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(2006). Partially awakened giants: Uneven growth in China and India (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4069). Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved from http:\u002F\u002Fdocumentos.bancomundial.org\u002Fcurated\u002Fes\u002F2006\u002F11\u002F7208840\u002Fpartially-awakened-giants-uneven-growth-china-india",{"doi":401},"10.1596\u002F1813-9450-4069",{"id":18,"text":403,"url":18,"identifiers":404},"Checchi, 2008, Intergenerational persistence in educational attainment in Italy, 10.2139\u002Fssrn.1198692",{"doi":405},"10.2139\u002Fssrn.1198692",{"id":18,"text":407,"url":18,"identifiers":408},"Checchi, 2013, Intergenerational persistence in educational attainment in Italy, Economics Letters, 118, 229, 10.1016\u002Fj.econlet.2012.10.033",{"doi":409},"10.1016\u002Fj.econlet.2012.10.033",{"id":18,"text":411,"url":18,"identifiers":412},"Chetty, 2014, Where is the land of opportunity? 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On intergenerational education mobility in Latin America",{},{"id":18,"text":418,"url":18,"identifiers":419},"Desai, 2009, India Human Development Survey (IHDS)",{},{"id":18,"text":421,"url":18,"identifiers":422},"Duraisamy, 2002, Changes in returns to education in India, 1983–94: By gender, age-cohort and location, Economics of Education Review, 21, 609, 10.1016\u002FS0272-7757(01)00047-4",{"doi":423},"10.1016\u002FS0272-7757(01)00047-4",{"id":18,"text":425,"url":18,"identifiers":426},"Dutta, 2006, Returns to education: New evidence for India, 1983–1999, Education Economics, 14, 431, 10.1080\u002F09645290600854128",{"doi":427},"10.1080\u002F09645290600854128",{"id":18,"text":429,"url":18,"identifiers":430},"Emran, 2015, Gender, geography and generations: Intergenerational educational mobility in post-reform India, World Development, 72, 362, 10.1016\u002Fj.worlddev.2015.03.009",{"doi":431},"10.1016\u002Fj.worlddev.2015.03.009",{"id":18,"text":433,"url":18,"identifiers":434},"Francesconi, 2006, Intergenerational mobility and sample selection in short panels, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 21, 1265, 10.1002\u002Fjae.910",{"doi":435},"10.1002\u002Fjae.910",{"id":18,"text":437,"url":18,"identifiers":438},"Government of India, 2006, Social, economic and education status of the Muslim community of India",{},{"id":18,"text":440,"url":18,"identifiers":441},"Haveman, 1995, The determinants of children’s attainments: A review of methods and findings, Journal of Economic Literature, 33, 1829",{},{"id":18,"text":443,"url":18,"identifiers":444},"Hertz, 2005, Rags, riches and race: The intergenerational economic mobility of black and white families in the United States, Unequal chances: Family background and economic success, 165",{},{"id":18,"text":446,"url":18,"identifiers":447},"Hertz, 2008, A group-specific measure of intergenerational persistence, Economics Letters, 100, 415, 10.1016\u002Fj.econlet.2008.03.008",{"doi":448},"10.1016\u002Fj.econlet.2008.03.008",{"id":18,"text":450,"url":18,"identifiers":451},"Hertz, 2007, The inheritance of educational inequality: International comparisons and fifty-year trends, B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy (Advances), 7, 1",{},{"id":18,"text":453,"url":18,"identifiers":454},"Hnatkovskay, 2013, Breaking the caste barrier: Intergenerational mobility in India, Journal of Human Resources, 48, 435",{},{"id":18,"text":456,"url":18,"identifiers":457},"Jalan, 2008, Intergenerational mobility in education in India",{},{"id":18,"text":459,"url":18,"identifiers":460},"Kanbur, 2014, How useful is inequality of opportunity as a policy construct?, 10.1596\u002F1813-9450-6980",{"doi":461},"10.1596\u002F1813-9450-6980",{"id":18,"text":463,"url":18,"identifiers":464},"Maitra, 2009, Parents and children: Education across generations in India",{},{"id":18,"text":466,"url":18,"identifiers":467},"Mazumder, 2011, Black-white differences in intergenerational economic mobility in the U.S, 10.2139\u002Fssrn.1966690",{"doi":468},"10.2139\u002Fssrn.1966690",{"id":18,"text":470,"url":18,"identifiers":471},"Munshi, 2006, Traditional institutions meet the modern world: Caste, gender, and schooling choice in a globalizing economy, American Economic Review, 96, 1225, 10.1257\u002Faer.96.4.1225",{"doi":472},"10.1257\u002Faer.96.4.1225",{"id":18,"text":474,"url":18,"identifiers":475},"Munshi, 2009, Why is mobility in India so low? Social insurance, inequality, and growth, 10.3386\u002Fw14850",{"doi":476},"10.3386\u002Fw14850",{"id":18,"text":478,"url":18,"identifiers":479},"Pew Research Center, 2009, Trends in political values and core attitudes: 1987–2009: Independents take center stage in Obama era",{},{"id":18,"text":481,"url":18,"identifiers":482},"Planning Commission of India, 2008, Eleventh five year plan (2007–2012): Social sector",{},{"id":18,"text":484,"url":18,"identifiers":485},"Shavit, 1993, Persistent inequality: Changing educational attainment in thirteen countries",{},{"id":18,"text":487,"url":18,"identifiers":488},"Solon, 1999, Intergenerational mobility in the labor market, Handbook of labor economics, 1761",{},false,{"id":491,"createTime":492,"updateTime":493,"relativeEntities":494,"slug":495,"properties":496,"entityType":261,"verifyStatus":262,"verifyTime":507,"verifyNote":264,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":508,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":509,"publicationType":308,"publisherRelationship":555,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":602,"publishDate":605,"publishYear":603,"citationAnalyzeStatus":362,"lastCitationAnalyze":493,"indexDatabases":606,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":489},"a10ff3c4-c85b-4584-80eb-82f5cfe2fa36","2024-01-06T00:53:15.157+00:00","2026-08-18T10:34:02.662+00:00",[],"The-residential-segregation-of-occupational-groups-in-central-cities-and-suburbs",{"abstract":497,"title":499,"gsPaper":501,"references":503,"doi":505},{"EN":498},"The impression of journalists and social critics in the 1950’s that post-war suburbia was uniformly middle-class has been generally rejected by social scientists, but there is a persisting belief in a high degree of residential segregation by social level in suburbia and in a high degree of socio-economic homogeneity within suburban neighborhoods. A comparison of eight central cities with their suburban zones in 1950 and in 1960 revealed, for both dates, (a) small differences in occupational distributions between the central cities and the suburban zones and (b) generally higher Index of Residential Dissimilarity values for pairs of occupational groups in the central cities. These findings indicate that suburban neighborhoods, at least in the eight suburban zones studied, were little, if any, more occupationally homogeneous than the central city neighborhoods. This suggests that the belief in homogeneous suburban neighborhoods should be added to the growing list of discredited “myths of suburbia. ”",{"EN":500},"The residential segregation of occupational groups in central cities and suburbs",{"VOID":502},"[\"16989461518818131047\"]",{"VOID":504},"Berger, B. M. 1960. Working Class Suburb. Berkeley: University of California Press.\nBerger, B. M. 1961. The myth of suburbia. Journal of Social Issues 27:38–49.\nBernard, J. 1962. American Community Behavior. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.\nBeshers, J. M. 1962. Urban Social Structure. New York: Free Press.\nBoskoff, A. 1970. The Sociology of Urban Regions. 2nd ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.\nBroom, L. and P. Selznick. 1968. Sociology. 4th ed. New York: Harper and Row.\nColeman, J. S. 1966. Community disorganization. In R. K. Merton and R. A. Nisbet (eds.), Contemporary Social Problems. 2nd ed. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World.\nDobriner, W. M. 1963. Class in Suburbia. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.\nDuncan, O. D. and B. Duncan. 1955. Residential distribution and occupational stratification. American Journal of Sociology 60:493–503.\nFarley, R. 1964. Suburban persistence. American Sociological Review 29:38–47.\nFava, S. F. 1956. Suburbanism as a way of life. American Sociological Review 21:34–37.\nGoldstein, S. and K. Mayer. 1964. Population decline and the social and economic structure of the American city. American Sociological Review 29:48–54.\nLazerwitz, B. 1960. Metropolitan residential belts, 1950 and 1956. American Sociological Review 25:245–252.\nLee, D. 1963. Suburbia reconsidered: diversity and the creative life. In E. Green (ed.), Man and the Modern City, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.\nMartin, W. 1956. The structuring of social relationships engendered by suburban residence. American Sociological Review 21: 446–453.\nPackard, V. 1959. The Status Seekers. New York: McKay.\nRiesman, D. 1957. The suburban dislocation. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 314:123–143.\nSchnore, L. 1963. The socio-economic status of cities and suburbs. American Sociological Review 28:76–85.\nWhyte, W. H. 1956. The Organization Man. New York: Simon and Schuster.\nWood, R. C. 1959. Suburbia: Its People and Their Politics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.\nWrong, D. H. 1967. Suburbs and myths of suburbia. In D. H. Wrong and H. L. Gracey (eds.), Readings in Introductory Sociology. New York: Macmillan.",{"VOID":506},"10.2307\u002F2060341","2024-05-16T07:37:06.192+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F8\u002F1\u002F91\u002F172354\u002FThe-residential-segregation-of-occupational-groups?redirectedFrom=fulltext",[510,526,539],{"id":511,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":512,"affiliations":514,"properties":523,"displayName":525,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"602ae1c7-ee96-40cc-a11f-665c25a19d7b",[513],"AUTHOR",[515],{"id":516,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":517,"properties":18},"686db714-9814-4f11-8ad3-117ce59d01c0",{"id":516,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":518,"slug":18,"properties":519,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":522,"statistic":18},[],{"title":520},{"VI":521},"Department of Sociology, California State College at San Bernardino, USA",[],{"title":524},{"VI":525},"John Fine",{"id":527,"sortIndex":292,"researcher":18,"roles":528,"affiliations":529,"properties":536,"displayName":538,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"d9a1d5bc-a4ab-4b93-9c50-b9988b3c99fa",[513],[530],{"id":516,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":531,"properties":18},{"id":516,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":532,"slug":18,"properties":533,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":535,"statistic":18},[],{"title":534},{"VI":521},[],{"title":537},{"VI":538},"Norval D. Glenn",{"id":540,"sortIndex":541,"researcher":18,"roles":542,"affiliations":543,"properties":552,"displayName":554,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"1803a05e-e668-4265-9384-1fedad68020d",2,[513],[544],{"id":545,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":546,"properties":18},"84d12e9e-da3f-4a41-bd76-1cf2f6dad71f",{"id":545,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":547,"slug":18,"properties":548,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":551,"statistic":18},[],{"title":549},{"VI":550},"Department of Sociology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA",[],{"title":553},{"VI":554},"J. Kenneth