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All aspects of toxicology are covered (including but not limited to nanotoxicology, genomics and proteomics, teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, reproductive and endocrine toxicology, toxicopathology, target organ toxicity, systems toxicity (eg immunotoxicity), neurobehavioral toxicology, mechanistic studies, biochemical and molecular toxicology, novel biomarkers, pharmacokinetics\u002FPBPK, risk assessment and environmental health studies) and emphasis is given to papers of clear application to human health, and\u002For advance mechanistic understanding and\u002For provide significant contributions and impact to their field.","PUBLISHER","PENDING",null,0,[27],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":29,"label":30,"description":32,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},"304614db-b5ea-4999-9a2b-b6cb83b4488a",[],{"EN":31},"Toxicology",{},[34,41],{"id":35,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":36,"slug":24,"properties":37,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":40,"statistic":24},"43d4a537-d044-4372-8544-ca45c3bea38f",[],{"title":38},{"EN":39},"WILEY",[],{"id":42,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":43,"slug":24,"properties":44,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":47,"statistic":24},"5897d6dd-2e52-4a63-b727-73a22f8a55c0",[],{"title":45},{"EN":46},"John Wiley and Sons Ltd",[],[49,66],{"id":50,"indexDatabase":51,"url":61,"indexYears":62,"academicFieldIds":63,"indexDatabaseRanking":65},"7b553164-863b-4115-9fac-1e0cd7cfd9e0",{"id":52,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":53,"label":54,"description":56,"key":58,"publicationTags":59,"standard":24},"3c7051d4-eb7d-4c57-a56b-36fc74c5d1e9",[],{"EN":55,"VI":55},"Scopus - Elsevier",{"EN":55,"VI":57},"Cơ sở dữ liệu Scopus thuộc Elsevier","scopus",[60],"SCOPUS","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scopus.com\u002Fsourceid\u002F25126","1981-2025",[64],"efd4c2fb-aeaa-4e42-8995-94fc907aae70","SCOPUS__Q2",{"id":67,"indexDatabase":68,"url":80,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":81,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},"cf04d888-e5b9-45c0-a435-eafbbfde8461",{"id":69,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":70,"label":71,"description":73,"key":76,"publicationTags":77,"standard":24},"a4921856-b128-4d9f-8f1f-e80813d3bbd4",[],{"EN":72,"VI":72},"ISI\u002FSCIE - Science Citation Index Expanded",{"EN":74,"VI":75},"SCIE database","Cơ sở dữ liệu SCIE","scie",[78,79],"SCIE","ISI","https:\u002F\u002Fmjl.clarivate.com\u002Fsearch-results?issn=0260-437X",[82],"1ff2b686-ac7f-4d79-91fb-d25180fb47ca","https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fjournal\u002F10991263",{"meta":85,"data":87},{"total":86},"79",[88,245,527,826,979,1155,1527,1826,2271,2785],{"id":89,"createTime":90,"updateTime":91,"relativeEntities":92,"slug":93,"properties":94,"entityType":109,"verifyStatus":110,"verifyTime":90,"verifyNote":111,"languages":112,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":114,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":115,"publicationType":151,"publisherRelationship":152,"citationCount":198,"citationInfo":199,"publishDate":204,"publishYear":200,"citationAnalyzeStatus":205,"lastCitationAnalyze":91,"indexDatabases":206,"openAccess":24,"references":207,"isForceReanalyzing":244},"76a36180-9389-4eb6-8156-a869a4538410","2024-10-15T12:53:06.616+00:00","2026-07-28T13:10:47.668+00:00",[],"Woodworkers-exposure-to-tannins",{"mag":95,"gsPaper":97,"openalex":99,"abstract":101,"title":103,"pm":105,"doi":107},{"VOID":96},"2130887583",{"VOID":98},"[\"12077982450100032881\"]",{"VOID":100},"W2130887583",{"EN":102},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The tannin concentration of hard‐ and soft‐wood dust was determined in dust powder and in samples on filters. It varied from 1.6 ± 0.3 mg g\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>(± SD) for fir, which is a soft wood, to 80 ± 30 mg g\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>(± SD) for oak, which is a hard wood. The low detection limit of the spectrophotometric method (1.5 μg per sample) made the analysis possible with no interference from cellulose ester filters. In five woodworking shops the concentrations of the total dust varied from 0.2 to 20 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>, while those of tannins varied from 2 to 341 μg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>. As hard woods like oak or mahogany have a higher tannin concentration than soft woods, tannin concentration analysis in wood dust can be used as an indicator of exposure to hard‐wood dust.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":104},"Woodworkers' exposure to tannins",{"VOID":106},"7963243",{"VOID":108},"10.1002\u002Fjat.2550140409","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","Auto Verify",[113],"EN","https:\u002F\u002Fanalyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1002\u002Fjat.2550140409",[116,133],{"id":117,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":118,"affiliations":119,"properties":128,"displayName":130,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"27eb93c8-adc1-460a-9f74-79c08cd70fe9",[],[120],{"id":121,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":122,"properties":24},"794ef959-3f11-49b1-b1f6-b2dca25a045c",{"id":121,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":123,"slug":24,"properties":124,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":127,"statistic":24},[],{"title":125},{"EN":126},"Ecotoxicology Service, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.",[],{"title":129,"openalex":131},{"EN":130},"M Bianco",{"VOID":132},"A5010236866",{"id":134,"sortIndex":135,"researcher":24,"roles":136,"affiliations":137,"properties":146,"displayName":148,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"b744523b-39e8-4fae-a937-460e3c9918b6",1,[],[138],{"id":139,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":140,"properties":24},"639617a6-161d-4490-8fb2-571be2c653e6",{"id":139,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":141,"slug":24,"properties":142,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":145,"statistic":24},[],{"title":143},{"EN":144},"Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 19, CH-1005, Lausanne, Switzerland",[],{"title":147,"openalex":149},{"EN":148},"H. 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Mal. Prof., 42, 253",{},{"id":24,"text":218,"url":24,"identifiers":219},"Rousselle M. A., 1990, Effect of alkali treatment on physiological activity of cotton condensed tannin, Br. J. Ind. Med., 47, 698",{},{"id":24,"text":221,"url":24,"identifiers":222},"10.1038\u002Fbjc.1960.17",{"doi":221},{"id":24,"text":224,"url":24,"identifiers":225},"10.1002\u002Fjat.2550120307",{"doi":224},{"id":24,"text":227,"url":24,"identifiers":228},"10.1007\u002FBF01880091",{"doi":227},{"id":24,"text":230,"url":24,"identifiers":231},"10.1039\u002Fan9891400631",{"doi":230},{"id":24,"text":233,"url":24,"identifiers":234},"10.1093\u002Fannhyg\u002F35.4.397",{"doi":233},{"id":24,"text":236,"url":24,"identifiers":237},"Dollahite J. W., 1962, The toxicity of gallic acid, pyrogallol, tannic acid and Quercus harvardi in the rabbit, Am. J. Vet. Res., 23, 1264",{},{"id":24,"text":239,"url":24,"identifiers":240},"10.1007\u002FBF02084750",{"doi":239},{"id":24,"text":242,"url":24,"identifiers":243},"Costantini A. S., 1989, Cancer mortality among workers in the Tuscan tanning industry, Br. J. Ind. Med., 46, 384",{},false,{"id":246,"createTime":247,"updateTime":248,"relativeEntities":249,"slug":250,"properties":251,"entityType":109,"verifyStatus":110,"verifyTime":247,"verifyNote":111,"languages":270,"translateLanguages":271,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":273,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":274,"publicationType":151,"publisherRelationship":313,"citationCount":359,"citationInfo":360,"publishDate":371,"publishYear":361,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":248,"indexDatabases":372,"openAccess":24,"references":373,"isForceReanalyzing":244},"7ef08658-7e85-4f46-801d-f111f8d05584","2024-09-22T15:31:42.707+00:00","2025-02-22T04:55:57.630+00:00",[],"Animal-models-for-percutaneous-absorption",{"mag":252,"gsPaper":254,"keywords":256,"openalex":258,"abstract":260,"title":263,"pm":266,"doi":268},{"VOID":253},"1530456667",{"VOID":255},"[\"12402775538537414433\"]",{"VI":257},"",{"VOID":259},"W1530456667",{"EN":261,"VI":262},"\u003Cjats:title>ABSTRACT\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Animal models are important tools to predict human \u003Cjats:italic>in vivo\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> percutaneous absorption\u002Fpenetration. Monkey, pig, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, hairless rodents, such as hairless rat, hairless mouse, hairless guinea pig and hairless