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Traditionally, reduced nest predation has been considered the primary benefit underlying evolution of nest structure, whereas thermal benefits have been considered a secondary or even non‐existent factor. Yet, the relative roles of these factors on nest structures remain largely unexplored.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Enclosed nests have a constructed or natural roof connected to sides that allow a restricted opening or tube entrance that provides cover in all directions except the entrance, whereas open nests are cups or platforms that are open above. We show that construction of enclosed nests is more common among songbirds (Passeriformes) in tropical and southern hemisphere regions than in north temperate regions. This geographic pattern may reflect selection from predation risk, under long‐standing assumptions that nest predation rates are higher in southern regions and that enclosed nests reduce predation risk compared with open cup nests. We therefore compared nest predation rates between enclosed vs. open nests in 114 songbird species that do not nest in tree holes among five communities of coexisting birds, and for 205 non‐hole‐nesting species from the literature, across northern temperate, tropical, and southern hemisphere regions.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Among coexisting species, enclosed nests had lower nest predation rates than open nests in two south temperate sites, but not in either of two tropical sites or a north temperate site. Nest predation did not differ between nest types at any latitude based on literature data. Among 319 species from both our field studies and the literature, enclosed nests did not show consistent benefits of reduced predation and, in fact, predation was not consistently higher in the tropics, contrary to long‐standing perspectives.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Thermal benefits of enclosed nests were indicated based on three indirect results. First, species that built enclosed nests were smaller than species using open nests both among coexisting species and among species from the literature. Smaller species lose heat fastest and thereby may gain important thermal benefits from reduced convective cooling. Second, eggs were warmed by parents for less time in species with enclosed nests, as can be expected if egg cooling rates are slower. 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F.(2003)Faisabilité de la mise en place d’un protocole de suivi à long terme des populations de poissons littoraux sub‐tidaux de l’archipel des Sept‐Iles Côtes d’Armor.Ligue Pour le Protection Des OiseauxLN‐0203–06 unpublished report.",{},{"id":24,"text":938,"url":24,"identifiers":939},"10.1086\u002F284969",{"doi":938},{"id":24,"text":941,"url":24,"identifiers":942},"Tokeshi M., 1995, Quantitative analysis of foraging behavior in a field population of the South American sun star Heliaster helianthus, Marine Biology, 122, 297, 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Trends and perspectives using logger technology on penguins, Memoires of the National Institute of Polar Research Tokyo, 58, 34",{},{"id":24,"text":963,"url":24,"identifiers":964},"10.1038\u002Fnature01767",{"doi":963},{"id":966,"createTime":967,"updateTime":967,"relativeEntities":968,"slug":969,"properties":970,"entityType":107,"verifyStatus":108,"verifyTime":981,"verifyNote":110,"languages":982,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":983,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":984,"publicationType":248,"publisherRelationship":1023,"citationCount":1069,"citationInfo":1070,"publishDate":1082,"publishYear":1071,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":1083,"openAccess":24,"references":1084,"isForceReanalyzing":530},"37cba9c6-7538-4afc-ad1d-e2994385eef6","2025-02-10T01:42:32.658+00:00",[],"Advances-in-molecular-ecology-tracking-trophic-links-through-predator-prey-food-webs",{"openalex":971,"mag":973,"abstract":975,"title":977,"doi":979},{"VOID":972},"W2113307097",{"VOID":974},"2113307097",{"EN":976},"\u003Cjats:title>Summary\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>\n\u003Cjats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>It is not always possible to track trophic interactions between predators and prey by direct observation. This is especially true when observing small or elusive animals with cryptic food‐web ecology. Gut and\u002For faecal analysis can sometimes allow prey remains to be identified visually but is only possible when a component of the diet is resistant to digestion. In some cases there are no solid remains, and when there are it can lead to bias in interpretation of prey choice.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Numerous invasive and non‐invasive methods have been developed to characterize predator–prey interactions but two principal areas dominate ‘molecular’ research. These are reviewed under the headings of monoclonal antibodies and DNA‐based techniques.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Early ‘molecular’ studies of predator–prey food webs were dominated by the development of monoclonal antibodies. These methods continue to be used for mass‐screening of field‐collected arthropods for insect‐specific proteins.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>The application of species‐specific primer design, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP), DNA cloning and sequencing, comparative sequence analysis (e.g. BLAST; basic local alignment search tool), high‐resolution gel electrophoresis, Temperature\u002Fdenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE\u002FDGGE) and automated fragment analysis with fluorescent probes is reviewed. The development of molecular techniques for use in predator–prey studies is primarily limited by their cost and the development of new procedures and equipment that complement them.