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Fuhrer A. Vincenz I. Drug, HIV, and hepatitis prevention in the Realta Cantonal Men's prison: summary of the evaluation. 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A review, Drug Alcohol Rev, 14, 291, 10.1080\u002F09595239500185381",{"doi":962},"10.1080\u002F09595239500185381",{"id":24,"text":964,"url":24,"identifiers":965},"Fischer, 1995, Drugs, communities, and ‘harm reduction’ in Germany: the new relevance of ‘public health’ principles in local responses, J Public Health Policy, 1, 389, 10.2307\u002F3342618",{"doi":966},"10.2307\u002F3342618",{"id":24,"text":968,"url":24,"identifiers":969},"Somaini, 2000, A continuing concern: HIV and hepatitis testing and prevalence among drug users in substitution programmes in Zurich, Switzerland, AIDS Care, 12, 449, 10.1080\u002F09540120050123855",{"doi":970},"10.1080\u002F09540120050123855",{"id":24,"text":972,"url":24,"identifiers":973},"Jarlais, 2004, Informed altruism’ and ‘partner restriction’ in the reduction of HIV infection in injecting drug users entering detoxification treatment in New York City, 1990-2001, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 35, 158",{},{"id":24,"text":975,"url":24,"identifiers":976},"Kumaranayake, 2004, The cost-effectiveness of HIV preventive measures among injecting drug users in Svetlogorsk, Belarus, Addiction, 99, 1565, 10.1111\u002Fj.1360-0443.2004.00899.x",{"doi":977},"10.1111\u002Fj.1360-0443.2004.00899.x",{"id":24,"text":979,"url":24,"identifiers":980},"Hagan, 1999, Syringe exchange and risk of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses, Am J Epidemiol, 149, 203, 10.1093\u002Foxfordjournals.aje.a009792",{"doi":981},"10.1093\u002Foxfordjournals.aje.a009792",{"id":24,"text":983,"url":24,"identifiers":984},"Crofts, 1997, Methadone maintenance and hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users, Addiction, 92, 99, 10.1111\u002Fj.1360-0443.1997.tb02979.x",{"doi":985},"10.1111\u002Fj.1360-0443.1997.tb02979.x",{"id":24,"text":987,"url":24,"identifiers":988},"Crofts, 1999, The force of numbers: why hepatitis C is spreading among Australian injecting drug users while HIV is not, Med J Aust, 170, 220, 10.5694\u002Fj.1326-5377.1999.tb140325.x",{"doi":989},"10.5694\u002Fj.1326-5377.1999.tb140325.x",{"id":24,"text":991,"url":24,"identifiers":992},"Patrick, 2001, Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users during an outbreak of HIV infection, Can Med Assoc J, 165, 889",{},{"id":24,"text":994,"url":24,"identifiers":995},"Bergeron, 2004, Europeanisation of health policies: issues, challenges, innovations",{},{"id":24,"text":997,"url":24,"identifiers":998},"Bergeron, 2006, Drugs: policy and politics",{},false,{"id":1001,"createTime":1002,"updateTime":1002,"relativeEntities":1003,"slug":1004,"properties":1005,"entityType":149,"verifyStatus":150,"verifyTime":1002,"verifyNote":152,"syncStatus":23,"languages":1019,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":1020,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":1021,"publicationType":230,"publisherRelationship":1077,"citationCount":1115,"citationInfo":1116,"publishDate":1129,"publishYear":1130,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":1131,"isForceReanalyzing":999},"4a7018cc-1f28-4859-a05a-a1ef9f24766e","2024-10-08T23:42:29.871+00:00",[],"Imaging-stress-and-cue-induced-drug-and-alcohol-craving-association-with-relapse-and-clinical-implications",{"mag":1006,"keywords":1008,"openalex":1009,"abstract":1011,"title":1013,"pm":1015,"doi":1017},{"VOID":1007},"2133559478",{},{"VOID":1010},"W2133559478",{"EN":1012},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Stress‐ and drug‐related cues are major factors contributing to high rates of relapse in addictive disorders. Brain imaging studies have begun to identify neural correlates of stress and drug cue‐induced craving states. Findings indicate considerable overlap in neural circuits involved in processing stress and drug cues with activity in the corticostriatal limbic circuitry underlying both affective and reward processing. More recent efforts have begun to identify the relationships between neural activity during stress and drug cue exposure and drug relapse outcomes. Findings suggest medial prefrontal, anterior and posterior cingulate, striatal and posterior insula regions to be associated with relapse outcomes. Altered function in these brain regions is associated with stress‐induced and drug cue‐induced craving states and an increased susceptibility to relapse. Such alterations can serve as markers to identify relapse propensity and a more severe course of addiction. Efficacy of pharmacological and behavioral treatments that specifically target stress and cue‐induced craving and arousal responses may also be assessed via alterations in these brain correlates.