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other provinces and regions in Vietnam and other country.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Address\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Headquarters of Can Tho Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, located Scientific Research and International Cooperation Office: 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street, An Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Ngày 16\u002F7\u002F2015, Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ được cấp chỉ số quốc tế: ISSN 2354-1210.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Từ tháng 4\u002F2016, Tạp chí đã được Hội đồng Giáo sư ngành Y đưa vào danh sách các tạp chí khoa học Y học được tính điểm công trình 0-0,5 điểm cho một bài báo đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Năm 2020 Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ đã được phê duyệt vào danh mục của các Hội đồng Giáo sư ngành Dược học được tính điểm công trình 0-0,5 điểm cho một bài báo đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ ra 12 số\u002Fnăm, 180-200 trang\u002Fsố.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Từ tháng 12\u002F2022 Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ là thành viên của hệ thống Crossref và từ tháng 01\u002F2023 tạp chí thực hiện bình duyệt online kín 2 chiều nhằm tăng tính minh bạch, tin cậy của các công trình nghiên cứu khoa học và đảm bảo tốt nhất chất lượng khoa học của bài viết.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tôn chỉ, mục đích và phạm vi của tạp chí\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tôn chỉ và mục đích hoạt động của tạp chí: xuất bản nhằm mục đích phổ biến kết quả từ các đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học; giao lưu trao đổi khoa học, chia sẻ kinh nghiệm, học tập, đồng thời cập nhật thông tin khoa học mới trong các lĩnh vực y, sinh, dược học trong và ngoài nước.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Phạm vi của tạp chí: Tạp chí xuất bản được chia thành 3 chuyên mục: (i) Bài báo nghiên cứu khoa học là kết quả công trình nghiên cứu khoa học có giá trị đã được triển khai nghiên cứu, (ii) Bài tổng quan y, sinh, dược học: phục vụ mục tiêu đào tạo liên tục trong lĩnh vực y, sinh, dược học; nhằm hệ thống hóa những kiến thức kinh điển và hiện đại; (iii) Thông tin cập nhật kiến thức mới về y, sinh, dược học trong nước và trên thế giới.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Chính sách truy cập mở\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ áp dụng chính sách truy cập mở đối với các bài báo đã xuất bản đến với độc giả, nhằm mở rộng cơ hội tiếp cận các kết quả nghiên cứu chất lượng cao và tăng cường trao đổi kiến thức. Tạp chí đăng tải trực tuyến (miễn phí) toàn văn các bài báo được công bố trên website của Tạp chí (https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đạo đức xuất bản\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ cam kết tuân thủ đạo đức xuất bản phù hợp với các hướng dẫn và tiêu chuẩn của the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), tuân thủ các nguyên tắc của COPE’s Core Practices, Best Practices Guidelines for Journal Editors và Guidelines on Good Publication Practices.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Bản thảo bài báo chỉ được chấp nhận khi được tác giả chịu trách nhiệm chính cam kết các nội dung sau: Các nội dung của bản thảo chưa được đăng tải toàn bộ hoặc một phần ở các tạp chí khác; Tất cả các tác giả đều có đóng góp một cách đáng kể vào quá trình nghiên cứu hoặc chuẩn bị bản thảo và cùng chịu trách nhiệm về các nội dung của bản thảo; Tuân thủ các biện pháp đảm bảo đạo đức nghiên cứu (ví dụ thỏa thuận đồng ý tham gia nghiên cứu).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Cam kết bảo mật\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí cam kết thực hiện và tuân thủ các quy định của luật và các văn bản hướng dẫn liên quan đến bảo mật thông tin cá nhân trên không gian mạng. Các thông tin mà người dùng (tác giả, độc giả, biên tập viên, người phản biện) nhập vào các biểu mẫu trên Hệ thống Quản lý xuất bản trực tuyến của tạp chí chỉ được sử dụng vào các mục đích đã được tuyên bố rõ ràng và sẽ không được cung cấp cho bất kỳ bên thứ ba nào khác, hay dùng vào bất kỳ mục đích nào khác.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Phí gửi bài\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Lệ phí gửi đăng bài: 1.000.000đ\u002Fbài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Lệ phí gửi đăng nhanh: 1.500.000đ\u002Fbài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đối với tác giả là cán bộ viên chức thuộc Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ thì được hỗ trợ 50% lệ phí gửi đăng bài.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Đối với sinh viên thực hiện đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học cấp trường được hỗ trợ 100% lệ phí đăng bài ( Tác giả gửi đính kèm “ Quyết định về việc giao tổ chức thực hiện đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học cấp Trường của sinh viên”).\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Hình thức nộp lệ phí:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Tiền mặt:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Nộp trực tiếp tại Phòng Tài chính - Kế toán, Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ, số 179 Nguyễn Văn Cừ, P. An Khánh, Q. Ninh Kiều, thành phố Cần Thơ.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Chuyển khoản:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tên Tài khoản: Trường ĐHYD Cần Thơ, Số TK: 0111000115668, tại ngân hàng Vietcombank chi nhánh Cần Thơ.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Thời gian: Áp dụng từ ngày 01\u002F02\u002F2023.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">* Phí gửi bài không được hoàn trả khi bài viết bị từ chối hoặc tác giả xin rút bài viết.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Quy trình phản biện bài báo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ thực hiện quy trình phản biện kín hai chiều nghiêm ngặt. Danh tính của những người phản biện không được tiết lộ cho các tác giả và ngược lại. Quy trình thẩm định bài báo đăng gồm các bước sau:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tiếp nhận bản thảo\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Tác giả liên hệ gửi bản thảo đến Tạp chí qua hệ thống trực tuyến tại website: https:\u002F\u002Ftapchi.ctump.edu.vn. Hướng dẫn về cách đăng ký, gửi bài và chuẩn bị bản thảo được cung cấp trên website của Tạp chí.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Sàng lọc sơ bộ\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Sau khi Tòa soạn nhận được bài báo của tác giả, Ban Thư ký sẽ tiến hành kiểm tra sơ bộ bài báo (các yêu cầu về nội dung và hình thức). Những bài báo không đúng quy cách hoặc có nội dung không phù hợp hoặc vi phạm bản quyền sẽ bị từ chối (Ban Thư ký thông báo phản hồi đến tác giả trong vòng 1 tuần). Những bài báo đủ điều kiện, được Ban Thư ký tòa soạn chuyển đến Ban Biên tập có cùng chuyên môn với nội dung bài báo để đề xuất người phản biện. Thời gian kể từ khi Ban Biên tập nhận bài báo đến khi đề xuất người phản biện bài báo chậm nhất là 5 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Vòng phản biện\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Ban Thư ký gửi bài và yêu cầu phản biện đến 02 phản biện độc lập.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Các phản biện gởi nhận xét cho Ban Thư ký. Thời gian từ khi gửi bài cho phản biện đến khi nhận ý kiến của phản biện tối đa là 20 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Xử ký kết quả phản biện\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Nếu ý kiến đồng ý cho đăng và không cần chỉnh sửa, Ban Thư ký tiếp tục đăng bài theo qui trình.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Nếu ý kiến đồng ý đăng và cần chỉnh sửa, Ban Thư ký sẽ thông tin đến tác giả chỉnh sửa theo yêu cầu của người phản biện. Thời gian chỉnh sửa và gửi lại kéo dài không quá 2 tuần, từ khi tác giả bài báo nhận được thông tin (Quá trình này có thể lặp lại tối đa 2 lần\u002F1 bài báo). Khi có sự thống nhất, đồng ý của người phản biện; bài báo được tiếp tục đăng theo qui trình.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">3. Những bài báo có chất lượng không đạt yêu cầu, cả 2 phản biện không đồng ý cho đăng sẽ bị Tòa soạn từ chối đăng.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">Xuất bản\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">1. Ban Thư ký tổng hợp các bản thảo đã được tác giả hoàn thiện sau thẩm định trình Ban Biên tập xem xét, Tổng Biên tập phê duyệt, quyết định bài đăng theo các tiêu chí: sự phù hợp nội dung với tôn chỉ và mục đích, thể loại bài viết (ưu tiên các bài có bài có nghiên cứu chuyên sâu, hàm lượng khoa học cao), đóng góp mới bài báo, bài báo được ưu tiên đăng trong số gần nhất của Tạp chí theo thứ tự: tính thời sự, chất lượng bài báo và thời gian gửi bài.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">2. Ban Biên tập và Ban Thư ký biên tập bản thảo, chế bản, đọc rà soát lỗi. Thời gian hoàn thành từ 10-15 ngày.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">3. Ban Thư ký có trách nhiệm thông báo cho tác giả bài báo (bằng e-mail) về tình hình phê duyệt bài báo, thời gian, số kỳ, tập xuất bản bài báo theo qui định.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">4. 