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Mean understory light levels were approximately 30% of those in the open immediately following the two 1996 typhoons which affected the forest, yet in 1997, following two more typhoons, mean understory light levels were 10%–20% of those in the open. The decline of understory light levels to those present prior to the typhoons was more rapid in 1996 than in 1997, even though the two typhoons in 1996 were more intense than those in 1997. This difference might be the result of the timing of the typhoons. In 1996 the typhoons occurred earlier in the growing season, before August 1 rather than the middle and end of August in 1997. The regular defoliation caused by the frequent typhoons that impact Fu-shan (average of 1.4 per year) and the low stature of the forest (mean canopy height of 10.6 m), results in much higher light levels beneath the canopy (9%–30% of levels in the open) than those found in most tropical and temperate forests. As a result, understory light levels are not limiting the distribution of canopy tree saplings within the forest and there is no evidence that canopy gaps play an important role in canopy tree regeneration within the Fu-shan Experiment Forest. This is in contrast with the pattern reported for some tropical forests. With frequent typhoons impacting northeastern Taiwan, the forests of this region are perpetually recovering from wind disturbances.",{"EN":168},"Influence of typhoon disturbances on the understory light regime and stand dynamics of a subtropical rain forest in northeastern Taiwan",{"VOID":170},"[\"7336583459556784371\"]",{"VOID":172},"10.1007\u002Fs10310-002-0019-6","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","2024-06-24T09:49:45.816+00:00","Auto Verify","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10310-002-0019-6",[179,197,212,229,244,260,276],{"id":180,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":181,"affiliations":183,"properties":192},"78682f81-684c-4246-8e81-8009bd788389",[182],"AUTHOR",[184],{"id":185,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":186,"properties":20},"2990bf7f-c1ad-4242-b61a-044eee9094c4",{"id":185,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":187,"slug":20,"properties":188,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":191,"statistic":20},[],{"title":189},{"VI":190},"Department of Geography, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan",[],{"title":193,"gsAuthor":195},{"VI":194},"Teng-Chiu Lin",{"VOID":196},"[\"wwdthM0AAAAJ\"]",{"id":198,"sortIndex":88,"researcher":20,"roles":199,"affiliations":200,"properties":209},"b610fcdd-c314-44e4-a3a7-16fa9eb371d3",[182],[201],{"id":202,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":203,"properties":20},"0e935e7c-f53d-4831-8a8e-39bcc142c0b0",{"id":202,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":204,"slug":20,"properties":205,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":208,"statistic":20},[],{"title":206},{"EN":207},"Center for Environmental Studies, Brown University, Providence, USA",[],{"title":210},{"VI":211},"Steven P. 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CV. Lizao) plantations with a spacing of 2 m between trees and 3 m between tree rows have been established in the semiarid hilly region of the Chinese Loess Plateau since 1999. Our objective was to assess differences in the vertical and horizontal root distribution with stand age based on a trench wall analysis of the roots. The stands were 4, 8, and 11 years old. We investigated three root diameter classes for each stand, which consisted of fine (\u003C 1 mm), medium (1–3 mm), and coarse (> 3 mm) roots. Our main findings were as follows. (1) All diameter classes of root intersects increased significantly with stand age (P \u003C 0.01). However, the proportion of the three diameter classes in the total roots remained about the same, regardless of stand age. (2) Root intersects decreased significantly with soil depth (P \u003C 0.001). (3) There were no significant differences in root intersects with distance from the trunk (P > 0.05) in this dense planting pattern. These root distribution patterns may enhance our understanding of the dense jujube plantation belowground root ecology and provide a basis for jujube plantation management practices in this semiarid hilly region.",{"EN":361},"Root distribution chronosequence of a dense dwarfed jujube plantation in the semiarid hilly region of the Chinese Loess Plateau",{"VOID":363},"[\"14679492843587087457\"]",{"VOID":365},"Bouillet JP, laclau JP, Arnaud M, Thongo A (2002) Changes with age in the spatial distribution of roots of Eucalyptus clone in Congo: impact on water and nutrient uptake. For Ecol Manag 171:43–57\nChen GS, Yang YS, He ZM et al (2005) Effects of proximity of stems and tree diameters on fine root density in plantations. Acta Ecol Sin 25:1007–1011 (in Chinese)\nChen WQ, Li P, Zhang L (2009) Researches on fine root dynamics in Robinia pseudoacacia forest and its response with soil moisture. Res Soil Water Conserv 6:92–96 (in Chinese)\nCheng XR, Zhao Z, Guo MC et al (2006) Researches on model for fine root vertical distribution of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation. Sci Silvae Sin 42:40–48 (in Chinese)\nClaus A, George E (2005) Effect of stand age on fine-root biomass and biomass distribution in three European forest chronosequences. Can J For Res 35:1617–1625\nda Silva EV, Bouillet J-P, de Moraes GJL et al (2011) Functional specialization of Eucalyptus fine roots: contrasting potential uptake rates for nitrogen, potassium and calcium tracers at varying soil depths. Funct Ecol 25:996–1006\nEamus D, Hatton T, Cook P, Colvin C (2006) Ecohydrology: vegetation function, water and resource management. CSIRO, Collingwood\nFitter AH (1996) Characteristics and functions of root systems. In: Waisel Y et al (eds) Plant root intersects. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 1–20\nFujimaki R, Tateno R, Tokuchi N (2007) Root development across a chronosequence in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantation. J For Res 12:96–102\nGan ZT, Zhou ZT, Liu WZ (2010) Vertical distribution and seasonal dynamics of fine root parameters for apple trees of different ages on the Loess Plateau of China. Agric Sci China 9:46–55\nGwenzi W, Erik JV, Karen WH, Timothy MB, Ian RP, Christoph H (2011) Spatial analysis of fine root distribution on a recently constructed ecosystem in a water-limited environment. Plant Soil 344:255–272\nJackson RB, Canadell JE, Hleringer JR, Mooney HA, Sala OA, Schulze ED (1996) A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes. Oecologia 108:389–411\nLaclau JP, Arnaud M, Bouillet JP, Ranger J (2001) Spatial distribution of Eucalyptus roots in a deep sandy soil in Congo: relationships with the ability of the stand to take up water and nutrients. Tree Physiol 21:129–136\nLehmann J (2003) Subsoil root activity in tree-based cropping systems. Plant Soil 225:319–331\nLi LH, Lin P, Xing XR (1998) Fine root biomass and production of Castanopsis eyrei forests in Wuyi Mountains. Chin J Appl Ecol 9:337–340 (in Chinese)\nLiedgens M, Richner W (2001) Minirhizotron observations of the spatial distribution of the maize root system. Agron J 93:1097–1104\nLiu HF, Liu MJ (1998) A jujube tree root distribution survey. J Henan Vocat Tech Teach Coll 26:107–108 (in Chinese)\nLynch J (1995) Root architecture and plant productivity. Plant Physiol 109:9–13\nLynch JP, Brown KM (2001) Topsoil foraging: an architectural adaptation to low phosphorus availability. Plant Soil 237:225–237\nMa LH, Wu PT, Wang YK (2011) Spatial distribution of roots in a dense jujube plantation in the semiarid hilly region of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Plant Soil 354:57–68\nNambiar AKS (1983) Root development and configuration in intensively managed radiata pine plantation. Plant Soil 71:37–47\nParker MM, Van Lear DH (1996) Soil heterogeneity and root distribution of mature loblolly pine stands in piedmont soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 60:1920–1925\nQiao ZH (2008) Analysis of interrelation between organic matter content and soil physical property parameters. China Rural Water Hydropower 2:3–4 (in Chinese)\nSchenk HJ, Jackson RB (2002) The global biogeography of roots. Ecol Monogr 72:311–328\nSharp RE, Davies WJ (1985) Root growth and water uptake by maize plants in drying soil. J Exp Bot 36:1441–1456\nShi H, Shao MA (2000) Soil and water loss from the Loess Plateau in China. J Arid Environ 45:9–20\nSmit AL, Bengough AG, Engels C, VanNoordwijk M, Pellerin S, Van de Geijn SC (2000) Root methods: a handbook. Springer, Berlin\nSokalska DI, Haman DZ, Szewczuk A, Sbota J, Deren D (2009) Spatial root distribution of mature apple trees under drip irrigation system. Agric Water