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The concept of urban fragility curve consists of a single curve mean-representative of the seismic fragility of an entire area accounting for the combinations of building classes and their percentage, then they differ from those typological. The methodology has been developed with reference to Rocca di Mezzo, a small Italian urban centre located in the central Apennine area, Italy. Based on CarTiS inventory, building classes have been firstly recognized and urban fragility curves, representative for damage scenarios at Ultimate Limit State, developed. To predict damage scenarios from low to high-intensity earthquakes, an approach to define multi-damage urban fragility curves and damage probability matrices has been also presented. To this aim, a damage scale suffered by building classes has been defined by converting the final outcomes of the AeDES form (used in Italy for post-earthquake surveys) in the damage levels provided by the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS98). Data coming from urban fragility curves have been compared with the actual damage scenario recorded in Rocca di Mezzo after the 2009 L’Aquila’s earthquake, in terms of both peak-ground acceleration and Mecalli-Cancani-Sieberg scale. The achieved results showed a good accordance between theoretical predictions and actual damage scenarios, coherent also with the damage scenarios occurred in other Italian historical centres hit by severe earthquakes over the years. Thus, the methodology can provide a first important indicator to support the development of emergently plans devoted to identify priority of interventions in such areas particularly vulnerable with respect to others.",{"EN":129},"Seismic vulnerability assessment of minor Italian urban centres: development of urban fragility curves",{"VOID":131},"[\"11195859653042413184\"]",{"VOID":133},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-022-01385-0","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","2024-05-02T09:43:57.915+00:00","Auto Verify","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-022-01385-0",[140,158,173,188],{"id":141,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":142,"affiliations":144,"properties":153,"displayName":155,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"954288f2-865e-41f5-bb9b-037c4263173b",[143],"AUTHOR",[145],{"id":146,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":147,"properties":20},"71daaa91-c99d-4f85-8109-8fa9e706dd3a",{"id":146,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":148,"slug":20,"properties":149,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":152,"statistic":20},[],{"title":150},{"VI":151},"Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy",[],{"title":154,"gsAuthor":156},{"VI":155},"A. 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CNR-PFG 503, Rome, Italy",{},{"id":20,"text":302,"url":20,"identifiers":303},"Brando G, Pagliaroli A, Cocco G, Di Buccio F (2020) Site effects and damage scenarios: The case study of two historic centres following the 2016 Centra Italy earthquake. Eng Geol 272:105647",{},{"id":275,"text":305,"url":277,"identifiers":306},"Brando G, Cianchino G, Rapone D, Spacone E, Biondi S (2021) A CARTIS-based method for the rapid seismic vulnerability assessment of minor Italian historical centres. Int J Dis Risk Red 63:102478",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":308,"url":20,"identifiers":309},"Calderoni B, Cordasco EA, Lenza P, Pacella G (2011) Considerations of damaged masonry buildings in the historical centre of L’Aquila. University and research in support of Abruzzi. Cultural heritage after the 2009 earthquake. Textus eds (Italy) (in Italian)",{},{"id":275,"text":311,"url":277,"identifiers":312},"Calderoni B, Cordasco EA, Sandoli A, Prota A (2016) Seismic vulnerability assessment of ‘ancient’ masonry buildings and strengthening intervention strategies, Proceedings of the 16th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference, IBMAC 2016: 727–736",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":314,"url":20,"identifiers":315},"Calvi GM, Pinho R, Magenes G, Bommer JJ, Restrepo-Velez LF, Crowley H (2006) Development of seismic vulnerability assessment methodologies over the past 30 years. J Tech 472(43):75–104",{},{"id":20,"text":317,"url":318,"identifiers":319},"Cardinali V, Cristofaro MT, Ferrini M, Nudo R, Paoletti B, Tanganelli M (2021) A multiscale approach for the seismic vulnerability assessment of historical centres in masonry building aggregates: cognitive approach and interdisciplinary perspectives. 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Bull Earth Eng 18(297):297–329","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-019-00729-7",{"doi":334},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-019-00729-7",{"id":20,"text":336,"url":337,"identifiers":338},"Chieffo N, Formisano A (2019) Geo-hazard-based approach for the estimation of seismic vulnerability and damage scenarios of the old city of Senerchia (Avellino, Italy). Geosciences (Switzerland) 9(2):art. no. 59. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fgeosciences9020059","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fgeosciences9020059",{"doi":339},"10.3390\u002Fgeosciences9020059",{"id":275,"text":341,"url":277,"identifiers":342},"Cima V, Tomei V, Grande E, Imbimbo M (2021) Fragility curves at regional basis for unreinforced masonry buildings prone to out-of-plane mechanisms: the case study of Central Italy. Structures 34:4774–4787",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":344,"url":277,"identifiers":345},"D’Ayala DF, Panagoni S (2011) Assessment and analysis of damage in L’Aquila historic city centre after 6th April 2009. Bull Earth Eng 9:81–104",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":347,"url":20,"identifiers":348},"Decanini L, Gavarini C, Mollaioli F (1995) Proposal for the definition of a relationship between macorseismic intensity and ground motion parameters. In: Proc of 7th Italian National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (ANIDIS), vol. 1: 63–72 (in Italian)",{},{"id":350,"text":351,"url":352,"identifiers":353},"450c4612-1af3-4eb5-9e08-83d60666728f","Dolce M, Goretti A (2015) Building damage assessment after the 2009 Abruzzi earthquake. Bull Earth Eng 13(8):2241–2264","http:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-015-9723-4",{"doi":354},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-015-9723-4",{"id":20,"text":356,"url":20,"identifiers":357},"Del Gaudio C, De Martino G, Di Ludovico M, Manfredi G, Prota A, Ricci P, Verderame GM (2019) Empirical fragility curves for masonry buildings after the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy, earthquake. Bull Earth Eng 17:6301–6330",{},{"id":275,"text":359,"url":277,"identifiers":360},"Di Pasquale G, Orsini G, Romeo RW (2005) New developments in seismic risk assessment in Italy. Bull Earth Eng 3(1):101–128",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":362,"url":20,"identifiers":363},"Dolce M, Speranza E, Giordano F, Borzi B, Bocchi F, Conte C, Di Meo A, Faravelli M, Pascale V (2019) Observed damage database of past Italian earthquakes the Da.D.O. Webgis. Boll Geof Teor e Appl 60(2):141–164",{},{"id":365,"text":366,"url":367,"identifiers":368},"54ebf329-6dbb-4823-80dd-7e971e1c1809","Dolce M, Prota A, Borzi B et al (2021) Seismic risk assessment of residential buildings in Italy. Bull Earth Eng 19:2999–3032","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-020-01009-5",{"doi":369},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-020-01009-5",{"id":371,"text":372,"url":373,"identifiers":374},"919e710d-2d0a-4f67-9d1c-815b62ea0567","Donà M, Carpanese P, Follador V, Sbrogiò L, da Porto F (2020) Mechanics-based fragility curves for Italian residential URM buildings. Bull Earth Eng. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-020-00928-7","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-020-00928-7",{"doi":375},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-020-00928-7",{"id":20,"text":377,"url":20,"identifiers":378},"Grünthal G (1998) Cahiers du centre européen de géodynamique et de séismologie: volume 15 – European Macroseismic Scale 1998. Luxembourg: European Center for Geodynamics and Seiseismology, Luxembur",{},{"id":275,"text":380,"url":277,"identifiers":381},"Faccioli E, Cauzzi C (2006) Macroseismic intensities for seismic scenarios, estimated from instrumentally based correlations. Proc 1st Eur Conf on Earth Eng and Seism, Geneva, Switzerland",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":383,"url":277,"identifiers":384},"Feanza L, Michelini A (2010) Regression analysis of MCS intensity and ground motion parameters in Italy and its application in shakeMap. Geophys I Int 180(3):1138–1152",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":386,"url":387,"identifiers":388},"Formisano A, Massimilla A (2018) A Novel Procedure for Simplified Nonlinear Numerical Modeling of Structural Units in Masonry Aggregates. Int J Arch Herit 12(7–8):1162–1170. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F15583058.2018.1503365","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F15583058.2018.1503365",{"mag":389,"openalex":390,"doi":391},"2886348292","W2886348292","10.1080\u002F15583058.2018.1503365",{"id":20,"text":393,"url":394,"identifiers":395},"Formisano A, Chieffo N, Mosoarca M (2017) Seismic vulnerability and damage speedy estimation of an urban sector within the municipality of San Potito Sannitico (Caserta, Italy). Open Civ Eng J 11:1106–1121. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2174\u002F1874149501711011106","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2174\u002F1874149501711011106",{"doi":396},"10.2174\u002F1874149501711011106",{"id":20,"text":398,"url":20,"identifiers":399},"Formisano A, Feo PD, Grippa MR, Florio G (2010). L'Aquila earthquake: A survey in the historical centre of Castelvecchio Subequo. COST ACTION C26: Urban Habitat Constructions under Catastrophic Events - Proc of the Final Conference: 371–376",{},{"id":20,"text":401,"url":20,"identifiers":402},"Gomez Capera AA, Albarello D, Gasperini P (2007) Aggiornamento relazioni fra l’intensita macrosismica e PGA. Progetto DPC-INGV S 1",{},{"id":20,"text":404,"url":20,"identifiers":405},"Italian Building Code IBC18 (2018) Technical code for constructions. Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructures",{},{"id":275,"text":407,"url":277,"identifiers":408},"Kappos AJ, Panagopoulos G, Panagiotopoulos C, Penelis G (2006) A hybrid method for the vulnerability assessment of R\u002FC and URM buildings. Bull Earth Eng 4:391–413",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":410,"url":277,"identifiers":411},"Kassem MM, Nazri FM, Farsanfi EN (2020) The seismic vulnerability assessment methodologies: A state-of-the-art review. Ain Shams Eng J 11:849–864",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":413,"url":277,"identifiers":414},"Lagomarsino, Cattari (2014) Fragility functions of masonry buildings. In: Pitilakis K, Crowley H, Kaynia AM (eds) Chap 5 in SYNER-G: typology definition and fragility functions for physical elements at seismic risk. Springer, Berlin, pp 111–156",{"doi":279},{"id":416,"text":417,"url":418,"identifiers":419},"be9fa50c-122e-4852-aa96-24e51cff74db","Lagomarsino S, Cattari S, Ottonelli D (2021) The heuristic vulnerability model: fragility curves for masonry buildings. Bull Earth Eng 19:3129–3163","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-021-01063-7",{"doi":420},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-021-01063-7",{"id":275,"text":422,"url":277,"identifiers":423},"Lagomarsino S, Giovinazzi S (2006) Macroseismic and mechanical models for the vulnerability and damage assessment of current building. Bull Earth Eng 4(4):415–443",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":425,"url":277,"identifiers":426},"Lovon H, Tarque N, Silva V, Yepes-Estrada C (2018) Development of fragility curves for confined masonry buildings in Lima, Peù. Earth Spectra 34(3):1339",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":428,"url":277,"identifiers":429},"Margottini C, Molin D, Serva L (1992) Intensity versus ground motion: a new approach usinf Italian data. Eng Geol 33(1):45–58",{"doi":279},{"id":431,"text":432,"url":433,"identifiers":434},"b611d606-4c9e-42c1-aaf0-4f44f34274db","Polese M, Di Ludivuco M, Gaetanid’Aragona M, Prota A, Manfredi G (2020) Regional vulnerability and risk assessment accounting for local building typologies. Int J Dis Risk Reduct 43:101400","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS2212420919304959",{"doi":435},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijdrr.2019.101400",{"id":275,"text":437,"url":277,"identifiers":438},"Rosti A, Rota M, Penna A (2020a) Damage classification and dervation of damage probability matrices from L’Aquila (2009) post-earthquake survey data. Bull Earth Eng 16:3687–3720",{"doi":279},{"id":440,"text":441,"url":442,"identifiers":443},"7fa0c720-609d-4a1b-a8b2-77b97f1ae424","Rosti A, Rota M, Penna A (2020b) Empirical fragility curves for Italian URM buildings. Bull Earth Eng. