"identifiers":716},"Weiss M. 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Aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of ADHD and its clinical and demographic correlates in a large sample of Italian outpatients. Method: 634 outpatients accessing psychiatric services were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Plus V. 5.0.0 interview and the Adult ADHD self-report Scale Symptoms Checklist (ASRS)-V 1.1 Short Form. Patients positive to the ASRS-V 1.1 were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA) 2.0. Results: Of the total patients’ sample, 81 (12.8%) were positive on the ASRS-V 1.1. After performing the DIVA 2.0, 44 patients (6.9%) met the criteria for Adult ADHD. Significant clinical and demographic differences between ADHD positive and negative groups were found. Conclusion: The prevalence and correlates of ADHD comorbidity in our outpatient psychiatric population were comparable to those found in other high-income countries. 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Method: Adult ADHD patients ( n = 202) and controls ( n = 189) completed the ASESA questionnaire involving lifestyle, eating pattern, and physical and psychological health, and validated measures on ADHD and sleep. ASESA is the Dutch acronym for Inattention, Sleep, Eating pattern, Mood, and General health questionnaire. Results: Indication for delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) was 26% in patients and 2% in controls ( p < .001). Patients reported shorter sleep, longer sleep-onset latency, and later midsleep. Shorter ( R\u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> = .21) and later ( R\u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> = .27) sleep were associated with hyperactivity, male gender, younger age, and seasonal depressive symptoms. Seasonal depressive symptoms were related to hyperactivity, female gender, unemployment, and late sleep (pseudo R\u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> = .28). Higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with shorter sleep in patients (ρ = −.16; p = .04) and controls (ρ = −.17; p = .02). Longer sleep showed lower odds for indication of metabolic syndrome (OR = −0.17; p = .053). 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Method: Investigations into sleep, chronotype, and circadian rhythm in adult ADHD were searched in the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo databases. Results: ADHD in adults is associated with longer objective sleep latency, irrespective of insomnia complaints. Sleep maintenance is disturbed and waking up time is delayed. Adult ADHD is associated with increased eveningness, delayed dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), and later waking up time. Stimulant treatment induces delay of nonparametric circadian parameters, whereas light therapy (LT) induces shifts toward morningness, which is associated with a reduction of ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Adult ADHD is associated with delayed circadian rhythmicity and analogous sleep characteristics, which are typical of a delayed sleep phase disorder. 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Method: A systematic search identified 176 studies (1980-2012) of long-term (≥2 years) academic outcomes with ADHD. Results: Achievement test outcomes (79%) and academic performance outcomes (75%) were worse in individuals with untreated ADHD compared with non-ADHD controls, also when IQ difference was controlled (72% and 81%, respectively). Improvement in both outcome groups was associated with treatment, more often for achievement test scores (79%) than academic performance (42%), also when IQ was controlled (100% and 57%, respectively). More achievement test and academic performance outcomes improved with multimodal (100% and 67%, respectively) than pharmacological (75% and 33%) or non-pharmacological (75% and 50%) treatment alone. Conclusion: ADHD adversely affects long-term academic outcomes. A greater proportion of achievement test outcomes improved with treatment compared with academic performance. 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The aim of the current systematic review was to identify and synthesize available literature regarding neuropsychological performance associated with adult ADHD subtypes. Method: Searches were completed using the databases PsycINFO and PubMed for studies published before March 2017 addressing adult ADHD subtypes and neuropsychological performance. Data characterizing the neuropsychological tests utilized in each study were obtained and sorted into eight domains. To summarize the results of all comparisons (ADHD subtype compared with control, or to each other), we counted the proportion of tests within each domain with significant group differences. Results\u002FConclusion: We deemed four domains informative in differentiating ADHD subtypes from controls. Of these, memory was the only domain that held promise in distinguishing ADHD-Inattentive and ADHD-Combined. 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