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Drawing on the general country‐of‐origin (COO) literature and recent developments in brand‐origin studies and the emerging market phenomenon globally, it proposes and test a model of the asymmetric effects of BOC on consumer preference and the purchase of local versus foreign brands in China. This study intends to help to explain from a new angle the decreasing competitiveness of foreign brands in emerging markets, such as China.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\u002Fmethodology\u002Fapproach\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The study pretest on nationally distributed brands across seven product categories resulted in a final set of 67 brands: 35 foreign and 32 local. Four hundred respondents evaluated measures related to brand origin, brand awareness, brand value, brand preference, and brand purchases in the previous six months. Hierarchical regression analysis was used in data analysis.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The hypotheses on the asymmetric effects of BOC between local and foreign brands in China were mostly supported. Specifically, the results showed that local brands are likely to be in an advantageous position when there is a high level of BOC. However, as the brand knowledge of consumers increases, the effects of BOC decrease.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\u002Fvalue\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>This study provides evidence of the asymmetric effects of BOC between local and foreign brands and the moderating role of brand knowledge for local brands in China. 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(2007), “Confidence in brand origin and its strategic implications: evidence from a developing market”, 2007 Administrative Sciences Association of Canada (ASAC) Annual Conference, June 2‐5, 2007, Ottawa, Canada.",{},{"id":17,"text":380,"url":17,"identifiers":381},"Zhou, N. and Belk, R.W. (2004), “Chinese consumer readings of global and local advertising appeals”, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 63‐76.",{"doi":382},"10.1080\u002F00913367.2004.10639169",{"id":17,"text":384,"url":17,"identifiers":385},"Zhou, N. and Meng, L. (1998), “Marketing in an emerging consumer society: character images in China's consumer magazine advertising”, in Strange, R. (Ed.), Management in China: The Experience of Foreign Business, Frank Cass, London, pp. 105‐17.",{"doi":386},"10.1080\u002F13602389700000006",{"id":17,"text":388,"url":17,"identifiers":389},"Zhuang, G., Zhou, N. and Zhou, L. (2006), “National brand consciousness, brand characteristics, indigenous brand preference: an empirical study of consumer goods in multiple industries”, Management World, pp. 85‐94, No. 7.",{},{"id":17,"text":391,"url":17,"identifiers":392},"Batra, R. (1997), “Executive insights: marketing issues and challenges in transitional economies”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 32 No. 2, pp. 95‐114.",{"doi":393},"10.1177\u002F1069031X9700500407",{"id":17,"text":395,"url":17,"identifiers":396},"Essoussi, L.H. and Merunka, D. (2007), “Consumers' product evaluations in emerging markets”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 409‐26.",{"doi":397},"10.1108\u002F02651330710760991",{"id":17,"text":399,"url":17,"identifiers":400},"Hui, M.K. and Zhou, L. (2003), “Country‐of‐manufacture effect for known brands”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 37 Nos 1\u002F2, pp. 133‐53.",{"doi":401},"10.1108\u002F03090560310458664",{"id":17,"text":403,"url":17,"identifiers":404},"Jin, Z., Chansarkar, B. and Kondap, N.M. (2006), “Brand origin in an emerging market: perceptions of Indian consumers”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 283‐302.",{"doi":405},"10.1108\u002F13555850610703254",{"id":17,"text":407,"url":17,"identifiers":408},"O'Shaughnessy, J. and O'Shaughnessy, N.J. (2000), “Treating the nation as a brand: some neglected issues”, Journal of Macromarketing, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 56‐64.",{"doi":409},"10.1177\u002F0276146700201006",{"id":17,"text":411,"url":17,"identifiers":412},"Readon, J., Miller, C., Vida, I. and Kim, I. (2005), “The effects of ethnocentrism and economic development on the formation of brand and ad attitudes in transitional economies”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 39 Nos 7\u002F8, pp. 737‐54.",{"doi":413},"10.1108\u002F03090560510601743",{"id":17,"text":415,"url":17,"identifiers":416},"Roger, M. (1984), “Conspicuous consumption: a literature review”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 26‐39.",{"doi":417},"10.1108\u002FEUM0000000004779",{"id":17,"text":419,"url":17,"identifiers":420},"Tse, D.K. and Gorn, G.J. (1993), “An experiment on the salience of country‐of‐origin in the era of global brands”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 57‐76.",{"doi":421},"10.1177\u002F1069031X9300100105",{"id":17,"text":423,"url":17,"identifiers":424},"Wang, H. (2003), “Consumer ethnocentrism: an empirical test in China and its marketing managerial implications”, Nankai Business Review, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 31‐4.",{},{"id":17,"text":426,"url":17,"identifiers":427},"Wu, J. and Delong, M. (2006), “Chinese perceptions of western‐branded denim jeans: a Shanghai case study”, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 238‐50.",{"doi":428},"10.1108\u002F13612020610667531",false,{"id":431,"createTime":432,"updateTime":433,"relativeEntities":434,"slug":435,"properties":436,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":433,"verifyNote":444,"syncStatus":16,"languages":445,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18,"primaryUrl":446,"fullTextUrl":17,"authors":447,"publicationType":206,"publisherRelationship":507,"citationCount":17,"citationInfo":17,"publishDate":542,"publishYear":543,"citationAnalyzeStatus":16,"lastCitationAnalyze":17,"indexDatabases":17,"openAccess":17,"references":544,"isForceReanalyzing":429},"c1e31331-60e6-487c-8140-dcc0c1f93494","2024-04-19T04:31:05.607+00:00","2024-06-26T23:36:14.778+00:00",[],"Personal-uses-and-perceived-social-and-economic-effects-of-advertising-in-Bulgaria-and-Romania",{"keywords":437,"abstract":438,"title":440,"doi":442},{},{"EN":439},"\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The objective of this paper is to uncover the underlying dimensions of, and examine the similarities and differences in, personal uses of advertising, perceived socio‐economic effects of advertising, and consumer beliefs and attitudes toward advertising in Bulgaria and Romania. Moreover, it aims to identify the relative importance of the predictors of attitudes toward advertising in the two countries.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\u002Fmethodology\u002Fapproach\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The paper draws upon findings of previous research and theoretical developments by Bauer and Greyser, Sandage and Leckenby, and Pollay and Mittal. The study uses a stratified random sample of 947 face‐to‐face interviews with adult respondents from major urban areas in Bulgaria (507) and Romania (440). Variables are measured on multi‐item scales as a typical application of the reflective indicator model.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Results show that there are significant differences between Romanian and Bulgarian respondents in terms of their attitudes toward advertising. Romanians are more positive about advertising as an institution than the instruments of advertising. Romanians seem to accept the role of advertising in a free market economy, but have less confidence in advertising claims and techniques. Bulgarian respondents seem more sceptical toward advertising in general and are less enthusiastic about embracing the role of advertising as an institution. Moreover, Bulgarians are highly negative towards the instruments advertising uses to convey its messages to consumers.