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The main objectives of the journal include: providing an intellectual platform for Vietnamese and international scholars; promoting interdisciplinary studies in social sciences and humanities; becoming the leading journal in social sciences and humanities in Vietnam; being indexed by worldwide databases and having academic recognition internationally in the near future.\\nThe journal is currently indexed by Google Scholar, WorldCat, Open Archives, Cosmos Impact Factor, Advanced Sciences Index, Scientific Indexing Services, CrossRef, EBSCO Information Services and Vietnam National University’s digital archive.\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities-Vietnam\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"ISSN 2354-1172, email: tapchikhxhnv@gmail.com, tckhxhnv@vnu.edu.vn\"},{\"insert\":\"\\n\"}]}","{\"ops\":[{\"insert\":\"Được thành lập ngày 31\u002F8\u002F2015 (giấy phép hoạt động số 155\u002FGP-BVHTT ngày 11 tháng 5 năm 2015 của Bộ Thông tin và Truyền thông, mã số tiêu chuẩn quốc tế ISSN 2354-1172), Tạp chí Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn (Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities) là ấn phẩm khoa học chính thức, duy nhất của Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, ĐHQG Hà Nội, phát triển và kế thừa Chuyên san Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, Tạp chí Khoa học, ĐHQG Hà Nội.\\nTạp chí xuất bản định kỳ (04 số tiếng Việt\u002Fnăm và 02 số tiếng Anh\u002Fnăm), có nhiệm vụ \"},{\"attributes\":{\"italic\":true},\"insert\":\"công bố, giới thiệu các công trình nghiên cứu khoa học khoa học xã hội và nhân văn của các tác giả là các nhà khoa học trong và ngoài nước, phục vụ giảng dạy, học tập và nghiên cứu khoa học\"},{\"insert\":\". 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And the first issue was published in January 1998 with ISSN 1859-0128. Since then, STDJ has become the most important scientific forum of scientists from VNU-HCM as well as other universities. The magazine has undergone 20 years of development and has become a bridge for scientific exchanges, as well as enriching reference materials for the faculty, doctoral students, students of VNU-HCM in particular and other universities, institutes...\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\"Science and Technology Development Journal - Health Sciences (STDJ-HS) is a subjournal of Science and Technology Development Journal since 2020.\"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"insert\":\" \"},{\"attributes\":{\"align\":\"justify\"},\"insert\":\"\\n\"},{\"attributes\":{\"bold\":true},\"insert\":\"2. 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However, ecosystem fragmentation causes large changes in the physical environment as well as biogeograpbic changes. Fragmentation generally results in a landscape that consists of remnant areas of native vegetation surrounded by a matrix of agricultural or other developed land. As a result fluxes of radiation, momentum (La, wind), water, and nutrients across the landscape are altered significantly. These in turn can have important influences on biota within remnant areas, especially at or near the edge between the remnant and the surrounding matrix. The isolation of remnant areas by clearing also has important consequences for the biota. These consequences vary with the time since isolation distance from other remnants, and degree of connectivity with other remnants. The influences of physical and biogeographic changes are modified by the size, shape, and position in the landscape of individual remnant, with larger remnants being less adversely affected by the fragmentation process. The Dynamics of remnant areas are predominantly driven by factors arising in the surrounding landscape. Management of, and research on, fragmented ecosystems should be directed at understanding and controlling these external influences as much as at the biota of the remnants themselves. There is a strong need to develop an integrated approach to landscape management that places conservation reserves in the context of the overall landscape\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":816},"Biological Consequences of Ecosystem Fragmentation: A Review",{"VOID":818},"10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.1991.tb00384.x","PUBLICATION","Auto Verify",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.1991.tb00384.x",[824,846,867],{"id":825,"sortIndex":114,"researcher":26,"roles":826,"affiliations":827,"properties":839},"8f323c2a-8f5b-4e27-b434-be6008000afd",[],[828],{"id":829,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":830,"properties":26},"1124b1ca-2000-4208-80f0-d7eb1c3de394",{"id":831,"createTime":832,"updateTime":833,"relativeEntities":834,"slug":835,"properties":836,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"0994cb7e-a492-4111-87c3-fd286b8eab09","2024-09-22T15:37:11.539+00:00","2025-06-11T22:31:13.436+00:00",[],"CSIRO-Division-of-Wildlife-and-Ecology-P-O-Box-84-Lyneham-Australian-Capital-Territory-2602-Australia",{"title":837},{"EN":838},"CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology P.O. 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F., 1976, Island biogeography and conservation: strategy and limitation, Science, 193, 1030, 10.1126\u002Fscience.193.4257.1030",{"doi":1413},"10.1126\u002Fscience.193.4257.1030",{"id":26,"text":1415,"url":26,"identifiers":1416},"10.2307\u002F1939174",{"doi":1415},{"id":26,"text":1418,"url":26,"identifiers":1419},"Wilcove D. S., 1986, Conservation biology. The science of scarcity and diversity, 273",{},{"id":26,"text":1421,"url":26,"identifiers":1422},"Wilcox B. A., 1980, Conservation Biology an Evolutionary‐Ecological Perspective, 95",{},{"id":26,"text":1424,"url":26,"identifiers":1425},"10.1007\u002FBF00377011",{"doi":1424},{"id":26,"text":1427,"url":26,"identifiers":1428},"10.1016\u002F0022-1694(87)90030-8",{"doi":1427},{"id":26,"text":1430,"url":26,"identifiers":1431},"10.1038\u002F256519a0",{"doi":1430},{"id":26,"text":1433,"url":26,"identifiers":1434},"10.2307\u002F3544410",{"doi":1433},{"id":26,"text":1436,"url":26,"identifiers":1437},"Wilson E. O., 1975, Ecology and evolution of communities, 522",{},{"id":26,"text":1439,"url":26,"identifiers":1440},"Wycherly P., 1984, The management of small bush areas in the Perth metropolitan region, 11",{},{"id":26,"text":1442,"url":26,"identifiers":1443},"10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.1988.tb00197.x",{"doi":1442},{"id":26,"text":1445,"url":26,"identifiers":1446},"10.2307\u002F2844988",{"doi":1445},false,{"id":1449,"createTime":1450,"updateTime":1450,"relativeEntities":1451,"slug":1452,"properties":1453,"entityType":819,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":1465,"verifyNote":820,"syncStatus":28,"languages":1466,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":1467,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":1468,"publicationType":884,"publisherRelationship":1490,"citationCount":1527,"citationInfo":1528,"publishDate":1535,"publishYear":1536,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":1537,"isForceReanalyzing":1447},"5cba405a-d762-4dde-9548-b18dc2544eeb","2024-11-26T03:42:33.899+00:00",[],"Indicators-for-Monitoring-Biodiversity-A-Hierarchical-Approach",{"mag":1454,"keywords":1456,"openalex":1457,"abstract":1459,"title":1461,"doi":1463},{"VOID":1455},"2152138353",{},{"VOID":1458},"W2152138353",{"EN":1460},"\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Abstract: \u003C\u002Fjats:bold> Biodiversity is presently a minor consideration in environmental policy. It has been regarded as too broad and vague a concept to be applied to real‐world regulatory and management problems. This problem can be corrected if biodiversity is recognized as an end in itself, and if measurable indicators can be selected to assess the status of biodiversity over time. Biodiversity, as presently understood, encompasses multiple levels of biological organization. In this paper, I expand the three primary attributes of biodiversity recognized by Jerry Franklin — composition, structure, and function—into a nested hierarchy that incorporates elements of each attribute at four levels of organization: regional landscape, community‐ecosystem, population‐species, and genetic. Indicators of each attribute in terrestrial ecosystems, at the four levels of organization, are identified for environmental monitoring purposes. Projects to monitor biodiversity will benefit from a direct linkage to long‐term ecological research and a commitment to test hypotheses relevant to biodiversity conservation. A general guideline is to proceed from the top down, beginning with a coarse‐scale inventory of landscape pattern, vegetation, habitat structure, and species distributions, then overlaying data on stress levels to identify biologically significant areas at high risk of impoverishment. Intensive research and monitoring can be directed to high‐risk ecosystems and elements of biodiversity, while less intensive monitoring is directed to the total landscape (or samples thereof). In any monitoring program, particular attention should be paid to specifying the questions that monitoring is intended to answer and validating the relationships between indicators and the components of biodiversity they represent.