dog, are among the most used animals for this purpose. Each animal model has its own advantages and weakness or limitation. To better correlate animal data with human skin absorption, we need to be familiar with each animal model's characteristics as well as experimental method and condition. We reviewed the original papers published after 1993 that described permeability of both animal skin and human skin. It showed that monkey, pig and hairless guinea pig are more predictive of human skin absorption\u002Fpenetration and common laboratory animals, such as rat, rabbit, guinea pig, generally overestimate human skin absorption\u002Fpenetration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>TÓM TẮT\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Các mô hình động vật là công cụ quan trọng để dự đoán sự hấp thụ\u002F thẩm thấu qua da ở người \u003Cjats:italic>in vivo\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. Khỉ, lợn, chuột, thỏ, chuột lang, và các loài gặm nhấm không lông, như chuột không lông, chuột lang không lông và chó không lông, là một trong những loài động vật được sử dụng nhiều nhất cho mục đích này. Mỗi mô hình động vật có những ưu điểm và điểm yếu hoặc giới hạn riêng của nó. Để liên kết tốt hơn dữ liệu động vật với sự hấp thụ qua da ở người, chúng ta cần làm quen với các đặc điểm của từng mô hình động vật cũng như phương pháp và điều kiện thí nghiệm. Chúng tôi đã xem xét các tài liệu gốc được công bố sau năm 1993 mô tả tính thẩm thấu của cả da động vật và da người. Kết quả cho thấy khỉ, lợn và chuột lang không lông có khả năng dự đoán tốt hơn sự hấp thụ\u002F thẩm thấu qua da ở người, trong khi các động vật thí nghiệm thông thường như chuột, thỏ, và chuột lang thường đánh giá quá cao sự hấp thụ\u002F thẩm thấu qua da ở người. Bản quyền © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":264,"VI":265},"Animal models for percutaneous absorption","Mô hình động vật cho sự hấp thụ qua da",{"VOID":267},"25345378",{"VOID":269},"10.1002\u002Fjat.3004",[113],[272],"VI","https:\u002F\u002Fanalyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1002\u002Fjat.3004",[275,294],{"id":276,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":277,"affiliations":278,"properties":287,"displayName":291,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"8a995340-7e41-4dfa-8d49-04f495e18625",[],[279],{"id":280,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":281,"properties":24},"98687a5b-2f84-44ba-b81e-65b6ff28c5a7",{"id":280,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":282,"slug":24,"properties":283,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":286,"statistic":24},[],{"title":284},{"EN":285},"Department of Dermatology, 90 Medical Center Way, Surge 110 University of California San Francisco CA 94143-0989 USA",[],{"orcid":288,"title":290,"openalex":292},{"VOID":289},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-5076-9596",{"EN":291},"Eui Chang Jung",{"VOID":293},"A5077252505",{"id":295,"sortIndex":135,"researcher":24,"roles":296,"affiliations":297,"properties":306,"displayName":310,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"e5ee7c10-4e0f-484b-aa65-e49afd7311bc",[],[298],{"id":299,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":300,"properties":24},"4104a565-1215-499e-b835-233914d99978",{"id":299,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":301,"slug":24,"properties":302,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":305,"statistic":24},[],{"title":303},{"EN":304},"Department of Dermatology, 90 Medical Center Way, Surge 110 University of California San Francisco CA 94143‐0989 USA",[],{"orcid":307,"title":309,"openalex":311},{"VOID":308},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-6762-4016",{"EN":310},"Howard I. 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Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non‐food Products Intended for Consumers (SCCNFP\u002F0970\u002F06) adopted by the SCCP during the 7th plenary meeting of 28 March 2006.",{},{"id":24,"text":477,"url":24,"identifiers":478},"10.1159\u002F000210952",{"doi":477},{"id":24,"text":480,"url":24,"identifiers":481},"10.1159\u002F000029812",{"doi":480},{"id":24,"text":483,"url":24,"identifiers":484},"10.1159\u002F000029928",{"doi":483},{"id":24,"text":486,"url":24,"identifiers":487},"Sueki H, 2000, Hairless guinea pig skin: anatomical basis for studies of cutaneous biology, Eur. J. Dermatol., 10, 357",{},{"id":24,"text":489,"url":24,"identifiers":490},"Surber C, 1993, In vivo percutaneous absorption of [14C] acitretin in the hairless guinea pig and in the rhesus monkey, Arzneimittelforschung, 43, 1001",{},{"id":24,"text":492,"url":24,"identifiers":493},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijpharm.2005.05.030",{"doi":492},{"id":24,"text":495,"url":24,"identifiers":496},"ThongsinthusakT RossJ MeindersD.1993.Guidance for The Preparation of Human Pesticide Exposure Assessment Documents. Report No. HS‐1612. Workers Health & Safety Branch Department of Pesticide Regulation California Environmental Protection Agency Sacramento CA.",{},{"id":24,"text":498,"url":24,"identifiers":499},"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.1992.Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Applications. EPA\u002F600\u002F8‐91\u002F011B. U.S. EPA Office of Health and Environmental Assessment Washington DC.",{},{"id":24,"text":501,"url":24,"identifiers":502},"USEPA, 2004, In vitro dermal absorption rate testing of certain chemicals of interest to the occupational safety and health administration; final rule, Fed. Regist., 69, 22402",{},{"id":24,"text":504,"url":24,"identifiers":505},"10.1007\u002Fs10047-003-0229-5",{"doi":504},{"id":24,"text":507,"url":24,"identifiers":508},"10.1111\u002F1523-1747.ep12664543",{"doi":507},{"id":24,"text":510,"url":24,"identifiers":511},"10.1080\u002F009841096161681",{"doi":510},{"id":24,"text":513,"url":24,"identifiers":514},"10.1006\u002Ftaap.1998.8434",{"doi":513},{"id":24,"text":516,"url":24,"identifiers":517},"10.1007\u002FBF00403844",{"doi":516},{"id":24,"text":519,"url":24,"identifiers":520},"10.3109\u002F00498259209049904",{"doi":519},{"id":24,"text":522,"url":24,"identifiers":523},"World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety, 2005, Dermal Absorption. Environmental Health Criteria 235",{},{"id":24,"text":525,"url":24,"identifiers":526},"10.1202\u002F0002-8894(2000)061\u003C0473:DAOPIT>2.0.CO;2",{"doi":525},{"id":528,"createTime":529,"updateTime":529,"relativeEntities":530,"slug":531,"properties":532,"entityType":109,"verifyStatus":110,"verifyTime":529,"verifyNote":111,"languages":545,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":546,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":547,"publicationType":151,"publisherRelationship":660,"citationCount":706,"citationInfo":707,"publishDate":711,"publishYear":708,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":712,"openAccess":24,"references":713,"isForceReanalyzing":244},"5897edf4-1a9d-4539-9104-5bb0131e94cd","2025-02-08T01:40:12.138+00:00",[],"Evaluation-of-testicular-degeneration-induced-by-low-frequency-electromagnetic-fields",{"openalex":533,"mag":535,"abstract":537,"title":539,"pm":541,"doi":543},{"VOID":534},"W2133281415",{"VOID":536},"2133281415",{"EN":538},"\u003Cjats:title>ABSTRACT\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The population exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has been growing in recent decades. The generation, distribution and use of electric energy can generate low‐frequency electromagnetic fields. The present study investigates the effects of EMF (60 Hz and 1 mT) on spermatogenesis of rats during different periods of maturation. Wistar rats were exposed to EMF from day 13 of gestation to postnatal day 21 or 90 in three daily applications of 30 min. Plasma testosterone concentration was not changed by EMF exposure; however, histopathological and histomorphometrical analyses of the testes showed testicular degeneration in a subset of animals exposed to EMF. The magnitude of the degenerative process varied between those individuals affected, indicating different individual sensitivity to EMF. The main alterations observed through transmission electron microscopy were highly electron‐dense mitochondria with loss of their organization and cristae. Exposure to 60 Hz and 1 mT EMF can disturb spermatogenesis and may produce subfertility or infertility. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":540},"Evaluation of testicular degeneration induced by low‐frequency electromagnetic fields",{"VOID":542},"21452164",{"VOID":544},"10.1002\u002Fjat.1680",[113],"https:\u002F\u002Fanalyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1002\u002Fjat.1680",[548,567,582,599,619,636],{"id":549,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":550,"affiliations":551,"properties":560,"displayName":564,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"5955a063-f4bf-4605-a462-9adac16bba56",[],[552],{"id":553,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":554,"properties":24},"3f85b541-7566-4d4b-8b6b-47e0402cba57",{"id":553,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":555,"slug":24,"properties":556,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":559,"statistic":24},[],{"title":557},{"VI":558},"Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University 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Androl., 6, 29",{},{"id":24,"text":782,"url":24,"identifiers":783},"10.1016\u002Fj.reprotox.2009.09.004",{"doi":782},{"id":24,"text":785,"url":24,"identifiers":786},"10.1095\u002Fbiolreprod.106.052241",{"doi":785},{"id":24,"text":788,"url":24,"identifiers":789},"10.1002\u002Ftera.1420410102",{"doi":788},{"id":24,"text":791,"url":24,"identifiers":792},"10.1016\u002FS1043661802001718",{"doi":791},{"id":24,"text":794,"url":24,"identifiers":795},"10.1590\u002FS1806-11172003000100005",{"doi":794},{"id":24,"text":797,"url":24,"identifiers":798},"Russel LD, 1990, Histological and Histopathological Evaluation of the Testis, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":800,"url":24,"identifiers":801},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1096-9926(199903)59:3\u003C156::AID-TERA7>3.0.CO;2-B",{"doi":800},{"id":24,"text":803,"url":24,"identifiers":804},"10.1016\u002Fj.reprotox.2005.08.003",{"doi":803},{"id":24,"text":806,"url":24,"identifiers":807},"10.1051\u002Frnd:2006001",{"doi":806},{"id":24,"text":809,"url":24,"identifiers":810},"SlineyDH PattersonRM.2010.Guidelines for Exposure to Sub‐radiofrequency Electric and Magnetic Felds;http:\u002F\u002Fwww.irpa.net\u002Firpa8\u002Fcdrom\u002Fvol.1\u002Fm1_228.pdf[23.02.2010]925–928.",{},{"id":24,"text":812,"url":24,"identifiers":813},"10.1007\u002Fs00066-008-1898-z",{"doi":812},{"id":24,"text":815,"url":24,"identifiers":816},"10.1002\u002F(SICI)1521-186X(200001)21:1\u003C19::AID-BEM4>3.0.CO;2-1",{"doi":815},{"id":24,"text":818,"url":24,"identifiers":819},"10.1002\u002Fjat.1584",{"doi":818},{"id":24,"text":821,"url":24,"identifiers":822},"10.1053\u002Fj.ctep.2007.09.006",{"doi":821},{"id":24,"text":824,"url":24,"identifiers":825},"10.1007\u002Fs00420-005-0011-5",{"doi":824},{"id":827,"createTime":828,"updateTime":829,"relativeEntities":830,"slug":831,"properties":832,"entityType":109,"verifyStatus":110,"verifyTime":828,"verifyNote":111,"languages":848,"translateLanguages":849,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":850,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":851,"publicationType":151,"publisherRelationship":869,"citationCount":914,"citationInfo":915,"publishDate":919,"publishYear":916,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":920,"openAccess":24,"references":921,"isForceReanalyzing":244},"f36b057e-de05-46ff-8b10-40118db8baf3","2024-11-28T19:11:04.716+00:00","2025-02-07T00:52:55.242+00:00",[],"Respiration-of-F344-rats-in-nose-only-inhalation-exposure-tubes",{"mag":833,"keywords":835,"openalex":836,"abstract":838,"title":841,"pm":844,"doi":846},{"VOID":834},"1991973384",{"VI":257},{"VOID":837},"W1991973384",{"EN":839,"VI":840},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The respiration of naive F344 rats confined in nose‐only inhalation exposure tubes was measured to obtain data for normal adult rats of different ages and to evaluate the tubes for exposures lasting several hours. Exposure tubes were modified for use as volume‐displacement plethysmographs. Respiration of 10 male and 10 female rats at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age was measured in the tubes during simulated exposures of up to 6 h duration. Measurements included respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute volume and body surface temperature. The mean respiratory frequencies of 3, 6, 12 and 24 month old rats during the first hour of exposure were 172, 152, 123 and 136 breaths min\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>, respectively. Minute volumes were 1.40, 089, 0.67 and 0.82 ml g\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> body weight, respectively. Both frequency and minute volume g\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> body weight were significantly greater for the youngest group, declined with age to 12 months and then increased at 24 months. Minute volumes g\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> body weight were similar for males and females. Minute volume and respiratory frequency of 3 and 12 month old rats declined progressively between 1 and 6 h of confinement in the tubes. Surface temperature did not increase after the first hour. The age and sex‐specific data provide a basis for predicting respiration of naive tube‐confined rats during inhalation exposures to non‐irritating materials.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>Tóm tắt\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Hô hấp của chuột F344 chưa được huấn luyện trong các ống phơi nhiễm hít chỉ mũi đã được đo để thu thập dữ liệu cho chuột trưởng thành bình thường ở các độ tuổi khác nhau và để đánh giá các ống cho các cuộc phơi nhiễm kéo dài trong vài giờ. Các ống phơi nhiễm đã được điều chỉnh để sử dụng như các plethysmographs phân khối thể tích. Hô hấp của 10 con chuột đực và 10 con chuột cái ở độ tuổi 3, 6, 12 và 24 tháng đã được đo trong các ống trong các lần phơi nhiễm giả lập kéo dài đến 6 giờ. Các phép đo bao gồm tần số hô hấp, thể tích khí lưu thông, thể tích một phút và nhiệt độ bề mặt cơ thể. Tần số hô hấp trung bình của các con chuột ở độ tuổi 3, 6, 12 và 24 tháng trong giờ đầu tiên của cuộc phơi nhiễm lần lượt là 172, 152, 123 và 136 nhịp thở phút\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>. Thể tích một phút lần lượt là 1,40, 0,89, 0,67 và 0,82 ml g\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> trọng lượng cơ thể. Cả tần suất và thể tích một phút g\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> trọng lượng cơ thể đều lớn hơn đáng kể đối với nhóm trẻ nhất, giảm theo độ tuổi đến 12 tháng và sau đó tăng lên ở 24 tháng. Thể tích một phút g\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> trọng lượng cơ thể tương tự nhau ở cả con đực và con cái. Thể tích một phút và tần số hô hấp của chuột 3 và 12 tháng đã giảm dần giữa 1 và 6 giờ nhốt trong các ống. Nhiệt độ bề mặt không tăng lên sau giờ đầu tiên. Dữ liệu theo độ tuổi và giới tính cụ thể cung cấp cơ sở để dự đoán hô hấp của chuột chưa được huấn luyện trong ống khi tiếp xúc với các chất không kích ứng.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":842,"VI":843},"Respiration of F344 rats in nose‐only inhalation exposure tubes","Hô hấp của chuột F344 trong ống phơi nhiễm hít chỉ mũi",{"VOID":845},"3958425",{"VOID":847},"10.1002\u002Fjat.2550060106",[113],[272],"https:\u002F\u002Fanalyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1002\u002Fjat.2550060106",[852],{"id":853,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":854,"affiliations":855,"properties":864,"displayName":866,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"6de7c5e6-36d6-4109-9ed1-5746d963bf5f",[],[856],{"id":857,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":858,"properties":24},"6b099813-47f9-4060-b4ba-09bf69778773",{"id":857,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":859,"slug":24,"properties":860,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":863,"statistic":24},[],{"title":861},{"VI":862},"Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute. P.O. Box 5890, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA",[],{"title":865,"openalex":867},{"EN":866},"Joe L. Mauderly",{"VOID":868},"A5004521596",{"url":24,"publisher":870,"properties":908},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":871,"slug":10,"properties":872,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":877,"manageAffiliations":882,"indexDatabases":893,"url":83,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":873,"eissn":874,"issn":875,"title":876},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[878],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":879,"label":880,"description":881,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},[883,888],{"id":35,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":884,"slug":24,"properties":885,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":887,"statistic":24},[],{"title":886},{"EN":39},[],{"id":42,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":889,"slug":24,"properties":890,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":892,"statistic":24},[],{"title":891},{"EN":46},[],[894,901],{"id":50,"indexDatabase":895,"url":61,"indexYears":62,"academicFieldIds":900,"indexDatabaseRanking":65},{"id":52,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":896,"label":897,"description":898,"key":58,"publicationTags":899,"standard":24},[],{"EN":55,"VI":55},{"EN":55,"VI":57},[60],[64],{"id":67,"indexDatabase":902,"url":80,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":907,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":69,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":903,"label":904,"description":905,"key":76,"publicationTags":906,"standard":24},[],{"EN":72,"VI":72},{"EN":74,"VI":75},[78,79],[82],{"issue":909,"pages":910,"volume":912},{"VOID":354},{"VOID":911},"25-30",{"VOID":913},"6",109,{"total":914,"publishYear":916,"statisticByYear":917},1986,{"2013":202,"2014":918,"2015":918,"2017":202,"2018":601,"2019":601,"2020":601,"2021":203,"2022":202,"2024":202},6,"1986-02-01",[65,78],[922,925,928,931,934,937,940,943,946,949,952,955,958,961,964,967,970,973,976],{"id":24,"text":923,"url":24,"identifiers":924},"10.1097\u002F00004032-196412000-00027",{"doi":923},{"id":24,"text":926,"url":24,"identifiers":927},"10.2307\u002F3573417",{"doi":926},{"id":24,"text":929,"url":24,"identifiers":930},"10.1258\u002F002367781780959125",{"doi":929},{"id":24,"text":932,"url":24,"identifiers":933},"Decker