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1014},"Imaging stress‐ and cue‐induced drug and alcohol craving: association with relapse and clinical implications",{"VOID":1016},"17364833",{"VOID":1018},"10.1080\u002F09595230601036960",[154],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1080\u002F09595230601036960",[1022,1054],{"id":1023,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":1024,"affiliations":1025,"properties":1047},"65a3e4bc-d1a0-471f-8b73-22b8a3521854",[],[1026,1036],{"id":1027,"sortIndex":111,"affiliation":1028,"properties":24},"83c524e9-5cb9-4338-85fa-086f2336382e",{"id":1029,"createTime":1030,"updateTime":1030,"relativeEntities":1031,"slug":1032,"properties":1033,"entityType":52,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"c1eb4c42-873c-492b-8a04-e5261fe646b1","2024-10-08T23:42:29.890+00:00",[],"Rajita-Sinha-PhD-Professor-of-Psychiatry-Director-Research-Program-on-Stress-Addiction-and-Psychopathology-and-C-S-R-Li-MD-PhD-Department-of-Psychiatry-Yale-University-School-of-Medicine-New-Haven-Connecticut-USA-",{"title":1034},{"EN":1035},"Rajita Sinha, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry, Director, Research Program on Stress, Addiction and Psychopathology, and C.-S. 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It remains unclear, however, whether this relationship follows a continuous dose–response pattern or has a threshold. Also, the influences of sex and end‐point (i.e. mortality vs. morbidity) on the association are not known. To address these questions and to provide a quantitative assessment of the association between alcohol intake and risk of liver cirrhosis, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort and case–control studies. \u003Cjats:bold>Design and Methods.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Studies were identified by a literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ETOH and Google Scholar from January 1980 to January 2008 and by searching the references of retrieved articles. Studies were included if quantifiable information on risk and related confidence intervals with respect to at least three different levels of average alcohol intake were reported. Both categorical and continuous meta‐analytic techniques were used to model the dose–response relationship. \u003Cjats:bold>Results.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. We found some indications for threshold effects. Alcohol consumption had a significantly larger impact on mortality of liver cirrhosis compared with morbidity. Also, the same amount of average consumption was related to a higher risk of liver cirrhosis in women than in men. \u003Cjats:bold>Discussion and Conclusions.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Overall, end‐point was an important source of heterogeneity among study results. This result has important implications not only for studies in which the burden of disease attributable to alcohol consumption is estimated, but also for prevention\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>. [Rehm J, Taylor B, Mohapatra S, Irving H, Baliunas D, Patra J, Roerecke M. 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bulks up for liquor war with arch rival Woolworths The Australian 3 August2011. Available at:http:\u002F\u002Fwww.theaustralian.com.au\u002Fbusiness\u002Fcompanies\u002Fcoles‐bulks‐up‐for‐liquor‐war‐with‐arch‐rival‐woolworths\u002Fstory‐fn91v9q3‐1226107017132(accessed 14 December 2012).",{},{"id":24,"text":2486,"url":24,"identifiers":2487},"10.1080\u002F14443058.2010.541474",{"doi":2486},{"id":24,"text":2489,"url":24,"identifiers":2490},"Jones E, 2005, Liquor retailing and the Woolworths\u002FColes juggernaut, J Aust Polit Econ, 55, 23",{},{"id":24,"text":2492,"url":24,"identifiers":2493},"10.1111\u002Fj.1360-0443.2010.03331.x",{"doi":2492},{"id":24,"text":2495,"url":24,"identifiers":2496},"LaneS.Rudd takes aim at binge drinking ‘epidemic’ 2008. Available at:http:\u002F\u002Fwww.abc.net.au\u002Fnews\u002Fstories\u002F2008\u002F02\u002F20\u002F2167799.htm(accessed 14 December 