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emissions of particulate matter using tunnel measurements",{"VOID":1873},"[\"2759688409064255777\"]",{"VOID":1875},"Abu-Allaban, 2003, Tailpipe, resuspended road dust, and brake-wear emission factors from on-road vehicles, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 5283, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2003.05.005\nAllen, 2001, Emissions of size-segregated aerosols from on-road vehicles in the Caldecott Tunnel, Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 4189, 10.1021\u002Fes0015545\nATSDR, 1995\nBoonyatumanond, 2007, Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust in a tropical Asian mega-city, Bangkok, Thailand, Science of the Total Environment, 384, 420, 10.1016\u002Fj.scitotenv.2007.06.046\nBukowiecki, 2010, PM10 emission factors for non-exhaust particles generated by road traffic in an urban street canyon and along a freeway in Switzerland, Atmospheric Environment, 44, 2330, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2010.03.039\nCharron, 2005, Fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) particulate matter on a heavily trafficked London highway: sources and processes, Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 768, 10.1021\u002Fes050462i\nDfT, 2008\nEPA, 1999\nFauser, 2002, Tire-tread and bitumen particle concentrations in aerosol and soil samples, Petroleum Science and Technology, 20, 127, 10.1081\u002FLFT-120002092\nFukuzaki, 1986, Effects of studded tires on roadside airborne dust pollution in Niigata, Japan, Atmospheric Environment, 20, 377, 10.1016\u002F0004-6981(86)90041-7\nFurujö, 2007, PM10 source characterization at urban and highway roadside locations, Science of the Total Environment, 387, 206, 10.1016\u002Fj.scitotenv.2007.07.021\nGasser, 2009, Toxic effects of brake wear particles on epithelial lung cells in vitro, Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 6, 30, 10.1186\u002F1743-8977-6-30\nGehrig, 2004, Separate determination of PM10 emission factors of road traffic for tailpipe emissions and emissions from abrasion and resuspension, International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 22, 312, 10.1504\u002FIJEP.2004.005549\nGietl, 2010, Identification of brake wear particles and derivation of a quantitative tracer for brake dust at a major road, Atmospheric Environment, 44, 141, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2009.10.016\nGioia, 2010, Insights into the dynamics and sources of atmospheric lead and particulate matter in Sao Paulo, Brazil, from high temporal resolution sampling, Atmospheric Research, 98, 478, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosres.2010.08.016\nGodoi, 2004, Fast chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in aerosol samples from sugar cane burning, Journal of Chromatography A, 1027, 49, 10.1016\u002Fj.chroma.2003.10.048\nHarrad, 2005, Concentrations, sources and temporal trends in atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a major conurbation, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 7, 722, 10.1039\u002Fb503983e\nHarrison, 2003, A study of trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the roadside environment, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 2391, 10.1016\u002FS1352-2310(03)00122-5\nHeal, 2005, Total and water-soluble trace metal content of urban background PM10, PM2.5 and black smoke in Edinburgh, UK, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 1417, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2004.11.026\nHenry, 1984, Review of receptor model fundamentals, Atmospheric Environment, 18, 1507, 10.1016\u002F0004-6981(84)90375-5\nHjortenkrans, 2007, Metal emissions from brake linings and tires: case studies of Stockholm, Sweden 1995\u002F1998 and 2005, Environmental Science and Technology, 41, 5224, 10.1021\u002Fes070198o\nHueglin, 2005, Chemical characterisation of PM2.5, PM10 and coarse particles at urban, near-city and rural sites in Switzerland, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 637, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2004.10.027\nIijima, 2007, Particle size and composition distribution analysis of automotive brake abrasion dusts for the evaluation of antimony sources of airborne particulate matter, Atmospheric Environment, 41, 4908, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2007.02.005\nKarvosenoja, 2008, Evaluation of the emissions and uncertainties of PM2.5 originated from vehicular traffic and domestic wood combustion in Finland, Boreal Environment