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Generalized Marker Regression Mapping (GMR) approach was developed for mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) affecting binary polygenic traits in a single‐family half‐sib design. The GMR is based on threshold‐liability model theory and regression of offspring phenotype on expected marker genotypes at flanking marker loci. Using simulation, statistical power and bias of QTL mapping for binary traits by GMR was compared with full QTL interval mapping based on a threshold model (GIM) and with a linear marker regression mapping method (LMR). Empirical significance threshold values, power and estimates of QTL location and effect were identical for GIM and GMR when QTL mapping was restricted to within the marker interval. These results show that the theory of the marker regression method for QTL mapping is also applicable to binary traits and possibly for traits with other non‐normal distributions. The linear and threshold models based on marker regression (LMR and GMR) also resulted in similar estimates and power for large progeny group sizes, indicating that LMR can be used for binary data for balanced designs with large families, as this method is computationally simpler than GMR. 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This is then used to extend the value of DNA tests for major locus genotype, by calculating probabilities of belonging to each genotype class for all animals not DNA tested. Under the conditions simulated, this approach led to an approximate doubling of the number of animals genotyped with 100% confidence, the ability to exclude many more animals from one genotype class, plus a high probability (> 90%) of belonging to a given genotype class for many other animals.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Zusammenfassung\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:italic>Verwendung von Spaltungsanalyse für rationelle Anwendung von DNA Tests für Hauptgene\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Ein rechnermäßig traktabler Ansatz zu komplexer Spaltungsanalyse großer Datenmengen wird beschrieben. Dieser wird verwendet, um den Wert der DNA Tests für Hauptgene zu erweitern und zwar dadurch, daß die Wahrscheinlichkeiten der Zugehörigkeit zu jeder Genotypenklasse für Tiere ohne DNA Diagnose berechnet wird. Die Simulation ergab eine Verdopplung der Zahl der Tiere, die mit 100% Sicherheit genotypisiert werden konnten sowie Ausschluß von mehr Tieren aus einer gegebenen Genotypenklasse und schließlich eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit (> 90%) der Zuweisung vieler Tiere zu gegebenen Genotypenklassen.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":771},"An efficient algorithm for segregation analysis in large populations",{"VOID":773},"10.1111\u002Fj.1439-0388.1996.tb00636.x",[124],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1439-0388.1996.tb00636.x",[777,794],{"id":778,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":779,"affiliations":780,"properties":789,"displayName":791,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"4853ed34-9bbe-445d-b0c5-829320743435",[],[781],{"id":782,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":783,"properties":24},"67a0b4d5-3143-4a3a-9555-f3d76aea27fd",{"id":782,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":784,"slug":24,"properties":785,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":788,"statistic":24},[],{"title":786},{"VI":787},"Department of Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia",[],{"title":790,"openalex":792},{"EN":791},"Richard J. Kerr",{"VOID":793},"A5109565340",{"id":795,"sortIndex":148,"researcher":24,"roles":796,"affiliations":797,"properties":804,"displayName":808,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"6d9ead82-3f89-4c74-aef5-d47cefc11e26",[],[798],{"id":782,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":799,"properties":24},{"id":782,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":800,"slug":24,"properties":801,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":803,"statistic":24},[],{"title":802},{"VI":787},[],{"orcid":805,"title":807,"openalex":809},{"VOID":806},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0009-0007-1235-4710",{"EN":808},"Brian Kinghorn",{"VOID":810},"A5076614351",{"url":24,"publisher":812,"properties":858},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":813,"slug":10,"properties":814,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":819,"manageAffiliations":832,"indexDatabases":843,"url":97,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":815,"eissn":816,"issn":817,"title":818},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[820,824,828],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":821,"label":822,"description":823,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":825,"label":826,"description":827,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":829,"label":830,"description":831,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":43},{},[833,838],{"id":47,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":834,"slug":24,"properties":835,