Manag 96:917–924\nSudmeyer RA, Speijers J, Nicholas BD (2004) Root distribution of Pinus pinaster, P. radiata, Eucalyptus globulus and E. kochii and associated soil chemistry in agricultural land adjacent to tree lines. Tree Physiol 24:1333–1346\nVanninen P, Makela A (1999) Fine root biomass of Scots pine stands differing in age and soil fertility in southern Finland. Tree Physiol 19:823–830\nVogt KA, Vog DJ, Moore EE, Fatuga MB, Redlin MR, Edmonds RL (1987) Conifer and angiosperm fine-root biomass in relation to stand age and site productivity in Douglas-fir forests. J Ecol 75:857–870\nVogt KA, Vogt DJ, Palmiotto PA, Boon P, O’Hara J, Asbjornsen H (1995) Review of root dynamics in forest ecosystems grouped by climate, climatic forest type and species. Plant Soil 187:159–219\nWei TJ, Li BY (2009) Jujube tree root growth and development investigation in Ningxia dry sand land. J Mod Agric Sci 13:7–88 (in Chinese)\nWei GL, Wang YK, Yang T (2010) Research on root distribution characteristics of Ziziphus jujube cv. Lizao under drip irrigation condition. J Anhui Sci 38:6136–6139 (in Chinese)\nWen DZ, Wei P, Kong GH, Ye WH (1999) Production and turnover rate of fine roots in two lower subtropical forest sites at Dinghushan. Acta Phytoecol Sin 23:361–369 (in Chinese)\nWu PT, Wang YK, Xin XG, Zhu DL (2008) Integration and demonstration of the date micro-irrigation technology in the hilly of Shanbei. Agric Res Arid Areas 26:1–6 (in Chinese)\nYang G, Ding GD, Zhao YN, Sun BP (2006) Study on benefits of soil and water conservation about returning cropland to forest in Loess hilly region of North Shaanxi. Bull Soil Water Conserv 26:88–90 (in Chinese)\nZhang ZX, Wang YP (2010) Rain transformation and soil water carrying capacity of caragana microphylla forest in steep slope on loess region in Northern Shaanxi Province. Res Soil Water Conserv 17:80–85 (in Chinese)\nZhao J, Wang ZH, Liu Y et al (2010) Comparison of canopy characters and yields between 4 shapes of trees in xianhuang pear orchards. South China Fruits 3:70–72 (in Chinese)\nZhu XM (1989) Soil and agriculture in loess plateau. In: Wang Y et al (eds) Soil resources. Agriculture Press, Beijing",{"VOID":367},"10.1007\u002Fs10310-012-0387-5","2024-06-24T23:11:30.839+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10310-012-0387-5",[371,395,415],{"id":372,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":373,"affiliations":374,"properties":392},"3a89c147-281f-4fc8-9f33-66ccb3cf292c",[182],[375,383],{"id":376,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":377,"properties":20},"37bda5b9-0805-42c6-97a3-f6213ada4cf2",{"id":376,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":378,"slug":20,"properties":379,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":382,"statistic":20},[],{"title":380},{"VI":381},"Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China",[],{"id":384,"sortIndex":88,"affiliation":385,"properties":391},"a61efd49-7063-4423-8d0c-9b44c29bdf57",{"id":384,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":386,"slug":20,"properties":387,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":390,"statistic":20},[],{"title":388},{"VI":389},"Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China",[],{},{"title":393},{"VI":394},"Li-hui 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study spatial variation in natural tree seedling density and the relationship between variation in seedling density and seed dispersal mode at a cleared site, we surveyed natural tree seedlings after the site preparation for planting in a coniferous plantation cleared by a typhoon disturbance in 2004. The site was located near Sikotsuko Lake, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Twenty-five tree seedling species were found and the mean seedling density was 9.8 seedlings\u002Fm2. Seedlings of non-animal-dispersed species (7.2 seedlings\u002Fm2) were approximately five times more abundant than those of animal-dispersed species (1.4 seedlings\u002Fm2), and 87% of all seedlings were current. The seedling density of non-animal-dispersed species (almost all wind-dispersed) decreased with distance from a natural forest; however, this trend did not hold for animal-dispersed species (almost all bird-dispersed). The spatial variation in seedling density was lower in animal-dispersed species than in non-animal-dispersed species. Seed dispersal patterns and the viability duration of buried seeds likely affected the variation in seedling density by seed dispersal mode.",{"EN":496},"Spatial variation in tree seedling density after the site preparation for planting in a cleared coniferous plantation in Hokkaido, northern Japan",{"VOID":498},"[\"2874994061982206708\"]",{"VOID":500},"M Begon JL Harper CR Townsend (1990) Ecology Blackwell London 166–189\nJS Clark M Silman R Kern E Macklin J HilleRisLambers (1999) ArticleTitleSeed dispersal near and far: patterns across temperate and tropical forests Ecology 80 1475–1494 Occurrence Handle10.2307\u002F176541\nAW Fukui (1995) ArticleTitleThe role of the brown-eared bulbul Hypsypetes amaurotis as a seed dispersal agent Res Popul Ecol 37 211–218 Occurrence Handle10.1007\u002FBF02515822\nH Hamada N Kuramoto (1994) ArticleTitleA study of the seed bank in Quercus serrata forest by surveying seedling emergence and its application to forest management Landsc Res Jpn 58 76–82\nN Hanada M Shibuya H Saito K Takahashi (2006) ArticleTitleRegeneration process of broadleaved trees in planted Larix kaempferi forests J Jpn For Soc 88 1–7\nS Iida T Nakashizuka (1998) ArticleTitleSpatial and temporal dispersal of Kalopanax pictus seeds in a temperate deciduous forest, central Japan Plant Ecol 135 243–248 Occurrence Handle10.1023\u002FA:1009779921463\nS Ishibashi T Saito K Omura H Sawada (2004) ArticleTitleRegeneration situation just after clear-cutting in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations Trans Mtg Kanto Br Jpn For Soc 55 53–56\nK Kikuzawa (1983) Broadleaved forests in Hokkaido (in Japanese) Hokkaido Zorinshinkokyokai Sapporo\nT Masaki Y Kominami T Nakashizuka (1994) ArticleTitleSpatial and seasonal patterns of seed dissemination of Cornus controversa in a temperate forest Ecology 75 1903–1910 Occurrence Handle10.2307\u002F1941595\nT Mori (1991) Seeds of northern deciduous broadleaved tree species (in Japanese) Hopporingyokai Sapporo\nKG Murray (1988) ArticleTitleAvian seed dispersal of three neotropical gap-dependent plants Ecol Monogr 58 271–298 Occurrence Handle10.2307\u002F1942541\nT Nakashizuka (2004) Story of forests trees and Japan Tokai University Press Tokyo 12–48\nJ Ozawa (1950) ArticleTitleViability of experimentally buried seeds of tree species (in Japanese) Rep Gov For Exp Sta 58 25–43\nA Sakai S Sato T Sakai S Kuramoto R Tabuchi (2005) ArticleTitleA soil seed bank in a mature conifer plantation and establishment of seedlings after clear-cutting in southwest Japan J For Res 10 295–304 Occurrence Handle10.1007\u002Fs10310-004-0138-3\nS Sato A Sakai (2003) ArticleTitleContribution of seed dispersal by birds on vegetation recovery after clear-cutting of a coniferous plantation Appl Forest Sci 12 23–28\nH Tanaka M Shibata T Nakashizuka (1998) ArticleTitleA mechanistic approach for evaluating the role of wind dispersal in tree population dynamics J Sustain Forest 6 155–174 Occurrence Handle10.1300\u002FJ091v06n01_10\nK Tsutsumi (Eds) (1994) Silviculture (in Japanese) Buneidoushuppan Tokyo 142–179\nI Watanabe N Mizui (2000) ArticleTitleSeed viability of broad-leaved tree species during seven-year storage in a forest soil (in Japanese) Trans Mtg Hokkaido Br Jpn For Soc 48 63–65",{"VOID":502},"10.1007\u002Fs10310-006-0240-9","2024-05-17T12:29:08.513+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10310-006-0240-9",[506,521],{"id":507,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":508,"affiliations":509,"properties":518},"d640ff3d-7c6f-4c41-aa5b-a709d78edd0d",[182],[510],{"id":511,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":512,"properties":20},"905ba241-97bc-4693-9ad4-20e6e33e61ec",{"id":511,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":513,"slug":20,"properties":514,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":517,"statistic":20},[],{"title":515},{"VI":516},"Laboratory of Silviculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan",[],{"title":519},{"VI":520},"ChangSeob 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used forest management records to estimate the annual supply potential and availability of timber and logging residue from profitable subcompartments for all the cities and towns in the Tochigi prefecture. Five log markets and three factories in the Tochigi prefecture were assumed to be the destination of timber and logging residue, and the forest operation systems were set on the basis of interviews with forestry