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-020-00845-9","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-020-00845-9",{"doi":444},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-020-00845-9",{"id":275,"text":446,"url":277,"identifiers":447},"Rota M, Penna A, Strobbia CL (2008) Processing Italian damage data to derive typological fragility curves. Soil Dyn Earth Eng 28:933–947",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":449,"url":20,"identifiers":450},"Sandoli A, Calderoni B (2018) Assessment of the seismic vulnerability at territorial scale: A new structural-typological classification of existing buildings and definition of fragility curves. Proc Int Mas Conf 0(222279):153–168",{},{"id":20,"text":452,"url":453,"identifiers":454},"Sandoli A, Musella C, Lignola GP, Calderoni B, Prota A (2020) Spandrel panels in masonry buildings: Effectiveness of the diagonal strut model within the equivalent frame mode. Structures 27:879–893. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.istruc.2020.07.001","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.istruc.2020.07.001",{"doi":455},"10.1016\u002Fj.istruc.2020.07.001",{"id":457,"text":458,"url":459,"identifiers":460},"a3d32c69-a54a-4cdd-91be-08ef0cb96824","Sandoli A, Lignola GP, Calderoni B, Prota A (2021) Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method. Bull Earth Eng 19(12):4979–5013","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-021-01155-4",{"doi":461},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-021-01155-4",{"id":275,"text":463,"url":277,"identifiers":464},"Singhal A, Kiremidjian AS (1996) Bayesian updating of fragilities with application to RC frames. J Struct Eng 124(8):922–929",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":466,"url":277,"identifiers":467},"Sorrentino L, Cattari S, Da Porto F, Magenes G, Penna A (2019) Seismic behavior of ordinary masonry buildings during the 2016 central Italy earthquakes. Bull Earth Eng 17:5583–5607",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":469,"url":20,"identifiers":470},"Valluzzi MR (2009) User Manual of Vulnus_4.0 original program by Bernardini GA, Modena RCVb version edited by Valluzzi MR, with contributions by Benincà G, Barbetta E, Munari M (in Italian)",{},{"id":20,"text":472,"url":20,"identifiers":473},"Whitman RV, Reed KW, Hong ST (1973) Earthquake damage probability matrices. In: Proceeding of the fifth Corld Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Rome (Italy)",{},{"id":275,"text":475,"url":277,"identifiers":476},"Zuccaro G, Cacace F (2015) Seismic vulnerability assessment based on typological characteristics. The first procedure “SAVE.” Soil Dyn Earth Eng 69:262–269",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":478,"url":20,"identifiers":479},"Zuccaro G, Dolce M, De Gregorio D, Speranza E, Moroni C (2015) La scheda CARTIS per la caratterizzazione tipologico-strutturale dei comparti urbano costituiti da edifici ordinari. Valutazione dell’esposizione in analisi di rischio sismico. In. Proc of 34th GNGTS Italian Conference. Trieste (Italy) (in Italian)",{},{"id":275,"text":481,"url":277,"identifiers":482},"Zucconi M, Ferlito R, Sorrentino L (2021) Typological damage fragility curves for unreinforced masonry buildings affected by the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy earthquake. Open Civ Eng J 15:117–134",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":484,"url":277,"identifiers":485},"Zuccaro G, Perelli FL, De Gregori D, Cacace F (2021) Empirical vulnerability curves for Italian masonry buildings: evolution of the vulnerability model from the DPM to curves as a function of acceleration. Bull Earth Eng 19:3077–3097",{"doi":279},false,{"id":488,"createTime":489,"updateTime":490,"relativeEntities":491,"slug":492,"properties":493,"entityType":134,"verifyStatus":135,"verifyTime":502,"verifyNote":137,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":503,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":504,"publicationType":203,"publisherRelationship":580,"citationCount":640,"citationInfo":641,"publishDate":646,"publishYear":642,"citationAnalyzeStatus":647,"lastCitationAnalyze":490,"indexDatabases":648,"openAccess":20,"references":649,"isForceReanalyzing":486},"4558b51c-e557-4b85-8001-1d8d641826e1","2024-01-29T10:53:16.864+00:00","2026-07-25T14:04:06.880+00:00",[],"Experimental-and-numerical-behaviour-of-hysteretic-and-visco-recentring-energy-dissipating-bracing-systems",{"abstract":494,"title":496,"gsPaper":498,"doi":500},{"EN":495},"An extensive program of shaking table tests under the name Project JetPacs (Joint experimental testing on Passive and semi active control systems) has been developed with the goal of assessing the effectiveness of seven different passive and semi-active energy dissipating bracing (EDB) systems in controlling the seismic vibrations of framed buildings. The experimental program, carried out considering a 3D 1\u002F1.5 scaled steel frame, was entirely funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection as part of the RELUIS 2005–2008 project. The following article focuses on the experimental tests carried out considering only two EDB systems, based on hysteretic dampers (HD) and visco-recentring devices (SMA + VD) respectively. Specially shaped low carbon steel plates were used to provide hysteresis in the HD based devices, while the innovative SMA + VD visco-recentring system was made up of a combination of viscous dampers (VD) and shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. In this paper a displacement focused design procedure based on non linear static analysis has been proposed in order to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of both types of energy dissipating device. The aim of this design procedure is to limit inter-storey drifts after frame yielding. In order to assess the robustness of the design procedure and to evaluate the effects of the viscous and recentring components, two different sets of HD and SMA + VD devices characterized by slight alterations in the mechanical properties have been tested and compared. Finally, the experimental seismic response of the structure equipped with and without the HD and SMA + VD elements is reported and compared with numerical results obtained using non linear time history analysis.",{"EN":497},"Experimental and numerical behaviour of hysteretic and visco-recentring energy dissipating bracing 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IUSS Press, Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori di Pavia, Italy",{},{"id":275,"text":666,"url":277,"identifiers":667},"Chopra AK, Goel RK (2001) Direct displacement-based design: use of inelastic vs elastic design spectra. Earthq Spectra 17(1): 47–64",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":669,"url":20,"identifiers":670},"Constantinou MC, Soong TT, Dargush GF (2001) Passive energy dissipation systems for structural design and retrofit. Monograph series no.1, MCEER, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York",{},{"id":275,"text":672,"url":277,"identifiers":673},"Dolce M, Filardi B, Marnetto R, Nigro D (1996) Experimental tests and applications of a new biaxial elasto-plastic device for the passive control of structures. In: Proceedings of the 4th world congress on joint sealants and bearing systems for concrete structures, Sacramento",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":675,"url":277,"identifiers":676},"Dolce M, Cardone D, Marnetto R, Mucciarelli M, Nigro D, Ponzo FC, Santarsiero G (2004) Experimental static and dynamic response of a real r\u002Fc frame upgraded with sma re-centering and dissipating braces. In: Proceedings of the 13th world conference on earthquake engineering, Vancouver",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":678,"url":20,"identifiers":679},"Dolce M, Ponzo FC, Di Cesare A, Ditommaso R, Moroni C, Nigro D, Serino G, Sorace S, Gattulli V, Occhiuzzi A, Vulcano A, Foti D (2008) Jet-pacs project: joint experimental testing on passive and semiactive control systems. In: Proceedings of the 14th world conference on earthquake eng, Beijing",{},{"id":20,"text":681,"url":20,"identifiers":682},"EC8-1 (2004) Design of structures for earthquake resistance, part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. European Standard EN 1998-1. European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussel",{},{"id":20,"text":684,"url":685,"identifiers":686},"ESD (2008) European strong motion database. European Commission for Community Research, http:\u002F\u002Fwww.isesd.hi.is\u002FESD_Local\u002Fframeset.htm","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.isesd.hi.is\u002FESD_Local\u002Fframeset.htm",{},{"id":275,"text":688,"url":277,"identifiers":689},"Fajfar P (1999) Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 28: 979–993",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":691,"url":20,"identifiers":692},"Kelly TE (2001) Base isolation of structures: design guidelines. Holmes Consulting Group Ltd, New Zealand",{},{"id":275,"text":694,"url":277,"identifiers":695},"Kim J, Choi H (2006) Displacement-based design of supplemental dampers for seismic retrofit of a framed structure. J Struct Eng 132(6): 873–883",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":697,"url":20,"identifiers":698},"Kim J, Choi H, Min KW (2003) Performance-based design of added viscous dampers using capacity spectrum method. J Earthq Eng 7(1): 1–24",{},{"id":275,"text":700,"url":277,"identifiers":701},"Lin YY, Tsai MH, Hwang JS, Chang KC (2003) Direct displacement-based for buildings with passive energy dissipation systems. Eng Struct 25(1): 25–37",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":703,"url":277,"identifiers":704},"Lin YY, Chang KC, Chen CY (2008) Direct displacement-based for seismic retrofit of existing buildings using non liner viscous dampers. Bull Earthq Eng 6: 535–552",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":706,"url":20,"identifiers":707},"Mazza F, Vulcano A (2008) Displacement-based design of dissipative braces at a given performance level of a framed building. In: Proceedings of the 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, Beijing",{},{"id":275,"text":709,"url":277,"identifiers":710},"Nims DK, Richter PJ, Bachman RE (1993) The use of the energy dissipating restraint for seismic hazard mitigation. Earthq Spectra 9(3): 467–489",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":712,"url":20,"identifiers":713},"NZS 3101 (2006) Part 1- Appendix B: special provisions for the seismic design of ductile jointed precast concrete structural systems (normative). New Zealand Standard",{},{"id":20,"text":715,"url":716,"identifiers":717},"Pinto A, Taucer F, Dimova S (2007) Pre-normative research needs to achieve improved design guidelines for seismic protection in the EU. EUR 22858 EN. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. JRC 007741. http:\u002F\u002Felsa.jrc.ec.europa.eu\u002Fpublications\u002FJRC37741.pdf","http:\u002F\u002Felsa.jrc.ec.europa.eu\u002Fpublications\u002FJRC37741.pdf",{},{"id":20,"text":719,"url":20,"identifiers":720},"Ponzo FC, Di Cesare A (2009) A Numerical and Experimental assessment of the Robustness of a seismic upgrading technique for framed buildings based on hysteretic dissipating devices. In: Proceedings of the 11th world conference on seismic isolation, energy dissipation and active vibration control of structures, Guangzhou",{},{"id":275,"text":722,"url":277,"identifiers":723},"Ponzo FC, Cardone D, Di Cesare A, Blonna B (2008) Evaluation of behaviour factor for Flag-Shaped hysteretic models. In: International conference on engineering optimization, Rio de Janeiro",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":725,"url":20,"identifiers":726},"Ponzo FC, Di Cesare A, Moroni C, Nigro D, Moccia D, Dolce M (2010a) JET-PACS project: preliminary results of dynamic tests on steel frame equipped with visco-recentring system. In: Proceedings of the 14th European conference on earthquake engineering, Ohrid",{},{"id":275,"text":728,"url":277,"identifiers":729},"Ponzo FC, Di Cesare A, Arleo G, Totaro P (2010b) Protezione sismica di edifici esistenti con controventi dissipativi di tipo isteretico: aspetti progettuali ed esecutivi. ISSN 1973-7432 Progettazione Sismica n1\u002F2010:37–60",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":731,"url":277,"identifiers":732},"Priestley MJN (1993) Myths and fallacies in earthquake engineering—conflicts between design and reality. Bull NZ Nat Soc Earthq Eng 26(3): 329–341",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":734,"url":277,"identifiers":735},"Priestley MJN (2003) Myths and fallacies in earthquake engineering, revisited. IUSS Press, Pavia",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":737,"url":277,"identifiers":738},"Priestley MJN, Kowasky MJ (2000) Direct displacement-based seismic of concrete buildings. Bull N Z Soc Earthq Eng 33(4): 421–442",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":740,"url":277,"identifiers":741},"Priestley MJN, Calvi GM, Kowalsky MJ (2007) Displacement-based seismic design of structures. IUSS Press, Pavia",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":743,"url":20,"identifiers":744},"SAP2000 (2004) Analysis reference manual. Computers and Structures Inc., Berkeley",{},{"id":275,"text":746,"url":277,"identifiers":747},"Soong TT, Dargush GF (2007) Passive energy dissipation systems in structural engineering. Wiley, ISBN-13: 9780471968214",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":749,"url":750,"identifiers":751},"TIS SpA TIS brochure, Roma. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.tis.it","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.tis.it",{},{"id":275,"text":753,"url":277,"identifiers":754},"Wen YK (1976) Method of random vibration of hysteretic systems. J Eng Mech 102: 249–263",{"doi":279},{"id":756,"createTime":757,"updateTime":758,"relativeEntities":759,"slug":760,"properties":761,"entityType":134,"verifyStatus":135,"verifyTime":772,"verifyNote":137,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":773,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":774,"publicationType":203,"publisherRelationship":822,"citationCount":882,"citationInfo":883,"publishDate":888,"publishYear":884,"citationAnalyzeStatus":647,"lastCitationAnalyze":889,"indexDatabases":890,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":486},"befef3f3-9ca1-4c9f-8159-76102839d3e2","2024-01-12T18:14:44.035+00:00","2026-07-23T20:30:08.283+00:00",[],"Optimal-intensity-measure-based-on-spectral-acceleration-for-P-delta-vulnerable-deteriorating-frame-structures-in-the-collapse-limit-state",{"abstract":762,"title":764,"gsPaper":766,"references":768,"doi":770},{"EN":763},"This study proposes an “optimal” spectral acceleration based intensity measure (IM) to assess the collapse capacity of generic moment frames vulnerable to the P-delta effect. The IM is derived from the geometric mean of the spectral pseudo-acceleration over a certain period interval. The optimized IM includes for first time a flexible lower limit for the period interval, corresponding to the structural period associated with the exceedance of 95% of the total effective mass. This flexible lower limit bound provides an efficient IM, independently of the contribution of higher modes to the total response. The upper bound period is 1.6 times the fundamental period to account for period elongation due to inelastic deformations and gravity loads. In a parametric study on generic frames, structural parameters are varied to quantify the performance of this IM compared to classical benchmark IMs. The “optimal” IM provides minimum, or close to the minimum, dispersion for the entire set of frames with different fundamental periods of vibration, number of stories, and P-delta vulnerability.",{"EN":765},"Optimal intensity measure based on spectral acceleration for P-delta vulnerable deteriorating frame structures in the collapse limit state",{"VOID":767},"[\"15258895270012742226\"]",{"VOID":769},"Adam C, Ibarra LF (2015) Seismic collapse assessment. In: Beer M, Kougioumtzoglou IA, Patelli E, Siu-Kui Au I (eds) Earthquake engineering encyclopedia, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, pp 2729–2752\nAdam C, Jäger C (2012a) Seismic collapse capacity of basic inelastic structures vulnerable to the P-delta effect. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 41:775–793\nAdam C, Jäger C (2012b) Simplified collapse capacity assessment of earthquake excited regular frame structures vulnerable to P-delta. Eng Struct 44:159–173\nAdam C, Tsantaki S, Ibarra LF, Kampenhuber D (2014) Record-to-record variability of the collapse capacity of multi-story frame structures vulnerable to P-delta. In: Proceedings of the second European conference on earthquake engineering and seismology (2ECEES), August 24–29, 2014, Istanbul, Turkey, electronic volume. ISBN: 978-605-62703-6-9\nAdam C, Kampenhuber D, Ibarra LF, Tsantaki S (published online 2016) Optimal spectral acceleration based intensity measure for seismic collapse assessment of P-delta vulnerable frame structures. J Earthq Eng. doi:10.1080\u002F13632469.2016.1210059\nASCE, SEI 41–13 (2014) Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston\nBaker JW, Cornell CA (2005) A vector-valued ground motion intensity measure consisting of spectral acceleration and epsilon. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34:1193–1217\nBaker JW, Cornell CA (2006) Spectral shape, epsilon and record selection. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 35:1077–1095\nBaker JW, Jayaram N (2008) Correlation of spectral acceleration values from NGA ground motion models. Earthq Spectra 24(1):299–317\nBianchini M, Diotallevi P, Baker JW (2009) Prediction of inelastic structural response using an average of spectral accelerations. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on structural safety and reliability (ICOSSAR 09), Osaka, Japan, 13–19 September\nBojórquez E, Iervolino I (2011) Spectral shape proxies and nonlinear structural response. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 31(7):996–1008\nBrozovič M, Dolšek M (2014) Envelope-based pushover analysis procedure for the approximate seismic response analysis of buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 43:77–96\nCordova PP, Deierlein GG, Mehanny SSF, Cornell CA (2001) Development of two-parameter seismic intensity measure and probabilistic assessment procedure. In: Proceedings of the second U.S.-Japan workshop on performance-based earthquake engineering methodology for reinforced concrete buildings structures, Sapporo, Japan, pp 187–206\nEads L, Miranda E, Lignos DG (2015) Average spectral acceleration as an intensity measure for collapse risk assessment. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 44(12):2057–2073\nEurocode 8 (2004) Design provisions of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. European Committee for Standardization\nFEMA P-695 (2009) Quantification of building seismic performance factors. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington\nFEMA-350 (2000) Recommended seismic design criteria for new steel moment-frame buildings. Report no. FEMA-350, SAC Joint Venture, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington\nHaselton CB, Baker JW (2006) Ground motion intensity measures for collapse capacity prediction: choice of optimal spectral period and effect of spectral shape. In: Proceedings of the 8th national conference on earthquake engineering, April 18–22, 2006, San Francisco, CA\nHaselton CB, Liel AB, Deierlein GG, Dean BS, Chou JH (2011) “Seismic collapse safety of reinforced concrete buildings. I: assessment of ductile moment frames. J Struct Eng 137:481–491\nIbarra L, Krawinkler H (2005) Global collapse of frame structures under seismic excitations. In: PEER 2005\u002F06. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. September 2005\nIbarra L, Krawinkler H (2011) Variance of collapse capacity of SDOF systems under earthquake excitations. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 40:1299–1314\nJäger C, Adam C (2013) Influence coefficients for collapse capacity spectra. J Earthq Eng 17:859–878\nJalayer F, Beck JL, Zareian F (2012) Information-based relative sufficiency of some ground motion intensity measures. In: Proceedings of the 15th world conference on earthquake engineering (15 WCEE 2012), Lisbon, Portugal, September 24–28, digital paper, paper no 5176\nKadas K, Yakut A, Kazaz I (2011) Spectral ground motion intensity based on capacity and period elongation. J Struct Eng 137:401–409\nKatsanos EI, Sextos AG, Elnashai AS (2012) Period elongation of nonlinear systems modeled with degrading hysteretic rules. In: Proceedings of the 15th world conference on earthquake engineering (15 WCEE), September 24–28, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal, digital paper, paper no. 1887\nKazantzi A, Vamvatsikos D (2015a) Intensity measure selection for vulnerability studies of building classes. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 44:2677–2694\nKazantzi A, Vamvatsikos D (2015b) A next generation scalar intensity measure for analytical vulnerability studies. In: Papadrakakis M, Papadopoulos V, Plevris V, (eds) Proceedings of the 5th ECCOMAS thematic conference on computational methods in structural dynamics and earthquake engineering (COMPDYN 2015), Crete Island, Greece, May 25–27\nLazar N, Dolšek M (2014a) Incorporating intensity bounds for assessing the seismic safety of structures: does it matter? Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 43:717–738\nLazar N, Dolšek M (2014b) A closed form solution for seismic risk assessment incorporating intensity bounds. Eng Struct 78:78–89\nLignos DG, Krawinkler H (2012) Sidesway collapse of deteriorating structural systems under seismic excitations. Report no. 177, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA\nLuco N, Cornell CA (2007) Structure-specific scalar intensity measure for near-source and ordinary earthquake motions. Earthq Spectra 23:357–391\nMacRae GA (1994) P-Δ effects on single-degree-of-freedom structures in earthquakes. Earthq Spectra 10:539–568\nMedina RA, Krawinkler H (2003) Seismic demands for nondeteriorating frame structures and their dependence on ground motions. Report no. 144, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA\nMehanny SS, Deierlein GG (2000) Modeling and assessment of seismic performance of composite frames with reinforced concrete columns and steel beams. Report no. 136, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA\nNZSEE (2006) Assessment and improvement of the structural performance of buildings in earthquake. Recommendations of a NZSEE study Group on Earthquake Risk Buildings, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand\nShome N, Cornell CA (1999) Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structures. RMS tech report no. 38, The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA\nTsantaki S (2014) A contribution to the assessment of the seismic collapse capacity of basic structures vulnerable to the destabilizing effect of gravity loads. Doctoral thesis, University of Innsbruck\nTsantaki S, Ibarra LF, Adam C (2015) Effect of P-delta uncertainty on the seismic collapse capacity and its variability for single-degree-of freedom systems. Bull Earthq Eng 13:1205–1225\nTsantaki S, Adam C, Ibarra LF (2017) Intensity measure that reduce collapse capacity dispersion of P-delta vulnerable simple systems. Bull Earthq Eng 15:1085–1109\nVamvatsikos D, Cornell CA (2002) Incremental dynamic analysis. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31:491–514\nVamvatsikos D, Cornell CA (2005) Developing efficient scalar and vector intensity measures for IDA capacity estimation by incorporating elastic spectral shape information. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34:1573–1600",{"VOID":771},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-017-0129-3","2024-06-25T04:11:00.374+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-017-0129-3",[775,792,805],{"id":776,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":777,"affiliations":778,"properties":787,"displayName":789,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"5de97278-aa45-43cf-aa5e-1ae82926b27d",[143],[779],{"id":780,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":781,"properties":20},"b8d0a1e9-db4a-4871-afe6-ef8307dc297d",{"id":780,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":782,"slug":20,"properties":783,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":786,"statistic":20},[],{"title":784},{"VI":785},"Unit of Applied Mechanics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria",[],{"title":788,"gsAuthor":790},{"VI":789},"Christoph Adam",{"VOID":791},"[\"uRDkJqcAAAAJ\"]",{"id":793,"sortIndex":108,"researcher":20,"roles":794,"affiliations":795,"properties":802,"displayName":804,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"ebcbafdb-4825-4015-85e7-8cdc25b76642",[143],[796],{"id":780,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":797,"properties":20},{"id":780,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":798,"slug":20,"properties":799,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":801,"statistic":20},[],{"title":800},{"VI":785},[],{"title":803},{"VI":804},"David Kampenhuber",{"id":806,"sortIndex":109,"researcher":20,"roles":807,"affiliations":808,"properties":817,"displayName":819,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"54b321b4-8103-468c-b48d-9c4ab9af6a81",[143],[809],{"id":810,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":811,"properties":20},"f0aad0a3-c68d-4aed-a64c-8419122c2aa4",{"id":810,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":812,"slug":20,"properties":813,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":816,"statistic":20},[],{"title":814},{"VI":815},"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA",[],{"title":818,"gsAuthor":820},{"VI":819},"Luis F. Ibarra",{"VOID":821},"[\"9HdlZ24AAAAJ\"]",{"url":773,"publisher":823,"properties":877},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":824,"slug":10,"properties":825,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":829,"manageAffiliations":846,"indexDatabases":857,"url":102,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":872,"gsStatistic":20,"type":114,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":826,"title":827,"eissn":828},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},{"VOID":17},[830,834,838,842],{"id":24,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":831,"label":832,"description":833,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":27},{},{"id":30,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":835,"label":836,"description":837,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":33},{},{"id":36,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":839,"label":840,"description":841,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":39},{},{"id":42,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":843,"label":844,"description":845,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":45},{},[847,852],{"id":49,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":848,"slug":20,"properties":849,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":851,"statistic":20},[],{"title":850},{"EN":53},[],{"id":56,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":853,"slug":20,"properties":854,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":856,"statistic":20},[],{"title":855},{"EN":60},[62],[858,865],{"id":65,"indexDatabase":859,"url":78,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":864,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":67,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":860,"label":861,"description":862,"key":74,"publicationTags":863,"standard":20},[],{"EN":70,"VI":70},{"EN":72,"VI":73},[76,77],[80,81],{"id":83,"indexDatabase":866,"url":94,"indexYears":95,"academicFieldIds":871,"indexDatabaseRanking":101},{"id":85,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":867,"label":868,"description":869,"key":91,"publicationTags":870,"standard":20},[],{"EN":88,"VI":88},{"EN":88,"VI":90},[93],[97,98,99,100],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":873,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":105,"totalPublicationByYear":874,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":875,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":876,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"2003":107,"2006":108,"2007":108,"2009":109,"2011":108,"2012":108,"2013":108,"2014":107,"2015":107,"2017":110,"2018":108,"2019":110,"2020":110,"2021":110,"2022":111,"2023":107},{},{},{"pages":878,"volume":880},{"VOID":879},"4349-4373",{"VOID":881},"15",43,{"total":882,"publishYear":884,"statisticByYear":885},2017,{"2017":108,"2018":107,"2019":108,"2020":107,"2021":644,"2022":886,"2023":110,"2024":110,"2025":887,"2026":107},8,9,"2017-03-31","2026-07-23T20:30:08.282+00:00",[76,101],{"id":892,"createTime":893,"updateTime":894,"relativeEntities":895,"slug":896,"properties":897,"entityType":134,"verifyStatus":135,"verifyTime":908,"verifyNote":137,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":909,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":910,"publicationType":203,"publisherRelationship":1004,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1064,"publishYear":1065,"citationAnalyzeStatus":1066,"lastCitationAnalyze":894,"indexDatabases":1067,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":486},"7e052940-d2ce-4a08-815c-6b6f3698cc41","2023-12-17T16:09:38.260+00:00","2026-07-22T18:01:26.252+00:00",[],"Nonlinear-modeling-of-the-ten-story-RC-building-at-E-Defense-2015-assessment-with-different-modeling-assumptions",{"abstract":898,"title":900,"gsPaper":902,"references":904,"doi":906},{"EN":899},"Two models of the 10-story reinforced concrete building tested at E-Defense laboratory in 2015 are built: the F model, in which nonlinear behavior is distributed over the element length, and the H model, in which nonlinear behavior is lumped in plastic hinges with a moment-chord rotation response assigned based on empirical formulations proposed in the literature. Nonlinear time–history analyses are performed to reproduce the experimental shaking-table tests performed at increasing seismic intensity level. The incremental experimental test has been performed twice: the first time (BS test), the structure base was free to slip on a concrete base fixed to the shaking table. After the BS test, a second test was performed on the same structure with the foundation fixed to the concrete base (BF test). Both tests are simulated for both models. When simulating both the BS and BF tests, the seismic input adopted for the numerical analyses is the displacement time-history registered at the base of the specimen’s columns, in order to implicitly account for base slip through the input signal without explicitly modeling the slipping devices. It is observed that the significant damage experienced by the specimen during the runs of BF tests at medium–high seismic intensity is probably triggered by softening and damage of beam-column joints: this is reproduced also by H numerical model and highlights the influence of beam-column joints on the overall seismic response of the structure. In general, it is observed that both numerical models, which were constructed, based on experimental data, only by adopting available and well-established tools proposed in the literature, can reproduce the overall response of the case-study structure, especially in terms of maximum top displacement demand and maximum damage state for structural members, provided that beam-column joints’ contribution is adequately considered.",{"EN":901},"Nonlinear modeling of the ten-story RC building at E-Defense (2015): assessment with different modeling assumptions",{"VOID":903},"[]",{"VOID":905},"Alath S, Kunnath SK (1995) Modeling inelastic shear deformation in RC beam-column joints. In: Engineering mechanics proceedings of 10th conference, May 21–24, ASCE, Boulder, CO, USA, pp 822–825\nArchitectural Institute of Japan (AIJ 2010) AIJ standard for structural calculation of reinforced concrete structures (in Japanese)\nASCE\u002FSEI 41-17 (2017) Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA\nCelik OC, Ellingwood BR (2008) Modeling beam-column joints in fragility assessment of gravity load designed reinforced concrete frames. J Earthq Eng 12(3):357–438\nChang GA, Mander JB (1994) Seismic energy based fatigue damage ananlysis of bridge columns: part 1—evaluation of seismic capacity, NCEER technical report no. NCEER-94-0006. State University of New York, Buffalo, N.Y.\nChopra AK, McKenna F (2016) Modeling viscous damping in nonlinear response history analysis of buildings for earthquake excitation. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 42(2):193–211\nDe Risi MT, Ricci P, Verderame GM (2017) Modeling exterior unreinforced beam-column joints in seismic analysis of non-ductile RC frames. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 46(6):899–923\nDel Vecchio C, De Risi MT, Del Gaudio C, Ricci P, Di Ludovico M, Kang J (2023) E-Defense 2015 ten-story building: beam-column joint assessment according to different code-based design. Bull Earthq Eng (in press). https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-023-01629-7\nDvorkin EN, Pantuso D, Repetto EA (1995) A formulation of the MITC4 shell element for finite strain elasto-plastic analysis. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 125(1):17–40\nEurocode 8 (2004) Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 3: assessment and retrofitting of buildings. Brussels, p 89\nFeng DC, Xu J (2018) An efficient fiber beam-column element considering flexure–shear interaction and anchorage bond-slip effect for cyclic analysis of RC structures. Bull Earthq Eng 16(11):5425–5452\nFilippou FC, Popov EP, Bertero VV (1983) Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete joints, report UCB\u002FEERC-83\u002F19. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, p 212\nGomez CAG (2020) Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a ten-story reinforced concrete building. MSc Thesis, University of California Los Angeles\nGhannoum W, Matamoros A, Suselo A, Ghorbani R (2021) Novel multi-axial lumped-plasticity computational model capturing all salient strength degradation modes in concrete columns subjected to earthquake loading. In: Presentation at 8th ECCOMAS thematic conference on computational methods in structural dynamics and earthquake engineering. Streamed from Athens Greece, 27–30 June 2021\nGiuffrè A, Pinto PE (1970) Il comportamento del cemento armato per sollecitazioni cicliche di forte intensità, Giornale del Genio Civile\nHan SW, Lee CS (2020) Cyclic behavior of RC OMF beam-corner column joints under unidirectional and bidirectional loadings. Eng Struct 224:111304\nHaselton CB, Liel AB, Taylor-Lange S, Deierlein GG (2008) Beam-column element model calibrated for predicting flexural response leading to global collapse of RC frame buildings, PEER report no. 2007\u002F03. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA\nIsaković T, Fischinger M (2019) Assessment of a force-displacement based multiple-vertical-line element to simulate the non-linear axial–shear–flexure interaction behavior of reinforced concrete walls. Bull Earthq Eng 17(12):6369–6389\nJapan Meteorological Agency (2022) Last accessed on 07 Feb 2022 https:\u002F\u002Fwww.data.jma.go.jp\u002Fsvd\u002Feqev\u002Fdata\u002Fkyoshin\u002Fjishin\u002Fhyogo_nanbu\u002Findex.html\nJapan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE 2007) Standard specifications for concrete structures—“Design”\nJeon JS (2013) Aftershock vulnerability assessment of damaged reinforced concrete buildings in California. Ph.D. Dissertation. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology\nKajiwara K, Tosauchi Y, Kang J-D, Fukuyama K, Sato E, Inoue T, Kabeyasawa T, Shiohara H, Nagae T, Kabeyasawa T, Fukuyama H, Mukai T (2021) Shaking-table tests of a full-scale ten-story reinforced-concrete building (FY2015). Phase I: free-standing system with base sliding and uplifting. Eng Struct 233:111848\nKajiwara K, Tosauchi Y, Sato E, Fukuyama K, Inoue T, Shiohara H, Mukai T (2015a) Three-dimensional shaking table test of a 10-story reinforced concrete building on the E-Defense. Part 1: overview and specimen design of the base slip and base fixed tests. In: Proceedings of the 16th world conference on earthquake engineering, paper no. 4012, 9–13 Jan 2017, Santiago, Chile\nKajiwara K, Tosauchi Y, Sato E, Fukuyama K, Inoue T, Shiohara H, Mukai T (2015b) Specimen fabrication and construction, test procedure, and instrumentation program. In: Proceedings of the 16th world conference on earthquake engineering, paper no. 4007. 9–13 Jan 2017, Santiago, Chile\nKarsan ID, Jirsa JO (1969) Behavior of concrete under compressive loading. J Struct Div ASCE 95(ST12):2543\nKim J, LaFave JM (2012) A simplified approach to joint shear behavior prediction of RC beam-column connections. Earthq Spectra 28:1071–1096. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1193\u002F1.4000064\nKolozvari K, Arteta C, Fischinger M, Gavridou S, Hube G, Isakovic T, Wallace J (2018) Comparative study of state-of-the-art macroscopic models for planar reinforced concrete walls. ACI Struct J 115:6\nKolozvari K, Kalbasi K, Orakcal K, Wallace J (2021) Three-dimensional model for nonlinear analysis of slender flanged reinforced concrete walls. Eng Struct 236:112105\nKolozvari K, Orakcal K, Wallace JW (2015) Shear-flexure interaction modeling of reinforced concrete structural walls and columns under reversed cyclic loading. 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this paper, three different damage indexes were used to detect nonlinear damages in two adjacent Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures considering pounding effects. 2-, 4- and 8-story benchmark RC Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) were selected for this purpose with 60%, 75%, and 100% of minimum separation distance and also without any in-between separation gap. These structures were analyzed using the incremental dynamic analysis method under 44 far-field ground motion records. Comparison of the results between the MRFs with and without considering pounding effects show that collisions lead to a decrease in the values of coefficient of determination and the nonlinear damage occurs in lower seismic intensity. As a result, using the damage indexes, nonlinear damages can be detected during a specific seismic intensity. Moreover, considering a minimum separation distance leads to an increase in the coefficient of determination between the damage index and the maximum story drift ratio. Furthermore, due to pounding, shorter MRFs are damaged more significantly than the taller structures.",{"EN":1078},"Evaluation of pounding effects between reinforced concrete frames subjected to far-field earthquakes in terms of damage index",{"VOID":1080},"[\"15421980360586587985\"]",{"EN":1082},"",{"VOID":1084},"Al-Amawee AH, Salman MM (2006) The ratio between static and dynamic modulus of elasticity in normal and high strength concrete. J Eng Sustain Dev 10(2):163–174\nAlhaddad MS, Wazira KM, Al-Salloum YA, Abbas H (2015) Ductility damage indices based on seismic performance of RC frames. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 77:226–237\nAltoontash A (2004) Simulation and damage models for performance assessment of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. Stanford University, Stanford, California\nAnagnostopoulos S, Karamaneas C (2008) Use of collision shear walls to minimize seismic separation and to protect adjacent buildings from collapse due to earthquake-induced pounding. 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Eng Struct 31(5):1217–1229\nMahmoud S, Jankowski R (2009) Elastic and inelastic multi-storey buildings under earthquake excitation with the effect of pounding. J Appl Sci 9(18):3250–3262\nMahmoud S, Chen X, Jankowski R (2008) Structural pounding models with Hertz spring and nonlinear damper. J Appl Sci 8(10):1850–1858\nMahmoud S, Jankowski R (2011) Modified linear viscoelastic model of earthquake-induced structural pounding. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civil Eng 35:51–62\nMcKenna F, Fenves G, Filippou F (2010) OpenSees. University of California, Berkeley\nMiari M, Choong KK, Jankowski R (2019) Seismic pounding between adjacent buildings: Identification of parameters, soil interaction issues and mitigation measures. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 121:135–150\nMiari M, Choong KK, Jankowski R (2021) Seismic pounding between bridge segments: a state-of-the-art review. Arch Comput Methods in Eng 28(2):495–504\nMohebi B, Chegini AHT, Miri ART (2019) A new damage index for steel MRFs based on incremental dynamic analysis. J Constr Steel Res 156:137–154\nMoustafa A, Mahmoud S (2014) Damage assessment of adjacent buildings under earthquake loads. Eng Struct 61:153–165\nMuthukumar S, DesRoches R (2006) A Hertz contact model with non-linear damping for pounding simulation. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam 35(7):811–828\nNaderpour H, Barros RC, Khatami SM (2015) A study of pounding to simulate impact and determine the impact damping ratio. In: Paper presented at the proceedings of the fifteenth international conference on civil. Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, Prague, Czech Republic\nNaderpour H, Barros RC, Khatami SM, Jankowski R (2016) Numerical study on pounding between two adjacent buildings under earthquake excitation. Shock Vib 2016:1504783\nNaderpour H, Khatami SM (2015) A new model for calculating the impact force and the energy dissipation based on CR-factor and impact velocity. Scientia Iranica 22(1):59–68\nNaderpour H, Khatami SM, Barros RC (2017) Prediction of critical distance between two MDOF systems subjected to seismic excitation in terms of artificial neural networks. Period Polytech Civil Eng 61(3):516–529\nNie GN, Zhang C-X, Zhi X-D, Dai J (2017) Damage quantification, damage limit state criteria and vulnerability analysis for single-layer reticulated shell. Thin-Walled Struct 120:378–385\nOverschee PV, Moor BD (1994) N4SID: subspace algorithms for the identification of combined deterministic-stochastic systems. Automatica 30(1):75–93\nPang R, Xu B, Kong X, Zou D (2018) Seismic fragility for high CFRDs based on deformation and damage index through incremental dynamic analysis. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 104:432–436\nPark Y-J, Ang AH-S (1985) Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete. J Struct Eng 111(4):722–739\nPolycarpou PC, Papaloizou L, Komodromos P (2014) An efficient methodology for simulating earthquake-induced 3D pounding of buildings. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam 43(7):985–1003\nReinhorn A, Roh H, Sivaselvan M, Kunnath S, Valles R, Madan A, Park Y (2009) IDARC 2D version 7.0: user’s guide of a program for the inelastic damage analysis of buildings. Buffalo, New York\nRezaei H, Moayyedi SA, Jankowski R (2020) Probabilistic seismic assessment of RC box-girder highway bridges with unequal-height piers subjected to earthquake-induced pounding. Bull Earthq Eng 18(4):1547–1578\nRosenblueth E, Meli R (1986) The 1985 Mexico earthquake. Concr Int 8(5):23–34\nRuangrassamee A, Kawashima K (2001) Relative displacement response spectra with pounding effect. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam 30:1511–1538\nSharifi A, Banan M-R, Banan M-R (2012) A strain-consistent approach for determination of bounds of ductility damage index for different performance levels for seismic design of RC frame members. Eng Struct 37:143–151\nSołtysik B, Jankowski R (2013) Non-linear strain rate analysis of earthquake-induced pounding between steel buildings. Int J Earth Sci Eng 6(3):429–433\nSołtysik B, Jankowski R (2015) Building damage due to structural pounding during earthquakes. J Phys: Conf Ser 628:012040\nSołtysik B, Jankowski R (2016) Earthquake-induced pounding between asymmetric steel buildings. Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures II, Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering 40 255-261\nTubaldi E, Barbato M, Ghazizadeh S (2012) A probabilistic performance-based risk assessment approach for seismic pounding with efficient application to linear systems. Struct Saf 36–37:14–22\nYaghmaei-Sabegh S, Jalali-Milani N (2012) Pounding force response spectrum for near-field and far-field earthquakes. Scientia Iranica 19(5):1236–1250\nYazdanpanah O, Mohebi B, Yakhchalian M (2020a) Selection of optimal wavelet-based damage-sensitive feature for seismic damage diagnosis. Measurement 154:107447\nYazdanpanah O, Mohebi B, Yakhchalian M (2020b) Seismic damage assessment using improved wavelet-based damage-sensitive features. 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Based on this background, this paper discusses on the seismic vulnerability of masonry fortresses by means of an analysis methodology based on three different analytical procedures, according to an increased knowledge of the structure. As a relevant case study the Albornoz fortress, a 14th stone masonry construction located in central Italy, was selected. Initially, the strategy proposed to perform this task was aimed at testing and developing an expeditious and non-destructive procedure to evaluate both the seismic vulnerability and the main mechanical properties of the different masonry typologies. The macroscale structural behavior of the fortress was then evaluated through a nonlinear static analysis (pushover) and a more simple approach based on the kinematic theorems of the limit analysis. 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M, Chesi C, Milani G, Torri S (2016) Collapse analysis of the clock and fortified towers of Finale Emilia, Italy, after the 2012 Emilia Romagna seismic sequence: lesson learned and reconstruction hypotheses. Constr Build Mater 115:193–213",{"doi":279},{"id":20,"text":1375,"url":1376,"identifiers":1377},"Aedes Software. PCM (2014) Progettazione di costruzioni in muratura. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.aedes.it. Accessed 12 Nov 2017","http:\u002F\u002Fwww.aedes.it",{},{"id":275,"text":1379,"url":277,"identifiers":1380},"Anzani A, Binda L, Carpinteri A, Invernizzi S, Lacidogna G (2010) A multilevel approach for the damage assessment of historic masonry towers. J Cult Herit 11:459–470",{"doi":279},{"id":275,"text":1382,"url":277,"identifiers":1383},"Asteris PG (2008) On the structural analysis and seismic protection of historical masonry structures. Open Constr Build Technol J 2:124–133",{"doi":279},{"id":1385,"text":1386,"url":1387,"identifiers":1388},"45ed3fc3-c1bb-43aa-9e74-a92a4eb109b9","Asteris PG, Chronopoulos MP, Chrysostomou CZ, Varum H, Plevris V, Kyriakides N, Silva V (2014) Seismic vulnerability assessment of historical masonry structural systems. 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J Struct Constr Eng (trans AIJ) 67:101–106. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3130\u002Faijs.67.101_7 (in Japanese with English abstract)\nNagato K, Kawase H (2004) Damage evaluation models of reinforced concrete buildings based on the damage statistics and simulated strong motions during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 33:755–774. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Feqe.376\nNIED (2020) NIED F-net. In: NIED Earthquake Mechanism Search. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fnet.bosai.go.jp\u002Fevent\u002Fsearch.php?LANG=en. Accessed May 2021\nNILIM, BRI (2016) Quick report of the field survey and the building damage by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kenken.go.jp\u002Fjapanese\u002Fcontents\u002Fpublications\u002Fdata\u002F173\u002Findex.html (in Japanese). Accessed May 2021\nOkada S, Takai N (1999) Classifications of structural types and damage patterns of buildings for earthquake field investigation. J Struct Constr Eng (trans AIJ) 64:65–72. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3130\u002Faijs.64.65_5\nOtani S (1981) Hysteresis models of reinforced concrete for earthquake response analysis. J Fac Eng Univ Tokyo 407–441. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.slideshare.net\u002Fmanuelmiranda3591\u002Fhysteresismodels-otani. Accessed May 2021\nPalanci M, Senel SM (2019) Earthquake damage assessment of 1-story precast industrial buildings using damage probability matrices. Bull Earthq Eng 17:5241–5263. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-019-00660-x\nPolese M, Marcolini M, Zuccaro G, Cacace F (2015) Mechanism based assessment of damage-dependent fragility curves for RC building classes. Bull Earthq Eng 13:1323–1345. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-014-9663-4\nRojahn C, Sharpe RL, Council AT, Agency USFEM (1985) Earthquake Damage Evaluation Data for California. Applied Technology Council. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.atcouncil.org\u002Fpdfs\u002Fatc13.pdf. Accessed May 2021\nShingaki Y, Yoshimi M, Goto H et al (2017) Physical and dynamic properties of the volcanic ash soil in the heavily damaged site of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Mashiki town. J Jpn Soc Civ Eng Ser A1 (struct Eng Earthq Eng (SE\u002FEE)) 73:552–559. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2208\u002Fjscejseee.73.552\nSugino M, Yamamuro R, Kobayashi S et al (2016) Analyses of building damages in Mashiki Town in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. J Jpn Assoc Earthq Eng 16:1069–1083. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5610\u002Fjaee.16.10_69\nSun J, Nagashima F, Kawase H, Matsushima S (2020) Site effects analysis of shallow subsurface structures at Mashiki town, Kumamoto, based on microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios. Bull Seismol Soc Am. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1785\u002F0120190318\nTakai N, Okada S (2001) Classifications of damage patterns of reinforced concrete buildings for earthquake field investigation. J Struct Constr Eng (trans AIJ) 66:67–74. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3130\u002Faijs.66.67_4 (in Japanese with English abstract)\nUlrich T, Negulescu C, Douglas J (2014) Fragility curves for risk-targeted seismic design maps. Bull Earthquake Eng 12:1479–1491. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-013-9572-y\nVirtanen P, Gommers R, Oliphant TE et al (2020) SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python. Nat Methods 17:261–272. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41592-019-0686-2\nYakut A, Ozcebe G, Yucemen M (2006) Seismic vulnerability assessment using regional empirical data. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 35:1187–1202. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Feqe.572\nYamada M, Ohmura J, Goto H (2017) Wooden building damage analysis in Mashiki town for the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes on April 14 and 16. Earthq Spectra 33:1555–1572. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1193\u002F090816EQS144M\nYamaguchi N, Yamazaki F (2000) Development of fragility curves for buildings based on seismic response analysis. SEISAN KENKYU 52:341–344. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp\u002Farticle\u002Fseisankenkyu\u002F52\u002F8\u002F52_8_341\u002F_article\nYamanaka H, Chimoto K, Miyake H et al (2016) Observation of earthquake ground motion due to aftershocks of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in damaged areas. Earth Planets Space 68:197. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs40623-016-0574-2 (in Japanese)\nYamazaki F, Suto T, Matsuoka M, et al (2018) Statistical analysis of building damage in Japan based on the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. 17th US-Japan-New Zealand Workshop on the Improvement of Structural Engineering and Resilience. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.atcouncil.org\u002Fdocman\u002Fatc-15-16-papers\u002F194-p5-02-yamazaki\u002Ffile\nYoshida N (2001) Dynamic soil properties and modeling. In: Proc., XV Satellite Conference on Lessons Learned from Recent Strong Earthquake, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 233–242\nYoshida N (2014) DYNEQ - A computer program for Dynamic response analysis of level ground by Equivalent Linear Method. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F281466287_DYNEQ_A_computer_program_for_dynamic_analysis_of_level_ground_based_on_equivalent_linear_method\nYoshida N, Iai S (1998) Nonlinear site response and its evaluation and prediction. In: Proc. 2nd International Symposium on the Effect of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, Yokosuka, Japan, Vol. 1, pp. 71–90. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.researchgate.net\u002Fpublication\u002F285087310_Nonlinear_site_response_and_its_evaluation_and_prediction\nYoshida K, Hisada Y, Kawase H (2004) Construction of Damage Prediction Model for Wooden Buildings Considering Construction Age. the 2004 Architectural Institute of Japan, Hokkaido. http:\u002F\u002Fkouzou.cc.kogakuin.ac.jp\u002FMember\u002Fkogai2005\u002FDM-03071.pdf (in Japanese with English abstract). Accessed May 2021\nYoshida K, Hisada Y, Kawase H, Fushimi M (2005) Study of damage rate function and destructive force index of wooden buildings based on seismic response analysis. Abstracts of the 2005 Architectural Institute of Japan Conference, Kinki, pp 161–162. http:\u002F\u002Fkouzou.cc.kogakuin.ac.jp\u002Factivity\u002Faij_paper\u002Fyoshida2005.pdf (in Japanese)",{"VOID":1584},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-021-01119-8","2024-05-10T04:30:29.976+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-021-01119-8",[1588,1605,1622,1637,1658],{"id":1589,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1590,"affiliations":1591,"properties":1600,"displayName":1602,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"0d9fb212-fb07-4944-8b02-e46672ff4085",[143],[1592],{"id":1593,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1594,"properties":20},"9c8a90ec-db4f-4e4d-8a43-c1515e9475ee",{"id":1593,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1595,"slug":20,"properties":1596,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1599,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1597},{"VI":1598},"Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan",[],{"title":1601,"gsAuthor":1603},{"VI":1602},"Jikai Sun",{"VOID":1604},"[\"0YQiIMkAAAAJ\"]",{"id":1606,"sortIndex":108,"researcher":20,"roles":1607,"affiliations":1608,"properties":1617,"displayName":1619,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"e77d6400-5a33-473c-9faa-11a8de51435a",[143],[1609],{"id":1610,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1611,"properties":20},"1961f760-446b-4487-8252-ba9844115741",{"id":1610,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1612,"slug":20,"properties":1613,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1616,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1614},{"VI":1615},"Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan",[],{"title":1618,"gsAuthor":1620},{"VI":1619},"Fumiaki 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China",[],{"title":1671},{"VI":1672},"Baoyintu",{"url":1586,"publisher":1674,"properties":1728},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1675,"slug":10,"properties":1676,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":1680,"manageAffiliations":1697,"indexDatabases":1708,"url":102,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":1723,"gsStatistic":20,"type":114,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":1677,"title":1678,"eissn":1679},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},{"VOID":17},[1681,1685,1689,1693],{"id":24,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1682,"label":1683,"description":1684,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":27},{},{"id":30,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1686,"label":1687,"description":1688,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":33},{},{"id":36,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1690,"label":1691,"description":1692,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":39},{},{"id":42,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1694,"label":1695,"description":1696,"parentId":20,"standard":20,"scholarHubFieldId":20},[],{"EN":45},{},[1698,1703],{"id":49,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1699,"slug":20,"properties":1700,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1702,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1701},{"EN":53},[],{"id":56,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1704,"slug":20,"properties":1705,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1707,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1706},{"EN":60},[62],[1709,1716],{"id":65,"indexDatabase":1710,"url":78,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":1715,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":67,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1711,"label":1712,"description":1713,"key":74,"publicationTags":1714,"standard":20},[],{"EN":70,"VI":70},{"EN":72,"VI":73},[76,77],[80,81],{"id":83,"indexDatabase":1717,"url":94,"indexYears":95,"academicFieldIds":1722,"indexDatabaseRanking":101},{"id":85,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1718,"label":1719,"description":1720,"key":91,"publicationTags":1721,"standard":20},[],{"EN":88,"VI":88},{"EN":88,"VI":90},[93],[97,98,99,100],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":1724,"i10Index":21,"i10IndexLast5Year":21,"totalPublication":105,"totalPublicationByYear":1725,"totalCitation":21,"totalCitationByYear":1726,"totalCitationPerPublication":21,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1727,"hindexLast5Year":21,"hindex":21},{},{"2003":107,"2006":108,"2007":108,"2009":109,"2011":108,"2012":108,"2013":108,"2014":107,"2015":107,"2017":110,"2018":108,"2019":110,"2020":110,"2021":110,"2022":111,"2023":107},{},{},{"pages":1729,"volume":1731},{"VOID":1730},"3491-3521",{"VOID":1732},"19",{"total":21,"publishYear":1207,"statisticByYear":1734},{},"2021-05-13","2026-07-21T14:44:04.061+00:00",[76,101],{"id":1739,"createTime":1740,"updateTime":1741,"relativeEntities":1742,"slug":1743,"properties":1744,"entityType":134,"verifyStatus":135,"verifyTime":1755,"verifyNote":137,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1756,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1757,"publicationType":203,"publisherRelationship":1890,"citationCount":21,"citationInfo":1950,"publishDate":1953,"publishYear":1951,"citationAnalyzeStatus":647,"lastCitationAnalyze":1741,"indexDatabases":1954,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":486},"4d4a5638-d35c-4dfb-811e-ffbb1911469b","2024-01-02T05:22:00.947+00:00","2026-07-20T10:06:21.730+00:00",[],"The-Cephalonia-Greece-January-26-M6-1-and-February-3-2014-M6-0-earthquakes-near-fault-ground-motion-and-effects-on-soil-and-structures",{"abstract":1745,"title":1747,"gsPaper":1749,"references":1751,"doi":1753},{"EN":1746},"\nThe M6.1 and M6.0 Cephalonia (Greece) earthquakes on 26 January and 3 February 2014, were right lateral strike-slip events. Both shocks occurred on the Cephalonia Transform Fault zone. Strong ground motion was recorded in the near-fault at the permanent and temporary accelerograph network of ITSAK, with the highest to date acquired peak ground acceleration in Greece (PGA = 0.77 g at Chavriata-CHV1 station). Local site effects in combination with source effects, have strongly affected near-fault ground motion. Landslides, rock sliding effects, behavior of stone masonry retaining walls, road embankments, road network failures, ports and liquefaction are also investigated and presented. Seismic response of different type of structures at the stricken area is presented and comparison of the near-fault recorded ground motion with seismic code provisions in Greece is attempted. Although, near-fault seismic excitation imposed to Cephalonia buildings was much higher than the design values foreseen by the old and recent codes, corresponding damage was much lower than one could expect. The over-strength of structures together with a long established good construction practice on the island of Cephalonia could explain their favourable response to high seismic actions, overwhelming those of seismic code provisions. However, buildings constructed according to the 1959 Greek Seismic Code or earlier, should be investigated in more detail and if high vulnerability is detected, it is necessary to strengthen them according to modern seismic code provisions.",{"EN":1748},"The Cephalonia, Greece, January 26 (M6.1) and February 3, 2014 (M6.0) earthquakes: near-fault ground motion and effects on soil and structures",{"VOID":1750},"[\"6032515986630421865\"]",{"VOID":1752},"Anagnostopoulos SA, Rinaldis D, Lekidis VA, Margaris VN, Theodulidis N (1987) The Kalamata, Greece earthquake of September 13, 1986. Earthq Spec 3:365–402\nArias A (1970) A measure of earthquake intensity. In: Hansen RJ (ed) Seismic design for nuclear power plants. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 438–483\nAUTH-ITSAK (1996) Final report on Study of the effect of local soil conditions, geomorphology and soil structure interaction on the recordings of the national accelerographic network (in Greek)\nEAK2003 (2003) Greek seismic code. EPPO, Athens (in Greek)\nEC-8 EUROCODE No 8 (1989) Structures in seismic regions. Commission of the European Communities\nGiardini D, Woessner J, Danciu L, Valensise G, Grünthal G, Cotton F, Akkar S, Basili R, Stucchi M, Rovida A, Stromeyer D, Arvidsson R, Meletti F, Musson R, Sesetyan K, Demircioglu MB, Crowley H, Pinho R, Pitilakis K, Douglas J, Fonseca J, Erdik M, Campos-Costa A, Glavatovic B, Makropoulos K, Lindholm C, Cameelbeeck T (2013) Seismic hazard harmonization in Europe (SHARE): online data resource. doi:10.12686\u002FSED-00000001-SHARE, http:\u002F\u002Fwww.share-eu.org\nKarakostas V, Papadimitriou E, Mesimeri M, Garlaouni Ch, Paradisopoulou P (2014) The 2014 Kefalonia Doublet (M6.1 and M6.0), Central Ionian Islands, Greece: seismotectonic implications along the Kefalonia transform fault zone. Acta Geophys 63:1–16\nLekidis VA, Theodulidis NP, Margaris VN, Papastamatiou DJ (1992) Observations and lessons learned from recent earthquakes in Greece. In: Proceedings of 10WCEE, 1, Madrid, pp 21–26\nLekkas E, Danamos G, Mavrikas G (2001) Geologic structure and evolution of the Cephalonia and Ithaki islands. Bull Geol Soc Greece, XXXIV, pp 11–17\nMavroeidis GP, Papageorgiou AS (2003) A mathematical representation of near-fault ground motions. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93:1099–1131\nPapadopoulos G, Karastathis V, Koukouvelas I, Sachpazi M, Baskoutas I, Chouliaras G, Agalos A, Daskalaki E, Minadakis G, Moshou A, Mouzakiotis A, Orfanogiannaki K, Papageorgiou A, Spanos D, Triantafyllou I (2014) The Cephalonia, Ionian Sea (Greece), sequence of strong earthquakes of January–February 2014: a first report. Res Geophys 4(5441):19–30\nPapagiannopoulos G, Hatzigeorgiou G, Beskos D (2012) An assessment of seismic hazard and risk in the island of Cephalonia and Ithaca, Greece. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 32:15–25\nPapazachos B, Papazachou C (1997) The earthquakes of Greece. Ziti Publ. Co., Thessaloniki\nPapazachos B, Papazachou C (2003) The earthquakes in Greece. Ziti Publ. Co., Thessaloniki (in Greek with english abstract)\nRathje ME, Kottke A (2010) Strata. https:\u002F\u002Fnees.org\u002Fresources\u002Fstrata\nRocLab v1.001 (2002) http:\u002F\u002Fwww.rocscience.com\nRovithis E, Pitilakis K (2011) Seismic performance and rehabilitation of old stone bridges in earthquake-prone areas: the case of Debosset bridge in Greece. In: Proceedings of IBSBI 2011, October 13–15, 2011, Athens, Greece\nScordilis EM, Karakaisis GF, Karakostas BG, Panagiotopoulos DG, Comninakis PE, Papazachos BC (1985) Evidence for transform faulting in the Ionian Sea: the Cephalonia Island earthquake sequence. Pure appl Geophys 123:388–397\nSokos E, Kiratzi A, Gallovič F, Zahradník J, Serpetsidaki A, Plicka V, Janský J, Kostelecký J, Tselentis G-A (2015) Rupture process of the 2014 Cephalonia, Greece, earthquake doublet (Mw6) as inferred from regional and local seismic data. Tectonophysics. doi:10.1016\u002Fj.tecto.2015.06.013\nSomerville P (2003) Magnitude scaling of the near fault rupture directivity pulse. Phys Earth Planet Inter 137:201–212\nTheodoulidis N, Kalogeras I, Papazachos C, Karastathis V, Margaris V, Papaioannou Ch, Skarlatoudis A (2004) HEAD v1.0: a unified HEllenic accelerogram database. Seismol Res Lett 75(1):36–45\nValkaniotis S, Ganas A, Papathanassiou G, Papanikolaou M (2014) Field observations of geological effects triggered by the January–February 2014 Cephalonia (Ionian Sea, Greece) earthquakes. 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Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ\nBeen K, Jefferies MG (1985) A state parameter for sands. Géotechnique 35(2):99–112\nBiarez J, Favre J-L (1972) Corrélations de paramètres en mécanique des sols. Table ronde nationale, Ecole Centrale Paris\nBiarez J, Hicher P-Y (1994) Elementary mechanics of soil behaviour, saturated and remolded soils. Balkema, Amsterdam, The Netherlands\nDarendeli MB (2001) Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, USA\nDickenson SE, Seed RB (1996) Non-linear dynamic response of soft and deep cohesive soil deposits. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on site response subjected to strong earthquake motions, vol 2. Yokosuka, Japan, pp 67–81\nDobry R, Ladd RS, Yokel FY, Chung RM, Powell D (1982) Prediction of pore water pressure buildup and liquefaction of sands during earthquakes by the cyclic strain method. Nat Bur Stand Build Sci Ser 138:11–49\nFavre J-L (1980) Milieu continu et milieu discontinu: mesure statistique indirecte des paramètres rhéologiques et approche probabiliste de la sécurité. Thèse de docteur ès sciences, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France\nGhaboussi J., Dikmen SU (1978) Liquefaction analysis of horizontally layered sands. J Geotechn Eng Div ASCE 104(nr GT3):341–356\nHardin BO (1978) The nature of stress-strain behavior for soils. In: Proceedings ASCE geotechnical engineering division. Specially conference on earthquake engineering and soil dynamics, vol.1 Pasadena, CA, pp 3–89\nHicher P.Y, Rahma A (1994) Micro-macro correlations for granular media. Application to the modelling of sands. Eur J Mechanics A\u002FSolids 13(6):763–781\nHujeux J-C (1985) Une loi de comportement pour le chargement cyclique des sols. In: Davidovici V, (ed) Génie Parasismique. Presses ENPC, France, pp 278–302\nIdriss IM (1991) Earthquake ground motions at soft soil sites. In: Prakash S (eds). Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on recent advances in geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamics, vol 3. St. Louis, Missouri, pp 2265–2271\nIshibashi I, Zhang X (1993) Unified dynamic shear moduli and damping ratios of sand and clay. Soils Found 33(1):182–191\nIshihara K (1993) Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquakes. 33rd Rankine lecture. Géotechnique 43(3):351–415\nIshihara K, Tatsuoka F, Yasuda S (1975) Undrained deformation and liquefaction of sand under cyclic stresses. Soils Found 15(1):29–44\nIwasaki T, Tatsuoka F, Takagi Y (1978) Shear moduli of sands under cyclic torsional shear loading. Soils Found 18(1):39–56\nJamiolkowski M, Ladd CC, Germaine JT, Lancellotta R (1985) New developments in field and laboratory testing of soils. In: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on soil mechanics and foundations engineering, vol 1. San Francisco, CA, pp 57–154\nKallioglou P, Tika Th, Pitilakis K (1999) Dynamic characteristics of natural cohesive soils. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on earthquake geotechnical engineering. Lisbon, Portugal\nKohata Y, Tatsuoka F, Wang L, Jiang GL, Hoque E, Kodaka T (1997) Modelling the non-linear deformation properties of stiff geomaterials. Symposium in print. Géotechnique 47(3):563–580\nKokusho T (1980) Cyclic triaxial test of dynamic soil properties for wide strain range. Soils Found 20(4):45–60\nKokusho T, Yoshida Y, Esashi Y (1982) Dynamic properties of soft clays for wide strain range. Soils Found 22(4):1–18\nKramer SL (1996) Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ\nMellal A (1997) Analyse des effets du comportement non linéaire des sols sur le mouvement sismique. Thèse de doctorat, École Centrale Paris, France\nModaressi H, Foerster E (2000) CyberQuake. User’s manual, BRGM, France\nPande GN, Pietruszczak S, (1986) A critical look at constitutive models for soils. In: Dungar R, Studer JA (ed) Geomechanical modelling in engineering practice. Balkema AA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, pp 369–395\nPrévost J-H, Hoeg K (1975) Effective stress-strain strength model for soils. J Geotechnical Eng Div ASCE 101(nr GT3):259–278\nSaim R (1997) Dès comportements repères des grains sans colle à un exemple de sol réel. Thèse de doctorat, École Centrale, Paris France\nSantos JA (1999) Caracterização de solos através de ensaios dinâmicos e cíclicos de torção ; Aplicação ao estudo do comportamento de estacas sob acções horizontais estáticas e dinâmicas. Dissertação Doutor, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal\nSchofield AN, Wroth CP (1968) Critical state soil mechanics. McGraw-Hill, London\nSeed HB, Idriss IM (1970) Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analyses. 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densely populated city of Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) is situated in~the vicinity of active seismic faults, capable of producing moderate to strong earthquakes. The city has been severely affected by such events several times during the last 15 centuries. The most recent event occurred on 20 June 1978 (M6.5) in the Mygdonian graben, with an epicentral distance of about 30 km, causing extended damage in the city, with macroseismic intensities between MSK V+ and VIII+. The majority of buildings affected by the earthquake were of reinforced-concrete typology, typical to many southern European metropolitan areas. The source properties of the normal-faulting causative event and the source-to-city propagation path are well known from previous studies. The soil structure under the metropolitan area of Thessaloniki is assigned NEHRP categories B, C, D on the basis of geotechnical and geologic information and single-station ambient-noise measurements. A finite source model and various rupture scenarios of the June 1978 earthquake are used to perform forward stochastic modeling of strong ground motion in terms of peak ground and spectral acceleration. Rock motion is assessed under the city and it is transferred to the surface in accordance with the respective soil category. A GIS tool is employed to compare the estimated strong-motion parameters with the observed detailed damage pattern induced by the 1978 earthquake. For selected natural periods, a satisfactory correlation is established between macroseismic intensity and peak ground and spectral acceleration, thus encouraging the application of stochastic modeling for generating realistic ground-shaking scenarios in metropolitan areas.",{"EN":2090},"Retrospective Prediction of Macroseismic Intensities Using Strong Ground Motion Simulation: The Case of the 1978 Thessaloniki (Greece) Earthquake (M6.5)",{"VOID":2092},"[\"12093173665631317540\"]",{"VOID":2094},"Anastasiadis, A. and Klimis, N. (2002) Effect of soil non-linearities and site characteristics on evaluation of site coefficients, Paper No. 498, Proceedings of 12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering.\nAnastasiadis, A., Raptakis, D., and Pitilakis, K. (2001) Thessaloniki’s detailed microzoning: subsurface structure site response analysis. Pageoph 158, 2597–2633\nAnderson J. and Hough S. (1984). A model for the shape of the Fourier amplitude spectrum of acceleration at high frequencies. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 74:1969–1993\nAtakan, K., Bard, P.-Y., Kind, F., Moreno, B., Roquette, P., Tento, A. and SESAME-Team (2004b) J-SESAME: a standardized software solution for the H\u002FV spectral ration technique, Paper No. 2270, Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, August 2004.\nAtakan, K., Duval, A.-M., Theodulidis, N., Guillier, B., Chatelain J.-L., Bard P.-Y. and SESAME-Team (2004a) The H\u002FV spectral ratio technique: experimental conditions, data processing and empirical reliability assessment, Paper No. 2268, Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, August 2004.\nBarker J. and Langston C. (1981)\u002F Inversion of teleseismic body waves for the moment tensor of the 1978 Thessaloniki, Greece, earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 71:1423–1444\nBerardi R., Jiménez M.J., Zonno G. and García-Fernández M. (2000) Calibration of stochastic finite-fault ground motion simulations for the 1997 Umbria–Marche, Central Italy, earthquake sequence. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 20:315–324\nBeresnev I.A. and Atkinson G.M. (1997) Modeling finite-fault radiation from the ωn spectrum. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87:67–84\nBeresnev I.A. and Atkinson G.M. (1998) FINSIM—a FORTRAN program for simulating stochastic acceleration time histories from finite faults. 69, 27–32\nBeresnev I.A. and Atkinson G.M. (1999) Generic finite-fault model for ground-motion prediction in Eastern North America. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89:608–625\nBeresnev I.A. and Atkinson G.M. (2001a) Subevent structure of large earthquakes—a ground motion perspective. Geophysical Research Letters 28:53–56\nBeresnev I. and Atkinson G.M. (2001b) Correction to subevent structure of large earthquakes—a ground motion perspective. Geophysical Research Letters 28:4663\nBoore D.M. (2003) Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method. Pure and Applied Geophysics 160:635–676\nCastro R.R., Rovelli A., Cocco M., Di Bona M. and Pacor F. (2001) Stochastic simulation of strong-motion records from the 26 September 1997 (M w 6), Umbria–Marche (Central Italy) earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 91:27–39\nCastro R.R. and Ruíz-Cruz E. (2005) Stochastic modeling of the 30 September 1999 Mw 7.5 earthquake, Oaxaca, Mexico. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95(6):2259–2271\nDuval, A.-M., Chatelain, J.-L., Guillier, B., and the SESAME WP02-Team (2004) Influence of experimental conditions on H\u002FV determination using ambient vibrations (noise). Proceedings of 11th ICSDEE & 3rd ICEGE, Berkeley CA, 7–9 January 2004, Vol. 2, pp. 149–156\nErdik, M. and Durukal, E. (2003) Simulation modeling of strong ground motion. In Chen, W.F. and Scawthorn, C. (eds.), Earthquake Engineering Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 6, 16–67\nField E. and Jacob K. (1993) The theoretical response of sedimentary layersto ambient seismic noise. Geophysical Research Letters 20:2925–2928\nGeotechnical Engineering Division, (1985) Geotechnical Study in the metropolitan area of Thessaloniki. Report of the G.E.D. Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle Univ. Thessaloniki, 136p.\nHanks T.C. (1982) f max. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 72:1867–1879\nHartzell S. (1978) Earthquake aftershocks as Green’s functions. Geophysical Research Letters 5:1–4\nHatzidimitriou P. (1993) Attenuation of coda waves in northern Greece. Pageoph 140:63–78\nHatzidimitriou P. (1995) S-wave attenuation in the crust in northern Greece. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 85:1381–1387\nHough S.E., Martin S., Bilham R., and Atkinson G.M. (2002) The 26 January 2001 M7.6 Bhuj, India earthquake: observed and predicted ground motions. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92:2061–2079\nIglesias A., Singh S.K., Pacheco J.F. and Ordaz M. (2002) A source and wave propagation study of the Copalillo, Mexico, earthquake of 21 July 2000 (M w 5.9): implications for seismic hazard in Mexico City from inslab earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92:1060–1071\nIGME (1978) Geological Map: Thessaloniki Sheet (scale 1:50000), IGME edition.\nIGME (1998) Engineering Geological Map: Thessaloniki Wider Area (scale 1:25000), IGME edition.\nIrikura K. (1983) Semi-empirical estimation of strong ground motions during large earthquakes. Bulletin of Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University 33:63–104\nKamae K., Irikura K. and Pitarka A. (1998) A technique for simulating strong ground motion using hybrid Green’s function. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88:357–367\nKappos A., Stylianides K. and Penelis G. (1991) Analytical prediction of the response of structures to future earthquakes. European Earthquake Engineering 1:10–21\nKonno K. and Ohmachi T. (1998) Ground-motion characteristics estimated from spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components of microtremor. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88(1):228–241\nKulhanek, O. and Meyer, K. (1983) Spectral study of the June 20, 1978 Thessaloniki earthquake. Publication Technical Chamber of Greece, Section of Central Macedonia. Papazachos and Carydis (eds), pp. 187–199.\nLachet C. and Bard P-Y. (1994) Numerical and theoretical investigations on the possibilities and limitations of the Nakamura’s technique. Journal of Physics of the Earth 42:377–397\nLermo L. and Chávez-García J. (1994) Are microtremors useful in site response evaluation?. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84:1350–1364\nLeventakis, G. (2003) Microzonation study of the city of Thessaloniki. PhD Thesis. Geological Dept., Aristotle Univ. Thes\u002Fniki, 84 p (in Greek with English abstract).\nMotazedian D. and Atkinson G.M. (2005) Stochastic finite-fault modeling based on a dynamic corner frequency. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95(3):995–1010\nNakamura Y. (1989) A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of sub-surface using microtremors on the ground surface. Quick Report of Railway Technical Research Institute 30(1):25–33 (in Japanese).\nNEHRP (1994) Recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings. Part 1. Provisions. FEMA 222A, 1–32.\nOhta, Y., Kagami, H., Okada, S. and Ohashi, H. (1985) Seismic intensity and its application to engineering: a study in Japan. Proceedings NATO Advanced Study Institute on Strong Motion Seismology, June 10–21, 1985, MET Univ., Ankara, pp. 1–16.\nPapageorgiou A. (1988) On two characteristic frequencies of acceleration spectra: patch corner frequency and f max. Bulletin of the Seismological Soceity of America 78:509–529\nPapageorgiou A. and Aki K. (1983) A specific barrier model of the quantitative description of inhomogeneous faulting and the prediction of strong ground motion I. Description of the model. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 73: 693–722\nPapazachos, B. and Carydis, P. (eds.) (1983) The Thessaloniki, northern Greece, earthquake of June 20, 1978 and its seismic sequence. Publication Technical Chamber of Greece, Section of Central Macedonia, 451p.\nPapazachos, B., Scordilis, E., Panagiotopoulos, D., Papazachos, C. and Karakaisis, G. (2004) Global relations between seismic fault parameters and moment magnitude of earthquakes. Bulletin of the Geology Society of Greece, Vol. XXXVI, Paper No. SE1_17.\nPenelis, G., Stylianidis, K. and Stavrakakis, E. (1985) Statistical evaluation of the response of the buildings in the center of Thessaloniki to the earthquake of 20 June 1978, Proceedings of 12 th Regional Seminar on Earthquake Engineering, Halkidiki, Greece.\nPitarka A., Kamae K., Somerville P., Fukushima Y., Uetake T. and Irikura K. (2000) Simulation of near-fault strongground motion using hybrid Green’s function. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 90:566–586\nPitarka A., Somerville P., Fukushima Y., and Uetake T. (2002) Ground-motion attenuation from the 1995 Kone earthquake based on simulations using the hybrid Green’s function method. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92(3):1025–1031\nPitarka A., Somerville P., Fukushima Y., Uetake T., and Irikura K. (2000) Simulation of near-fault strong ground motion using hybrid Green’s function. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 90(3):566–586\nPitilakis K., Anastasiadis A. and Raptakis D. (1992) Field and laboratory determination of dynamic properties of natural soil deposits. Proceedings of 10th World Conference Earthquake Engineering 5:1275–1280\nPulido N. and Kubo T. (2004) Near-fault strong motion complexity of the 2000 Tottori earthquake (Japan) from a broadband source asperity model. Tectonophysics 390:177–192\nPulido N., Ojeda A., Atakan K. and Kubo T. (2004) Strong ground motion estimation in the Marmara Sea region (Turkey) based on a scenario earthquake. Tectonophysics 391:357–374\nRaptakis D., Makra K., Anastasiadis A. and Pitilakis K. (2004) Complex site effects in Thessaloniki (Greece). II. 2D SH modelling and engineering insights. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2:301–327\nRISK-UE Report, (2003) An advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios, with applications to different European towns, EC Project No.: EVK4-CT-2000–00014.\nRoumelioti Z. and Beresnev I. (2003) Stochastic finite-fault modeling of ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: application to rock and soil sites with implications for nonlinear site response. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93(4):1691–1702\nRoumelioti Z., Kiratzi A. and Theodulidis N. (2004) Stochastic strong ground motion simulation of the 7 September 1999 Athens (Greece) earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 94:1036–1052\nSESAME project (2005) European Project Final Report, http:\u002F\u002FSESAME-FP5.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr.\nSingh S.K., Bansal B.K., Bhattacharya S.N., Pacheco J.F., Dattatrayam R.S., Ordaz M., Suresh G., Kamal and Hough S.E. (2003) Estimation of ground motion for Bhuj (26 January 2001; Mw 7.6) and for future earthquakes in India. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93(1):353–370\nSkarlatoudis A., Papazachos C., Margaris B., Theodulidis N., Papaioannou Ch., Kalogeras I., Scordilis E. and Karakostas V. (2003) Empirical peak ground-motion predictive relations for shallow earthquakes in Greece. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93:2591–2603\nSoufleris Ch., Jackson J., King G., Spencer C. and Scholz C. (1982) The 1978 earthquake sequence near Thessaloniki (northern Greece). Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 68:429–458\nSoufleris Ch. and Stewart G. (1981) A source study of the Thessaloniki (northern Greece) 1978 earthquake sequence. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 67:343–358\nStiros S. and Drakos A. (2000) Geodetic constraints on the fault pattern of the 1978 Thessaloniki (northern Greece) earthquake (Ms=6.4). Geophys. J. Int. 143:679–688\nTheodulidis, N. and Bard, P-Y. (1998) Dependence of f max on site geology: a preliminary study of Greek strong-motion data. Proceedings of 11th European Conferance Earthquake Engineering, Abstr. Vol. 562 & CD ROM.\nTheodulidis, N., Cultrera, G. Tento, A. Faeh, D. Atakan, K., Bard, P.-Y., Panou, A. and the SESAME-Team, (2004) Empirical evaluation of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio technique: results from the SESAME project. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, August 2004, Paper No. 2323.\nTheodulidis N. and Papazachos B. (1994) Dependence of strong ground motion on magnitude-distance, site geology and macroseismic intensity for shallow earthquakes in Greece: II, Horizontal pseudovelocity. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 13:317–343\nTranos M., Papadimitriou E. and Kilias A. (2003) Thessaloniki–Gerakarou fault zone (TGFZ): the extension of the 1978 Thessaloniki earthquake fault (Northern Greece) and seismic hazard assessment. Journal of Struct. Geol. 25:2109–2123\nTriantafyllidis P., Suhadolc P., Hatzidimitriou P., Anastasiadis A. and Theodulidis N. (2004). Part I: theoretical site response estimation for microzoning purposes. Pageoph:161:1185–1203\nTsotsos S. and Pitilakis K. (1986) Geotechnical properties of Thessaloniki soil formations. Proceedings of 1st Hellenic Conference, on Soil Mechanics I:115–118 (in Greek)\nTsotsos, S. and Zissis-Tegos, G. (1986) Seismic microzonation study of Thessaloniki area and comparison with the observed damage distribution during the June, 1978 earthquake. Proceedings of 8th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, Sept. 7–12, Vol. 5.1, pp. 25–32.\nWells D. and Coppersmith K. (1994) New empirical relationships among magnitude, ruptutre length, rupture width, rupture area and surface displacement. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84:974–1002\nZar, J.R. (1984) Biostatistical Analysis, Book Edited by Prentice-Hall International, Inc., 718p.",{"VOID":2096},"10.1007\u002Fs10518-006-9001-6","2024-05-05T04:12:41.051+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10518-006-9001-6",[2100,2115,2132,2153,2166,2179,2194,2207],{"id":2101,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":2102,"affiliations":2103,"properties":2112,"displayName":2114,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"d03c3a92-8383-41a1-b464-5ca90c69037c",[143],[2104],{"id":2105,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":2106,"properties":20},"10109fe7-3943-436b-83d4-2dabb6e5fffe",{"id":2105,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2107,"slug":20,"properties":2108,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2111,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2109},{"VI":2110},"Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake, Engineering (ITSAK), Thessaloniki, Greece",[],{"title":2113},{"VI":2114},"Nikolaos Theodulidis",{"id":2116,"sortIndex":108,"researcher":20,"roles":2117,"affiliations":2118,"properties":2127,"displayName":2129,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"34d66c42-a3ac-4755-a1ea-d97ecc6076cd",[143],[2119],{"id":2120,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":2121,"properties":20},"f2e2a1aa-cf3e-49f0-839d-2e7485267ddd",{"id":2120,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2122,"slug":20,"properties":2123,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2126,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2124},{"VI":2125},"Division of Geophysics, Department of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece",[],{"title":2128,"gsAuthor":2130},{"VI":2129},"Zafeiria 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Kiratzi",{"id":2180,"sortIndex":111,"researcher":20,"roles":2181,"affiliations":2182,"properties":2191,"displayName":2193,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"abb737f7-a31f-4556-a59b-c81e9618a9a8",[143],[2183],{"id":2184,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":2185,"properties":20},"98effdcf-919d-403b-8af8-96b7beb0a7ef",{"id":2184,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2186,"slug":20,"properties":2187,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2190,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2188},{"VI":2189},"Division of Geodesy and Surveying, Department of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece",[],{"title":2192},{"VI":2193},"Vassilios 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