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":837,"statistic":24},[],{"title":836},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":839,"slug":24,"properties":840,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":842,"statistic":24},[],{"title":841},{"EN":58},[],[844,851],{"id":62,"indexDatabase":845,"url":73,"indexYears":74,"academicFieldIds":850,"indexDatabaseRanking":79},{"id":64,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":846,"label":847,"description":848,"key":70,"publicationTags":849,"standard":24},[],{"EN":67,"VI":67},{"EN":67,"VI":69},[72],[76,77,78],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":852,"url":94,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":857,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":83,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":853,"label":854,"description":855,"key":90,"publicationTags":856,"standard":24},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":88,"VI":89},[92,93],[96],{"issue":859,"pages":861,"volume":863},{"VOID":860},"1-6",{"VOID":862},"457-469",{"VOID":864},"113",75,{"total":865,"publishYear":867,"statisticByYear":868},1996,{"2012":168,"2013":212,"2014":168,"2015":186,"2017":148,"2018":186,"2019":212,"2020":186,"2021":148,"2022":148,"2023":148,"2024":168},"1996-01-12",[79,92],[872,875,879,882,885,888,891,894,897,901,904,907],{"id":24,"text":873,"url":24,"identifiers":874},"10.1007\u002FBF00262571",{"doi":873},{"id":24,"text":876,"url":24,"identifiers":877},"Arendonk J. A. M., 1994, Use of multiple genetic markers in prediction of breeding values, Genetics, 137, 319, 10.1093\u002Fgenetics\u002F137.1.319",{"doi":878},"10.1093\u002Fgenetics\u002F137.1.319",{"id":24,"text":880,"url":24,"identifiers":881},"Dempster A. P., 1977, Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm, J. R. Stat. Soc., 39, 1",{},{"id":24,"text":883,"url":24,"identifiers":884},"Elston R. C., 1981, Advances in Human Genetics, 63",{},{"id":24,"text":886,"url":24,"identifiers":887},"10.1007\u002FBF01240920",{"doi":886},{"id":24,"text":889,"url":24,"identifiers":890},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1862346",{"doi":889},{"id":24,"text":892,"url":24,"identifiers":893},"10.1007\u002FBF00226711",{"doi":892},{"id":24,"text":895,"url":24,"identifiers":896},"10.1186\u002F1297-9686-27-6-567",{"doi":895},{"id":24,"text":898,"url":24,"identifiers":899},"Kinghorn B. P., 1993, A method of screening for genes of major effect, Genetics, 134, 351, 10.1093\u002Fgenetics\u002F134.1.351",{"doi":900},"10.1093\u002Fgenetics\u002F134.1.351",{"id":24,"text":902,"url":24,"identifiers":903},"Kinghorn B. P.;Kerr R. J. 1995:Use of segregation analysis to help estimate genotype effects at known major loci. In: Proc. 11th Conf. Aust. Assoc. Anim. Breed. Genet. pp.271–274.",{},{"id":24,"text":905,"url":24,"identifiers":906},"10.1007\u002FBF00223919",{"doi":905},{"id":24,"text":908,"url":24,"identifiers":909},"Weber J. L., 1989, Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 44, 388",{},{"id":911,"createTime":912,"updateTime":912,"relativeEntities":913,"slug":914,"properties":915,"entityType":120,"verifyStatus":121,"verifyTime":912,"verifyNote":122,"languages":926,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":927,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":928,"publicationType":290,"publisherRelationship":1016,"citationCount":252,"citationInfo":1069,"publishDate":1072,"publishYear":1070,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1073,"openAccess":24,"references":1074,"isForceReanalyzing":562},"758dc504-28cb-4852-997e-bf0e95d2d5eb","2024-10-14T00:50:34.766+00:00",[],"BoLA-class-II-polymorphism-and-immune-response-to-i-Mycobacterium-bovis-i-antigens-i-in-vitro-i-",{"openalex":916,"mag":918,"abstract":920,"title":922,"doi":924},{"VOID":917},"W2039586303",{"VOID":919},"2039586303",{"EN":921},"\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Summary\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>In a sample of 47 Holstein‐Friesian calves, experimentally sensitized \u003Cjats:italic>in vivo\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> with a suspension of killed \u003Cjats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> the \u003Cjats:italic>BoLA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> class‐II polymorphism was analysed at the \u003Cjats:italic>DQA, DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, and \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> loci to define its role in the specific immune response. Lymphocyte proliferation under PPD stimulation, phagocytosis of killed \u003Cjats:italic>M. bovis\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> cells, and the humoral response to PPD antigens, tested by ELISA, were performed \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> 21 days after sensitization to evaluate the specific immune response. All the animals responded well to the immune test. The humoral response was only slightly affected by some alleles in the D subregions investigated. Lymphocyte proliferation was significantly, and positively, affected by \u003Cjats:italic>DQA*5, DQB*5\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, and \u003Cjats:italic>DRB*5B+5C\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> of the linkage group \u003Cjats:italic>DH*18A\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. In particular, the effect of \u003Cjats:italic>DRB*5C\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> alone was more than two times higher than the standard deviation. Phagocytosis was significantly and negatively affected by \u003Cjats:italic>DQA*9B\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> and \u003Cjats:italic>DQB*9B\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> of the linkage group \u003Cjats:italic>DH*22B\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, and also by \u003Cjats:italic>DQA*1A, DQB*1\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>, and \u003Cjats:italic>DRB*1A\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> of the linkage group \u003Cjats:italic>DH*24A\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. In these specific experimental conditions, the results demonstrate that the humoral response is only slightly under the control of some class‐II alleles, while lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis are affected. The \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> locus shows a major effect on lymphocyte proliferation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Résumé\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Le polymorphisme de \u003Cjats:italic>BoLA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> classe II a été analysée au \u003Cjats:italic>DQA, DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> et \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> loci pour definir son rôle dans la réponse immune specifique relative à un groupe de 47 veaux Holstein Friesian sensibilisés d'une façon expérimentale \u003Cjats:italic>in vivo\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> avec une suspension de \u003Cjats:italic>M. bovis\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> mort. La proliferation de Lymphocites sous PPD stimulation aussi bien que la phagocitosis de cellules mortes de \u003Cjats:italic>M. bovis\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> et la réponse humoral aux antigens PPD avec le test ELISA a été faite \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> 21 jours après la sensibilisation pour evaluer la réponse immune specifique. Tous les animaux ont bien répondu à tous les tests d'immunité. La réponse humoral a été influencée lèggérmente par aucun allèle des sous‐regions \u003Cjats:italic>D\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> investiguées. La proliferation des Lymphocites a été remarquablement et positivement influencée par les allèles \u003Cjats:italic>DQA*5, DQB*5\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> et \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5B+5C du groupe de linkage \u003Cjats:italic>DH\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*18A. En particuler l'effect du \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5C a été deux fois plus grand que l'écart‐type. La phagocitosis a été remarquablement et negativement influencée par \u003Cjats:italic>DQA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*9B et \u003Cjats:italic>DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*9B du groupe de linkage \u003Cjats:italic>DH\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*22B aussi que par \u003Cjats:italic>DQA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*1A, \u003Cjats:italic>DQB*1 et DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*1A du groupe de linkage \u003Cjats:italic>DH\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*24A.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Les resultats demontrent que la réponse humoral est seulement en part sous le contrôl de quelque allèle de le classe II, d'autre part dans nos conditions experimentales specifiques la lymphoproliferation et la phagocitosys sont influencées. Le locus \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> démontre un effect important sur la lymphoproliferation liée à l'allèle \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5C.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Resumen\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>El polimorfismo de clase \u003Cjats:italic>BoLA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> II fue analisado en loci \u003Cjats:italic>DQA, DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> et \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> para definir su efecto en la inmmunidad specifica relativa a un grupo de 47 novillos Holstein Friesian sensitizadas experimentalmente \u003Cjats:italic>en vivo\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> con una suspension de \u003Cjats:italic>M. bovis\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> matado. La proliferacion de Lympocites bajo stimulacion con PPD, asi como la phagocitosis de células muertas de \u003Cjats:italic>M. bovis\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> y la reaccion humoral a los antigenes PPD fue hecha con el test ELISA \u003Cjats:italic>en vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> 21 dias despues de la sensitisacion para evaluar la reaccion immuno specifica. Todos los animales dieron buenos respuestas a todos los test de inmmunidad. La reaccion humoral a sido afectada un poco de las subregiones \u003Cjats:italic>D\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> investigadas. La proliferacion de los Lymphocitos fue notablemente y positivamente afectada por \u003Cjats:italic>DQA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5, \u003Cjats:italic>DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5 y \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5+5C del grupo de linkage \u003Cjats:italic>DH\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*18A. En particular el efecto del \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5C a sido dos veces más grande de la deviacion standard. La phagocitosis a sido notablemente y negativamente affectada por \u003Cjats:italic>DQA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*9B y \u003Cjats:italic>DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*9B del grupo de linkage \u003Cjats:italic>DH\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*22B asi como por \u003Cjats:italic>DQA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*1A, \u003Cjats:italic>DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*1 y \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*1A del grupo de linkage \u003Cjats:italic>DH\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*24A. Los resultados demuestran que la reaccion humoral es solamente un poco afectada por algunos alleles de clase II, sin embargo con nuestras condiciones experimentales especificas, quedan afectadas la linfoproliferacion y la phagocitosys. El locus \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> demuestra un efecto importante sobre la limphoproliferacion debido a l'allele \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5C.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Zusammenfassung\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:italic>BoLA Klasse II Polymorphisms und in vitro Immunreaktion auf M. bovis Antigene\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:italic>BoLA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Klasse II Polymorphismus wurde an \u003Cjats:italic>DQA, DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> und \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Loci experimentell \u003Cjats:italic>in vivo\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> mit einer Suspension von M. bovis sensibilisierten 47 Holstein‐Frisian Kälbern analysiert, um ihre Rolle bei der spezifischen Immunreaktion zu definieren. Um diese zu beurteilen, wurde Lymphozyten Proliferation nach \u003Cjats:italic>PPD\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Stimulation, Phagozytose getöteter \u003Cjats:italic>M. bovis\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Zellen und humorale Reaktion auf \u003Cjats:italic>PPD\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Antigene durch ELISA \u003Cjats:italic>in vitro\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> 21 Tage nach Sensibilisierung beurteilt. Letztere zeigte nur geringfügige Beeinflussung durch Allele der Subregionen, aber Lymphozyten Proliferation wurde signifikant durch \u003Cjats:italic>DQA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5, \u003Cjats:italic>DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5 und \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5B+C der Kopplungsgruppe \u003Cjats:italic>DH\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*18A beeinflußt. Die Wirkung des Alleles \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*5C war mehr als das Doppelte der Standardabweichung. Phagozytose wurde signifikant durch \u003Cjats:italic>DQA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*9B, and \u003Cjats:italic>DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*9B der Kopplungsgruppe \u003Cjats:italic>DH\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*22B und auch durch \u003Cjats:italic>DQA\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*1A, \u003Cjats:italic>DQB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*1 und \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*1A der Kopplungsgruppe \u003Cjats:italic>DH\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*24A gesenkt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die humorale Reaktion weniger durch Allele Klasse II beeinflußt wird, wohl aber Phagozytose und Lymphozyten Proliferation. Der \u003Cjats:italic>DRB\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Locus zeigt eine erhebliche Wirkung auf Lymphozyten Proliferation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":923},"BoLA class II polymorphism and immune response to \u003Ci>Mycobacterium bovis\u003C\u002Fi> antigens \u003Ci>in