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\u002Fimplications\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The research findings reflect the views of urban dwellers and may not be generalisable to the wider population of the two countries. Interviewer bias was reduced by eliminating verbal or non‐verbal cues to the respondents, and by the use of stratified random sampling.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The paper suggests that the regulatory role of codes of advertising practice and industry regulating bodies should be enhanced, and their ability to protect consumers enforced. Marketing campaigns should be more inclusive to involve diverse social groups and reflect generally‐accepted social norms.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\u002Fvalue\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>This study reveals that, while general attitudes toward advertising may be similar, attitudes toward the institution and instruments of advertising may differ even in countries with geographic proximity and low cultural distance.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":441},"Personal uses and perceived social and economic effects of advertising in Bulgaria and Romania",{"VOID":443},"10.1108\u002F02651330710827988","Author affiliation is 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(1997), “Methodological issues in empirical cross‐cultural research: a survey of the management literature and a framework”, Management International Review, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 71‐96.",{},{"id":17,"text":601,"url":17,"identifiers":602},"cee‐foodindustry.com (2005), “Supermarkets set to sweep Eastern Europe”, available at: cee‐foodindustry.com (accessed on 19 September).",{},{"id":17,"text":604,"url":17,"identifiers":605},"Cheng, H. and Schweitzer, J. (1996), “Cultural values reflected in Chinese and US television commercials”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 36 No. 3, pp. 27‐45.",{},{"id":17,"text":607,"url":17,"identifiers":608},"Churchill, G. (1979), “A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 64‐73.",{"doi":609},"10.1177\u002F002224377901600110",{"id":17,"text":611,"url":17,"identifiers":612},"Coulter, R., Price, L. and Feick, L. 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(1986), Marketing and Economic Development, Praeger Publications, New York, NY.",{},{"id":17,"text":690,"url":17,"identifiers":691},"Kolman, L., Noorderhaven, N., Hofstede, G. and Dienes, E. (2003), “Cross‐cultural differences in Central Europe”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 76‐88.",{"doi":692},"10.1108\u002F02683940310459600",{"id":17,"text":694,"url":17,"identifiers":695},"Koudelova, R. and Whitelock, J. (2001), “A cross‐cultural analysis of television advertising in the UK and Czech Republic”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 286‐300.",{"doi":696},"10.1108\u002F02651330110695611",{"id":17,"text":698,"url":17,"identifiers":699},"Lascu, D., Manrai, L. and Manrai, A. (1993), “Marketing in Romania: the challenges of transition from centrally planned economy to consumer oriented economy”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 27 Nos 11\u002F12, pp. 102‐20.",{"doi":700},"10.1108\u002FEUM0000000000657",{"id":17,"text":702,"url":17,"identifiers":703},"Leiss, W., Kline, S., Jhally, S. and Botterill, J. (2005), Social Communication in Advertising, 3d ed., Routledge, London.",{},{"id":17,"text":705,"url":17,"identifiers":706},"Lepkowska‐White, E., Brashear, T. and Weinberger, M. (2003), “A test of ad appeal effectiveness in Poland and the United States”, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 32 No. 3, pp. 57‐67.",{"doi":707},"10.1080\u002F00913367.2003.10639136",{"id":17,"text":709,"url":17,"identifiers":710},"Levinson, A. and Levada, Y. (1997), The Case of Russia. 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(2001), “Marketing implications of communist ideological legacy in culture in the context of Central and Eastern Europe: a comparison of Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine”, Journal of Euromarketing, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 7‐36.",{"doi":733},"10.1300\u002FJ037v11n01_02",{"id":17,"text":735,"url":17,"identifiers":736},"Mehta, A. (2000), “Advertising attitudes and advertising effectiveness”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 67‐72.",{"doi":737},"10.2501\u002FJAR-40-3-67-72",{"id":17,"text":739,"url":17,"identifiers":740},"Mittal, B. (1994), “Public assessment of TV advertising: faint praise or harsh criticism”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 35‐53.",{},{"id":17,"text":742,"url":17,"identifiers":743},"Multichannel News International (2002), “European databank”, Multichannel News International, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 55‐8.",{},{"id":17,"text":745,"url":17,"identifiers":746},"Myers, M., Calantone, R., Page, T. Jr and Taylor, C. 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(1991), “Social comparison and the idealized images of advertising”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 71‐83.",{"doi":776},"10.1086\u002F209242",{"id":17,"text":778,"url":17,"identifiers":779},"Sandage, C. and Leckenby, J. (1980), “Student attitudes toward advertising: institution vs instruments”, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 29‐32.",{"doi":780},"10.1080\u002F00913367.1980.10673316",{"id":17,"text":782,"url":17,"identifiers":783},"Shavitt, S., Lowery, P. and Haefner, J. (1998), “Public attitudes toward advertising: more favourable than you might think”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 38 No. 4, pp. 7‐22.",{},{"id":17,"text":785,"url":17,"identifiers":786},"Sofia Echo (2005), “Bulgarians among the most pessimistic Europeans”, available at: www.sofiaecho.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbulgarians‐among‐the‐most‐pessimistic‐europeans\u002Fid_12299\u002Fcatid_38 (accessed 16 September 2005).",{},{"id":17,"text":788,"url":17,"identifiers":789},"Steenkamp, J‐B. and Baumgartner, H. (1998), “Assessing Measurement Invariance in Cross‐National Consumer Research”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 25, June, pp. 78‐90.",{"doi":790},"10.1086\u002F209528",{"id":17,"text":792,"url":17,"identifiers":793},"Stoica, G. (2004), “The Romanian audio visual environment: between sensationalism and the standards of EU integration”, Forum AudioVisual, p. 8.",{},{"id":17,"text":795,"url":17,"identifiers":796},"Taylor, C. and Okazaki, S. (2006), “Who standardizes advertising more frequently, and why do they do so? A comparison of US and Japanese subsidiaries' advertising practices in the European Union”, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 98‐120.",{"doi":797},"10.1509\u002Fjimk.14.1.98",{"id":17,"text":799,"url":17,"identifiers":800},"Taylor, C., Bonner, P. and Dolezal, M. (2002), “Advertising in the Czech Republic: Czech perceptions of effective advertising and advertising clutter”, New Directions in International Advertising Research, Vol. 12, pp. 137‐49.",{"doi":801},"10.1016\u002FS1474-7979(02)12024-2",{"id":17,"text":803,"url":17,"identifiers":804},"Trompenaars, F. and Hampden‐Turner, C. (1997), Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business, 2nd ed., McGraw Hill, New York, NY.",{},{"id":17,"text":806,"url":17,"identifiers":807},"van Herpen, E., Pieters, R., Fidrmucova, J. and Roosenboom, P. (2000), “The information content of magazine advertising in market and transition economies”, Journal of Consumer Policy, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 257‐83.",{"doi":808},"10.1023\u002FA:1007138219753",{"id":17,"text":810,"url":17,"identifiers":811},"vonDorn, J. and Akimova, I. (1998), “Advertising in Ukraine: cultural perspective”, International Journal of Advertising, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 189‐211.",{"doi":812},"10.1080\u002F02650487.1998.11104715",{"id":17,"text":814,"url":17,"identifiers":815},"Wade, C. and Tavris, C. (1996), Psychology, 4th ed., Harper and Collins College Publishers, New York, NY.",{},{"id":17,"text":817,"url":17,"identifiers":818},"Wells, L. (1994), “Western concepts, Russian perspectives: meaning of advertising in the former Soviet Union”, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 84‐94.",{"doi":819},"10.1080\u002F00913367.1994.10673433",{"id":17,"text":821,"url":17,"identifiers":822},"Wells, L. 