cooperative officials. The results showed that the annual supply potential of timber and logging residue was 450,304 m3 and 549,957 tons, of which 6 % (26,304 m3) and 37 % (204,122 tons) were from precommercial thinning operations, 61 % (276,180 m3) and 50 % (276,276 tons) were from commercial thinning operations, and 33 % (147,820 m3) and 13 % (69,559 tons) were from final-felling operations, respectively. When the unit price of the logging residue was 10,000 yen\u002Fton, the annual logging residue availability from profitable subcompartments could almost cover the annual demand of the three facilities that we considered in this study. Introduction of feed-in tariffs had a significant impact. However, the ratios of the availability to supply potential with unit prices of logging residue of 3,000, 6,000, and 10,000 yen\u002Fton were estimated to be only 1.67, 2.06, and 4.09 %, respectively. Considering the subsidies, the ratios respectively increased to 5.79, 7.35, and 13.09 %. Furthermore, the annual logging residue availability with subsidy could meet 70 % of the annual woody biomass demand of the large-scale factory in Sano city, which is 100,000 tons.",{"EN":598},"Estimating the annual supply potential and availability of timber and logging residue using forest management records of the Tochigi prefecture, Japan",{"VOID":600},"[\"6791359574512527953\"]",{"VOID":602},"10.1007\u002Fs10310-013-0394-1","2024-04-30T04:24:11.504+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10310-013-0394-1",[606,621,634],{"id":607,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":608,"affiliations":609,"properties":618},"14841428-dc3b-490f-87cf-a01ec4fe57f7",[182],[610],{"id":611,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":612,"properties":20},"5a7bf240-72ff-45ff-8095-11bc4683c571",{"id":611,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":613,"slug":20,"properties":614,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":617,"statistic":20},[],{"title":615},{"VI":616},"Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan",[],{"title":619},{"VI":620},"Reiko 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for Natural Resources and Energy (2012) Settlement of the details of the Feed-in Tariff scheme for renewable energy, including purchase price and surcharge rates. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.meti.go.jp\u002Fenglish\u002Fpress\u002F2012\u002F0618_01.html. Accessed June 18, 2012","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.meti.go.jp\u002Fenglish\u002Fpress\u002F2012\u002F0618_01.html",{},{"id":20,"text":709,"url":20,"identifiers":710},"Aruga K, Yoshioka T, Sakurai R (2006a) Long-term feasibility of timber and forest biomass resources at an intermediate and mountainous area-Balance of harvesting volumes using random search. J Jpn For Eng Soc 21:49–59 (in Japanese with English summary)",{},{"id":20,"text":712,"url":20,"identifiers":713},"Aruga K, Tasaka T, Yoshioka T, Sakurai R, Kobayashi H (2006b) Long-term feasibility of timber and forest biomass resources at an intermediate and mountainous area (2)-Examining the optimum scale of an energy plant. J Jpn For Eng Soc 21:185–192 (in Japanese with English summary)",{},{"id":715,"text":716,"url":717,"identifiers":718},"58db3379-d924-4551-b770-94a008464040","Dijkstra EW (1959) A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numer Math 1:269–271","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF01386390",{"doi":719},"10.1007\u002FBF01386390",{"id":20,"text":721,"url":20,"identifiers":722},"Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan (2006) Greenhouse gas inventory report in Japan. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office of Japan, Tokyo (in Japanese)",{},{"id":20,"text":724,"url":20,"identifiers":725},"Iuchi M (2004) Development of the support system for biomass energy business plans-the data base and evaluation models to simulate the collection cost. Socio-economic research center Y03023:1–26 (in Japanese with English summary)",{},{"id":20,"text":727,"url":20,"identifiers":728},"Japan Forest Technology Association (2010) Low-cost Forestry Operation System Establishment Business Report.* Japan Forest Technology Association, Tokyo (in Japanese)",{},{"id":20,"text":730,"url":20,"identifiers":731},"Japanese Forestry Investigation Committee (2011a) Tosa No Mori System in which Thinned Trees are Traded with Community Currency for 6,000 yen\u002Fton Begins in Chizu Town, Tottori Prefecture and the System has been Prevailing.* Rinsei (Forest policy*) News 409: 14 (in Japanese)",{},{"id":20,"text":733,"url":20,"identifiers":734},"Japanese Forestry Investigation Committee (2011b) Wood Chip for Power Generation Paid Attention to Feed-in Tariff (FIT), which would Improve the Unit Price of Logging Residue to 20 yen\u002FkWh. This Would Promote Effective Utilization of Logging Residues.* Rinsei (Forest policy*) News 405: 7 (in Japanese)",{},{"id":736,"text":737,"url":738,"identifiers":739},"4c68646b-0035-4279-8000-0006b275d4fa","Kamimura K, Kuboyama H, Yamamoto K (2009) Estimation of spatial distribution on wood biomass supply potential for three prefectures in the northern Tohoku Region. J Jpn Inst Energy 88:877–883 (in Japanese with English Summary)","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":740},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":742,"text":743,"url":744,"identifiers":745},"c23f22a6-9ad1-400c-99ef-4416918662d4","Kinoshita T, Inoue K, Iwao K, Kagemoto H, Yamagata Y (2009) A spatial evaluation of forest biomass usage using GIS. Appl Energy 86:1–8","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0306261908000718",{"doi":746},"10.1016\u002Fj.apenergy.2008.03.017",{"id":748,"text":749,"url":750,"identifiers":751},"8e70221f-f3a3-4b9a-9434-b1d17ee8138a","Kinoshita T, Ohki T, Yamagata Y (2010) Woody biomass supply potential for thermal power plants in Japan. Appl Energy 87:2923–2927","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0306261909003602",{"doi":752},"10.1016\u002Fj.apenergy.2009.08.025",{"id":20,"text":754,"url":20,"identifiers":755},"Kobayashi H (1997) Forest Infrastructure Plan Theory.* Nihon Ringyo Kyokai, Tokyo (in Japanese)",{},{"id":20,"text":757,"url":20,"identifiers":758},"Mikamo Forestry Cooperative and Sumitomo Osaka Cement Company (2008) Research Report on Extracting Forest Biomass Resources.* Mikamo Forestry Cooperative and Sumitomo Osaka Cement Company, Tochigi (in Japanese)",{},{"id":736,"text":760,"url":738,"identifiers":761},"Möller B, Nielsen PS (2007) Analyzing transport costs of Danish forest wood chip resources by means of continuous cost surfaces. Biomass Bioenergy 31:291–298",{"doi":740},{"id":20,"text":763,"url":20,"identifiers":764},"Murakami A, Yamaguchi R, Nakahata C, Aruga K, Tasaka T (2012) Feasibility of forest biomass harvesting under sustainable forest management-Case study of Nasushiobara city and Kanuma area in Tochigi prefecture-. Bull Utsunomiya Univ 48:123–138 (in Japanese with English summary)",{},{"id":766,"text":767,"url":768,"identifiers":769},"9e3fca86-3371-4c55-9d82-b78ae2da5a05","Ranta T (2005) Logging residues from regeneration fellings for biofuel production-a GIS-based availability analysis in Finland. Biomass Bioenergy 28:171–182","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0961953404001576",{"doi":770},"10.1016\u002Fj.biombioe.2004.08.010",{"id":20,"text":772,"url":20,"identifiers":773},"Sawaguchi I (1996) Studies on forest-road evaluation and forest-road standards in mountain forests: (I) characteristics of parameters for forest-road evaluation. Bull FFPRI 372:1–110 (in Japanese with English summary)",{},{"id":20,"text":775,"url":20,"identifiers":776},"Shimotsuke newspaper (2009) A new sawmill was constructed in Kanuma city—chips are produced for the fuel of power generation.* February 14, (in Japanese)",{},{"id":20,"text":778,"url":779,"identifiers":780},"Tochigi Prefectural Gevernment (2009b) Kinugawa regional forest plan. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pref.tochigi.lg.jp\u002Fd08\u002Feco\u002Fshinrin\u002Fzenpan\u002Fdocuments\u002Fkinugawa2s.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2012","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pref.tochigi.lg.jp\u002Fd08\u002Feco\u002Fshinrin\u002Fzenpan\u002Fdocuments\u002Fkinugawa2s.pdf",{},{"id":20,"text":782,"url":783,"identifiers":784},"Tochigi Prefectural Gevernment (2010c) Watarasegawa regional forest plan. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pref.tochigi.lg.jp\u002Fd08\u002Feco\u002Fshinrin\u002Fzenpan\u002F1186548844240.html. Accessed February 27, 2012","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pref.tochigi.lg.jp\u002Fd08\u002Feco\u002Fshinrin\u002Fzenpan\u002F1186548844240.html",{},{"id":20,"text":786,"url":787,"identifiers":788},"Tochigi Prefectural Gevernment (2011) Nakagawa regional forest plan. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pref.tochigi.lg.jp\u002Fd08\u002Feco\u002Fshinrin\u002Fhozen\u002Fshinrinkeikaku.html. Accessed February 27, 2012","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.pref.tochigi.lg.jp\u002Fd08\u002Feco\u002Fshinrin\u002Fhozen\u002Fshinrinkeikaku.html",{},{"id":20,"text":790,"url":20,"identifiers":791},"Tochigi Prefectural Government (2009) Forest and Forestry Statistics of Fiscal Year 2009 in Tochigi Prefecture. Tochigi Prefectural Government, Tochigi (in Japanese)",{},{"id":20,"text":793,"url":20,"identifiers":794},"Tochigi Prefectural Government (2010a) Tochigi No Genkina Moridukuri Prefectural Tax (to Make Healthy Forests with Subsidies for Thinning Operations*) Business Evaluation Report of Fiscal Year 2009. Tochigi Prefectural Government, Utsunomiya (in Japanese)",{},{"id":20,"text":796,"url":20,"identifiers":797},"Tochigi Prefectural Government (2010b) Forestation program standard unit cost table of Fiscal year 2010. Tochigi Prefectural Government, Tochigi (in Japanese)",{},{"id":736,"text":799,"url":738,"identifiers":800},"Yagi K, Nakata T (2007) Economic analysis on small-scale forest biomass gasification considering regional resource distribution and technical characteristics. J Jpn Inst Energy 86:109–118 (in Japanese with English abstract)",{"doi":740},{"id":20,"text":802,"url":20,"identifiers":803},"Yamaguchi R, Aruga K (2009) A considerable case of collecting wood-residues in Forest-land. Some actual records obtained from the electric power plant utilizing biomasses, belonging to SUMITOMO\u002FOHSAKA cement manufacturing co., ltd.-TOCHIGI factory and its Outskirts. J For Mech Soc 672:1–6 (in Japanese)",{},{"id":736,"text":805,"url":738,"identifiers":806},"Yamaguchi R, Aruga K, Murakami A, Saito M, Ito K (2010) Development of the model to estimate the harvesting volumes and costs of logging residues considering economic balances of timber and logging residue harvesting in Sano city, Tochigi Prefecture. J Jpn Inst Energy 89:982–995 (in Japanese with English Summary)",{"doi":740},{"id":736,"text":808,"url":738,"identifiers":809},"Yamamoto H, Nakata T, Yabe K (2010) Design of biomass co-firing system considering resource distribution and transportation optimization. J Jpn Inst Energy 89:42–52 (in Japanese with English Summary)",{"doi":740},{"id":20,"text":811,"url":20,"identifiers":812},"Yoshioka T, Sakai H (2005) Amount and availability of forest biomass as an energy resource in a mountain region in Japan: a GIS-based analysis. Croatian J For Eng 26:59–70",{},{"id":20,"text":814,"url":20,"identifiers":815},"Zenkoku Ringyo Kairyo Fukyu Kyokai (2001) Management of Forestry Mechanization. Zenkoku Ringyo Kairyo Fukyu Kyokai, Tokyo (in Japanese)",{},{"id":817,"createTime":818,"updateTime":819,"relativeEntities":820,"slug":821,"properties":822,"entityType":173,"verifyStatus":174,"verifyTime":831,"verifyNote":176,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":832,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":833,"publicationType":292,"publisherRelationship":929,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":346,"publishYear":343,"citationAnalyzeStatus":976,"lastCitationAnalyze":977,"indexDatabases":978,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":350},"47968aed-dcf2-4f65-814f-a92ddc4468b4","2024-01-28T19:19:21.600+00:00","2026-07-10T09:51:33.722+00:00",[],"Soil-physical-and-micronutrient-changes-following-clearing-of-a-tropical-rainforest",{"abstract":823,"title":825,"gsPaper":827,"doi":829},{"EN":824},"One of the options for achieving an adequate food supply in tropical Africa is by bringing more land into production. This often requires clearing and developing new vegetation areas for agricultural production. In sub-Saharan Africa, large areas of forest are being cleared for cultivation without adequate knowledge as to the consequences of the clearing method employed. This study was therefore initiated to, among other objectives, assess the effects of some forest clearing methods on soil compaction, texture, and micronutrients. Treatments were the following five clearing methods: (1) mechanical (MC), (2) semi-mechanical (SMC), (3) slash and burn (manual) (SB), (4) mechanical – no planting (MCNP), and (5) slash and burn – no planting (SBNP). After clearing, we planted maize and cowpea in every other row during the first year, and planted maize and cassava during the second year in the plots of treatments 1–3. Changes in soil texture, bulk density, and exchangeable Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were determined. Soil bulk density increased (with depth) in all treatments from the intitial (0–15 cm) level of 1.1 g cm−3 to between 1.27 and 1.39 g cm−3 2 years after clearing, with the highest levels occurring in the MC plots. This indicated that clearing was accompanied by soil compaction. Some changes were noted in soil textural composition, but these were not of practical significance. Exchangeable Mn, Fe, and Cu (0–15 cm) decreased markedly after clearing, especially under MC in the first year. Zinc levels changed little during the study period. The decline in micronutrient levels was paralleled by a decline in soil organic carbon.",{"EN":826},"Soil physical and micronutrient changes following clearing of a tropical rainforest",{"VOID":828},"[]",{"VOID":830},"10.1007\u002Fs10310-003-0030-6","2024-06-25T15:58:18.959+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10310-003-0030-6",[834,849,864,877,890,903,916],{"id":835,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":836,"affiliations":837,"properties":846},"81e80434-8237-4e80-9212-001afbe53a9a",[182],[838],{"id":839,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":840,"properties":20},"7e9a2c3f-21c1-4465-9961-10159bbc0c8b",{"id":839,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":841,"slug":20,"properties":842,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":845,"statistic":20},[],{"title":843},{"VI":844},"Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 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SOM was characterized by chemical analyses, solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic-angle nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS 13C NMR), and optical measurements. Semiquantitative analysis of CPMAS 13C NMR spectra showed the litter of broad-leaved forests to be less resistant to decomposition than that of coniferous forests. The humification degree of SOM was higher under broad-leaved than coniferous forests because of the relatively high percentage of aromatic C and carboxyl C in the humic acids (HAs) of A horizons under broad-leaved forests. Additionally, the E\n                        4\u002FE\n                        6 ratio of HAs was lower in the A horizon under broad-leaved than coniferous forests, which reflected more condensation of SOM. High alkyl C content under coniferous forests could be attributed to needle litter quality, which has a high content of waxes or lipids. 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American Soc Agronomy Inc Soil Sci Soc America, Wisconsin, pp 383–411",{},{"id":20,"text":1141,"url":20,"identifiers":1142},"Gerzabek MH, Daneberg OH, Kandeler E (1996) Humification. In: Schinner F, hlinger R, Kandeler E, Margesin R (eds) Method in soil biology. Springer, New York, pp 116–119",{},{"id":1144,"text":1145,"url":1146,"identifiers":1147},"a52217ab-70a6-4bc8-80d2-df33463986d3","González-Pérez M, Torrado PV, Colnago LA, Martin-Neto L, Otero XL, Milori DMBP, Gomes FH (2008) 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy characterization of humic acids in spodosols under tropical rain forest in southeastern Brazil. Geoderma 146:425–433","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0016706108001766",{"doi":1148},"10.1016\u002Fj.geoderma.2008.06.018",{"id":736,"text":1150,"url":738,"identifiers":1151},"Hagen-Thorn A, Callesen I, Armolaitis K, Nihlgård B (2004) The impact of six European tree species on the chemistry of mineral topsoil in forest plantations on former agricultural land. For Ecol Manag 195:373–384",{"doi":740},{"id":20,"text":1153,"url":20,"identifiers":1154},"Ho CS (1988) An introduction to the geology of Taiwan: explanatory text of the geologic map of Taiwan, 2nd edn. Central Geologic Survey, Taiwan",{},{"id":1156,"text":1157,"url":1158,"identifiers":1159},"69569d82-b64c-4fb8-966e-d53ea0f53f11","Hopkins DW, ODowd RW, Shiel RS (1997) Comparison of d- and l-amino acid metabolism in soils with differing microbial biomass and activity. 