vitro\u003C\u002Fi>",{"VOID":925},"10.1111\u002Fj.1439-0388.1995.tb00578.x",[124],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1439-0388.1995.tb00578.x",[929,948,965,982,997],{"id":930,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":931,"affiliations":932,"properties":941,"displayName":945,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"039abe44-6cb0-4d15-bec9-0ed0afed26fc",[],[933],{"id":934,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":935,"properties":24},"08c81420-b4c4-4f11-9738-72c48ee12512",{"id":934,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":936,"slug":24,"properties":937,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":940,"statistic":24},[],{"title":938},{"EN":939},"Istituto di Zootecnica, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Milano, Italy",[],{"orcid":942,"title":944,"openalex":946},{"VOID":943},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-5447-5576",{"EN":945},"Martina Casati",{"VOID":947},"A5068738903",{"id":949,"sortIndex":148,"researcher":24,"roles":950,"affiliations":951,"properties":958,"displayName":962,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"a423b2ce-9154-4d56-bc54-6f422207b84c",[],[952],{"id":934,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":953,"properties":24},{"id":934,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":954,"slug":24,"properties":955,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":957,"statistic":24},[],{"title":956},{"EN":939},[],{"orcid":959,"title":961,"openalex":963},{"VOID":960},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-7863-1855",{"EN":962},"M. 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response, Transplant. Proc., 21, 591",{},{"id":24,"text":1124,"url":24,"identifiers":1125},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2052.1994.tb00087.x",{"doi":1124},{"id":24,"text":1127,"url":24,"identifiers":1128},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2052.1988.tb00810.x",{"doi":1127},{"id":24,"text":1130,"url":24,"identifiers":1131},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2052.1989.tb00892.x",{"doi":1130},{"id":24,"text":1133,"url":24,"identifiers":1134},"Nilsson P. R. 1994:The bovine class II major histocompatibility complex.PhD thesis Agric. Univ. Wageningen The Netherlands.",{},{"id":24,"text":1136,"url":24,"identifiers":1137},"10.1016\u002F0301-6226(89)90124-3",{"doi":1136},{"id":24,"text":1139,"url":24,"identifiers":1140},"10.1007\u002FBF00702486",{"doi":1139},{"id":24,"text":1142,"url":24,"identifiers":1143},"SAS Institute Inc., 1991, SAS\u002FSTAT User's Guide",{},{"id":24,"text":1145,"url":24,"identifiers":1146},"10.1002\u002Feji.1830191116",{"doi":1145},{"id":24,"text":1148,"url":24,"identifiers":1149},"10.1093\u002Finfdis\u002F161.4.634",{"doi":1148},{"id":24,"text":1151,"url":24,"identifiers":1152},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2052.1991.tb00670.x",{"doi":1151},{"id":24,"text":1154,"url":24,"identifiers":1155},"10.1007\u002FBF00185115",{"doi":1154},{"id":24,"text":1157,"url":24,"identifiers":1158},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2052.1991.tb00718.x",{"doi":1157},{"id":24,"text":1160,"url":24,"identifiers":1161},"10.1016\u002F0952-7915(91)90013-Q",{"doi":1160},{"id":24,"text":1163,"url":24,"identifiers":1164},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2052.1979.tb01009.x",{"doi":1163},{"id":24,"text":1166,"url":24,"identifiers":1167},"10.1016\u002F0304-4017(90)90077-O",{"doi":1166},{"id":24,"text":1169,"url":24,"identifiers":1170},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2052.1990.tb01980.x",{"doi":1169},{"id":24,"text":1172,"url":24,"identifiers":1173},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2052.1991.tb00698.x",{"doi":1172},{"id":24,"text":1175,"url":24,"identifiers":1176},"Xu A., 1993, Polymorphism in BoLA‐DRB3 exon 2 correlates with resistance to persistent lymphocytosis caused by bovine leukemia virus, J. Immunol., 151, 6977, 10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.151.12.6977",{"doi":1177},"10.4049\u002Fjimmunol.151.12.6977",{"id":24,"text":1179,"url":24,"identifiers":1180},"10.1016\u002FS0065-2776(08)60262-X",{"doi":1179},{"id":24,"text":1182,"url":24,"identifiers":1183},"10.1016\u002F0923-2494(89)90037-0",{"doi":1182},{"id":1185,"createTime":1186,"updateTime":1186,"relativeEntities":1187,"slug":1188,"properties":1189,"entityType":120,"verifyStatus":121,"verifyTime":1186,"verifyNote":122,"languages":1202,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1203,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1204,"publicationType":290,"publisherRelationship":1224,"citationCount":1277,"citationInfo":1278,"publishDate":1282,"publishYear":1279,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1283,"openAccess":24,"references":1284,"isForceReanalyzing":562},"e366c1d4-f371-48b8-b568-637aff41d421","2024-10-11T18:04:15.729+00:00",[],"Opportunities-for-investment-into-small-ruminant-breeding-programmes-in-Brazil",{"openalex":1190,"mag":1192,"abstract":1194,"title":1196,"pm":1198,"doi":1200},{"VOID":1191},"W2944143063",{"VOID":1193},"2944143063",{"EN":1195},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The social contribution of goat and sheep industries is very important to many Brazilian families mainly in semi‐arid regions of the country. However, the productive chains of these two species in Brazil are unorganized and ultimately