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Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy","Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ",{"EN":487,"VI":488},"\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">04\u002F10\u002F2015 Ministry of Information and Communications allowed Can Tho journal of medicine and pharmacy to operate (102 \u002FGP-BTTTT)\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">07\u002F16\u002F2015 Can Tho journal of medicine and pharmacy is internationally recognized: ISSN 2354-1210\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">In 2016, The journal has been included in the list of medical science journals by The State Council for professorship which is awarded a work score of 0-0.5 points for a published article.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Can Tho Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy welcome original works that haven’t been submitted or published in other medical journals. Posts must contain content related to one of the journal’s categories.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">The content published\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">The journal is divided into 3 categories:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Scientific research article: are valuable scientific works, which have been researched and accepted.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Overview of medicine, biology and pharmacy: serving the objective of continuing training in the fields of medicine, biology and pharmacy; to systematize classical and modern knowledge.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Update information on new knowledge about medicine, biology, pharmacy in the country and in the world.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Scope\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Publication and introduction of scientific research in the fields:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">+ Medicine (internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, odonto-stomatology, laboratory, oncology, traditional medicine, nursing).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">+ Biology (genetics, biotechnology).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">+ Pharmacology (pharmaceutics, drug quality analysis-control, synthetic pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacognosy, botany, clinical pharmacy).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- To enhance the quality of undergraduate, postgraduate education, scientifically researching and meet the necessary treatment in hospital.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Introducing the updated domestic and oversea information about science technology to promote scientific research and exchanging technology in local, other universities.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">- Exchanging pharmaceutical and medical information for social health developing in the Mekong Delta and Vietnam.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">The object\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Postgraduate students, student of Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, scientists from schools, research institutes, hospitals, health centers, pharmaceutical companies of the Mekong Delta; other provinces and regions in Vietnam and other country.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Address\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Headquarters of Can Tho Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, located Scientific Research and International Cooperation Office: 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, An Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Ngày 16\u002F7\u002F2015, Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ được cấp chỉ số quốc tế: ISSN 2354-1210.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Từ tháng 4\u002F2016, Tạp chí đã được Hội đồng Giáo sư ngành Y đưa vào danh sách các tạp chí khoa học Y học được tính điểm công trình 0-0,5 điểm cho một bài báo đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Năm 2020 Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ đã được phê duyệt vào danh mục của các Hội đồng Giáo sư ngành Dược học được tính điểm công trình 0-0,5 điểm cho một bài báo đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ ra 12 số\u002Fnăm, 180-200 trang\u002Fsố.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Từ tháng 12\u002F2022 Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ là thành viên của hệ thống Crossref và từ tháng 01\u002F2023 tạp chí thực hiện bình duyệt online kín 2 chiều nhằm tăng tính minh bạch, tin cậy của các công trình nghiên cứu khoa học và đảm bảo tốt nhất chất lượng khoa học của bài viết.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tôn chỉ, mục đích và phạm vi của tạp chí\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tôn chỉ và mục đích hoạt động của tạp chí: xuất bản nhằm mục đích phổ biến kết quả từ các đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học; giao lưu trao đổi khoa học, chia sẻ kinh nghiệm, học tập, đồng thời cập nhật thông tin khoa học mới trong các lĩnh vực y, sinh, dược học trong và ngoài nước.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Phạm vi của tạp chí: Tạp chí xuất bản được chia thành 3 chuyên mục: (i) Bài báo nghiên cứu khoa học là kết quả công trình nghiên cứu khoa học có giá trị đã được triển khai nghiên cứu, (ii) Bài tổng quan y, sinh, dược học: phục vụ mục tiêu đào tạo liên tục trong lĩnh vực y, sinh, dược học; nhằm hệ thống hóa những kiến thức kinh điển và hiện đại; (iii) Thông tin cập nhật kiến thức mới về y, sinh, dược học trong nước và trên thế giới.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Chính sách truy cập mở\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ áp dụng chính sách truy cập mở đối với các bài báo đã xuất bản đến với độc giả, nhằm mở rộng cơ hội tiếp cận các kết quả nghiên cứu chất lượng cao và tăng cường trao đổi kiến thức. Tạp chí đăng tải trực tuyến (miễn phí) toàn văn các bài báo được công bố trên website của Tạp chí (https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đạo đức xuất bản\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ cam kết tuân thủ đạo đức xuất bản phù hợp với các hướng dẫn và tiêu chuẩn của the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), tuân thủ các nguyên tắc của COPE’s Core Practices, Best Practices Guidelines for Journal Editors và Guidelines on Good Publication Practices.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Bản thảo bài báo chỉ được chấp nhận khi được tác giả chịu trách nhiệm chính cam kết các nội dung sau: Các nội dung của bản thảo chưa được đăng tải toàn bộ hoặc một phần ở các tạp chí khác; Tất cả các tác giả đều có đóng góp một cách đáng kể vào quá trình nghiên cứu hoặc chuẩn bị bản thảo và cùng chịu trách nhiệm về các nội dung của bản thảo; Tuân thủ các biện pháp đảm bảo đạo đức nghiên cứu (ví dụ thỏa thuận đồng ý tham gia nghiên cứu).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Cam kết bảo mật\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí cam kết thực hiện và tuân thủ các quy định của luật và các văn bản hướng dẫn liên quan đến bảo mật thông tin cá nhân trên không gian mạng. Các thông tin mà người dùng (tác giả, độc giả, biên tập viên, người phản biện) nhập vào các biểu mẫu trên Hệ thống Quản lý xuất bản trực tuyến của tạp chí chỉ được sử dụng vào các mục đích đã được tuyên bố rõ ràng và sẽ không được cung cấp cho bất kỳ bên thứ ba nào khác, hay dùng vào bất kỳ mục đích nào khác.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Phí gửi bài\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Lệ phí gửi đăng bài: 1.000.000đ\u002Fbài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Lệ phí gửi đăng nhanh: 1.500.000đ\u002Fbài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đối với tác giả là cán bộ viên chức thuộc Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ thì được hỗ trợ 50% lệ phí gửi đăng bài.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đối với sinh viên thực hiện đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học cấp trường được hỗ trợ 100% lệ phí đăng bài ( Tác giả gửi đính kèm “ Quyết định về việc giao tổ chức thực hiện đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học cấp Trường của sinh viên”).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Hình thức nộp lệ phí:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Tiền mặt:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Nộp trực tiếp tại Phòng Tài chính - Kế toán, Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ, số 179 Nguyễn Văn Cừ, P. An Khánh, Q. Ninh Kiều, thành phố Cần Thơ.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Chuyển khoản:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tên Tài khoản: Trường ĐHYD Cần Thơ, Số TK: 0111000115668, tại ngân hàng Vietcombank chi nhánh Cần Thơ.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Thời gian: Áp dụng từ ngày 01\u002F02\u002F2023.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">* Phí gửi bài không được hoàn trả khi bài viết bị từ chối hoặc tác giả xin rút bài viết.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Quy trình phản biện bài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ thực hiện quy trình phản biện kín hai chiều nghiêm ngặt. Danh tính của những người phản biện không được tiết lộ cho các tác giả và ngược lại. Quy trình thẩm định bài báo đăng gồm các bước sau:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tiếp nhận bản thảo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tác giả liên hệ gửi bản thảo đến Tạp chí qua hệ thống trực tuyến tại website: https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn. Hướng dẫn về cách đăng ký, gửi bài và chuẩn bị bản thảo được cung cấp trên website của Tạp chí.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Sàng lọc sơ bộ\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Sau khi Tòa soạn nhận được bài báo của tác giả, Ban Thư ký sẽ tiến hành kiểm tra sơ bộ bài báo (các yêu cầu về nội dung và hình thức). Những bài báo không đúng quy cách hoặc có nội dung không phù hợp hoặc vi phạm bản quyền sẽ bị từ chối (Ban Thư ký thông báo phản hồi đến tác giả trong vòng 1 tuần). Những bài báo đủ điều kiện, được Ban Thư ký tòa soạn chuyển đến Ban Biên tập có cùng chuyên môn với nội dung bài báo để đề xuất người phản biện. Thời gian kể từ khi Ban Biên tập nhận bài báo đến khi đề xuất người phản biện bài báo chậm nhất là 5 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Vòng phản biện\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Ban Thư ký gửi bài và yêu cầu phản biện đến 02 phản biện độc lập.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Các phản biện gởi nhận xét cho Ban Thư ký. Thời gian từ khi gửi bài cho phản biện đến khi nhận ý kiến của phản biện tối đa là 20 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Xử ký kết quả phản biện\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Nếu ý kiến đồng ý cho đăng và không cần chỉnh sửa, Ban Thư ký tiếp tục đăng bài theo qui trình.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Nếu ý kiến đồng ý đăng và cần chỉnh sửa, Ban Thư ký sẽ thông tin đến tác giả chỉnh sửa theo yêu cầu của người phản biện. Thời gian chỉnh sửa và gửi lại kéo dài không quá 2 tuần, từ khi tác giả bài báo nhận được thông tin (Quá trình này có thể lặp lại tối đa 2 lần\u002F1 bài báo). Khi có sự thống nhất, đồng ý của người phản biện; bài báo được tiếp tục đăng theo qui trình.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">3. Những bài báo có chất lượng không đạt yêu cầu, cả 2 phản biện không đồng ý cho đăng sẽ bị Tòa soạn từ chối đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Xuất bản\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Ban Thư ký tổng hợp các bản thảo đã được tác giả hoàn thiện sau thẩm định trình Ban Biên tập xem xét, Tổng Biên tập phê duyệt, quyết định bài đăng theo các tiêu chí: sự phù hợp nội dung với tôn chỉ và mục đích, thể loại bài viết (ưu tiên các bài có bài có nghiên cứu chuyên sâu, hàm lượng khoa học cao), đóng góp mới bài báo, bài báo được ưu tiên đăng trong số gần nhất của Tạp chí theo thứ tự: tính thời sự, chất lượng bài báo và thời gian gửi bài.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Ban Biên tập và Ban Thư ký biên tập bản thảo, chế bản, đọc rà soát lỗi. Thời gian hoàn thành từ 10-15 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">3. Ban Thư ký có trách nhiệm thông báo cho tác giả bài báo (bằng e-mail) về tình hình phê duyệt bài báo, thời gian, số kỳ, tập xuất bản bài báo theo qui định.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">4. Danh sách bài báo theo số Tạp chí được in ấn và phát hành trong năm định kỳ được công bố chính thức trên website: https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>",{"VOID":490},"wcQ1uqwAAAAJ","2023-05-30T08:17:21.868+00:00",[],[494],{"id":495,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":496,"slug":28,"properties":497,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":507,"parentIds":508,"statistic":28},"6413896b-eca9-442b-a73f-182a58a0ce40",[],{"title":498,"address":501,"country":504,"abbreviation":505},{"EN":499,"VI":500},"Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy","Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ",{"EN":502,"VI":503},"No 179, Nguyen Van Cu street, An Khanh ward, Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city, Vietnam","Số 179, đường Nguyễn Văn Cừ, phường An Khánh, quận Ninh Kiều, thành phố Cần Thơ, Việt Nam",{"VOID":15},{"VOID":506},"ctump","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ctump.edu.vn\u002F",[],[],"https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn\u002Findex.php\u002Fctump",{"impactFactor":32,"impactFactorByYear":512,"i10Index":32,"i10IndexLast5Year":32,"totalPublication":514,"totalPublicationByYear":515,"totalCitation":520,"totalCitationByYear":521,"totalCitationPerPublication":108,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":523,"hindexLast5Year":45,"hindex":45},{"2022":513,"2023":111,"2024":106},0.01,1556,{"2020":47,"2021":516,"2022":517,"2023":518,"2024":519,"2025":122},57,306,801,358,161,{"2021":146,"2022":280,"2023":522},99,{"2021":524,"2022":318,"2023":104},0.23,{"impactFactor":28,"impactFactorByYear":28,"i10Index":123,"i10IndexLast5Year":123,"totalPublication":526,"totalPublicationByYear":527,"totalCitation":526,"totalCitationByYear":528,"totalCitationPerPublication":40,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":531,"hindexLast5Year":49,"hindex":49},476,{"0":205,"2019":123,"2021":139,"2022":459,"2023":451,"2024":357,"2025":49,"2026":48},{"2021":42,"2022":123,"2023":161,"2024":529,"2025":360,"2026":530},136,83,{"2021":105,"2022":513,"2023":532,"2024":127,"2025":533,"2026":534},0.62,25.43,13.83,{"id":536,"createTime":537,"updateTime":382,"relativeEntities":538,"slug":539,"properties":540,"entityType":25,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":552,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":133,"subjectFields":553,"manageAffiliations":554,"indexDatabases":555,"url":556,"thumbnailPath":557,"statistic":558,"gsStatistic":594,"type":55,"analyzePriority":28},"6984a56a-db70-403b-9cc4-4013e1ceaffa","2023-05-09T06:47:40.346+00:00",[],"T%E1%BA%A1p%20ch%C3%AD%20Nghi%C3%AAn%20c%E1%BB%A9u%20n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc%20ngo%C3%A0i",{"country":541,"issn":542,"title":544,"introduce":547,"gsId":550},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":543},"25252445",{"EN":545,"VI":546},"VNU Journal of Foreign Studies","Tạp chí Nghiên cứu nước ngoài",{"EN":548,"VI":549},"{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"\\n\\nThe \\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"italic\":true},\"insert\":\"VNU Journal of Science\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n was established in 1985 for the publication of national and international research papers in all fields of natural sciences and technology, social sciences and humanities. 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It helps prevent opiate users from injecting and sharing needles which are vehicles for the spread of HIV and other blood borne viruses. This study has the objective of determining the utility of daily methadone dose to predict retention rates and re-injecting behaviour among opiate dependents. Subjects comprised opiate dependent individuals who met study criteria. They took methadone based on the Malaysian guidelines and were monitored according to the study protocols. At six months, data was collected for analyses. The sensitivity and specificity daily methadone doses to predict retention rates and re-injecting behaviour were evaluated. Sixty-four patients volunteered to participate but only 35 (54.69%) remained active and 29 (45.31%) were inactive at 6 months of treatment. Higher doses were significantly correlated with retention rate (p \u003C 0.0001) and re-injecting behaviour (p \u003C 0.001). Of those retained, 80.0% were on 80 mg or more methadone per day doses with 20.0% on receiving 40 mg -79 mg. We concluded that a daily dose of at least 40 mg was required to retain patients in treatment and to prevent re-injecting behaviour. A dose of at least 80 mg per day was associated with best results.",{"EN":966},"Better retention of Malaysian opiate dependents treated with high dose methadone in methadone maintenance therapy",{"VOID":968},"Joseph H, Stancliff S, Langrod J: Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT): a review of historical and clinical issue. Mt Sinai J Med. 2000, 67: 347-364.