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Previous\nstudies of import purchasing have focused primarily on foreign buyers′\nperceptions of exporting countries′ products and associated marketing\nmix components. Examines the relative importance of these product offer\nvariables in conjunction with a set of non‐marketing‐mix‐related\nexporter characteristic variables in import purchasing decisions. An\nexamination of the perceptions and purchasing activities of 190 members\nof the Korean Foreign Trade Association demonstrated the importance of\nexporter characteristic variables in explaining import purchasing\ndecisions. US exporters′ weaknesses in cultural awareness, negotiation\nstyle and reputation, indicate possible directions for efforts in\nimproving marketing relationships.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":844},"Korean Importer Perceptions of US and Japanese Industrial\nGoods Exporters",{"VOID":846},"10.1108\u002F02651339210012456",[137],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.emerald.com\u002Finsight\u002Fcontent\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1108\u002F02651339210012456\u002Ffull\u002Fhtml",[850,857],{"id":851,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":17,"roles":852,"affiliations":853,"properties":854},"caac3c66-99b3-4037-8e55-766efdbc613f",[],[],{"title":855},{"EN":856},"Kae H.Chung",{"id":858,"sortIndex":18,"researcher":17,"roles":859,"affiliations":860,"properties":861},"fdc1efad-0031-463d-9dcc-079e6b481378",[],[],{"title":862},{"EN":863},"Frederic B.Kraft",{"url":17,"publisher":865,"properties":892},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":866,"slug":10,"properties":867,"entityType":15,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18,"subjectFields":870,"manageAffiliations":871,"indexDatabases":872,"url":17,"thumbnailPath":17,"statistic":887,"gsStatistic":17,"type":17,"analyzePriority":17},[],{"issn":868,"title":869},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[873,880],{"id":80,"indexDatabase":874,"url":95,"indexYears":17,"academicFieldIds":879,"indexDatabaseRanking":17},{"id":82,"createTime":83,"updateTime":84,"relativeEntities":875,"label":876,"description":877,"key":91,"publicationTags":878,"standard":17},[],{"EN":87,"VI":87},{"VI":89,"EN":90},[93,94],[97],{"id":59,"indexDatabase":881,"url":72,"indexYears":73,"academicFieldIds":886,"indexDatabaseRanking":78},{"id":61,"createTime":62,"updateTime":63,"relativeEntities":882,"label":883,"description":884,"key":69,"publicationTags":885,"standard":17},[],{"EN":66,"VI":66},{"EN":66,"VI":68},[71],[75,76,77],{"impactFactor":18,"impactFactorByYear":888,"i10Index":102,"i10IndexLast5Year":18,"totalPublication":103,"totalPublicationByYear":889,"totalCitation":111,"totalCitationByYear":890,"totalCitationPerPublication":113,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":891,"hindexLast5Year":102,"hindex":102},{"2015":100,"2016":101},{"1983":105,"1984":55,"1985":101,"1986":105,"1987":55,"1988":106,"1990":107,"1991":106,"1992":107,"1993":106,"1994":107,"1995":101,"1996":107,"1997":105,"1998":107,"1999":108,"2000":102,"2001":106,"2002":55,"2003":55,"2004":107,"2005":109,"2006":110,"2007":110,"2008":109,"2009":108,"2010":109,"2011":106,"2012":105,"2013":107,"2014":102},{"2014":111},{"2014":111},{"volume":893,"issue":895},{"VOID":894},"9",{"VOID":896},"2","1992-02-01",1992,[900,903,905,908,911,914,917,920,923,926,929,932,935,937,940,943,946,949,952,955,958,961,964,967,970,973,976,979,982,985,988,991,994,997],{"id":17,"text":901,"url":17,"identifiers":902},"Assael H., 1987, Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action, 3",{},{"id":17,"text":257,"url":17,"identifiers":904},{"doi":257},{"id":17,"text":906,"url":17,"identifiers":907},"Cateora P.R., 1990, International Marketing",{},{"id":17,"text":909,"url":17,"identifiers":910},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4684-2262-7",{"doi":909},{"id":17,"text":912,"url":17,"identifiers":913},"10.1057\u002Fpalgrave.jibs.8490564",{"doi":912},{"id":17,"text":915,"url":17,"identifiers":916},"Cavusgil S.T., 1987, Industrial Marketing and Purchasing, 2, 19",{},{"id":17,"text":918,"url":17,"identifiers":919},"Chasin J.B., 1979, Columbia Journal of World Business, 14, 74",{},{"id":17,"text":921,"url":17,"identifiers":922},"10.1016\u002F0019-8501(81)90032-8",{"doi":921},{"id":17,"text":924,"url":17,"identifiers":925},"10.2307\u002F1251760",{"doi":924},{"id":17,"text":927,"url":17,"identifiers":928},"Davis I., 1989, Business America, 110, 2",{},{"id":17,"text":930,"url":17,"identifiers":931},"10.1007\u002FBF02725226",{"doi":930},{"id":17,"text":933,"url":17,"identifiers":934},"10.2307\u002F3150657",{"doi":933},{"id":17,"text":284,"url":17,"identifiers":936},{"doi":284},{"id":17,"text":938,"url":17,"identifiers":939},"Harris P.R., 1979, Managing Cultural Differences",{},{"id":17,"text":941,"url":17,"identifiers":942},"10.1108\u002FEUM0000000001530",{"doi":941},{"id":17,"text":944,"url":17,"identifiers":945},"Howard D.G., 1987, Industrial Marketing and Purchasing, 23, 54",{},{"id":17,"text":947,"url":17,"identifiers":948},"10.1108\u002FEUM0000000001502",{"doi":947},{"id":17,"text":950,"url":17,"identifiers":951},"10.2307\u002F3151584",{"doi":950},{"id":17,"text":953,"url":17,"identifiers":954},"10.1108\u002Feb008291",{"doi":953},{"id":17,"text":956,"url":17,"identifiers":957},"Khanna S.R., 1986, Columbia Journal of World Business, 21, 29",{},{"id":17,"text":959,"url":17,"identifiers":960},"Kotkin J., 1984, Inc. 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The attributes comprising this contract are: access to advertisements, placement of advertisements, message, influence on fee, and information collection. Examines empirically the tradeoffs consumers make among the attributes in the social contract using an online survey analysed through conjoint analysis. The findings indicate that consumer attitudes towards Internet advertising differ from many predictions about this new media.