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Environ Res 1995;69:15–30.\nElliott MR, Wang Y, Lowe RA, Kleindorfer PR. Environmental justice: Frequency and severity of US chemical industry accidents and the socio-economic status of surrounding communities. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:24–30.\nPerlin SA, Sexton K, Wong DWS. An examination of race and poverty for populations living near industrial sources of air pollution. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1999;9:29–48.\nLopez R. Segregation and black\u002Fwhite differences in exposure to air toxics in 1990. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110:289–95.\nBowen WM, Salling MJ, Haynes KE, Cyran EJ. Toward environmental justice: Spatial equity in Ohio and Cleveland. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 1995;85:641–63.\nBuzzelli M, Jerrett M. Racial gradients of ambient air pollution exposure in Hamilton, Canada. Environ Plan A 2004;36:1855–76.\nJerrett M, Eyles J, Cole D, Reader S. Environmental equity in Canada: An empirical investigation into the income distribution of pollution in Ontario. Environ Plan A 1997;29:1777–800.\nHandy F. Income and air pollution in Hamilton, Ontario. Alternatives 1977;6:18–24.\nBuzzelli M, Jerrett M, Burnett R, Finklestein N. Spatiotemporal perspectives on air pollution and environmental justice in Hamilton, Canada, 1985–1996. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 2003;93:557–73.\nJerrett M, Burnett RT, Kanaroglou P, Eyles J, Finkelstein N, Giovis C et al. A GIS — environmental justice analysis of particulate air pollution in Hamilton, Canada. Environ Plan A 2001;33:955–73.\nWeed DL, McKeown RE. Science and social responsibility in public health. Environ Health Perspect 2003;111:1804–8.\nStatistics Canada. Canadian Population Rank by Urban Area. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada, 2002.\nNational Pollutant Release Inventory. 2001 National Overview: Final Disposal and Off-site Transfers for Treatment Prior to Final Disposal. Gatineau, QC: Environment Canada, 2003.\nBullard RD, Wright BH. Environmental justice for all — Community perspectives on health and research needs. Toxicol Ind Health 1993;9:821–41.\nHelfand GE, Peyton LJ. A conceptual model of environmental justice. Soc Sci Q 1999;80:68–83.\nDooley D, Fielding J, Levi L. Health and unemployment. Annu Rev Public Health 1996;17:449–65.\nHébert F, Duguay P, Massicotte P. Les indicateurs de lésions indemnisées en santé et en sécurité du travail au Québec: analyse par secteur d’activité économique en 1995–1997. Montréal, QC: IRSST, 2003.\nElo IT, Preston SH. Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979–85. Soc Sci Med 1996;42:47–57.\nAdler NE, Boyce T, Chesney MA, Cohen S, Folkman S, Kahn RL et al. Socioeconomic status and health. The challenge of the gradient. Am Psychol 1994;49:15–24.\nKrieger N, Williams DR, Moss NE. Measuring social class in US public health research: Concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health 1997;18:341–78.\nDirection de santé publique de Montréal. La santé urbaine: une condition nécessaire à l’essor de Montréal. Montréal, 2002.\nNational Environmental Justice Advisory Council Cumulative Risks\u002FImpacts Work Group. Ensuring Risk Reduction in Communities with Multiple Stressors: Environmental Justice and Cumulative Risks\u002FImpacts. Washington, 2004.\nDuchemin É, Guyon S, Lacroix S, Si-Ammour S. Étude exploratoire sur la situation des salariées immigrantes du Québec, recensement de 1996. Montréal: CAMO-Personnes Immigrantes, 2003.\nDaniels G, Friedman S. Spatial inequality and the distribution of industrial toxic releases: Evidence from the 1990 TRI. Soc Sci Q 1999;80:244–62.\nRingquist EJ. Equity and the distribution of environmental risk: The case of TRI facilities. Soc Sci Q 1997;78:811–29.",{"EN":128},"Differential exposure to environmental hazards is one component of the social gradient in health. 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Prev Med 2000;31(5):575–83.",{"doi":488},"10.1006\u002Fpmed.2000.0753",{"id":20,"text":490,"url":20,"identifiers":491},"Tu SP, Yasui Y, Kuniyuki AA, Schwartz SM, Jackson JC, Hislop TG, et al. Mammography screening among Chinese American women. Cancer 2003;97(5):1293–302.",{"doi":492},"10.1002\u002Fcncr.11169",{"id":20,"text":494,"url":20,"identifiers":495},"Hiatt RA, Pasick RJ, Perez-Stable E, McPhee SJ, Engelstad L, Lee M, et al. Pathways to early detection in the multiethnic population of the San Francisco Bay area. Health Educ Q Suppl 1996;23:S10–S27.",{"doi":496},"10.1177\u002F109019819602301S03",{"id":20,"text":498,"url":20,"identifiers":499},"Tu SP, Taplin SH, Barlow WE, Boyko EJ. Breast cancer screening by Asian-American women in a managed care environment. Am J Prev Med 1999;17(1):55–61.",{"doi":500},"10.1016\u002FS0749-3797(99)00043-4",{"id":20,"text":502,"url":20,"identifiers":503},"Statistics Canada. Census Recensement 96. 1996. Available on-line at \n                    https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.statcan.ca\n                    \n                  \u002Feng-lish\u002Fcensus96\u002Ffeb17\u002Fvmbc.htm",{},{"id":20,"text":505,"url":20,"identifiers":506},"Hislop TG, Schwartz SM, Taylor V, Jackson JC, Tu SP. Identification of Chinese Subjects for Etiological and Cancer Control Research: Description of Sampling Methods Based Upon Surnames. New Orleans: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Annual Meeting, 2000;87.",{},{"id":20,"text":508,"url":20,"identifiers":509},"Eyton J, Neuwirth G. Cross-cultural validity: Ethnocentrism in health studies with special reference to the Vietnamese. Soc Sci Med 1984;18(5):447–53.",{"doi":510},"10.1016\u002F0277-9536(84)90061-3",{"id":20,"text":512,"url":20,"identifiers":513},"McPhee SJ, Bird JA, Ha NT, Jenkins C, Fordham D, Le B. Pathways to early cancer detection for Vietnamese women: Suc Khoe La Vang! (Health is Gold!) Health Educ Q Suppl 1996;23:S60–S75.",{"doi":514},"10.1177\u002F109019819602301S06",{"id":20,"text":516,"url":20,"identifiers":517},"Curry SJ, Emmons K. Theoretical models for predicting and improving compliance with breast cancer screening. Ann Behav Med 1994;16:302–16.",{},{"id":20,"text":519,"url":20,"identifiers":520},"Green L, Krueler M. Applications of PRECEDE-PROCEED in Community Settings. Health Promotion Planning: An Educational and Environmental Approach. Palo Alto: Mayfield, 1991.",{},{"id":20,"text":522,"url":20,"identifiers":523},"Jackson JC, Do H, Chitnarong K, Tu SP, Marchand A, Hislop TG, et al. Development of cervical cancer control interventions for Chinese immigrants. J Immigrant Health 2002;4(3):147–57.",{"doi":524},"10.1023\u002FA:1015650901458",{"id":20,"text":526,"url":20,"identifiers":527},"Screening Mammography Program of British Columbia. Information about screening mam-mogram for women in their 50s, 60s and 70s. Vancouver: SMPBC, 2001.",{},{"id":20,"text":529,"url":20,"identifiers":530},"Rosner B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics, Fifth ed. Boston: Duxbury, 2000.",{},{"id":20,"text":532,"url":20,"identifiers":533},"Kleinbaum DG. Logistic Regression: A Self-learning Text. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994.",{"doi":534},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4757-4108-7",{"id":20,"text":536,"url":20,"identifiers":537},"Katz SJ, Larson EB, LoGerfo JP. Trends in the utilization of mammography in Washington State and British Columbia: Relation to stage of diagnosis and mortality. Med Care 1992;30(4):320–28.",{"doi":538},"10.1097\u002F00005650-199204000-00003",{"id":20,"text":540,"url":20,"identifiers":541},"Katz SJ, Hislop TG, Thomas DB, Larson EB. Delay from symptom to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in Washington State and British Columbia. Med Care 1993;31(3):264–68.",{"doi":542},"10.1097\u002F00005650-199303000-00007",{"id":20,"text":544,"url":20,"identifiers":545},"Katz SJ, Hofer TP. Socioeconomic disparities in preventive care persist despite universal coverage. Breast and cervical cancer screening in Ontario and the United States. JAMA 1994;272(7):530–34.",{"doi":546},"10.1001\u002Fjama.1994.03520070050037",{"id":20,"text":548,"url":20,"identifiers":549},"Katz SJ, Zemencuk JK, Hofer TP. Breast cancer screening in the United States and Canada, 1994: Socioeconomic gradients persist. Am J Public Health 2000;90(5):799–803.",{"doi":550},"10.2105\u002FAJPH.90.5.799",{"id":20,"text":552,"url":20,"identifiers":553},"Mandelblatt JS, Gold K, O’Malley AS, Taylor K, Cagney K, Hopkins JS, et al. Breast and cervix cancer screening among multiethnic women: Role of age, health, and source of care. Prev Med 1999;28(4):418–25.",{"doi":554},"10.1006\u002Fpmed.1998.0446",{"id":20,"text":556,"url":20,"identifiers":557},"Hiatt RA, Pasick RJ, Stewart S, Bloom J, Davis P, Gardiner P, et al. Community-based cancer screening for underserved women: Design and baseline findings from the Breast and Cervical Cancer Intervention Study. Prev Med 