\nAIDS in Malaysia. --- Either ISSN or Journal title must be supplied.. [http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ptfmalaysia.org\u002Fimages\u002FHIV-AIDS-1986-2007-Statistics.pdf]\nPayte JT: A brief history of methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence: a personal prespective. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1991, 23: 103-107.\nRettig RA, Yarmolonsky A: Federal Regulation of Methadone Treatment. 1995, Washington DC: National Academy Press\nNational Instittutes of Health: Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction. 1997, Bethesda MD: National Instittutes of Health, --- Either first page or author must be supplied..\nDole VP: Implications of methadone maintenance for theories of narcotic addiction. JAMA. 1988, 260: 3025-3029. 10.1001\u002Fjama.260.20.3025.\nJoseph H, Appel P: Historical prespectives and public health issues. State Methadone Treatment Guidelines Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP). Edited by: Parrino MW. 1993, Rockville MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1: 11-24.\nKreek MJ: A personal retrospective and prospective viewpoint. State Methadone Treatment Guidelines Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP). Edited by: Parrino MW. 1993, Rockville MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1: 133-143.\nPayte JT, Khuri ET: Principles of methadone dose determnation. State Methadone Treatment Guidelins. Edited by: Parrino MW. 1993, Rockville MD: Department of Health and Human Services, 1: 47-58.\nPayte JT, Zweben JE, Martin J: Opioid maintenance treatment. Principles of Addiction Medicine. Edited by: Graham AW. 2003, Chevy Chase MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 751-766.\nStine SM, Greenwald MK, Kosten TR: Pharmacologic therapies for opioid addiction. Principle of Addiction Medicine. Edited by: Graham AW. 2003, Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 735-750. 3\nSorensen JL, Copeland AL: Drug abuse treatment as an HIV prevention strategy: a review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000, 59: 17-31. 10.1016\u002FS0376-8716(99)00104-0.\nMetzger DS, Woody GE, McLellan AT, O'Brien CP, Druley P, Navaline H, DePhilippis D, Stolley P, Abrutyn E: Human Immunodeficiency Virus seroconversion among intravenous drug users in- and out-of-treatment: an 18-month prospective follow-up. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993, 6: 1049-1056.\nLongshore D, Hsieh S, Danila B: Methadone maintenance and needle\u002Fsyringe sharing. Int J Addict. 1993, 28: 983-996.\nAbbott PJ, Moore B, Delaney H, Weller S: Retrospective analyses of additional services for methadone maintenance patients. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1999, 17: 129-137. 10.1016\u002FS0740-5472(98)00068-3.\nSees KL, Delucchi KL, Masson C, Rosen A, Clark HW, Robillard H, Banys P, Hall SM: Methadone maintenance vs 180-day psychosocially enriched detoxification for treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000, 283: 1303-1310. 10.1001\u002Fjama.283.10.1303.\nGill JS, AH S, Habil MH: The first methadone programme in Malaysia: overcoming obstacles and achieving the impossible. Asean J Psychiatry. 2007, 8: 64-70.\nGordon NB, Appel PW: Functional potential of the methadone maintained person. Alcohol Drugs and Driving. 1994, 11: 31-37.\nLatowsky M: Methadone death, dosage and torsade de pointes: risk-benefit policy implications. J Psychoactive Drug. 2006, 38: 513-519.\nFanoe S, Hvidt C, Ege P, Jensen GB: Syncope and QT prolongation among patients treated with methadone for heroin dependence in the city of Copenhagen. Heart. 2007, 93: 1051-1055. 10.1136\u002Fhrt.2006.100180.\nWHO: Review and evaluation on Harm Reduction programme in Malaysia. 2008, WHO commissioned reports, --- Either first page or author must be supplied..\nDepartment of Public Health: National Methadone Maintenance Therapy Guidelines. 2005, Putrajaya KL: Department of Public Health, --- Either first page or author must be supplied.. 1\nCohen JS: Preventing adverse drug reactions before they occur. Medscape Pharmacotherapy. 1999\nWilkinson GR: Drug metabolism and variability among patients in drug response. N Engl J Med. 2005, 352: 2211-2221. 10.1056\u002FNEJMra032424.\nHIV\u002FAIDS care and treatment for people who inject drugs in Asia and the Pacific: An essential practical guide. --- Either ISSN or Journal title must be supplied.. [http:\u002F\u002Fwww.wpro.who.int\u002FNR\u002Frdonlyres\u002FC8CC1519-D40B-4AF0-92CD-1E94712FF025\u002F0\u002FHIVAIDSCAREANDTREATMENT_10MARCH_Web.pdf]\nHur YM, Kaprio J, Lacono WG: Genetic influences on the difference in variability of height, weight and body mass index between Caucasian and East Asian adolescent twins. Int J Obes. 2008, 32: 1455-1467. 10.1038\u002Fijo.2008.144.\nLiang T, Liu EW, Zhong H, Wang B, Shen LM, Wu ZL: Factors influencing the rate on retention to methadone maintenance treatment program among heroin addicts in Guizhou, China. Int J Drug policy. 2009, 20: 304-308. 10.1016\u002Fj.drugpo.2008.09.004.\nLi Y, Kantelip JP, Gerritsen-van SP, Davani S: Interindividual variability of methadone response: impact of genetic polymorphism [Abstract]. Mol Diagn Ther. 2008, 12: 109-124.\nEap CB, Buclin T, Baumann P: Interindividual variability of the clinical pharmacokinetics of methadone: implications for the treatment of opioid dependence. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2002, 41: 1153-1193. 10.2165\u002F00003088-200241140-00003.\nEap CB, Deglon JJ, P B: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of methadone: Clinical relevance. Heroin Add Rel Clin Probl. 1999, 1: 19-34.\nKell MJ: Utilization of plasma and urine methadone concentrations to optimize treatment in maintenance clinics: Measurement techniques for a clinical setting. J Addict Dis. 1994, 13: 5-26. 10.1300\u002FJ069v13n01_02.\nSolus JF, Arietta BJ, Harris JR, Sexton DP, Steward JQ, McMunn C, Ihrie P, Mehall JM, Edwards TL, Dawson EP: Genetic variation in eleven phase I drug metabolism genes in an ethnically diverse population. Pharmacogenomics. 2004, 5: 895-931. 10.1517\u002F14622416.5.7.895.\nNurfadhlina M, Fazni R, Iqbal MZ, Hamid F, Ismail R: Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6 in Malaysian Population. Pharmacogenomic and Personalized Medicine. 2009, 51:\nBailey DG, Malcolm J, Arnold O, Spence JD: Grapefruit juice-drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1998, 46: 101-110. 10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2125.1998.00764.x.\nCountry comparison: HIV\u002FAIDS adult prevalence rate. --- Either ISSN or Journal title must be supplied.. [https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cia.gov\u002Flibrary\u002Fpublications\u002Fthe-world-factbook\u002Frankorder\u002F2155rank.html]\nLiu E, Liang T, Shen L, Zhong H, Wang B, Wu Z, Detels R: Correlates of methadone client retention: a prospective cohort study in Guizhou province, China. Int J Drug Policy. 2009, 20: 304-308. 10.1016\u002Fj.drugpo.2008.09.004.\nBrady TM, Salvucci S, Sverdlov LS, Male A, Kyeyune H, Sikali E, DeSale S, Yu P: Methadone dosage and retention: an examination of the 60 mg\u002Fday threshold. J Addict Dis. 2005, 24: 23-47. 10.1300\u002FJ069v24n03_03.\nMattick RP, Breen C, Kimbler J: Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2003\nNadelman E, Mc Neely J: Doing methadone right. Pub Interest. 1996, 123: 83-93.\nStrain EC, Bigelow GE, Liebson IA, Stitzer ML: Moderate-vs high-dose methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized trial. JAMA. 1999, 281: 1000-1005. 10.1001\u002Fjama.281.11.1000.\nManaging Opioid Dependence: Treatment and Care for HIV-Positive Injecting Drug Users. --- Either ISSN or Journal title must be supplied.. [http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fhi.org\u002Ftraining\u002Fen\u002FHIVAIDS\u002FIDUModules\u002Fpdf\u002FModule_04_Treatment_Care_for_HIV_positive_IDUs.pdf]\nFarré M, Mas A, Torrens M, Moreno V, CamI J: Retention rate and illicit opioid use during methadone maintenance interventions: a meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002, 65: 283-290.\nHIV\u002FAIDS care and treatment for people who inject drugs in Asia and the Pacific: An essential practice guide. --- Either ISSN or Journal title must be supplied.. 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syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and pharmacy sales of syringes are available in Estonia, though the current high incidence and high prevalence of HIV among injection drug users (IDUs) in Tallinn, Estonia requires large-scale implementation of additional harm reduction programs as a matter of great urgency. The aims of this report were to compare risk behavior and HIV infection and to assess the prevention needs among IDUs who primarily use pharmacies as their source of sterile syringes with IDUs who primarily use SEPs in Tallinn. A cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit 350 IDUs for an interviewer-administered survey and HIV testing. IDUs were categorized into two groups based on their self-reported main source for syringes within the last six months. Odds ratios with 95% CI were used to compare characteristics and risk factors between the groups. The main sources of sterile needles for injection drug users were SEP\u002FSEP outreach (59%) and pharmacies (41%). There were no differences in age, age at injection drug use initiation, the main drug used or experiencing overdoses. Those IDUs using pharmacies as a main source of sterile needles had lower odds for being infected with either HIV (AOR 0.54 95% CI 0.33–0.87) or HCV (AOR 0.10 95% CI 0.02–0.50), had close to twice the odds of reporting more than one sexual partner within the previous 12 months (AOR 1.88 95% CI 1.17–3.04) and engaging in casual sexual relationships (AOR 2.09 95% CI 1.24–3.53) in the last six months. The data suggest that the pharmacy users were at a less \"advanced\" stage of their injection career and had lower HIV prevalence than SEP users. This suggests that pharmacies could be utilized as a site for providing additional HIV prevention messages, services for IDUs and in linking IDUs with existing harm reduction services.",{"EN":1121},"Comparison of injecting drug users who obtain syringes from pharmacies and syringe exchange programs in Tallinn, Estonia",{"VOID":1123},"The Centralized Information System for Infectious Diseases. 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Am J of Public Health. 1995, 85: 1531-1537. 10.2105\u002FAJPH.85.11.1531.\nDes Jarlais D, Marmor M, Paone D, Titus S, Shi Q, Perlis T, Jose B, Friedman SR: HIV incidence among injecting drug users in New York City syringe- exchange programmes. Lancet. 1996, 348: 987-991. 10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(96)02536-6.\nSheridan J, Strang J, Barber N, Glanz A: Role of community pharmacies in relation to HIV prevention and drug misuse: findings from the 1995 national survey in England and Wales. BMJ. 1996, 313: 272-274.\nStrang J, Sheridan J, Barber N: Prescribing injectable and oral methadone to opiate addicts: results from the 1995 national postal survey of community pharmacies in England and Wales. BMJ. 1996, 313: 270-272.\nLurie P, Jones TS, Foley J: A sterile syringe for every drug user injection: how many injections take place annually, and how might pharmacists contribute to syringe distribution?. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998, 18 Suppl 1: S45-S51.\nMatheson C, Bond CM, Pitcairn J: Community pharmacy services for drug misusers in Scotland: what difference does 5 years make?. Addiction. 2002, 97: 1405-1411. 10.1046\u002Fj.1360-0443.2002.00241.x.\nThein HH, Denoe M, van Beek I, Dore G, MacDonald M: Injecting behaviour of injecting drug users at needle and syringe programmes and pharmacies in Australia. Int J Drug Policy. 2003, 14: 425-430. 10.1016\u002Fj.drugpo.2003.06.001.\nEstonian Drug Monitoring Centre National Focal Point: National Report on Drug Situation in Estonia 2001. Tallinn. 2002\nNational Institute for Health Development: Global Fund Report 2006. [http:\u002F\u002Fwww2.tai.ee\u002Fteated\u002FGF\u002FGlobal_Fundi_Programmi2006kalendriaasta_aruanne.pdf]\nUusküla A, Rajaleid K, Talu A, Abel K, Rüütel K, Hay G: Estimating injection drug use prevalence using state wide administrative data sources: Estonia, 2004. 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BMC Public Health. 2006, 6: 54-10.1186\u002F1471-2458-6-54.\nWeber B: Multicenter evaluation of the new automated Enzymun-Test Anti-HIV 1 + 2 + subtyp O. J Clin Microbiol. 1998, 36: 580-584.\nThorstensson R, Andersson S, Lindbäck S, Dias F, Mhalu F, Gaines H, Biberfeld G: Evaluation of 14 commercial HIV-1\u002FHIV-2 antibody assays using serum panels of different geographical origin and clinical stage including a unique seroconversion panel. J Clin Microbiol. 1998, 70: 139-151.\nVictora CG, Huttly SR, Fuchs SC, Olinto MT: The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: a hierarchical approach. Int J Epidemiol. 1997, 26: 224-227. 10.1093\u002Fije\u002F26.1.224.\nStataCorp: Stata Statistical Software: Relase 9. 2005, College Station, TX: Stata Corp LP\nUusküla A, Abel K, Rajaleid K, Rüütel K, Talu A, Fischer K, Boborova N: HIV and risk behaviour among injecting drug users in two cities (Tallinn, Kohtla-Järve) in Estonia. [http:\u002F\u002Fwww.tai.ee\u002Ffailid\u002FIDU_risk_behaviour_and_HIV_prevalence_study_2005.pdf]\nDeren S, Fuller C, Pouget E, Blaney S, Tortu S, Kang S, McMahon JM, Andia J, Des Jarlais D, Johnson S, Rosenblum A, Vlahov D: Impact of expanding syringe access in New York on sources of syringes for injection drug users in Harlem and the Bronx, NYC, USA. Int J Drug Policy. 2003, 14: 373-379. 10.1016\u002FS0955-3959(03)00137-3.\nFuller CM, Galea S, Blaney S, Ompad DC, Deren S, Des Jarlais D, Vlahov D: Explaining the relationship between race\u002Fethnicity and pharmacy purchased syringes among injection drug users in New York City. Ethn Dis. 2004, 14: 589-596.\nCao W, Treloar C: Comparison of needle and syringe programme attendees and non-attendees from a high drug-using area in Sydney, New South Wales. 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J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002, 42: 46-51. 10.1331\u002F1086-5802.42.0.S46.Lewis.\nSheridan J, Strang J, Taylor C, Barber N: HIV prevention and drug treatment services for drug misusers: a national study of community pharmacists' attitudes and their involvement in service specific training. Addiction. 1997, 92: 1737-1748. 10.1111\u002Fj.1360-0443.1997.tb02894.x.\nMatheson C, Bond CM, Mollison J: Attitudinal factors associated with community pharmacists' involvement in services for drug misusers. Addiction. 1999, 94: 1349-1359. 10.1046\u002Fj.1360-0443.1999.94913497.x.\nCoffin PO, Linas BP, Factor SH, Vlahov D: New York City pharmacists' attitudes toward sale of needles\u002Fsyringes to injection drug users before implementation of law expanding syringe access. J Urban Health. 2000, 77: 781-793. 10.1007\u002FBF02344038.\nRich JD, Martin EG, Macalino GE, Paul RV, McNamara S, Taylor LE: Pharmacist support for selling syringes without a prescription to injection drug users in Rhode Island. 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Int J Drug Policy. 2008, 19 (Suppl 1): 25-36. 