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1011},"Consumer attitudes towards Internet advertising",{"VOID":1013},"10.1108\u002F02651339710184316",[137],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.emerald.com\u002Finsight\u002Fcontent\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1108\u002F02651339710184316\u002Ffull\u002Fhtml",[1017,1035],{"id":1018,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":17,"roles":1019,"affiliations":1020,"properties":1032},"f8065ffe-1afc-44cd-a5be-820488f07a5f",[],[1021],{"id":1022,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":1023,"properties":17},"7d9b8972-c937-4cf0-95b4-b28bc9d3db1e",{"id":1024,"createTime":1025,"updateTime":1026,"relativeEntities":1027,"slug":1028,"properties":1029,"entityType":54,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18},"9a9132e2-663d-4a2b-b00e-030f93061ee5","2024-04-20T20:09:58.922+00:00","2025-02-24T02:42:46.565+00:00",[],"University-of-Canterbury-Christchurch-New-Zealand",{"title":1030},{"EN":1031},"University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand",{"title":1033},{"EN":1034},"KathrynDe Lima‐Turner",{"id":1036,"sortIndex":18,"researcher":17,"roles":1037,"affiliations":1038,"properties":1045},"c6014519-1479-400f-965f-88fb0d147174",[],[1039],{"id":1040,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":1041,"properties":17},"6d60b8f2-a789-4ace-90f2-d0ca05719447",{"id":1024,"createTime":1025,"updateTime":1026,"relativeEntities":1042,"slug":1028,"properties":1043,"entityType":54,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18},[],{"title":1044},{"EN":1031},{"title":1046},{"EN":1047},"MaryEllen Gordon",{"url":17,"publisher":1049,"properties":1076},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1050,"slug":10,"properties":1051,"entityType":15,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18,"subjectFields":1054,"manageAffiliations":1055,"indexDatabases":1056,"url":17,"thumbnailPath":17,"statistic":1071,"gsStatistic":17,"type":17,"analyzePriority":17},[],{"issn":1052,"title":1053},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[1057,1064],{"id":80,"indexDatabase":1058,"url":95,"indexYears":17,"academicFieldIds":1063,"indexDatabaseRanking":17},{"id":82,"createTime":83,"updateTime":84,"relativeEntities":1059,"label":1060,"description":1061,"key":91,"publicationTags":1062,"standard":17},[],{"EN":87,"VI":87},{"VI":89,"EN":90},[93,94],[97],{"id":59,"indexDatabase":1065,"url":72,"indexYears":73,"academicFieldIds":1070,"indexDatabaseRanking":78},{"id":61,"createTime":62,"updateTime":63,"relativeEntities":1066,"label":1067,"description":1068,"key":69,"publicationTags":1069,"standard":17},[],{"EN":66,"VI":66},{"EN":66,"VI":68},[71],[75,76,77],{"impactFactor":18,"impactFactorByYear":1072,"i10Index":102,"i10IndexLast5Year":18,"totalPublication":103,"totalPublicationByYear":1073,"totalCitation":111,"totalCitationByYear":1074,"totalCitationPerPublication":113,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1075,"hindexLast5Year":102,"hindex":102},{"2015":100,"2016":101},{"1983":105,"1984":55,"1985":101,"1986":105,"1987":55,"1988":106,"1990":107,"1991":106,"1992":107,"1993":106,"1994":107,"1995":101,"1996":107,"1997":105,"1998":107,"1999":108,"2000":102,"2001":106,"2002":55,"2003":55,"2004":107,"2005":109,"2006":110,"2007":110,"2008":109,"2009":108,"2010":109,"2011":106,"2012":105,"2013":107,"2014":102},{"2014":111},{"2014":111},{"volume":1077,"pages":1079,"issue":1081},{"VOID":1078},"14",{"VOID":1080},"362-375",{"VOID":541},"1997-10-01",1997,[1085,1088,1091,1094,1097,1100,1103,1106,1109,1112,1115,1118,1121,1124,1127,1130,1134,1138,1141,1144,1147,1150,1153,1156,1160,1163,1166,1169,1172,1175,1178,1181],{"id":17,"text":1086,"url":17,"identifiers":1087},"Bennett, M. 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(1993, “Direct mail privacy‐efficiency trade‐offs within an implied social contract framework”, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, Vol. 12 No. 2, Fall, pp. 206‐15.",{"doi":1137},"10.1177\u002F074391569101200206",{"id":17,"text":1139,"url":17,"identifiers":1140},"Mohan, S. (1995, “‘Free mail’ on the ’Net forces users to tradeoff privacy”, Computerworld, 27 November, p. 6.",{},{"id":17,"text":1142,"url":17,"identifiers":1143},"Nutting, R. (1997, “Online commerce depends on privacy guarantees, FTC says”, TechWire, 1 July, CMP Media.",{},{"id":17,"text":1145,"url":17,"identifiers":1146},"Peppers, D. and Rogers, M. (1996 “One‐to‐one media in the interactive future”, in Forrest, E.,and Mizerski, R. 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(Eds), The Location of Foreign Direct Investment, Avebury, London.",{},{"id":17,"text":1307,"url":17,"identifiers":1308},"Berthon, P., Leyland, P. and Watson, R.T. (1996), “Marketing communication and the world wide web”, Business Horizon, September\u002FOctober, pp. 24‐32.",{"doi":1309},"10.1016\u002FS0007-6813(96)90063-4",{"id":17,"text":1311,"url":17,"identifiers":1312},"Boeker, W. (1997), “Strategic change: the influence of managerial characteristics and organizational growth”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 40 No. 1, pp. 152‐70.",{"doi":1313},"10.2307\u002F257024",{"id":17,"text":1315,"url":17,"identifiers":1316},"Buckley, P.J. and Casson, M. (1981), European Research in International Business, North‐Holland, Amsterdam.",{},{"id":17,"text":1318,"url":17,"identifiers":1319},"Buckley, P.J. and Casson, M. 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This process is leading some companies towards more\nstrategically directed integration within external agencies. Some are\nalso adopting a sophisticated electronic toolkit in their design and\ndevelopment activities. 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(1992), “Contemporary Patterns of Technological\nChange”, mimeo, Science Policy Research Unit, Sussex University,\nBrighton.",{},{"id":17,"text":1733,"url":17,"identifiers":1734},"Peters, T.J. and Waterman, R.W. (1982), In Search of Excellence, Harper\nand Row, New York, N Y.",{},{"id":17,"text":1736,"url":17,"identifiers":1737},"Quintas, P. (1993), “A Product‐Process Model of Innovation in Software\nDevelopment”, CICT Centre mimeo, Science Policy Research Unit, Sussex\nUniversity, Brighton.",{},{"id":17,"text":1739,"url":17,"identifiers":1740},"Reiner, G. (1989),: Winning the Race for New Product Development”,\nManagement Review, Vol. 78 No. 8, pp. 52‐3.",{},{"id":17,"text":1742,"url":17,"identifiers":1743},"Roessner, D. (1979), “The Local Government Market as a Stimulus to\nIndustrial Innovation”, Research Policy, Vol. 8, pp. 340‐62.",{"doi":1744},"10.1016\u002F0048-7333(79)90002-7",{"id":17,"text":1746,"url":17,"identifiers":1747},"Rothwell, R. (1976), Innovation in Textile Machinery: Some Significant\nFactors in Success and Failure, Science Policy Research Unit, Occasional\nPaper Series No 2, June.",{},{"id":17,"text":1749,"url":17,"identifiers":1750},"Rothwell, R. (1984), “Technology‐Based Small Firms and Regional\nInnovation Potential: The Role of Public Procurement”, Journal of Public\nPolicy, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 307‐32.",{"doi":1751},"10.1017\u002FS0143814X00002774",{"id":17,"text":1753,"url":17,"identifiers":1754},"Rothwell, R. (1986), “Innovation and Re‐innovation: A Role for the\nUser”, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 109‐23.",{"doi":1755},"10.1080\u002F0267257X.1986.9964004",{"id":17,"text":1757,"url":17,"identifiers":1758},"Rothwell, R. (1989), “SMFs, Inter‐firm Relationships and Technological\nChange”, Enterpreneurship and Regional Development, Vol. 1, pp. 275‐91.",{"doi":1759},"10.1080\u002F08985628900000024",{"id":17,"text":1761,"url":17,"identifiers":1762},"Rothwell, R. 