informal. On the other hand, there is potential for growth and development to which an upscaling of breeding programmes will be essential. Historically, many attempts to structure these programmes have been unsuccessful. Inadequate understanding of how to achieve genetic improvement often leading to distributing unsuitable exotic genetics among the producers is one of the reasons for the failure. Another important factor is related to the sources of funding and the priorities for the use of funds. According to the experience and the state of the art in Brazil, the priorities for funding must be in the characterization of the different systems and animal genetic resources, organization of information collection procedures and national databanks, training of technicians and producers and development of system to enable animal evaluation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1197},"Opportunities for investment into small ruminant breeding programmes in Brazil",{"VOID":1199},"31062429",{"VOID":1201},"10.1111\u002Fjbg.12396",[124],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fjbg.12396",[1205],{"id":1206,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1207,"affiliations":1208,"properties":1217,"displayName":1221,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"b9031410-8a16-49be-9eb6-0859ec2dbd9d",[],[1209],{"id":1210,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1211,"properties":24},"393dcc1f-32b1-4b4f-9383-61f6778edbcf",{"id":1210,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1212,"slug":24,"properties":1213,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1216,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1214},{"EN":1215},"Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos Fazenda Três Lagoas Sobral Brazil",[],{"orcid":1218,"title":1220,"openalex":1222},{"VOID":1219},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-6608-0646",{"EN":1221},"Raimundo Nonato Braga Lôbo",{"VOID":1223},"A5047884735",{"url":24,"publisher":1225,"properties":1271},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1226,"slug":10,"properties":1227,"entityType":22,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"subjectFields":1232,"manageAffiliations":1245,"indexDatabases":1256,"url":97,"thumbnailPath":24,"statistic":24,"gsStatistic":24,"type":24,"analyzePriority":24},[],{"country":1228,"eissn":1229,"issn":1230,"title":1231},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":19},[1233,1237,1241],{"id":28,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1234,"label":1235,"description":1236,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":31},{},{"id":34,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1238,"label":1239,"description":1240,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":37},{},{"id":40,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1242,"label":1243,"description":1244,"parentId":24,"standard":24,"scholarHubFieldId":24},[],{"EN":43},{},[1246,1251],{"id":47,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1247,"slug":24,"properties":1248,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1250,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1249},{"EN":51},[],{"id":54,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1252,"slug":24,"properties":1253,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1255,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1254},{"EN":58},[],[1257,1264],{"id":62,"indexDatabase":1258,"url":73,"indexYears":74,"academicFieldIds":1263,"indexDatabaseRanking":79},{"id":64,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1259,"label":1260,"description":1261,"key":70,"publicationTags":1262,"standard":24},[],{"EN":67,"VI":67},{"EN":67,"VI":69},[72],[76,77,78],{"id":81,"indexDatabase":1265,"url":94,"indexYears":24,"academicFieldIds":1270,"indexDatabaseRanking":24},{"id":83,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1266,"label":1267,"description":1268,"key":90,"publicationTags":1269,"standard":24},[],{"EN":86,"VI":86},{"EN":88,"VI":89},[92,93],[96],{"issue":1272,"pages":1273,"volume":1275},{"VOID":669},{"VOID":1274},"313-318",{"VOID":1276},"136",29,{"total":1277,"publishYear":1279,"statisticByYear":1280},2019,{"2019":148,"2020":252,"2021":1281,"2022":212,"2023":186,"2024":212},11,"2019-09-01",[79,92],[1285,1288,1291,1294,1297,1300,1303,1306,1309,1312],{"id":24,"text":1286,"url":24,"identifiers":1287},"10.1016\u002Fj.smallrumres.2011.03.034",{"doi":1286},{"id":24,"text":1289,"url":24,"identifiers":1290},"FAO(2007).The state of the world's animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. B. Rischkowsky & D. Pilling (editors).Rome Italy:FAO. Retrieved fromwww.fao.org\u002Fdocrep\u002F010\u002Fa1250e\u002Fa1250e00.htm",{},{"id":24,"text":1292,"url":24,"identifiers":1293},"10.1071\u002FAR9941657",{"doi":1292},{"id":24,"text":1295,"url":24,"identifiers":1296},"IBGE(2017).Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA. Retrieved fromwww.sidra.ibge.gov.br",{},{"id":24,"text":1298,"url":24,"identifiers":1299},"Lôbo R. N. B.