2001;33(3):190–203.",{"doi":558},"10.1006\u002Fpmed.2001.0871",{"id":20,"text":560,"url":20,"identifiers":561},"O’Malley MS, Earp JA, Hawley ST, Schell MJ, Mathews HF, Mitchell J. The association of race\u002Fethnicity, socioeconomic status, and physician recommendation for mammography: Who gets the message about breast cancer screening? Am J Public Health 2001;91(1):49–54.",{"doi":562},"10.2105\u002FAJPH.91.1.49",{"id":20,"text":564,"url":20,"identifiers":565},"Stein JA, Fox SA, Murata PJ. The influence of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and psychological barriers on use of mammography. J Health Soc Behav 1991;32(2):101–13.",{"doi":566},"10.2307\u002F2137146",{"id":20,"text":568,"url":20,"identifiers":569},"Grana G. Ethnic differences in mammography use among older women: Overcoming the barriers. Ann Intern Med 1998;128(9):773–75.",{"doi":570},"10.7326\u002F0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00013",{"id":20,"text":572,"url":20,"identifiers":573},"Qureshi M, Thacker HL, Litaker DG, Kippes C. Differences in breast cancer screening rates: An issue of ethnicity or socioeconomics? J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000;9(9):1025–31.",{"doi":574},"10.1089\u002F15246090050200060",{"id":20,"text":576,"url":20,"identifiers":577},"Maxwell AE, Bastani R, Warda US. Mammography utilization and related attitudes among Korean-American women. Women Health 1998;27(3):89–107.",{"doi":578},"10.1300\u002FJ013v27n03_07",{"id":20,"text":580,"url":20,"identifiers":581},"McPhee SJ, Stewart S, Brock KC, Bird JA, Jenkins CN, Pham GQ. Factors associated with breast and cervical cancer screening practices among Vietnamese American women. Cancer Detect Prev 1997;21(6):510–21.",{},{"id":20,"text":583,"url":20,"identifiers":584},"Pham CT, McPhee SJ. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of breast and cervical cancer screening among Vietnamese women. J Cancer Educ 1992;7(4):305–10.",{"doi":585},"10.1080\u002F08858199209528187",{"id":20,"text":587,"url":20,"identifiers":588},"Mo B. Modesty, sexuality, and breast health in Chinese-American women. West J Med 1992;157(3):260–64.",{},{"id":20,"text":590,"url":20,"identifiers":591},"Nguyen TT, McPhee SJ, Somkin CP, Vo P, Nguyen BH, Shema SJ. How valid are PAP smear and mammogram self-reports in a multiethnic population? J Gen Intern Med 2001;16(S1):160.",{},{"id":593,"createTime":594,"updateTime":595,"relativeEntities":596,"slug":597,"properties":598,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":595,"verifyNote":135,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":607,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":608,"publicationType":202,"publisherRelationship":648,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":682,"publishYear":683,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":239},"eefc0fa9-3a8c-4b15-8711-f59980824932","2024-01-14T20:28:47.869+00:00","2024-12-11T23:58:39.154+00:00",[],"Costs-for-Tuberculosis-Care-in-Canada",{"references":599,"abstract":601,"title":603,"doi":605},{"VOID":600},"Ellis E, Sauvé L, Phypers M, Sheardown C, Allegakone M. Tuberculosis in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada, 2004. Available online at https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.phac-aspc.gc.ca\u002F publicat\u002Ftbcan02\u002Findex.html (Accessed July 2007).\nLong R, Njoo H, Hershfield E. Tuberculosis: 3. Epidemiology of the disease in Canada. CMAJ 1999;160(8):1185–90.\nOntario Case Costing Initiative. 2004. Available online at: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.occp.com\u002F (Accessed November 2005).\nCanadian Institutes for Health Information. Health Indicators. 2005;28. Statistics Canada, editor. Available online at: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fsecure.cihi.ca\u002F cihiweb\u002FdispPage.jsp?cw_page=process_ download_form_e (Accessed July 2007).\nDasgupta K, Schwartzman K, Marchand R, Tannenbaum TN, Brassard P, Menzies D. Comparison of cost effectiveness of tuberculosis screening of close contacts and foreign-born populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162(6):2079–86.\nBank of Canada. Inflation calculator. 2005. Available online at: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.bankofcanada.ca\u002Fen\u002Frates\u002Finflation_calc.html (Accessed March 4, 2005).\nEllis E, Medaglia A, Phypers M, Sheardown C. Tuberculosis: Drug resistance in Canada, 2002: Reported susceptibility results of the Canadian Tuberculosis Laboratory Surveillance System. Health Canada, 2003.\nGupta R, Cegielski JP, Espinal MA, Henkens M, Kim JY, Lambregts-van Weezenbeek CS, et al. Increasing transparency in partnerships for health - introducing the Green Light Committee. Trop Med Int Health 2002;7:970–76.\nLong R. Canadian Tuberculosis Standards. 2000\u002F2001 edition. Toronto, ON: Canadian Lung Association, 2000.\nBC Centre for Disease Control. Annual Report Tuberculosis Control in 2002. Vancouver, BC: BC Ministry of Health, 2003.\nBlum RN, Polish LB, Tapy JM, Catlin BJ, Cohn DL. Results of screening for tuberculosis in foreign-born persons applying for adjustment of immigration status. 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Available online at: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.tbs-sct.gc.ca\u002Fpubs_pd\u002Fhrpubs\u002Fratesofpay\u002Fra97_e.asp (Accessed February 15, 2006).\nCanadian Institute for Health Information. Available online at: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fsecure.cihi.ca\u002Fcihiweb\u002F dispPage.jsp?cw_page=home_e (Accessed August 2004).\nKhan K, Muennig P, Behta M, Pharm D, Zivin JG. Global drug-resistance patterns and the management of latent tuberculosis infection in immigrants to the United States. N Engl J Med 2002;347(23):1850–59.\nBrown RE, Miller B, Taylor WR, Palmer C, Bosco L, Nicola RM, et al. Health-care expenditures for tuberculosis in the United States. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:1595–600.\nSchwartzman K, Menzies D. Tuberculosis screening of immigrants to low-prevalence countries. A cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:780–89.\nDemeter SJ, Jacobs P, Chmielowie C, Logus W, Hailey D, Fassbender K, et al. The cost of lung cancer in Alberta. 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Delayed recognition and infection control for tuberculosis patients in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1995;26(3):290–95.\nVenkatarama KR, Iademarco EP, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. Delays in the suspicion and treatment of tuberculosis among hospitalized patients. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:404–11.\nLiam CK, Tang BG. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients attending a university teaching hospital. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1997;1(4):326–32.\nNaalsund A, Heldal E, Johansen B, Kongerud J, Boe J. Deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis in a low-incidence country. J Intern Med 1994;236:137–42.\nSchwartzman K, Oxlade O, Barr G, Grimard F, Acosta I, Baez J, et al. Domestic returns from investment in the control of tuberculosis in other countries. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1008–20.",{"EN":602},"We have estimated tuberculosis (TB)-related expenditures by governments and other third parties in Canada in 2004, in order to compare spending on different activities, by various jurisdictions, and in different regions. To ascertain health system costs (including public health costs), a self-administered questionnaire was completed by all federal, provincial, and territorial health departments and laboratories involved in TB activities and a sample of local health departments. Hospitalization information was obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, while costs for care were derived from published literature. Costs borne by patients and families were not included. All costs were ascertained for 2004 and expressed in Canadian dollars. In 2004, total TB-related expenditures in Canada were $74 million, equivalent to $47,290 for every active TB case diagnosed in that year. Research accounted for $4.5 million (or 6% of the total). Non-research-related federal spending accounted for $16.3 million (22%) and provincial\u002Fterritorial expenditures accounted for $53.1 million (72%). Active tuberculosis accounted for $31 million or 59% of provincial\u002Fterritorial expenditures. There were substantial regional differences in TB-related expenditures; the highest expenditures were in the Northern Territories ($72,441 per active TB case), followed by the four Western provinces ($35,914), and lowest in the Atlantic provinces ($28,259). Total TB-related expenditures in Canada in 2004 were considerable, of which almost 60% were for curative services and only 40% for prevention and control activities. Regional differences likely reflect differences in accessibility of the populations to health care services, and greater interventions in communities with ongoing TB