10.1016\u002Fj.drugpo.2007.11.008.",{"VOID":1125},"10.1186\u002F1477-7517-6-3","https:\u002F\u002Fharmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002F1477-7517-6-3",[1128,1152,1174,1187,1200,1222],{"id":1129,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1130,"affiliations":1131,"properties":1149,"displayName":1151,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"22e613fb-519f-4eba-a487-5c1fed36ff2e",[979],[1132,1140],{"id":1133,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1134,"properties":28},"c34a8ea6-1f37-4b73-ad1b-5091f3528c98",{"id":1133,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1135,"slug":28,"properties":1136,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1139,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1137},{"VI":1138},"Estonian Drug Monitoring Centre, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, 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Prevention, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia",[],{},{"title":1220},{"VI":1221},"Kristi Rüütel",{"id":1223,"sortIndex":46,"researcher":28,"roles":1224,"affiliations":1225,"properties":1234,"displayName":1236,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"6acd0c5c-4a92-4606-80ca-f9e4cb82c88d",[979],[1226],{"id":1227,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1228,"properties":28},"35b9025f-7533-46e8-a073-c269a2bf5663",{"id":1227,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1229,"slug":28,"properties":1230,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1233,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1231},{"VI":1232},"Chemical Dependency Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, USA",[],{"title":1235},{"VI":1236},"Don C Des Jarlais",{"url":1126,"publisher":1238,"properties":1287},{"id":868,"createTime":869,"updateTime":870,"relativeEntities":1239,"slug":872,"properties":1240,"entityType":25,"verifyStatus":880,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"subjectFields":1243,"manageAffiliations":1256,"indexDatabases":1267,"url":28,"thumbnailPath":28,"statistic":1282,"gsStatistic":28,"type":55,"analyzePriority":28},[],{"issn":1241,"title":1242},{"VOID":875},{"EN":877},[1244,1248,1252],{"id":883,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1245,"label":1246,"description":1247,"parentId":28,"standard":28,"scholarHubFieldId":28},[],{"EN":886},{},{"id":889,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1249,"label":1250,"description":1251,"parentId":28,"standard":28,"scholarHubFieldId":28},[],{"EN":892},{},{"id":895,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1253,"label":1254,"description":1255,"parentId":28,"standard":28,"scholarHubFieldId":28},[],{"EN":898},{},[1257,1262],{"id":902,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1258,"slug":28,"properties":1259,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1261,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1260},{"EN":906},[],{"id":909,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1263,"slug":28,"properties":1264,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1266,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1265},{"EN":913},[],[1268,1275],{"id":917,"indexDatabase":1269,"url":929,"indexYears":28,"academicFieldIds":1274,"indexDatabaseRanking":28},{"id":919,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1270,"label":1271,"description":1272,"key":926,"publicationTags":1273,"standard":28},[],{"EN":922,"VI":922},{"EN":924,"VI":925},[928,813],[931],{"id":933,"indexDatabase":1276,"url":939,"indexYears":940,"academicFieldIds":1281,"indexDatabaseRanking":945},{"id":775,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1277,"label":1278,"description":1279,"key":781,"publicationTags":1280,"standard":28},[],{"EN":778,"VI":778},{"EN":778,"VI":780},[783],[942,943,944],{"impactFactor":32,"impactFactorByYear":1283,"i10Index":42,"i10IndexLast5Year":123,"totalPublication":948,"totalPublicationByYear":1284,"totalCitation":137,"totalCitationByYear":1285,"totalCitationPerPublication":106,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1286,"hindexLast5Year":42,"hindex":42},{"2019":317,"2020":106,"2021":421,"2022":106},{"2004":49,"2005":199,"2006":127,"2007":126,"2008":199,"2009":128,"2010":323,"2011":135,"2012":128,"2013":136,"2014":130,"2015":147,"2016":122,"2017":278,"2018":352,"2019":152,"2020":50,"2021":332,"2022":612,"2023":522,"2024":138},{"2018":146,"2020":131},{"2018":423,"2020":840},{"pages":1288,"volume":1289},{"VOID":1106},{"VOID":1290},"6","2009-02-20",2009,[928,945],{"id":1295,"createTime":1296,"updateTime":1297,"relativeEntities":1298,"slug":1299,"properties":1300,"entityType":971,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":1297,"verifyNote":973,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":1309,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":1310,"publicationType":1053,"publisherRelationship":1354,"citationCount":28,"citationInfo":28,"publishDate":1408,"publishYear":1409,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":1410,"openAccess":28,"references":28,"isForceReanalyzing":1112},"01501ec5-f5e7-4861-83b8-a5daaa50947d","2024-01-17T19:55:54.205+00:00","2024-12-06T10:25:12.154+00:00",[],"Analysis-of-state-portrayals-of-the-risks-of-e-cigarette-use-and-the-cause-of-the-EVALI-outbreak",{"abstract":1301,"title":1303,"references":1305,"doi":1307},{"EN":1302},"In August 2019, an outbreak of “e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury” (EVALI) prompted many states and health organizations to warn against the use of electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, due to the presumed link between e-cigarette use and the illness. However, it was later shown that vitamin E acetate, a component of some illicit vaporizable THC products, was the causative agent in this outbreak. We conducted a series of cross-sectional surveys of the websites of all state departments of health to determine how they communicated the risk of e-cigarette use during and after the EVALI outbreak. We then paired this analysis with data from the 2016 through 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to measure changes in cigarette and e-cigarette use. Website data from 24 states was available for analysis at all three time points of interest, and BRFSS data was only available for 8 of these states. We found that by January 2020, a majority of the states surveyed did not list vaporizable THC use as a cause of EVALI; however, differences in state messaging did not appear to be associated with changes in e-cigarette and cigarette use. Given the number of states that did not appear to update their messaging regarding the cause of EVALI, we believe that states should re-evaluate this messaging to accurately communicate the risks of e-cigarette use.",{"EN":1304},"Analysis of state portrayals of the risks of e-cigarette use and the cause of the EVALI outbreak",{"VOID":1306},"Office on Smoking and Health. About Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes) [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Ftobacco\u002Fbasic_information\u002Fe-cigarettes\u002Fabout-e-cigarettes.html\nUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020.\nKrist AH, Davidson KW, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, Cabana M, Caughey AB, et al. Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons. JAMA. 2021;325(3):265–79.\nHartmann-Boyce J, McRobbie H, Butler AR, Lindson N, Bullen C, Begh R, et al. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021;2022(6).\nCaraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA. Quit methods used by US adult cigarette smokers, 2014–2016. Preventing Chronic Disease 2017;14:160600.\nSchmidt L, Reidmohr A, Harwell TS, Helgerson SD. Prevalence and reasons for initiating use of electronic cigarettes among adults in Montana, 2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2014;11:140283.\nCahn Z, Siegel M. Electronic cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy for tobacco control: A step forward or a repeat of past mistakes? J Public Health Policy 2011;32(1):16–31. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1057\u002Fjphp.2010.41\nUS Centers for Disease Control. CDC, states update number of cases of lung disease associated with e-cigarette use, or vaping [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Jun 27]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fmedia\u002Freleases\u002F2019\u002Fs0912-update-cases-vaping.html\nOffice on Smoking and Health. Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with the Use of E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Products [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Ftobacco\u002Fbasic_information\u002Fe-cigarettes\u002Fsevere-lung-disease.html\nEVALI: Frequently Asked Questions [Internet]. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020 [cited 2021 Nov 13]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Ftobacco\u002Fbasic_information\u002Fe-cigarettes\u002Fsevere-lung-disease\u002Ffaq\u002Findex.html\nNCSL. E-Cigarette & Vaping Product Taxes [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncsl.org\u002Fresearch\u002Ffiscal-policy\u002Felectronic-cigarette-taxation.aspx\nGoldberg C. What we know about vaping-related lung illnesses in mass. [Internet]. WBUR. 2019 [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wbur.org\u002Fcommonhealth\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F17\u002Fvaping-lung-illness-massachusetts\nKlivans L. San Francisco Bans Sales Of E-Cigarettes [Internet]. NPR. 2019 [cited 2021 Jan 10]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002Fsections\u002Fhealth-shots\u002F2019\u002F06\u002F25\u002F735714009\u002Fsan-francisco-poised-to-ban-sales-of-e-cigarettes\nBlount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, Morel-Espinosa M, Valentin-Blasini L, Gardner M, et al. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med 2020;382(8):697–705. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1056\u002FNEJMoa1916433\nAubrey A. Many vaping illnesses linked to black market “Dank Vapes” or other THC products. NPR. 2019.\nMello S, Bigman CA, Sanders-Jackson A, Tan ASL. Perceived harm of secondhand electronic cigarette vapors and policy support to restrict public vaping: results from a National Survey of US adults. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016;18(5):686–93.\nTan ASL, Bigman CA. E-cigarette awareness and perceived harmfulness. Am J Prev Med. 2014;47(2):141–9.\nCobb NK, Byron MJ, Abrams DB, Shields PG. Novel nicotine delivery systems and public health: the rise of the “E-Cigarette.” Am J Public Health. 2010;100(12):2340–2.\nHuang J, Feng B, Weaver SR, Pechacek TF, Slovic P, Eriksen MP. Changing perceptions of harm of e-cigarette vs cigarette use among adults in 2 US National Surveys from 2012 to 2017. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(3): e191047.\nMajeed BA, Weaver SR, Gregory KR, Whitney CF, Slovic P, Pechacek TF, et al. Changing Perceptions of Harm of E-Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults, 2012–2015. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2017 Mar;52(3):331–8.\nLopes L, Hamel L, Kearney A, Brodie M. Data Note: Public Views on Vaping and E-Cigarettes [Internet]. Kaiser Family Foundation. 2019 [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kff.org\u002Fother\u002Fissue-brief\u002Fdata-note-vaping-and-e-cigarettes\u002F\nLeas EC, Nobles AL, Caputi TL, Dredze M, Zhu SH, Cohen JE, et al. News coverage of the E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) outbreak and internet searches for vaping cessation. Tob Control. 2021;30(5):578–82.\nAlgiers O, Wang Y, Laestadius L. Content analysis of U.S. newspaper coverage of causes and solutions to vaping-associated lung injury. Subst Use Misuse. 2021;56(4):522–8.\nTattan-Birch H, Brown J, Shahab L, Jackson SE. Association of the US outbreak of vaping-associated lung injury with perceived harm of e-cigarettes compared with cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6): e206981.\nCantrell J, Huang J, Greenberg MS, Xiao H, Hair EC, Vallone D. Impact of e-cigarette and cigarette prices on youth and young adult e-cigarette and cigarette behaviour: evidence from a national longitudinal cohort. Tobacco Control [Internet]. 2019;tobaccocontrol-2018–054764. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Ftobaccocontrol-2018-054764\nCotti CD, Courtemanche CJ, Maclean JC, Nesson ET, Pesko MF, Tefft N. The effects of E-cigarette taxes on e-cigarette prices and tobacco product sales: evidence from retail panel data. National Bureau of Economic Research. 2020;1–48.\nPesko MF, Warman C. The effect of prices on youth cigarette and E-cigarette use: economic substitutes or complements? SSRN Electron J 2017;Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ssrn.com\u002Fabstract=3077468\nPesko MF, Courtemanche CJ, Maclean JC. The effects of traditional cigarette and e-cigarette taxes on adult tobacco product use. National Bureau of Economic Research. 2019;1–49.\nSaffer H, Dench D, Grossman M, Dave D. E-cigarettes and adult smoking: evidence from Minnesota. J Risk Uncertain 2020;60(3):207–28. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11166-020-09326-5\nZheng Y, Zhen C, Dench D, Nonnemaker JM. U.S. Demand for tobacco products in a system framework. Health Econ 2017;26(8):1067–86. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fhec.3384\nKatchmar A, Gunawan A, Siegel M. Effect of Massachusetts house bill no. 4196 on electronic cigarette use: a mixed-methods study. Harm Reduct J. 2021;18(49):43.\nRobert Wood Johnson Foundation, Harvard School of Public Health. The Public’s Perspective on the United States Public Health System. 2021.\nvon Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(8):573.\nBRFSS Prevalence and Trends Tool. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017.\n2019 Annual Report: E-Cigarette Use. America’s Health Rankings. 2019.\nPublic Health Indicator Based Information System (IBIS). Utah Department of Health.\n2019 ADULT LandLine Cellphone Module Variables Report. 2020.\nCushing C, Gildemaster M, Bucheli D, Peterson V. The health behaviors of South Dakotans 2019: a report of the South Dakota behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Pierre, SD; 2021 Apr.\nElectronic Cigarette Use Among Rhode Island Adults. Rhode Island Department of Health.\nCalendar Year 2019 Results, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. 2020.\nNebraska Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Dashboard. Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. 2020.\nTian Y, McKane P. Health Risk Behaviors Within the State of Michigan: 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. Lansing, MI;2021.\nA Profile of Health among Massachusetts Adults, 2019 :Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. 2020.\nMaryland Department of Health Dataset Query System. Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Maryland Department of Health. 2020.\n2019 Kansas BRFSS: Data Results. Kansas Department of Health and Environment. 2020.\nIowa Department of Public Health. Health in Iowa BRFSS Annual Report from the Iowa 2019 Annual Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey. Des Moines; 2021.\nBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Hawai’i Health Data Warehouse. 2020.\nGunderson J, Mitchell D. 2019 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Data Book. Tallahassee, FL; 2020 Aug.\nZheng X. Connecticut behavioral risk factor survey prevalence estimates for risk factors and health indicators: selected summary tables 2019. Hartford, CT; 2020.\nCenter for Health and Environmental Data HS and EB. 2019 Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). 2020.\nStataCorp. Stata Statistical Software. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC; 2021.\nDave D, Dench D, Kenkel D, Mathios A, Wang H. News that takes your breath away: risk perceptions during an outbreak of vaping-related lung injuries. J Risk Uncertain. 2020;60(3):281–307.\nViscusi WK. Electronic cigarette risk beliefs and usage after the vaping illness outbreak. J Risk Uncertain. 2020;60(3):259–79.\nAustin’s Story [Internet]. Parents Against Vaping. [cited 2021 Nov 18]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.parentsagainstvaping.org\u002Fpersonal\u002Faustin-story\nYouth Smoking and Vaping Prevention [Internet]. Truth Initative. [cited 2021 Nov 18]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Ftruthinitiative.org\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fyouth-smoking-prevention-education\nHartmann-Boyce J, McRobbie H, Butler AR, Lindson N, Bullen C, Begh R, et al. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2021(11).\nFDA Permits Marketing of E-Cigarette Products, Marking First Authorization of Its Kind by the Agency [Internet]. US Food and Drug Administration. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 13]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fda.