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(1992), “European Technology Policy\nEvolution: Convergence Towards SMEs and Regional Technology\nTransfer”, Technovation Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 223‐38.",{"doi":1775},"10.1016\u002F0166-4972(92)90044-I",{"id":17,"text":1777,"url":17,"identifiers":1778},"Rothwell, R. and Gardiner, P. (1988), “The Strategic Management of\nRe‐innovation”, R&D Management, Vol. 18 No. 2, April, pp. 147‐60.",{"doi":1779},"10.1111\u002Fj.1467-9310.1989.tb00635.x",{"id":17,"text":1781,"url":17,"identifiers":1782},"Rothwell, R. and Soete, L. (1983), “Technology and Economic\nChange”, Physics in Technology, Vol. 14 No. 6, November, pp. 270‐77.",{"doi":1783},"10.1088\u002F0305-4624\u002F14\u002F6\u002F302",{"id":17,"text":1785,"url":17,"identifiers":1786},"Rothwell, R. and Teubal, M. (1977), “SAPPHO Revisited: A Re‐appraisal of\nthe SAPPHO Data”, in Stroetman, K.A. (Ed.), Innovation, Economic Change\nand Technology Policies, Birkhauser, Basel and Stuttgart.",{"doi":1787},"10.1007\u002F978-3-0348-5867-0_4",{"id":17,"text":1789,"url":17,"identifiers":1790},"Rothwell, R. and Zegveld, W., (1985), Reindustrialization and\nTechnology, Longman, Harlow.",{},{"id":17,"text":1792,"url":17,"identifiers":1793},"Rothwell, R., Freeman, C., Horsley, A., Jervis, V.T.P., Robertson, A.B. and Townsend, J., (1974), “SAPPHO Updated: Project SAPPHO Phase\nII”, Research Policy, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 258‐91.",{"doi":1794},"10.1016\u002F0048-7333(74)90010-9",{"id":17,"text":1796,"url":17,"identifiers":1797},"Rubenstein, A.H., Chakrabarti, A.K., O′Keefe, R.D., Sonder, W.E. and\nYoung, H.C. (1976), “Factors Influencing Success at the Project\nLevel”, Research Management, Vol. XIX No. 3, pp. 15‐20.",{"doi":1798},"10.1080\u002F00345334.1976.11756350",{"id":17,"text":1800,"url":17,"identifiers":1801},"Rudolph, S.E. (1989), What Smart Companies are Doing in New Product\nDevelopment, Centre for Product Development, Arthur D. Little,\nCambridge, MA.",{},{"id":17,"text":1803,"url":17,"identifiers":1804},"Ruffles, P.C. (1986), “Reducing the Cost of Aero Engine Design”,\nAerospace, Vol. 13 No. 9, pp. 10‐19.",{},{"id":17,"text":1806,"url":17,"identifiers":1807},"Schock, G. (1974), Innovation Processes in Dutch Industry, TNO, Policy\nStudies and Information Group, Apeldoorn.",{},{"id":17,"text":1809,"url":17,"identifiers":1810},"Shaw, B. (1986), The Role of the Interaction between the Manufacturer\nand the User in the Medical Instrument Manufacturing Process, D.Phil\nthesis, Science Policy Research Unit, Sussex University, Brighton.",{},{"id":17,"text":1812,"url":17,"identifiers":1813},"Sommerlatte, T. (1990), “Raising Technology Development\nProductivity”, Enterprise, Innovation and 1992, TII, Luxembourg.",{},{"id":17,"text":1815,"url":17,"identifiers":1816},"Stalk, G. and Hout, T.M. (1990), “Competing against Time”, Research\nTechnology Management, March‐April, pp. 19‐24.",{"doi":1817},"10.1080\u002F08956308.1990.11670646",{"id":17,"text":1819,"url":17,"identifiers":1820},"Szakasitz, G.D. (1974), “The Adoption of the SAPPHO Method in the\nHungarian Electronics Industry”, Research Policy, Vol. 3.",{"doi":1821},"10.1016\u002F0048-7333(74)90015-8",{"id":17,"text":1823,"url":17,"identifiers":1824},"Utterback, J.M. (1975), The Process of Innovation in Five Industries in\nEurope and Japan, Centre for Policy Alternatives, MIT Press, Cambridge,\nMA.",{},{"id":1826,"createTime":1827,"updateTime":1827,"relativeEntities":1828,"slug":1829,"properties":1830,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":1838,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18,"primaryUrl":1839,"fullTextUrl":17,"authors":1840,"publicationType":206,"publisherRelationship":1858,"citationCount":17,"citationInfo":17,"publishDate":1886,"publishYear":1887,"citationAnalyzeStatus":16,"lastCitationAnalyze":17,"indexDatabases":17,"openAccess":17,"references":1888,"isForceReanalyzing":429},"d4599fd1-154a-4750-bdb2-f13a7c7f2922","2024-04-11T23:09:47.019+00:00",[],"Applying-intelligent-cultural-networks-to-marketing-analysis",{"keywords":1831,"abstract":1832,"title":1834,"doi":1836},{},{"EN":1833},"\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>In the real world, an occurrence of an event is often affected by a large number of potential factors. The purpose of this paper is to identify causal factors hidden in the data and discover the underlying causality from the observed data.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\u002Fmethodology\u002Fapproach\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>This paper suggests an integration of system dynamics and association mining for identifying causality between attributes in a cultural analysis. The framework gives an improved description of the target cultural system represented by a database; it can also improve strategy selection and other forms of decision making. Such a combination extracts important dynamic causality.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Complicated cultural issues can be identified and managed through a causal relation network. This type of causal relation is very common in daily life. For example, “an increase in productivity in a factory might cause an increase in pollution in the environment” and “the increasing pollution will cause a decreasing level of human health and welfare”.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>This paper presents a methodological framework for studying, understanding and managing cultural differences in a marketing environment. This framework provides a foundation for characterizing the causality representations and relations distributed among members of cultural groups.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\u002Fvalue\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>This framework is being developed as an approach to improve the management of a dynamic environment, such as an international marketing environment, where participants (marketers, sales manager, etc.) are asked to communicate, bargain, analyse and collaborate with other participants who have a different cultural background or understanding. The knowledge employed can be extracted from data gathered from previous cases, from which the models can be developed.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":1835},"Applying intelligent cultural networks to marketing analysis",{"VOID":1837},"10.1108\u002F02651330910972020",[137],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.emerald.com\u002Finsight\u002Fcontent\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1108\u002F02651330910972020\u002Ffull\u002Fhtml",[1841],{"id":1842,"sortIndex":18,"researcher":17,"roles":1843,"affiliations":1844,"properties":1855},"da7b4979-73dc-4b77-b809-8f2d4ca3f1d9",[],[1845],{"id":17,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":1846,"properties":17},{"id":1847,"createTime":1848,"updateTime":1849,"relativeEntities":1850,"slug":1851,"properties":1852,"entityType":54,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18},"c6251684-c797-46b7-8f6f-2b94abaf63f2","2023-12-27T23:10:02.072+00:00","2024-10-11T23:53:47.936+00:00",[],"Nottingham-Business-School-Nottingham-Trent-University-Nottingham-UK",{"title":1853},{"VI":1854},"Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK",{"title":1856},{"EN":1857},"YiWang",{"url":17,"publisher":1859,"properties":17},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1860,"slug":10,"properties":1861,"entityType":15,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18,"subjectFields":1864,"manageAffiliations":1865,"indexDatabases":1866,"url":17,"thumbnailPath":17,"statistic":1881,"gsStatistic":17,"type":17,"analyzePriority":17},[],{"issn":1862,"title":1863},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[1867,1874],{"id":80,"indexDatabase":1868,"url":95,"indexYears":17,"academicFieldIds":1873,"indexDatabaseRanking":17},{"id":82,"createTime":83,"updateTime":84,"relativeEntities":1869,"label":1870,"description":1871,"key":91,"publicationTags":1872,"standard":17},[],{"EN":87,"VI":87},{"VI":89,"EN":90},[93,94],[97],{"id":59,"indexDatabase":1875,"url":72,"indexYears":73,"academicFieldIds":1880,"indexDatabaseRanking":78},{"id":61,"createTime":62,"updateTime":63,"relativeEntities":1876,"label":1877,"description":1878,"key":69,"publicationTags":1879,"standard":17},[],{"EN":66,"VI":66},{"EN":66,"VI":68},[71],[75,76,77],{"impactFactor":18,"impactFactorByYear":1882,"i10Index":102,"i10IndexLast5Year":18,"totalPublication":103,"totalPublicationByYear":1883,"totalCitation":111,"totalCitationByYear":1884,"totalCitationPerPublication":113,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1885,"hindexLast5Year":102,"hindex":102},{"2015":100,"2016":101},{"1983":105,"1984":55,"1985":101,"1986":105,"1987":55,"1988":106,"1990":107,"1991":106,"1992":107,"1993":106,"1994":107,"1995":101,"1996":107,"1997":105,"1998":107,"1999":108,"2000":102,"2001":106,"2002":55,"2003":55,"2004":107,"2005":109,"2006":110,"2007":110,"2008":109,"2009":108,"2010":109,"2011":106,"2012":105,"2013":107,"2014":102},{"2014":111},{"2014":111},"2009-07-17",2009,[1889,1892,1895,1899,1903,1907,1911,1915,1919,1923,1927,1931,1934,1937,1941,1945,1948,1952,1956,1959,1963,1967,1970,1974,1977,1981,1984,1987,1991,1995,1998,2002,2006,2010,2013,2016,2020,2024,2027,2031,2035,2039,2042,2046,2049,2052,2055,2058,2061,2065,2069,2072,2076,2080,2084,2087,2091,2095,2098,2102,2105,2109,2113,2116,2120,2124,2127,2130,2134,2137,2140,2144,2147,2151,2155,2159,2162,2165,2168,2171],{"id":17,"text":1890,"url":17,"identifiers":1891},"Agrawal, R., Mannila, H., Srikant, R., Toivonen, H. and Inkeri, A. 