transmission.",{"EN":604},"Costs for Tuberculosis Care in Canada",{"VOID":606},"10.1007\u002FBF03405248","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF03405248",[609,624,636],{"id":610,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":611,"affiliations":612,"properties":621},"5f9c4b06-812e-4ae3-8ae0-a7dd8342bb99",[141],[613],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":614,"properties":20},{"id":615,"createTime":616,"updateTime":616,"relativeEntities":617,"slug":20,"properties":618,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"13dae9d9-6f4b-4a66-8eb3-8eff60efa984","2024-01-10T21:15:21.345+00:00",[],{"title":619},{"VI":620},"Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada",{"title":622},{"VI":623},"Dick Menzies",{"id":625,"sortIndex":109,"researcher":20,"roles":626,"affiliations":627,"properties":633},"66e25062-f9b2-41cb-9332-b2df6366ab6d",[141],[628],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":629,"properties":20},{"id":615,"createTime":616,"updateTime":616,"relativeEntities":630,"slug":20,"properties":631,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":632},{"VI":620},{"title":634},{"VI":635},"Megan 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Crowcroft",{"id":799,"sortIndex":359,"researcher":20,"roles":800,"affiliations":801,"properties":807},"7f3d4794-c971-461b-9b4e-38c7483bb25d",[],[802],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":803,"properties":20},{"id":714,"createTime":715,"updateTime":715,"relativeEntities":804,"slug":717,"properties":805,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":806},{"EN":720},{"openalex":808,"title":810},{"VOID":809},"A5003755699",{"EN":811},"Gordean Bjornson",{"id":813,"sortIndex":109,"researcher":20,"roles":814,"affiliations":815,"properties":821},"a20e2591-ab98-42d8-a83d-5e33b4f33fd6",[],[816],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":817,"properties":20},{"id":714,"createTime":715,"updateTime":715,"relativeEntities":818,"slug":717,"properties":819,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":820},{"EN":720},{"openalex":822,"orcid":824,"title":826},{"VOID":823},"A5034354208",{"VOID":825},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4947-6208",{"EN":827},"Monika Naus",{"url":20,"publisher":829,"properties":20},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":830,"slug":10,"properties":831,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":835,"manageAffiliations":836,"indexDatabases":837,"url":104,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":852,"gsStatistic":20,"type":113,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":832,"eissn":833,"title":834},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},[],[],[838,845],{"id":86,"indexDatabase":839,"url":101,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":844,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":88,"createTime":89,"updateTime":90,"relativeEntities":840,"label":841,"description":842,"key":97,"publicationTags":843,"standard":20},[],{"EN":93,"VI":93},{"VI":95,"EN":96},[99,100],[103],{"id":66,"indexDatabase":846,"url":79,"indexYears":80,"academicFieldIds":851,"indexDatabaseRanking":84},{"id":68,"createTime":69,"updateTime":70,"relativeEntities":847,"label":848,"description":849,"key":76,"publicationTags":850,"standard":20},[],{"EN":73,"VI":73},{"EN":73,"VI":75},[78],[82,83],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":853,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":107,"totalPublicationByYear":854,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":855,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":856,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"2000":109,"2002":109,"2003":109,"2004":109,"2006":110,"2009":110,"2010":110,"2011":109,"2013":110,"2018":109,"2019":109,"2021":110,"2022":109},{},{},{"total":109,"publishYear":20,"statisticByYear":858},{"2014":109},"2011-05-01",2011,"ERROR_IN_ANALYZE_CITATION","2024-04-14T21:34:01.131+00:00",[864,868,871,875,879,882,885],{"id":20,"text":865,"url":20,"identifiers":866},"Roush SW, Murphy TV and the Vaccine-Preventable Disease Table Working Group. Historical comparisons of morbidity and mortality for vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States. JAMA 2007;298:2155–63.",{"doi":867},"10.1001\u002Fjama.298.18.2155",{"id":20,"text":869,"url":20,"identifiers":870},"National Immunization Strategy: Final Report 2003. Available at: \n                    https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.phac-aspc.gc.ca\n                    \n                  \u002Fpublicat\u002Fnis-sni-03\u002Findex-eng.php (Accessed May 20, 2010).",{},{"id":20,"text":872,"url":20,"identifiers":873},"Bettinger JA, Scheifele DW, Le Saux N, Halperin SA, Vaudry W, Tsang R. The impact of childhood meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine programs in Canada. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28:220–24.",{"doi":874},"10.1097\u002FINF.0b013e31819040e7",{"id":20,"text":876,"url":20,"identifiers":877},"Bettinger JA, Scheifele DW, Kellner JD, Halperin SA, Vaudry W, Law B, Tyrrell G. The effect of routine vaccination on invasive pneumococcal infections in Canadian children, Immunization Monitoring Program, Active 2000–2007. Vaccine 2010;28:2130–36.",{"doi":878},"10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2009.12.026",{"id":20,"text":880,"url":20,"identifiers":881},"US Centers for Disease Control. CDC Vaccine Price List. Available at: \n                    https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.cdc.gov\u002F\n                    \n                  vaccines\u002Fprograms\u002Fvfc\u002Fcdc-vac-price-list.htm (Accessed October 16, 2010).",{},{"id":20,"text":883,"url":20,"identifiers":884},"Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Research Priorities Workshop–Final Report, 2005).",{},{"id":20,"text":886,"url":20,"identifiers":887},"Erickson LJ, DeWals P, Farand L. An analytical framework for immunization programs in Canada. Vaccine 2005;23:2470–76.",{"doi":888},"10.1016\u002Fj.vaccine.2004.10.029",{"id":890,"createTime":891,"updateTime":892,"relativeEntities":893,"slug":894,"properties":895,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":892,"verifyNote":135,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":110,"primaryUrl":904,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":905,"publicationType":202,"publisherRelationship":1013,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1047,"publishYear":1048,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":239},"fb80c2ec-9a61-4f38-9460-3c68f5f3bf93","2023-12-19T13:35:27.505+00:00","2025-01-02T23:58:29.758+00:00",[],"Bed-Bugs-and-Public-Health-New-Approaches-for-an-Old-Scourge",{"references":896,"abstract":898,"title":900,"doi":902},{"VOID":897},"Harlan HJ. Bed bugs 101: The basics of Cimex lectularius. Am Entomol 2006;52:99–101.\nDavies TG, Field LM, Williamson MS. The re-emergence of the bed bug as a nuisance pest: Implications of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides. Med Vet Entomol 2012;26(3):241–54.\nJacobson JB, Wheeler K, Hoffman R, Mitchell Y, Beckman J, Mehler L, et al. Acute illnesses associated with insecticides used to control bed bugs - seven states, 2003–2010. MMWR 2011;60(37):1269–74.\nComack E, Lyons J. What happens when the bed bugs do bite? The social impacts of a bed bug infestation on Winnipeg’s inner-city residents. Winnipeg, MB: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2011. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.policyalternatives.ca\u002Fpublications\u002Freports\u002Fwhat-happens-when-bed-bugs-do-bite (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nCalifornia Department of Public Health. Pesticides. Sacramento, CA: CDPH, 2010. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.cdph.ca.gov\u002FHEALTHINFO\u002FENVIRONHEALTH\u002FPages\u002FPesticides.aspx (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nFait A, Iversen B, Tiramani M, Visentin S, Maroni M, He F. Preventing health risks from the use of pesticides in agriculture. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2001. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Foccupational_health\u002Fpublications\u002Fen\u002Foehpesticides.pdf (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nCanadian Public Health Association, editor. Bed Bugs and Public Health: A Re-emerging Scourge for the New Public Health. CPHA 2010 Annual Conference, June 13–16, 2010. Toronto, ON: CPHA.\nAyre R. Bed bugs - the Toronto experience. Toronto, ON: Toronto Public Health, 2010.\nToronto Public Health. Toronto bed bug project. Toronto: City of Toronto, 2011. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.toronto.ca\u002Fhealth\u002Fbedbugs\u002Ftorontobedbug-project.htm (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nMelanson T. Ontario to invest $5-million to fight bedbugs. The Globe and Mail. 2011 Jan 10.\nU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pesticides: Controlling pests. Washington, DC: EPA, 2011. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.epa.gov\u002Fbedbugs\u002F (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nDoggett SL. A code of practice for the control of bed bug infestations in Australia, Draft Fourth Edition. Westmead, Australia: Bed Bug Code of Practice Working Party, Australian Environmental Pest Managers Association, 2011. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fmedent.usyd.edu.au\u002Fbedbug\u002Fbedbug_cop.htm (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nMichigan Bed Bug Working Group. Michigan Manual for the Prevention and Control of Bed Bugs. Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of Community Health, 2010. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.michigan.gov\u002Fdocuments\u002Femergingdiseases\u002FBed_Bug_Manual_v1_full_reduce_326605_7.pdf (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nOntario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. An Integrated Pest Management Program for Managing Bed Bugs. Toronto: Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2011. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fbedbugsinfo.ca\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2011\u002F01\u002FBedBugs_IPM.pdf (Accessed May 2011).\nEdmonton Bed Bug Project. Edmonton’s Guide to Preventing and Getting Rid of Bed Bugs Safely. A Guide for Property Owners, Operators, Managers & Tenants. Edmonton, AB: City of Edmonton, 2012. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.eaa.ab.ca\u002Fupload\u002Fdocuments\u002FEdm%20Bed%20Bug%20Guide_Final.pdf (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nOwen B. Province declares war on bed bugs. Winnipeg Free Press. 2010 Mar 10; Sect. A3.\nWinnipeg Regional Health Authority. Bed bugs. Fact sheet. Winnipeg, MB: Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, 2010. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.wrha.mb.ca\u002Fhealthinfo\u002Fa-z\u002Ffiles\u002FBedBugs.pdf (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nGovernment of Manitoba. What you should know about bed bugs. Winnipeg: Manitoba Non-profit Grant Program, 2011. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.mb.ca\u002Fbedbugs\u002Fnonprofit.html (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nManitoba Provincial Bed Bug Coalition. Report on Provincial Bed Bug Coalition. Winnipeg: City of Winnipeg, Bed Bug Taskforce, 2011.\nAgence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal. Punaises de lit. Montréal, QC: Sante Montréal, 2011. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.santemontreal.qc.ca\u002Fprevention\u002Fenvironnement-sain\u002Fpunaises-de-lit\u002F (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nCity of Montreal. By-law amending the by-law concerning the sanitation, maintenance and safety of dwelling units (03-096) and the bylaw concerning the extermination (2011). Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fville.montreal.qc.ca\u002Fsel\u002Fsypre-consultation\u002Fafficherpdf?idDoc=23070&typeDoc=1 (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pesticides: Controlling pests. EPA-registered bed bug products. Washington: EPA, 2012. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fcfpub.epa.gov\u002Foppref\u002Fbedbug\u002F (Accessed May 7, 2012).\nVancouver Coastal Health. Bed bugs. A guide to help you control bed bugs. Vancouver, BC: VCH, 2012. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vch.ca\u002Fyour_environ-ment\u002Fpest_management\u002Fbed-bugs\u002F (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nBC Housing. Bed bugs. Vancouver: Government of British Columbia, 2012. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bchousing.org\u002FPartners\u002FOngoing\u002FGuide\u002FBed_bugs (Accessed April 12, 2012).\nVancouver Area Network of Drug Users. A Pilot Project. Modeling an Effective Process to Control Bedbugs in the Downtown Eastside. Vancouver: VANDU, 2007. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.vancouveragreement.ca\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2007_APilotProjectBedbugs.pdf (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nO’Neil A. A Pilot Project Phase II. Modeling an Effective Process to Control Bedbugs in the Downtown Eastside. Vancouver: VANDU, 2008. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.vancouveragreement.ca\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2007_APilotProjectBedbugs.pdf (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nCity of Montréal. Montréal adopts a regional plan to fight against bedbugs. 2011. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fville.montreal.qc.ca\u002Fportal\u002Fpage?_pageid=5977, 43117560&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&id=16133 (Accessed May 31, 2011).\nOntario Health Protection and Promotion Act - Section 13. Order by M.O.H. or public health inspector re health hazard. R.S.O. 1990, Chapter H.7, (1990).\nCity of Winnipeg. Neighbourhood liveability by-law, 100\u002F2008 (2008). Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwinnipeg.ca\u002FCLKDMIS\u002FDocExt\u002FViewDoc.asp?DocumentTypeId=1&DocId=3996 (Accessed May 31, 2011).",{"EN":899},"Objective: To share four Canadian cities’ experiences with bed bug infestations and to explore public health roles in managing them. Methods: We summarize presentations from a workshop at the 2010 Canadian Public Health Association Conference which examined the re-emergence of bed bugs in Canada and compared management approaches of municipal and public health authorities in four large Canadian cities. We include updates on their activities since the workshop. Results: Cities across Canada have observed an increase in complaints of bed bug infestations over recent years. Toronto Public Health considers bed bugs to be a threat to health and has been heavily involved in the front-line response to bed bug complaints. In Winnipeg, Montreal and Vancouver, city inspectors are responsible for investigating complaints, and public health plays a supporting or secondary role. We identified factors that may contribute to successful management of bed bugs: sufficient funding, partnerships among many stakeholders, training and education, and surveillance and evaluation. Conclusion: Various public health agencies in Canadian cities have played key roles in the fight against bed bugs through new initiatives, education, and encouragement and support for others. By working with the public, owners, tenants, the health sector and other stakeholders, public health practitioners can begin to curb the resurgence of bed bugs and the social strains associated with them. Objectifs: Relater l’expérience de quatre villes canadiennes aux prises avec des infestations de punaises de lit et analyser le rôle joué par la santé publique pour maîtriser ces infestations. Méthode: Nous résumons les présentations d’un atelier donné à la Conférence 2010 de l’Association canadienne de santé publique, où l’on a examiné la réémergence des punaises de lit au Canada et comparé les approches de prise en charge des autorités municipales et sanitaires dans quatre grandes villes canadiennes. Nous incluons des nouvelles de leurs activités depuis l’atelier. Résultats: De nombreuses villes du Canada observent une hausse des plaintes d’infestations de punaises de lit depuis quelques années. Le Service de santé publique de Toronto, qui considère les punaises de lit comme une menace pour la santé, est très impliqué dans les interventions de première ligne en cas de plainte d’infestation. À Winnipeg, Montréal et Vancouver, ce sont les inspecteurs de la ville qui sont chargés d’enquêter sur les plaintes, la santé publique jouant un rôle secondaire ou de soutien. Nous avons recensé les facteurs pouvant contribuer à une prise en charge efficace des punaises de lit: des fonds suffisants, des partenariats entre les nombreux acteurs du milieu, la formation et la sensibilisation, ainsi que la surveillance et l’évaluation. Conclusion: Divers organismes de santé publique dans les villes canadiennes jouent un rôle clé dans la lutte contre les punaises de lit en menant de nouvelles initiatives, en faisant de la sensibilisation, et en offrant soutien et encouragement à d’autres. En travaillant avec le public, les propriétaires, les locataires, le secteur de la santé et les autres acteurs, les praticiens de la santé publique peuvent espérer juguler la réapparition des punaises de lit et les tensions sociales qui en résultent.",{"EN":901},"Bed Bugs and Public Health: New Approaches for an Old 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BMJ 2004;328:702–8.",{"doi":1210},"10.1136\u002Fbmj.328.7441.702",{"id":20,"text":1212,"url":20,"identifiers":1213},"Edwards SJL. Ethical issues in the design and conduct of cluster randomised controlled trials. BMJ 1999;318:1407–9.",{"doi":1214},"10.1136\u002Fbmj.318.7195.1407",{"id":20,"text":1216,"url":20,"identifiers":1217},"Duflo E. Scaling up and evaluation. In. ABCDE, 2003;39. Available online at: \n                    http:\u002F\u002Feconwww.mit.edu\n                    \n                   (Accessed on December 9, 2005).",{},{"id":20,"text":1219,"url":20,"identifiers":1220},"Torgerson, DJ. Contamination in trials: Is cluster randomisation the answer. BMJ 2001;322:355–57.",{"doi":1221},"10.1136\u002Fbmj.322.7282.355",{"id":20,"text":1223,"url":20,"identifiers":1224},"Varnell SP, Murray DM, Janega JB, Blitstein JL. Design and analysis of group-randomized trials: A review of recent practices. 