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fpress-announcements\u002Ffda-permits-marketing-e-cigarette-products-marking-first-authorization-its-kind-agency",{"VOID":1308},"10.1186\u002Fs12954-022-00694-6","https:\u002F\u002Fharmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12954-022-00694-6",[1311,1326,1339],{"id":1312,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1313,"affiliations":1314,"properties":1323,"displayName":1325,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"2e4aec76-6ebf-4a7c-8980-edb2f6b4eab4",[979],[1315],{"id":1316,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1317,"properties":28},"5f36ff92-14a3-4976-aed5-0ab1bf4095d3",{"id":1316,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1318,"slug":28,"properties":1319,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1322,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1320},{"VI":1321},"Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA",[],{"title":1324},{"VI":1325},"Amanda Katchmar",{"id":1327,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":1328,"affiliations":1329,"properties":1336,"displayName":1338,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"640d93e4-357b-4eed-a947-5efb85fef00a",[979],[1330],{"id":1316,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1331,"properties":28},{"id":1316,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1332,"slug":28,"properties":1333,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1335,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1334},{"VI":1321},[],{"title":1337},{"VI":1338},"Paul 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psychedelics is the practice of consuming very low, sub-hallucinogenic doses of a psychedelic substance, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or psilocybin-containing mushrooms. According to media reports, microdosing has grown in popularity, yet the scientific literature contains minimal research on this practice. There has been limited reporting on adverse events associated with microdosing, and the experiences of microdosers in community samples have not been categorized. In the present study, we develop a codebook of microdosing benefits and challenges (MDBC) based on the qualitative reports of a real-world sample of 278 microdosers. We describe novel findings, both in terms of beneficial outcomes, such as improved mood (26.6%) and focus (14.8%), and in terms of challenging outcomes, such as physiological discomfort (18.0%) and increased anxiety (6.7%). We also show parallels between benefits and drawbacks and discuss the implications of these results. We probe for substance-dependent differences, finding that psilocybin-only users report the benefits of microdosing were more important than other users report. These mixed-methods results help summarize and frame the experiences reported by an active microdosing community as high-potential avenues for future scientific research. The MDBC taxonomy reported here informs future research, leveraging participant reports to distil the highest-potential intervention targets so research funding can be efficiently allocated. Microdosing research complements the full-dose literature as clinical treatments are developed and neuropharmacological mechanisms are sought. This framework aims to inform researchers and clinicians as experimental microdosing research begins in earnest in the years to come.",{"EN":1421},"Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook",{"VOID":1423},"Pollan M. The trip treatment. 2015 [cited 2018 Nov 16]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.newyorker.com\u002Fmagazine\u002F2015\u002F02\u002F09\u002Ftrip-treatment\nPollan M. How to change your mind: what the new science of psychedelics teaches us about consciousness, dying, addiction, depression, and transcendence: Penguin; 2018. p. 558.\nLeonard A. How LSD microdosing became the hot new business trip. Rolling Stone. 2015 [cited 2018 Jul 9]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rollingstone.com\u002Fculture\u002Fculture-news\u002Fhow-lsd-microdosing-became-the-hot-new-business-trip-64961\u002F\nSolon O. Under pressure, Silicon Valley workers turn to LSD microdosing. Wired UK. 2016 [cited 2018 Jul 9]; Available from: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.co.uk\u002Farticle\u002Flsd-microdosing-drugs-silicon-valley\nAnderson T, Petranker R. “Microdosers” of LSD and magic mushrooms are wiser and more creative. The Conversation. 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 14]. Available from: http:\u002F\u002Ftheconversation.com\u002Fmicrodosers-of-lsd-and-magic-mushrooms-are-wiser-and-more-creative-101302\nEligh B. Rethinking psychedelics: U of T study looks at the practice of microdosing to ease anxiety and sharpen focus. University of Toronto News. 2018 [cited 2018 Aug 29]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.utoronto.ca\u002Fnews\u002Frethinking-psychedlics-u-t-study-looks-practice-microdosing-ease-anxiety-and-sharpen-focus\nGhosh I. How and why people “microdose” tiny hits of psychedelic drugs. CBC. 2018 [cited 2018 Aug 29]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fhealth\u002Fmicrodosing-pschedelics-study-1.4771647\nAnderson T, Petranker R, Rosenbaum D, Weissman CR, Dinh-Williams L-A, Hui K, et al. Microdosing psychedelics: personality, mental health, and creativity differences in microdosers. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019 [cited 2019 Jan 2]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00213-018-5106-2\nJohnstad PG. Powerful substances in tiny amounts: an interview study of psychedelic microdosing. Nord Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2018;35(1):39–51.\nPolito V, Stevenson D. A systematic study of microdosing psychedelics. PsyArXiv. 2018 [cited 2018 Jul 5]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fpsyarxiv.com\u002Fcw9qs\u002F\nProchazkova L, Lippelt DP, Colzato LS, Kuchar M, Sjoerds Z, Hommel B. Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 [cited 2018 Oct 25]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs00213-018-5049-7\nGrinspoon L, & Bakalar JB. Psychedelic drugs reconsidered. New York: Basic Books. 1979;221–223.\nUnited Nations. The International Drug Control Conventions. 2013;10.\nKrebs TS, Johansen P-Ø. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf). 2012;26(7):994–1002.\nJohnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Cosimano MP, Griffiths RR. Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction. J Psychopharmacol Oxf Engl. 2014;28(11):983–92.\nBogenschutz MP, Forcehimes AA, Pommy JA, Wilcox CE, Barbosa PCR, Strassman RJ. Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study. J Psychopharmacol Oxf Engl. 2015;29(3):289–99.\nNoorani T, Garcia-Romeu A, Swift TC, Griffiths RR, Johnson MW. Psychedelic therapy for smoking cessation: qualitative analysis of participant accounts. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf). 2018;32(7):756–69.\nRucker JJ, Jelen LA, Flynn S, Frowde KD, Young AH. Psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar mood disorders: a systematic review. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf). 2016;30(12):1220–9.\nCarhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Day CMJ, Rucker J, Watts R, Erritzoe DE, et al. Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018;235(2):399–408.\nGriffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, Umbricht A, Richards WA, Richards BD, et al. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol Oxf Engl. 2016;30(12):1181–97.\nRoss S, Bossis A, Guss J, Agin-Liebes G, Malone T, Cohen B, et al. Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol Oxf Engl. 2016;30(12):1165–80.\nReiche S, Hermle L, Gutwinski S, Jungaberle H, Gasser P, Majić T. Serotonergic hallucinogens in the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from a life-threatening disease: a systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018;81:1–10.\nMithoefer MC, Mithoefer AT, Feduccia AA, Jerome L, Wagner M, Wymer J, et al. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(6):486–97.\nMacLean KA, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR. Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness. J Psychopharmacol Oxf Engl. 2011;25(11):1453–61.\nGriffiths RR, Johnson MW, Richards WA, Richards BD, McCann U, Jesse R. Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011;218(4):649–65.\nLiechti ME. Modern Clinical Research on LSD. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42:2114.\nHendricks PS. Awe: a putative mechanism underlying the effects of classic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2018;30(4):331–42.\nHalpern JH, Pope HG. Do hallucinogens cause residual neuropsychological toxicity? Drug Alcohol Depend. 1999;53(3):247–56.\nvan Amsterdam J, Opperhuizen A, van den Brink W. Harm potential of magic mushroom use: a review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011;59(3):423–9.\nJohnson MW, Griffiths RR, Hendricks PS, Henningfield JE. The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act. Neuropharmacology. 2018;142:143–66.\nJohnson MW, Richards WA, Griffiths RR. Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety. J Psychopharmacol Oxf Engl. 2008;22(6):603–20.\nCarbonaro TM, Bradstreet MP, Barrett FS, MacLean KA, Jesse R, Johnson MW, et al. Survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms: acute and enduring positive and negative consequences. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf). 2016;30(12):1268–78.\nJohnson MW, Sewell RA, Griffiths RR. Psilocybin dose-dependently causes delayed, transient headaches in healthy volunteers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;123(1–3):132–40.\nCorbin JM. Grounded theory. J Posit Psychol. 2017;12(3):301–2.\nCorbin JM, Strauss A. Grounded theory research: procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qual Sociol. 1990;13(1):3–21.\nStol K, Ralph DP, FitzGerald B. Grounded theory in software engineering research: a critical review and guidelines. In 2016 [cited 2017 Mar 30]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fresearchspace.auckland.ac.nz\u002Fhandle\u002F2292\u002F29124\nAnderson T, Petranker R, Dinh-Williams L-A. An empirical codebook of microdosing benefits and challenges [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Dec 20]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fosf.io\u002Fqwu4s\u002F\nPeer E, Brandimarte L, Samat S, Acquisti A. Beyond the Turk: alternative platforms for crowdsourcing behavioral research. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2017;70:153–63.\nSattelberg W. The demographics of Reddit: who uses the site?. Tech Junkie. 2018 [cited 2018 Aug 22]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.techjunkie.com\u002Fdemographics-reddit\u002F\nAnderson T. Reddit user “oredna”, Thomas Anderson, PhD Student. reddit. 2017 [cited 2018 Sep 9]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reddit.com\u002Fuser\u002Foredna\u002F\nAnderson T, Petranker R, Dinh-Williams L-A. Demography of microdosing community survey. Open Science Framework. 2017 [cited 2018 Jul 6]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fosf.io\u002Fg5cwy\u002F\nMatejka J, Glueck M, Grossman T, Fitzmaurice G. The effect of visual appearance on the performance of continuous sliders and visual analogue scales. In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM; 2016. p. 5421–5432. (CHI ’16). [cited 2017 Jun 13] Available from: http:\u002F\u002Fdoi.acm.org\u002F10.1145\u002F2858036.2858063\nNational Library of Medicine (US). Genetics home reference. HTR2A gene. 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 15]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fghr.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fgene\u002FHTR2A\nBarrett FS, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR. Neuroticism is associated with challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms. Personal Individ Differ. 2017;117:155–60.\nHamilton JP, Farmer M, Fogelman P, Gotlib IH. Depressive rumination, the default-mode network, and the dark matter of clinical neuroscience. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;78(4):224–30.\nBowyer SM. Coherence a measure of the brain networks: past and present. Neuropsychiatr Electrophysiol. 2016;2(1):1.\nDecker S, Fillmore PT, Roberts A. Coherence: The measurement and application of brain connectivity. NeuroRegulation. 2017;4(1):3.\nHarman WW, McKim RH, Mogar RE, Fadiman J, Stolaroff MJ. Psychedelic agents in creative problem-solving: a pilot study. Psychol Rep. 1966;19(1):211–27.\nLin W-L, Hsu K-Y, Chen H-C, Chang W. Different attentional traits, different creativities. Think Ski Creat. 2013;9:96–106.\nWebb ME, Little DR, Cropper SJ. Insight is not in the problem: investigating insight in problem solving across task types. Front Psychol. 2016 [cited 2018 Jun 2];7. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5035735\u002F\nUNODC. Final act of the United Nations conference for the adoption of a protocol on psychotropic substances. In: The International Drug Control Conventions. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2013. p. 71–75. [cited 2018 Aug 9] Available from: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.un-ilibrary.org\u002Fdrugs-crime-and-terrorism\u002Fthe-international-drug-control-conventions_814e78a6-en\nTaylor H. Hit men, drugs and malicious teens: the darknet is going mainstream. CNBC. 2016 [cited 2018 Aug 9]; Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnbc.com\u002F2016\u002F05\u002F18\u002Fhit-men-drugs-and-malicious-teens-the-darknet-is-going-mainstream.html\nNutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD. Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis. Lancet. 2010;376(9752):1558–65.\nRucker JJH. Psychedelic drugs should be legally reclassified so that researchers can investigate their therapeutic potential. BMJ. 2015;350:h2902.\nJohnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths RR. Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2017;43(1):55–60.",{"VOID":1425},"10.1186\u002Fs12954-019-0308-4","https:\u002F\u002Fharmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12954-019-0308-4",[1428,1443,1458,1473,1488,1501,1516,1529],{"id":1429,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1430,"affiliations":1431,"properties":1440,"displayName":1442,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"8fd437ff-ed80-4567-bf5f-e2377af42e92",[979],[1432],{"id":1433,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1434,"properties":28},"33cac4db-4227-43c3-8fa4-2d4b73bde7c2",{"id":1433,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1435,"slug":28,"properties":1436,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1439,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1437},{"VI":1438},"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada",[],{"title":1441},{"VI":1442},"Thomas Anderson",{"id":1444,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":1445,"affiliations":1446,"properties":1455,"displayName":1457,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"dbd473b8-2b43-4553-9a64-82d752f09735",[979],[1447],{"id":1448,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1449,"properties":28},"dd1d6350-5bad-4c33-ba38-9c706e37a4b9",{"id":1448,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1450,"slug":28,"properties":1451,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1454,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1452},{"VI":1453},"Clinical Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada",[],{"title":1456},{"VI":1457},"Rotem Petranker",{"id":1459,"sortIndex":123,"researcher":28,"roles":1460,"affiliations":1461,"properties":1470,"displayName":1472,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"00523e2e-343f-49a2-a31d-baa91766dd73",[979],[1462],{"id":1463,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1464,"properties":28},"0ad0a7a5-7ed0-48c8-814b-393ab3591139",{"id":1463,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1465,"slug":28,"properties":1466,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1469,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1467},{"VI":1468},"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada",[],{"title":1471},{"VI":1472},"Adam Christopher",{"id":1474,"sortIndex":42,"researcher":28,"roles":1475,"affiliations":1476,"properties":1485,"displayName":1487,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"da8f5ba6-e75f-4703-a292-b7e0a394ba10",[979],[1477],{"id":1478,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1479,"properties":28},"16d133bd-9a03-4396-a67f-8189c3d8a94c",{"id":1478,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1480,"slug":28,"properties":1481,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1484,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1482},{"VI":1483},"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada",[],{"title":1486},{"VI":1487},"Daniel Rosenbaum",{"id":1489,"sortIndex":45,"researcher":28,"roles":1490,"affiliations":1491,"properties":1498,"displayName":1500,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"d310fc94-6635-4414-824f-41775a3ef0ca",[979],[1492],{"id":1478,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1493,"properties":28},{"id":1478,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1494,"slug":28,"properties":1495,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1497,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1496},{"VI":1483},[],{"title":1499},{"VI":1500},"Cory 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Dinh-Williams",{"id":1517,"sortIndex":48,"researcher":28,"roles":1518,"affiliations":1519,"properties":1526,"displayName":1528,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"de252820-a769-4f45-ad47-9deede1cd65d",[979],[1520],{"id":1478,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1521,"properties":28},{"id":1478,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1522,"slug":28,"properties":1523,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1525,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1524},{"VI":1483},[],{"title":1527},{"VI":1528},"Katrina