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Soil Sci 174:563–573",{"doi":740},{"id":736,"text":1171,"url":738,"identifiers":1172},"Kögel-knabner I, Hempfling R, Zech W, Hatcher PG, Schulten HR (1988) Chemical composition of the organic matter in forest soils: 1. Forest litter. Soil Sci 146:124–136",{"doi":740},{"id":20,"text":1174,"url":20,"identifiers":1175},"Kononova MM (1966) Soil organic matter: its natural, its role in soil formation and in soil fertility, 2nd edn. Pergamon, Oxford, p 544",{},{"id":736,"text":1177,"url":738,"identifiers":1178},"Krosshavn M, Southon TE, Steinnes E (1992) The influence of vegetational origin and degree of humification of organic soils on their chemical composition, determined by solid-state 13C NMR. J Soil Sci 43:485–493",{"doi":740},{"id":736,"text":1180,"url":738,"identifiers":1181},"Lorenz K, Pretson CM, Raspe S, Morrison IK, Feger KH (2000) Litter decoposition and humus characteristics in Canadian and German spruce ecosystem: information from tannin analysis 13C CPMAS NMR. Soil Bio Biochem 32:779–792",{"doi":740},{"id":736,"text":1183,"url":738,"identifiers":1184},"Martin-Neto L, Rosell R, Sposito G (1998) Correlation of spectroscopic indicators of humification with mean annual rainfall along a temperate grassland climosequence. Geoderma 81:305–311",{"doi":740},{"id":20,"text":1186,"url":20,"identifiers":1187},"McLean EO (1982) Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (eds) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2 chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd edn edn. American Society of Agronomy Inc, Soil Science Society of America, Wisconsin, pp 199–224",{},{"id":736,"text":1189,"url":738,"identifiers":1190},"Novak JM, Smeck NE (1991) Comparisons of humic substances extracted from contiguous Alfisols and Mollisols of southwestern Ohio. 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Soil Sci 161:144–166",{},{"id":736,"text":1204,"url":738,"identifiers":1205},"Quideau SA, Chadwick OA, Benesi A, Graham RC, Anderson MA (2001) A direct link between forest vegetation type and soil organic matter composition. Geoderma 104:41–60",{"doi":740},{"id":736,"text":1207,"url":738,"identifiers":1208},"Schöning I, Kögel-Knabner I (2006) Chemical composition of young and old carbon pools throught cambisoils and luvisoils under forests. Soil Biol Biochem 38:2411–2424",{"doi":740},{"id":1210,"text":1211,"url":1212,"identifiers":1213},"0006b177-5de1-4041-b6d3-e6e952adda81","Sensi N, D’Orazio V, Ricca G (2003) Humic acids in the first generation of EUROSOILS. Geoderma 116:325–334","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0016706103001071",{"doi":1214},"10.1016\u002Fs0016-7061(03)00107-1",{"id":20,"text":1216,"url":20,"identifiers":1217},"Staff SoilSurvey (2006) Keys to soil taxonomy, 10th edn. United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC",{},{"id":736,"text":1219,"url":738,"identifiers":1220},"Swift RS (1996) Organic matter characterization. In: Sparks DL (ed) Methods of soil analysis. Part 3 chemical methods. American Society of Agronomy Inc, Soil Science Society America, Wisconsin, pp 1011–1069",{"doi":740},{"id":736,"text":1222,"url":738,"identifiers":1223},"Tan KH (1985) Scanning electron microscopy of humic matter as influenced by methods of preparation. Soil Sci Soc Am J 49:1185–1191",{"doi":740},{"id":20,"text":1225,"url":20,"identifiers":1226},"Thomas GW (1982) Exchangeable cation. In: Miller RH, Keeney DR (eds) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2 chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd edn. American Society of Agronomy Inc, Soil Science Society of America, Wisconsin, pp 159–165",{},{"id":736,"text":1228,"url":738,"identifiers":1229},"Ussiri DAN, Johnson CE (2003) Characterization of organic matter in a northern hardwood forest soil by 13C NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods. Geoderma 11:123–149",{"doi":740},{"id":1231,"text":1232,"url":1233,"identifiers":1234},"49482adb-d58a-4688-ad3e-40d400193bc5","Wang QK, Wang SL (2007) Soil organic matter under different forest types in Southern China. Geoderma 142:349–356","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0016706107002777",{"doi":1235},"10.1016\u002Fj.geoderma.2007.09.006",{"id":1237,"text":1238,"url":1239,"identifiers":1240},"bbc2395d-9081-4ef3-bb4a-6eb7563e83cb","Zech W, Senesi N, Guggenberger G, Kaiser K, Lehamann J, Miano TM, Miltner A, Schroth G (1997) Factors controlling humification and mineralization of soil organic matter in the tropics. Geoderma 79:117–161","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0016706197000402",{"doi":1241},"10.1016\u002Fs0016-7061(97)00040-2",{"id":736,"text":1243,"url":738,"identifiers":1244},"Zinn YL, Resck DVS, de Silva JE (2002) Soil organic carbon as affected by afforestation with Eucalyptus and Pinus in the Cerrado regin of Brazil. For Ecol Manage 166:285–294",{"doi":740},{"id":1246,"createTime":1247,"updateTime":1248,"relativeEntities":1249,"slug":1250,"properties":1251,"entityType":173,"verifyStatus":174,"verifyTime":1261,"verifyNote":176,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1262,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1263,"publicationType":292,"publisherRelationship":1303,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1351,"publishYear":1352,"citationAnalyzeStatus":976,"lastCitationAnalyze":1353,"indexDatabases":1354,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":350},"9e9fb7eb-e5ce-4dfd-812a-f3e232484bb1","2024-01-08T17:35:38.418+00:00","2026-06-02T16:59:42.937+00:00",[],"Changes-in-the-sapwood-area-of-Japanese-cedar-and-cypress-plantations-after-thinning",{"abstract":1252,"title":1254,"gsPaper":1256,"references":1257,"doi":1259},{"EN":1253},"Previous studies have revealed that the sapwood area at stand scale (A) is an important factor determining changes in transpiration by canopy trees (E). This study examined changes in A for four to six years after thinning of two Japanese cedar and two cypress plantation sites, each having three or four plots with different thinning intensities and one control plot. We focused on whether there was a difference in A (δA) between a thinned plot and a control plot during the experimental period. We observed increased radial stem growth for plots with low stem density (N) due to intensive thinning. However, δA did not decrease to zero during the experimental period for any plot. The increased radial stem growth was not large enough to cancel the effect of low N due to thinning. These results imply that a lower E for thinned plantations as compared to non-thinned plantationsis remains for several years (more than 10 years, according to our results) after thinning and that thinning could be an effective method of reducing water consumption by canopy trees.",{"EN":1255},"Changes in the sapwood area of Japanese cedar and cypress plantations after thinning",{"VOID":828},{"VOID":1258},"Alsheimer M, Köstner B, Falge E, Tenhunen JD (1998) Temporal and spatial variation in transpiration of Norway spruce stands within a forested catchment of the Fichtelgebirge, Germany. Ann Sci For 55:103–123. doi:10.1051\u002Fforest:19980107\nBréda N, Granier A, Aussenac G (1995) Effects of thinning on soil and tree water relations, transpiration and growth in an oak forest (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). Tree Physiol 15:295–306. doi:10.1093\u002Ftreephys\u002F15.5.295\nDung BX, Miyata S, Gomi T (2011) Effect of forest thinning on overland flow generation on hillslopes covered by Japanese cypress. Ecohydrology 4:367–378. doi:10.1002\u002Feco.135\nFord CR, Laseter SH, Swank WT, Vose JM (2011) Can forest management be used to sustain water-based ecosystem services in the face of climate change? Ecol Appl 21:2049–2067. doi:10.1890\u002F10-2246.1\nForestry and Forest Products Research Institute (2010) Points for intensive thinning operation of dense stands. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kochi. (Available at http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ffpri-skk.affrc.go.jp\u002Fseika\u002Fkyodokanbatusegyo.pdf)\nFujimori T (2000) Living with forests. Maruzen, Tokyo\nFukada H, Watanabe N, Miyata H, Yamasaki T (2009) Effect on growth and quality of remained trees by strong thinning. Bull Kochi Pref For Tech Cen 34:56–83\nHayashi S, Sakai K (1972) Competition in relation to growth of trees in Cryptomeria forests. J Jpn For Soc 54:218–225\nImawaka S, Sato N (2008) Study on new forest maintenance projects by “Forest Environmental Tax”. Bull Kyushu Univ For 89:75–126\nJapan Forestry Agency (2013) White paper for forest and forestry. Japan Forestry Agency, Tokyo. (Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.rinya.maff.go.jp\u002Fj\u002Fkikaku\u002Fhakusyo\u002Findex.html)\nKawahara T, Kamo K, Isagi Y, Kiyono Y (1989) Experiment of exploitation thinning in young Cryptomerria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa stands. Bull FFPRI 356:47–62\nKiyono Y (1988) Analyses of factors affecting the dynamics of coverage and number of species in understories in Chamaecyparis obtusa plantations. J Jpn For Soc 70:455–460\nKomatsu H (2010) Forests and water resources. Suiri Kagaku 314:1–29\nKomatsu H, Kume T, Otsuki K (2008) The effect of converting a native broad-leaved forest to a coniferous plantation forest on annual water yield: a paired-catchment study in northern Japan. For Ecol Manage 255:880–886. doi:10.1016\u002Fj.foreco.2007.10.010\nKomatsu H, Kume T, Otsuki K (2009) Effects of coniferous plantation thinning on annual interception evaporation: model verification. J Jpn For Soc 91:94–103\nKomatsu H, Kume T, Otsuki K (2010) Water resource management in Japan-forest management or dam reservoirs? J Environ Manage 91:814–823. doi:10.1016\u002Fj.jenvman.2009.10.011\nKomatsu H, Shinohara Y, Nogata M, Tsuruta K, Otsuki K (2013) Changes in canopy transpiration due to thinning of a Cryptomeria japonica plantation. Hydrol Res Lett 7:60–65. doi:10.3178\u002Fhrl.7.60\nKumagai T, Nagasawa H, Mabuchi T, Ohsaki S, Kubota K, Kogi K, Utsumi Y, Koga S, Otsuki K (2005) Sources of error in estimating stand transpiration using allometric relationships between stem diameter and sapwood area for Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa. For Ecol Manage 206:191–195. doi:10.1016\u002Fj.foreco.2004.10.066\nKume T, Tsuruta K, Komatsu H, Kumagai T, Higashi N, Shinohara Y, Otsuki K (2010) Effects of sample size on sap flux-based stand-scale transpiration estimates. Tree Physiol 30:129–138. doi:10.1093\u002Ftreephys\u002Ftpp074\nKunisaki T (2001) DBH distribution dynamics of even-aged tree populations: in the case of conifers. Jpn J For Plan 35:31–45\nKuraji K (2003) Effects of forests on stabilizing streamflow. Nihon Chisan-Chisui Kyokai, Tokyo\nLagergren F, Lankreijer H, Kučera J, Cienciala E, Mölder M, Lindroth A (2008) Thinning effects on pine-spruce forest transpiration in central Sweden. For Ecol Manage 255:2312–2323. doi:10.1016\u002Fj.foreco.2007.12.047\nLicata JA, Pypker TG, Weigandt M, Unsworth MH, Gyenge JE, Fernández ME, Schlichter TM, Bond BJ (2011) Decreased rainfall interception balances increased transpiration in exotic ponderosa pine plantations compared with native cypress stands in Patagonia, Argentina. Ecohydrology 4:83–93. doi:10.1002\u002Feco.125\nMacfarlane C, Bond C, White D, Grigg AH, Ogden GN, Silberstein R (2010) Transpiration and hydraulic traits of old and regrowth eucalypt forest in southwestern Australia. For Ecol Manage 260:96–105. doi:10.1016\u002Fj.foreco.2010.04.005\nMiyamoto K, Okuda S, Inagaki Y, Kodani E, Noguchi M, Itou T (2009) Comparison of growth performance and leaf area index in Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations 5 years after thinning. Jpn J For Environ 51:21–26\nMoore G, Bond BJ, Jones JA, Meinzer FC (2010) Thermal-dissipation sap flow sensors may not yield consistent sap-flux estimates over multiple years. Trees 24:65–174. doi:10.1007\u002Fs00468-009-0390-4\nMorikawa Y, Hattori S, Kiyono Y (1986) Transpiration of a 31-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. stand before and after thinning. Tree Physiol 2:105–114. doi:10.1093\u002Ftreephys\u002F2.1-2-3.105\nMorotomi T, Numao N (2012) Fiscal science of water and forest. Nippon-Keizai-Hyoronsha, Tokyo\nMurakami S, Tsuboyama Y, Shimizu T, Fujieda M, Noguchi S (2000) Variation of evapotranspiration with stand age and climate in a small Japanese forested catchment. J Hydrol 227:114–127. doi:10.1016\u002FS0022-1694(99)00175-4\nOnda Y, Gomi T, Mizugaki S, Nonoda T, Sidle RC (2010) An overview of the field and modeling studies on the effect of forest devastation on flooding and environmental issues. Hydrol Process 24:527–534. doi:10.1002\u002Fhyp.7548\nSawano S, Komatsu H, Suzuki M (2005) Differences in annual precipitation amounts between forested area, agricultural area, and urban area in Japan. J Jpn Soc Hydrol Water Resour 18:435–440\nTakeuchi I, Tadaki Y, Hchiya K, Kawahara T, Sato A (1975) Thinning experiment of 30-year-old plantation of Chamaecyparis obtusa—In reference to line-thinning—. Bull Gov For Exp Sta 272:141–155\nTamai S, Ohkubo Y, Tsutsumi T (1983) Studies on the effects of thinning small-diameter trees (VI) changes in structure and biomass of a Cryptomeria japonica stand during twelve years after thinning. J Jpn For Soc 65:372–381\nTrisurat Y, Alkemade R, Verburg PH (2010) Projecting land-use change and its consequences for biodiversity in northern Thailand. Environ Manage 45:626–639. doi:10.1007\u002Fs00267-010-9438-x\nTsukamoto Y (1998) Conservation of forest, water, and soil. Asakura, Tokyo\nTsuruta K, Komatsu H, Shinohara Y, Kume T, Ichihashi R, Otsuki K (2011) Allometric equations between stem diameter and sapwood area of Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress for stand transpiration estimates using sap flow measurement. J Jpn Soc Hydrol Water Resour 24:261–270\nVertessy RA, Watson FGR, O’Sullivan SK (2001) Factors determining relations between stand age and catchment water balance in mountain ash forests. For Ecol Manage 143:13–26. doi:10.1016\u002FS0378-1127(00)00501-6\nYashiro Y, Lee NYM, Ohtsuka T, Shizu Y, Saitoh TM, Koizumi H (2010) Biometric-based estimation of net ecosystem production in a mature Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantation beneath a flux tower. J Plant Res 123:463–472. doi:10.1007\u002Fs10265-010-0323-8",{"VOID":1260},"10.1007\u002Fs10310-014-0468-8","2024-05-17T10:23:33.353+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tandfonline.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10310-014-0468-8",[1264,1288],{"id":1265,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1266,"affiliations":1267,"properties":1285},"acb6d667-4b5e-4416-aa9e-e184ca7e73c9",[182],[1268,1276],{"id":1269,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1270,"properties":20},"a40a39c5-b269-47f7-9621-5880fda3b63f",{"id":1269,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1271,"slug":20,"properties":1272,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1275,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1273},{"VI":1274},"The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan",[],{"id":1277,"sortIndex":88,"affiliation":1278,"properties":1284},"b236d30a-7469-41f3-8954-0344309ebf46",{"id":1277,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1279,"slug":20,"properties":1280,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1283,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1281},{"VI":1282},"Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan",[],{},{"title":1286},{"VI":1287},"Hikaru Komatsu",{"id":1289,"sortIndex":88,"researcher":20,"roles":1290,"affiliations":1291,"properties":1300},"dc689671-90b9-4174-a3d5-1cf8ea44d043",[182],[1292],{"id":1293,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1294,"properties":20},"e7283910-85b9-47c7-9a83-b194adbdfcc2",{"id":1293,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1295,"slug":20,"properties":1296,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1299,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1297},{"VI":1298},"School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan",[],{"title":1301},{"VI":1302},"Tomonori Kume",{"url":1262,"publisher":1304,"properties":1346},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1305,"slug":10,"properties":1306,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":1310,"manageAffiliations":1315,"indexDatabases":1326,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":1341,"gsStatistic":20,"type":20,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":1307,"title":1308,"eissn":1309},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},{"VOID":17},[1311],{"id":24,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1312,"label":1313,"description":1314,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":27},{},[1316,1321],{"id":31,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1317,"slug":20,"properties":1318,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1320,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1319},{"EN":35},[],{"id":38,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1322,"slug":20,"properties":1323,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1325,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1324},{"EN":42},[],[1327,1334],{"id":46,"indexDatabase":1328,"url":57,"indexYears":58,"academicFieldIds":1333,"indexDatabaseRanking":61},{"id":48,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1329,"label":1330,"description":1331,"key":54,"publicationTags":1332,"standard":20},[],{"EN":51,"VI":51},{"EN":51,"VI":53},[56],[60],{"id":63,"indexDatabase":1335,"url":76,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":1340,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":65,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1336,"label":