Monts",{"url":508,"publisher":556,"properties":597},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":557,"slug":10,"properties":558,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":561,"manageAffiliations":566,"indexDatabases":577,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":592,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":559,"title":560},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[562],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":563,"label":564,"description":565,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[567,572],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":568,"slug":18,"properties":569,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":571,"statistic":18},[],{"title":570},{"EN":15},[],{"id":35,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":573,"slug":18,"properties":574,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":576,"statistic":18},[],{"title":575},{"EN":39},[],[578,585],{"id":43,"indexDatabase":579,"url":54,"indexYears":55,"academicFieldIds":584,"indexDatabaseRanking":58},{"id":45,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":580,"label":581,"description":582,"key":51,"publicationTags":583,"standard":18},[],{"EN":48,"VI":48},{"EN":48,"VI":50},[53],[57],{"id":60,"indexDatabase":586,"url":73,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":591,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":62,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":587,"label":588,"description":589,"key":69,"publicationTags":590,"standard":18},[],{"EN":65,"VI":65},{"EN":67,"VI":68},[71,72],[75],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":593,"i10Index":87,"i10IndexLast5Year":88,"totalPublication":89,"totalPublicationByYear":594,"totalCitation":121,"totalCitationByYear":595,"totalCitationPerPublication":178,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":596,"hindexLast5Year":143,"hindex":143},{"2012":78,"2013":79,"2014":80,"2015":80,"2016":81,"2017":82,"2018":83,"2019":84,"2020":85,"2021":84,"2022":86},{"1964":91,"1965":92,"1966":93,"1967":94,"1968":95,"1969":96,"1970":93,"1971":96,"1972":97,"1973":98,"1974":99,"1975":100,"1976":97,"1977":101,"1978":102,"1979":103,"1980":104,"1981":92,"1982":105,"1983":106,"1984":107,"1985":93,"1986":102,"1987":102,"1988":108,"1989":109,"1990":110,"1991":103,"1992":96,"1993":93,"1994":96,"1995":93,"1996":93,"1997":98,"1998":108,"1999":102,"2000":93,"2001":108,"2002":111,"2003":92,"2004":110,"2005":96,"2006":112,"2007":92,"2008":98,"2009":98,"2010":101,"2011":113,"2012":114,"2013":115,"2014":116,"2015":94,"2016":117,"2017":118,"2018":119,"2019":120,"2020":119},{"1964":123,"1965":124,"1966":125,"1967":126,"1968":127,"1969":128,"1970":129,"1971":130,"1972":131,"1973":132,"1974":133,"1975":134,"1976":135,"1977":136,"1978":137,"1979":138,"1980":139,"1981":140,"1982":141,"1983":142,"1984":143,"1985":144,"1986":145,"1987":146,"1988":147,"1989":148,"1990":149,"1991":94,"1992":150,"1993":151,"1994":152,"1995":153,"1996":154,"1997":155,"1998":156,"1999":157,"2000":158,"2001":159,"2002":160,"2003":161,"2004":162,"2005":163,"2006":164,"2007":165,"2008":166,"2009":167,"2010":168,"2011":169,"2012":144,"2013":170,"2014":171,"2015":172,"2016":173,"2017":174,"2018":175,"2019":176,"2020":177},{"1964":180,"1965":181,"1966":182,"1967":183,"1968":184,"1969":185,"1970":186,"1971":187,"1972":188,"1973":189,"1974":190,"1975":191,"1976":192,"1977":193,"1978":194,"1979":195,"1980":196,"1981":197,"1982":198,"1983":185,"1984":199,"1985":200,"1986":201,"1987":202,"1988":203,"1989":204,"1990":205,"1991":206,"1992":207,"1993":208,"1994":209,"1995":210,"1996":211,"1997":212,"1998":213,"1999":214,"2000":215,"2001":216,"2002":217,"2003":218,"2004":219,"2005":220,"2006":221,"2007":222,"2008":223,"2009":224,"2010":225,"2011":226,"2012":227,"2013":228,"2014":229,"2015":230,"2016":231,"2017":232,"2018":233,"2019":234,"2020":235},{"pages":598,"volume":600},{"VOID":599},"91-101",{"VOID":601},"8",{"total":19,"publishYear":603,"statisticByYear":604},1971,{},"1971-02-01",[71,58],{"id":608,"createTime":609,"updateTime":610,"relativeEntities":611,"slug":612,"properties":613,"entityType":261,"verifyStatus":262,"verifyTime":624,"verifyNote":264,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":625,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":626,"publicationType":308,"publisherRelationship":657,"citationCount":704,"citationInfo":705,"publishDate":718,"publishYear":706,"citationAnalyzeStatus":362,"lastCitationAnalyze":610,"indexDatabases":719,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":489},"f2e6f46d-b373-4cd8-8142-e6771b7dda32","2024-01-16T16:40:00.782+00:00","2026-08-16T22:12:39.093+00:00",[],"The-impact-of-war-famine-and-economic-decline-on-marital-fertility-in-ethiopia",{"abstract":614,"title":616,"gsPaper":618,"references":620,"doi":622},{"EN":615},"We examine recent fertility trends in Ethiopia for evidence of short- and long-term responses to famine, political events, and economic decline. We use retrospective data on children ever born from the 1990 National Family and Fertility Survey to estimate trends in annual marital conception probabilities, controlling for women’s demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The results of our analysis provide evidence of significant short-term declines in conception probabilities during years of famine and major political and economic upheaval. In the longer term, marital fertility in both urban and rural areas declined in the 1980s after increasing moderately in the 1970s.",{"EN":617},"The impact of war, famine, and economic decline on marital fertility in ethiopia",{"VOID":619},"[\"11710753091048913518\"]",{"VOID":621},"Abegaz, B., ed. 1994. Essays on Ethiopian Economic Development. Aldershot, England: Avebury.\nAllison, R.D. 1982. “Discrete-Time Methods for the Analysis of Event Histories.” Pp. 61–98 in Sociological Methodology, edited by S. Leindhardt. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.\nBaker, J. 1994. “Small Urban Centres and Their Role in Rural Restructuring.” Pp. 152–71 in Ethiopia in Change: Peasantry, Nationalism and Democracy, edited by A. Zegeye and S. Pausewang. London: British Academic Press.\nBariagaber, A. 1995. “Linking Political Violence and Refugee Situations in the Horn of Africa: An Empirical Approach.” International Migration Review 33:209–34.\nBongaarts, J. 1980. “Does Malnutrition Affect Fecundity? A Summary of Evidence.” Science 208(8):564–69.\nBongaarts, J. and M. Cain. 1981. “Demographic Responses to Famine.” Pp. 44–59 in Famine, edited by K.M. Cahill. New York: Orbis Books.\nCain, M. 1981. “Risk and Insurance: Perspectives on Fertility and Agrarian Change in India and Bangladesh.” Population and Development Review 7:435–74.\n—. 1983. “Fertility as an Adjustment to Risk.” Population and Development Review 9:688–702.\nCaldwell, J.C. and P. Caldwell. 1992. “Famine in Africa: A Global Perspective.” Pp. 367–90 in Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by É. van de Walle, G. Pison, and M. Sala-Diakandu. Oxford: Clarendon Press.\nCaldwell, J.C., P.H. Reddy, and P. Caldwell. 1986. “Periodic High Risk as a Cause of Fertility Decline in a Changing Rural Environment: Survival Strategies in the 1980–1983 South Indian Drought.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 34:677–701.\nCentral Statistical Authority. 1991. The 1984 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Analytical Report at National Level. Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Authority.\n—. 1993. The 1990 National Family and Fertility Survey Report. Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Authority.\nClapham, C.S. 1988. Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia. New York: Cambridge University Press.\nClay, D.C. and J.E. Vander Haar. 1993. “Patterns of Intergenerational Support and Childbearing in the Third World.” Population Studies 47:67–83.\nClay, J.W. and B.K. Holcomb. 1986. Politics and the Ethiopian Famine 1984–1985. Cultural Survival Report 20. Cambridge: Cultural Survival, Inc.\nCleland, J., N. Onuoha, and I. Timoeus. 1994. “Fertility Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Evidence.” Pp. 1–20 in The Onset of Fertility Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by T. Locoh and V. Hertrich. Liège: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.\nCornia, G.A. and R. Paniccià. 1995. “The Demographic Impact of Sudden Impoverishment.” Seminar on Demography and Poverty. Liège: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.\nDeVos, S. 1985. “An Old-Age Security Incentive for Children in The Philippines and Taiwan.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 33:793–814.\nEasterlin, R.A. 1965. “Long Swings in U.S. Demographic and Economic Growth: Some Findings on the Historical Pattern.” Demography 2:490–507.\nFacts on File. 1995. Africa on File, Vol. 1. New York: Facts on File.\nGalloway, P. 1988. “Basic Patterns in Annual Variations in Fertility, Nuptiality, Mortality and Prices in Pre-industrial Europe.” Population Studies 42:275–303.\nGoody, J. 1990. “Futures of the Family in Rural Africa.” Pp. 119–44 in Rural Development and Population: Institutions and Policy, edited by G. McNicoll and M. Cain. New York: The Population Council.\nGriffin, K., ed. 1992. The Economy of Ethiopia. New York: St. Martin’s Press.\nHansson, G. 1995. The Ethiopian Economy 1974–94: Ethiopia Tikdem and After. London: Routledge.\nHasen, A. and M. Strong. 1997. “Findings From the 1994 Census of Ethiopia.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Washington, DC\nHuman Rights Watch. 1991. Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia. New York: Human Rights Watch.\nKidane, A. 1989. “Demographic Consequences of the 1984–1985 Ethiopian Famine.” Demography 26:515–22.\nKumar, G. 1987. “Ethiopian Famines 1973–1985: A Case Study.” Wider Working Papers No. 26. Helsinki: World Institute for Development Economic Research of the United Nations University.\nLapham, R.J. and W.P. Mauldin. 1985. “Contraceptive Prevalence: The Influence of Organized Family Planning Programs.” Studies in Family Planning 16:117–37.\nLee, R. 1990. “The Demographic Response to Economic Crisis in Historical and Contemporary Populations.” Population Bulletin of the United Nations 29:1–15.\nLocoh, T. 1994. “Will the Decline in Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa Last? A Time of Uncertainty.” Pp. 105–33 in The Onset of Fertility Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by T. Locoh and V. Hertrich. Liège: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.\nMauldin, W.P. and J.A. Ross. 1991. “Family Planning Programs: Efforts and Results, 1982–89.” Studies in Family Planning 22:350–67.\n—. 1994. “Prospects and Programs for Fertility Reduction, 1990–2015.” Studies in Family Planning 25:77–95.\nMenken, J., J. Trussell, and S. Watkins. 1981. “The Nutrition Fertility Link: An Evaluation of the Evidence.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History XI:425–41.\nNational Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.\nNiggli, P. 1986. Doubtful Methods in the Struggle Against Famine—Ethiopia: Deportations and Forced-Labour Camps. Berlin: Berliner Missionswerk.\nNugent, J.B. 1985. “The Old-Age Security Motive for Fertility.” Population and Development Review 11(1):75–97.\nPalloni, A., K. Hill, and G.P. Aguirre. 1996. “Economic Swings and Demographic Changes in the History of Latin America.” Population Studies 50:105–32.\nRahmato, D. 1994. “Neither Feast nor Famine: Prospects for Food Security.” Pp. 192–208 in Ethiopia in Change: Peasantry, Nationalism and Democracy, edited by A. Zegeye and S. Pausewang. London: British Academic Press.\nRindfuss, R.R., J.S. Reed, and C. St. John. 1978. “A Fertility Reaction to a Historical Event: Southern White Birthrates and the 1954 Desegregation Ruling.” Science 201(14):178–80.\nSchultz, T.P. 1993. “Returns to Women’s Education.” Pp. 59–99 in Women’s Education in Developing Countries: Barriers, Benefits, and Policies, edited by E.M. King and M.A. Hill. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.\nSimpson, J.L. and S. Carson. 1993. “Biological Causes of Fetal Loss.” Pp. 287–315 in Biomedical and Demographic Determinants of Reproduction, edited by R. Gray, H. Leridon, and A. Spira. Oxford: Clarendon Press.\nThomas, N. 1991. “Land, Fertility, and the Population Establishment.” Population Studies 45:379–97.\nTiruneh, A. 1993. The Ethiopian Revolution 1974–1987: A Transformation From an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian Autocracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\nUnited Nations. 