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:list>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":978},"Advances in molecular ecology: tracking trophic links through predator–prey food‐webs",{"VOID":980},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2435.2005.01041.x","2025-02-10T01:42:32.657+00:00",[112],"https:\u002F\u002Fbesjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2435.2005.01041.x",[985,1004],{"id":986,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":987,"affiliations":988,"properties":997},"5542b3db-f780-4729-a69e-ef6d1b87856d",[],[989],{"id":990,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":991,"properties":24},"2640b2f8-9255-489f-94a3-f4402ec80cea",{"id":990,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":992,"slug":24,"properties":993,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":996,"statistic":24},[],{"title":994},{"VI":995},"Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK, ",[],{"orcid":998,"title":1000,"openalex":1002},{"VOID":999},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-6901-3203",{"EN":1001},"Samuel K. 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10.1007\u002Fs00442-007-0804-1",{"doi":1897},"10.1007\u002Fs00442-007-0804-1",{"id":24,"text":1899,"url":24,"identifiers":1900},"Xiong, 2008, Impacts of litter and understory removal on soil properties in a subtropical Acacia mangium plantation in China, Plant and Soil, 304, 179, 10.1007\u002Fs11104-007-9536-6",{"doi":1901},"10.1007\u002Fs11104-007-9536-6",{"id":24,"text":1903,"url":24,"identifiers":1904},"Yarie, 1980, The role of understory vegetation in the nutrient cycle of forested ecosystems in the mountain hemlock biogeoclimatic zone, Ecology, 61, 1498, 10.2307\u002F1939057",{"doi":1905},"10.2307\u002F1939057",{"id":24,"text":1907,"url":24,"identifiers":1908},"Yarwood, 2009, Termination of belowground C allocation by trees alters soil fungal and bacterial communities in a boreal forest, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 70, 151, 10.1111\u002Fj.1574-6941.2009.00733.x",{"doi":1909},"10.1111\u002Fj.1574-6941.2009.00733.x",{"id":24,"text":1911,"url":24,"identifiers":1912},"Zak, 2003, Plant diversity, soil microbial communities, and ecosystem function: Are there any links?, Ecology, 84, 2042, 10.1890\u002F02-0433",{"doi":1913},"10.1890\u002F02-0433",{"id":24,"text":1915,"url":24,"identifiers":1916},"Zeller, 2008, Tree girdling increases soil N mineralization in two spruce stands, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40, 1155, 10.1016\u002Fj.soilbio.2007.12.009",{"doi":1917},"10.1016\u002Fj.soilbio.2007.12.009",{"id":24,"text":1919,"url":24,"identifiers":1920},"Zhang, 2004, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with common pteridophytes in Dujiangyan, southwest China, Mycorrhiza, 14, 25, 10.1007\u002Fs00572-003-0272-3",{"doi":1921},"10.1007\u002Fs00572-003-0272-3",{"id":24,"text":1923,"url":24,"identifiers":1924},"Zhou, 1995, Approach on hydrological process of Acacia Mangium plantation, Acta Ecological Sinica (in Chinese with English abstract), 15, 211",{},{"id":1926,"createTime":1927,"updateTime":1927,"relativeEntities":1928,"slug":1929,"properties":1930,"entityType":107,"verifyStatus":108,"verifyTime":1941,"verifyNote":110,"languages":1942,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1943,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1944,"publicationType":248,"publisherRelationship":2062,"citationCount":2108,"citationInfo":2109,"publishDate":2112,"publishYear":2110,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":2113,"openAccess":24,"references":2114,"isForceReanalyzing":530},"b350c5a8-b6c6-4f94-ac3e-cf4f708aef3d","2025-02-04T05:52:03.452+00:00",[],"Relationships-between-fungal-community-composition-in-decomposing-leaf-litter-and-home-field-advantage-effects",{"openalex":1931,"mag":1933,"abstract":1935,"title":1937,"doi":1939},{"VOID":1932},"W2938664957",{"VOID":1934},"2938664957",{"EN":1936},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>\n\u003Cjats:list>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Increasing evidence suggests that specific interactions between microbial decomposers and plant litter, named home‐field advantage (HFA), influence litter breakdown. However, we still have limited understanding of whether HFA relates to specific microbiota, and whether specialized microbes originate from the soil or from the leaf microbiome. Here, we disentangle the roles of soil origin, litter types and the microbial community already present on the leaf litter in determining fungal community composition on decomposing leaf litter and HFA.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>We collected litters and associated soil samples from a secondary succession gradient ranging from herbaceous vegetation on recently abandoned ex‐arable fields to forest representing the end stage of succession. In a greenhouse, sterilized and unsterilized leaf litters were decomposed for 12 months in soils from early‐ to late‐successional stages according to a full‐factorial design. At the end, we examined fungal community composition on the decomposing litter.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Fungal communities on decomposed late‐successional litter in late‐successional soil differed from those in early‐ and mid‐successional stage litter and soil combinations. Soil source had the strongest impact on litter fungal composition when using sterilized litter, while the impact of litter type was strongest when using unsterilized litter. Overall, we observed HFA, as litter decomposition was accelerated in home soils. Increasing HFA did not relate to the dissimilarity in overall fungal composition, but there was increasing dissimilarity in the relative abundance of the most dominant fungal taxon between decomposing litter in home and away soils.