Hui",{"id":1530,"sortIndex":49,"researcher":28,"roles":1531,"affiliations":1532,"properties":1539,"displayName":1541,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"be4038d8-af7e-4807-bd7a-30ad2d97417b",[979],[1533],{"id":1478,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1534,"properties":28},{"id":1478,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1535,"slug":28,"properties":1536,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1538,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1537},{"VI":1483},[],{"title":1540},{"VI":1541},"Emma Hapke",{"url":1426,"publisher":1543,"properties":1592},{"id":868,"createTime":869,"updateTime":870,"relativeEntities":1544,"slug":872,"properties":1545,"entityType":25,"verifyStatus":880,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"subjectFields":1548,"manageAffiliations":1561,"indexDatabases":1572,"url":28,"thumbnailPath":28,"statistic":1587,"gsStatistic":28,"type":55,"analyzePriority":28},[],{"issn":1546,"title":1547},{"VOID":875},{"EN":877},[1549,1553,1557],{"id":883,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1550,"label":1551,"description":1552,"parentId":28,"standard":28,"scholarHubFieldId":28},[],{"EN":886},{},{"id":889,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1554,"label":1555,"description":1556,"parentId":28,"standard":28,"scholarHubFieldId":28},[],{"EN":892},{},{"id":895,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1558,"label":1559,"description":1560,"parentId":28,"standard":28,"scholarHubFieldId":28},[],{"EN":898},{},[1562,1567],{"id":902,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1563,"slug":28,"properties":1564,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1566,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1565},{"EN":906},[],{"id":909,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1568,"slug":28,"properties":1569,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1571,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1570},{"EN":913},[],[1573,1580],{"id":917,"indexDatabase":1574,"url":929,"indexYears":28,"academicFieldIds":1579,"indexDatabaseRanking":28},{"id":919,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1575,"label":1576,"description":1577,"key":926,"publicationTags":1578,"standard":28},[],{"EN":922,"VI":922},{"EN":924,"VI":925},[928,813],[931],{"id":933,"indexDatabase":1581,"url":939,"indexYears":940,"academicFieldIds":1586,"indexDatabaseRanking":945},{"id":775,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1582,"label":1583,"description":1584,"key":781,"publicationTags":1585,"standard":28},[],{"EN":778,"VI":778},{"EN":778,"VI":780},[783],[942,943,944],{"impactFactor":32,"impactFactorByYear":1588,"i10Index":42,"i10IndexLast5Year":123,"totalPublication":948,"totalPublicationByYear":1589,"totalCitation":137,"totalCitationByYear":1590,"totalCitationPerPublication":106,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1591,"hindexLast5Year":42,"hindex":42},{"2019":317,"2020":106,"2021":421,"2022":106},{"2004":49,"2005":199,"2006":127,"2007":126,"2008":199,"2009":128,"2010":323,"2011":135,"2012":128,"2013":136,"2014":130,"2015":147,"2016":122,"2017":278,"2018":352,"2019":152,"2020":50,"2021":332,"2022":612,"2023":522,"2024":138},{"2018":146,"2020":131},{"2018":423,"2020":840},{"pages":1593,"volume":1595},{"VOID":1594},"1-10",{"VOID":1596},"16","2019-07-10",2019,[928,945],{"id":1601,"createTime":1602,"updateTime":1603,"relativeEntities":1604,"slug":1605,"properties":1606,"entityType":971,"verifyStatus":26,"verifyTime":1603,"verifyNote":973,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":1615,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":1616,"publicationType":1053,"publisherRelationship":1695,"citationCount":28,"citationInfo":28,"publishDate":1749,"publishYear":1750,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":1751,"openAccess":28,"references":28,"isForceReanalyzing":1112},"026aae32-32c3-40bd-960c-30dffe402c34","2023-12-01T03:57:37.773+00:00","2025-01-05T20:35:43.717+00:00",[],"You-just-have-to-have-other-models-our-DNA-is-different-the-experiences-of-indigenous-people-who-use-illicit-drugs-and-or-alcohol-accessing-substance-use-treatment",{"abstract":1607,"title":1609,"references":1611,"doi":1613},{"EN":1608},"In Canada, and elsewhere, indigenous peoples who use illicit drugs and\u002For alcohol (IPWUID\u002FA) commonly experience vulnerability and a disproportionate burden of harm related to substance use. In Vancouver, Canada, there are concerns that inequitable access, retention, and post treatment care within substance use treatment programs may exacerbate these harms. This study sought to understand the policies and practices with the potential to produce inequities and vulnerabilities for IPWUID\u002FA in substance use treatment, situate the vulnerabilities of IPWUID\u002FA in substance use treatment within the context of wider structural vulnerability of IPWUID\u002FA, and generate recommendations for culturally safe treatment options. This research employed a qualitative indigenous-led community-based approach using the indigenous methodology of talking circles to explore experiences with substance use treatment. Under the participatory research framework, community researchers led the study design, data collection, and analysis. Talking circles elicited peers’ experiences of substance use treatment and were audio-recorded and transcribed. The talking circles identified three key themes that illustrated the experiences of IPWUID\u002FA when accessing substance use treatment: (a) barriers to accessing detox and substance use treatment; (b) incompatible and culturally inappropriate structure, policies, and procedures within treatment programs, such as forced Christianity within treatment settings; and (c) the importance of culturally relevant, peer-led substance use treatment programming. Our work demonstrates that some IPWUID\u002FA have limited access to or retention in mainstream treatment due to excessive waiting times, strict rules, and lack of cultural appropriate care while in treatment. However, IPWUID\u002FA narratives revealed strategies that can improve IPWUID\u002FA access and experiences, including those informed by the diverse perspectives of IPWUID\u002FA and those that include trauma-informed and culturally safe practices.",{"EN":1610},"You just have to have other models, our DNA is different: the experiences of indigenous people who use illicit drugs and\u002For alcohol accessing substance use treatment",{"VOID":1612},"Balsa AI, McGuire TG. Prejudice, clinical uncertainty and stereotyping as sources of health disparities. J. health Econ. 2003;22(1):89e116.\nAllan B, Smylie J. First peoples, second class treatment: the role of racism in the health and well-being of Indigenous peoples in Canada. Toronto, ON: the Wellesley Institute; 2015.\nReading CL, Wien F. Health inequalities and the social determinants of Aboriginal peoples’ health. Prince George, BC: National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health; 2009.\nAdelson N. The embodiment of inequity: health disparities in Aboriginal Canada. Can J Public Health. 2005:S45–61.\nBethune, R., Absher, N., Obiagwu, M., Qarmout, T., Steeves, M., Yaghoubi, M., ... & Farag, M. (2018). Social determinants of self-reported health for Canada’s indigenous peoples: a public health approach. Public health.\nKolahdooz F, Nader F, Yi KJ, Sharma S. Understanding the social determinants of health among Indigenous Canadians: priorities for health promotion policies and actions. Global Health Action. 2015;8(1):27968.\nCunningham M. Chapter V: health. In: United Nations, Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, State of the world’s Indigenous peoples. New York: United Nations; 2009. p. 156–87.\nMowbray M, editor. Social determinants and indigenous health: the international experience and its policy implications. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health; 2007.\nFirst Nations Health Authority (FNHA). (2016) Overdose data and First Nations in BC: preliminary findings. Retrieved Sept 13, 2018, from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fnha.ca\u002FnewsContent\u002FDocuments\u002FFNHA_OverdoseDataAndFirstNationsInBC_PreliminaryFindings_FinalWeb.pdf.\nStats Canada: https:\u002F\u002Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca\u002Fcensus-recensement\u002F2016\u002Fas-sa\u002Ffogs-spg\u002FFacts-PR-Eng.cfm?TOPIC=9&LANG=Eng&GK=PR&GC=59 .\nStats Canada: https:\u002F\u002Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca\u002Fnhs-enm\u002F2011\u002Fas-sa\u002F99-011-x\u002F2011001\u002Ftbl\u002Ftbl03-eng.cfm.\nChitwood DD, McBride DC, French MT, Comerford M. Health care need and utilization: a preliminary comparison of injection drug users, other illicit drug users, and nonusers. Substance Use Misuse. 1999;34(4-5):727–46.\nGoodman A, Fleming K, Markwick N, Morrison T, Lagimodiere L, Kerr T, Society WAHR. “They treated me like crap and I know it was because I was Native”: the healthcare experiences of Aboriginal peoples living in Vancouver's inner city. Soc Sci Med. 2017;178:87–94.\nKnowlton AR, Hoover DR, Chung SE, Celentano DD, Vlahov D, Latkin CA. Access to medical care and service utilization among injection drug users with HIV\u002FAIDS. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2001;64(1):55–62.\nStatistics Canada; modified 2015 Dec. 23. Available: www12.statcan.gc.ca\u002Fnhs-enm\u002F2011\u002Fas-sa\u002F99-011-x\u002F2011001\u002Ftbl\u002Ftbl03-eng.cfm (accessed 2019 Jan. 30).\nBC Coroners Service. Illicit drug overdose deaths in BC -- January 1, 2007 - October 31, 2017. Burnaby; 2017.\nWerb D, Debeck K, Kerr T, Li K, Montaner J, Wood E. Modelling crack cocaine use trends over 10 years in a Canadian setting. Drug and alcohol review. 2010;29(3):271–7.\nWood E, Kerr T. What do you do when you hit rock bottom? Responding to drugs in the city of Vancouver. Int J Drug Policy. 2006;17(2):55–60.\nCity of Vancouver, Community Services. (2017). City of Vancouver 2016 census: indigenous peoples, immigration and ethno-cultural diversity. Vancouver. doi. https:\u002F\u002Fvancouver.ca\u002Ffiles\u002Fcov\u002F2017-10-27-city-of-vancouver-2016-census-indigenous-peoples-immigration-and-ethno-cultural-diversity.PDF.\nKazempiur A, Halli SS. Neighbourhood poverty in Canadian cities. Can J Sociol. 2000:369–81. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2307\u002F3341647.\nMiller CL, Johnston C, Spittal PM, Li K, LaLiberté N, Montaner JS, Schechter MT. Opportunities for prevention: hepatitis C prevalence and incidence in a cohort of young injection drug users. Hepatology. 2002;36(3):737–42. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1053\u002Fjhep.2002.35065.\nShannon K, Kerr T, Allinott S, Chettiar J, Shoveller J, Tyndall MW. Social and structural violence and power relations in mitigating HIV risk of drug-using women in survival sex work. Soc Sci Med. 2008;66(4):911–21. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.socscimed.2007.11.008.\nSpittal PM, Craib KJ, Wood E, Laliberté N, Li K, Tyndall MW, O’Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT. Risk factors for elevated HIV incidence rates among female injection drug users in Vancouver. Can Med Assoc J. 2002;166(7):894–9.\nCardinal, N., & Adin, E. (2005). An urban Aboriginal life: the 2005 indicators report on the quality of life of Aboriginal people in the Greater Vancouver region. Retrieved from http:\u002F\u002Fchodarr.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Fchodarr0247.pdf.\nCity of Vancouver. (2013). Downtown Eastside (DTES) local area profile 2013. doi: www.vancouver.ca\u002Fdtesplan.\nGoodman A, Morgan R, Kuehlke R, Kastor S, Fleming K, Boyd J. “We’ve Been Researched to Death”: exploring the research experiences of urban indigenous peoples in Vancouver, Canada. Int Indigenous Policy J. 2018;9(2):3.\nLavallée LF. Practical application of an indigenous research framework and two qualitative indigenous research methods: sharing circles and Anishnaabe symbol-based reflection. Int J Qualitative Methods. 2009;8(1):21–40.\nSmith, L. T. (2013). Decolonizing methodologies: research and indigenous peoples. Zed Books Ltd.\nGray D, Wilson M, Allsop S, Saggers S, Wilkes E, Ober C. Barriers and enablers to the provision of alcohol treatment among Aboriginal Australians: a thematic review of five research projects. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2014;33(5):482–90.\nHuriwai T. Re-enculturation: culturally congruent interventions for Mäori with alcohol-and drug-use-associated problems in New Zealand. Substance use & misuse. 2002;37(8-10):1259–68.\nWalters KL, Simoni JM, Evans-Campbell T. Substance use among American Indians and Alaska natives: incorporating culture in an “indigenist” stress-coping paradigm. Public Health Rep. 2002;117(Suppl 1):S104.\nBrowne AJ. Moving beyond description: closing the health equity gap by redressing racism impacting indigenous populations. Soc Sci Med. 2017;(1982):184 23.\nHadland SE, Kerr T, Li K, Montaner JS, Wood E. Access to drug and alcohol treatment among a cohort of street-involved youth. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;101(1–2):1–7.\nLiebling EJ, Yedinak JL, Green TC, Hadland SE, Clark MA, Marshall BD. Access to substance use treatment among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically. Substance Abuse Treat Prevention Policy. 2016;11(1):38.\nRedko C, Rapp RC, Carlson RG. Waiting time as a barrier to treatment entry: perceptions of substance users. Journal of Drug Issues. 2006;36(4):831–52.\nAmaro H, Chernoff M, Brown V, Arévalo S, Gatz M. Does integrated trauma-informed substance abuse treatment increase treatment retention? J Commun Psychol. 2007;35(7):845–62.\nNeff JA, Shorkey CT, Windsor LC. Contrasting faith-based and traditional substance abuse treatment programs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2006;30(1):49–61.\nMowbray, M. (2007). Social determinants and indigenous health: the international experience and its policy implications. Commission on Social Determinants of Health.\nTruth, & Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Canada’s residential schools: the final report of the truth and reconciliation commission of Canada (Vol. 1). McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP.\nBurstow B. Toward a radical understanding of trauma and trauma work. Violence Against Women. 2003;9(11):1293–317.\nRosenberg L. Addressing trauma in mental health and substance use treatment. The journal of behavioral health services & research. 2011;38(4):428.\nPoole N, Chansonneuve D, Hache A. Improving substance use treatment for First Nations, Métis and Inuit women: recommendations arising from a virtual inquiry project. First Peoples Child Family Rev. 2013;8(2).\nGreenfield SF, Brooks AJ, Gordon SM, Green CA, Kropp F, McHugh RK, et al. Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: a review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Dependence. 2007;86(1):1–21.\nSinha V, Kozlowski A. The structure of Aboriginal child welfare in Canada. Int Indigenous Policy J. 2013;4(2):2.\nTrocmé N, Knoke D, Blackstock C. Pathways to the overrepresentation of Aboriginal children in Canada’s child welfare system. Soc Service Rev. 2004;78(4):577–600.\nBarker B, Alfred GT, Kerr T. An uncaring state? The overrepresentation of First Nations children in the Canadian child welfare system. Cmaj. 2014;186(14):E533–5.\nBlackstock C, Trocmé N. Community-based child welfare for Aboriginal children: supporting resilience through structural change. Soc Policy J New Zealand. 2005;24(12):12–33.\nRowan M, Poole N, Shea B, Gone JP, Mykota D, Farag M, et al. Cultural interventions to treat addictions in indigenous populations: findings from a scoping study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2014;9(1):34.\nDechman MK. Peer helpers’ struggles to care for “others” who inject drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2015;26(5):492–500.\nGreer AM, Luchenski SA, Amlani AA, Lacroix K, Burmeister C, Buxton JA. Peer engagement in harm reduction strategies and services: a critical case study and evaluation framework from British Columbia, Canada. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):452.\nBoyd J, Boyd S. Women’s activism in a drug user union in the Downtown Eastside. Contemporary Justice Rev. 2014;17(3):313–25.\nBardwell G, Fleming T, Collins AB, Boyd J, McNeil R. Addressing intersecting housing and overdose crises in Vancouver, Canada: opportunities and challenges from a tenant-led overdose response intervention in single room occupancy hotels. J Urban Health. 