1994. Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations.\nWebb, P. and J. von Braun. 1994. Famine and Food Security in Ethiopia: Lessons for Africa. Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\nWeeks, J. 1988. “Economic Crisis and Household Survival Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Pp. 21–45 in African Population Conference, Dakar, 1988. Liège: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.\nWood, J.W. 1994. Dynamics of Human Reproduction: Biology, Biometry, Demography. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.\nWorld Bank. 1992. World Tables 1992. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.\nYamaguchi, K. 1991. Event History Analysis. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.\nYoung, J. 1997. Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: The Tigray People’s Liberation Front, 1975–1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.",{"VOID":623},"10.2307\u002F2648112","2024-06-26T19:20:48.761+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F36\u002F2\u002F247\u002F170562\u002FThe-impact-of-war-famine-and-economic-decline-on?redirectedFrom=fulltext",[627,644],{"id":628,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":629,"affiliations":630,"properties":639,"displayName":641,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"23a90c56-e982-4f81-9bc7-c06f05a157dd",[513],[631],{"id":632,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":633,"properties":18},"79d31a14-647d-46a9-8236-cc14b682f05a",{"id":632,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":634,"slug":18,"properties":635,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":638,"statistic":18},[],{"title":636},{"VI":637},"Department of Sociology and Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence",[],{"title":640,"gsAuthor":642},{"VI":641},"David P. 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              \u003Cjats:p>If age-specific birth rates drop immediately to the level of bare replacement the ultimate stationary number of a population will be given by (9): multiplied by the present number, where b is the birth rate, r the rate of increase, the expectation of life, and R0 the Net Reproduction Rate, all before the drop in fertility, and μ the mean age of childbearing afterwards. This expression is derived in the first place for females on the stable assumption; extension to both sexes is provided, and comparison with real populations shows the numerical error to be small where fertility has not yet started to drop. The result (9) tells how the lower limit of the ultimate population depends on parameters of the existing population, and for values typical of underdeveloped countries works out to about 1. 6. If a delay of 15 years occurs before the drop of the birth rate to replacement the population will multiply by over 2. 5 before attaining stationarity. The ultimate population actually reached will be higher insofar as death rates continue to improve. If stability cannot be assumed the ultimate stationary population is provided by the more general expression (7), which is still easier to calculate than a detailed projection.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":736},"On the momentum of population growth",{"VOID":738},"5163984",{"VOID":740},"10.2307\u002F2060339","2024-07-11T01:35:30.307+00:00",[266],"https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle\u002F8\u002F1\u002F71\u002F172357\u002FOn-the-momentum-of-population-growth",[745],{"id":746,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":747,"affiliations":748,"properties":757,"displayName":759,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"51c570fc-1fd7-4a19-9009-ada3db4b33ff",[],[749],{"id":750,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":751,"properties":18},"29a1b819-22d1-4c76-9f2f-1fc548e33d18",{"id":750,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":752,"slug":18,"properties":753,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":756,"statistic":18},[],{"title":754},{"EN":755},"Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley 94720",[],{"title":758,"openalex":760},{"EN":759},"Nathan 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1968, The Concept of a Stable Population: Application to the Study of Populations of Countries with Incomplete Demographic Statistics. Population Studies, No. 39, ST\u002FSOA\u002FSeries A\u002F39",{},{"id":18,"text":824,"url":18,"identifiers":825},"Bourgeois-Pichat, 1970, Un taux d’accroissement nul pour les pays en voie de développement en l’an 2000—rêve ou réalité?, Population, 25, 957, 10.2307\u002F1530303",{"doi":826},"10.2307\u002F1530303",{"id":18,"text":828,"url":18,"identifiers":829},"Frejka, 1968, Reflections on the demographic conditions needed to establish a U. S. stationary population growth, Population Studies, 22, 379, 10.1080\u002F00324728.1968.10404946",{"doi":830},"10.1080\u002F00324728.1968.10404946",{"id":18,"text":832,"url":18,"identifiers":833},"Keyfitz, 1968, Introduction to the Mathematics of Population",{},{"id":18,"text":835,"url":18,"identifiers":836},"Keyfitz, 1969, Age distribution and the stable equivalent, Demography, 6, 261, 10.2307\u002F2060395",{"doi":837},"10.2307\u002F2060395",{"id":18,"text":839,"url":18,"identifiers":840},"Leslie, 1945, On the use of matrices in certain population mathematics, Biometrika, 33, 183, 10.1093\u002Fbiomet\u002F33.3.183",{"doi":841},"10.1093\u002Fbiomet\u002F33.3.183",{"id":18,"text":843,"url":18,"identifiers":844},"Lotka, 1939, Théorie analytique des associations biologiques. Part II. Analyse démographique avec application particulière à I’espèce humaine (Actualités Scientifiques et Industrielles, No. 780)",{},{"id":18,"text":846,"url":18,"identifiers":847},"",{},{"id":18,"text":849,"url":18,"identifiers":850},"Vincent, 1945, Potentiel d’accroissement d’une population stable, Journal de la Société de Statistique de Paris, 86, 16",{},{"id":18,"text":852,"url":18,"identifiers":853},"Whelpton, 1936, An empirical method of calculating future population, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 31, 457, 10.1080\u002F01621459.1936.10503346",{"doi":854},"10.1080\u002F01621459.1936.10503346",{"id":856,"createTime":857,"updateTime":858,"relativeEntities":859,"slug":860,"properties":861,"entityType":261,"verifyStatus":262,"verifyTime":872,"verifyNote":264,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":873,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":874,"publicationType":308,"publisherRelationship":892,"citationCount":717,"citationInfo":939,"publishDate":942,"publishYear":940,"citationAnalyzeStatus":943,"lastCitationAnalyze":858,"indexDatabases":944,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":489},"6ef6527e-d388-4ef4-8120-596222c697e6","2024-02-15T16:03:53.570+00:00","2026-07-23T14:32:34.985+00:00",[],"The-legacies-of-context-Past-and-present-influences-on-contraceptive-choice-in-Nang-Rong-Thailand",{"abstract":862,"title":864,"gsPaper":866,"references":868,"doi":870},{"EN":863},"This study explores the ways in which women’s contraceptive behavior in a rural area of Thailand is shaped by both past and present context, based on the life course framework. Although the importance of contextual influences for contraceptive behavior is well established in the literature, relatively little research has been conducted that explores how behavior is influenced by historical and contemporaneous contextual factors and by individual life experiences. In addition, much of this research has neglected the role of the normative environment within which contraceptive use takes place. The focus of this paper centers on the effect of contraceptive environment at both early and late stages of the life course and on how this effect is shaped by individual experience with migration to urban areas. This study takes advantage of a unique, prospective longitudinal data set with detailed information on community context at multiple points in time, an important improvement upon prior research. The results show that contraceptive behavior is particularly responsive to current community context, with past context primarily exerting an indirect effect on behavior through shaping current contextual influences.",{"EN":865},"The legacies of context: Past and present influences on contraceptive choice in Nang Rong, Thailand",{"VOID":867},"[\"16334789233397333147\"]",{"VOID":869},"Alva, S. and B. Entwisle. 2002. “Employment Transitions in an Era of Change in Thailand.” Southeast Asian Studies 40:303–26.\nAxinn, W.G. and J.S. Barber. 2001. “Mass Education and Fertility Transition.” American Sociological Review 66:481–505.\nAxinn, W.G., M.E. Clarkberg, and A. Thornton. 1994. “Family Influences on Family Size Preferences.” Demography 31:65–79.\nAxinn, W.G. and S.T. Yabiku. 2001. “Social Change, the Social Organization of Families, and Fertility Limitation.” American Journal of Sociology 106:1219–61.\nBecker, G.S. 1981. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.\n— 1996. Accounting for Tastes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.\nBehrman, J.R., H.-P. Kohler, and S.C. Watkins. 2002. “Social Networks and Changes in Contraceptive Use Over Time: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study in Rural Kenya.” Demography 39:713–38.\nBoyle, P.J. and J. Shen. 1997. “Public Housing and Migration: A Multi-Level Modeling Approach.” International Journal of Population Geography 3:227–42.\nBrewster, K.L., J.O.G. Billy, and W.R. Grady. 1993. “Social Context and Adolescent Behavior: The Impact of Community on the Transition to Sexual Activity.” Social Forces 71:713–40.\nCamic, C. 1986. “The Matter of Habit.” American Journal of Sociology 91:1039–87.\nCampbell, E.Q. 1969. “Adolescent Socialization.” Pp. 821–59 in Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research, edited by D.A. Goslin. Chicago: Rand McNally.\nChamratrithirong, A., P. Prasartkul, V. Thongthai, and P. Guest. 1997. “Thailand 1996 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey” (in Thai). Report. Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Thailand.\nChodorow, N. 1978. The Reproduction of Mothering. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.\nChompootaweep, S., M. Tankeyoon, P. Poomsuwan, K. Yamarat, and N. Dusitsin. 1997. “Age at Menarche in Thai Girls.” Annals of Human Biology 24:427–33.\nDegraff, D.S., R.E. Bilsborrow, and D.K. Guilkey. 1997. “Community-Level Determinants of Contraceptive Use in the Philippines: A Structural Analysis.” Demography 34:385–98.\nDuncan, G.J. and J. Brooks-Gunn. 1997. “Income Effects Across the Life-Span: Integration and Interpretation.” Pp. 596–610 in Consequences of Growing Up Poor, edited by G.J. Duncan and J. Brooks-Gunn. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.\nEasterlin, R.A. 1987. “Birth and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare.” 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\nEdmeades, J.D. 2006. “Development and Demographic Change in Nang Rong, Thailand.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.\nElder, G.H. 1977. “Family History and the Life Course.” Journal of Family History 2:279–304.\n— 1983. “The Life-Course Perspective.” Pp. 54–60 in The American Family in Social-Historical Perspective, 3rd ed., edited by M. Gordon. New York: St. Martin’s Press.\n— [1974] 1999. Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\nEntwisle, B., J.B. Casterline, and H.A.A. Sayed. 1989. “Villages as Contexts for Contraceptive Behavior in Rural Egypt.” American Sociological Review 54:1019–34.\nEntwisle, B., A.I. Hermalin, P. Kamnuansilpa, and A. Chamratrithirong. 1984. “A Multilevel Model of Family Planning Availability and Contraceptive Use in Rural Thailand.” Demography 21:559–74.\nEntwisle, B., R.R. Rindfuss, D.K. Guilkey, A. Chamratrithirong, S.R. Curran, and Y. Sawangdee. 1996. “Community and Contraceptive Choice in Rural Thailand: A Case Study of Nang Rong.” Demography 33:1–11.\nEntwisle, B., R.R. Rindfuss, S.J. Walsh, T. Evans, and S.R. Curran. 