(2013).SGR – Flock Management System User Notes (Version 2.0 Build 20121106) [electronic resource].Brasília DF Brazil:Embrapa.",{},{"id":24,"text":1301,"url":24,"identifiers":1302},"10.1016\u002Fj.smallrumres.2009.12.038",{"doi":1301},{"id":24,"text":1304,"url":24,"identifiers":1305},"Lôbo R. N. B., 2000, Evaluation of alternative breeding programs for dual purpose Zebu cattle, Brazilian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29, 1361",{},{"id":24,"text":1307,"url":24,"identifiers":1308},"Lôbo R. N. B., 2000, Breeding program evaluation for dual purpose Zebu cattle, Brazilian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29, 1349",{},{"id":24,"text":1310,"url":24,"identifiers":1311},"10.1071\u002FAR9941641",{"doi":1310},{"id":24,"text":1313,"url":24,"identifiers":1314},"10.1016\u002Fj.livsci.2015.05.032",{"doi":1313},{"id":1316,"createTime":1317,"updateTime":1317,"relativeEntities":1318,"slug":1319,"properties":1320,"entityType":120,"verifyStatus":121,"verifyTime":1317,"verifyNote":122,"languages":1331,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1332,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1333,"publicationType":290,"publisherRelationship":1385,"citationCount":1439,"citationInfo":1440,"publishDate":1443,"publishYear":1441,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1444,"openAccess":24,"references":1445,"isForceReanalyzing":562},"3f463dc2-5788-4cf1-a2c5-d24e3bfdb81a","2024-10-03T21:57:21.255+00:00",[],"Early-growth-performance-of-i-Bos-taurus-i-i-Bos-indicus-i-cattle-crosses-in-Ethiopia-estimation-of-individual-crossbreeding-effects",{"openalex":1321,"mag":1323,"abstract":1325,"title":1327,"doi":1329},{"VOID":1322},"W2041344328",{"VOID":1324},"2041344328",{"EN":1326},"\u003Cjats:title>Summary\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>In an effort to estimate breed differences, heterotic and recombination effects, a total of 4957 birth weight (BWT), 4245 weaning weight (WWT) and 3330 yearling weight (YWT) records collected from 38 crossbred and three purebred genotypes generated from crossing Friesian (F), Jersey (J) and Simmental (S) with the Boran (Bo), Barca (Ba) and Horro (Ho) (\u003Cjats:italic>Bos indicus\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>) breeds in Ethiopia were used. Differences between genotypes were significant (p < 0.01) for all traits. Genetic group mean values adjusted for environmental effects ranged from 20 to 30 kg for BWT, 88 to 114 kg for WWT, 122 to 157 kg for YWT and 358 to 492 g for preweaning average daily gain (ADG). The breed additive effect of F as a deviation from the Bo was significant (p < 0.01) and positive for all traits. Relative to the Bo mean, the additional breed additive contributions of the F breed on BWT, WWT, ADG and YWT were 39.3, 16.5, 9.3 and 10.3%, respectively. However, the breed additive effects of the Ho and J breeds were significantly (p < 0.01) negative for all traits. The heterotic effects were significantly negative (p < 0.01) for BWT for all F and S crosses, but positive (p < 0.01) on all other traits for all types of crosses. The average heterosis estimated within the F, J and S breeds were: −2.1 ± 0.6, 0.2 ± 0.6 (p > 0.05) and −2.3 ± 0.6 kg for BWT, 8.82.1, 11.8 ± 2.3 and 13.7 ± 2.4 kg for WWT, 60.4 ± 11.3, 64.8 ± 12.3 and 90.6 ± 12.7 g for ADG, and 19.8 ± 2.6, 19.5 ± 2.8 and 20.8 ± 2.9 kg for YWT, respectively. The recombination effects were significant (p < 0.01) for the majority of crosses for all traits. The estimates of the recombination loss were negative in all traits, except for BWT. The average recombination effects estimated within the F, J and S breeds were: 2.6 ± 0.8, 2.9 ± 0.9 and 2.4 ± 1.0 kg for BWT, −13.6 ± 3.2, −4.2 ± 3.4 (p > 0.05) and −16.0 ± 4.0 kg for WWT, −88.0 ± 17.1, −39.4 ± 18.4 and −102.2 ± 21.3 g for ADG, and −14.4 ± 4.0, −0.1 ± 4.4 (p > 0.05) and −17.5 ± 4.9 kg for YWT, respectively. It could be concluded that the breed differences, heterotic and recombination effects seem to be important genetic factors affecting early growth performances in the breed crosses tested.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1328},"Early growth performance of \u003Ci>Bos taurus\u003C\u002Fi> × \u003Ci>Bos indicus\u003C\u002Fi> cattle crosses in Ethiopia: estimation of individual crossbreeding effects",{"VOID":1330},"10.1046\u002Fj.1439-0388.2003.00392.x",[124],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1046\u002Fj.1439-0388.2003.00392.x",[1334,1351,1368],{"id":1335,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1336,"affiliations":1337,"properties":1346,"displayName":1348,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"e34e07b9-d0a0-43a6-b0ba-a1d37f67e010",[],[1338],{"id":1339,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1340,"properties":24},"76a059f0-25ef-4262-a949-af385f441328",{"id":1339,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1341,"slug":24,"properties":1342,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1345,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1343},{"EN":1344},"Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, and",[],{"title":1347,"openalex":1349},{"EN":1348},"S. 