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The basis of the research is that a correlation exists between the level of affinity (or “liking”) executives feel for a foreign culture, and the extent to which they feel psychologically close to that culture. Findings indicate a moderate level of correlation between cultural closeness and cultural liking (r = 0.4048, p = 0.0000), which would suggest that cultural closeness is a contributory element to psychic closeness. Looks at the concept of psychic distance, examining the component elements. It then details the empirical research on which the conclusions are based, explaining how a sample of industry executives was identified, and how the research was carried out. Concludes with an overview of culture as an element of distance in international business, and makes some suggestions for pre‐departure executive training.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2185},"Cultural closeness as a facet of cultural affinity",{"VOID":2187},"10.1108\u002F02651339910274684",[137],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.emerald.com\u002Finsight\u002Fcontent\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1108\u002F02651339910274684\u002Ffull\u002Fhtml",[2191],{"id":2192,"sortIndex":18,"researcher":17,"roles":2193,"affiliations":2194,"properties":2206},"6d15417e-e86c-4442-a833-273e4afe65c7",[],[2195],{"id":2196,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":2197,"properties":17},"91a902cf-4353-4546-89cf-e7e0bb86985d",{"id":2198,"createTime":2199,"updateTime":2200,"relativeEntities":2201,"slug":2202,"properties":2203,"entityType":54,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18},"72a17238-b49c-4a69-ac91-d4cc8faeb26b","2023-12-12T11:56:48.215+00:00","2024-07-24T23:07:14.914+00:00",[],"Staffordshire-University-Business-School-Stoke-on-Trent-UK",{"title":2204},{"VI":2205},"Staffordshire University Business School, Stoke‐on‐Trent, UK",{"title":2207},{"EN":2208},"Jonathan S.Swift",{"url":17,"publisher":2210,"properties":2237},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":2211,"slug":10,"properties":2212,"entityType":15,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18,"subjectFields":2215,"manageAffiliations":2216,"indexDatabases":2217,"url":17,"thumbnailPath":17,"statistic":2232,"gsStatistic":17,"type":17,"analyzePriority":17},[],{"issn":2213,"title":2214},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[2218,2225],{"id":80,"indexDatabase":2219,"url":95,"indexYears":17,"academicFieldIds":2224,"indexDatabaseRanking":17},{"id":82,"createTime":83,"updateTime":84,"relativeEntities":2220,"label":2221,"description":2222,"key":91,"publicationTags":2223,"standard":17},[],{"EN":87,"VI":87},{"VI":89,"EN":90},[93,94],[97],{"id":59,"indexDatabase":2226,"url":72,"indexYears":73,"academicFieldIds":2231,"indexDatabaseRanking":78},{"id":61,"createTime":62,"updateTime":63,"relativeEntities":2227,"label":2228,"description":2229,"key":69,"publicationTags":2230,"standard":17},[],{"EN":66,"VI":66},{"EN":66,"VI":68},[71],[75,76,77],{"impactFactor":18,"impactFactorByYear":2233,"i10Index":102,"i10IndexLast5Year":18,"totalPublication":103,"totalPublicationByYear":2234,"totalCitation":111,"totalCitationByYear":2235,"totalCitationPerPublication":113,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":2236,"hindexLast5Year":102,"hindex":102},{"2015":100,"2016":101},{"1983":105,"1984":55,"1985":101,"1986":105,"1987":55,"1988":106,"1990":107,"1991":106,"1992":107,"1993":106,"1994":107,"1995":101,"1996":107,"1997":105,"1998":107,"1999":108,"2000":102,"2001":106,"2002":55,"2003":55,"2004":107,"2005":109,"2006":110,"2007":110,"2008":109,"2009":108,"2010":109,"2011":106,"2012":105,"2013":107,"2014":102},{"2014":111},{"2014":111},{"volume":2238,"pages":2240,"issue":2242},{"VOID":2239},"16",{"VOID":2241},"182-201",{"VOID":2243},"3","1999-06-01",1999,[2247,2251,2254,2257,2260,2264,2267,2270,2274,2278,2282,2285,2289,2292,2295,2298,2301,2304,2307,2311,2314,2318,2322,2326,2330,2333,2337,2340,2344,2347,2351,2355,2358,2362,2365,2368],{"id":17,"text":2248,"url":17,"identifiers":2249},"Adler, N.J. and Graham, J.L. 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(1941), “The frustration – aggression hypothesis and culture”, Psychological Review, Vol. XLVIII  No. 4, pp. 350‐55.",{"doi":2263},"10.1037\u002Fh0055948",{"id":17,"text":2265,"url":17,"identifiers":2266},"Chisnall, P.M. (1992), Marketing Research, 4th ed., McGraw Hill Book Company, Maidenhead.",{},{"id":17,"text":2268,"url":17,"identifiers":2269},"Coon, C.S. (1954), The Races of Europe, The Macmillan Company, New York, NY.",{},{"id":17,"text":2271,"url":17,"identifiers":2272},"Dion, P. (1995), “What is really necessary in buyer\u002Fseller relationships?”, Easterling, D. and Miller, S.J., Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 1‐9.",{"doi":2273},"10.1016\u002F0019-8501(94)00025-R",{"id":17,"text":2275,"url":17,"identifiers":2276},"Domsch, M. and Lichtenberger, B. 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(1990), “The determinants of export decisions and attitudes to a distant market: Norwegian fishery exports to Japan”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 469‐85.",{"doi":2288},"10.1057\u002Fpalgrave.jibs.8490829",{"id":17,"text":2290,"url":17,"identifiers":2291},"Hallén, L. and Wiedersheim‐Paul, F. (1984), “The evolution of psychic distance in international business relationships”, in Hagg, I. and Widersheim‐Paul, F. (Eds), Between Market and Hierarchy, University of Uppsala, Department of Business Administration, Uppsala, pp. 15‐27.",{},{"id":17,"text":2293,"url":17,"identifiers":2294},"Harbison, F. and Myers, C.A. (1959), Management in the Industrial World, McGraw‐Hill Book Company, New York, NY.",{},{"id":17,"text":2296,"url":17,"identifiers":2297},"Hayes, J. and Allinson, C.W. (1988), “Cultural differences in the learning styles of managers”, Management International Review, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 75‐80.",{},{"id":17,"text":2299,"url":17,"identifiers":2300},"Herskovits, M. (1952), Man and His Works, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.",{},{"id":17,"text":2302,"url":17,"identifiers":2303},"Holden, N.J. and Burgess, M. (1994), Japanese‐led Companies: Understanding How to Make Them Your Customers, McGraw‐Hill Book Company, London.",{},{"id":17,"text":2305,"url":17,"identifiers":2306},"Homans, G.C. (1973), Social Behaviour: It’s Elementary Forms, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.",{},{"id":17,"text":2308,"url":17,"identifiers":2309},"Howe, I.C.K., Tseng, A.T.