2018:1–9.",{"VOID":1614},"10.1186\u002Fs12954-020-00366-3","https:\u002F\u002Fharmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12954-020-00366-3",[1617,1632,1647,1660,1673],{"id":1618,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1619,"affiliations":1620,"properties":1629,"displayName":1631,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"8ca06c6f-170c-4175-9d9d-7f704ada4002",[979],[1621],{"id":1622,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1623,"properties":28},"07c4c2cd-9f13-43af-a156-d9847d2e96d8",{"id":1622,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1624,"slug":28,"properties":1625,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1628,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1626},{"VI":1627},"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada",[],{"title":1630},{"VI":1631},"Jennifer Lavalley",{"id":1633,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":1634,"affiliations":1635,"properties":1644,"displayName":1646,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"164b90ad-987b-48b8-923f-ae425d4ec252",[979],[1636],{"id":1637,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1638,"properties":28},"cbc50f38-4e9a-43c2-afe3-b520993cd9ec",{"id":1637,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1639,"slug":28,"properties":1640,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1643,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1641},{"VI":1642},"Western Aboriginal Harm Reduction Society, Vancouver, Canada",[],{"title":1645},{"VI":1646},"Shelda 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Tourangeau",{"id":1661,"sortIndex":42,"researcher":28,"roles":1662,"affiliations":1663,"properties":1670,"displayName":1672,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"fe79f722-083f-47e2-a308-b70c15c4cc50",[979],[1664],{"id":1622,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1665,"properties":28},{"id":1622,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1666,"slug":28,"properties":1667,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1669,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1668},{"VI":1627},[],{"title":1671},{"VI":1672},"Ashley Goodman",{"id":1674,"sortIndex":45,"researcher":28,"roles":1675,"affiliations":1676,"properties":1692,"displayName":1694,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"8d867f53-537f-450a-91c8-884af7a5edd8",[979],[1677,1683],{"id":1622,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1678,"properties":28},{"id":1622,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1679,"slug":28,"properties":1680,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1682,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1681},{"VI":1627},[],{"id":1684,"sortIndex":40,"affiliation":1685,"properties":1691},"0ddf3be0-8482-42e0-a5b4-b7262dd14029",{"id":1684,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1686,"slug":28,"properties":1687,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1690,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1688},{"VI":1689},"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada",[],{},{"title":1693},{"VI":1694},"Thomas Kerr",{"url":1615,"publisher":1696,"properties":1745},{"id":868,"createTime":869,"updateTime":870,"relativeEntities":1697,"slug":872,"properties":1698,"entityType":25,"verifyStatus":880,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"subjectFields":1701,"manageAffiliations":1714,"indexDatabases":1725,"url":28,"thumbnailPath":28,"statistic":1740,"gsStatistic":28,"type":55,"analyzePriority":28},[],{"issn":1699,"title":1700},{"VOID":875},{"EN":877},[1702,1706,1710],{"id":883,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1703,"label":1704,"description":1705,"parentId":28,"standard":28,"scholarHubFieldId":28},[],{"EN":886},{},{"id":889,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1707,"label":1708,"description":1709,"parentId":28,"standard":28,"scholarHubFieldId":28},[],{"EN":892},{},{"id":895,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1711,"label":1712,"description":1713,"parentId":28,"standard":28,"scholarHubFieldId":28},[],{"EN":898},{},[1715,1720],{"id":902,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1716,"slug":28,"properties":1717,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1719,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1718},{"EN":906},[],{"id":909,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1721,"slug":28,"properties":1722,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1724,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1723},{"EN":913},[],[1726,1733],{"id":917,"indexDatabase":1727,"url":929,"indexYears":28,"academicFieldIds":1732,"indexDatabaseRanking":28},{"id":919,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1728,"label":1729,"description":1730,"key":926,"publicationTags":1731,"standard":28},[],{"EN":922,"VI":922},{"EN":924,"VI":925},[928,813],[931],{"id":933,"indexDatabase":1734,"url":939,"indexYears":940,"academicFieldIds":1739,"indexDatabaseRanking":945},{"id":775,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1735,"label":1736,"description":1737,"key":781,"publicationTags":1738,"standard":28},[],{"EN":778,"VI":778},{"EN":778,"VI":780},[783],[942,943,944],{"impactFactor":32,"impactFactorByYear":1741,"i10Index":42,"i10IndexLast5Year":123,"totalPublication":948,"totalPublicationByYear":1742,"totalCitation":137,"totalCitationByYear":1743,"totalCitationPerPublication":106,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1744,"hindexLast5Year":42,"hindex":42},{"2019":317,"2020":106,"2021":421,"2022":106},{"2004":49,"2005":199,"2006":127,"2007":126,"2008":199,"2009":128,"2010":323,"2011":135,"2012":128,"2013":136,"2014":130,"2015":147,"2016":122,"2017":278,"2018":352,"2019":152,"2020":50,"2021":332,"2022":612,"2023":522,"2024":138},{"2018":146,"2020":131},{"2018":423,"2020":840},{"pages":1746,"volume":1747},{"VOID":1594},{"VOID":1748},"17","2020-03-24",2020,[928,945],{"id":1753,"createTime":1754,"updateTime":1754,"relativeEntities":1755,"slug":28,"properties":1756,"entityType":971,"verifyStatus":880,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":32,"primaryUrl":1765,"fullTextUrl":28,"authors":1766,"publicationType":1053,"publisherRelationship":1823,"citationCount":28,"citationInfo":28,"publishDate":1877,"publishYear":1750,"citationAnalyzeStatus":880,"lastCitationAnalyze":28,"indexDatabases":1878,"openAccess":28,"references":28,"isForceReanalyzing":1112},"02e25d3d-5f0b-4722-b677-db98bb44474e","2024-01-08T12:31:36.544+00:00",[],{"abstract":1757,"title":1759,"references":1761,"doi":1763},{"EN":1758},"West Virginia is a largely rural state with strong ties of kinship, mutual systems of support and charitable giving. At the same time, wealth inequalities are extreme and the state’s drug overdose fatality rate stands above all others in the USA at 51.5\u002F100,000 in 2018, largely opioid-related. In recent years, harm reduction services have been active in the state but in 2018 Charleston’s needle and syringe program was forced to close. This paper considers the risk environment in which the state’s drug-related loss of life, and those attempting to prevent it, exist. This rapid ethnographic study involved semi-structured interviews (n = 21), observation and video recordings of injection sequences (n = 5), initially recruiting people who inject heroin\u002Ffentanyl (PWIH) at the Charleston needle and syringe program. Snowball sampling led the research team to surrounding towns in southern West Virginia. Telephone interviews (n = 2) with individuals involved in service provision were also carried out. PWIH in southern West Virginia described an often unsupportive, at times hostile risk environment that may increase the risk of overdose fatalities. Negative experiences, including from some emergency responders, and fears of punitive legal consequences from calling these services may deter PWIH from seeking essential help. Compassion fatigue and burnout may play a part in this, along with resentment regarding high demands placed by the overdose crisis on impoverished state resources. We also found low levels of knowledge about safe injection practices among PWIH. Hostility faced by PWIH may increase their risk of overdose fatalities, injection-related injury and the risk of HIV and hepatitis C transmission by deterring help-seeking and limiting the range of harm reduction services provided locally. Greater provision of overdose prevention education and naloxone for peer distribution could help PWIH to reverse overdoses while alleviating the burden on emergency services. Although essential for reducing mortality, measures that address drug use alone are not enough to safeguard longer-term public health. The new wave of psychostimulant-related deaths underline the urgency of addressing the deeper causes that feed high-risk patterns of drug use beyond drugs and drug use.\n",{"EN":1760},"Hostility, compassion and role reversal in West Virginia’s long opioid overdose emergency",{"VOID":1762},"Scholl L, Seth P, Kariisa M, Wilson N, Baldwin G. Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths-United States, 2013–2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;67(5152):1419–27.\nSeth P, Scholl L, Rudd RA, Bacon S. Overdose deaths involving opioids, cocaine, and psychostimulants-United States, 2015–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(12):349–58.\nWest Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources. West Virginia drug overdose deaths historical overview 2001–2015 [Internet]. 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Community economic identity: the coal industry and ideology construction in West Virginia. Rural Sociol. 2010;75(1):111–43.\nSpence B, Kunkel C, Schewel E, Boettner T, Martin L. Who owns West Virginia? West Virginia Center on Budget & Policy. 2013;13.\nParker L. A century of controversy, accidents in West Virginia’s chemical valley in lead-up to spill. National Geographic. 2014;\nFox J. Mountaintop removal in West Virginia: an environmental sacrifice zone. Organ Environ. 1999;12(2):163–83.\nCoyne CA, Demian-Popescu C, Friend D. Social and cultural factors influencing health in Southern West Virginia: a qualitative study. Prev Chronic Dis. 2006;3(4):8.\nWest Virginia Civic Health Index [Internet]. National Conference on Citizenship. [cited 2019 Aug 12]. https:\u002F\u002Fncoc.org\u002Fresearch-type\u002Fwest-virginia-civic-health-index\u002F\n50 Most Generous Cities in America [Internet]. Barna Group. 2016 [cited 2019 Aug 12]. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.barna.com\u002Fresearch\u002F50-most-generous-cities-in-america\u002F\nMars SG, Bourgois P, Karandinos G, Montero F, Ciccarone D. “Every ‘never’ I ever said came true”: transitions from opioid pills to heroin injecting. Int J Drug Policy. 2014;25(2):257–66.\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. County Prescribing Rates, 2016 [Internet]. U.S. County Prescribing Rates, 2016 | Drug Overdose | CDC Injury Center. 2017 [cited 2018 Aug 22]. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fdrugoverdose\u002Fmaps\u002Frxcounty2016.html\nYoung AM, Havens JR. Transition from first illicit drug use to first injection drug use among rural Appalachian drug users: a cross-sectional comparison and retrospective survival analysis. Addiction. 2012;107(3):587–96.\nHavens JR, Oser CB, Knudsen HK, Lofwall M, Stoops WW, Walsh SL, et al. Individual and network factors associated with non-fatal overdose among rural Appalachian drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;115(1–2):107–12.\nHavens JR, Lofwall MR, Frost SD, Oser CB, Leukefeld CG, Crosby RA. Individual and network factors associated with prevalent hepatitis C infection among rural Appalachian injection drug users. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(1):e44–e52.\nKeyes KM, Cerdá M, Brady JE, Havens JR, Galea S. Understanding the rural-urban differences in nonmedical prescription opioid use and abuse in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(2):e52–e5959.\nBabcock C, Rockich-Winston N, Booth C. Bringing naloxone to ground zero: Huntington, West Virginia. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2017;57(2):S9–10.\nSchneider KE, O’Rourke A, White RH, Park JN, Musci RJ, Kilkenny ME, et al. Polysubstance use in rural West Virginia: Associations between latent classes of drug use, overdose, and take-home naloxone. Int J Drug Policy. 2020;1(76):102642.\nBixler D, Corby-Lee G, Proescholdbell S, Ramirez T, Kilkenny ME, LaRocco M, et al. 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Charleston: West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources; 2018.",{"VOID":1764},"10.1186\u002Fs12954-020-00416-w","https:\u002F\u002Fharmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12954-020-00416-w",[1767,1782,1795,1810],{"id":1768,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":1769,"affiliations":1770,"properties":1779,"displayName":1781,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"1837e63f-efdf-4a09-8f70-9f36d2dc0ce8",[979],[1771],{"id":1772,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1773,"properties":28},"2e1a9ef5-a9a6-4fa9-9a98-7b9c1c9a1054",{"id":1772,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1774,"slug":28,"properties":1775,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1778,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1776},{"VI":1777},"Heroin in Transition Study, UCSF Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA",[],{"title":1780},{"VI":1781},"Jeff Ondocsin",{"id":1783,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":1784,"affiliations":1785,"properties":1792,"displayName":1794,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"5cf252f4-6b62-4f8c-996e-a218acf3a4bb",[979],[1786],{"id":1772,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1787,"properties":28},{"id":1772,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1788,"slug":28,"properties":1789,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1791,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1790},{"VI":1777},[],{"title":1793},{"VI":1794},"Sarah G. 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low-threshold methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programme in Hong Kong has been in place for about 40 years. Assessment of the participation pattern of methadone users may inform future programme development to achieve effective harm reduction. Longitudinal clinical data of methadone users who first registered for MMT in the year 2008 in Hong Kong were retrieved after ethical and institutional approval. Participation pattern of this cohort was evaluated by examining users’ frequency of attendance and then the overall retention rate. A subgroup of consistent users who remained on treatment in 2012 and\u002For 2013 was analysed. Comparison was made between high- and low-frequency users, and among high\u002Fmoderate and low consistency users, to test their correlations with socio-demographics and social connectivity. The cohort of methadone users registering in the year 2008 was composed of 351 persons, 77 % of whom were ethnic Chinese, with a median age of 34 and the duration of heroin dependency of 6 years. The participation pattern of methadone users was highly variable, with a 6-year retention rate of 38 %. Discontinuations or 'breaks' of >28 days had occurred in 212 (60 %) methadone users. About one third (n = 117) were high-frequency users who had attended more than twice a week for at least 90 % of their treatment periods. The dosages received by high-frequency users were generally higher. Of those continuing on treatment in the fifth and\u002For sixth year (n = 185), 30 (16 %), 29 (16 %) and 126 (68 %) gave a high, moderate and low level of consistency as defined by the lengths of breaks. High\u002Fmoderate consistency users had a longer history of heroin use and a higher degree of connectivity with other users by social network analysis. Despite the variability of frequency and consistency of attendance of drug users enrolling in the low-threshold MMT programme in Hong Kong, a consistent pattern could be seen in the proportional distribution of dosage and participation efforts. Whereas an adequate dosage was a potential predictor of optimal frequency of attendance, demographics and connectivity had varied between continued users with different levels of consistency.",{"EN":1889},"Participation dynamics of a cohort of drug users in a low-threshold methadone treatment programme",{"VOID":1891},"citation_journal_title=Subst Use Misuse.; citation_title=Histories of harm reduction: illicit drugs, tobacco, and nicotine; citation_author=V Berridge; citation_volume=34; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=35-47; citation_doi=10.3109\u002F10826089909035634; citation_id=CR1\nHunt N. A review of the evidence-base for harm reduction approaches to drug use. Forward thinking on drugs. 2003. \n                    http:\u002F\u002Fwww.forward-thinking-on-drugs.org\u002Freview2-print.html\n                    \n                  . 