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1462},"Indicators for Monitoring Biodiversity: A Hierarchical Approach",{"VOID":1464},"10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.1990.tb00309.x","2024-11-26T03:42:33.898+00:00",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.1990.tb00309.x",[1469],{"id":1470,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":1471,"affiliations":1472,"properties":1483},"2c7e0a5d-a37c-450d-882b-69d15fb9ae95",[],[1473],{"id":1474,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":1475,"properties":26},"bdf05485-fcd1-4e8d-b00d-3dea9dc1a1f4",{"id":1476,"createTime":1477,"updateTime":1477,"relativeEntities":1478,"slug":1479,"properties":1480,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"1899604f-1d2f-44eb-8e5d-0fdbb10f7a00","2024-11-26T03:42:33.939+00:00",[],"US-Environmental-Protection-Agency-Environmental-Research-Laboratory-Corvallis-OR-97333-U-S-A-",{"title":1481},{"EN":1482},"US. 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S., 1986, Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity, 237",{},{"id":1723,"createTime":1724,"updateTime":1724,"relativeEntities":1725,"slug":1726,"properties":1727,"entityType":819,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":1724,"verifyNote":820,"syncStatus":28,"languages":1739,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":1740,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":1741,"publicationType":884,"publisherRelationship":1820,"citationCount":1857,"citationInfo":1858,"publishDate":1863,"publishYear":1864,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":1865,"isForceReanalyzing":1447},"4761bf2b-7291-4017-b5aa-c6e45fcef626","2024-09-17T20:30:03.276+00:00",[],"A-Method-for-Assessing-Hydrologic-Alteration-within-Ecosystems",{"mag":1728,"keywords":1730,"openalex":1731,"abstract":1733,"title":1735,"doi":1737},{"VOID":1729},"2022413055",{},{"VOID":1732},"W2022413055",{"EN":1734},"\u003Cjats:p>Hydrologic regimes play a major role in determining the biotic composition, structure, and function of aquatic, wetland, and riparian ecosystems. But human land and water uses are substantially altering hydrologic regimes around the world. Improved quantitative evaluations of human‐induced hydrologic changes are needed to advance research on the biotic implications of hydrologic alteration and to support ecosystem management and restoration plans. We propose a method for assessing the degree of hydrologic alteration attributable to human influence within an ecosystem. This method, referred to as the “Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration,” is based upon an analysis of hydrologic data available either from existing measurement points within an ecosystem (such as at stream gauges or wells) or model‐generated data. We use 32 parameters, organized into five groups, to statistically characterize hydrologic variation within each year. These 32 parameters provide information on ecologically significant features of surface and ground water regimes influencing aquatic, wetland, and riparian ecosystems. We then assess the hydrologic perturbations associated with activities such as dam operations, flow diversion, groundwater pumping, or intensive land‐use conversion by comparing measures of central tendency and dispersion for each parameter between user‐defined “pre‐impact” and “post‐impact” time frames, generating 64 Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. This method is intended for use with other ecosystem metrics in inventories of ecosystem integrity, in planning ecosystem management activities, and in setting and measuring progress toward conservation or restoration goals.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1736},"A Method for Assessing Hydrologic Alteration within Ecosystems",{"VOID":1738},"10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1996.10041163.x",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1996.10041163.x",[1742,1763,1782,1799],{"id":1743,"sortIndex":59,"researcher":26,"roles":1744,"affiliations":1745,"properties":1756},"fa2dd259-4632-4da2-9b43-dbadef5cda85",[],[1746],{"id":1747,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":1748,"properties":26},"ac334316-e23d-4248-a361-bae75dc58dfb",{"id":1749,"createTime":1750,"updateTime":1750,"relativeEntities":1751,"slug":1752,"properties":1753,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"5faf5dae-c624-4c35-9419-3d923e154dff","2024-09-17T20:30:03.320+00:00",[],"The-Nature-Conservancy-1815-N-Lynn-Street-Arlington-VA-22209-U-S-A-",{"title":1754},{"EN":1755},"The Nature Conservancy, 1815 N. 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The need to conserve genetic diversity within populations is based on two arguments: the necessity of genetic diversity for evolution to occur, and the expected relationship between heterozygosity and population fitness. Because loss of genetic diversity is related to inbreeding, and inbreeding reduces reproductive fitness, a correlation is expected between heterozygosity and population fitness. Long‐term effective population size, which determines rates of inbreeding, should also be correlated with fitness. However, other theoretical considerations and empirical observations suggest that the correlation between fitness and heterozygosity may be weak or nonexistent. We used all the data sets we could locate (34 ) to perform a meta‐analysis and resolve the issue. Data sets were included in the study, provided that fitness, or a component of fitness, was measured for three or more populations along with heterozygosity, heritability, and\u002For population size. The mean weighted correlation between measures of genetic diversity, at the population level, and population fitness was 0.4323. The correlation was highly significant and explained 19% of the variation in fitness. Our study strengthens concerns that the loss of heterozygosity has a deleterious effect on population fitness and supports the IUCN designation of genetic diversity as worthy of conservation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1880},"Correlation between Fitness and Genetic 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D., 1997, Effects of ancestral inbreeding on genetic load in mammalian populations., Journal of Heredity, 88, 169, 10.1093\u002Foxfordjournals.jhered.a023085",{"doi":1980},"10.1093\u002Foxfordjournals.jhered.a023085",{"id":26,"text":1982,"url":26,"identifiers":1983},"Beardmore J., 1983, Genetics and conservation: a reference for managing wild animal and plant populations, 125",{},{"id":26,"text":1985,"url":26,"identifiers":1986},"10.1038\u002Fhdy.1993.20",{"doi":1985},{"id":26,"text":1988,"url":26,"identifiers":1989},"10.1093\u002Fgenetics\u002F114.4.1191",{"doi":1988},{"id":26,"text":1991,"url":26,"identifiers":1992},"10.1016\u002FS0006-3207(99)00150-0",{"doi":1991},{"id":26,"text":1994,"url":26,"identifiers":1995},"10.1146\u002Fannurev.ecolsys.30.1.479",{"doi":1994},{"id":26,"text":1997,"url":26,"identifiers":1998},"10.1146\u002Fannurev.es.18.110187.001321",{"doi":1997},{"id":26,"text":2000,"url":26,"identifiers":2001},"10.1017\u002FS0016672399004152",{"doi":2000},{"id":26,"text":2003,"url":26,"identifiers":2004},"Charlesworth B., 2000, Evolutionary genetics, 369",{},{"id":26,"text":2006,"url":26,"identifiers":2007},"10.1111\u002Fj.1558-5646.1999.tb04516.x",{"doi":2006},{"id":26,"text":2009,"url":26,"identifiers":2010},"Crnokrak P., 1999, Inbreeding depression in the wild., Heredity, 83, 260, 10.1038\u002Fsj.hdy.6885530",{"doi":2011},"10.1038\u002Fsj.hdy.6885530",{"id":26,"text":2013,"url":26,"identifiers":2014},"10.1111\u002Fj.1558-5646.1999.tb04541.x",{"doi":2013},{"id":26,"text":2016,"url":26,"identifiers":2017},"10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1992.06040549.x",{"doi":2016},{"id":26,"text":2019,"url":26,"identifiers":2020},"Falconer D. 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W., 2000, Practical meta‐analysis",{},{"id":26,"text":2095,"url":26,"identifiers":2096},"10.1111\u002Fj.1558-5646.1989.tb02628.x",{"doi":2095},{"id":26,"text":2098,"url":26,"identifiers":2099},"10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.2000.99345.x",{"doi":2098},{"id":26,"text":2101,"url":26,"identifiers":2102},"Lynch M., 1998, Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits",{},{"id":26,"text":2104,"url":26,"identifiers":2105},"10.1038\u002F46941",{"doi":2104},{"id":26,"text":2107,"url":26,"identifiers":2108},"Mather K., 1973, Genetical structure of populations",{},{"id":26,"text":2110,"url":26,"identifiers":2111},"10.1111\u002Fj.1558-5646.1994.tb01364.x",{"doi":2110},{"id":26,"text":2113,"url":26,"identifiers":2114},"McNeely J. A., 1990, Conserving the world's biological diversity",{},{"id":26,"text":2116,"url":26,"identifiers":2117},"10.1111\u002Fj.1558-5646.1999.tb04547.x",{"doi":2116},{"id":26,"text":2119,"url":26,"identifiers":2120},"10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.1991.tb00120.x",{"doi":2119},{"id":26,"text":2122,"url":26,"identifiers":2123},"Oosterhout C. V., 2000, Captive metapopulations of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana",{},{"id":26,"text":2125,"url":26,"identifiers":2126},"10.1046\u002Fj.1420-9101.1995.8060739.x",{"doi":2125},{"id":26,"text":2128,"url":26,"identifiers":2129},"10.2307\u002F2261591",{"doi":2128},{"id":26,"text":2131,"url":26,"identifiers":2132},"10.1146\u002Fannurev.ecolsys.31.1.441",{"doi":2131},{"id":26,"text":2134,"url":26,"identifiers":2135},"10.1002\u002Fzoo.1430050202",{"doi":2134},{"id":26,"text":2137,"url":26,"identifiers":2138},"Reed D. H., 1998, Population size, selection, and mutation accumulation",{},{"id":26,"text":2140,"url":26,"identifiers":2141},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-1795.2000.tb00082.x",{"doi":2140},{"id":26,"text":2143,"url":26,"identifiers":2144},"Reed D. H., 2001, Fitness, genetic load, and purging in experimental populations of the housefly., Conservation Genetics, 2, 57, 