‐P. and Hong, A.T.K. (1990) “The role of culture in training in a multi‐national context”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 9 No. 5, pp. 51‐7.",{"doi":2310},"10.1108\u002F02621719010145209",{"id":17,"text":2312,"url":17,"identifiers":2313},"Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J.‐E. (1977), “The internationalisation process of the firm – a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitment”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 23‐32.",{"doi":1392},{"id":17,"text":2315,"url":17,"identifiers":2316},"Johanson, J. and Wiedersheim‐Paul, F. (1975), “The internationalisation of the firm: four Swedish cases”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 305‐22.",{"doi":2317},"10.1111\u002Fj.1467-6486.1975.tb00514.x",{"id":17,"text":2319,"url":17,"identifiers":2320},"Kanter, R.M. and Corn, R.I. (1994), “Do cultural differences make a business difference? Contextual factors affecting cross‐cultural relationship success”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 5‐23.",{"doi":2321},"10.1108\u002F02621719410050219",{"id":17,"text":2323,"url":17,"identifiers":2324},"Klein, S. and Roth, V.J. (1990), “Determinants of export channel structure: the effects of experience and psychic distance revisited”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 7 No. 5, pp. 27‐38.",{"doi":2325},"10.1108\u002FEUM0000000001533",{"id":17,"text":2327,"url":17,"identifiers":2328},"Maslow, A.H. (1943), “A theory of human motivation”, Psychological Review, Vol. 50, pp. 370‐39.",{"doi":2329},"10.1037\u002Fh0054346",{"id":17,"text":2331,"url":17,"identifiers":2332},"Mendenhall, M. and Oddov, G. (1986), “Acculturation profiles of expatriate managers: implications for cross‐cultural training programmes”, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 73‐9.",{},{"id":17,"text":2334,"url":17,"identifiers":2335},"Meyer, H.‐D. (1993), “The cultural gap in long‐term international work aroups: a German‐American case study”, European Management Journal, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 93‐101.",{"doi":2336},"10.1016\u002F0263-2373(93)90029-H",{"id":17,"text":2338,"url":17,"identifiers":2339},"Murdock, G.P. (1945), “The common denominator of cultures”, in Linton R. (Ed.), The Science of Man in the World Crises, Columbia University Press, New York, NY, pp. 123‐42.",{},{"id":17,"text":2341,"url":17,"identifiers":2342},"Park, H. and Harrison, J.K. (1993), “Enhancing managerial cross‐cultural awareness and sensitivity: transactional analysis revisited”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 20‐29.",{"doi":2343},"10.1108\u002F02621719310025029",{"id":17,"text":2345,"url":17,"identifiers":2346},"Phillips, C., Doole, I. and Lowe, R. (1994), International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation, Routledge, London.",{},{"id":17,"text":2348,"url":17,"identifiers":2349},"Pun, A.S.L. (1990), “Managing the cultural differences in learning”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 9 No. 5, pp. 35‐40.",{"doi":2350},"10.1108\u002F02621719010141870",{"id":17,"text":2352,"url":17,"identifiers":2353},"Snell, R. (1990), “Congenial ways of learning: so near and yet so far”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 17‐23.",{"doi":2354},"10.1108\u002F02621719010140097",{"id":17,"text":2356,"url":17,"identifiers":2357},"Swift, J.S. (1997), “The relationship between market culture and market language: British executives in overseas markets”, unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Modern Languages, University of Liverpool.",{},{"id":17,"text":2359,"url":17,"identifiers":2360},"Tollgerdt‐Andersson, I. (1993), “Attitudes, values and demands on leadership – a cultural comparison”, Management Education and Development, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 48‐57.",{"doi":2361},"10.1177\u002F135050769302400105",{"id":17,"text":2363,"url":17,"identifiers":2364},"Tung, R.L. (1981), “Selection and training of personnel for overseas assignments”, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 68‐78.",{},{"id":17,"text":2366,"url":17,"identifiers":2367},"Turnbull, P.W. and Cunningham, M.T. (Eds), (1981), International Marketing and Purchasing: A Survey among Marketing and Purchasing Executives in Five European Countries, Macmillan Press, London.",{},{"id":17,"text":2369,"url":17,"identifiers":2370},"Yamada, H. (1997), “Organisation in American and Japanese meetings: task versus relationship”, in Bargiela‐Chiappini, F. and Harris, S. (Eds), The Languages of Business: An International Perspective, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 117‐33.",{},{"id":2372,"createTime":2373,"updateTime":2373,"relativeEntities":2374,"slug":2375,"properties":2376,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":2373,"verifyNote":135,"syncStatus":16,"languages":2384,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18,"primaryUrl":2385,"fullTextUrl":17,"authors":2386,"publicationType":206,"publisherRelationship":2430,"citationCount":17,"citationInfo":17,"publishDate":2464,"publishYear":2465,"citationAnalyzeStatus":16,"lastCitationAnalyze":17,"indexDatabases":17,"openAccess":17,"references":2466,"isForceReanalyzing":429},"36d947f3-9934-4b0b-a315-3f3d77fb93a7","2024-07-24T22:57:15.213+00:00",[],"Research-note-marketing-accounting-services",{"keywords":2377,"abstract":2378,"title":2380,"doi":2382},{},{"EN":2379},"\u003Cjats:p>Reviews research on marketing attitudes, strategies and\neffectiveness of marketing tools in accounting firms in the USA, UK,\nHong Kong and Australia, and compares the findings with a recent\nmultiple case study of Australian accounting firms. The Australian study\nanalysed firms′ use\u002Fnon‐use of marketing plans, image development\nstrategies and image perception, network\u002F referral strategies,\npromotional and client acquisition practices, and strategies for\nbuilding and maintaining client confidence. The study identified some\nconsistencies and differences in marketing strategies between small and\nmedium firms, and within the small and medium firm groups. The finding\nthat none of the firms in the study used systematic measures of\nmarketing effectiveness was consistent with the majority of\ninternational studies examined. Synthesizes the research findings in\nrelation to strategic services marketing, quality service management,\nand assessing marketing effectiveness, and raises future research\nmethodological considerations.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2381},"Research note: marketing accounting services",{"VOID":2383},"10.1108\u002F02651339510103010",[137],"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.emerald.com\u002Finsight\u002Fcontent\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1108\u002F02651339510103010\u002Ffull\u002Fhtml",[2387,2404,2417],{"id":2388,"sortIndex":18,"researcher":17,"roles":2389,"affiliations":2390,"properties":2401},"42bbd869-29ce-4d53-8408-ec05db368d59",[],[2391],{"id":2392,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":2393,"properties":17},"bd6087c9-4cbf-4b95-bc45-33d6e9fe6de8",{"id":2394,"createTime":2395,"updateTime":2395,"relativeEntities":2396,"slug":2397,"properties":2398,"entityType":54,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18},"f345cbd0-3d58-4017-903a-1fe946e48150","2024-07-24T22:57:15.224+00:00",[],"School-of-Commerce-The-Flinders-University-of-South-Australia-Bedford-Park-Australia",{"title":2399},{"EN":2400},"School of