1997. “Geographic Information Systems, Spatial Network Analysis, and Contraceptive Choice.” Demography 34:171–87.\nFreedman, R. 1997. “Do Family Planning Programs Affect Fertility Preferences? A Literature Review.” Studies in Family Planning 28(1):1–13.\nFuller, T.D. 1990. “Thailand.” Pp. 345–70 in International Handbook on Internal Migration, edited by C.B. Nam, W.J. Serow, and D.F. Sly. New York: Greenwood Press.\nFuller, T.D., P. Kamnuansilpa, and P. Lightfoot. 1990. “Urban Ties of Rural Thais.” International Migration Review 24:534–62.\nFuller, T.D., P. Lightfoot, and P. Kamnuansilpa. 1985. “Rural-Urban Mobility in Thailand: A Decision-Making Approach.” Demography 22:565–79.\nGoldstein, A., M. White, and S. Goldstein. 1997. “Migration, Fertility, and State Policy in Hubei Province, China.” Demography 34:481–91.\nGuest, P. 1999. “Fertility Preferences in Thailand.” Journal of Population and Social Studies 8(1):1–19.\nGuest, P., A. Chamratrithirong, K. Archanvanikul, N. Piriyathamwong, and K. Richter. 1994. “Internal Migration in Thailand.” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3:531–44.\nHeckman, J.J. 1979. “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error.” Econometrica 47:153–61.\nHervitz, H.M. 1985. “Selectivity, Adaptation, or Disruption? A Comparison of Alternative Hypotheses on the Effects of Migration on Fertility: The Case of Brazil.” International Migration Review 19:293–317.\nHirschman, C., J. Tan, A. Chamratrithirong, and P. Guest. 1994. “The Path to Below Replacement-Level Fertility in Thailand.” International Family Planning Perspectives 20(3): 82–87, 107.\nJampaklay, A. 2003. “Migration, Marital Timing, and Mate Selection in the Context of Thailand.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.\nKnodel, J., A. Chamratrithirong, and N. Debavalya. 1986. “The Cultural Context of Thailand’s Fertility Decline.” Asia-Pacific Population Journal 1(1):23–48.\n— 1987. Thailand’s Reproductive Revolution: Rapid Fertility Decline in a Third-World Setting. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.\nKnodel, J., V.P. Ruffolo, P. Ratanalangkarn, and K. Wongboonsin. 1996. “Reproductive Preferences and Fertility Trends in Post-transition Thailand.” Studies in Family Planning 27:307–18.\nKohler, H.-P. 1997. “Learning in Social Networks and Contraceptive Choice.” Demography 34: 369–83.\nKohler, H.-P., J.R. Behrman, and S.C. Watkins. 2001. “The Density of Social Networks and Fertility Decisions: Evidence From South Nyanza District, Kenya.” Demography 38:43–58.\nKorinek, K., B. Entwisle, and A. Jampaklay. 2005. “Through Thick and Thin: Layers of Social Ties and Urban Settlement Among Thai Migrants.” American Sociological Review 70:779–800.\nKrein, S.F. and A.H. Beller. 1988. “Educational Attainment of Children From Single-Parent Families: Differences by Exposure, Gender, and Race.” Demography 25:221–34.\nLeClere, F.B., R.G. Rogers, and K. Peters. 1998. “Neighborhood Social Context and Racial Differences in Women’s Heart Disease Mortality.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 39(2):91–107.\nLindstrom, D.P. and S.G. Saucedo. 2002. “The Short- and Long-Term Effects of U.S. Migration Experience on Mexican Women’s Fertility.” Social Forces 80:1341–68.\nMason, K.O. 1983. “Norms Relating to the Desire for Children.” Pp. 388–428 in Determinants of Fertility in Developing Countries, Vol. 1, edited by R. 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Sawangdee. 1996. “The Family Building Life Course and Contraceptive Use: Nang Rong, Thailand.” Population Research and Policy Review 15:341–68.\nSampson, R.J., J.D. Morenoff, and T. Gannon-Rowley. 2002. “Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research.” Annual Review of Sociology 28:443–78.\nShanahan, M.J. 2000. “Pathways to Adulthood in Changing Societies: Variability and Mechanisms in Life Course Perspective.” Annual Review of Sociology 26:667–92.\nShanahan, M.J., F.J. Sulloway, and S.M.H. Hofer. 2000. “Change and Constancy in Developmental Contexts.” International Journal of Behavioral Development 24:421–27.\nSmith, K.R. and N.J. Waitzman. 1997. “Effects of Marital Status on the Risk of Mortality in Poor and Non-Poor Neighborhoods.” Annals of Epidemiology 7:343–49.\nSouth, S.J. and K.D. Crowder. 2000. “The Declining Significance of Neighborhoods? Marital Transitions in Community Context.” Social Forces 78:1067–99.\nStataCorp. 2001. Stata Reference Manual, Release 7. College Station, TX: Stata Press.\nUpchurch, D.M., C.S. Aneshensel, C.A. Sucoff, and L. Levy-Storms. 1999. “Neighborhood and Family Contexts of Adolescent Sexual Activity.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 61:920–33.\nWheaton, B. and P. Clarke. 2003. “Space Meets Time: Integrating Temporal and Contextual Influences on Mental Health in Early Adulthood.” American Sociological Review 68:680–706.\nYabiku, S.T. 2004. “Marriage Timing in Nepal: Organizational Effects and Individual Mechanisms.” Social Forces 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2T03:10:03.507+00:00","2026-07-22T01:51:12.540+00:00",[],"Cohabiting-and-marriage-during-young-men-s-career-development-process",{"abstract":952,"title":954,"gsPaper":956,"references":958,"doi":960},{"EN":953},"Using recently released cohabitation data for the male sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, first interviewed in 1979, I conducted multinomial discrete-time event-history analyses of how young men’s career-development process affects both the formation and the dissolution of cohabiting unions. For a substantial proportion of young men, cohabitation seemed to represent an adaptive strategy during a period of career immaturity, whereas marriage was a far more likely outcome for both stably employed cohabitors and noncohabitors alike. Earnings positively affected the entry into either a cohabiting or marital union but exhibited a strong threshold effect. Once the men were in cohabiting unions, however, earnings had little effect on the odds of marrying. Men with better long-run socioeconomic prospects were far more likely to marry from either the noncohabiting or cohabiting state, and this was particularly true for blacks.",{"EN":955},"Cohabiting and marriage during young men’s career-development process",{"VOID":957},"[\"14269487833385360827\"]",{"VOID":959},"Becker, G.S. 1981. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.\nBrown, S.L. 2000. “Union Transition Among Cohabitors: The Significance of Relationship Assessments and Expectations.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 62:833–46.\nBrown, S.L. and A. Booth. 1996. “Cohabitation Versus Marriage: A Comparison of Relationship Quality.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 58:668–78.\nBumpass, L.L. and H. Lu. 2000. “Trends in Cohabitation and Implications for Children’s Family Contexts in the United States.” Population Studies 54:29–41.\nBumpass, L.L. and J.A. Sweet. 1989. “National Estimates of Cohabitation.” Demography 26: 615–25.\nBumpass, L.L., J.A. Sweet, and A.J. Cherlin. 1991. “The Role of Cohabitation in Declining Rates of Marriage.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 53:913–27.\nCasper, L.M. and S.M. Bianchi. 2001. “Cohabitation.” Chap. 2 in Continuity and Change in the American Family. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.\nCenter for Human Resource Research. 1992. NLS Handbook: 1992. Center for Human Resource Research, Ohio State University.\nCherlin, A.J. 1980. “Postponing Marriage: The Influence of Young Women’s Work Expectations.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 42:355–75.\nClarkberg, M. 1999. “The Price of Partnering: The Role of Economic Well-being in Young Adults’ First Union Experiences.” Social Forces 77:945–68.\nClarkberg, M., R.M. Stolzenberg, and L.J. Waite. 1995. “Attitudes, Values, and Entrance Into Cohabitational Versus Marital Unions.” Social Forces 74:609–34.\nGoldscheider, F.K. and L.J. Waite. 1986. “Sex Differences in the Entry Into Marriage.” American Journal of Sociology 92:91–109.\nGoldstein, J.R. and C.T. Kenney. 2001. “Marriage Delayed or Marriage Forgone? New Cohort Forecasts of First Marriage for U.S. Women.” American Sociological Review 66:506–19.\nGryn, T.A., F.L. Mott, and D. Burchett-Patel. 2000. “The Relationship Trajectories for a Contemporary Cohort of Men in Early Middle Age: Evidence From the NLSY79.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Los Angeles, March 23–25 .\nHill, M.S. and W.J. Yeung. 1997. “How Have Alterations in the Structure of Opportunity Affected Transitions to Adulthood?” Pp. 3–39 in Transitions to Adulthood in a Changing Economy: No Work, No Family, No Future?, edited by A. Booth, A.C. Crouter, and M.J. Shanahan. Westport, CT: Praeger.\nJohnson, W.R. 1978. “A Theory of Job Shopping.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 92:261–78.\nJuhn, C., K. Murphy, and B. Pierce. 1993. “Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill.” Journal of Political Economy 101:410–42.\nLesthaeghe, R. 1995. “The Second Demographic Transition in Western Countries: An Interpretation.” Pp. 17–62 in Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries, edited by K.O. Mason and A. Jensen. Oxford: Clarendon Press.\nLevy, F. 1998. The New Dollars and Dreams: American Incomes and Economic Change. New York: Russell Sage.\nLichter, D.T., G.K. McLaughlin, G. Kephart, and D.J. Landry. 1992. “Race and the Retreat From Marriage: A Shortage of Marriageable Men?” American Sociological Review 57:781–99.\nLloyd, K.M. and S.J. South. 1996. “Contextual Influences on Young Men’s Transition to First Marriage.” Social Forces 74:1097–119.\nManning, W. and P.J. Smock. 1995. “Why Marry? Race and the Transition to Marriage Among Cohabitors.” Demography 32:509–20.\nMoffitt, R.A., R. Reville, and A.E. Winkler. 1998. “Beyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation and Marriage in the AFDC Program.” Demography 35:259–78.\nOppenheimer, V.K. 1988. “A Theory of Marriage Timing.” American Journal of Sociology 94:563–91.\n—. 1994. “Women’s Rising Employment and the Future of the Family in Industrial Societies.” Population and Development Review 20:293–342.\nOppenheimer, V.K., H. Blossfeld, and A. Wackerow. 1995. “New Developments in Family Formation and Women’s Improvement in Educational Attainment in the United States.” Pp. 150–73 in Family Formation in Modern Societies and the New Role of Women, edited by H. Blossfeld. Boulder: Westview Press.\nOppenheimer, V.K., M. Kalmijn, and N. Lim. 1997. “Men’s Career Development and Marriage Timing During a Period of Rising Inequality.” Demography 34:311–30.\nOppenheimer, V.K. and V. Lew. 1995. “Marriage Formation in the Eighties: How Important Was Women’s Economic Independence?” Pp. 105–38 in Gender and Family Change in Industrialized Countries, edited by K.O. Mason and A. Jensen. Oxford: Clarendon Press.\nOppenheimer, V.K. and A. Lewin. 1997. “Career Development and Marriage Formation in a Period of Rising Inequality: Who Is at Risk? What Are Their Prospects?” Pp. 187–225 in Transitions to Adulthood in a Changing Economy: No Work, No Family, No Future?, edited by A. Booth, A.C. Crouter, and M.J. Shanahan. Westport, CT: Praeger.\nQian, Z. and S. Preston. 1993. “Changes in American Marriage, 1972-87: Availability Conditions and Forces of Attraction by Age and Education.” American Sociological Review 58:482–95.\nSanchez, L., W.D. Manning, and P.J. Smock. 1998. “Sex-Specialized or Collaborative Mate Selection? Union Transitions Among Cohabitors.” Social Science Research 27:280–304.\nSeltzer, J.A. 2000. “Families Formed Outside of Marriage.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 62:1247–68.\nSkinner, K.B., S.J. Bahr, D.R. Crane, and V.R.A. Call. 2002. “Cohabitation, Marriage, and Remarriage.” Journal of Family Issues 23:74–90.\nSmock, P.J. and W.D. Manning. 1997. “Cohabiting Partners’ Economic Circumstances and Marriage.” Demography 34:331–41.\nSweet, J.A. and L.L. Bumpass. 