10.1023\u002FA:1011567018530",{"doi":2145},"10.1023\u002FA:1011567018530",{"id":26,"text":2147,"url":26,"identifiers":2148},"10.1111\u002Fj.0014-3820.2001.tb00629.x",{"doi":2147},{"id":26,"text":2150,"url":26,"identifiers":2151},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-1795.1999.tb00053.x",{"doi":2150},{"id":26,"text":2153,"url":26,"identifiers":2154},"Saccheri I. J., 1996, Severe inbreeding depression and rapid fitness rebound in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (  Satyridae  )., Evolution, 50, 2000, 10.2307\u002F2410758",{"doi":2155},"10.2307\u002F2410758",{"id":26,"text":2157,"url":26,"identifiers":2158},"Saccheri I. J., 1999, Inbreeding of bottlenecked butterfly populations: estimation using the likelihood of changes in marker allele frequencies., Genetics, 151, 1053, 10.1093\u002Fgenetics\u002F151.3.1053",{"doi":2159},"10.1093\u002Fgenetics\u002F151.3.1053",{"id":26,"text":2161,"url":26,"identifiers":2162},"Soulé M. E., 1986, Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity",{},{"id":26,"text":2164,"url":26,"identifiers":2165},"Soulé M. E., 1980, Conservation biology: an evolutionary‐ecological perspective",{},{"id":26,"text":2167,"url":26,"identifiers":2168},"10.1007\u002F978-3-0348-8510-2_5",{"doi":2167},{"id":26,"text":2170,"url":26,"identifiers":2171},"10.1111\u002Fj.1558-5646.1996.tb03882.x",{"doi":2170},{"id":26,"text":2173,"url":26,"identifiers":2174},"10.1126\u002Fscience.282.5394.1695",{"doi":2173},{"id":26,"text":2176,"url":26,"identifiers":2177},"10.1038\u002Fhdy.1993.84",{"doi":2176},{"id":26,"text":2179,"url":26,"identifiers":2180},"10.1111\u002Fj.1095-8312.1993.tb00925.x",{"doi":2179},{"id":26,"text":2182,"url":26,"identifiers":2183},"Wright S., 1977, Evolution and the genetics of populations. 3",{},{"id":2185,"createTime":2186,"updateTime":2186,"relativeEntities":2187,"slug":2188,"properties":2189,"entityType":819,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":2186,"verifyNote":820,"syncStatus":28,"languages":2201,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":2202,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":2203,"publicationType":884,"publisherRelationship":2244,"citationCount":2281,"citationInfo":2282,"publishDate":2287,"publishYear":1864,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":2288,"isForceReanalyzing":1447},"9b121086-7b01-4694-826a-a15bfdd5e7a5","2024-09-17T21:37:00.200+00:00",[],"Command-and-Control-and-the-Pathology-of-Natural-Resource-Management",{"mag":2190,"keywords":2192,"openalex":2193,"abstract":2195,"title":2197,"doi":2199},{"VOID":2191},"2169376470",{},{"VOID":2194},"W2169376470",{"EN":2196},"\u003Cjats:p>As the human population grows and natural resources decline, there is pressure to apply increasing levels of top‐down, command‐and‐control management to natural resources. This is manifested in attempts to control ecosystems and in socioeconomic institutions that respond to erratic or surprising ecosystem behavior with more control. Command and control, however, usually results in unforeseen consequences for both natural ecosystems and human welfare in the form of collapsing resources, social and economic strife, and losses of biological diversity. We describe the “pathology of natural resource management,” defined as a \u003Cjats:italic>loss of system resilience when the range of natural variation in the system is reduced\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> encapsulates the unsustainable environmental, social, and economic outcomes of command‐and‐control resource management. If natural levels of variation in system behavior are reduced through command‐and‐control, then the system becomes less resilient to external perturbations, resulting in crises and surprises. We provide several examples of this pathology in management. An ultimate pathology emerges when resource management agencies, through initial success with command and control, lose sight of their original purposes, eliminate research and monitoring, and focus on efficiency of control. They then become isolated from the managed systems and inflexible in structure. Simultaneously, through overcapitalization, society becomes dependent upon command and control, demands it in greater intensity, and ignores the underlying ecological change or collapse that is developing. Solutions to this pathology cannot come from further command and control (regulations) but must come from innovative approaches involving incentives leading to more resilient ecosystems, more flexible agencies, more self‐reliant industries, and a more knowledgeable citizenry. We discuss several aspects of ecosystem pattern and dynamics at large scales that provide insight into ecosystem resilience, and we propose a “Golden Rule” of natural resource management that we believe is necessary for sustainability: management should strive to retain critical types and ranges of natural variation in resource systems in order to maintain their resiliency.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2198},"Command and Control and the Pathology of Natural Resource Management",{"VOID":2200},"10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1996.10020328.x",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1996.10020328.x",[2204,2224],{"id":2205,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":2206,"affiliations":2207,"properties":2219},"371e1ae5-0c41-4f54-8a05-7564c316ee09",[],[2208],{"id":2209,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":2210,"properties":26},"8cbb8b1f-cc7b-46f7-9913-2ca5eb736945",{"id":2211,"createTime":2212,"updateTime":2213,"relativeEntities":2214,"slug":2215,"properties":2216,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"47d3101b-3cfc-4f00-8018-d26b7534e406","2024-04-19T22:08:03.732+00:00","2025-01-06T08:58:11.299+00:00",[],"Department-of-Zoology-University-of-Florida-Gainesville-FL-32611-U-S-A",{"title":2217},{"EN":2218},"Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A",{"openalex":2220,"title":2222},{"VOID":2221},"A5021553878",{"EN":2223},"C. S. Holling",{"id":2225,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":2226,"affiliations":2227,"properties":2239},"5ccc86f1-7bc9-4514-bd6b-ead95c32d7c7",[],[2228],{"id":2229,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":2230,"properties":26},"7bc9e66e-1f1f-4c48-a0a1-d76f9b8b6610",{"id":2231,"createTime":2232,"updateTime":2233,"relativeEntities":2234,"slug":2235,"properties":2236,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"8e15b0c6-944f-468e-8df5-aafed72d1f24","2024-04-15T12:46:59.413+00:00","2024-09-17T21:37:00.221+00:00",[],"University-of-Georgia-s-Savannah-River-Ecology-Laboratory-Drawer-E-Aiken-SC-29802-U-S-A-",{"title":2237},{"EN":2238},"University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, U.S.A.",{"openalex":2240,"title":2242},{"VOID":2241},"A5073222730",{"EN":2243},"Gary K. Meffe",{"url":26,"publisher":2245,"properties":2275},{"id":659,"createTime":660,"updateTime":661,"relativeEntities":2246,"slug":663,"properties":2247,"entityType":24,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"subjectFields":2253,"manageAffiliations":2254,"indexDatabases":2255,"url":772,"thumbnailPath":26,"statistic":2270,"gsStatistic":26,"type":26,"analyzePriority":26},[],{"country":2248,"issn":2249,"introduce":2250,"eissn":2251,"title":2252},{"VOID":666},{"VOID":668},{"EN":670},{"VOID":672},{"EN":674},[],[],[2256,2263],{"id":730,"indexDatabase":2257,"url":745,"indexYears":26,"academicFieldIds":2262,"indexDatabaseRanking":26},{"id":732,"createTime":733,"updateTime":734,"relativeEntities":2258,"label":2259,"description":2260,"key":741,"publicationTags":2261,"standard":26},[],{"EN":737,"VI":737},{"VI":739,"EN":740},[743,744],[747,748,749],{"id":751,"indexDatabase":2264,"url":764,"indexYears":765,"academicFieldIds":2269,"indexDatabaseRanking":771},{"id":753,"createTime":754,"updateTime":755,"relativeEntities":2265,"label":2266,"description":2267,"key":761,"publicationTags":2268,"standard":26},[],{"EN":758,"VI":758},{"EN":758,"VI":760},[763],[767,768,769,770],{"impactFactor":36,"impactFactorByYear":2271,"i10Index":255,"i10IndexLast5Year":114,"totalPublication":255,"totalPublicationByYear":2272,"totalCitation":778,"totalCitationByYear":2273,"totalCitationPerPublication":790,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":2274,"hindexLast5Year":240,"hindex":240},{"2012":158,"2015":775,"2016":162,"2017":374,"2018":162,"2019":356,"2020":162,"2021":776,"2022":116},{"1995":114,"1997":115,"1999":115,"2000":115,"2001":59,"2002":115,"2003":114,"2005":162,"2006":114,"2009":162,"2010":115,"2014":114,"2015":115,"2016":115,"2017":115,"2019":115,"2020":115},{"1995":780,"1997":781,"1999":362,"2000":782,"2001":783,"2002":784,"2003":785,"2005":786,"2006":787,"2009":788,"2010":46,"2014":789,"2015":281,"2016":48,"2017":254,"2019":238,"2020":358},{"1995":792,"1997":781,"1999":362,"2000":782,"2001":793,"2002":784,"2003":626,"2005":794,"2006":795,"2009":796,"2010":46,"2014":797,"2015":281,"2016":48,"2017":254,"2019":238,"2020":358},{"volume":2276,"pages":2277,"issue":2279},{"VOID":1853},{"VOID":2278},"328-337",{"VOID":2280},"2",1912,{"total":2281,"publishYear":26,"statisticByYear":2283},{"2012":256,"2013":161,"2014":1965,"2015":2284,"2016":532,"2017":2285,"2018":117,"2019":2286,"2020":652,"2021":1533,"2022":253,"2023":349,"2024":284},98,90,91,"1996-04-01",[],{"id":2290,"createTime":2291,"updateTime":2291,"relativeEntities":2292,"slug":2293,"properties":2294,"entityType":819,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":2291,"verifyNote":820,"syncStatus":28,"languages":2306,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":2307,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":2308,"publicationType":884,"publisherRelationship":2330,"citationCount":2368,"citationInfo":2369,"publishDate":2372,"publishYear":2373,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":2374,"isForceReanalyzing":1447},"89689e85-866d-4aa0-865b-76a59d2b99ee","2025-02-05T02:54:35.569+00:00",[],"Rethinking-Community-Based-Conservation",{"mag":2295,"keywords":2297,"openalex":2298,"abstract":2300,"title":2302,"doi":2304},{"VOID":2296},"2101873753",{},{"VOID":2299},"W2101873753",{"EN":2301},"\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Abstract: \u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>Community‐based conservation (CBC) is based on the idea that if conservation and development could be simultaneously achieved, then the interests of both could be served. It has been controversial because community development objectives are not necessarily consistent with conservation objectives in a given case. I examined CBC from two angles. First, CBC can be seen in the context of paradigm shifts in ecology and applied ecology. I identified three conceptual shifts—toward a systems view, toward the inclusion of humans in the ecosystem, and toward participatory approaches to ecosystem management—that are interrelated and pertain to an understanding of ecosystems as complex adaptive systems in which humans are an integral part. Second, I investigated the feasibility of CBC, as informed by a number of emerging interdisciplinary fields that have been pursuing various aspects of coupled systems of humans and nature. These fields—common property, traditional ecological knowledge, environmental ethics, political ecology, and environmental history—provide insights for CBC. They may contribute to the development of an interdisciplinary conservation science with a more sophisticated understanding of social‐ecological interactions. The lessons from these fields include the importance of cross‐scale conservation, adaptive comanagement, the question of incentives and multiple stakeholders, the use of traditional ecological knowledge, and development of a cross‐cultural conservation ethic.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2303},"Rethinking Community‐Based Conservation",{"VOID":2305},"10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.2004.00077.x",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.2004.00077.x",[2309],{"id":2310,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":2311,"affiliations":2312,"properties":2323},"db8252a8-9663-4374-abe0-5581ceaef210",[],[2313],{"id":2314,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":2315,"properties":26},"1d4cbfe8-c1db-4393-89ec-c3c8748414ca",{"id":2316,"createTime":2317,"updateTime":2317,"relativeEntities":2318,"slug":2319,"properties":2320,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"362dc999-4ea5-4cd6-bc47-7ad74215a0a8","2025-02-05T02:54:35.595+00:00",[],"Natural-Resources-Institute-70-Dysart-Road-University-of-Manitoba-Winnipeg-Manitoba-R3T-2N2-Canada-email-berkes-cc-umanitoba-ca",{"title":2321},{"EN":2322},"Natural Resources Institute, 70 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada, email berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca",{"openalex":2324,"orcid":2326,"title":2328},{"VOID":2325},"A5051981949",{"VOID":2327},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-8402-121X",{"EN":2329},"Fikret 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D., 1999, Protecting a garua forest in Ecuador: the role of institutions and ecosystem valuation, Ambio, 28, 156",{},{"id":26,"text":2388,"url":26,"identifiers":2389},"10.1146\u002Fannurev.es.26.110195.000553",{"doi":2388},{"id":26,"text":2391,"url":26,"identifiers":2392},"Berkes F., 1999, Sacred ecology: traditional ecological knowledge and resource management",{},{"id":26,"text":2394,"url":26,"identifiers":2395},"Berkes F., 2002, The drama of the commons, 293",{},{"id":26,"text":2397,"url":26,"identifiers":2398},"Berkes F., 1998, Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience",{},{"id":26,"text":2400,"url":26,"identifiers":2401},"10.1890\u002F1051-0761(2000)010[1251:ROTEKA]2.0.CO;2",{"doi":2400},{"id":26,"text":2403,"url":26,"identifiers":2404},"Berkes F., 2003, Navigating social‐ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change",{},{"id":26,"text":2406,"url":26,"identifiers":2407},"Blann K., 2003, Navigating the dynamics of social‐ecological systems, 210",{},{"id":26,"text":2409,"url":26,"identifiers":2410},"10.1016\u002FS0169-5347(01)02204-2",{"doi":2409},{"id":26,"text":2412,"url":26,"identifiers":2413},"10.1080\u002F08941929809381069",{"doi":2412},{"id":26,"text":2415,"url":26,"identifiers":2416},"10.1300\u002FJ091v17n01_04",{"doi":2415},{"id":26,"text":2418,"url":26,"identifiers":2419},"10.1111\u002F1475-4959.00034",{"doi":2418},{"id":26,"text":2421,"url":26,"identifiers":2422},"10.1111\u002Fj.1541-0072.2000.tb02045.x",{"doi":2421},{"id":26,"text":2424,"url":26,"identifiers":2425},"10.1016\u002FS0959-3780(00)00017-0",{"doi":2424},{"id":26,"text":2427,"url":26,"identifiers":2428},"Chambers R., 1983, Rural development: putting the last first, Longman, London, United Kingdom",{},{"id":26,"text":2430,"url":26,"identifiers":2431},"Equator Initiative.2002.United Nations Development Programme Equator Initiative Longman London. Available fromhttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.undp.org\u002Fequatorinitiative\u002F(accessed August 2003).",{},{"id":26,"text":2433,"url":26,"identifiers":2434},"Folke C., 2002, Resilience for sustainable development: building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations",{},{"id":26,"text":2436,"url":26,"identifiers":2437},"10.1890\u002F1051-0761(2000)010[1249:TEKESA]2.0.CO;2",{"doi":2436},{"id":26,"text":2439,"url":26,"identifiers":2440},"10.1890\u002F1051-0761(2000)010[1307:NMFOKT]2.0.CO;2",{"doi":2439},{"id":26,"text":2442,"url":26,"identifiers":2443},"Ghimire K. B., 1997, Social change and conservation",{},{"id":26,"text":2445,"url":26,"identifiers":2446},"10.1017\u002FCBO9780511625640",{"doi":2445},{"id":26,"text":2448,"url":26,"identifiers":2449},"10.1007\u002F3-540-36271-1",{"doi":2448},{"id":26,"text":2451,"url":26,"identifiers":2452},"Haas P. M., 1990, Saving the Mediterranean: The politics of international environmental cooperation",{},{"id":26,"text":2454,"url":26,"identifiers":2455},"10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1999.98210.x",{"doi":2454},{"id":26,"text":2457,"url":26,"identifiers":2458},"10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1999.98035.x",{"doi":2457},{"id":26,"text":2460,"url":26,"identifiers":2461},"10.1007\u002Fs10021-001-0101-5",{"doi":2460},{"id":26,"text":2200,"url":26,"identifiers":2463},{"doi":2200},{"id":26,"text":2465,"url":26,"identifiers":2466},"10.4324\u002F9780203466025",{"doi":2465},{"id":26,"text":2468,"url":26,"identifiers":2469},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1059386",{"doi":2468},{"id":26,"text":2471,"url":26,"identifiers":2472},"10.1080\u002F089419200750035575",{"doi":2471},{"id":26,"text":2474,"url":26,"identifiers":2475},"Levin S. A., 1999, Fragile dominion: complexity and the commons",{},{"id":26,"text":2477,"url":26,"identifiers":2478},"10.1007\u002Fs10021-001-0044-x",{"doi":2477},{"id":26,"text":2480,"url":26,"identifiers":2481},"Murphree M. W., 2002, Protected areas and the commons, Common Property Resource Digest, 60, 1",{},{"id":26,"text":2483,"url":26,"identifiers":2484},"10.1007\u002Fs100210000061",{"doi":2483},{"id":26,"text":2486,"url":26,"identifiers":2487},"10.1017\u002FCBO9780511807763",{"doi":2486},{"id":26,"text":2489,"url":26,"identifiers":2490},"10.1126\u002Fscience.284.5412.278",{"doi":2489},{"id":26,"text":2492,"url":26,"identifiers":2493},"Ostrom E., 2002, The drama of the commons",{},{"id":26,"text":2495,"url":26,"identifiers":2496},"Ramakrishnan P. S., 1998, Conserving the sacred for biodiversity management",{},{"id":26,"text":2498,"url":26,"identifiers":2499},"10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.2000.00135.x",{"doi":2498},{"id":26,"text":2501,"url":26,"identifiers":2502},"10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1993.07020248.x",{"doi":2501},{"id":26,"text":2504,"url":26,"identifiers":2505},"10.1071\u002FPC950007",{"doi":2504},{"id":26,"text":2507,"url":26,"identifiers":2508},"Ruitenbeek J. andC.Cartier.2001.The invisible wand: adaptive co‐management as an emergent strategy in complex bio‐economic systems. Occasional paper 34. Center for International Forestry Research Bogor Indonesia . Available fromhttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.cifor.cgiar.org(accessed August 2003).",{},{"id":26,"text":2510,"url":26,"identifiers":2511},"10.1016\u002FS0305-750X(99)00103-5",{"doi":2510},{"id":26,"text":2513,"url":26,"identifiers":2514},"10.7551\u002Fmitpress\u002F3807.001.0001",{"doi":2513},{"id":2516,"createTime":2517,"updateTime":2518,"relativeEntities":2519,"slug":2520,"properties":2521,"entityType":819,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":2535,"verifyNote":820,"syncStatus":28,"languages":2536,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":2537,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":2538,"publicationType":884,"publisherRelationship":2562,"citationCount":2599,"citationInfo":2600,"publishDate":2604,"publishYear":2601,"citationAnalyzeStatus":2605,"lastCitationAnalyze":2606,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":2607,"isForceReanalyzing":1447},"029c294f-8652-4e23-8053-4b9179ca2caa","2024-12-13T11:34:22.244+00:00","2026-05-17T02:13:15.352+00:00",[],"Deforestation-in-Brazilian-Amazonia-History-Rates-and-Consequences",{"mag":2522,"keywords":2524,"openalex":2525,"abstract":2527,"title":2529,"doi":2531,"gsPaper":2533},{"VOID":2523},"2002266515",{},{"VOID":2526},"W2002266515",{"EN":2528},"\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Abstract: \u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>Brazil's Amazon forest remained largely intact until the “modern” era of deforestation began with the inauguration of the Transamazon Highway in 1970. Amazonian deforestation rates have trended upward since 1991, with clearing proceeding at a variable but rapid pace. Although Amazonian forests are cut for various reasons, cattle ranching predominates. The large and medium‐sized ranches account for about 70% of clearing activity. Profit from beef cattle is only one of the income sources that make deforestation profitable. Forest degradation results from logging, ground fires (facilitated by logging), and the effects of fragmentation and edge formation. Degradation contributes to forest loss. The impacts of deforestation include loss of biodiversity, reduced water cycling (and rainfall), and contributions to global warming. Strategies to slow deforestation include repression through licensing procedures, monitoring, and fines. The severity of penalties for deforestation needs to be sufficient to deter illegal clearing but not so great as to be unenforceable. Policy reform is also needed to address root causes of deforestation, including the role of clearing in establishing land claims.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2530},"Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: History, Rates, and Consequences",{"VOID":2532},"10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.2005.00697.x",{"VOID":2534},"[\"9891095287983840838\"]","2024-12-13T11:34:22.243+00:00",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.2005.00697.x",[2539],{"id":2540,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":2541,"affiliations":2542,"properties":2553},"45c317ce-2126-4bc9-b852-7f4ad4a87ad2",[],[2543],{"id":2544,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":2545,"properties":26},"860e7b01-733d-4bfb-ac7a-5b1aff2ba5bf",{"id":2546,"createTime":2547,"updateTime":2547,"relativeEntities":2548,"slug":2549,"properties":2550,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"b2aa0046-3fbb-424a-9bbd-06ec6b65b25a","2024-12-13T11:34:22.343+00:00",[],"Instituto-Nacional-de-Pesquisas-da-Amaz%C3%B4nia-INPA-Caixa-Postal-478-Manaus-69083-000-Amazonas-Brasil-email-pmfearn-inpa-gov-br",{"title":2551},{"EN":2552},"Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Caixa Postal 478, Manaus 69083-000, Amazonas, Brasil, email pmfearn@inpa.gov.br",{"openalex":2554,"orcid":2556,"title":2558,"gsAuthor":2560},{"VOID":2555},"A5054538020",{"VOID":2557},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-3672-9082",{"EN":2559},"Philip M. 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P. R., 2001, Biodiversidade na Amazônia brasileira (in Portuguese)",{},{"id":26,"text":2618,"url":26,"identifiers":2619},"10.1038\u002Fnature01437",{"doi":2618},{"id":26,"text":2621,"url":26,"identifiers":2622},"10.1126\u002Fscience.284.5421.1832",{"doi":2621},{"id":26,"text":2624,"url":26,"identifiers":2625},"Faminow M. D., 1998, Cattle, deforestation and development in the Amazon: an economic and environmental perspective",{},{"id":26,"text":2627,"url":26,"identifiers":2628},"Fearnside P. M., 1987, The geophysiology of Amazonia: vegetation and climate interactions, 37",{},{"id":26,"text":2630,"url":26,"identifiers":2631},"Fearnside P. M., 1993, Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: the effect of population and land tenure, Ambio, 22, 537",{},{"id":26,"text":2633,"url":26,"identifiers":2634},"Fearnside P. 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M., 2004, A água de São Paulo e a floresta amazônica, Ciência Hoje, 34, 63",{},{"id":26,"text":2684,"url":26,"identifiers":2685},"Fearnside P. M., 2003, Avoided deforestation in Amazonia as a global warming mitigation measure: the case of Mato Grosso, World Resource Review, 15, 352",{},{"id":26,"text":2687,"url":26,"identifiers":2688},"10.1017\u002FS0376892904001055",{"doi":2687},{"id":26,"text":2690,"url":26,"identifiers":2691},"10.1890\u002F03-5225",{"doi":2690},{"id":26,"text":2693,"url":26,"identifiers":2694},"Hecht S. B., 1988, The economics of cattle ranching in eastern Amazonia, Interciencia, 13, 233",{},{"id":26,"text":2696,"url":26,"identifiers":2697},"INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais), 2004, Monitoramento da floresta amazônica brasileira por satélite\u002FMonitoring of the Brazilian Amazon forest by satellite: 2002–2003",{},{"id":26,"text":2699,"url":26,"identifiers":2700},"Kaimowitz D. B.Mertens S.Wunder andP.Pacheco.2004.Hamburger connection fuels Amazon destruction. Technical report. Center for International Forest Research Bogor Indonesia . Available fromhttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.cifor.cgiar.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fpdf_files\u002Fmedia\u002FAmazon.pdf(accessed November 2004).",{},{"id":26,"text":2702,"url":26,"identifiers":2703},"10.1126\u002Fscience.291.5503.438",{"doi":2702},{"id":26,"text":2705,"url":26,"identifiers":2706},"Lean J., 1996, Amazonian deforestation and climate, 549",{},{"id":26,"text":2708,"url":26,"identifiers":2709},"Mahar D. J., 1979, Frontier development policy in Brazil: a study of Amazonia",{},{"id":26,"text":2711,"url":26,"identifiers":2712},"Margulis S., 2003, Causas do desmatamento na Amazônia brasileira (in Portuguese)",{},{"id":26,"text":2714,"url":26,"identifiers":2715},"10.1016\u002F0305-750X(94)90066-3",{"doi":2714},{"id":26,"text":2717,"url":26,"identifiers":2718},"MCT (Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia), 2004, Brazil's National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change",{},{"id":26,"text":2720,"url":26,"identifiers":2721},"Nepstad D. C., 1999, Flames in the rain forest: origins, impacts and alternatives to Amazonian fires",{},{"id":26,"text":2723,"url":26,"identifiers":2724},"10.1038\u002F19066",{"doi":2723},{"id":26,"text":2726,"url":26,"identifiers":2727},"10.1016\u002FS0378-1127(01)00511-4",{"doi":2726},{"id":26,"text":2729,"url":26,"identifiers":2730},"10.1111\u002Fj.1529-8817.2003.00772.x",{"doi":2729},{"id":26,"text":2732,"url":26,"identifiers":2733},"10.1016\u002Fj.foreco.2004.12.007",{"doi":2732},{"id":26,"text":2735,"url":26,"identifiers":2736},"10.1126\u002Fscience.225.4658.129",{"doi":2735},{"id":26,"text":2738,"url":26,"identifiers":2739},"10.1016\u002F0378-1127(92)90099-U",{"doi":2738},{"id":2741,"createTime":2742,"updateTime":2742,"relativeEntities":2743,"slug":2744,"properties":2745,"entityType":819,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":2742,"verifyNote":820,"syncStatus":28,"languages":2757,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":2758,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":2759,"publicationType":884,"publisherRelationship":2802,"citationCount":2838,"citationInfo":2839,"publishDate":2604,"publishYear":2601,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":2846,"isForceReanalyzing":1447},"9d8ed2e5-0a7a-41d9-aaf9-2cb506325259","2024-10-12T21:13:29.631+00:00",[],"Conservation-of-the-Brazilian-Cerrado",{"mag":2746,"keywords":2748,"openalex":2749,"abstract":2751,"title":2753,"doi":2755},{"VOID":2747},"1973116615",{},{"VOID":2750},"W1973116615",{"EN":2752},"\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Abstract: \u003C\u002Fjats:bold>  \u003Cjats:italic>The Cerrado is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. In the last 35 years, more than 50% of its approximately 2 million km\u003Cjats:sup>2\u003C\u002Fjats:sup> has been transformed into pasture and agricultural lands planted in cash crops. The Cerrado has the richest flora among the world's savannas (>7000 species) and high levels of endemism. Species richness of birds, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, and insects is equally high, whereas mammal diversity is relatively low. Deforestation rates have been higher in the Cerrado than in the Amazon rainforest, and conservation efforts have been modest: only 2.2% of its area is under legal protection. Numerous animal and plant species are threatened with extinction, and an estimated 20% of threatened and endemic species do not occur in protected areas. Soil erosion, the degradation of the diverse Cerrado vegetation formations, and the spread of exotic grasses are widespread and major threats. The use of fire for clearing land and to encourage new growth for pasture has also caused damage, even though the Cerrado is a fire‐adapted ecosystem. Ecosystem experiments and modeling show that change in land cover is altering the hydrology and affecting carbon stocks and fluxes. Cerrado agriculture is lucrative, and agricultural expansion is expected to continue, requiring improvements in and extension of the transportation infrastructure, which will affect not only the Cerrado but also the Amazon forest. Large‐scale landscape modification and threats to numerous species have led to renewed interest from various sectors in promoting the conservation of the Cerrado, particularly through strengthening and enlarging the system of protected areas and improving farming practices and thus the livelihoods of local communities.