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>We conclude that early‐, mid‐ and late‐succession litter types did not exert strong selection effects on colonization by micro‐organisms from the soil species pool. Instead, fungal community composition on decomposing litter differed substantially between litter types for unsterilized litter, suggesting that the leaf microbiome, either directly or indirectly, is an important determinant of fungal community composition on decomposing leaves. HFA related most strongly to the abundance of the most dominant fungal taxa on the decomposing litter, suggesting that HFA may be attributed to some specific dominant fungi rather than to responses of the whole fungal community.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:list>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>A \u003Cjats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002F1365-2435.13351\u002Fsuppinfo\">plain language summary\u003C\u002Fjats:ext-link> is available for this article.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1938},"Relationships between fungal community composition in decomposing leaf litter and home‐field advantage effects",{"VOID":1940},"10.1111\u002F1365-2435.13351","2025-02-04T05:52:03.451+00:00",[112],"https:\u002F\u002Fbesjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002F1365-2435.13351",[1945,1964,1997,2012,2039],{"id":1946,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1947,"affiliations":1948,"properties":1957},"a1f1fe68-95a5-4f24-be92-d79e130d2bb8",[],[1949],{"id":1950,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":1951,"properties":24},"731767f8-2f58-4674-abe6-45db522d35af",{"id":1950,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":1952,"slug":24,"properties":1953,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":1956,"statistic":24},[],{"title":1954},{"VI":1955},"Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands",[],{"orcid":1958,"title":1960,"openalex":1962},{"VOID":1959},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-7736-9998",{"EN":1961},"G. 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A., 2002, Communities and ecosystems: Linking the aboveground and belowground components",{},{"id":24,"text":1889,"url":24,"identifiers":2299},{"doi":1889},{"id":24,"text":2301,"url":24,"identifiers":2302},"10.1111\u002Fnph.14007",{"doi":2301},{"id":24,"text":2304,"url":24,"identifiers":2305},"10.1038\u002Fs41598-017-05260-w",{"doi":2304},{"id":24,"text":2307,"url":24,"identifiers":2308},"10.1111\u002Fjvs.12333",{"doi":2307},{"id":2310,"createTime":2311,"updateTime":2311,"relativeEntities":2312,"slug":2313,"properties":2314,"entityType":107,"verifyStatus":108,"verifyTime":2325,"verifyNote":110,"languages":2326,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":2327,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":2328,"publicationType":248,"publisherRelationship":2390,"citationCount":2436,"citationInfo":2437,"publishDate":2444,"publishYear":2438,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":2445,"openAccess":24,"references":2446,"isForceReanalyzing":530},"90a7abc0-0c9a-4819-9025-7596b64caace","2025-02-04T05:51:58.814+00:00",[],"The-role-of-locally-adapted-mycorrhizas-and-rhizobacteria-in-plant-soil-feedback-systems",{"openalex":2315,"mag":2317,"abstract":2319,"title":2321,"doi":2323},{"VOID":2316},"W2334302577",{"VOID":2318},"2334302577",{"EN":2320},"\u003Cjats:title>Summary\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>\n\u003Cjats:list>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>The plant–soil feedback (\u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSF\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>) framework has become an important theory in plant ecology, yet many ecological and evolutionary factors that influence \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSF\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>s have yet to be fully considered. Here, we discuss the importance of local adaptation among plants and root‐associated fungi and bacteria. Furthermore, we show how inclusion of the optimal resource allocation (\u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>) model can help predict the direction and outcome of \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSF\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>s under environmental change.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Plants and associated soil microbes have co‐evolved for millennia, generating adaptations to each other and to their local environment. This local co‐adaptation is likely generated by a suite of multidirectional exchanges of goods and services among plants, fungi and bacteria, and the constant changes in above‐ground–below‐ground interactions.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Resource limitation may be a driver of local adaptation among organisms involved in nutritional symbioses. The \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content> model states that when an essential resource is limited, natural selection will favour taxa that forage optimally by adjusting their biomass and energy allocation such that productivity is equally limited by all resources. Co‐adaptation will therefore respond to the local limiting resource conditions through taxa‐specific resource transfer interactions.