1992. “Young Adults’ Views on Marriage and Cohabitation.” Pp. 143–70 in The Changing American Family, edited by S.J. South and S.E. Tolnay. Boulder: Westview Press.\nTeachman, J.D., K.A. Polonko, and G.K. Leigh. 1987. “Marital Timing: Race and Sex Comparisons.” Social Forces 66:239–68.\nThornton, A. 1989. “Changing Attitudes Toward Separation and Divorce.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 51:873–93.\nThornton, A., W.G. Axinn, and D.H. Hill. 1992. “Reciprocal Effects of Religiosity, Cohabitation, and Marriage.” American Journal of Sociology 98:628–51.\nTopel, R.H. and M. Ward. 1992. “Job Mobility and the Careers of Young Men.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 107:441–79.\nU.S. Bureau of the Census. 1993. “Poverty in the United States: 1992.” Current Population Reports, Series P-60-185. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.\n—. 1994. “Marital Status and Living Arrangements: March 1993.” Current Population Reports, Series P-20-478. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.\n—. 1998. “Marital Status and Living Arrangements: March 1998 (Update).” Current Population Reports, Series P-20-514. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.\nWillis, R.J. and R.T. Michael. 1994. “Innovation in Family Formation: Evidence on Cohabitation in the United States.” Pp. 10–45 in The Family, the Market and the State in Aging Societies, edited by J. Ermisch and N. Ogawa. Oxford: Clarendon Press.\nWu, Z. and M.S. Pollard. 2000. “Economic Circumstances and the Stability of Nonmarital Cohabitation.” Journal of Family Issues 21:303–28.",{"VOID":961},"10.1353\u002Fdem.2003.0006","2024-06-24T00:51:33.556+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle\u002F40\u002F1\u002F127\u002F170437\u002FCohabiting-and-marriage-during-young-men-s-career",[965],{"id":966,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":967,"affiliations":968,"properties":977,"displayName":979,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"02191d98-9d82-4985-bad8-c07adec3f357",[513],[969],{"id":970,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":971,"properties":18},"9bab5ded-3404-4d2f-817c-034e043516b6",{"id":970,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":972,"slug":18,"properties":973,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":976,"statistic":18},[],{"title":974},{"VI":975},"Department of Sociology, University of California, Los 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ife-Expectancy-Among-U-S-Adults",{"abstract":1040,"title":1042,"gsPaper":1044,"doi":1046},{"EN":1041},"Studies of the early-life origins of adult physical functioning and mortality have found that childhood health and socioeconomic context are important predictors, often irrespective of adult experiences. However, these studies have generally assessed functioning and mortality as distinct processes and used cross-sectional prevalence estimates that neglect the interplay of disability incidence, recovery, and mortality. Here, we examine whether early-life disadvantages both shorten lives and increase the number and fraction of years lived with functional impairment. We also examine the degree to which educational attainment mediates and moderates the health consequences of early-life disadvantages. Using the 1998–2008 Health and Retirement Study, we examine these questions for non-Hispanic whites and blacks aged 50–100 years using multistate life tables. Within levels of educational attainment, adults from disadvantaged childhoods lived fewer total and active years, and spent a greater portion of life impaired compared with adults from advantaged childhoods. Higher levels of education did not ameliorate the health consequences of disadvantaged childhoods. However, because education had a larger impact on health than did childhood socioeconomic context, adults from disadvantaged childhoods who achieved high education levels often had total and active life expectancies that were similar to or better than those of adults from advantaged childhoods who achieved low education levels.",{"EN":1043},"Cumulative Childhood Adversity, Educational Attainment, and Active Life Expectancy Among U.S. Adults",{"VOID":1045},"[\"5420649843548359255\"]",{"VOID":1047},"10.1007\u002Fs13524-013-0261-x","2024-05-06T14:16:37.218+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F51\u002F2\u002F413\u002F169428\u002FCumulative-Childhood-Adversity-Educational?redirectedFrom=fulltext",[1051,1068],{"id":1052,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1053,"affiliations":1054,"properties":1063,"displayName":1065,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"d4063ff6-3cc4-46a5-ae5a-13af1cd0812f",[513],[1055],{"id":1056,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1057,"properties":18},"eedfc959-814e-4f1c-b06c-403fd1032ad2",{"id":1056,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1058,"slug":18,"properties":1059,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1062,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1060},{"VI":1061},"Department of Sociology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA",[],{"title":1064,"gsAuthor":1066},{"VI":1065},"Jennifer Karas Montez",{"VOID":1067},"[\"GoITcSAAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1069,"sortIndex":292,"researcher":18,"roles":1070,"affiliations":1071,"properties":1080,"displayName":1082,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"90f8123a-a7d3-4786-8427-5a26b4766a80",[513],[1072],{"id":1073,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1074,"properties":18},"5045582e-66f1-43b0-b50d-095c7ea2a0b1",{"id":1073,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1075,"slug":18,"properties":1076,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1079,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1077},{"VI":1078},"Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA",[],{"title":1081,"gsAuthor":1083},{"VI":1082},"Mark D. 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E., Guerra, R. O., & Zunzunegui, M. V. (2007). Gender differences in lower extremity function in Latin American elders. Journal of Aging and Health, 19, 1004–1024.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":1144},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":1140,"text":1146,"url":1142,"identifiers":1147},"Baker, D. P., Leon, J., Greenaway, E. G. S., Collins, J., & Movit, M. (2011). The education effect on population health: A reassessment. Population and Development Review, 37, 307–332.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1149,"url":1142,"identifiers":1150},"Barker, D. J. P. (1997). Maternal nutrition, fetal nutrition, and disease in later life. Nutrition, 13, 807–813.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1152,"url":1142,"identifiers":1153},"Batty, G. D., Lawlor, D. A., Macintyre, S., Clark, H., & Leon, D. A. (2005). Accuracy of adults’ recall of childhood social class: Findings from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 898–903.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1155,"url":1142,"identifiers":1156},"Blackwell, D. L., Hayward, M. D., & Crimmins, E. M. (2001). Does childhood health affect chronic morbidity in later life? Social Science & Medicine, 52, 1269–1284.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1158,"text":1159,"url":1160,"identifiers":1161},"849de23a-a808-4491-9734-c2de21945af4","Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.goodreads.com\u002Fbook\u002Fshow\u002F870538.An_Invitation_to_Reflexive_Sociology",{"isbn":1162,"isbn13":1163},"0226067416","9780226067414",{"id":1140,"text":1165,"url":1142,"identifiers":1166},"Bowen, M. E., & Gonzalez, H. M. (2010). Childhood socioeconomic position and disability in later life: Results of the Health and Retirement Study. American Journal of Public Health, 100(Suppl. 1), S197–S203.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1168,"text":1169,"url":1170,"identifiers":1171},"f8ee4079-9601-4888-b967-13e1486efb9e","Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, 513–531.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.apa.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1037\u002F0003-066X.32.7.513",{"doi":1172},"10.1037\u002F0003-066x.32.7.513",{"id":1140,"text":1174,"url":1142,"identifiers":1175},"Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., Chen, E., & Matthews, K. A. (2010). Childhood socioeconomic status and adult health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186, 37–55.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1177,"url":1142,"identifiers":1178},"Crimmins, E. M., Hayward, M. D., & Saito, Y. (1994). Changing mortality and morbidity rates and the health status and life expectancy of the older population. Demography, 31, 159–175.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1180,"url":1142,"identifiers":1181},"Crimmins, E. M., Hayward, M. D., & Saito, Y. (1996). Differentials in active life expectancy in the older population of the United States. Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 51, 111–120.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1183,"url":1142,"identifiers":1184},"Crimmins, E. M., & Saito, Y. (2001). Trends in healthy life expectancy in the United States, 1970–1990: Gender, racial, and educational differences. Social Science & Medicine, 52, 1629–1641.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1186,"url":1142,"identifiers":1187},"Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., & Hole, D. (1998). Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study. British Medical Journal, 316, 1631–1635.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1189,"url":1142,"identifiers":1190},"Dunn, J. R., Burgess, B., & Ross, N. A. (2005). Income distribution, public services expenditures, and all cause mortality in U.S. states. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 768–774.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1192,"url":1142,"identifiers":1193},"Elo, I. T. (1998). Childhood conditions and adult health: Evidence from the health and retirement study (PARC Working Paper Series WPS 90–03). Philadelphia: Population Aging Research Center, University of Pennsylvania.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1195,"text":1196,"url":1197,"identifiers":1198},"5ec67498-3e69-4cfd-bf02-d23a808474ba","Evans, G. W. (2004). The environment of childhood poverty. American Psychologist, 59, 77–92.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.apa.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1037\u002F0003-066X.59.2.77",{"doi":1199},"10.1037\u002F0003-066x.59.2.77",{"id":1140,"text":1201,"url":1142,"identifiers":1202},"Finch, C. E., & Crimmins, E. M. (2004). Inflammatory exposure and historical changes in human life-spans. Science, 305, 1736–1739.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1204,"url":1142,"identifiers":1205},"Freedman, V. A., Martin, L. G., Schoeni, R. F., & Cornman, J. C. (2008). Declines in late-life disability: The role of early- and mid-life factors. Social Science & Medicine, 66, 1588–1602.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1207,"url":1142,"identifiers":1208},"Fries, J. F. (1980). Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity. The New England Journal of Medicine, 303, 130–135.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1210,"text":1211,"url":1212,"identifiers":1213},"824e8597-7145-4abd-aab4-765e97f41866","Gale, C. R., Martyn, C. N., Kellingray, S., Eastell, R., & Cooper, C. (2001). Intrauterine programming of adult body composition. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86, 267–272.","http:\u002F\u002Fpress.endocrine.org\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1210\u002Fjcem.86.1.7155",{"doi":1214},"10.1210\u002Fjc.86.1.267",{"id":1140,"text":1216,"url":1142,"identifiers":1217},"Glymour, M. M., Kawachi, I., Jencks, C. S., & Berkman, L. F. (2008). Does childhood schooling affect old age memory or mental status? Using state schooling laws as natural experiments. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 62, 532–537.",{"doi":1144},{"id":18,"text":1219,"url":18,"identifiers":1220},"Green, J. G., McLaughlin, K. A., Berglund, P. A., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: Associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 113–123.",{},{"id":1140,"text":1222,"url":1142,"identifiers":1223},"Gruenberg, E. M. (1977). The failure of success. The Milbank Quarterly, 83, 779–800.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1225,"url":1142,"identifiers":1226},"Guralnik, J. M., Butterworth, S., Wadsworth, M. E. J., & Kuh, D. (2006). Childhood socioeconomic status predicts physical functioning a half century later. Journals of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 61, 694–701.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1228,"url":1142,"identifiers":1229},"Haas, S. (2008). Trajectories of functional health: The “long arm” of childhood health and socioeconomic factors. Social Science & Medicine, 66, 849–861.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1231,"url":1142,"identifiers":1232},"Haas, S., & Rohlfsen, L. (2010). Life course determinants of racial and ethnic disparities in functional health trajectories. Social Science & Medicine, 70, 240–250.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1234,"text":1235,"url":1236,"identifiers":1237},"42ebc8f9-7d70-41ee-a6aa-d4fb5054f0c3","Haas, S. A. (2007). The long-term effects of poor childhood health: An assessment and application of retrospective reports. Demography, 44, 113–135.","https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle\u002F44\u002F1\u002F113\u002F170170\u002FThe-long-term-effects-of-poor-childhood-health-An",{"doi":1238},"10.1353\u002Fdem.2007.0003",{"id":1140,"text":1240,"url":1142,"identifiers":1241},"Haas, S. A., & Bishop, N. J. (2010). What do retrospective subjective reports of childhood health capture? Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Research on Aging, 32, 698–714.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1243,"url":1142,"identifiers":1244},"Haas, S. A., Glymour, M. M., & Berkman, L. F. (2011). Childhood health and labor market inequality over the life course. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52, 298–313.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1246,"url":1142,"identifiers":1247},"Hamil-Luker, J., & O’Rand, A. M. (2007). Gender differences in the link between childhood socioeconomic conditions and heart attack risk in adulthood. Demography, 44, 137–158.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1249,"text":1250,"url":1251,"identifiers":1252},"58106558-8e73-43d5-a9a7-4c3404d9be64","Hayward, M. D., & Gorman, B. K. (2004). The long arm of childhood: The influence of early-life social conditions on men’s mortality. Demography, 41, 87–107.","https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F41\u002F1\u002F87\u002F170291\u002FThe-long-arm-of-childhood-The-influence-of-early?redirectedFrom=fulltext",{"doi":1253},"10.1353\u002Fdem.2004.0005",{"id":18,"text":1255,"url":18,"identifiers":1256},"House, J. S., Lantz, P. M., & Herd, P. (2005). Continuity and change in the social stratification of aging and health over the life course: Evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal study from 1986 to 2001\u002F2002 (Americans’ Changing Lives Study). Journals of Gerontolology Series B, 60, S15–S26.",{},{"id":1140,"text":1258,"url":1142,"identifiers":1259},"House, J. S., Schoeni, R. F., Kaplan, G. A., & Pollack, H. (2008). The health effects of social and economic policy: The promise and challenge for research and policy. In R. F. Schoeni, J. S. House, G. A. Kaplan, & H. Pollack (Eds.), Making Americans healthier: Social and economic policy as health policy (pp. 1–26). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1261,"url":1142,"identifiers":1262},"HRS. (2008). Health and retirement study. Sample evolution: 1992–1998. Retrieved from http:\u002F\u002Fhrsonline.isr.umich.edu\u002Fsitedocs\u002Fsurveydesign.pdf",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1264,"url":1142,"identifiers":1265},"Hummer, R. A., & Lariscy, J. T. (2010). Educational attainment and adult mortality. In R. G. Rogers & E. M. Crimmins (Eds.), International handbook of adult mortality (pp. 241–261). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1267,"url":1142,"identifiers":1268},"Khlat, M., Jusot, F., & Ville, I. (2009). Social origins, early hardship and obesity: A strong association in women, but not in men? Social Science & Medicine, 68, 1692–1699.",{"doi":1144},{"id":18,"text":1270,"url":18,"identifiers":1271},"Kitagawa, E. M., & Hauser, P. M. (1973). Differential mortality in the United States: A study in socioeconomic epidemiology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.",{},{"id":1140,"text":1273,"url":1142,"identifiers":1274},"Krieger, N., Okamoto, A., & Selby, J. V. (1998). Adult female twins’ recall of childhood social class and father’s education: A validation study for public health research. American Journal of Public Health, 147, 704–708.",{"doi":1144},{"id":18,"text":1276,"url":18,"identifiers":1277},"Kuh, D., & Ben-Shlomo, Y. (2004). A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press Inc.",{},{"id":1140,"text":1279,"url":1142,"identifiers":1280},"Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, M., & Wadsworth, M. E. J. (2002). Mortality in adults aged 26–54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study. British Medical Journal, 325, 1076–1080.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1282,"url":1142,"identifiers":1283},"Link, B. G. (2008). Epidemiological sociology and the social shaping of population health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 49, 367–384.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1285,"url":1142,"identifiers":1286},"Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (1995). Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 80–94.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1288,"url":1142,"identifiers":1289},"Lleras-Muney, A. (2005). The relationship between education and adult mortality in the United States. Review of Economic Studies, 72, 189–221.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1291,"url":1142,"identifiers":1292},"Lochner, K., Hummer, R. A., Bartee, S., Wheatcroft, G., & Cox, C. (2008). The public-use national health interview survey linked mortality files: Methods of reidentification risk avoidance and comparative analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168, 336–344.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1294,"url":1142,"identifiers":1295},"Low, M. D., Low, B. J., Baumler, E. R., & Huynh, P. T. (2005). Can education policy be health policy? Implications of research on the social determinants of health. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 30, 1131–1162.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1297,"url":1142,"identifiers":1298},"Luo, Y., & Waite, L. J. (2005). The impact of childhood and adult SES on physical, mental, and cognitive well-being in later life. Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 60, 93–101.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1300,"url":1142,"identifiers":1301},"Maty, S. C., Lynch, J. W., Raghunathan, T. E., & Kaplan, G. A. (2008). Childhood socioeconomic position, gender, adult body mass index, and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus over 34 years in the Alameda County Study. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 1486–1494.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1303,"url":1142,"identifiers":1304},"McEwen, B. S. (1998). Stress, adaptation, and disease: Allostasis and allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 840, 33–44.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1306,"url":1142,"identifiers":1307},"Merrill, S. S., Seeman, T. E., Kasl, S. V., & Berkman, L. F. (1997). Gender differences in the comparison of self-reported disability and performance measures. Journals of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 52, 19–26.",{"doi":1144},{"id":18,"text":1309,"url":18,"identifiers":1310},"Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (1998). Education, personal control, lifestyle and health: A human capital hypothesis. Research on Aging, 20, 415–449.",{},{"id":1140,"text":1312,"url":1142,"identifiers":1313},"Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2003). Education, social status, and health. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1315,"url":1142,"identifiers":1316},"Montez, J. K., & Hayward, M. D. (2011). Early life conditions and later life mortality. In R. G. Rogers & E. M. Crimmins (Eds.), International handbook of adult mortality (pp. 187–206). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.",{"doi":1144},{"id":18,"text":1318,"url":1319,"identifiers":1320},"National Center for Health Statistics (NCHD). (2009). The National Health Interview Survey (1986–2004) linked mortality files, mortality follow-up through 2006: Matching methodology. Hyattsville, MD: NCHD. Retrieved from http:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fnchs\u002Fdata\u002Fdatalinkage\u002Fmatching_methodology_nhis_final.pdf","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002Fnchs\u002Fdata\u002Fdatalinkage\u002Fmatching_methodology_nhis_final.pdf",{},{"id":1140,"text":1322,"url":1142,"identifiers":1323},"Nusselder, W. J., Looman, C. W., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2006). The level and time course of disability: Trajectories of disability in adults and young elderly. Disability and Rehabilitation, 28, 1015–1026.",{"doi":1144},{"id":18,"text":1325,"url":18,"identifiers":1326},"RAND. (2011). RAND HRS Data, Version L [Produced by the RAND Center for the Study of Aging, with funding from the National Institute on Aging and the Social Security Administration]. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.",{},{"id":1328,"text":1329,"url":1330,"identifiers":1331},"e18a92e4-058f-4218-b8d1-1f2f3a6f5756","Ross, C. E., & Wu, C.-L. (1995). The links between education and health. American Sociological Review, 60, 719–745.","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F2096319?origin=crossref",{"doi":1332},"10.2307\u002F2096319",{"id":1140,"text":1334,"url":1142,"identifiers":1335},"Sameroff, A. J. (2000). Developmental systems and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 297–312.",{"doi":1144},{"id":18,"text":1337,"url":18,"identifiers":1338},"Smith, J. P. (2009). Reconstructing childhood health histories. Demography, 46, 387–403.",{},{"id":1140,"text":1340,"url":1142,"identifiers":1341},"Turrell, G., Lynch, J. W., Leite, C., Raghunathan, T., & Kaplan, G. A. (2007). Socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood and across the life course and all-cause mortality and physical function in adulthood: Evidence from the Alameda County Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61, 723–730.",{"doi":1144},{"id":18,"text":1343,"url":18,"identifiers":1344},"Ubel, P. (2006). You’re stronger than you think. Tapping into the secrets of emotionally resiliant people. New York: McGraw-Hill.",{},{"id":18,"text":1346,"url":18,"identifiers":1347},"Verbrugge, L. M., & Jette, A. M. (1994). The disablement process. Social Science & Medicine, 38, 1–14.",{},{"id":1140,"text":1349,"url":1142,"identifiers":1350},"Warner, D., & Hayward, M. D. (2006). Early life origins of the race gap in men’s mortality. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 47, 209–226.