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J., 1993, Direct and maternal additive and heterotic effects in crossbreeding Hereford, Simmentaler and Afrikaner cattle, S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 23, 61",{},{"id":24,"text":1511,"url":24,"identifiers":1512},"10.1111\u002Fj.1439-0388.1990.tb00053.x",{"doi":1511},{"id":24,"text":1514,"url":24,"identifiers":1515},"10.3168\u002Fjds.S0022-0302(93)77534-7",{"doi":1514},{"id":24,"text":1517,"url":24,"identifiers":1518},"Udo M. G., 1995, Performance of various crosses of Mpwapwa cattle, Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Africa, 43, 209",{},{"id":24,"text":1520,"url":24,"identifiers":1521},"10.1111\u002Fj.1439-0388.1995.tb00545.x",{"doi":1520},{"id":1523,"createTime":1524,"updateTime":1524,"relativeEntities":1525,"slug":1526,"properties":1527,"entityType":120,"verifyStatus":121,"verifyTime":1537,"verifyNote":122,"languages":1538,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1539,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1540,"publicationType":290,"publisherRelationship":1585,"citationCount":1638,"citationInfo":1639,"publishDate":1641,"publishYear":1441,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1642,"openAccess":24,"references":1643,"isForceReanalyzing":562},"53738b30-1387-49e3-ae49-c0dc1ac40dd3","2024-10-03T21:57:18.549+00:00",[],"Early-growth-performance-of-i-Bos-taurus-i-x-i-Bos-indicus-i-cattle-crosses-in-Ethiopia-Evaluation-of-different-crossbreeding-models",{"openalex":1528,"mag":1530,"abstract":1532,"title":1534,"doi":1536},{"VOID":1529},"W2127002441",{"VOID":1531},"2127002441",{"EN":1533},"\u003Cjats:title>Summary\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Five genetic models were evaluated for goodness‐of‐fit and estimation of crossbreeding parameters using 41 genotypes produced from crossing three \u003Cjats:italic>Bos taurus\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> (Friesian, Jersey and Simmental) with three \u003Cjats:italic>Bos indicus\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> (Boran, Barca and Horro) breeds. The traits used for testing of the models were birth weight, weaning weight, pre‐weaning‐average daily gain and yearling weight. These models were: (1) Dominance model, (2) Dickerson's model (recombination loss) (3) Additive × dominance interaction model, (4) Dominance × dominance interaction model and (5) Kinghorn's model (x). Models 2–5 are epistatic models that included all effects in model one plus one type of epistatic interaction based on a two‐locus gene model. All five models tested, provided high levels of fit, with adjusted \u003Cjats:italic>R\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> values averaging 93% over traits. All the epistatic models fit the data significantly (p < 0.05) better than the dominance model for all the traits. Among the epistatic models, Dickerson's model (M2) gave significantly (p < 0.05) higher \u003Cjats:italic>R\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> values compared with the other epistatic models. Crossbreeding parameters estimated from this model have relatively lower sampling correlations and correspondingly lower standard errors. This model could, therefore, be considered the most appropriate model for parameter estimation and prediction‐of performance of untested genotypes for future breeding decision for breeds involved in this study.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1535},"Early growth performance of \u003Ci>Bos taurus\u003C\u002Fi> x \u003Ci>Bos indicus\u003C\u002Fi> cattle crosses in Ethiopia: Evaluation of different crossbreeding models",{"VOID":1456},"2024-10-03T21:57:18.548+00:00",[124],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1046\u002Fj.1439-0388.2003.00374.x",[1541,1556,1570],{"id":1542,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1543,"affiliations":1544,"properties":1553,"displayName":1348,"givenName":24,"familyName":24},"0137b1c0-030b-4c2c-a674-19d82e9f8291",[],[1545],{"id":1546,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1547,"properties":24},"5295e999-f0cc-469b-9e59-95c6fb4976ed",{"id":1546,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1548,"slug":24,"properties":1549,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1552,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1550},{"EN":1551},"Department of Animal-Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of Free State, P.O. 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In addition to the fixed effects, random direct and maternal genetic effects, and random maternal permanent environmental effects are considered; the model also fits direct and maternal heterosis and direct and maternal breed‐of‐founder (BOF) × generation group effects using a Bayesian approach that weights prior literature estimates relative to information supplied by the dataset to which the model will be applied. The multi‐breed evaluation procedures also allow the inclusion of external evaluations for animals of other breeds. The multi‐breed model was applied to a dataset provided by the American Gelbvieh Association. Different analyses were conducted by varying the weights given to the prior literature relative to the information provided by the dataset. 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