Commerce, The Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia",{"title":2402},{"EN":2403},"N.C.Mangos",{"id":2405,"sortIndex":142,"researcher":17,"roles":2406,"affiliations":2407,"properties":2414},"0d45ebcb-7bd5-4583-9190-c894fc7b3cde",[],[2408],{"id":2409,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":2410,"properties":17},"8616dadd-235a-45b1-9850-dba9efd49fb5",{"id":2394,"createTime":2395,"updateTime":2395,"relativeEntities":2411,"slug":2397,"properties":2412,"entityType":54,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18},[],{"title":2413},{"EN":2400},{"title":2415},{"EN":2416},"J.A.Stevens",{"id":2418,"sortIndex":102,"researcher":17,"roles":2419,"affiliations":2420,"properties":2427},"12a10d7f-87e6-48c1-8578-8a7ed932714b",[],[2421],{"id":2422,"sortIndex":18,"affiliation":2423,"properties":17},"2eeaa0ea-2049-437b-ab57-fac3637ae6c5",{"id":2394,"createTime":2395,"updateTime":2395,"relativeEntities":2424,"slug":2397,"properties":2425,"entityType":54,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18},[],{"title":2426},{"EN":2400},{"title":2428},{"EN":2429},"B.H.Roffey",{"url":17,"publisher":2431,"properties":2458},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":2432,"slug":10,"properties":2433,"entityType":15,"verifyStatus":16,"verifyTime":17,"verifyNote":17,"syncStatus":16,"languages":17,"translateLanguages":17,"viewCount":18,"subjectFields":2436,"manageAffiliations":2437,"indexDatabases":2438,"url":17,"thumbnailPath":17,"statistic":2453,"gsStatistic":17,"type":17,"analyzePriority":17},[],{"issn":2434,"title":2435},{"VOID":13},{"EN":10},[],[],[2439,2446],{"id":80,"indexDatabase":2440,"url":95,"indexYears":17,"academicFieldIds":2445,"indexDatabaseRanking":17},{"id":82,"createTime":83,"updateTime":84,"relativeEntities":2441,"label":2442,"description":2443,"key":91,"publicationTags":2444,"standard":17},[],{"EN":87,"VI":87},{"VI":89,"EN":90},[93,94],[97],{"id":59,"indexDatabase":2447,"url":72,"indexYears":73,"academicFieldIds":2452,"indexDatabaseRanking":78},{"id":61,"createTime":62,"updateTime":63,"relativeEntities":2448,"label":2449,"description":2450,"key":69,"publicationTags":2451,"standard":17},[],{"EN":66,"VI":66},{"EN":66,"VI":68},[71],[75,76,77],{"impactFactor":18,"impactFactorByYear":2454,"i10Index":102,"i10IndexLast5Year":18,"totalPublication":103,"totalPublicationByYear":2455,"totalCitation":111,"totalCitationByYear":2456,"totalCitationPerPublication":113,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":2457,"hindexLast5Year":102,"hindex":102},{"2015":100,"2016":101},{"1983":105,"1984":55,"1985":101,"1986":105,"1987":55,"1988":106,"1990":107,"1991":106,"1992":107,"1993":106,"1994":107,"1995":101,"1996":107,"1997":105,"1998":107,"1999":108,"2000":102,"2001":106,"2002":55,"2003":55,"2004":107,"2005":109,"2006":110,"2007":110,"2008":109,"2009":108,"2010":109,"2011":106,"2012":105,"2013":107,"2014":102},{"2014":111},{"2014":111},{"volume":2459,"pages":2461,"issue":2463},{"VOID":2460},"12",{"VOID":2462},"68-81",{"VOID":1287},"1995-12-01",1995,[2467,2470,2473,2477,2480,2484,2488,2491,2495,2499,2503,2506,2510,2513,2517,2521,2525,2529,2533,2536,2539,2543,2546,2550,2553,2556,2559,2563,2566,2570,2574,2577,2580,2584,2587,2590,2593,2596,2599,2603,2607,2610,2613,2616,2619,2622,2625,2628,2632,2636,2640,2643,2647,2651,2654,2658],{"id":17,"text":2468,"url":17,"identifiers":2469},"Ahmed, Z. and Hopson, J. (1990), “A strategic plan for marketing accounting services”, CPA Journal, Vol. 60 No. 10, pp. 50‐7.",{},{"id":17,"text":2471,"url":17,"identifiers":2472},"Andrews, T.F. (1992), “Client satisfaction: myth or reality”, Ohio CPA Journal, Vol. 21 No. 5, pp. 30‐6.",{},{"id":17,"text":2474,"url":17,"identifiers":2475},"Andrus, D., Ott, R. and Donnelly, D. (1990), “Business client satisfaction with\nlarge vs. small firm tax services”, Journal of\nProfessional Services Marketing, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 33‐8.",{"doi":2476},"10.1300\u002FJ090v05n02_04",{"id":17,"text":2478,"url":17,"identifiers":2479},"Ardnit, T.L. and Hanks, G.F. (1976), “Advertising – yes\u002Fno: the opinions behind the\nvote”, The Woman CPA, April. pp.\n19‐21.",{},{"id":17,"text":2481,"url":17,"identifiers":2482},"Babakus, E. and Boller, G. (1992), “An empirical assessment of the SERVQUAL scale\n”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 24,\npp. 252‐68.",{"doi":2483},"10.1016\u002F0148-2963(92)90022-4",{"id":17,"text":2485,"url":17,"identifiers":2486},"Bendixen, M. (1993), “Advertising effects and effectiveness”, European\nJournal of Marketing, Vol. 27 No. 10, pp.\n19‐32.",{"doi":2487},"10.1108\u002F03090569310045861",{"id":17,"text":2489,"url":17,"identifiers":2490},"Berry, L. and Parasuraman, A. (1991), Marketing Services: Competing through Quality,\nFree Press, New York, NY.",{},{"id":17,"text":2492,"url":17,"identifiers":2493},"Bojanic, D. (1991), “Quality\nmeasurement in professional services firms”, Journal of\nProfessional Services Marketing, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 27‐36.",{"doi":2494},"10.1300\u002FJ090v07n02_04",{"id":17,"text":2496,"url":17,"identifiers":2497},"Boulding, W., Kalra, A., Staelin, R. and Zeithaml, V. (1993), “A\ndynamic process model of service quality: from expectations to\nbehavioural intentions”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 30, February, pp. 7‐27.",{"doi":2498},"10.1177\u002F002224379303000102",{"id":17,"text":2500,"url":17,"identifiers":2501},"Burton, G. (1991), “Attitudes toward the advertising by lawyers, doctors and CPAs\n”, Journal of Professional Services Marketing, Vol.\n8 No. 1, pp. 115‐27.",{"doi":2502},"10.1080\u002F15332969.1991.9985034",{"id":17,"text":2504,"url":17,"identifiers":2505},"Carman, J. (1990), “Consumer perceptions of service quality: an assessment of the SERVQUAL\ndimensions”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 66 No. 1, pp. 33‐55.",{},{"id":17,"text":2507,"url":17,"identifiers":2508},"Crane, F. (1991), “Consumer\nsatisfaction\u002Fdissatisfaction with professional services”,\nJournal of Professional Services, Vol. 7 No.\n2, pp. 19‐25.",{"doi":2509},"10.1300\u002FJ090v07n02_03",{"id":17,"text":2511,"url":17,"identifiers":2512},"Cravens, D. (1987), Strategic\nMarketing, 2nd ed., Irwin, Homewood, IL.",{},{"id":17,"text":2514,"url":17,"identifiers":2515},"Cronin, J. and Taylor, S. (1992), “Measuring service quality: a reexamination and\nextension”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 56, July, pp. 55‐68.",{"doi":2516},"10.1177\u002F002224299205600304",{"id":17,"text":2518,"url":17,"identifiers":2519},"Darling, J.R. and Hackett D.W. (1978), “The advertising of fees and services: a study of\ncontrasts between and similarities among professional groups\n”, Journal of Advertising, Spring, pp.\n23‐34.",{"doi":2520},"10.1080\u002F00913367.1978.10673218",{"id":17,"text":2522,"url":17,"identifiers":2523},"Diamantopoulos, A. (1994), “\nModelling with LISREL: a guide for the uninitiated”,\nJournal of Marketing Management, Vol. 10, pp.\n105‐36.",{"doi":2524},"10.1080\u002F0267257X.1994.9964263",{"id":17,"text":2526,"url":17,"identifiers":2527},"Diamantopoulos, A., O′Donohoe, S. and\nLane, J. (1989), “A comparison of\nadvertising practices within the accounting profession”,\nThe Service Industries Journal, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 280‐96.",{"doi":2528},"10.1080\u002F02642068900000029",{"id":17,"text":2530,"url":17,"identifiers":2531},"Diamantopoulos, A., O′Donohoe, S. and\nLane, J. (1990), “Modelling advertising\ndecisions by accountants: a path analysis”, Accounting\nReview, Vol. 22, pp. 3‐26.",{"doi":2532},"10.1016\u002F0890-8389(90)90112-U",{"id":17,"text":2534,"url":17,"identifiers":2535},"Evans, J. and Berman, B. (1990), Marketing, 4th ed., Macmillan,\nNew York, NY.",{},{"id":17,"text":2537,"url":17,"identifiers":2538},"Fay, M. and Bell, J. (1990),\n“After the deluge – accountants, advertising and\ncompetition”, Accountants′ Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 48‐51.",{},{"id":17,"text":2540,"url":17,"identifiers":2541},"Folland, S., Peacock, E. and Pelfrey, S. 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