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1140,"text":1352,"url":1142,"identifiers":1353},"Warner, D. F., & Brown, T. H. (2011). Understanding how race\u002Fethnicity and gender define age-trajectories of disability: An intersectionality approach. Social Science & Medicine, 72, 1236–1248.",{"doi":1144},{"id":1355,"createTime":1356,"updateTime":1357,"relativeEntities":1358,"slug":1359,"properties":1360,"entityType":261,"verifyStatus":262,"verifyTime":1371,"verifyNote":264,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1372,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1373,"publicationType":308,"publisherRelationship":1413,"citationCount":1460,"citationInfo":1461,"publishDate":1464,"publishYear":1462,"citationAnalyzeStatus":943,"lastCitationAnalyze":1357,"indexDatabases":1465,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":489},"65f69e0a-b379-4815-8118-6fd9fecfcba2","2023-12-07T08:48:33.178+00:00","2026-07-18T03:06:09.539+00:00",[],"Earnings-relative-income-and-family-formation",{"abstract":1361,"title":1363,"gsPaper":1365,"references":1367,"doi":1369},{"EN":1362},"The probability of first marriage for men who graduated from Wisconsin high schools in 1957 was analyzed with respect to their Social Security earnings records, Wisconsin income tax reports for parents, and other variables. The findings provide no support for Easterlin's hypothesis that marriage will occur earlier when young men judge their economic prospects favorably with respect to their parents' income. However, young men's earnings and time spent in schooling to increase them were found to be important influences on marriage timing. Additional schooling had little effect net of the time it absorbed.",{"EN":1364},"Earnings, relative income, and family formation",{"VOID":1366},"[\"8244108355891673027\"]",{"VOID":1368},"Becker, G. S. 1973. A Theory of Marriage, Part I. Journal of Political Economy 81:813–846.\nBecker, G. S., E. Landes and R. Michael. 1977. An Economic Analysis of Marital Instability. Journal of Political Economy 85:1141–1187.\nButz, W. B. and M. P. Ward. 1977.The Emergence of Countercyclical U.S. Fertility. Rand Report Series, Rand Corporation.\nCrimmins-Gardner, E. and P. A. Ewer. 1978. Relative Status and Fertility. Pp.247–2600 in J. L. Simon (ed.), Research in Population Economics, Vol. 1. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI.\nDuncan, G.J. 1976. Unmarried Heads of Households and Marriage. In G. Duncan and J. Morgan (ed.), Five Thousand American Families: Patterns of Economic Progress. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.\nDuncan, O. D. and A. J. Reiss. 1956. Social Characteristics of Urban and Rural Communities:1950. New York: Wiley.\nEasterlin, R. A. 1962. The American Baby Boom in Historical Perspective. National Bureau of Economic Research, Occasional Paper 79, New York.\n—. 1966. On the Relation of Economic Factors to Recent and Projected Fertility Changes. Demography 3:131–153.\n—. 1973. Relative Economic Status and the American Fertility Swing. Pp. 170–223 in E. B. Sheldon (ed.), Family Economic Behavior. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.\n—. 1978. What Will1984 Be Like? Socioeconomic Implications of Recent Twists in Age Structure. Demography 15:397–432.\nEasterlin, R. A. and G. A. Condran. 1976. A Note on the Recent Fertility Swing in Australia, Canada, England and Wales, and the United States. Pp. 139–151 in H. Richards (ed.), Population, Factor Movements and Economic Development: Studies Presented to Brinley Thomas. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.\nEspenshade, T. J. 1973. The Cost of Children in Urban United States. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California.\nGoldberger, A. S. 1964. Econometric Theory, New York: Wiley.\nGoodman, JohnL., Jr. 1976. Is Ordinary Test Squares Estimation With a Dichotomous Dependent Variable Really That Bad? Urban Institute Working Paper 216–223. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.\nHanushek, E. A. and J. F. Jackson. 1977. Statistical Methods for Social Scientists. New York: Academic.\nHauser, Robert M. 1979. Earnings Trajectories of Young Men. Madison: University of Wisconsin. Center for Demography and Ecology Working Paper 79–24.\nKennedy, R. E. 1973. The Irish. Berkeley: University of California Press.\nLee, R. D. 1976. Demographic Forecasting and the Easterlin Hypothesis. Population and Development Review 2:459–468.\nLindert, P. H. 1978. Fertility and Scarcity in America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.\nMacDonald, M. M. and R. R. Rindfuss. 1978. Relative Economic Status and Fertility: Evidence from a Cross-Section. Pp.291–3088 in J. L. Simon (ed.), Research in Population Economics, Vol. 1. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI.\nMaCDonald, M. M. and R. R. Rindfuss. 1980. Earnings, Relative Income and Family Formation, Part I:Marriage. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Paper 615–80.\nOlneck, M. R. and B. L. Wolfe. 1978. A Note on Some Evidence on the Easterlin Hypothesis. Journal of Political Economy 86:953–958.\nReed, R. H. and S. Mcintosh. 1972. Costs of Children. Pp. 333–339 in E. R. Morss and R. Reed (eds.), Economic Aspects of Population Change: Vol. 2 of the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future Research Reports. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.\nRindfuss, R. R., L. L. Bumpass and C. St. John. 1980. Education and Fertility: Implications for the Roles Women Occupy. American Sociological Review 45:431–447.\nRindfuss, R. R. and M. M. MacDonald. 1980. Earnings, Relative Income and Family Formation, Part II: Fertility. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Paper 616-80.\nSewell, W. H. and R. M. Hauser. 1975. Education, Occupation, and Earnings. New York: Academic.\nSweet, J. A. 1973. Differentials in Remarriage Probabilities. Madison: University of Wisconsin. Center for Demography and Ecology Working Paper 73-29.\nThornton, A. 1978. The Relationship between Fertility and Income, Relative Income and Subjective Well-Being. Pp. 261–290 in J. L. Simon (ed.), Research in Population Economics, Vol.1. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI.\nVoss, Paul R. 1977. Social Determinants of Age at First Marriage in the United States. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America, April, St. Louis.\nWestoff, C. F. and L. L. Bumpass. 1973. The Revolution in Birth Control Practices of U.S. Roman Catholics. Science 179:41–44.\nWestoff, C. F. and L. Jones. 1977. The Secularization of U.S. Catholic Birth Control Practices. Family Planning Perspectives 9:203–207.\nWestoff, C. F. and E. F. Jones. 1979. The End of “Catholic” Fertility. Demography 16:209–218.\nWolf, W. C. and M. M. MacDonald. 1979. The Earnings of Men and Remarriage. Demography 16:389–400.",{"VOID":1370},"10.2307\u002F2061088","2024-06-23T18:36:44.660+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle\u002F18\u002F2\u002F123\u002F171696\u002FEarnings-Relative-Income-and-Family-Formation",[1374,1398],{"id":1375,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1376,"affiliations":1377,"properties":1395,"displayName":1397,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"fad1cb77-d87c-43fc-a3cc-92b4ef742264",[513],[1378,1386],{"id":1379,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1380,"properties":18},"c9ce1fb4-b48a-4ea1-99fb-2ac23d8c35a3",{"id":1379,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1381,"slug":18,"properties":1382,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1385,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1383},{"VI":1384},"Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin, Madison",[],{"id":1387,"sortIndex":292,"affiliation":1388,"properties":1394},"8d76ff5e-dee5-4e88-974d-fcb2c1214002",{"id":1387,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1389,"slug":18,"properties":1390,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1393,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1391},{"VI":1392},"School of Family Resources and Consumer Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison",[],{},{"title":1396},{"VI":1397},"Maurice M. 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study empirically investigates the relationship between the economic structure of populations and their level of fertility, using data from censuses recently conducted in some 50 nations. Findings show that high rates of female labor force participation outside the home and low rates of economic activity of children depress a society’s fertility level, as measured by the crude birth rate or the child-woman ratio. It is also hypothesized, but not confirmed, that the per cent of unpaid family workers in a society is positively related to its fertility level. A model is presented that treats these three components of economic structure as intervening variables through which the exogenous variables, urbanization, industrialization, and education, operate in influencing the fertility level of a society.",{"EN":1476},"Economic structure and fertility: A comparative analysis",{"VOID":1478},"[]",{"VOID":1480},"Blake, Judith. 1965. Demographic science and the redirection of population policy. Journal of Chronic Diseases 18:1181–1200.\nBlalock, Hubert M. 1964. Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.\nBlau, Peter M. and Otis D. Duncan. 1967. The American Occupational Structure. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.\nCollver, Andrew. 1968. Women’s work participation and fertility in metropolitan areas. Demography 5:55–60.\nDavis, Kingsley. 1967. Population policy: will current programs succeed? Science 158:730739.\nDuncan, Otis D. 1965. Farm background and differential fertility. Demography 2:240–249.\nFreedman, Ronald, et al, 1963. Current fertility expectations of married couples in the U. S. Population Index 29:366–391.\nGendell, Murray and Philip Kreitner. 1967. Fertility and economic activity of women in Guatemala City, 1964. Paper read at PAA meetings.\n—, et al. 1970. Fertility and economic activity of women in Guatemala City, 1964. Demography 7:273–286.\nGoldberg, David. 1959. The fertility of twogeneration urbanites. Population Studies 12:214–222.\nHawley, Amos. 1950. Human Ecology. New York: Ronald Press.\nHeer, David. 1964. Fertility differences between Indian and Spanish-speaking parts of Andean countries. Population Studies 18:71–84.\n—. and Elsa Turner. 1965. Areal differences in Latin American fertility. Population Studies 18:279–292.\nJaffe, A. J. and K. Azumi. 1960. The birth rate and cottage industries in underdeveloped countries. Economic Development and Cultural Change 9:52–63.\nRidley, Jeanne. 1968. Demographic change and the roles and status of women. The Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science 375:15–25.\nStycos, J. Mayone. 1965. Female employment and fertility in Lima, Peru. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 18:42–54.\n—. and Robert Weller. 1967. Female working roles and fertility. Demography 4:210–217.\nUnited Nations. 1962. Demographic Aspects of Manpower, Report 1: Sex and Age Patterns of Participation in Economic Activities. New York.\nWeeks, John R. 1967. Fertility and family structure: the Chilean case. Paper read at the Pacific Sociological Association meetings.\nWeller, Robert. 1968a. The employment of wives, dominance, and fertility. Journal of Marriage and The Family 30:437–442.\n—. 