2012).",{},{"id":2498,"createTime":2499,"updateTime":2499,"relativeEntities":2500,"slug":2501,"properties":2502,"entityType":149,"verifyStatus":150,"verifyTime":2499,"verifyNote":152,"syncStatus":23,"languages":2516,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":2517,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":2518,"publicationType":230,"publisherRelationship":2575,"citationCount":2612,"citationInfo":2613,"publishDate":2619,"publishYear":2620,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":2621,"isForceReanalyzing":999},"96e191ca-43fc-4d37-b9f9-022cb8741047","2024-10-09T19:44:36.906+00:00",[],"-Off-your-Face-book-Alcohol-in-online-social-identity-construction-and-its-relation-to-problem-drinking-in-university-students",{"mag":2503,"keywords":2505,"openalex":2506,"abstract":2508,"title":2510,"pm":2512,"doi":2514},{"VOID":2504},"1881734399",{},{"VOID":2507},"W1881734399",{"EN":2509},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Introduction and Aims.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>Alcohol is a key component of identity exploration for many young people, yet few studies have investigated identity construction in relation to problematic drinking. Increases in youth alcohol consumption have coincided with expanding use of communications technologies, particularly social networking sites (SNS), which have altered traditional conditions of identity construction. It has been found young people often engage with alcohol in the SNS environment by portraying themselves as binge drinkers. The current study applied an innovative approach to identity construction (the photographic essay) to provide insight into the portrayal of ‘alcohol‐identity’ on Facebook.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Design and Methods.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>One hundred and fifty‐eight university students completed a range of alcohol measures before providing access for researchers to view their Facebook profiles to operationalise their alcohol‐identity according to autophotographic methodology.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Results.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>Participants utilised a variety of photographic and textual material to present alcohol as a component of their identity on Facebook, with over half having selected an alcohol‐related profile image. Alcohol‐identity predicted alcohol consumption and problematic alcohol‐related behaviours as measured by questionnaires used to reliably identify alcohol‐related problems in university students. Almost 60% reported potentially problematic alcohol use according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Discussion and Conclusions.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>Findings suggest that portraying oneself as a drinker is considered by many young people to be a socially desirable component of identity in the SNS environment, perpetuating an online culture that normalises binge drinking. Ready‐made Facebook photo essays provide an alternate method of accessing problematic alcohol use, supplementing self‐report measures.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>[Ridout B, Campbell A, Ellis L. ‘Off your Face(book)’: Alcohol in online social identity construction and its relation to problem drinking in university students. \u003Cjats:italic>Drug Alcohol Rev\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> 2012;31:20–26]\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2511},"‘Off your Face(book)’: Alcohol in online social identity construction and its relation to problem drinking in university students",{"VOID":2513},"21355935",{"VOID":2515},"10.1111\u002Fj.1465-3362.2010.00277.x",[154],"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1465-3362.2010.00277.x",[2519,2541,2558],{"id":2520,"sortIndex":25,"researcher":24,"roles":2521,"affiliations":2522,"properties":2534},"b22c1684-a97a-4769-9338-2e540225743b",[],[2523],{"id":2524,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2525,"properties":24},"1e6ecf7a-1cd4-4049-b528-8c66135d1c37",{"id":2526,"createTime":2527,"updateTime":2528,"relativeEntities":2529,"slug":2530,"properties":2531,"entityType":52,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},"af50d1b3-87ca-41b7-8056-77d2086c10fe","2023-12-15T02:18:33.661+00:00","2024-10-09T19:44:36.925+00:00",[],"Faculty-of-Health-Sciences-The-University-of-Sydney-Sydney-Australia",{"title":2532},{"VI":2533},"Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia",{"openalex":2535,"orcid":2537,"title":2539},{"VOID":2536},"A5032488054",{"VOID":2538},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-8067-0490",{"EN":2540},"Brad Ridout",{"id":2542,"sortIndex":112,"researcher":24,"roles":2543,"affiliations":2544,"properties":2551},"48b45021-abdc-4088-aaa4-ba1ebcaa10fa",[],[2545],{"id":2546,"sortIndex":25,"affiliation":2547,"properties":24},"14aeaf30-5c84-4427-a9dd-f39ac4e51f4e",{"id":2526,"createTime":2527,"updateTime":2528,"relativeEntities":2548,"slug":2530,"properties":2549,"entityType":52,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":24,"verifyNote":24,"syncStatus":23,"languages":24,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25},[],{"title":2550},{"VI":2533},{"openalex":2552,"orcid":2554,"title":2556},{"VOID":2553},"A5029981006",{"VOID":2555},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-6902-4578",{"EN":2557},"Louise A. 