J. R., 1976, Automated rodent respiratory monitor and histogram computer – a preliminary report, ISA Trans., 15, 161",{},{"id":24,"text":935,"url":24,"identifiers":936},"10.1016\u002F0041-008X(82)90228-9",{"doi":935},{"id":24,"text":938,"url":24,"identifiers":939},"10.1016\u002F0378-4274(82)90125-4",{"doi":938},{"id":24,"text":941,"url":24,"identifiers":942},"R. G.ThomasandB. N.Morgan The effects of age weight strain and anethesia upon the breathing patterns of rats. Matrix XX 13–18(1969).",{},{"id":24,"text":944,"url":24,"identifiers":945},"10.1016\u002F0041-008X(83)90046-7",{"doi":944},{"id":24,"text":947,"url":24,"identifiers":948},"10.1016\u002F0041-008X(73)90261-5",{"doi":947},{"id":24,"text":950,"url":24,"identifiers":951},"10.1152\u002Fjappl.1964.19.2.360",{"doi":950},{"id":24,"text":953,"url":24,"identifiers":954},"10.1152\u002Fjappl.1967.22.3.453",{"doi":953},{"id":24,"text":956,"url":24,"identifiers":957},"M. A.Medinsky J. S.Dutcher J. A.Bond R. F.Henderson J. L.Mauderly M. B.Snipes J. A.MewhinneyandY. S.Cheng Uptake and excretion of 14‐C‐methyl bromide and influenced by exposure concentration.Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.(In press).",{},{"id":24,"text":959,"url":24,"identifiers":960},"10.1152\u002Fajplegacy.1947.150.1.70",{"doi":959},{"id":24,"text":962,"url":24,"identifiers":963},"Mauderly J. L., 1981, Handbook of Aging Physiology, 197",{},{"id":24,"text":965,"url":24,"identifiers":966},"10.1139\u002Fy64-022",{"doi":965},{"id":24,"text":968,"url":24,"identifiers":969},"10.1080\u002F03610738208258392",{"doi":968},{"id":24,"text":971,"url":24,"identifiers":972},"Mauderly J. L., 1982, Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine, Vol. 26: Respiratory System, 35",{},{"id":24,"text":974,"url":24,"identifiers":975},"Mauderly J. L., 1984, Effect of age on respiratory function of adult rats, Fed. Proc., 43, 833",{},{"id":24,"text":977,"url":24,"identifiers":978},"10.1016\u002F0041-008X(81)90368-9",{"doi":977},{"id":980,"createTime":981,"updateTime":982,"relativeEntities":983,"slug":984,"properties":985,"entityType":109,"verifyStatus":110,"verifyTime":981,"verifyNote":111,"languages":1001,"translateLanguages":1002,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1003,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1004,"publicationType":151,"publisherRelationship":1022,"citationCount":1066,"citationInfo":1067,"publishDate":1069,"publishYear":200,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1070,"openAccess":24,"references":1071,"isForceReanalyzing":244},"5f5b12bd-d7c4-4073-9e57-39b5916d6edc","2024-11-28T19:11:12.267+00:00","2025-02-07T00:51:56.867+00:00",[],"Validation-of-an-improved-nose-only-exposure-system-for-rodents",{"mag":986,"keywords":988,"openalex":989,"abstract":991,"title":994,"pm":997,"doi":999},{"VOID":987},"2022508295",{"VI":257},{"VOID":990},"W2022508295",{"EN":992,"VI":993},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Several types and modifications of nose‐only inhalation chambers for exposing rodents are described. The improvement of this ‘flow‐past’ ‐like nose‐only exposure system is that it is modular, i.e. it can be used for acute studies with a maximum of 20 rodents (one segment) or for chronic inhalation studies with 100 (or more) rodents per chamber with five (or more) segments. Another goal was to design a nose‐only exposure system that provides maximal computer support and automatization, as well as robust aerosol collection conditions. The evaluation of the five‐segment chamber, charged with 98 rats, revealed that a flow rate of 0.75 I air min\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> or approximately 2.5 times the rat minute ventilation volume per exposure port is sufficient to provide homogeneous temporal and spatial exposure conditions. Also, the aerosol size distribution was constant throughout the chamber. Experimental data suggest that computer‐controlled sampling of the test atmosphere up to ca. 6 I air min\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> did not alter the flow dynamics of the exposure system. The nose‐only inhalation chamber developed is suitable for short‐term and long‐term inhalation toxicity studies using small laboratory rodents with minimal consumption of test compound.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>Tóm tắt\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Nhiều loại và biến thể của buồng hít chỉ mũi cho việc phơi nhiễm động vật gặm nhấm đã được mô tả. Cải tiến của hệ thống phơi nhiễm chỉ mũi giống như 'chảy qua' này là nó có thể tháo rời, tức là nó có thể được sử dụng cho các nghiên cứu cấp tính với tối đa 20 con động vật gặm nhấm (một đoạn) hoặc cho các nghiên cứu hít thở mãn tính với 100 (hoặc nhiều hơn) động vật gặm nhấm trong mỗi buồng với năm (hoặc nhiều hơn) đoạn. Một mục tiêu khác là thiết kế một hệ thống phơi nhiễm chỉ mũi cung cấp hỗ trợ tối đa từ máy tính và tự động hóa, cũng như điều kiện thu thập aerosol chắc chắn. Việc đánh giá buồng năm đoạn, đã tiếp nhận 98 con chuột, cho thấy rằng tốc độ dòng chảy 0,75 I không khí phút\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> hoặc khoảng 2,5 lần khối lượng thông khí phút của chuột cho mỗi cổng phơi nhiễm là đủ để cung cấp điều kiện phơi nhiễm đồng nhất về thời gian và không gian. Ngoài ra, phân bố kích thước aerosol giữ nguyên trong toàn bộ buồng. Dữ liệu thực nghiệm cho thấy rằng việc thu thập mẫu không khí thử nghiệm được máy tính điều khiển lên đến khoảng 6 I không khí phút\u003Cjats:sup>−1\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> không làm thay đổi động lực dòng chảy của hệ thống phơi nhiễm. Buồng hít chỉ mũi được phát triển phù hợp cho các nghiên cứu độc tính hít thở ngắn hạn và dài hạn đối với các động vật gặm nhấm nhỏ trong phòng thí nghiệm với mức tiêu thụ chất thử nghiệm tối thiểu.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":995,"VI":996},"Validation of an improved nose‐only exposure system for rodents","Xác minh hệ thống phơi nhiễm mũi chỉ dành cho động vật gặm nhấm đã được cải thiện",{"VOID":998},"8157871",{"VOID":1000},"10.1002\u002Fjat.2550140111",[113],[272],"https:\u002F\u002Fanalyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1002\u002Fjat.2550140111",[1005],{"id":1006,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1007,"affiliations":1008,"properties":1017,"displayName":1019,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"5fd3c79f-7180-4f7d-9367-3217888c67c5",[],[1009],{"id":1010,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1011,"properties":24},"17bb62b8-827d-49f7-9d86-dabcdd438399",{"id":1010,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1012,"slug":24,"properties":1013,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1016,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1014},{"EN":1015},"Bayer AG, Department of Toxicology, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany",[],{"title":1018,"openalex":1020},{"EN":1019},"J. Pauluhn",{"VOID":1021},"A5110217701",{"url":24,"publisher":1023,"properties":1061},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1024,"slug":10,"properties":1025,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1030,"manageAffiliations":1035,"indexDatabases":1046,"url":83,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1026,"eissn":1027,"issn":1028,"title":1029},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1031],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1032,"label":1033,"description":1034,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},[1036,1041],{"id":35,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1037,"slug":24,"properties":1038,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1040,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1039},{"EN":39},[],{"id":42,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1042,"slug":24,"properties":1043,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1045,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1044},{"EN":46},[],[1047,1054],{"id":50,"indexDatabase":1048,"url":61,"indexYears":62,"academicFieldIds":1053,"indexDatabaseRanking":65},{"id":52,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1049,"label":1050,"description":1051,"key":58,"publicationTags":1052,"standard":24},[],{"EN":55,"VI":55},{"EN":55,"VI":57},[60],[64],{"id":67,"indexDatabase":1055,"url":80,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1060,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":69,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1056,"label":1057,"description":1058,"key":76,"publicationTags":1059,"standard":24},[],{"EN":72,"VI":72},{"EN":74,"VI":75},[78,79],[82],{"issue":1062,"pages":1063,"volume":1065},{"VOID":354},{"VOID":1064},"55-62",{"VOID":197},68,{"total":1066,"publishYear":200,"statisticByYear":1068},{"2012":202,"2013":601,"2014":638,"2015":601,"2016":135,"2017":135,"2019":135,"2020":135,"2023":135},"1994-01-01",[65,78],[1072,1075,1078,1081,1084,1087,1090,1094,1097,1100,1103,1106,1110,1114,1117,1120,1123,1126,1129,1132,1135,1138,1141,1144,1147,1150,1152],{"id":24,"text":1073,"url":24,"identifiers":1074},"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Subchronic