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>The \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content> model can help predict the outcomes of \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSF\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>s across a range of resource gradients and environmental changes such as increasing drought or atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Positive feedback is predicted in systems where resource exchange among plants and associated soil microbes can ameliorate resource limitation, or in systems where microbes provide another important service such as pathogen defence. Feedback strength is expected to diminish as resources become less limiting. Negative feedback is predicted when resources are in luxury supply and populations of opportunistic plant pathogens increase relative to commensal or mutualist microbes.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>Future, field‐based studies that integrate naturally co‐occurring systems of plants, microbes and their local soil are needed to further test the hypothesis that resource availability is an effective predictor of the direction and magnitude of \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSF\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>s. 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Allen M.R. Barros V.R. Broome J. Cramer W. Christ R.et al. (2014)Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. 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Rat",{},{"id":24,"text":3213,"url":24,"identifiers":3214},"10.1016\u002FS0003-9969(98)00071-5",{"doi":3213},{"id":24,"text":3216,"url":24,"identifiers":3217},"10.1093\u002Fejo\u002F21.2.137",{"doi":3216},{"id":24,"text":3219,"url":24,"identifiers":3220},"10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2435.2002.00696.x",{"doi":3219},{"id":24,"text":3222,"url":24,"identifiers":3223},"10.1139\u002Fz85-148",{"doi":3222},{"id":24,"text":3225,"url":24,"identifiers":3226},"Whiting M.J., 2003, Lizard Social Behavior, 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list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>An unresolved issue in sexual selection concerns the utility of multiple sexual signals that are used simultaneously during displays. We examined male lizards (\u003Cjats:italic>Urosaurus ornatus\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>) that exhibit two colourful ornaments (throat patch and belly patch) during territorial displays. Populations of \u003Cjats:italic>Urosaurus ornatus\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> can be polymorphic in throat coloration, and previous studies have shown that the morphs differ in behavioural aggression. We assume that throat coloration correlates with behavioural aggression in our population, as for other populations of \u003Cjats:italic>U. ornatus\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>We show that these different morphs do not differ significantly in morphological shape or bite force, a key aspect of fighting capacity. However, by contrast, the size of the belly patch is a significant predictor of maximum bite force, which is a predictor of dominance in other lizards.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\u003Cjats:list-item>\u003Cjats:p>We suggest that belly patch size and throat patch coloration are largely exclusive in that dominant individuals can exhibit small belly patches and low bite forces, whereas subordinate individuals can have large belly patches and high bite forces. Thus, embedded within the same male lizard display are divergent sexual structures that signal different traits, implying that the possession of multiple sexual signals within animals may be favoured by selection.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:list-item>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:list>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":3243},"Divergent roles for multiple sexual signals in a polygynous lizard",{"VOID":3245},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2435.2006.01152.x",[112],"https:\u002F\u002Fbesjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2435.2006.01152.x",[3249,3266,3283,3298],{"id":3250,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":3251,"affiliations":3252,"properties":3261},"d7ec1899-646c-411f-9bbf-eeefd52c4514",[],[3253],{"id":3254,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":3255,"properties":24},"a064592e-6db3-4e96-963f-361304cf3297",{"id":3254,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":3256,"slug":24,"properties":3257,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":3260,"statistic":24},[],{"title":3258},{"EN":3259},"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA, and",[],{"title":3262,"openalex":3264},{"EN":3263},"Jay J. Meyers",{"VOID":3265},"A5113696433",{"id":3267,"sortIndex":138,"researcher":24,"roles":3268,"affiliations":3269,"properties":3276},"e51297d4-111c-400c-861e-0093ca5d2a0a",[],[3270],{"id":3254,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":3271,"properties":24},{"id":3254,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":3272,"slug":24,"properties":3273,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":3275,"statistic":24},[],{"title":3274},{"EN":3259},[],{"orcid":3277,"title":3279,"openalex":3281},{"VOID":3278},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-3433-6576",{"EN":3280},"Duncan J. 