\u003C\u002Fjats:italic> \u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2754},"Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado",{"VOID":2756},"10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.2005.00702.x",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1523-1739.2005.00702.x",[2760,2781],{"id":2761,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":2762,"affiliations":2763,"properties":2774},"9a3b4004-3bd7-47c5-9888-4e55c8f12e3c",[],[2764],{"id":2765,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":2766,"properties":26},"e33dda0a-e9ff-438c-ae3f-9804924e628f",{"id":2767,"createTime":2768,"updateTime":2768,"relativeEntities":2769,"slug":2770,"properties":2771,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"a67e555a-911e-4faf-b396-111635ad9383","2024-10-12T21:13:29.663+00:00",[],"Conservation-International-do-Brasil-e-N%C3%BAcleo-de-Refer%C3%AAncia-em-Ci%C3%AAncias-Ambientais-do-Tr%C3%B3pico-Ecotonal-do-Nordeste-TROPEN-SAUS-Quadra-3-Lote-C-Edif%C3%ADcio-Business-Point-Sala-722-Bras%C3%ADlia-70070-934-D-F-Brasil",{"title":2772},{"EN":2773},"Conservation International do Brasil e Núcleo de Referência em Ciências Ambientais do Trópico Ecotonal do Nordeste (TROPEN), SAUS Quadra 3, Lote C, Edifício Business Point, Sala 722, Brasília 70070-934, D.F., Brasil",{"openalex":2775,"orcid":2777,"title":2779},{"VOID":2776},"A5047936105",{"VOID":2778},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-6508-9005",{"EN":2780},"Ricardo B. 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M. S., 2000, Comunidades de morcegos do Cerrado no Brasil Central. Doctoral thesis",{},{"id":26,"text":2851,"url":26,"identifiers":2852},"Aguiar L. M. S., 2004, A diversidade biológica do Cerrado, 19",{},{"id":26,"text":2609,"url":26,"identifiers":2854},{},{"id":26,"text":2856,"url":26,"identifiers":2857},"Arruda M. B., 2003, Estudo de representatividade ecológica com base na biogeografia de biomas e ecoregiões continentais do Brasil. O caso do bioma Cerrado",{},{"id":26,"text":2859,"url":26,"identifiers":2860},"Barcellos A. O., 1996, Biodiversidade e produção sustentável de alimentos e fibras nos Cerrados. VIII Simpósio sobre o Cerrado, 130",{},{"id":26,"text":2862,"url":26,"identifiers":2863},"Berardi A., 1994, Effects of the African grass Melinis minutiflora on plant community composition and fire characteristics of a central Brazilian savanna",{},{"id":26,"text":2865,"url":26,"identifiers":2866},"Bonelli R.2001.Impactos econômicos e sociais de longo prazo da expansão agropecuária no Brasil: revolução invisível e inclusão social. Textos para Discussão 838. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada Rio de Janeiro (in Portuguese).",{},{"id":26,"text":2868,"url":26,"identifiers":2869},"Borlaug N. E., 2002, Global warming and other eco‐myths, 29",{},{"id":26,"text":2871,"url":26,"identifiers":2872},"10.1017\u002FS0266467498000212",{"doi":2871},{"id":26,"text":2874,"url":26,"identifiers":2875},"Cavalcanti R., 2002, The Cerrados of Brazil: ecology and natural history of a Neotropical savanna, 351",{},{"id":26,"text":2877,"url":26,"identifiers":2878},"Colli G. R., 2002, The character and dynamics of the Cerrado herpetofauna, 223",{},{"id":26,"text":2880,"url":26,"identifiers":2881},"10.1016\u002Fj.agsy.2004.02.011",{"doi":2880},{"id":26,"text":2883,"url":26,"identifiers":2884},"10.1016\u002FS0022-1694(03)00267-1",{"doi":2883},{"id":26,"text":2886,"url":26,"identifiers":2887},"10.1038\u002F376472a0",{"doi":2886},{"id":26,"text":2889,"url":26,"identifiers":2890},"Dias B. F. S., 1992, Alternativas de desenvolvimento dos Cerrados: manejo e conservação dos recursos naturais renováveis",{},{"id":26,"text":2892,"url":26,"identifiers":2893},"Eiten G., 1977, Delimitação do conceito de Cerrado, 125",{},{"id":26,"text":2895,"url":26,"identifiers":2896},"Fonseca G. A. B. da, 1999, Hotspots: the earth's biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions, 148",{},{"id":26,"text":2898,"url":26,"identifiers":2899},"Fundação Biodiversitas, 2003, Lista da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção",{},{"id":26,"text":2901,"url":26,"identifiers":2902},"Fundação Pró‐Natureza.2000.Fundação Pró‐Natureza( Funatura ) Brasília (in Portuguese). Available fromhttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.funatura.org.br\u002Fhtm\u002Fprojetos\u002Fatuais\u002Frede_cerrado.htm(accessed January 2005).",{},{"id":26,"text":2904,"url":26,"identifiers":2905},"Fundação Pró‐Natureza, Conservation International do Brasil, Fundação Biodiversitas, and Universidade de Brasília, 1999, Avaliação e ações prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade do Cerrado e Pantanal. Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas",{},{"id":26,"text":2907,"url":26,"identifiers":2908},"Galinkin M., 2003, Estado ambiental de Goiás: Geo‐Goiás 2002",{},{"id":26,"text":2910,"url":26,"identifiers":2911},"Goedert W., 1990, Las sabanas americanas: aspectos de su biogeografia, ecologia y utilizacíon, 191",{},{"id":26,"text":2913,"url":26,"identifiers":2914},"10.1007\u002FBF02374657",{"doi":2913},{"id":26,"text":2916,"url":26,"identifiers":2917},"Hilton‐Taylor C., 2004, 2004 IUCN red list of threatened species. Species Survival Commission, The World Conservation Union, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Gland, Switzerland",{},{"id":26,"text":2919,"url":26,"identifiers":2920},"10.1175\u002F1520-0442(2000)013\u003C1593:VCFITC>2.0.CO;2",{"doi":2919},{"id":26,"text":2922,"url":26,"identifiers":2923},"10.7312\u002Foliv12042-008",{"doi":2922},{"id":26,"text":2925,"url":26,"identifiers":2926},"10.7312\u002Foliv12042-006",{"doi":2925},{"id":26,"text":2928,"url":26,"identifiers":2929},"Krug T., 2002, Emissões de gases de efeito estufa da queima de biomassa no Cerrado não‐antrópico utilizando dados orbitais. Primeiro inventário brasileiro de emissões antrópicas de gases de efeito estufa—relatórios de referência",{},{"id":26,"text":2931,"url":26,"identifiers":2932},"Machado R.B., 2004, in Anais: IV Congresso Brasileiro de Unidades de Conservação. Fundação o Boticário de Proteção à Natureza, 29",{},{"id":26,"text":2934,"url":26,"identifiers":2935},"Machado R. B., 2004, Estimativas de perda da área do Cerrado brasileiro",{},{"id":26,"text":2937,"url":26,"identifiers":2938},"10.1890\u002F1051-0761(2000)010[0689:BICEGC]2.0.CO;2",{"doi":2937},{"id":26,"text":2940,"url":26,"identifiers":2941},"10.7312\u002Foliv12042-013",{"doi":2940},{"id":26,"text":2943,"url":26,"identifiers":2944},"Mendonça R., 1998, Flora vascular do Cerrado, 288",{},{"id":26,"text":2946,"url":26,"identifiers":2947},"Müller C., 2003, Expansion and modernization of agriculture in the Cerrado—the case of soybeans in Brazil's center‐West",{},{"id":26,"text":2949,"url":26,"identifiers":2950},"10.1038\u002F35002501",{"doi":2949},{"id":26,"text":2952,"url":26,"identifiers":2953},"Nassar N. M. A.2004.Keeping options alive and threat of extinction. A survey of wild cassava survival in its natural habitat. Departamento de Genética e Morfologia Universidade de Brasília Brasília . Available fromhttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.geneconserve.pro.br\u002Fartigo_2.htm(accessed January 2005)",{},{"id":26,"text":2955,"url":26,"identifiers":2956},"10.7312\u002Foliv12042",{"doi":2955},{"id":26,"text":2958,"url":26,"identifiers":2959},"Olsen K. andB. A.Schaal.1999.Evidence on the origin of cassava: phylogeography ofManihot esculenta.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences96:5586–5591.",{"doi":2960},"10.1073\u002Fpnas.96.10.5586",{"id":26,"text":2962,"url":26,"identifiers":2963},"Pivello V., 1999, Abundance and distribution of native and alien grasses in a Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) biological reserve, Biotropica, 31, 72",{},{"id":26,"text":2965,"url":26,"identifiers":2966},"Pufal D.V. L., 2000, The root causes of biodiversity loss, 95",{},{"id":26,"text":2968,"url":26,"identifiers":2969},"10.1017\u002FS0960428603000064",{"doi":2968},{"id":26,"text":2971,"url":26,"identifiers":2972},"Redford K. H., 1986, The role of gallery forests in the zoogeography of the Cerrado's non‐volant mammalian fauna, 126",{},{"id":26,"text":2974,"url":26,"identifiers":2975},"Ribeiro J. F., 1981, Anais do XXXII Congresso Nacional de Botânica, 124",{},{"id":26,"text":2977,"url":26,"identifiers":2978},"Rodrigues W., 2002, Tecnologias agrícolas sustentáveis no Cerrado. Coleção Centro‐Oeste de Estudos e Pesquisas 13",{},{"id":26,"text":2980,"url":26,"identifiers":2981},"Rylands A. B., 2005, The state of the world's protected areas. U.N. Environment Programme",{},{"id":26,"text":2983,"url":26,"identifiers":2984},"10.1641\u002F0006-3568(2002)052[0225:BPACIT]2.0.CO;2",{"doi":2983},{"id":26,"text":2986,"url":26,"identifiers":2987},"10.1016\u002Fj.agee.2003.12.007",{"doi":2986},{"id":26,"text":2989,"url":26,"identifiers":2990},"10.1590\u002FS1676-06032003000200005",{"doi":2989},{"id":26,"text":2992,"url":26,"identifiers":2993},"10.1029\u002F2003JD003589",{"doi":2992},{"id":26,"text":2995,"url":26,"identifiers":2996},"TNC (The Nature Conservancy), 2004, Cerrado",{},{"id":26,"text":2998,"url":26,"identifiers":2999},"10.1890\u002F01-6014",{"doi":2998},{"id":26,"text":3001,"url":26,"identifiers":3002},"10.1596\u002F0-8213-5547-3",{"doi":3001},{"id":26,"text":3004,"url":26,"identifiers":3005},"WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature), 1994, WWF",{},{"id":3007,"createTime":3008,"updateTime":3008,"relativeEntities":3009,"slug":3010,"properties":3011,"entityType":819,"verifyStatus":25,"verifyTime":3008,"verifyNote":820,"syncStatus":28,"languages":3023,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36,"primaryUrl":3024,"fullTextUrl":26,"authors":3025,"publicationType":884,"publisherRelationship":3078,"citationCount":3115,"citationInfo":3116,"publishDate":3118,"publishYear":3119,"citationAnalyzeStatus":28,"lastCitationAnalyze":26,"indexDatabases":26,"openAccess":26,"references":3120,"isForceReanalyzing":1447},"d48f57eb-19e7-4d84-b048-92d8f3298339","2024-10-02T08:15:09.576+00:00",[],"Natural-Capital-and-Sustainable-Development",{"mag":3012,"keywords":3014,"openalex":3015,"abstract":3017,"title":3019,"doi":3021},{"VOID":3013},"2124350766",{},{"VOID":3016},"W2124350766",{"EN":3018},"\u003Cjats:p>\u003Cjats:bold>Abstract:\u003C\u002Fjats:bold> A minimum necessary condition for sustainability is the maintenance of the total natural capital stock at or above the current level. While a lower stock of natural capital may be sustainable, society can allow no further decline in natural capital given the large uncertainty and the dire consequences of guessing wrong. This “constancy of total natural capital” rule can thus be seen as a prudent minimum condition for assuring sustainability, to be relaxed only when solid evidence can be offered that it is safe to do so.