inhalation toxicity: 90‐day study OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 413 adopted 12 May1981.",{},{"id":24,"text":1076,"url":24,"identifiers":1077},"US Environmental Protection Agency Pesticide assessment guidelines. Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Guideline subdivision F no. 82–4 Subchronic inhalation toxicity hazard evaluation; human and domestic animals(Revised). NTIS Report PB86‐108958 Washington DC (1986).",{},{"id":24,"text":1079,"url":24,"identifiers":1080},"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).GLP Publication of the German Version of the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice Bundesanzeiger [federal law gazette] 35 No. 42a dated March 2 1983.",{},{"id":24,"text":1082,"url":24,"identifiers":1083},"US Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency 40 CFR Part 160 Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Good Laboratory Practice Standards Final Rule Thursday 17 August1989.",{},{"id":24,"text":1085,"url":24,"identifiers":1086},"10.1080\u002F15298668391405959",{"doi":1085},{"id":24,"text":1088,"url":24,"identifiers":1089},"R. F.Phalen M. T.Kleinman W. J.MautzandR. T.Drew Inhalation exposure methodology.IPCS\u002FGerman\u002FILSI\u002F IUTOX International Symposium on Respiratory Toxicology and Risk Assessment Hanover Germany 6–9 October1992.",{},{"id":24,"text":1091,"url":24,"identifiers":1092},"Phalen R. F., 1984, Inhalation exposure methodology, Environ. Health Perspect., 56, 23, 10.1289\u002Fehp.845623",{"doi":1093},"10.1289\u002Fehp.845623",{"id":24,"text":1095,"url":24,"identifiers":1096},"10.2307\u002F3428580",{"doi":1095},{"id":24,"text":1098,"url":24,"identifiers":1099},"Phalen R. F., 1984, Inhalation Studies: Foundations and Techniques, 123",{},{"id":24,"text":1101,"url":24,"identifiers":1102},"Pauluhn J., 1984, Problems of Inhalatory Toxicity Studies, 59",{},{"id":24,"text":1104,"url":24,"identifiers":1105},"EC‐Guideline 86\u002F609, 1986, Guidelines concerning the protection of animals used for studies and other scientific purposes, Journal of the European Community – Legal Specifications L, 358, 29",{},{"id":24,"text":1107,"url":24,"identifiers":1108},"Pauluhn J., 1988, Inhalation Toxicology — The Design and Interpretation of Inhalation Studies and Their Use in Risk Assessment, 87, 10.1007\u002F978-3-642-61355-5_6",{"doi":1109},"10.1007\u002F978-3-642-61355-5_6",{"id":24,"text":1111,"url":24,"identifiers":1112},"Tillery M. I., 1976, Generation and characterization of aerosols and vapors for inhalation experiments, Environ. Health Perspect., 16, 25, 10.1289\u002Fehp.761625",{"doi":1113},"10.1289\u002Fehp.761625",{"id":24,"text":1115,"url":24,"identifiers":1116},"McFarland H. N., 1976, Respiratory Toxicology — Essays in Toxicology, 121",{},{"id":24,"text":1118,"url":24,"identifiers":1119},"Greenspan L., 1977, Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions, J. Res. Ntl. Bur. stand., 81",{},{"id":24,"text":1121,"url":24,"identifiers":1122},"ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) Air Sampling Instruments for Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants 5th Edn ACGIH section I: Calibration of Air Sampling Instruments and section F: Aerosol Sampling for Particle Size Analysis (1978).",{},{"id":24,"text":1124,"url":24,"identifiers":1125},"Raabe O. G., 1982, Mechanisms in Respiratory Toxicology, 27",{},{"id":24,"text":1127,"url":24,"identifiers":1128},"10.3109\u002F10408448909017909",{"doi":1127},{"id":24,"text":1130,"url":24,"identifiers":1131},"10.1016\u002F0272-0590(92)90130-A",{"doi":1130},{"id":24,"text":1133,"url":24,"identifiers":1134},"Remiarz R. J., 1983, Aerosols in the Mining and Industrial Work Environments, 879",{},{"id":24,"text":1136,"url":24,"identifiers":1137},"10.1080\u002F15287397709529614",{"doi":1136},{"id":24,"text":1139,"url":24,"identifiers":1140},"Raabe O. G., 1970, Inhalation Carcinogenesis, 123",{},{"id":24,"text":1142,"url":24,"identifiers":1143},"Marple V. A., 1980, Generation of Aerosols and Facilities for Exposure Experiments, 3",{},{"id":24,"text":1145,"url":24,"identifiers":1146},"10.1002\u002Fjat.2550080208",{"doi":1145},{"id":24,"text":1148,"url":24,"identifiers":1149},"Cheng Y.‐S., 1989, Concepts in Inhalation Toxicology, 49",{},{"id":24,"text":847,"url":24,"identifiers":1151},{"doi":847},{"id":24,"text":1153,"url":24,"identifiers":1154},"The United States Pharmacopeia 22nd ed. (601) Aerosols\u002FPhysical Tests and Determinations USP XXXII Suppl. 7 NF XVII pp.3122–3129 released September 15 1992.",{},{"id":1156,"createTime":1157,"updateTime":1158,"relativeEntities":1159,"slug":1160,"properties":1161,"entityType":109,"verifyStatus":110,"verifyTime":1157,"verifyNote":111,"languages":1177,"translateLanguages":1178,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1179,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1180,"publicationType":151,"publisherRelationship":1215,"citationCount":1260,"citationInfo":1261,"publishDate":1269,"publishYear":1262,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1270,"openAccess":24,"references":1271,"isForceReanalyzing":244},"e10f358e-b52a-4b2d-a92d-195605d7c645","2024-11-29T12:34:40.908+00:00","2025-02-07T00:50:59.341+00:00",[],"The-toxicology-of-chromium-with-respect-to-its-chemical-speciation-A-review",{"mag":1162,"keywords":1164,"openalex":1165,"abstract":1167,"title":1170,"pm":1173,"doi":1175},{"VOID":1163},"2041164185",{"VI":257},{"VOID":1166},"W2041164185",{"EN":1168,"VI":1169},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The properties of trivalent and hexavalent chromium are reviewed with respect to acute and chronic oral toxicity, dermal toxicity, systemic toxicity, toxicokinetics, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The hexavalent chromium compounds appear to be 10–100 times more toxic than the trivalent chromium compounds when both are administered by the oral route. Dermal irritancy and allergy are more frequently caused by contact with soluble hexavalent chromium compounds. The cytotoxicity of soluble and insoluble hexavalent chromium compounds to fibroblasts is 100‐1000 times greater than that demonstrated by trivalent chromium compounds. In short‐term tests, the hexavalent chromium compounds demonstrated genotoxic effects four times more frequently than did the trivalent chromium compounds. Carcinogenicity appears to be associated with the inhalation of the less soluble\u002Finsoluble hexavalent chromium compounds. The toxicology of chromium does not reside with the elemental form. It varies greatly among a wide variety of very different chromium compounds. Oxidation state and solubility are particularly important factors in considering the toxicity of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>Tóm tắt\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Các tính chất của crom hóa trị ba và hóa trị sáu được xem xét liên quan đến độc tính miệng cấp tính và mãn tính, độc tính da, độc tính hệ thống, độc tính học, độc tính tế bào, độc tính di truyền và khả năng gây ung thư. Các hợp chất crom hóa trị sáu có vẻ độc hơn 10–100 lần so với các hợp chất crom hóa trị ba khi cả hai được sử dụng qua đường miệng. Tình trạng kích ứng da và dị ứng thường xảy ra hơn khi tiếp xúc với các hợp chất crom hóa trị sáu tan. Độc tính tế bào của các hợp chất crom hóa trị sáu tan và không tan đối với tế bào sợi cao hơn từ 100‐1000 lần so với các hợp chất crom hóa trị ba. Trong các bài kiểm tra ngắn hạn, các hợp chất crom hóa trị sáu thể hiện tác động di truyền thường xuyên gấp bốn lần so với các hợp chất crom hóa trị ba. Khả năng gây ung thư dường như liên quan đến việc hít phải các hợp chất crom hóa trị sáu kém tan\u002Fkhông tan. Độc tính học của crom không phụ thuộc vào dạng nguyên tố của nó. Nó thay đổi đáng kể giữa một loạt các hợp chất crom rất khác nhau. Trạng thái oxy hóa và độ tan đặc biệt là những yếu tố quan trọng trong việc xem xét độc tính của crom liên quan đến sự phân loại hóa học của nó.