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Belgium",[],{"title":3296,"openalex":3297},{"EN":2956},{"VOID":2958},{"id":3299,"sortIndex":180,"researcher":24,"roles":3300,"affiliations":3301,"properties":3308},"0f6a9f41-1519-40b4-828a-4e7bbbef5837",[],[3302],{"id":3288,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":3303,"properties":24},{"id":3288,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":3304,"slug":24,"properties":3305,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":3307,"statistic":24},[],{"title":3306},{"EN":3293},[],{"orcid":3309,"title":3311,"openalex":3313},{"VOID":3310},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-0991-4434",{"EN":3312},"Anthony 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\u003Cjats:bold>1.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Recently, fresh attempts have been made to understand the mechanisms structuring species–body size distributions. Of these, the model developed by Brown, Marquet & Taper (1993) (BMT), which uses measures of resource acquisition and conversion to determine an optimal body size (\u003Cjats:italic>M\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*) for a given assemblage, is potentially the most significant. Here, we examine the novelty of the model and some of its assumptions, and test its empirical predictions.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p> \u003Cjats:bold>2.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> The BMT model is one of a suite of physiological\u002Flife‐history models examining size at maturity. Such energetic or ‘physical’ approaches to body size evolution have a considerable modern history and continue to enjoy attention in physiological ecology and life‐history theory.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p> \u003Cjats:bold>3.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Although mortality significantly influences life‐history evolution and mostly precludes the evolution of a body size that maximizes reproductive power output, it is excluded from the BMT model. Likewise, the model assumes that power and not efficiency is maximized, although there are conditions where this is not likely to be the case. Furthermore, the BMT model assumes that resource acquisition and conversion are physiologically limited, although the importance of physiological limitation in ecology remains unclear.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p> \u003Cjats:bold>4.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Additional assumptions of the model include coincidence of the optimum body size of an individual and a species, when in many species this is not the case, and coincidence of the most speciose size class in an assemblage and the optimal body size. Similarly, the probable influence of differences in the scaling of various parameters at the intra‐ and interspecific levels are not addressed, nor are the impacts of discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic optima.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p> \u003Cjats:bold>5.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> The measures of resource acquisition and conversion used in the BMT model are not only problematic, but also limit the utility of the model. If the scaling constants and exponents of field metabolic rate minus basal metabolic are used as a measure of resource acquisition beyond maintenance needs, and those for intrinsic rate of increase (\u003Cjats:italic>r\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003Cjats:sub>max\u003C\u002Fjats:sub>) as a measure of resource conversion, the applicability of the model to other taxa can be extended.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p> \u003Cjats:bold>6.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Using these measures we show that the model continues to provide a reasonable prediction of \u003Cjats:italic>M\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>* for the terrestrial mammal assemblages of both North America and Australia. However, when taxonomic inclusiveness is reduced by removing eutherians from the Australian data set and by examining the predictions of the model with regard to diprotodonts only, the model fails to provide reasonable predictions of \u003Cjats:italic>M\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>*.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p> \u003Cjats:bold>7.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Given problems with the BMT model, but its clear ability to predict the modal body size of at least two terrestrial mammal assemblages, we suggest that there is considerable scope for exploring the relationships between resource acquisition and conversion at the level of the individual and energy partitioning between individuals in multispecies communities.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":3482},"The species–body size distribution: energy, fitness and optimality",{"VOID":3484},"10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2435.1997.00096.x",[112],"https:\u002F\u002Fbesjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1046\u002Fj.1365-2435.1997.00096.x",[3488,3507],{"id":3489,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":3490,"affiliations":3491,"properties":3500},"b9ba07aa-f9fb-4a1f-b424-334a41c934ae",[],[3492],{"id":3493,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":3494,"properties":24},"b6a53c0f-cfeb-434d-a18c-7e0a36607868",{"id":3493,"createTime":24,"updateTime":24,"relativeEntities":3495,"slug":24,"properties":3496,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":24,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":24,"url":24,"parentIds":3499,"statistic":24},[],{"title":3497},{"EN":3498},"Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, Republic of South Africa and ,",[],{"orcid":3501,"title":3503,"openalex":3505},{"VOID":3502},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-6069-5105",{"EN":3504},"Steven L. 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