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>We discuss methodological issues concerning the degree of substitutability of manufactured for natural capital, quantifying ecosystem services and natural capital, and the role of the discount rate in valuing natural capital. We differentiate the concepts of growth (material increase in size) and development (improvement in organization without size change). Given these definitions, growth cannot the sustainable indefinitely on a finite planet. Development may be sustainable, but even this aspect of change may have some limits. One problem is that current measures of economic well‐being at the macro level (i.e., the Gross National Product) measure mainly growth, or at best conflate growth and development. This urgently requires revision.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Finally, we suggest some principles of sustainable development and describe why maintaining natural capital stocks is a prudent and achievable policy for insuring sustainable development. There is disagreement between technological optimists (who see technical progress as eliminating all resource constraints to growth and development) and technological skeptics (who do not see as much scope for this approach and fear irreversible use of resources and damage to natural capital). By maintaining natural capital stocks (preferably by using a natural capital depletion tax), we can satisfy both the skeptics (since resources will be conserved for future generations) and the optimists (since this will raise the price of natural capital depletion and more rapidly induce the technical change they predict).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":3020},"Natural Capital and Sustainable Development",{"VOID":3022},"10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1992.610037.x",[102],"https:\u002F\u002Fconbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1046\u002Fj.1523-1739.1992.610037.x",[3026,3047],{"id":3027,"sortIndex":36,"researcher":26,"roles":3028,"affiliations":3029,"properties":3040},"923da41d-91eb-4a62-aa44-94f54a06f0a9",[],[3030],{"id":3031,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":3032,"properties":26},"ba0ddf71-fe87-4077-afe7-eedced4c96f5",{"id":3033,"createTime":3034,"updateTime":3034,"relativeEntities":3035,"slug":3036,"properties":3037,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"7d175a7b-8f6e-41f5-80f4-12ba7ceba5b4","2024-10-02T08:15:09.593+00:00",[],"Director-Maryland-International-Institute-for-Ecological-Economics-Center-for-Environmental-and-Estuarine-Studies-University-of-Maryland-Box-38-Solomons-MD-20688-U-S-A-",{"title":3038},{"EN":3039},"Director, Maryland International Institute for Ecological Economics, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, U.S.A.",{"openalex":3041,"orcid":3043,"title":3045},{"VOID":3042},"A5091724650",{"VOID":3044},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-6348-8734",{"EN":3046},"Robert Costanza",{"id":3048,"sortIndex":115,"researcher":26,"roles":3049,"affiliations":3050,"properties":3071},"6a027ab0-0542-47b4-a466-8c2da05c11c3",[],[3051,3061],{"id":3052,"sortIndex":36,"affiliation":3053,"properties":26},"e250653a-976e-4a44-87a3-60549a9dc297",{"id":3054,"createTime":3055,"updateTime":3055,"relativeEntities":3056,"slug":3057,"properties":3058,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"dc65489e-b27f-44c8-ba3b-440cc5dcf585","2024-10-02T08:15:09.607+00:00",[],"-The-views-presented-here-are-those-of-the-author-and-should-in-no-way-be-attributed-to-the-World-Bank-",{"title":3059},{"EN":3060},"*\nThe views presented here are those of the author and should in no way be attributed to the World Bank.",{"id":3062,"sortIndex":115,"affiliation":3063,"properties":26},"a9e9e8d8-1d4a-4240-bbed-ebfc805090a9",{"id":3064,"createTime":3065,"updateTime":3065,"relativeEntities":3066,"slug":3067,"properties":3068,"entityType":98,"verifyStatus":28,"verifyTime":26,"verifyNote":26,"syncStatus":28,"languages":26,"translateLanguages":26,"viewCount":36},"d0c1919e-ef26-4e24-ba8f-2757af58d7ff","2024-10-02T08:15:09.611+00:00",[],"Environment-Department-The-World-Bank-1818-H-Street-NW-Washington-D-C-20433-U-S-A-",{"title":3069},{"EN":3070},"Environment Department, The World Bank, 1818 H. Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.",{"openalex":3072,"orcid":3074,"title":3076},{"VOID":3073},"A5027651591",{"VOID":3075},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-9755-8179",{"EN":3077},"Herman E. 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J. S.El Serafy andE.Lutz.1989.Environmental accounting for sustainable development.A UNEP—World Bank Symposium. The World Bank Washington D.C.",{},{"id":26,"text":3125,"url":26,"identifiers":3126},"Arrow K. J., 1976, Energy and the environment: a risk benefit approach",{},{"id":26,"text":3128,"url":26,"identifiers":3129},"10.1126\u002Fscience.225.4665.890",{"doi":3128},{"id":26,"text":3131,"url":26,"identifiers":3132},"10.1126\u002Fscience.210.4475.1219",{"doi":3131},{"id":26,"text":3134,"url":26,"identifiers":3135},"Costanza R., 1987, Social traps and environmental policy, Bio-Science, 37, 407",{},{"id":26,"text":3137,"url":26,"identifiers":3138},"Costanza R., 1991, Ecological economics: the science and management of sustainability, 525",{},{"id":26,"text":3140,"url":26,"identifiers":3141},"Costanza R., 1991, Ecological economics: the science and management of sustainability, 1",{},{"id":26,"text":3143,"url":26,"identifiers":3144},"Costanza R., 1989, Ecological Economics, 335",{},{"id":26,"text":3146,"url":26,"identifiers":3147},"10.1016\u002F0921-8009(90)90013-K",{"doi":3146},{"id":26,"text":3149,"url":26,"identifiers":3150},"Cross J. G., 1980, Social traps",{},{"id":26,"text":3152,"url":26,"identifiers":3153},"10.1086\u002F259412",{"doi":3152},{"id":26,"text":3155,"url":26,"identifiers":3156},"Daly H. E., 1973, Toward a steady‐state economy",{},{"id":26,"text":3158,"url":26,"identifiers":3159},"Daly H., 1977, Steady‐state economics: the political economy of bio‐physical equilibrium and moral growth",{},{"id":26,"text":3161,"url":26,"identifiers":3162},"10.1016\u002F0921-8009(90)90010-R",{"doi":3161},{"id":26,"text":3164,"url":26,"identifiers":3165},"Daly H. E., 1989, For the common good: redirecting the economy toward community, the environment, and a sustainable future, 482",{},{"id":26,"text":3167,"url":26,"identifiers":3168},"El Serafy S., 1989, A UNEP—World Bank Symposium. The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 10",{},{"id":26,"text":3170,"url":26,"identifiers":3171},"Farber S., 1987, The economic value of wetlands systems, Journal of Environmental Management, 24, 41",{},{"id":26,"text":3173,"url":26,"identifiers":3174},"Georgescu‐Roegen N., 1981, Energy, economics, and the environment: conflicting views of an essential interrelationship, 43",{},{"id":26,"text":3176,"url":26,"identifiers":3177},"Gever J., 1986, Beyond oil: the threat to food and fuel in the coming decades, 304",{},{"id":26,"text":3179,"url":26,"identifiers":3180},"Hall C. A. S., 1986, Energy and resource quality: the ecology of the economic process, 577",{},{"id":26,"text":3182,"url":26,"identifiers":3183},"Hannon B., 1985, Ecosystem, flow analysis, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 213, 97",{},{"id":26,"text":3185,"url":26,"identifiers":3186},"10.1126\u002Fscience.196.4297.1384",{"doi":3185},{"id":26,"text":3188,"url":26,"identifiers":3189},"Lovins A. B., 1987, Energy: the avoidable oil crisis, The Atlantic, 22",{},{"id":26,"text":3191,"url":26,"identifiers":3192},"MacNeil J.1990.Sustainable development economics and the growth imperative.Background Paper No. 3 Workshop on the Economics of Sustainable Development January 23. Washington D.C.",{},{"id":26,"text":3194,"url":26,"identifiers":3195},"Nordhaus W., 1972, Is growth obsolete?",{},{"id":26,"text":3197,"url":26,"identifiers":3198},"Page T.1977.Conservation and economic efficiency: an approach to materials policy.Resources for the Future Washington D.C.266pp.",{},{"id":26,"text":3200,"url":26,"identifiers":3201},"10.56021\u002F9780801839863",{"doi":3200},{"id":26,"text":3203,"url":26,"identifiers":3204},"Pezzey J.1989.Economic analysis of sustainable growth and sustainable development.Environment department working paper No. 15. The World Bank Washington D.C.",{},{"id":26,"text":3206,"url":26,"identifiers":3207},"Platt J.1983.Social traps. 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