Research, 13, 465\nKennedy, 2003\nKeuken, 2010, Non-exhaust emissions of PM and the efficiency of emission reduction by road sweeping and washing in the Netherlands, Science of the Total Environment, 408, 4591, 10.1016\u002Fj.scitotenv.2010.06.052\nKupiainen, 2003, Experimental studies about the impact of traction sand on urban road dust composition, Science of the Total Environment, 308, 175, 10.1016\u002FS0048-9697(02)00674-5\nLegret, 1999, Evaluation of pollutant loadings in the runoff waters from a major rural highway, Science of the Total Environment, 235, 143, 10.1016\u002FS0048-9697(99)00207-7\nLenschow, 2001, Some ideas about the sources of PM10, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 23, 10.1016\u002FS1352-2310(01)00122-4\nLim, 1999, The contribution of traffic to atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Environmental Science and Technology, 33, 3538, 10.1021\u002Fes990392d\nLonati, 2005, Major chemical components of PM2.5 in Milan (Italy), Atmospheric Environment, 39, 1925, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2004.12.012\nLough, 2005, Emissions of metals associated with major vehicle roadways, Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 826, 10.1021\u002Fes048715f\nLuhana, 2004\nMao, 2007\nMartuzevicius, 2011, Resuspension of particulate matter and PAHs from street dust, Atmospheric Environment, 45, 310, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2010.10.026\nMeister, 2012, Estimated short-term effects of coarse particles on daily mortality in Stockholm, Sweden, Environmental Health Perspectives, 120, 431, 10.1289\u002Fehp.1103995\nMudway, 2009\nOliveira, 2010, Road traffic impact on urban atmospheric aerosol loading at Oporto, Portugal, Atmospheric Environment, 44, 3147, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2010.05.027\nPaatero, 2005, A graphical diagnostic method for assessing the rotation in factor analytical models of atmospheric pollution, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 193, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2004.08.018\nPope, 2006, Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect, Journal of Air and Waste Management Association, 56, 709, 10.1080\u002F10473289.2006.10464485\nRauterberg-Wulff, 2000\nRavindra, 2001, Health risk assessment of urban suspended particulate matter with special reference to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review, Reviews on Environmental Health, 16, 169, 10.1515\u002FREVEH.2001.16.3.169\nRavindra, 2006, Seasonal and site specific variation in vapor and aerosol phase PAHs over Flanders (Belgium) and their relation with anthropogenic activities, Atmospheric Environment, 40, 771, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2005.10.011\nRavindra, 2006, Assessment of air quality after the implementation of CNG as fuel in public transport in Delhi, India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 115, 405, 10.1007\u002Fs10661-006-7051-5\nRavindra, 2008, Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 2895, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2007.12.010\nRavindra, 2008, Chemical characterization and multivariate analysis of atmospheric PM2.5 particles, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 59, 199, 10.1007\u002Fs10874-008-9102-5\nRavindra, 2008, Variation in particulate PAHs levels and their relation with the transboundary movement of the air masses, Science of the Total Environment, 396, 100, 10.1016\u002Fj.scitotenv.2008.02.018\nReddy, 1997, Environment chemistry of benzothiazoles derived from rubber, Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 2847, 10.1021\u002Fes970078o\nRogge, 1993, Sources of fine organic aerosol. 3. Road dust, tyre debris, and organometallic brake lining dust: roads as sources and sinks, Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 1892, 10.1021\u002Fes00046a019\nSadiktsis, 2012, Automobile tyres – a potential source of highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes to the environment, Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 3326, 10.1021\u002Fes204257d\nSanders, 2003, Airborne brake wear debris: size distributions, composition, and a comparison of dynamometer and vehicle tests, Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 4060, 10.1021\u002Fes034145s\nSternbeck, 2002, Metal emissions from road traffic and the influence of resuspension—results from two tunnel studies, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 4735, 10.1016\u002FS1352-2310(02)00561-7\nStocker, 2007\nTandon, 2008, City-wide