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Cleland, C Fong, DJ Kayman, B Tempalski, M Parrino; citation_volume=2011; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=948789; citation_doi=10.1155\u002F2011\u002F948789; citation_id=CR20\ncitation_journal_title=AIDS Behav.; citation_title=Social network structure and HIV infection among injecting drug users in Lithuania: gatekeepers as bridges of infection; citation_author=VA Gyarmathy, I Caplinskiene, S Caplinskas, CA Latkin; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=505-510; citation_doi=10.1007\u002Fs10461-014-0702-6; citation_id=CR21\ncitation_journal_title=J Urban Health.; citation_title=A social network profile and HIV risk among men on methadone: do social networks matter?; citation_author=NDSW El-Bassel, L Gilbert, E Wu, M Chang; citation_volume=83; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=602-613; citation_doi=10.1007\u002Fs11524-006-9075-0; citation_id=CR22\ncitation_journal_title=Int J Infect Diseases.; citation_title=A multilevel approach for assessing the variability of hepatitis C prevalence in injection drug users by their gathering places; citation_author=NS Wong, PC Chan, SS Lee, SL Lee, CK Lee; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=e193-e198; citation_doi=10.1016\u002Fj.ijid.2012.10.004; 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Kong",[],{"title":1910},{"VI":1911},"Kwan, Tsz Ho",{"id":1913,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":1914,"affiliations":1915,"properties":1924,"displayName":1926,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"b651f999-cfaa-43c0-a75e-9521e2b10465",[979],[1916],{"id":1917,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":1918,"properties":28},"3e257d02-fc4f-459f-8427-978a2e5a0789",{"id":1917,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":1919,"slug":28,"properties":1920,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":1923,"statistic":28},[],{"title":1921},{"VI":1922},"Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong",[],{"title":1925},{"VI":1926},"Wong, Ngai 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role in harm reduction is expanding in many states, yet there are limited data on pharmacists’ willingness to participate in harm reduction activities. This study assessed community pharmacists’ willingness to participate in one harm reduction initiative: syringe\u002Fneedle exchange. In 2015, all Kentucky pharmacists with active licenses were emailed a survey that examined attitudes towards participation in syringe\u002Fneedle exchange. Response frequencies were calculated for community pharmacist respondents. Ordinal logistic regression estimated the impact of community pharmacist characteristics and attitudes on willingness to provide clean needles\u002Fsyringes to people who inject drugs and to dispose of used syringes\u002Fneedles, where both dependent variables were defined as Likert-type questions on a scale of 1 (not at all willing) to 6 (very willing). Of 4699 practicing Kentucky pharmacists, 1282 pharmacists responded (response rate = 27.3%); the majority (n = 827) were community pharmacists. Community pharmacists were divided on willingness to provide clean needles\u002Fsyringes, with 39.1% not willing (score 1 or 2 of 6) and 30% very willing (score 5 or 6 of 6). Few were willing to dispose of used needles\u002Fsyringes, with only 18.7% willing. Community pharmacists who agreed that pharmacists could have significant public health impact by providing access to clean needles expressed 3.56 times more willingness to provide clean needles (95% CI 3.06–4.15), and 2.04 times more willingness to dispose of used needles (95% CI 1.77–2.35). Chain\u002Fsupermarket pharmacists (n = 485, 58.6% of community pharmacies) were 39% less likely to express willingness to dispose of used needles (95% CI 0.43–0.87) when compared with independent community pharmacists (n = 342, 41.4% of community pharmacies). Independent pharmacists reported different barriers (workflow) than their chain\u002Fsupermarket pharmacist colleagues (concerns of clientele). Kentucky community pharmacists were more willing to provide clean needles than to dispose of used needles. Strategies to mitigate barriers to participation in syringe\u002Fneedle exchange are warranted.",{"EN":2007},"Pharmacists’ role in harm reduction: a survey assessment of Kentucky community pharmacists’ willingness to participate in syringe\u002Fneedle exchange",{"VOID":2009},"Aspinall EJ, Nambiar D, Goldberg DJ, Hickman M, Weir A, Van Velzen E, Palmateer N, Doyle JS, Hellard ME, Hutchinson SJ. Are needle and syringe programmes associated with a reduction in HIV transmission among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43:235–48.\nMacneil J, Pauly B. Needle exchange as a safe haven in an unsafe world. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2011;30:26–32.\nMcLean K. Needle exchange and the geography of survival in the South Bronx. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2012;23:295–302.\nBurr CK, Storm DS, Hoyt MJ, Dutton L, Berezny L, Allread V, Paul S. Integrating health and prevention services in syringe access programs: a strategy to address unmet needs in a high-risk population. Public Health Rep. 2014;129:26–32.\nRobinowitz N, Smith ME, Serio-Chapman C, Chaulk P, Johnson KE. Wounds on wheels: implementing a specialized wound clinic within an established syringe exchange program in Baltimore, Maryland. Am J Public Health. 2014;104:2057–9.\nStraus MM, Ghitza UE, Tai B. Preventing deaths from rising opioid overdose in the US—the promise of naloxone antidote in community-based naloxone take-home programs. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 2013;4:65–72.\nBailey AM, Wermeling DP. Naloxone for opioid overdose prevention: pharmacists’ role in community-based practice settings. Ann Pharmacother. 2014;48:601–6.\nJanulis P. Pharmacy nonprescription syringe distribution and HIV\u002FAIDS: a review. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2012;52:787–97.\nHoltgrave DR, Pinkerton Sd Fau-Jones TS, Jones Ts Fau-Lurie P, Lurie P Fau-Vlahov D, Vlahov D: Cost and cost-effectiveness of increasing access to sterile syringes and needles as an HIV prevention intervention in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998;18(Suppl 1):S133-8.\nClarke K. The case of a needle exchange policy debate in Fresno, California. Critical Social Policy. 2015;36:289–306.\nGreen TC, Martin EG, Bowman SE, Mann MR, Beletsky L. Life after the ban: an assessment of US syringe exchange programs’ attitudes about and early experiences with federal funding. Am J Public Health. 2012;102:e9–16.\nSawangjit R, Khan TM, Chaiyakunapruk N. Effectiveness of pharmacy-based needle\u002Fsyringe exchange programme for people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2017;112:236–47.\nSurvey of pharmacy law: 2016. Mount Prospect, IL: National Association of Boards of Pharmacy; 2017.\nHarris AM, Iqbal K, Schillie S, Britton J, Kainer MA, Tressler S, Vellozzi C. Increases in acute hepatitis B virus infections—Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia, 2006-2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:47–50.\nZibbell JE, Iqbal K, Patel RC, Suryaprasad A, Sanders KJ, Moore-Moravian L, Serrecchia J, Blankenship S, Ward JW, Holtzman D. Increases in hepatitis C virus infection related to injection drug use among persons aged ≤ 30 years—Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, 2006-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:453–8.\nCampbell EM, Jia H, Shankar A, Hanson D, Luo W, Masciotra S, Owen SM, Oster AM, Galang RR, Spiller MW, et al. Detailed transmission network analysis of a large opiate-driven outbreak of HIV infection in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2017;216:1053–62.\nKentucky Revised Statutes. An Act relating to controlled substances and declaring an emergency, vol. § KRS 217.186. Kentucky.; enacted 2015.\nMarshall BDL, Green TC, Yedinak JL, Hadland SE. Harm reduction for young people who use prescription opioids extra-medically: obstacles and opportunities. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2016;31:25–31.\nZaller ND, Yokell MA, Nayak SM, Fu JJ, Bazazi AR, Rich JD. Syringe acquisition experiences and attitudes among injection drug users undergoing short-term opioid detoxification in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Journal of Urban Health. 2012;89:659–70.\nFrank D, Mateu-Gelabert P, Guarino H, Bennett A, Wendel T, Jessell L, Teper A. High risk and little knowledge: overdose experiences and knowledge among young adult nonmedical prescription opioid users. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2015;26:84–91.\nNielsen S, Menon N, Larney S, Farrell M, Degenhardt L. Community pharmacist knowledge, attitudes and confidence regarding naloxone for overdose reversal. Addiction. 2016;111:2177–86.\nSaucier CD, Zaller N, Macmadu A, Green TC. An initial evaluation of law enforcement overdose training in Rhode Island. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;162:211–8.\nHarris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap): a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42:377–81.\nRural-Urban Continuum Codes [http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ers.usda.gov\u002Fdata-products\u002Frural-urban-continuum-codes.aspx].\nStataCorp. Stata statistical software: release 13. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2013.\nYang Y, Latkin C, Luan R, Yang C. A cross-sectional study of the feasibility of pharmacy-delivered harm reduction services among people who inject drugs in Xichang, China. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:885.\nRiley ED, Safaeian M, Strathdee SA, Marx MA, Huettner S, Beilenson P, Vlahov D. Comparing new participants of a mobile versus a pharmacy-based needle exchange program. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2000;24:57–61.\nRudolph AE, Standish K Amesty S, Crawford ND, Stern RJ, Badillo WE, Boyer A, Brown D, Ranger N, Orduna JMG, Lasenburg L, et al. A community-based approach to linking injection drug users with needed services through pharmacies: an evaluation of a pilot intervention in New York City. AIDS Educ Prev. 2010;22(3):238-51.\nBratberg JP. Opioids, naloxone, and beyond: the intersection of medication safety, public health, and pharmacy. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 57:S5–7.\nSurveillance for viral hepatitis—United States, 2013. (Division of Viral Hepatitis NCfHA, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention ed. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2013.\nMillar MM, Dillman DA. Improving response to web and mixed-mode surveys. Public Opinion Quarterly. 2011;",{"VOID":2011},"10.1186\u002Fs12954-018-0211-4","https:\u002F\u002Fharmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12954-018-0211-4",[2014,2029,2044,2059],{"id":2015,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":2016,"affiliations":2017,"properties":2026,"displayName":2028,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"963e7f79-a082-4d9a-9364-a551f42f0d16",[979],[2018],{"id":2019,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":2020,"properties":28},"b647231f-d432-4a79-9426-9ba9bf757470",{"id":2019,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":2021,"slug":28,"properties":2022,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":2025,"statistic":28},[],{"title":2023},{"VI":2024},"College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA",[],{"title":2027},{"VI":2028},"Amie Goodin",{"id":2030,"sortIndex":40,"researcher":28,"roles":2031,"affiliations":2032,"properties":2041,"displayName":2043,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"81c9d02c-e14c-426c-bca8-76cd1f9edd78",[979],[2033],{"id":2034,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":2035,"properties":28},"0712be77-8787-4343-91ca-d90e64f1bd47",{"id":2034,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":2036,"slug":28,"properties":2037,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":2040,"statistic":28},[],{"title":2038},{"VI":2039},"College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA",[],{"title":2042},{"VI":2043},"Amanda Fallin-Bennett",{"id":2045,"sortIndex":123,"researcher":28,"roles":2046,"affiliations":2047,"properties":2056,"displayName":2058,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"51be1de2-aa9a-4256-ae47-6b3e244f57b1",[979],[2048],{"id":2049,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":2050,"properties":28},"30ff6119-ef83-4bf1-a7b0-1a5340863257",{"id":2049,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":2051,"slug":28,"properties":2052,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":2055,"statistic":28},[],{"title":2053},{"VI":2054},"Emergency Medicine, Injury Prevention Research Center, College of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, USA",[],{"title":2057},{"VI":2058},"Traci Green",{"id":2060,"sortIndex":42,"researcher":28,"roles":2061,"affiliations":2062,"properties":2071,"displayName":2073,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"b3fc8a71-aad4-4f10-b491-dab0ce298cb3",[979],[2063],{"id":2064,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":2065,"properties":28},"747d15fe-7e73-427c-8d6a-eabcb5f4f992",{"id":2064,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":2066,"slug":28,"properties":2067,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":2070,"statistic":28},[],{"title":2068},{"VI":2069},"Pharmacy Practice and Science, Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA",[],{"title":2072},{"VI":2073},"Patricia R. 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During COVID-19 restrictions, remote spotting (e.g., using a telephone, video call, and\u002For a social media app) emerged to address physical distancing requirements and reduced access to harm reduction and\u002For sexually transmitted blood borne infection (STBBI’s) prevention services. We explored spotting implementation issues from the perspectives of spotters and spottees. Research assistants with lived\u002Fliving expertise of drug use used personal networks and word of mouth to recruit PWUD from Ontario and Nova Scotia who provided or used informal spotting. All participants completed a semi-structured, audio-recorded telephone interview about spotting service design, benefits, challenges, and recommendations. Recordings were transcribed and thematic analysis was used. We interviewed 20 individuals between 08\u002F2020–11\u002F2020 who were involved in informal spotting. Spotting was provided on various platforms (e.g., telephone, video calls, and through texts) and locations (e.g. home, car), offered connection and community support, and addressed barriers to the use of supervised consumption sites (e.g., location, stigma, confidentiality, safety, availability, COVID-19 related closures). Spotting calls often began with setting an overdose response plan (i.e., when and who to call). Many participants noted that, due to the criminalization of drug use and fear of arrest, they preferred that roommates\u002Ffriends\u002Ffamily members be called instead of emergency services in case of an overdose. Both spotters and spottees raised concerns about the timeliness of overdose response, particularly in remote and rural settings. Spotting is a novel addition to, but not replacement for, existing harm reduction services. To optimize overdose\u002FCOVID-19\u002FSTBBI’s prevention services, additional supports (e.g., changes to Good Samaritan Laws) are needed. The criminalization of drug use may limit uptake of formal spotting services.",{"EN":2142},"A qualitative study on overdose response in the era of COVID-19 and beyond: how to spot someone so they never have to use alone",{"VOID":2144},"Friedman S, de Jong W, Rossi D, et al. Harm reduction theory: users“ culture, micro-social indigenous harm reduction, and the self-organization and outside-organizing of users” groups. Int J Drug Policy. 2007;18(2):107–17.\nMcNeil R, Small W, Lampkin H, Shannon K, Kerr T. “People Knew They Could Come Here to Get Help”: an ethnographic study of assisted injection practices at a peer-run ‘unsanctioned’ supervised drug consumption room in a Canadian setting. AIDS Behav. 2013;18(3):473–85.\nForeman-Mackey A, Bayoumi AM, Miskovic M, Kolla G, Strike C. “It’s our safe sanctuary”_ experiences of using an unsanctioned overdose prevention site in Toronto Ontario. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;73:135–40.\nCollins AB, Boyd J, Cooper HLF, McNeil R. The intersectional risk environment of people who use drugs. Soc Sci Med. 2019;234(112384):1–24.\nRhodes T. Risk environments and drug harms: A social science for harm reduction approach. Int J Drug Policy. 2009;20(3):193–201.\nMcNeil R, Small W. ‘Safer environment interventions’: A qualitative synthesis of theexperiences and perceptions of people who inject drugs. Soc Sci Med. 2014;106:151–8.\nJean R, Bonn M. Drug-user groups innovate to reduce the risks of using while isolated. Filter 2020.\nBrave Technology Cooperative. We are Brave 2021.\nGrenfell Ministries. Grenfell Ministries at a Glance 2020. (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.grenfellministries.org2020).