1337,"description":1338,"key":72,"publicationTags":1339,"standard":20},[],{"EN":68,"VI":68},{"EN":70,"VI":71},[74,75],[78],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":1342,"i10Index":89,"i10IndexLast5Year":88,"totalPublication":90,"totalPublicationByYear":1343,"totalCitation":107,"totalCitationByYear":1344,"totalCitationPerPublication":131,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1345,"hindexLast5Year":94,"hindex":94},{"2012":81,"2013":82,"2014":83,"2015":84,"2016":85,"2017":86,"2018":84,"2021":87,"2022":88},{"1996":92,"1997":93,"1998":94,"1999":95,"2000":95,"2001":92,"2002":92,"2003":93,"2004":96,"2005":97,"2006":98,"2007":99,"2008":94,"2009":100,"2010":101,"2011":102,"2012":101,"2013":103,"2014":104,"2015":105,"2016":106,"2020":88},{"1996":109,"1997":110,"1998":111,"1999":112,"2000":113,"2001":114,"2002":115,"2003":116,"2004":117,"2005":118,"2006":119,"2007":120,"2008":121,"2009":122,"2010":123,"2011":124,"2012":125,"2013":126,"2014":127,"2015":128,"2016":129,"2020":130},{"1996":133,"1997":134,"1998":135,"1999":136,"2000":137,"2001":138,"2002":139,"2003":140,"2004":141,"2005":142,"2006":143,"2007":144,"2008":145,"2009":146,"2010":147,"2011":148,"2012":149,"2013":150,"2014":151,"2015":152,"2016":153,"2020":130},{"pages":1347,"volume":1349},{"VOID":1348},"43-51",{"VOID":1350},"20","2014-10-10",2014,"2026-06-02T16:59:42.936+00:00",[61,74],{"id":1356,"createTime":1357,"updateTime":1358,"relativeEntities":1359,"slug":1360,"properties":1361,"entityType":173,"verifyStatus":174,"verifyTime":1372,"verifyNote":176,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1373,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1374,"publicationType":292,"publisherRelationship":1472,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1519,"publishYear":698,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":1520,"indexDatabases":1521,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":350},"3f5ac3ef-45cd-4672-8118-e54013fb587f","2023-12-17T23:47:34.271+00:00","2026-05-13T16:02:21.937+00:00",[],"Comparison-of-histological-responses-and-tissue-damage-expansion-between-resistant-and-susceptible-Pinus-thunbergii-infected-with-pine-wood-nematode-Bursaphelenchus-xylophilus",{"abstract":1362,"title":1364,"gsPaper":1366,"references":1368,"doi":1370},{"EN":1363},"Pine wilt disease caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has been epidemic and has had disastrous impacts on pine forests and forest ecosystems in eastern Asia. Many pine species in this area are susceptible to this disease. Pinus thunbergii is particularly susceptible. In Japan, tree breeders have selected surviving trees from severely damaged forests as resistant candidates, and have finally established several resistant varieties of P. thunbergii. However, this breeding procedure requires much time and effort due to the lack of physiological and phenotypical information about resistance. To investigate the resistance mechanisms of selected P. thunbergii, we compared histochemical responses, tissue damage expansion, and PWN distribution in resistant and susceptible clones of P. thunbergii after PWN inoculation. The results suggested that the mechanisms of resistance are as follows: damage expansion in the cortex, cambium, and xylem axial resin canals are retarded in resistant trees soon after inoculation, probably due to the induction of wall protein-based defenses. Suppression of PWN reproduction was particularly caused by inhibition of damage expansion in the cambium. The slow expansion of damage in each tissue provides time for the host to complete the biosynthesis of lignin in the walls of cells that surround the damaged regions. This lignification of cell walls is assumed to effectively inhibit the migration and reproduction of the PWNs. The mechanism of initial damage retardation is presumed to be a key for resistance.",{"EN":1365},"Comparison of histological responses and tissue damage expansion between resistant and susceptible Pinus thunbergii infected with pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus",{"VOID":1367},"[\"17477807271584282204\"]",{"VOID":1369},"Berlett BS, Stadtman ER (1997) Protein oxidation in aging, disease, and oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 272:20313–20316\nBiggs AR (1984) Intracellular suberin: occurrence and detection in tree bark. IAWA Bull NS 5:243–248\nBradley DJ, Kjellborn P, Lamb CJ (1992) Elicitor- and wound-induced oxidative cross-linking of a proline-rich plant cell wall protein: a novel, rapid defense response. Cell 70:21–30\nBrisson LF, Tenhaken R, Lamb C (1994) Function of oxidative cross-linking of cell wall structural proteins in plant disease resistance. Plant Cell 6:1703–1712\nBrown I, Trethowan J, Kerry M, Mansfield J, Bolwell GP (1998) Localization of components of the oxidative cross-linking of glycoproteins and of callose synthesis in papillae formed during the interaction between non-pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas campestris and French bean mesophyll cells. Plant J 15:333–343\nde Guiran G, Bruguier N (1989) Hybridization and phylogeny of the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus spp.). Nematologica 35:321–330\nDean RT, Fu S, Stocker R, Davies MJ (1997) Biochemistry and pathology of radical-mediated protein oxidation. Biochem J 324:1–18\nFukuda K (1997) Physiological process of the symptom development and resistance mechanism in pine wilt disease. J For Res 2:171–181\nFukuda K, Hogetsu T, Suzuki K (1992) Cavitation and cytological changes in xylem of pine seedlings inoculated with virulent and avirulent isolates of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus. J Jpn For Soc 74:289–299\nFukuda K, Hogetsu T, Suzuki K (1994) Ethylene production during the symptom development of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Eur J For Pathol 24:193–202\nHara N, Takeuchi Y, Futai K (2006) Cytological changes in ray parenchyma cells of seedlings of three pine species infected with the pine wilt disease. Jpn J Nematol 36:23–33\nHeintz C, Blaich R (1990) Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on interactions between Vitis vinifera L. and Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr. New Phytol 115:107–117\nHirao T, Fukatsu E, Watanabe A (2012) Characterization of resistance to pine wood nematode infection in Pinus thunbergii using suppression subtractive hybridization. BMC Plant Biol 12:13\nIchihara Y, Fukuda K, Suzuki K (2000a) Early symptom development and histological changes associated with migration of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in seedling tissues of Pinus thunbergii. Plant Dis 84:675–680\nIchihara Y, Fukuda K, Suzuki K (2000b) The effect of periderm formation in the cortex of Pinus thunbergii on early invasion by the pinewood nematode. For Pathol 30:141–148\nIkeda T, Kiyohara T (1995) Water relations, xylem embolism and histological features of Pinus thunbergii inoculated with virulent or avirulent pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. J Exp Bot 46:441–449\nIkeda T, Suzaki T (1984) Influence of pine-wood nematodes on hydraulic conductivity and water status in Pinus thunbergii. J Jpn For Soc 66:412–420\nIshida K, Hogetsu T, Fukuda K, Suzuki K (1993) Cortical responses in Japanese black pine to attack by the pine-wood nematode. Can J Bot 71:1399–1405\nJensen WA (1962) Botanical histochemistry. Freedom, San Francisco\nKawaguchi E (2006) Relationship between the anatomical characteristics of cortical resin canals and migration of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in stem cuttings of Pinus thunbergii seedlings. J Jpn For Soc 88:240–244 (in Japanese with an English abstract)\nKawamoto T (2003) Use of a new adhesive film for the preparation of multi-purpose fresh-frozen sections from hard tissues, whole-animals, insects and plants. Arch Histol Cytol 66:123–143\nKiyohara T, Tokushige Y (1971) Inoculation experiments of a nematode, Bursaphelenchus sp., onto pine trees. J Jpn For Soc 53:210–218 (in Japanese with an English abstract)\nKomatsu M, Son J, Matsushita N, Hogetsu T (2008) Fluorescein-labeled wheat germ agglutinin stains the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. J For Res 13:132–136\nKuroda K (2004) Inhibiting factors of symptom development in several Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) families selected as resistant to pine wilt. J For Res 9:217–224\nKuroda K, Yamada T, Mineo K (1988) Effects of cavitation on the development of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn 54:606–615\nKuroda K, Yamada T, Ito S (1991) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus induced pine wilt: factors associated with resistance. Eur J For Pathol 21:430–438\nKusumoto D (2005) Concentrations of lignin and wall-bound ferulic acid after wounding in the phloem of