1968b. The employment of wives, role incompatibility, and fertility: a study among lower middle-class residents of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 46:507–526.",{"VOID":1482},"10.2307\u002F2060619","2024-06-25T05:16:39.740+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F8\u002F3\u002F307\u002F172173\u002FEconomic-structure-and-fertility-A-comparative?redirectedFrom=fulltext",[1486],{"id":1487,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1488,"affiliations":1489,"properties":1498,"displayName":1500,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"686be617-8492-454d-9a28-c6a1713bc769",[513],[1490],{"id":1491,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1492,"properties":18},"9d14cff5-fd8b-482d-9622-86cf2560c12a",{"id":1491,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1493,"slug":18,"properties":1494,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1497,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1495},{"VI":1496},"Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago",[],{"title":1499},{"VI":1500},"John D. Kasarda",{"url":1484,"publisher":1502,"properties":1543},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1503,"slug":10,"properties":1504,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1507,"manageAffiliations":1512,"indexDatabases":1523,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1538,"gsStatistic":18,"type":18,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1505,"title":1506},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[1508],{"id":22,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1509,"label":1510,"description":1511,"parentId":18,"standard":18,"scholarHubFieldId":18},[],{"EN":25},{},[1513,1518],{"id":29,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1514,"slug":18,"properties":1515,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1517,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1516},{"EN":15},[],{"id":35,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1519,"slug":18,"properties":1520,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1522,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1521},{"EN":39},[],[1524,1531],{"id":43,"indexDatabase":1525,"url":54,"indexYears":55,"academicFieldIds":1530,"indexDatabaseRanking":58},{"id":45,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1526,"label":1527,"description":1528,"key":51,"publicationTags":1529,"standard":18},[],{"EN":48,"VI":48},{"EN":48,"VI":50},[53],[57],{"id":60,"indexDatabase":1532,"url":73,"indexYears":18,"academicFieldIds":1537,"indexDatabaseRanking":18},{"id":62,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1533,"label":1534,"description":1535,"key":69,"publicationTags":1536,"standard":18},[],{"EN":65,"VI":65},{"EN":67,"VI":68},[71,72],[75],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1539,"i10Index":87,"i10IndexLast5Year":88,"totalPublication":89,"totalPublicationByYear":1540,"totalCitation":121,"totalCitationByYear":1541,"totalCitationPerPublication":178,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1542,"hindexLast5Year":143,"hindex":143},{"2012":78,"2013":79,"2014":80,"2015":80,"2016":81,"2017":82,"2018":83,"2019":84,"2020":85,"2021":84,"2022":86},{"1964":91,"1965":92,"1966":93,"1967":94,"1968":95,"1969":96,"1970":93,"1971":96,"1972":97,"1973":98,"1974":99,"1975":100,"1976":97,"1977":101,"1978":102,"1979":103,"1980":104,"1981":92,"1982":105,"1983":106,"1984":107,"1985":93,"1986":102,"1987":102,"1988":108,"1989":109,"1990":110,"1991":103,"1992":96,"1993":93,"1994":96,"1995":93,"1996":93,"1997":98,"1998":108,"1999":102,"2000":93,"2001":108,"2002":111,"2003":92,"2004":110,"2005":96,"2006":112,"2007":92,"2008":98,"2009":98,"2010":101,"2011":113,"2012":114,"2013":115,"2014":116,"2015":94,"2016":117,"2017":118,"2018":119,"2019":120,"2020":119},{"1964":123,"1965":124,"1966":125,"1967":126,"1968":127,"1969":128,"1970":129,"1971":130,"1972":131,"1973":132,"1974":133,"1975":134,"1976":135,"1977":136,"1978":137,"1979":138,"1980":139,"1981":140,"1982":141,"1983":142,"1984":143,"1985":144,"1986":145,"1987":146,"1988":147,"1989":148,"1990":149,"1991":94,"1992":150,"1993":151,"1994":152,"1995":153,"1996":154,"1997":155,"1998":156,"1999":157,"2000":158,"2001":159,"2002":160,"2003":161,"2004":162,"2005":163,"2006":164,"2007":165,"2008":166,"2009":167,"2010":168,"2011":169,"2012":144,"2013":170,"2014":171,"2015":172,"2016":173,"2017":174,"2018":175,"2019":176,"2020":177},{"1964":180,"1965":181,"1966":182,"1967":183,"1968":184,"1969":185,"1970":186,"1971":187,"1972":188,"1973":189,"1974":190,"1975":191,"1976":192,"1977":193,"1978":194,"1979":195,"1980":196,"1981":197,"1982":198,"1983":185,"1984":199,"1985":200,"1986":201,"1987":202,"1988":203,"1989":204,"1990":205,"1991":206,"1992":207,"1993":208,"1994":209,"1995":210,"1996":211,"1997":212,"1998":213,"1999":214,"2000":215,"2001":216,"2002":217,"2003":218,"2004":219,"2005":220,"2006":221,"2007":222,"2008":223,"2009":224,"2010":225,"2011":226,"2012":227,"2013":228,"2014":229,"2015":230,"2016":231,"2017":232,"2018":233,"2019":234,"2020":235},{"pages":1544,"volume":1546},{"VOID":1545},"307-317",{"VOID":601},"1971-08-01","ERROR_IN_GET_PLATFORM_ID",[71,58],{"id":1551,"createTime":1552,"updateTime":1553,"relativeEntities":1554,"slug":1555,"properties":1556,"entityType":261,"verifyStatus":262,"verifyTime":1568,"verifyNote":264,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1569,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1570,"publicationType":308,"publisherRelationship":1599,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":1641,"publishDate":1644,"publishYear":1642,"citationAnalyzeStatus":943,"lastCitationAnalyze":1645,"indexDatabases":1646,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":489},"1b2d0b09-8c77-4f8b-80f6-7e175a7dbd5f","2024-04-07T20:08:54.098+00:00","2026-07-14T04:59:35.445+00:00",[],"Changing-mortality-patterns-that-led-life-expectancy-in-Japan-to-surpass-Sweden-s-1972-1982",{"abstract":1557,"title":1559,"gsPaper":1561,"keywords":1563,"references":1564,"doi":1566},{"EN":1558},"Between 1972 and 1982, Japan caught up to and then surpassed Sweden as the country with the longest life expectancy. The contributions of different causes of death and age groups to life expectancy changes in males during this time period are examined in detail for these two countries. Even though cerebrovascular disease mortality rates remained lower in Sweden over the entire interval, the rapid gain made by Japan relative to Sweden for this cause of death was a prime factor in Japan’s ending the period with a higher life expectancy. Important contributions to life expectancy improvement in Japan came from declining mortality rates in those aged 55 and older.",{"EN":1560},"Changing mortality patterns that led life expectancy in Japan to surpass Sweden’s: 1972–1982",{"VOID":1562},"[\"10463500017418169724\"]",{"EN":846},{"VOID":1565},"Arriaga, E. E. 1984. Measuring and explaining the change in life expectancies. Demography 21:83–96.\nArriaga, E. E. 1985. Changing Trend in Mortality Decline During the Last Decade. Paper presented at the International Population Conference, Tokyo.\nBourgeois-Pichat, L. 1985. Recent changes in mortality in industrialized countries. Pp. 507–539 in J. Vallin and A. D. Lopez (eds.), Health Policy, Social Policy and Mortality Prospects. Liege, Belgium: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.\nBreslow, L. 1985. The cause of cardiovascular diseases. Pp. 197–216 in J. Vallin and A. D. Lopez (eds.), Health Policy, Social Policy and Mortality Prospects. Liege, Belgium: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.\nBrouard, N., and A. Lopez. 1986. Cause of death pattern in low mortality countries: A classification analysis. Pp. 385–406 in International Population Conference, Florence, 1985. Liege, Belgium: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population.\nCaselli, G., and V. Egidi. 1981. New Trends in European Mortality, Population Studies, No.5. Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe.\nIsrael, R. A., H. M. Rosenberg, and L. R. Curtin. 1986. Analytical potential for multiple cause-of-death data. American Journal of Epidemiology 134:161–179.\nJapan Health and Welfare Statistics Association. 1976. Shibo. Kosei no Shihyo 23:63–83.\n— 1983. Kokumin Eiseino Doko. Kosei no Shihyo 30:55–73.\nJapan Statistics and Information Department. 1974. 1972 Abridged Life Table. Tokyo: Ministry of Health and Welfare.\n— 1978. 1977 Abridged Life Table. Tokyo: Ministry of Health and Welfare.\n— 1983. 1982 Abridged Life Table. Tokyo: Ministry of Health and Welfare.\nKobayashi, K. 1967. Mortality. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu 100:82–114.\nKomachi, Y. 1971. Geographic and occupational comparisons of risk factors in cardiovascular diseases in Japan. Japan Circulatory Journal 35:189–207.\nManton, K. G. 1982a. Temporal trends in U.S. multiple cause of death mortality data: 1968 to 1977. Demography 19:527–547.\n— 1982b. Changing concept of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. MilbankMemorial Fund Quarterly 60:183–244.\nMatsuzaki, T. 1984. Jumyo. Tokyo: Joshieiyo Daigaku Shuppan.\nOfficial Statistics of Sweden. 1974. 1972 Befolkningsforandningar. Stockholm: National Central Bureau of Statistics.\n— 1978. 1977 Befolkningsforandningar. Stockholm: National Central Bureau of Statistics.\n— 1983. 1982 Befolkningsforandningar. Stockholm: National Central Bureau of Statistics.\nOhno, Y. 1985. Health development in Japan: Determinants, implication and perspectives. World Health Statistics Quarterly 38:176–192.\nOmran, A. R. 1971. The epidemiologic transition: A theory of the epidemiology of population change. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 49:509–538.\nPollard, J. H. 1982. The expectation of life and its relationship to mortality. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 109: 225–240.\nTakahashi, S. 1982. Cause of death and age pattern of mortality in Japan since 1950. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu 165: 43–53.\n— 1984. A comparative study for the cause structure of mortality between the Japanese and the U.S. white American. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu 171:53–66.\nTanaka, H., Y. Tanaka, Y. Hayashi, Y. Ueda, C. Date, T. Baba, and H. Shoji. 1982. Secular trends in mortality for cerebrovascular diseases in Japan, 1960 to 1979. Stroke 13:574–581.\nUemura, K., and Z. Pisa. 1985. Recent trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in 27 industrialized countries. World Health Statistics Quarterly 38:142–149.\nUeshima, H., K. Tatara, S. Asakura, and M. Okamoto. 1987. Declining trends in blood pressure level and the prevalence of hypertension and changes in related factors in Japan, 1956-1980. Journal Chronic Diseases 40: 137–147.\nUnited Nations. 1959. 1957 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations.\n— 1974. 1972 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations.\n— 1982. 1980Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations.\nWorld Health Organization. 1967. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (8th rev. ed.; Vol. 1). Geneva: World Health Organization.\n— 1975. 1972 World Health Statistics Annual (Vol. 1). Geneva: World Health Organization.\n— 1977. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death(9th rev. ed.; Vol. 1). Geneva: World Health Organization.\n— 1979. 1977 World Health Statistics Annual (Vol. 1). Geneva: World Health Organization.\n— 1984. 1982 World Health Statistics Annual (Vol. 1). Geneva: World Health Organization.",{"VOID":1567},"10.2307\u002F2061325","2024-05-15T03:02:20.852+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fread.dukeupress.edu\u002Fdemography\u002Farticle-abstract\u002F25\u002F4\u002F611\u002F171234\u002FChanging-mortality-patterns-that-led-life?redirectedFrom=fulltext",[1571,1586],{"id":1572,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1573,"affiliations":1574,"properties":1583,"displayName":1585,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"e75f32da-3fdf-417d-b358-47e23956fe1f",[513],[1575],{"id":1576,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1577,"properties":18},"db388880-0e83-4956-84d4-8199337a3249",{"id":1576,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1578,"slug":18,"properties":1579,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1582,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1580},{"VI":1581},"Epidemiology, Biometry, and Demography Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda",[],{"title":1584},{"VI":1585},"Machiko Yanagishita",{"id":1587,"sortIndex":292,"researcher":18,"roles":1588,"affiliations":1589,"properties":1596,"displayName":1598,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"866b260f-6bbb-48d6-b081-fa1240f1e437",[513],[1590],{"id":1576,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1591,"properties":18},{"id":1576,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1592,"slug":18,"properties":1593,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1595,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1594},{"VI":1581},[],{"title":1597},{"VI":1598},"Jack M. 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