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University drug and alcohol survey2001: initial report. Sydney: NSW Health 2001.",{},{"id":24,"text":2727,"url":24,"identifiers":2728},"Davey JD, 2002, Alcohol consumption and drug use in a sample of Australian university students, Youth Stud Aust, 21, 26",{},{"id":24,"text":2730,"url":24,"identifiers":2731},"10.1111\u002Fj.1530-0277.1995.tb00980.x",{"doi":2730},{"id":24,"text":2733,"url":24,"identifiers":2734},"Strano MM, 2008, User descriptions and interpretations of self‐presentation through Facebook profile images, Cyberpsychol: J Psychosoc Res Cyberspace",{},{"id":24,"text":2736,"url":24,"identifiers":2737},"Miller WR, 2002, Motivational interviewing: preparing people to change behaviour",{},{"id":24,"text":2739,"url":24,"identifiers":2740},"10.1177\u002F0743558405274890",{"doi":2739},{"id":24,"text":2742,"url":24,"identifiers":2743},"10.1016\u002F0306-4603(90)90012-M",{"doi":2742},{"id":2745,"createTime":2746,"updateTime":2746,"relativeEntities":2747,"slug":2748,"properties":2749,"entityType":149,"verifyStatus":150,"verifyTime":2763,"verifyNote":152,"syncStatus":23,"languages":2764,"translateLanguages":24,"viewCount":25,"primaryUrl":2765,"fullTextUrl":24,"authors":2766,"publicationType":230,"publisherRelationship":2847,"citationCount":2616,"citationInfo":2883,"publishDate":2885,"publishYear":2430,"citationAnalyzeStatus":23,"lastCitationAnalyze":24,"indexDatabases":24,"openAccess":24,"references":2886,"isForceReanalyzing":999},"fce63250-c359-4ffd-b0ef-1b63ce85cb69","2024-10-14T19:08:45.006+00:00",[],"Gender-differences-in-the-long-term-outcome-of-alcohol-dependence-treatments-An-analysis-of-twenty-year-prospective-follow-up",{"mag":2750,"keywords":2752,"openalex":2753,"abstract":2755,"title":2757,"pm":2759,"doi":2761},{"VOID":2751},"2160334226",{},{"VOID":2754},"W2160334226",{"EN":2756},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Introduction and Aims\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Women are underrepresented in long‐term studies of alcohol dependence. While gender differences in drinking behaviour have been observed when starting treatment, very few studies have investigated gender differences in long‐term drinking outcomes. This paper evaluates gender differences in the long‐term outcome of patients treated for alcohol dependence.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Design and Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>A cohort of 850 outpatients (19% women, age 39 \u003Cjats:italic>±\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> 9 years) treated for alcohol dependence in specialist centres of \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>atalonia (\u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>pain) were followed up prospectively for 20 years. Covariance analysis was used to assess gender differences at 1, 5, 10 and 20 years in drinking behaviour, psychosocial stress and social functioning (\u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>xes 4 and 5 of \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>iagnostic and \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>tatistical \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>anual of \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>ental \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>isorders, \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>hird \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>dition, \u003Cjats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R\u003C\u002Fjats:styled-content>evised). We evaluated gender differences in drinking trajectories using a multilevel model controlling for basal differences.