Chamaecyparis obtusa. Trees 19:451–456\nMamiya Y (1985) Initial pathological changes and disease development in pine trees induced by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn 51:546–555\nMamiya Y, Enda N (1972) Transmission of Bursaphelenchus lignicolus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) by Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Nematologica 18:159–162\nMellersh DG, Foulds IV, Higgins VJ, Heath MC (2002) H2O2 plays different roles in determining penetration failure in three diverse plant-fungal interactions. Plant J 29:257–268\nMori T, Inoue T (1986) Pine-wood nematode-induced ethylene production in pine stems and cellulase as an inducer. J Jpn For Soc 68:43–50 (in Japanese with an English abstract)\nMota MM, Vieira PC (2008) Pine wilt disease in Portugal. In: Zhao BG, Futai K, Sutherland JR, Takeuchi Y (eds) Pine wilt disease. Springer, Tokyo, pp 33–38\nMota MM, Braasch H, Bravo MA, Penas AC, Burgermeister W, Metge K, Sousa E (1999) First report of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal and in Europe. Nematology 1:727–734\nMyers RF (1986) Cambium destruction in conifers caused by pinewood nematodes. J Nematol 18:398–402\nNobuchi T, Tominaga T, Futai K, Harada H (1984) Cytological study of pathological changes in Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings after inoculation with pine-wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Bull Kyoto Univ For 56:224–233\nNose M, Shiraishi S (2011) Comparison of the gene expression profiles of resistant and non-resistant Japanese black pine inoculated with pine wood nematode using a modified Long SAGE technique. For Pathol 41:143–155\nO’Brien TP, Feder N, McCully ME (1964) Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O. 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The dataset came from National Forest Inventory plots. Stochastic variability is broken down among sites, blocks, plots, and within-tree components to account for repeated measurements and the hierarchical structure imposed by the sampling scheme. In addition, within-tree heteroscedasticity and correlation were taken into account. The dataset consisted of 583 plots, 62,831 trees, and 251,324 observations. The dataset was randomly split into ten parts and 80 % was used for initial model development while 20 % was used for model validation. Statistically significant predictors were total number of stems per hectare, the natural logarithm of initial diameter, basal area of trees larger than the subject tree, elevation, and thinning intensity. Both the fitting model and the validation dataset showed a substantial improvement compared with the classical approach widely used in forest management. The model was developed using autoregressive moving average [ARMA(1,1)] and constpower function covariance structures, and it performed better than the model developed using only random-intercept effects.",{"EN":1685},"Individual-tree diameter growth model for fir plantations based on multi-level linear mixed effects models across southeast China",{"VOID":1687},"[\"16499779054828311143\"]",{"VOID":1689},"Adame P, Hynynen J, Canellas I, del Rio M (2008) Individual-tree diameter growth model for rebollo oak (Quercus pyrenacia Willd) coppices. For Ecol Manag 255:1011–1022\nAndreassen K, Tomter SM (2003) Basal area growth models for individual trees of Norway spruce, Scots pine, birch and other broadleaves in Norway. For Ecol Manag 180:11–24\nBelcher DM, Holdaway MR, Brand GJ (1982) STEMS-the stand and tree evaluation and modeling system. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NC-79\nBiging GS (1985) Improved estimates of site index curves using varying parameter model. 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In: Bissonette JA, Storch I (eds) Temporal dimensions of landscape ecology: wildlife responses to variable resources, Springer, New York\nHall DB, Bailey RL (2001) Modeling and prediction of forest growth variables based on multilevel nonlinear mixed models. For Sci 47:311–321\nHann DW, Larsen DR (1991) Diameter growth equations for fourteen tree species in Southwest Oregon forest research laboratory, Oregon State University Research Bulletin 69, p 18\nHastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman J (2001) The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction. Springer, New York\nHilt DE, Teck RM (1989) NE-TWIGS: an individual tree growth and yield projection system for the Northeastern United States. The Compiler 7(2):10–16\nKiernan DH, Bevilacqua E, Nyland RD (2008) Individual-tree diameter growth model for sugar maple trees in even-aged northern hardwood stands under selection system. For Ecol Manag 256:1579–1586\nLappi J (1986) Mixed linear models for analyzing and predicting stem form variation of Scots pine. Commun Inst For Fenn 134:1–69\nLappi J, Malinen J (1994) Random parameter height-age models when stand parameters and stand age are correlated. For Sci 40:715–731\nLarsen DR, Johnson PS (1998) Linking the ecology of natural oak regeneration to silviculture. For Ecol Manag 106:1–7\nLeak W (1966) Analysis of multiple systematic remeasurement. For Sci 12:69–73\nLessard VC, McRoberts RE, Holdaway MR (2001) Diameter growth models using Minnesota Forest Inventory and analysis data. For Sci 47:301–310\nLhotka JM, Loewenstein EF (2011) An individual-tree diameter growth model for managed uneven-aged oak-shortleaf pine stands in the Ozark Highlands of Missouri, USA. For Ecol Manag 261:770–778\nMabvurira D, Miina J (2002) Individual-tree growth and mortality models for Eucalyptus grandis (Hill) maiden plantations in Zimbabwe. For Ecol Manag 161:231–245\nMonserud RA, Sterba H (1996) A basal area increment model for individual trees growing in even- and uneven-aged forest stands in Austria. For Ecol Manag 80:57–80\nNirmal S, Mahadev S (2011) Individual-tree diameter growth models for black spruce and jack pine plantations in northern Ontario. For Ecol Manag 261:2140–2148\nOmule SAY, MacDonald RN (1991) Simultaneous fitting for repeated height-diameter measurements. Can J For Res 21:1418–1422\nPinheiro JC, Bates DM (2000) Mixed effects models in S and S-plus. Springer, New York\nRawlings JO, Pantula SG, Dickey DA (1998) Applied regression analysis: a research tool, 2nd edn. Springer, New York\nReineke LH (1933) Perfecting a stand-density index for even-aged forest. J Agric Res 46:627–638\nRichards FJ (1959) A flexible growth function for empirical use. J Exp Bot 10:290–300\nSchabenberger O, Gregoire TG (1995) A conspectus on estimating function theory and its application to recurrent modelling issues in forest biometry. Silva Fenn 29:49–70\nStage AR (1976) An expression for the effect of slope, aspect and habitat type on tree growth. For Sci 22:457–460\nTeck RM, Hilt DE (1991) Individual tree diameter growth model for northeastern United States. Res Pap NE-649. USDA For Serv Res Pap NE-649, p 11\nUzoh FCC (2001) A height increment equation for young ponderosa pine plantations using precipitation and soil factors. For Ecol Manag 142:191–201\nUzoh FCC, Oliver WW (2008) Individual tree diameter increment model for managed even-aged stands of Ponderosa pine throughout the western United States using a multilevel linear mixed effects model. For Ecol Manag 256:438–445\nVanclay K (1994) Modelling forest growth and yield-application to mixed tropical forests, CAB international, UK\nVerbeke G, Molenberghs G (2000) Linear mixed models for longitudinal data, Springer, New york\nVonesh EF, Chinchilli VM (1997) Linear and nonlinear models for the analysis of repeated measurements, Marcel Dekker, New York\nWeiner J (1990) Asymmetric competition in plant populations. Trends Ecol Evol 5:360–364\nWeiskittel AR, Garber SM, Johnson GP, Maguire DA, Monserud RA (2007) Annualized diameter and height growth equations for Pacific Northwest plantation-grown Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and red alder. For Ecol Manag 250:266–278\nWest PW, Ratkowsky DA, Davis AW (1984) Problems of hypothesis testing of regressions with multiple measurements from individual sampling units. For Ecol Manag 7:207–224\nWykoff WR (1990) A basal area increment model for individual conifers in the northern Rocky Mountains. For Sci 36:1077–1104\nYang Y, Titus SJ, Huang S (2003) Modeling individual tree mortality for white spruce in Alberta. Ecol Model 163:209–222\nZhao D, Borders B, Wilson M (2004) Individual-tree diameter growth and mortality models for bottomland mixed species hardwood stands in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley. For Ecol Manag 199:307–322\nZhao D, Wilson M, Borders BE (2005) Modeling response curves and testing treatment effects in repeated measures experiments: a multilevel nonlinear mixed-effects model approach. 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