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Complex interventions: How “out of control” can a randomised controlled trial be. BMJ 2004;328:1561–63.",{"doi":1239},"10.1136\u002Fbmj.328.7455.1561",{"id":20,"text":1241,"url":20,"identifiers":1242},"Duflo E, Kremer M. Use of randomization in the evaluation of development effectiveness. In. World Bank Operations Evaluation Department (OED) Conference on Evaluation and Development Effectiveness, 2003;37. Available online at: \n                    http:\u002F\u002Fecon-www.mit.edu\n                    \n                   (Accessed on December 9, 2005).",{},{"id":20,"text":1244,"url":20,"identifiers":1245},"Godwin M, Ruhland L, Casson I, MacDonald S, Delva D, Birtwhistle R, et al. Pragmatic controlled clinical trials in primary care: The struggle between external and internal validity. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2003;3(28). Available online at: \n                    http:\u002F\u002Fwww.biomedcentral.com\n                    \n                   (Accessed on December 9, 2005).",{},{"id":1247,"createTime":1248,"updateTime":1249,"relativeEntities":1250,"slug":1251,"properties":1252,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":1249,"verifyNote":135,"syncStatus":19,"languages":1261,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1262,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1263,"publicationType":202,"publisherRelationship":1298,"citationCount":1327,"citationInfo":1328,"publishDate":1330,"publishYear":238,"citationAnalyzeStatus":861,"lastCitationAnalyze":1331,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":1332,"isForceReanalyzing":239},"ab1715e9-f979-4f11-93c8-d856870b4477","2024-04-14T00:46:35.005+00:00","2025-01-01T23:57:30.838+00:00",[],"Canadian-Opinions-on-Publicly-Financed-Dental-Care",{"keywords":1253,"openalex":1254,"abstract":1256,"title":1257,"doi":1259},{},{"VOID":1255},"W4232759292",{},{"EN":1258},"Canadian Opinions on Publicly Financed Dental Care",{"VOID":1260},"10.1007\u002Fbf03405446",[262],"http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002FBF03405446",[1264,1284],{"id":1265,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1266,"affiliations":1267,"properties":1277},"1a9c35f4-0668-4c3b-964c-1b4ed77865ee",[],[1268],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1269,"properties":20},{"id":1270,"createTime":1271,"updateTime":1271,"relativeEntities":1272,"slug":1273,"properties":1274,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"44831b93-749d-49a0-8766-777bc573060c","2024-04-14T00:46:35.084+00:00",[],"University-of-Toronto-Room-521A-Community-Dental-Health-Services-Research-Unit-Faculty-of-Dentistry-124-Edward-Street-Toronto-ON-M5G-1G6-Canada",{"title":1275},{"EN":1276},"University of Toronto, Room #521A, Community Dental Health Services Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada",{"openalex":1278,"orcid":1280,"title":1282},{"VOID":1279},"A5045322444",{"VOID":1281},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-8311-3056",{"EN":1283},"Carlos Quiñonez",{"id":1285,"sortIndex":109,"researcher":20,"roles":1286,"affiliations":1287,"properties":1293},"dc241b35-8304-4fc8-96b4-37a574f20a4f",[],[1288],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1289,"properties":20},{"id":1270,"createTime":1271,"updateTime":1271,"relativeEntities":1290,"slug":1273,"properties":1291,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":1292},{"EN":1276},{"openalex":1294,"title":1296},{"VOID":1295},"A5001760088",{"EN":1297},"David Locker",{"url":20,"publisher":1299,"properties":20},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1300,"slug":10,"properties":1301,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":1305,"manageAffiliations":1306,"indexDatabases":1307,"url":104,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":1322,"gsStatistic":20,"type":113,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":1302,"eissn":1303,"title":1304},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"EN":17},[],[],[1308,1315],{"id":86,"indexDatabase":1309,"url":101,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":1314,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":88,"createTime":89,"updateTime":90,"relativeEntities":1310,"label":1311,"description":1312,"key":97,"publicationTags":1313,"standard":20},[],{"EN":93,"VI":93},{"VI":95,"EN":96},[99,100],[103],{"id":66,"indexDatabase":1316,"url":79,"indexYears":80,"academicFieldIds":1321,"indexDatabaseRanking":84},{"id":68,"createTime":69,"updateTime":70,"relativeEntities":1317,"label":1318,"description":1319,"key":76,"publicationTags":1320,"standard":20},[],{"EN":73,"VI":73},{"EN":73,"VI":75},[78],[82,83],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":1323,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":107,"totalPublicationByYear":1324,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":1325,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1326,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"2000":109,"2002":109,"2003":109,"2004":109,"2006":110,"2009":110,"2010":110,"2011":109,"2013":110,"2018":109,"2019":109,"2021":110,"2022":109},{},{},14,{"total":1327,"publishYear":20,"statisticByYear":1329},{"2012":110,"2013":110,"2014":110,"2018":109,"2019":109,"2021":109,"2022":109,"2023":110},"2007-11-01","2024-04-14T11:57:22.831+00:00",[1333,1336,1339,1342,1345,1349,1353,1357,1360,1363,1366,1369,1372,1375,1378,1381,1384,1387,1390,1393,1396,1399,1402],{"id":20,"text":1334,"url":20,"identifiers":1335},"Stamm J, Waller M, Lewis D, Stoddart G. Dental Programs in Canada: Historical Development, Current Status and Future Directions. Ottawa, ON: Health and Welfare Canada, 1986.",{},{"id":20,"text":1337,"url":20,"identifiers":1338},"Canadian Institute for Health Information. National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975–2005. Ottawa: CIHI, 2005.",{},{"id":20,"text":1340,"url":20,"identifiers":1341},"Leake J. Expenditures on dental services in Canada, Canadian Provinces and Territories 1960–1980. J Can Dent Assoc 1984; 5:362–68.",{},{"id":20,"text":1343,"url":20,"identifiers":1344},"Quinonez C, Grootendorst P, Sherret L, Azarpazhooh A, Locker D. An environmental scan of Provincial and Territorial public dental programs in Canada. Community Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Toronto, unpublished data, 2006.",{},{"id":20,"text":1346,"url":20,"identifiers":1347},"Slavkin H, Baum B. Relationship of dental and oral pathology to systemic illness. JAMA 2000; 284:1215–17.",{"doi":1348},"10.1001\u002Fjama.284.10.1215",{"id":20,"text":1350,"url":20,"identifiers":1351},"Azarpazhooh A, Leake J. Systematic review of the association between respiratory diseases and oral health. Periodontol 2006; 77(9):1465–82.",{"doi":1352},"10.1902\u002Fjop.2006.060010",{"id":20,"text":1354,"url":20,"identifiers":1355},"Pihlstrom B, Michalowiscz B, Johnson N. Periodontal diseases. Lancet 2005; 366(9499): 1809–20.",{"doi":1356},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(05)67728-8",{"id":20,"text":1358,"url":20,"identifiers":1359},"Locker D, Matear D. Oral Disorders, Systemic Health, Well-Being and the Quality of Life. Toronto, ON: Community Health Services Research Unit, 2000.",{},{"id":20,"text":1361,"url":20,"identifiers":1362},"Armstrong R. Access and care: Towards a national oral health strategy — Report of the symposium. J Can Dent Assoc 2005; 71(1):19–22.",{},{"id":20,"text":1364,"url":20,"identifiers":1365},"McNally M. The Silent Epidemic: Evaluating Continuity of Care and Policies for the Oral Health Care of Seniors. Halifax, NS: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation Final Report, 2004.",{},{"id":20,"text":1367,"url":20,"identifiers":1368},"Canadian Dental Hygienists Association. Access Angst: A CDHA Position Paper on Access to Oral Health Services. Ottawa: CDHA, 2003.",{},{"id":20,"text":1370,"url":20,"identifiers":1371},"Toronto Dental Coalition. Brief to the Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada. Ottawa: TDC, 2002.",{},{"id":20,"text":1373,"url":20,"identifiers":1374},"Canadian Dental Association. Romanow Report: Where is Oral Health Care? News Release. Ottawa: CDA, November 28, 2002.",{},{"id":20,"text":1376,"url":20,"identifiers":1377},"Federal, Provincial, Territorial Dental Directors. Oral Health: Its Place in a Sustainable Health Care System for Canadians, Brief to the Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada. Ottawa: FPTDD, 2002.",{},{"id":20,"text":1379,"url":20,"identifiers":1380},"United States Surgeon General. Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: Government of the United States of America, 2000.",{},{"id":20,"text":1382,"url":20,"identifiers":1383},"Ministry of Health Services, Ministry of Human Resources. Enhanced dental program benefits British Columbians. News Release. Vancouver, BC: Ministry of Health Services, Ministry of Human Resources, March 14, 2005.",{},{"id":20,"text":1385,"url":20,"identifiers":1386},"Manitoba Health. Health Minister announces new initiatives to reduce tooth decay, Lower paediatric dental wait times. News Release. Winnipeg, MB: Manitoba Health, November 10, 2005.",{},{"id":20,"text":1388,"url":20,"identifiers":1389},"Government of Alberta. Enhanced benefits for seniors announced. News Release. Edmonton, AB: Government of Alberta, August 12, 2004.",{},{"id":20,"text":1391,"url":20,"identifiers":1392},"Government of Canada. Chief Dental Officer for Health Canada. News Release. Ottawa: Government of Canada, October 28, 2005.",{},{"id":20,"text":1394,"url":20,"identifiers":1395},"Vail S. Canadians’ Values and Attitudes on Canada’s Health Care System. Ottawa: The Conference Board of Canada, 2000.",{},{"id":20,"text":1397,"url":20,"identifiers":1398},"Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey. Ottawa: Health Division, Health Reports, 2003.",{},{"id":20,"text":1400,"url":20,"identifiers":1401},"Statistics Canada, Centers for Disease Control. Joint Canada\u002FUnited States Survey of Health. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Health Analysis and Measurements Group, 2003.",{},{"id":20,"text":1403,"url":20,"identifiers":1404},"Ipsos Reid. Canadians on Healthcare. News Release, January 2006.",{},{"id":1406,"createTime":1407,"updateTime":1408,"relativeEntities":1409,"slug":1410,"properties":1411,"entityType":133,"verifyStatus":134,"verifyTime":1408,"verifyNote":135,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1422,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1423,"publicationType":202,"publisherRelationship":1634,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1663,"publishYear":1664,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":20,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":239},"d1bb5f68-68f9-48e2-ad64-bfa07ebf7b0c","2024-04-08T22:28:58.297+00:00","2025-02-13T23:56:46.229+00:00",[],"The-Rising-Burden-of-Rheumatoid-Arthritis-Surpasses-Rheumatology-Supply-in-Ontario",{"references":1412,"keywords":1414,"abstract":1416,"title":1418,"doi":1420},{"VOID":1413},"McInnes IB, Schett G. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2011;365:2205–19.\nOzminkowski R, Burton W, Goetzel R, Maclean R, Wang S. The impact of rheumatoid arthritis on medical expenditures, absenteeism, and short-term disability benefits. J Occup Environ Med 2006;48(2):135–48.\nBykerk VP, Baron M, Boire G, Haraoui B, Khraishi M, LeClercq S, et al. Canadian Consensus Statement on Early Optimal Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Can Rheumatol Assoc 2004;11–13.\nWiddifield J, Bernatsky S, Paterson JM, Thorne JC, Cividino A, Pope J, et al. Quality care in seniors with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis: A Canadian perspective. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011;63:53–57.\nNell VP, Machold KP, Eberl G, Stamm TA, Uffmann M, Smolen JS. Benefit of very early referral and very early therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43:906–14.\nFeldman DE, Bernatsky S, Houde M, Beauchamp ME, Abrahamowicz M. Early consultation with a rheumatologist for RA: Does it reduce subsequent use of orthopaedic surgery? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013;52(3):452–59.\nWiddifield J, Bernatsky S, Paterson JM, Tu K, Ng R, Thorne JC, et al. Accuracy of Canadian health administrative databases in identifying patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A validation study using the medical records of rheumatologists. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013;65(10):1582–91.\nWiddifield J, Bombardier C, Bernatsky S, Paterson JM, Green D, Young J, et al. Accuracy of Canadian health administrative databases for identifying patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A validation study using the medical records of primary care physicians. 2012 ACR Annual Scientific Meeting [Abstract #926]. Arthritis Care and Research 2012.\nCanadian Institute for Health Information. The CIHI Data Quality Framework. Ottawa, ON: CIHI, 2009.\nOntario Health Insurance Plan: The program. Toronto, ON: Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, 2008. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.health.gov.on.ca\u002Fen\u002Fpublic\u002Fprograms\u002Fohip\u002F (Accessed July 15, 2013).\nStatistics Canada. Population counts for Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), by urban and rural, 2011 Census: 100% data (table). Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables. 2011 Census. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2011.\nImproving health care data in Ontario. ICES Investigative Report. Toronto: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, 2005.\nChan B, Schultz S. Supply and utilization of general practitioner and family physician services in Ontario. Toronto: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, 2005.\nBadley EM, Canizares M, Mahomed N, Veinot P, Davis AM. Provision of orthopaedic workforce and implications for access to orthopaedic services in Ontario. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93:863–70.\nBadley E, Veinot P, Ansari H, Mackay C, Thorne C. Arthritis Community Research and Evaluation Unit 2007 Survey of Rheumatologists in Ontario. 2008. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.acreu.ca\u002Fpdf\u002Fpub5\u002F08-03.pdf (Accessed July15, 2013).\nStatistics Canada. Land and freshwater area, by province and territory. 2005. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.statcan.gc.ca\u002Ftables-tableaux\u002Fsum-som\u002Fl01\u002Fcst01\u002Fphys01-eng.htm (Accessed July 15, 2013).\nHoovestol RA, Mikuls TR. Environmental exposures and rheumatoid arthritis risk. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2011;13:431–39.\nCostenbader KH, Chang SC, Laden F, Puett R, Karlson EW. Geographic variation in rheumatoid arthritis incidence among women in the United States. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1664–70.\nVieira VM, Hart JE, Webster TF, Weinberg J, Puett R, Laden F, et al. Association between residences in U.S. northern latitudes and rheumatoid arthritis: A spatial analysis of the Nurses’ Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 2010;118:957–61.\nKobayashi KM, Prus SG. Examining the gender, ethnicity, and age dimensions of the healthy immigrant effect: Factors in the development of equitable health policy. Int J Equity Health 2012;11:8.\nCott CA, Gignac MA, Badley EM. Determinants of self rated health for Canadians with chronic disease and disability. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53:731–36.\nRural and northern health care framework. 2011. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002Fwww.health.gov.on.ca\u002Fen\u002Fpublic\u002Fprograms\u002Fruralnorthern\u002Fdocs\u002Freport_rural_northern_EN.pdf (Accessed July 15, 2013).\nChronic Disease Surveillance Program. Chronic Diseases in the Métis Nation of Ontario, 2012.\nGlazier RH, Moineddin R, Agha MM, Zagorski B, Hall R, Manuel DG, et al. The impact of not having a primary care physician among people with chronic conditions. Toronto: Insitute for Evaluative Sciences, 2008.\nSchwalfenberg GK, Genuis SJ, Hiltz MN. Addressing vitamin D deficiency in Canada: A public health innovation whose time has come. Public Health 2010;124:350–59.\nWasko MC, Kay J, Hsia EC, Rahman MU. Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Risk reduction in a chronic inflammatory disease. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011;63:512–21.\nSong GG, Bae SC, Lee YH. Association between vitamin D intake and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2012;31(12):1733–39.\nKyburz D, Gabay C, Michel BA, Finckh A, physicians of SCQM-RA. The longterm impact of early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis on radiographic progression: A population-based cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011;50:1106–10.\nAhern M, Smith M. Rheumatoid arthritis. Med J Australia 1997;166:156–61.\nPrevoo ML, van Gestel AM, van T Hof MA, van Rijswijk MH, van de Putte LB, van Riel PL. Remission in a prospective study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. American Rheumatism Association preliminary remission criteria in relation to the disease activity score. Br J Rheumatol 1996;35:1101–5.