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Women started treatment earlier in their drinking career, with more symptoms of dependence. In the first year they remained in treatment longer and had more clinic visits. Women presented lower alcohol consumption than men at baseline, 5 and 10 years, and similar levels of stress and psychosocial functioning. When basal alcohol consumption, length of treatment and employment were controlled, female gender predicted less drinking at year 1 and a drinking trajectory closer to abstinence between 1 and 20 years.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Discussion and Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Increased severity of alcohol dependence in women starting treatment was not associated with a worse prognosis. Women did better while under treatment and achieved a better long‐term drinking outcome. Gender differences were not relevant concerning psychosocial stress and social functioning. \u003Cjats:italic>[Fabián Bravo, Antoni Gual, Anna Lligoña, Joan Colom. Gender differences in the long‐term outcome of alcohol dependence treatments: An analysis of twenty‐year prospective follow up.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> Drug Alcohol Rev \u003Cjats:italic>2013;32:381–388]\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\n\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2758},"Gender differences in the long‐term outcome of alcohol dependence treatments: An analysis of twenty‐year prospective follow 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and Aims.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>A study was undertaken to verify reports of an increasing presence of crack in downtown Montréal, and to investigate the influence of crack availability on current drug use patterns among street‐based cocaine users.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Design and Methods.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>The study combined both qualitative and quantitative methods. These included long‐term intensive participant observation carried out by an ethnographer familiar with the field and a survey. The ethnographic component involved observations and unstructured interviews with 64 street‐based cocaine users. Sampling was based on a combination of snowballing and purposeful recruitment methods. For the survey, structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 387 cocaine users attending HIV\u002FHCV prevention programs, downtown Montréal.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Results.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>A gradual shift has occurred in the last 10 years, with the crack street market overtaking the powder cocaine street market. Although the data pointed to an increase in crack smoking, 54.5% of survey participants both smoked and injected cocaine. Drug market forces were major contributing factors to the observed modes of cocaine consumption. While the study focused primarily on cocaine users, it became apparent from the ethnographic fieldwork that prescription opioids (POs) were very present on the streets. According to the survey, 52.7% of participants consumed opioids, essentially POs, with 88% of them injecting these drugs.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Discussion and Conclusions.\u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>Despite the increased availability of crack, injection is still present among cocaine users due at least in part to the concurrent increasing popularity of POs.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic>[Roy E, Arruda N, Vaillancourt E, Boivin J‐F, Morissette C, Leclerc P, Alary M, Bourgois P. 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(Agence de la santé publique du Canada).I‐Track—Surveillance améliorée des comportements à risque chez les utilisateurs de drogues injectables au Canada—Rapport sur l'enquête pilote.2004. Available at:http:\u002F\u002Fwww.phac‐aspc.gc.ca\u002Fi‐track\u002Findex‐psr‐rep04‐fra.php(accessed November 2008).",{},{"id":24,"text":3215,"url":24,"identifiers":3216},"ParentR AlaryM MorissetteC RoyÉ LeclercP.Surveillance des maladies infectieuses chez les utilisateurs de drogue par injection—Épidémiologie du VIH de 1995 à 2007—Épidémiologie du VHC de 2003 à 2007. Institut national de santé publique du Québec.2008. Available at:http:\u002F\u002Fwww.inspq.qc.ca\u002Fpublications\u002Fnotice.asp?E=p&NumPublication=855(accessed February 2009).",{},{"id":24,"text":3218,"url":24,"identifiers":3219},"ASPC (Agence de la santé publique du Canada).I‐Track—Surveillance améliorée des comportements à risque chez les utilisateurs de drogues injectables au Canada—Rapport sur la phase I.2006. 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