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1171,"VI":1172},"The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: A review","Độc tính của crom liên quan đến đặc điểm hóa học của nó: Một đánh giá",{"VOID":1174},"8326093",{"VOID":1176},"10.1002\u002Fjat.2550130314",[113],[272],"https:\u002F\u002Fanalyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1002\u002Fjat.2550130314",[1181,1198],{"id":1182,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1183,"affiliations":1184,"properties":1193,"displayName":1195,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"84259d83-de45-4729-b261-1015f24fe537",[],[1185],{"id":1186,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1187,"properties":24},"61a71c42-97c6-4f26-9147-113bc701d941",{"id":1186,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1188,"slug":24,"properties":1189,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1192,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1190},{"EN":1191},"Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102-1205, USA",[],{"title":1194,"openalex":1196},{"EN":1195},"Sidney Katz",{"VOID":1197},"A5111719232",{"id":1199,"sortIndex":135,"researcher":24,"roles":1200,"affiliations":1201,"properties":1210,"displayName":1212,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"fe2f10bd-25e9-46f8-b651-46d0c60a8557",[],[1202],{"id":1203,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1204,"properties":24},"393afb42-72d2-4fea-98cb-a2659247b897",{"id":1203,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1205,"slug":24,"properties":1206,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1209,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1207},{"EN":1208},"Chemical Research Development, and Engineering Centre, Toxicology Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5423, USA",[],{"title":1211,"openalex":1213},{"EN":1212},"Harry Salem",{"VOID":1214},"A5112076742",{"url":24,"publisher":1216,"properties":1254},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1217,"slug":10,"properties":1218,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1223,"manageAffiliations":1228,"indexDatabases":1239,"url":83,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1219,"eissn":1220,"issn":1221,"title":1222},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1224],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1225,"label":1226,"description":1227,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},[1229,1234],{"id":35,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1230,"slug":24,"properties":1231,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1233,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1232},{"EN":39},[],{"id":42,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1235,"slug":24,"properties":1236,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1238,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1237},{"EN":46},[],[1240,1247],{"id":50,"indexDatabase":1241,"url":61,"indexYears":62,"academicFieldIds":1246,"indexDatabaseRanking":65},{"id":52,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1242,"label":1243,"description":1244,"key":58,"publicationTags":1245,"standard":24},[],{"EN":55,"VI":55},{"EN":55,"VI":57},[60],[64],{"id":67,"indexDatabase":1248,"url":80,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1253,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":69,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1249,"label":1250,"description":1251,"key":76,"publicationTags":1252,"standard":24},[],{"EN":72,"VI":72},{"EN":74,"VI":75},[78,79],[82],{"issue":1255,"pages":1256,"volume":1258},{"VOID":701},{"VOID":1257},"217-224",{"VOID":1259},"13",568,{"total":1260,"publishYear":1262,"statisticByYear":1263},1993,{"2012":1264,"2013":365,"2014":1265,"2015":1266,"2016":1266,"2017":367,"2018":1267,"2019":1264,"2020":1268,"2021":366,"2022":367,"2023":367,"2024":363},25,21,38,52,37,"1993-05-01",[65,78],[1272,1275,1278,1281,1284,1287,1290,1293,1296,1299,1302,1305,1308,1311,1314,1317,1320,1323,1326,1329,1332,1335,1338,1341,1344,1347,1350,1353,1356,1359,1362,1365,1368,1371,1375,1378,1381,1384,1387,1390,1393,1396,1399,1402,1405,1408,1411,1414,1417,1421,1424,1427,1430,1433,1436,1439,1442,1445,1448,1451,1454,1457,1460,1463,1466,1469,1472,1475,1478,1481,1484,1487,1490,1493,1496,1499,1503,1506,1509,1512,1515,1518,1521,1524],{"id":24,"text":1273,"url":24,"identifiers":1274},"10.1002\u002Ftcm.1770050507",{"doi":1273},{"id":24,"text":1276,"url":24,"identifiers":1277},"Levy L. 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Dermatol., 94, 304, 10.1001\u002Farchderm.1966.01600270054010",{"doi":1374},"10.1001\u002Farchderm.1966.01600270054010",{"id":24,"text":1376,"url":24,"identifiers":1377},"Valer M., 1971, Investivation concerning the sensitizing effect of trivalent chromium salts, Berufs‐Dermatosen, 6, 302",{},{"id":24,"text":1379,"url":24,"identifiers":1380},"10.1177\u002F096032719101000315",{"doi":1379},{"id":24,"text":1382,"url":24,"identifiers":1383},"10.1177\u002F096032719101000207",{"doi":1382},{"id":24,"text":1385,"url":24,"identifiers":1386},"10.1159\u002F000181540",{"doi":1385},{"id":24,"text":1388,"url":24,"identifiers":1389},"10.1093\u002Fjat\u002F12.3.162",{"doi":1388},{"id":24,"text":1391,"url":24,"identifiers":1392},"10.1007\u002FBF00398817",{"doi":1391},{"id":24,"text":1394,"url":24,"identifiers":1395},"10.3109\u002F15563658209025729",{"doi":1394},{"id":24,"text":1397,"url":24,"identifiers":1398},"10.1016\u002F0041-008X(81)90111-3",{"doi":1397},{"id":24,"text":1400,"url":24,"identifiers":1401},"10.1016\u002F0300-483X(77)90023-3",{"doi":1400},{"id":24,"text":1403,"url":24,"identifiers":1404},"10.1016\u002F0041-008X(86)90384-4",{"doi":1403},{"id":24,"text":1406,"url":24,"identifiers":1407},"10.1007\u002FBF01973713",{"doi":1406},{"id":24,"text":1409,"url":24,"identifiers":1410},"10.1093\u002Fannhyg\u002F27.3.315",{"doi":1409},{"id":24,"text":1412,"url":24,"identifiers":1413},"10.1016\u002F0048-9697(89)90193-9",{"doi":1412},{"id":24,"text":1415,"url":24,"identifiers":1416},"10.1152\u002Fajplegacy.1965.209.4.731",{"doi":1415},{"id":24,"text":1418,"url":24,"identifiers":1419},"Mertz W., 1965, Biological activity and fate of trace quantities of intravenous chromium(III) in the rat, Am. 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First European Meeting on Environmental Hygiene pp.111–116(1988).",{"doi":1502},"10.1007\u002F978-3-642-73766-4_24",{"id":24,"text":1504,"url":24,"identifiers":1505},"Hueper W. C., 1961, Environmental carcinogens and cancers, Cancer Res., 21, 824",{},{"id":24,"text":1507,"url":24,"identifiers":1508},"10.1080\u002F00039896.1962.10663311",{"doi":1507},{"id":24,"text":1510,"url":24,"identifiers":1511},"10.1093\u002Fjn\u002F83.3.239",{"doi":1510},{"id":24,"text":1513,"url":24,"identifiers":1514},"10.1038\u002Fbjc.1975.201",{"doi":1513},{"id":24,"text":1516,"url":24,"identifiers":1517},"Laskin S., 1970, Inhalation Carcinogenesis",{},{"id":24,"text":1519,"url":24,"identifiers":1520},"Nettesheim P., 1971, Effect of calcium chromate dust, influenza virus, and 100 R whole body X‐radiation on lung tumor incidence in mice, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 47, 1129",{},{"id":24,"text":1522,"url":24,"identifiers":1523},"Laskin S., 1972, Research in Environmental Sciences, 92",{},{"id":24,"text":1525,"url":24,"identifiers":1526},"Sixth Annual Report on Carcinogens Summary 1991 pp.52–53. US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Washington DC (1991).",{},{"id":1528,"createTime":1529,"updateTime":1530,"relativeEntities":1531,"slug":1532,"properties":1533,"entityType":109,"verifyStatus":110,"verifyTime":1529,"verifyNote":111,"languages":1549,"translateLanguages":1550,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1551,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1552,"publicationType":151,"publisherRelationship":1650,"citationCount":1695,"citationInfo":1696,"publishDate":1698,"publishYear":708,"citationAnalyzeStatus":1699,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1700,"openAccess":24,"references":1701,"isForceReanalyzing":244},"64dc27b7-b0e0-4bed-8010-8cc0345c89e4","2024-11-25T16:09:48.429+00:00","2025-02-07T00:50:03.238+00:00",[],"-i-N-i-acetyl-cysteine-protects-chicken-growth-plate-chondrocytes-from-T-2-toxin-induced-oxidative-stress",{"mag":1534,"keywords":1536,"openalex":1537,"abstract":1539,"title":1542,"pm":1545,"doi":1547},{"VOID":1535},"1817376164",{"VI":257},{"VOID":1538},"W1817376164",{"EN":1540,"VI":1541},"\u003Cjats:title>ABSTRACT\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>T‐2 toxin is now considered to be related to bone malformation such as incomplete ossification, absence of bones and fused bones. In this study, primary cultures of chicken tibial growth plate chondrocytes (GPCs) were treated with various concentrations of T‐2 toxin (5, 50, and 500 n \u003Cjats:sc>m\u003C\u002Fjats:sc>) in the absence and presence of \u003Cjats:italic>N\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC) to investigate the effects of the antioxidant NAC on T‐2 toxin‐induced toxicity. Our results showed that T‐2 toxin markedly decreased cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and glutathione content (\u003Cjats:italic>P\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.05). In addition, T‐2 toxin significantly increased reactive oxygen species levels and malondialdehyde in a dose‐dependent manner. However, the T‐2 toxin‐induced cytotoxicity was reversed, in part, by the antioxidant NAC (\u003Cjats:italic>P\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.05). These results suggest that T‐2 toxin inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of GPCs \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> by altering cellular homeostasis and NAC can protect GPCs against T‐2 toxin cytotoxicity by reducing the T‐2 toxin‐induced oxidative stress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>TÓM TẮT\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Toxin T‐2 hiện nay được coi là liên quan đến các dị dạng xương như ossification không hoàn chỉnh, mất xương và xương bị dính. Trong nghiên cứu này, các nuôi cấy nguyên bào sụn từ đĩa tăng trưởng xương chày của gà (GPC) đã được điều trị với các nồng độ khác nhau của toxin T‐2 (5, 50 và 500 n \u003Cjats:sc>m\u003C\u002Fjats:sc>) trong cả điều kiện có và không có \u003Cjats:italic>N\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC) để điều tra tác động của NAC, một chất chống oxy hóa, lên độc tính gây ra bởi toxin T‐2. Kết quả cho thấy toxin T‐2 làm giảm đáng kể khả năng sống sót của tế bào, hoạt động của phosphatase kiềm và hàm lượng glutathione (\u003Cjats:italic>P\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.05). Ngoài ra, toxin T‐2 làm gia tăng đáng kể mức độ các chất phản ứng oxy và malondialdehyde theo liều lượng. Tuy nhiên, độc tính do toxin T‐2 gây ra đã được làm đảo ngược một phần nhờ NAC (\u003Cjats:italic>P\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> < 0.05). Những kết quả này cho thấy toxin T‐2 ức chế sự phát triển và biệt hóa của GPC \u003Cjats:italic>trong ống nghiệm\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> bằng cách làm biến đổi cân bằng nội môi của tế bào và NAC có thể bảo vệ GPC chống lại độc tính do toxin T‐2 gây ra bằng cách giảm stress oxy hóa do toxin T‐2 gây ra. Bản quyền © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1543,"VI":1544},"\u003Ci>N\u003C\u002Fi>‐acetyl‐cysteine protects chicken growth plate chondrocytes from T‐2 toxin‐induced oxidative stress","\u003Ci>N\u003C\u002Fi>‐acetyl‐cysteine bảo vệ tế bào sụn tăng trưởng của gà khỏi sự stress oxy hóa do toxin T‐2 gây ra",{"VOID":1546},"21796648",{"VOID":1548},"10.1002\u002Fjat.1697",[113],[272],"https:\u002F\u002Fanalyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1002\u002Fjat.1697",[1553,1570,1601,1616,1633],{"id":1554,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1555,"affiliations":1556,"properties":1565,"displayName":1567,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"349a7664-d8ff-47c9-90dd-9e071d83d03b",[],[1557],{"id":1558,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1559,"properties":24},"63b4e11b-9d23-49db-a107-f579acf88372",{"id":1558,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1560,"slug":24,"properties":1561,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1564,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1562},{"VI":1563},"College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China",[],{"title":1566,"openalex":1568},{"EN":1567},"S 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BR, 1988, Correlation between loss of alkaline phosphatase activity and accumulation of calcium during matrix vesicle‐mediated mineralization, J. 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A cross‐sectional cohort study was conducted to investigate any associations between: (1) HAP metrics (mass concentration of particulate matter of aerodynamic size less than 2.5 μm (PM\u003Cjats:sub>2.5\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>), lung‐deposited surface area (LDSA) and carbon monoxide (CO)); (2) a range of household and socio‐demographic characteristics; and (3) lung function for women and children exposed daily to biomass cookstove emissions, in rural southern India. HAP measurements were collected inside the kitchen of 96 households, and pulmonary function tests were performed for the women and child in each enrolled household. Detailed questionnaires captured household characteristics, health histories and various socio‐demographic parameters. Simple linear and logistic regression analysis was performed to examine possible associations between the HAP metrics, lung function and all household\u002Fsocio‐demographic variables. Obstructive lung defects (forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ lower limit of normal (LLN) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV\u003Cjats:sub>1\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>)\u002FFVC < LLN) were found in 8% of mothers and 9% of children, and restrictive defects (FVC < LLN and FEV\u003Cjats:sub>1\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>\u002FFVC ≥ LLN) were found in 17% of mothers and 15% of children. A positive association between LDSA, included for the first time in this type of epidemiological study, and lung function was observed, indicating LDSA is a superior metric compared to PM\u003Cjats:sub>2.5\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> to assess effects of PM on lung function. HAP demonstrated a moderate association with subnormal lung function in children. The results emphasize the need to look beyond mass‐based PM metrics to assess fully the association between HAP and lung function.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>Tóm tắt\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Đến nay, một nửa dân số thế giới vẫn phụ thuộc vào nhiên liệu rắn để đáp ứng nhu cầu năng lượng cho việc nấu ăn và sưởi ấm, dẫn đến mức độ ô nhiễm không khí trong hộ gia đình (HAP) cao, gây ảnh hưởng xấu đến sức khỏe con người và môi trường. Một nghiên cứu theo kiểu thiết kế cắt ngang đã được tiến hành để điều tra mối liên hệ giữa: (1) các chỉ số HAP (nồng độ khối lượng của các hạt bụi có kích thước khí động học nhỏ hơn 2.5 μm (PM\u003Cjats:sub>2.5\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>), diện tích bề mặt hô hấp (LDSA) và carbon monoxide (CO)); (2) một loạt các đặc điểm hộ gia đình và xã hội - nhân khẩu; và (3) chức năng phổi ở phụ nữ và trẻ em có tiếp xúc hàng ngày với khí thải từ bếp sử dụng sinh khối, tại miền nam Ấn Độ. Các phép đo HAP được thu thập bên trong bếp của 96 hộ gia đình, và các bài kiểm tra chức năng phổi được thực hiện cho phụ nữ và trẻ em trong mỗi hộ gia đình tham gia. Các bảng hỏi chi tiết đã ghi lại các đặc điểm hộ gia đình, lịch sử sức khỏe và nhiều thông số xã hội - nhân khẩu khác nhau. Phân tích hồi quy tuyến tính đơn giản và hồi quy logistic đã được thực hiện để kiểm tra các mối liên hệ có thể có giữa các chỉ số HAP, chức năng phổi và tất cả các biến hộ gia đình\u002Fxã hội - nhân khẩu. Các khuyết tật phổi tắc nghẽn (sức công phá sống (FVC) ≥ giới hạn bình thường thấp (LLN) và thể tích thở ra cưỡng bức trong 1 giây (FEV\u003Cjats:sub>1\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>)\u002FFVC \u003C LLN) được phát hiện ở 8% số bà mẹ và 9% số trẻ em, và các khuyết tật hạn chế (FVC \u003C LLN và FEV\u003Cjats:sub>1\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>\u002FFVC ≥ LLN) được phát hiện ở 17% số bà mẹ và 15% số trẻ em. Một mối liên hệ tích cực giữa LDSA, được đưa vào lần đầu tiên trong loại nghiên cứu dịch tễ học này, và chức năng phổi đã được quan sát, cho thấy LDSA là một chỉ số vượt trội hơn so với PM\u003Cjats:sub>2.5\u003C\u002Fjats:sub> để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của PM đến chức năng phổi. HAP cho thấy mối liên hệ vừa phải với chức năng phổi dưới mức bình thường ở trẻ em. Các kết quả nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết phải xem xét ngoài các chỉ số PM dựa trên khối lượng để đánh giá đầy đủ mối quan hệ giữa HAP và chức năng phổi.