\nGovernment of Canada. Apparent opioid and stimulant toxicity deaths surveillance of opioid- and stimulant-related harms in Canada, 2021.\nGomes T, Murray R, Kolla G, et al. Changing circumstances surrounding opioid-related deaths in ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic: the ontario drug policy research network. The Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario., Ontario Forensic Pathology Service., Public Health Ontario., 2021.\nStephenson J. CDC Warns of surge in drug overdose deaths during COVID-19. JAMA Health Forum 2021; 1–2.\nToronto's Drug Checking Service. Results from samples checked by Toronto’s drug checking service: Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation, 2021.\nSpecial Advisory Committee on the Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses. National report: Opioid-related Harms in Canada Web-based Report. Ottawa 2019.\nGuise A, Horyniak D, Melo J, McNeil R, Werb D. The experience of initiating injection drug use and its social context: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis. Addiction. 2017;112(12):2098–111.\nUrbanik MM, Greene C. Operational and contextual barriers to accessing supervised consumption services in two Canadian cities. Int J Drug Policy. 2021;88(102991):1–8.\nBardwell G, Strike C, Altenberg J, Barnaby L, Kerr T. Implementation contexts and the impact of policing on access to supervised consumption services in Toronto, Canada: a qualitative comparative analysis. Harm Reduct J. 2019;16(30):1–9.\nKennedy MC, Hayashi K, Milloy MJ, Boyd J, Wood E, Kerr T. Supervised injection facility use and exposure to violence among a cohort of people who inject drugs: A gender-based analysis. Int J Drug Policy. 2020;78(102692):1–10.\nKolla G, Dodd Z, Ko J, Boyce N, Ovens S. Canada’s overdose crisis: authorities are not acting fast enough. Lancet Public Health 2019; 4(4): e180.\nParker J, Jackson L, Dykeman M, Gahagan J, Karabanow J. Access to harm reduction services in Atlantic Canada: Implications for non-urban residents who inject drugs. Health Place. 2012;18(2):152–62.\nWardman D, Quantz D. Harm reduction services for British Columbia's First Nation population: a qualitative inquiry into opportunities and barriers for injection drug users. Harm Reduction Journal 2006; 3(30).\nBelzak L, Halverson J. Evidence synthesis - The opioid crisis in Canada: a national perspective. Health Promotion Chronic Disease Prevent. 2018;38(6):224–33.\nRoxburgh A, Jauncey M, Day C, et al. Adapting harm reduction services during COVID-19: lessons from the supervised injecting facilities in Australia. Harm Reduct J. 2021;18(20):1–10.\nCanadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Substance Use Treatment Capacity in Canada, 2020.\nPapamihali K, Yoon M, Graham B, et al. Convenience and comfort: reasons reported for using drugs alone among clients of harm reduction sites in British Columbia Canada. Harm Reduct J. 2020;17(90):1–11.\nThorne S. Interpretive Description: Qualitative Research for Applied Practice; 2016.\nCollins AB, Boyd J, Mayer S, et al. Policing space in the overdose crisis: a rapid ethnographic study of the impact of law enforcement practices on the effectiveness of overdose prevention sites. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;73:199–207.\nMcNeil R, Kerr T, Lampkin H, Small W. “We need somewhere to smoke crack”: an ethnographic study of an unsanctioned safer smoking room in Vancouver Canada. Int J Drug Policy. 2015;26(7):645–52.\nStrike C, Rotondi NK, Watson TM, Kolla G, Bayoumi AM. Public opinions about supervised smoking facilities for crack cocaine and other stimulants. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 2016;11(8):1–10.\nKerr T, Mitra S, Kennedy MC, McNeil R. Supervised injection facilities in Canada: past, present, and future. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14(28):1–9.\nBourque S, Pijl EM, Mason E, Manning J, Motz T. Supervised inhalation is an important part of supervised consumption services. Can J Public Health. 2019;110(2):210–5.\nKolla G, Strike C. ‘It’s too much, I’m getting really tired of it’: Overdose response and structural vulnerabilities among harm reduction workers in community settings. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;74:127–35.\nLatimore AD, Bergstein RS. “Caught with a body” yet protected by law? Calling 911 for opioid overdose in the context of the Good Samaritan Law. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;50:82–9.\nThe Network for Public Health Law. Legal interventions to reduce overdose mortality: Naloxone access and Good Samaritan Laws, 2017.\nEvans TI, Hadland SE, Clark MA, Green TC, Marshall BD. Factors associated with knowledge of a Good Samaritan Law among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically. Harm Reduct J. 2016;13(24):1–6.\nMoallef S, Hayashi K. The effectiveness of drug-related Good Samaritan laws: A review of the literature. Int J Drug Policy. 2021;90(102773):1–6.\nBanta-Green CJ, Beletsky L, Schoeppe JA, Coffin PO, Kuszler PC. Police officers’ and paramedics’ experiences with overdose and their knowledge and opinions of Washington State’s drug overdose–naloxone–good samaritan law. J Urban Health. 2013;90:1102–11.\nJakubowski A, Kunins HV, Huxley-Reicher Z, Siegler A. Knowledge of the 911 Good Samaritan Law and 911-calling behavior of overdose witnesses. Susbtance Abuse. 2018;39(2):233–8.\nKlassen D, Buxton J. Overdose recognition and response in the BC take home naloxone program, 2016.\nVancouver Police Department. 1.6.28 Guidelines for police attending illicit drug overdoses. Vancouver, British Columbia 2006.\nStrike C, Watson TM. Losing the uphill battle? Emergent harm reduction interventions andbarriers during the opioid overdose crisis in Canada. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;71:178–82.\nCATIE. Harm Reduction Satellite Sites Program 2020. (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.catie.ca\u002Fen\u002Fpc\u002Fprogram\u002Fsatellite2021).\nNational Overdose Response Service. National Overdose Response Service (NORS). No Judgement. Just Love. (https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nors.ca\u002F2021).\nBardwell G, Fleming T, McNeil R, Boyd J. Women’s multiple uses of an overdose prevention technology to mitigate risks and harms within a supportive housing environment: a qualitative study. BMC Women’s Health. 2021;21(51):1–9.\nTsang VWL, Papamihali K, Crabtree A, Buxton J. Acceptability of technological solutions for overdose monitoring: Perspectives of people who use drugs. Substance Abuse 2019: 1–11.\nDamon W, Callon C, Wiebe L, Small W, Kerr T, McNeil R. Community-based participatory research in a heavily researched inner city neighbourhood: Perspectives of people who use drugs on their experiences as peer researchers. Soc Sci Med. 2017;176:85–92.\nWest Side Harm Reduction., Peel Drug Users Network. HOW TO REMOTE SPOT SOMEONE WHO USES DRUGS. In: West Side Harm Reduction., Peel Drug Users Network., editors.; 2020.",{"VOID":2146},"10.1186\u002Fs12954-021-00530-3","https:\u002F\u002Fharmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12954-021-00530-3",[2149,2173,2195,2217,2232,2247,2285,2300,2313,2326,2341],{"id":2150,"sortIndex":32,"researcher":28,"roles":2151,"affiliations":2152,"properties":2170,"displayName":2172,"givenName":28,"familyName":28},"14b9235b-189e-497e-bbaf-bf5c9e83eb51",[979],[2153,2161],{"id":2154,"sortIndex":32,"affiliation":2155,"properties":28},"174a7bd3-9d03-4070-8294-ea6c9ee1909e",{"id":2154,"createTime":28,"updateTime":28,"relativeEntities":2156,"slug":28,"properties":2157,"entityType":28,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":28,"verifyNote":28,"languages":28,"translateLanguages":28,"viewCount":28,"url":28,"parentIds":2160,"statistic":28},[],{"title":2158},{"VI":2159},"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, 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drug use has not been well documented in American Indians living in the USA. American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AI\u002FANs) show higher rates of substance use compared to the general population, and have historically been subject to a number of risk factors that are known to increase the likelihood of substance use. AI\u002FANs also experience increased risk for infectious diseases that are transmitted via injection drug use and\u002For sexual activity. Harm reduction approaches have been shown to be effective for decreasing risk of disease transmission in at-risk populations, and may be well suited for AI\u002FAN injection drug users residing in rural reservation communities. In this study, we aimed to examine the characteristics of American Indians (AI) who use injection drugs (PWUID) in northeastern Montana to identify needs that could be addressed with harm reduction programming. For the present study, we used a respondent-driven sampling approach to generate a sample of 51 self-identified male and female injection drug users ≥18 years of age who were American Indians living on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. Sampling weights were applied to all analyses using Respondent-Driven Sampling Analysis Tool (RDSAT). There were no strong recruitment patterns by age, sex, or ethnic identity status of the recruiter or participant, but there were strong within-group recruitment patterns by location within the reservation. The majority of the sample reported initiating substance use before the age of 18. Participants reported significant risk for HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases through their drug use and\u002For risky sexual behavior. Sixty-five percent reported having reused syringes, and 53% reported drawing from the same filter. Seventy-five percent reported inconsistent condom use during the 3 months preceding the survey, and 53% reported injecting drugs during sex during the 3 months preceding the survey. Only 66% of participants reported having been tested for HIV in the 12 months preceding the survey. The vast majority (98%) of respondents expressed interest in a harm reduction program. Seventy-six percent reported that it was easy or very easy to obtain new syringes. We documented several risks for blood-borne pathogens, including elevated levels of syringe reuse. Further, we documented significant interest in harm reduction interventions in the present sample of AI\u002FAN injection drug users. Findings suggest a need for increased access to harm reduction programming for AI\u002FAN injection drug users to reduce the transmission of infectious disease and increase access to compassionate care.",{"EN":2426},"A preliminary needs assessment of American Indians who inject drugs in northeastern Montana",{"VOID":2428},"Wise M, Bialek S, Finelli L, Bell B, Sorvillo F. Changing trends in hepatitis C-related mortality in the United States. Hepatology 1995-2004. 2008;47(4):1128–35.\nHagan H, Pouget E, Des JD. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Prevent Hepatitis C Virus Infection in People Who Inject Drugs. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(1):74–83.\nWodak A, Cooney A. Do Needle Syringe Programs Reduce HIV Infection Among Injecting Drug Users: A Comprehensive Review of the International Evidence. Substance Use & Misuse. 2006;41(6–7):777–813.\nHeimer R. Syringe exchange programs: lowering the transmission of syringe-borne diseases and beyond. Public Health Reports. 1998;113(Suppl 1):67–74.\nBourdieu P. Pascalian Meditations. “Social Being, Time and the Sense of Existence”. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1997. p. 233.\nNational Survey on Drug Use and Health. Substance use and mental health estimates from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Overview of findings. The NSDUH Report; 2014. Retrieved from http:\u002F\u002Fstore.samhsa.gov\u002Fshin\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002FNSDUH14-0904\u002FNSDUH14-0904.pdf. Accessed 24 Mar 2017.\nRumbaugh Whitesell N, Beals J, Big Crow C, Mitchell C, Novins D. Epidemiology and Etiology of Substance Use among American Indians and Alaska Native: Risk, Protection, and Implications for Prevention. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2012 Sep;38(5):376–82.\nBeauvais P. Trends in drug use among American Indian students and dropouts, 1975 to 1994. Am J Public Health. 1996;86(11):1594–8.\nMeth Prevention and Awareness Project of the Fort Peck Tribes. Methamphetamines in Indian Country: An American Problem Uniquely Affecting Indian Country. 2006. Available from: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fortpecktribes.org\u002Ffpmp\u002Fnews\u002Fpdf\u002FMeth_in_Indian_Country_Fact_Sheet.pdf. Accessed 24 Mar 2017.\nNorris T, Vines PL, Hoeffel EM. The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010. 2010 Census Briefs, Issued January 2012. Available from: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.census.gov\u002Fprod\u002Fcen2010\u002Fbriefs\u002Fc2010br-10.pdf. Accessed 24 Mar 2017.\nStrathdee S, Stockman J. Epidemiology of HIV Among Injecting and Non-injecting Drug Users: Current Trends and Implications for Interventions. Curr HIV\u002FAIDS. 2010;7(2):99–106.\nSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. Population Data. Table 1.28B – Illicit Drug Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Percentages, 2014 and 2015. URL: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.samhsa.gov\u002Fdata\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002FNSDUH-DetTabs-2015\u002FNSDUH-DetTabs-2015\u002FNSDUH-DetTabs-2015.htm. Accessed 27 Mar 2017.\nDickerson DL, Fisher DG, Reynolds GL, Baig S, Napper LE, Anglin MD. Substance use patterns among high-risk American Indians\u002FAlaska Native in Los Angeles County. Am J Addict. 2012;21(5):445–52. doi:10.1111\u002Fj.1521-0391.2012.00258.x. Epub 2012 Jul 26.\nSimoni J, Sehgal S, Walters K. Triangle of Risk: Urban American Indian Women’s Sexual Trauma, Injection Drug Use, and HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors. AIDS and Behavior. 2004;1:33–45.\nBrockie TN, Dana-Sacco G, Wallen GR, Wilcox HC, Campbell JC. The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Experiences to PTSD, Depression, Poly-Drug Use and Suicide Attempt in Reservation-Based Native American Adolescents and Young Adults. Am J Community Psychol. 2015;55(3-4):411-21. doi:10.1007\u002Fs10464-015-9721-3.\nSarche M, Spicer P. Poverty and health disparities for American Indian and Alaska Native children. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008;1136:126–36.\nManson SM, Beals J, Klein SA, Croy CD. Social Epidemiology of Trauma Among 2 American Indian Reservation Populations. American Journal of Public Health. 2005;95:851–9. doi:10.2105\u002FAJPH.2004.054171.\nAnastario MP, FourStar K, Rink E. Sexual risk behavior and symptoms of historical loss in American Indian men. J Community Health. 2013;38(5):894–9. doi:10.1007\u002Fs10900-013-9695-8.\nBeauvais F. American Indians and alcohol. Alcohol Health Res World. 1998;22:253–9.\nBureau of Indian Affairs. Who We Are. 2015; Retrieved from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bia.gov\u002FWhoWeAre\u002Findex.htm. Accessed 24 Mar 2017.\nMiller D, eds. History of the Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. Second Edition. Helena: Montana Historical Society Press; 2012.\nMinichiello S. Tester addresses human trafficking in the Bakken. Sidney: Sidney Herald (online version); 2014. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.sidneyherald.com\u002Fnews\u002Ftester-addresses-human-trafficking-in-the-bakken\u002Farticle_95cca70c-3056-11e4-8db2-0019bb2963f4.html.\nRespondent-Driven HDD, Sampling II. Deriving Valid Population Estimates from Chain-Referral Samples of Hidden Populations. Social Problems. 2002;49(1):11–34.\nErickson BH. Some problems of inference from chain data. Sociological Methodology. 1979;10:276–302.\nKuder GF, Richardson MW. The theory of estimation of test reliability. Psychometrika. 1937;2:151–60.\nTwenge J, Sherman R, Wells B. Changes in American Adults’ Sexual Behavior and Attitudes, 1972–2012. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44(8):2273–85.\nVolz E, Wejnert C, Cameron C, et al. Respondent-Driven Sampling Analysis Tool (RDSAT) Version 7.1. Ithaca: Cornell University; 2012.\nHeckathorn DD. Respondent-Driven Sampling: A New Approach to the Study of Hidden Populations. Social Problems. 1997;44(2):174–99.\nSinger M, Himmelgreen Weeks MR, et al. Changing the environment of AIDS risk: Findings on syringe exchange and pharmacy sales of syringes in Hartford, CT. Med Anthropol. 1997;18:107–30.\nBroadhead RS, Hulse van Y, Heckathorn DD. The impact of a needle exchange's closure. Pub Health Rep. 1999;114:439–47.\nSomlai AM, Kelly JA, McAuliffe TL, Ksobiech K, Hackl KL. Predictors of HIV sexual risk behaviors in a community sample of injection drug-using men and women. AIDS Behav. 2003;7(4):383–93.\nRink E, FourStar KT, Anastario MP. 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