sweeping a source for respirable particulate matter in the atmosphere, Atmospheric Environment, 42, 1064, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2007.12.006\nThorpe, 2008, Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road 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Structure and circulation, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 36, 1577, 10.1175\u002F1520-0450(1997)036\u003C1577:AOANSO>2.0.CO;2\nClapp, 1978, Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic properties, Water Resources Research, 14, 601, 10.1029\u002FWR014i004p00601\nComarazamy, D.E., 2001. Atmospheric modeling of Caribbean Region: precipitation and wind analysis in Puerto Rico for April 1998. Thesis, Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus.\nEastman, 1998, Calibration of soil moisture for large-eddy simulation over the FIFE Area, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 55, 1131, 10.1175\u002F1520-0469(1998)055\u003C1131:COSMFL>2.0.CO;2\nGallo, 1993, The use of NOAWA AVHRR data for the assessment of the urban heat island effect, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 32, 899, 10.1175\u002F1520-0450(1993)032\u003C0899:TUONAD>2.0.CO;2\nGlobal Land Cover and Topography Characterization. http:\u002F\u002Fedcdaac.usgs.gov\u002Fdataproducts.html.\nGrasso, 2000, A numerical simulation of dryline sensitivity to soil moisture, Monthly Weather Review, 128, 2816, 10.1175\u002F1520-0493(2000)128\u003C2816:ANSODS>2.0.CO;2\nGreen, 1980, Testing an urban simulator, the influences of land use and land cover in climate analysis, Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1099-E, 10.3133\u002Fpp1099E\nHafner, 1999, Urban heat island modeling in conjunction with satellite-derived surface\u002Fsoil parameters, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 448, 10.1175\u002F1520-0450(1999)038\u003C0448:UHIMIC>2.0.CO;2\nHoward, L., 1833. The Climate of London, vols. I–III. London.\nInternet Publication, 1993. Increasing temperatures. Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, http:\u002F\u002Feetd.lbl.gov\u002FHeatIsland\u002FHighTemps\u002FIncreasingTemps.html.\nJauregui, 1997, Heat island development in Mexico City, Atmospheric Environment, 31, 3821, 10.1016\u002FS1352-2310(97)00136-2\nJauregui, 1996, Urban effects of convective precipitation in Mexico City, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 3383, 10.1016\u002F1352-2310(96)00041-6\nKalnay, 1996, The NCEP\u002FNCAR 40-year reanalysis project, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 437, 10.1175\u002F1520-0477(1996)077\u003C0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2\nLandsberg, 1981\nLo, 1997, Applications of high-resolution thermal infrared remote sensing and GIS to assess the urban heat island effect, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18, 204, 10.1080\u002F014311697219079\nMollinari, 1985, A general form of Kuo's cumulus parameterization, Monthly Weather Review, 113, 1411, 10.1175\u002F1520-0493(1985)113\u003C1411:AGFOKC>2.0.CO;2\nNoto, 1996, Dependence of heat island phenomena on stable stratification and heat quantity in calm environment, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 475, 10.1016\u002F1352-2310(95)00135-2\nPielke, 1992, A comprehensive meteorological modeling system—RAMS, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 49, 69, 10.1007\u002FBF01025401\nPielke, 1999, The Influence of anthropogenic landscape changes on weather in South Florida, Monthly Weather Review, 127, 1663, 10.1175\u002F1520-0493(1999)127\u003C1663:TIOALC>2.0.CO;2\nPoreh, 1996, Investigation of heat islands using small scale models, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 467, 10.1016\u002F1352-2310(95)00011-9\nSaitoh, 1996, Modeling and simulation of the Tokyo urban heat island, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 3431, 10.1016\u002F1352-2310(95)00489-0\nStull, 2000\nTaha, 1999, Modifying a mesoscale meteorological model to better incorporate urban heat storage: a bulk-parameterization approach, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 466, 10.1175\u002F1520-0450(1999)038\u003C0466:MAMMMT>2.0.CO;2\nTakle, 1999, Project to Intercompare Regional Climates Simulations (PIRCS): description and initial results, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 19443, 10.1029\u002F1999JD900352\nTso, 1995, A survey of urban heat island studies in two tropical cities, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 507, 10.1016\u002F1352-2310(95)00083-6\nUnited States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, and University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experimental Station, 1965. Soil survey of Lajas Valley Area of Puerto Rico. Technical Report.