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1842,"VI":1843},"Associations between household air pollution and reduced lung function in women and children in rural southern India","Mối quan hệ giữa ô nhiễm không khí trong hộ gia đình và chức năng phổi giảm ở phụ nữ và trẻ em ở miền nam Ấn 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one of the main extra‐hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, CYP1A1 has been comprehensively investigated for its ability to metabolize both exogenous and endogenous compounds into their carcinogenic derivatives. These derivatives are linked to cancer initiation and progression. The compound benzo‐a‐pyrene (BaP), a copious and noxious compound present in coal tar, automobile exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke and charbroiled food, is metabolised by CYP1A1 and has been studied in great detail. Other compounds reliant on the same enzyme for their activation include 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and heterocyclic amine, 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP). This review takes an in‐depth look at a number of phytochemicals, plant extracts and a few synthetic compounds that have been researched and deemed potential chemopreventives via their interaction with the activity and expression of CYP1A1. It will also review a useful active site model of CYP1A1. Based on inhibitors of CYP1A1 that have demonstrated \u003Cjats:italic>in vivo\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> use as chemopreventors, CYP1A1 is a useful initial target for screening compounds with such potential, with the use of rapid \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> and\u002For \u003Cjats:italic>in silico\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> assessments. Chemoprevention is a means by which healthy tissues are protected via the prevention, inhibition or reversal of carcinogenesis. This review focuses on one important pathway of carcinogenesis and identifies the important role that CYP1A1 plays in that pathway. It is hoped that highlighting the importance of such a key target, will help revive further research into and application of inhibitors of CYP1A1 towards generating improved chemopreventors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>TÓM TẮT\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p> Là một trong những enzym cytochrome P450 (CYP) chính ngoài gan, CYP1A1 đã được nghiên cứu một cách toàn diện về khả năng chuyển hóa cả hợp chất ngoại sinh và nội sinh thành các dẫn xuất gây ung thư của chúng. Các dẫn xuất này có liên quan đến việc khởi phát và tiến triển ung thư. Hợp chất benzo‐a‐pyrene (BaP), một hợp chất phong phú và độc hại có mặt trong nhựa than đá, khói thải ô tô, khói thuốc lá và thực phẩm được nướng bằng than, được CYP1A1 chuyển hóa và đã được nghiên cứu rất chi tiết. Các hợp chất khác dựa vào enzym này để kích hoạt bao gồm 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) và amin dị vòng, 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP). Bài đánh giá này đi sâu vào một số phytochemical, chiết xuất thực vật và một số hợp chất tổng hợp đã được nghiên cứu và coi là có tiềm năng phòng ngừa ung thư thông qua sự tương tác với hoạt động và biểu hiện của CYP1A1. Nó cũng sẽ xem xét một mô hình vị trí hoạt động hữu ích của CYP1A1. Dựa trên các chất ức chế CYP1A1 đã chứng minh được sử dụng \u003Cjats:italic>in vivo\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> như là các tác nhân phòng ngừa ung thư, CYP1A1 là một mục tiêu ban đầu hữu ích để sàng lọc các hợp chất có tiềm năng này, với việc sử dụng các đánh giá nhanh \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> và\u002Fhoặc \u003Cjats:italic>in silico\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. Phòng ngừa ung thư là một phương thức mà qua đó các mô khỏe mạnh được bảo vệ thông qua việc ngăn chặn, ức chế hoặc đảo ngược quá trình gây ung thư. Bài đánh giá này tập trung vào một con đường quan trọng của quá trình gây ung thư và xác định vai trò quan trọng của CYP1A1 trong con đường đó. Hy vọng rằng việc nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của một mục tiêu chính như vậy sẽ giúp hồi sinh thêm nghiên cứu và ứng dụng các chất ức chế CYP1A1 nhằm tạo ra các tác nhân phòng ngừa ung thư cải thiện.",{"EN":2287,"VI":2288},"Role of the modulation of CYP1A1 expression and activity in chemoprevention","Vai trò của điều chỉnh biểu hiện và hoạt động của CYP1A1 trong phòng ngừa ung 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Một nghiên cứu thí điểm kéo dài 4 tuần với thời gian sau khi tiếp xúc là 6 tháng đã làm cơ sở để xác thực các phương pháp mô hình động học được sử dụng để thiết kế nghiên cứu bán cấp. Các phân tích động học thực hiện trong thời gian sau tiếp xúc đã cho thấy sự giảm đi trong khả năng thanh thải hạt và viêm phổi xảy ra ở mức độ tiếp xúc tích lũy vượt quá ngưỡng quá tải phổi. Động vật đã được tiếp xúc 6 giờ mỗi ngày, năm ngày một tuần trong 13 tuần liên tiếp với nồng độ thực tế là 0, 4.7, 16.6 và 52.1 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> (đường kính trung bình động học khối lượng ≈1.3 μm, độ lệch chuẩn hình học = 2). Việc tiếp xúc với bụi oxit sắt được dung nạp mà không có trường hợp tử vong, thay đổi đáng kể về trọng lượng cơ thể, tiêu thụ thực phẩm và nước hoặc độc tính toàn thân. Mặc dù bệnh lý lâm sàng tổng quát và phân tích nước tiểu không có gì nổi bật, tế bào học đã cho thấy những thay đổi có ý nghĩa độc tố không rõ ràng (tăng nhẹ số lượng bạch cầu trung tính trong máu ngoại vi). Sự gia tăng bạch cầu trung tính trong rửa phế quản phế nang (BAL) dường như là điểm cuối nhạy cảm nhất của nghiên cứu. Giải phẫu bệnh cho thấy các phản ứng đối với sự lắng đọng hạt trong đường hô hấp trên (tăng sinh tế bào hình ống và\u002Fhoặc chuyển sản tế bào, các globule ưa eosin trong niêm mạc mũi) và đường hô hấp dưới (các thay đổi viêm trong vùng phế quản). Những thay đổi nhất quán cho thấy viêm phổi đã được chứng minh qua BAL, giải phẫu bệnh, tăng trọng lượng phổi và hạch bạch huyết liên quan đến phổi (LALN) ở 16.6 và 52.1 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>. Tăng các sợi collagen trong vách ngăn đã được ghi nhận ở 52.1 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>. Sự di chuyển của hạt vào LALN đã xảy ra ở mức độ tiếp xúc gây viêm phổi. Tóm lại, động học giữ lại của oxit sắt phản ánh động học của các hạt khó tan. Mức độ không quan sát thấy tác dụng phụ (NOAEL) và giới hạn tin cậy dưới 95% trên nồng độ chuẩn (BMCL) thu được thông qua phân tích chuẩn là 4.7 và 4.4 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>, tương ứng, và hỗ trợ một mức độ tiếp xúc nghề nghiệp mãn tính điều chỉnh theo thời gian (OEL) là 2 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> (phân đoạn phế nang). Bản quyền © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>","\u003Cjats:title>ABSTRACT\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Wistar rats were nose‐only exposed to pigment‐sized iron oxide dust (Fe\u003Cjats:sub>3\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>O\u003Cjats:sub>4\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>, magnetite) in a subchronic 13‐week inhalation study according to the OECD testing guidelines TG#413 and GD#39. A 4 week pilot study with a 6 month post exposure period served as basis for validating the kinetic modeling approaches utilized to design the subchronic study. Kinetic analyses made during this post exposure period demonstrated that a diminution in particle clearance and lung inflammation occurred at cumulative exposure levels exceeding the lung overload threshold. Animals were exposed 6 h per day, five days per week for 13 consecutive weeks at actual concentrations of 0, 4.7, 16.6 and 52.1 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> (mass median aerodynamic diameter ≈1.3 μm, geometric standard deviation = 2). The exposure to iron oxide dust was tolerated without mortality, consistent changes in body weights, food and water consumption or systemic toxicity. While general clinical pathology and urinalysis were unobtrusive, hematology revealed changes of unclear toxicological significance (minimally increased differential neutrophil counts in peripheral blood). Elevations of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) appeared to be the most sensitive endpoint of study. Histopathology demonstrated responses to particle deposition in the upper respiratory tract (goblet cell hyper‐ and\u002For metaplasia, intraepithelial eosinophilic globules in the nasal passages) and the lower respiratory tract (inflammatory changes in the bronchiolo‐alveolar region). Consistent changes suggestive of pulmonary inflammation were evidenced by BAL, histopathology, increased lung and lung‐associated‐lymph node (LALN) weights at 16.6 and 52.1 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>. Increased septal collagenous fibers were observed at 52.1 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>. Particle translocation into LALN occurred at exposure levels causing pulmonary inflammation. In summary, the retention kinetics iron oxide reflected that of poorly soluble particles. The empirical no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) and the lower bound 95% confidence limit on the benchmark concentration (BMCL) obtained by benchmark analysis was 4.7 and 4.4 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup>, respectively, and supports an OEL (time‐adjusted chronic occupational exposure level) of 2 mg m\u003Cjats:sup>−3\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> (alveolar fraction). 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