\nBain L, Mierdel S, Thorne C. Modeling best practices in chronic disease management: The Arthritis Program at Southlake Regional Health Centre. J Allied Health 2012;41:e83–e87.",{"EN":1415},"",{"EN":1417},"Accurate data on the burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are scarce, but critical in helping health care providers and decision makers to optimize clinical and public health strategies for disease management. We quantified the burden of RA in Ontario from 1996 to 2010 by age, sex and health planning region. We used the Ontario Rheumatoid Arthritis administrative Database (ORAD), a validated population-based cohort of all Ontarians with RA, to estimate the crude prevalence and incidence of RA among men and women, and by age group from 1996 to 2010. Burden by area of patient residence and rheumatology supply also were determined. The number of RA patients increased over time, from 42,734 Ontarians (0.5%) in 1996 to 97,499 (0.9%) in 2010. On average 5,830 new RA patients were diagnosed each year. In 2010, the burden was higher among females (1.3%) than males (0.5%) and increased with age, with almost half of all RA patients aged 65 years and older. The burden was higher in northern communities (1.0%) than in southern urban areas (0.7%). During the study period, the number of rheumatologists practicing in Ontario remained unchanged (approximately 160). Over a 15-year period, the number of RA patients more than doubled with no concomitant increase in the number of practicing rheumatologists. We observed considerable regional variation in burden, with the highest rates observed in the north. Our findings highlight the need for regional approaches to the planning and delivery of RA care in order to manage the growing burden.",{"EN":1419},"The Rising Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis Surpasses Rheumatology Supply in Ontario",{"VOID":1421},"10.17269\u002Fcjph.104.4115","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.17269\u002Fcjph.104.4115",[1424,1462,1477,1490,1502,1529,1542,1558,1575,1592,1609],{"id":1425,"sortIndex":1426,"researcher":20,"roles":1427,"affiliations":1428,"properties":1459},"85729a68-9847-4dab-8510-8ebd3a46e0b7",8,[141],[1429,1439,1449],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1430,"properties":20},{"id":1431,"createTime":1432,"updateTime":1433,"relativeEntities":1434,"slug":1435,"properties":1436,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"b39d11db-fff4-4518-8784-cd87872a9cf8","2023-12-02T12:45:05.485+00:00","2024-11-28T23:28:39.075+00:00",[],"Sunnybrook-Health-Sciences-Centre-Toronto-Canada",{"title":1437},{"VI":1438},"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada",{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1440,"properties":20},{"id":1441,"createTime":1442,"updateTime":1443,"relativeEntities":1444,"slug":1445,"properties":1446,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"1a803831-80d7-445a-a68b-270a29b33f80","2024-01-03T05:54:51.558+00:00","2025-02-05T01:22:09.797+00:00",[],"University-of-Toronto-Toronto-Canada",{"title":1447},{"VI":1448},"University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada",{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1450,"properties":20},{"id":1451,"createTime":1452,"updateTime":1453,"relativeEntities":1454,"slug":1455,"properties":1456,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"c943f094-0a08-4b94-a98a-9b8c5dc73648","2023-11-27T10:44:21.782+00:00","2024-12-31T00:32:53.932+00:00",[],"Institute-for-Clinical-Evaluative-Sciences-Toronto-Canada",{"title":1457},{"VI":1458},"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada",{"title":1460},{"VI":1461},"R. 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(2015). Enquête TOPO 2012 : Guide méthdologique. Secteur Surveillance de l’état de santé à Montréal (SÉSAM) Direction de santé publique de Montréal du CIUSSS du Centre-Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal. https:\u002F\u002Femis.santemontreal.qc.ca\u002Ffileadmin\u002Femis\u002FInfo\u002FMethodologie\u002FTOPO2012-Guide_methodologique-20150602.pdf. Accessed 28 Dec 2018 .\nAmerican Association for Public Opinion Research. (2011). Standard definition: final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for survey. 7th edition. AAPOR. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esomar.org\u002Fuploads\u002Fpublic\u002Fknowledge-and-standards\u002Fcodes-and-guidelines\u002FESOMAR_Standard-Definitions-Final-Dispositions-of-Case-Codes-and-Outcome-Rates-for-Surveys.pdf. Revised 2011. Accessed 27 Sept 2017.\nAmerican Psychological Association. (2017a). Stress: the different kinds of stress. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.apa.org\u002Fhelpcenter\u002Fstress-kinds.aspx. Accessed 27 Sept 2017.\nAmerican Psychological Association. (2017b). Gender and stress. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.apa.org\u002Fnews\u002Fpress\u002Freleases\u002Fstress\u002F2010\u002Fgender-stress. Accessed 28 Dec 2018.\nAu, A. (2017). The sociological stud of stress: an analysis and critique of the stress process model. European Journal of Medical Health, 12(1), 53–72. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5708\u002FEJMH.12.2017.1.4.\nBak, C. K., Tanggaard Andersen, P., Bacher, I., & Draghiciu Bancila, D. (2012). The association between socio-demographic characteristics and perceived stress among residents in a deprived neighbourhood in Denmark. European Journal of Public Health, 22(6), 787–792. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Feurpub\u002Fcks004.\nBarnay, T. (2016). Health, work and working conditions: a review of the European economic literature. European Journal of Health Economics, 17(6), 693–709. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10198-015-0715-8.\nBarrington, W. E., Ceballos, R. M., Bishop, S. K., McGregor, B. A., & Beresford, S. A. (2012). Perceived stress, behavior, and body mass index among adults participating in worksite obesity prevention program, Seattle, 2005-2007. Preventing Chronic Disease, 9, E152. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5888\u002Fpcd9.120001.\nBarrington, W. E., Beresford, S. A., McGregor, B. A., & White, E. (2014). Perceived stress and eating behavior by sex, obesity status, and stress vulnerability: finding from vitamins and lifestyle (VITAL) study. Journal of Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114(11), 1791–1799. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jand.2014.03.015.\nBratte, M. V., Rozeske, R. R., & Maier, S. F. (2013). Understanding stress resilience. Frontiers in Behaviroal Neuroscience, 8(7), 158. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffnbeh.2013.00158.\nFolkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Gruen, R. J., & DeLongis, a. (1986). Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(3), 571–579.\nFrigault, L. R., Azzou, S. A. K., Molloy, E. J. K., Ammarguellat, F., Coulture, M., & Gratton, J. (2013). What works? Getting the general population to go online in mixed mode local health survey 2013. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.websm.org\u002Fuploadi\u002Feditor\u002F1372075366Frigault_et_al_2013_Getting_the_General_Population_To_Go_Online_in_a_Mixed_Mode.pdf. Accessed 27 Sept 2017.\nHealth Canada. (2007). Canada’s food guide. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.hc-sc.gc.ca\u002Ffn-an\u002Ffood-guide-aliment\u002Fbasics-base\u002Findex-eng.php. Accessed 27 Sept 2017.\nHealth Canada. (2011). Canadian guidelines for body weight classification. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.hc-sc.gc.ca\u002Ffn-an\u002Fnutrition\u002Fweights-poids\u002Fguide-ld-adult\u002Fqa-qr-pub-eng.php. Accessed 27 Sept 2017.\nIPAQ Committee Research. (2005). Guidelines for the data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.academia.edu\u002F5346814\u002FGuidelines_for_Data_Processing_and_Analysis_of_the_International_Physical_Activity_Questionnaire_IPAQ_Short_and_Long_Forms_Contents. Accessed 27 Sept 2017.\nKass, G. V. (1980). An exploratory technique for investigating large quantities of categorical data. Applied Statisitics, 29(2), 119–127.\nKeller, A., Litzelman, K., Wisk, L. E., Maddox, T., Cheng, E. R., Creswell, P. D., et al. (2012). Does the perception that stress affects health matter? The association with health and mortality. Health Psychology, 31(5), 677–684. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1037\u002Fa0026743.\nMarmont, M. G. (2003). Understanding social inequalities in health. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 46(3 suppl), S 9–S23.\nMartin, P. R. (2016). Stress and primary headache: review of the research and clinical management. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 20(7), 45. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs11916-016-0576-6.\nNielsen, L., Curtis, T., Kristensen, T. S., & Rod Nielson, N. (2008). What characterizes persons with high levels of perceived stress in Denmark? A national representative study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 36(4), 369–379. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1177\u002F1403494807088456.\nPampalon, R., Hamel, D., Gamache, P., & Raymond, G. (2009). A deprivation index for health planning in Canada. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 29(4), 178–191.\nParrott, A. C., & Murphy, R. S. (2012). Explaining the stress-inducing effects of nicotine to cigarette smokers. Human Psychopharmacology, 27(2), 150–155. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fhup.1247.\nPearlin, I. L. (1989). The sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Behavioral Science, 30(3), 241–256.\nRanabir, S., & Reetu, K. (2011). Stress and hormones. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 15(1), 18–22. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.4103\u002F2230-8210.77573.\nRao, J. K., & Thomas, d. R. (1989). Chi-square tests for contingency tables. In C. J. Skinner, D. Holt, & T. M. F. Smith (Eds.), Analysis of complex surveys (pp. 89–114). New York: Willey.\nRebbeck, T. R., Weber, A. L., Spangler, E., & Zeighler-Johnson, C. M. (2013). What stresses men? Predictors of perceived stress in a population-based multi-ethnic cross sectional cohort. BMC Public Health, 13, 113. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002F1471-2458-13-113.\nSchneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2005). Stress and health: psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 607–628. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1146\u002Fannurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141.\nStatistics Canada. (2014). Overview of census population. Ottawa (ON) https:\u002F\u002Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca\u002Fcensus-recensement\u002F2011\u002Fref\u002Foverview-apercu\u002Fpop9-eng.cfm. Accessed 27 Sept 2017.\nStatistics Canada. (2016). Table 105-0501—Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2013 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional, CANSIM (database). http:\u002F\u002Fwww5.statcan.gc.ca\u002Fcansim\u002Fa26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1050501&&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=37&tabMode=dataTable&csid. Accessed 27 Sept 2017.\nStrang, R., Kendall, P., & Corriveau, A. (2017). Reviving a national prevention agenda is key to sustainability of health care in Canada. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 189(40), E1250–E1251. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1503\u002Fcmja.170694.\nSusser, M. (1981). The epidemiology of life stress. Psychological Medicine, 11(1), 1–8.\nVancampfort, D., Koyanagi, A., Ward, P. B., Vernoese, N., Carvalho, A. F., Solmi, M., et al. (2017). Perceived stress and its relationship with chronic conditions and multimorbidity among 229,293 community-dwelling adults in 44 low- and middle-income countries. American Journal of Epidemiology, 86(8), 979–989. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Faje\u002Fkwx159.\nWang, H., Yang, X. Y., Yang, T., Cottrell, R. R., Yu, L., Feng, X., & Jiang, S. (2015). Socioeconomic inequalities and mental stress in individual and regional level: a twenty one cities study in China. International Journal of Equity in Health, 14, 25. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12939-015-0152-4.",{"EN":1673},"To identify the gender-specific correlates of perceived life stress in a representative sample of the Montreal population. Data were extracted from the Local Health Survey Program (called “TOPO”) collected in 2012. TOPO-2012 provided information on chronic diseases, their determinants and risk factors, as well as lifestyle and health services utilization. Poisson regression was used to identify significant correlates of perceived life stress. Single-parent females were 21% more likely (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.04–1.42) to report stressful life compared to females living alone. Females born in Canada or established female immigrants were significantly more likely to report stressful life (respectively RR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.12–1.60 and RR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.08–1.58) than recent female immigrants. Furthermore, females living in a privileged material neighbourhood reported significantly higher perceived life stress (14% higher) than females living in a deprived neighbourhood. On the other hand, males with higher annual household income were 9% more likely (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.05–1.14) to perceive life stress than males reporting a lower income. Also, overweight males reported higher stress (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.01–1.26) than their normal weighted counterparts. Additionally, males who were diagnosed with a physical health problem were more likely to report stressful life (RR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.28–1.61) than males who did not report any physical health problem. Identifying correlates of stress at the population level may help researchers characterize people vulnerable to daily stress, provide health agencies the advantage to forecast and prevent its occurrence and diseases associated with it, as well as offer policy advocates a pivotal edge to reduce disparities in population health.",{"EN":1675},"Gender-specific correlates of perceived life stress: a population-based study, Montreal, Canada, 2012",{"VOID":1677},"10.17269\u002Fs41997-019-00205-4","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.17269\u002Fs41997-019-00205-4",[1680,1695,1707,1719],{"id":1681,"sortIndex":110,"researcher":20,"roles":1682,"affiliations":1683,"properties":1692},"d4353064-4000-4cb2-9010-c8ac99369a0e",[141],[1684],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1685,"properties":20},{"id":1686,"createTime":1687,"updateTime":1687,"relativeEntities":1688,"slug":20,"properties":1689,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},"79005395-517c-4211-8d10-145c63e79270","2023-12-29T23:55:23.328+00:00",[],{"title":1690},{"VI":1691},"Direction régionale de santé publique, Service des Connaissances, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada",{"title":1693},{"VI":1694},"Danielle Blanchard",{"id":1696,"sortIndex":109,"researcher":20,"roles":1697,"affiliations":1698,"properties":1704},"f2f6171d-0d63-4a9e-bb59-07c6f06cced1",[141],[1699],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1700,"properties":20},{"id":1686,"createTime":1687,"updateTime":1687,"relativeEntities":1701,"slug":20,"properties":1702,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":1703},{"VI":1691},{"title":1705},{"VI":1706},"Michel Fournier",{"id":1708,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1709,"affiliations":1710,"properties":1716},"dbda1ac3-def8-49bb-b23d-2875052ab3c9",[141],[1711],{"id":20,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1712,"properties":20},{"id":1686,"createTime":1687,"updateTime":1687,"relativeEntities":1713,"slug":20,"properties":1714,"entityType":49,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"syncStatus":19,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21},[],{"title":1715},{"VI":1691},{"title":1717},{"VI":1718},"Garbis A. 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Health Reports Winter 1997, 9(3) (Catalogue 82-003-XPB). Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1998.\nDiCenso A, Guyatt G, Willan A. A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Adolescent Pregnancy Primary Prevention Programs. Prepared by the Effective Public Health Practice Project for the Public Health Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health, 1999.\nHealth Canada. Trends in gonorrhea in Canada 1990–1995. Canada Communicable Disease Report 1997;23–12:89–95.\nHealth Canada. Chlamydia trachomatis in Canada: An update. Can Commun Dis Rep 1997;23–15:113–20.\nHealth Canada. Canadian Guidelines for Sexual Health Education. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1994.\nSimcoe County Board of Education, Best Start Barrie, Simcoe County District Health Unit. Healthy Decisions: Making a Difference. Barrie, Ontario, 1995.\nNova Scotia Department of Health. Just Loosen Up and Start Talking! Advice from Nova Scotian Youth for Improving their Sexual Health. Nova Scotia Department of Supply and Services, Publishing Section, 1996.",{"EN":1777},"This qualitative study was conducted to learn adolescents’ opinions about sexual health services and strategies to improve their delivery. Sixteen 1.5-hour, same-sex focus groups were conducted in one rural and one urban high school in each of two Ontario regions. In total, 83 students (49 females and 34 males) participated in the study. Topics were: sources and quality of sexual health information, knowledge and use of sexual health services, gender differences, factors that influence sexual behaviour, and suggestions for improving sexual health services. The adolescents reported that sex education focussed too much on “plumbing” and was often provided by teachers with whom they felt uncomfortable discussing sexual issues. Peers and media were their main sources of information although they acknowledged that these were not always accurate. 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