\nUnited States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, and University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experimental Station, 1971. Soil survey of Ponce of Puerto Rico. Technical Report.\nUnited States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, and University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experimental Station, 1975a. Soil survey of Mayagüez of Western Puerto Rico. Technical Report.\nUnited States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, and University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experimental Station, 1975b. Soil survey of San Juan Area of Puerto Rico. Technical Report.\nUnited States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, and University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experimental Station, 1977. Soil survey of Humacao of Eastern Puerto Rico. Technical Report.\nUnited States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, and University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experimental Station, 1979. Soil survey of Arecibo of Puerto Rico. 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Health Perspect., 125, 1\nAchad, 2018, Chemical markers of biomass burning: determination of levoglucosan, and potassium in size-classified atmospheric aerosols collected in Buenos Aires, Argentina by different analytical techniques, Microchem. J., 139, 181, 10.1016\u002Fj.microc.2018.02.016\nAkherati, 2020, Oxygenated aromatic compounds are important precursors of secondary organic aerosol in biomass-burning emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 8568, 10.1021\u002Facs.est.0c01345\nBates, 2015, Reactive oxygen species generation linked to sources of atmospheric particulate matter and cardiorespiratory effects, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 13605, 10.1021\u002Facs.est.5b02967\nBates, 2019, Review of acellular assays of ambient particulate matter oxidative potential: methods and relationships with composition, sources, and health effects, Environ. Sci. 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1-nitropyrene, and 9-nitroanthracene emissions in exhaust particles from diesel vehicles with different exhaust gas treatments",{"VOID":2330},"[\"14172176860453763072\"]",{"VOID":2332},"Albinet, 2006, Simultaneous analysis of oxygenated and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on standard reference material 1649a (urban dust) and on natural ambient air samples by gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry with negative ion chemical ionization, J. Chromatogr. 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Bull., 31, 1047, 10.1248\u002Fcpb.31.1047\nPitts, 1978, Atmospheric reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: facile formation of mutagenic nitro derivatives, Science, 202, 515, 10.1126\u002Fscience.705341\nRatclift, 2010, Diesel particulate filter and fuel effects on heavy-duty diesel engine emission, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8343, 10.1021\u002Fes1008032\nSato, 2007, Secondary organic aerosol formation during the photooxidation of toluene: NOx dependence of chemical composition, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 9796, 10.1021\u002Fjp071419f\nSato, 2012, AMS and LC\u002FMS analyses of SOA from the photooxidation of benzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in the presence of NOx: effects of chemical structure on SOA aging, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4667, 10.5194\u002Facp-12-4667-2012\nSchuetzle, 1983, Sampling of vehicle emissions for chemical analysis and biological testing, Environ. Health Perspect., 47, 65, 10.1289\u002Fehp.834765\nSekimoto, 2013, Characterization of nitromethane emission from automotive exhaust, Atmos. Environ., 81, 523, 10.1016\u002Fj.atmosenv.2013.09.031\nShoji, 2004\nTaneda, 2004, Investigation of vasodilatory substances in diesel exhaust particles (DEP): isolation and identification of nitrophenol derivatives, J. Health Sci., 50, 133, 10.1248\u002Fjhs.50.133\nTaneda, 2004, Estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity of nitrophenols in diesel exhaust particles (DEP), Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 835, 10.1248\u002Fbpb.27.835\nYaffe, 2001, Multimedia analysis of PAHs and nitro-PAHs daughter products in the Los Angeles Basin, Risk Anal., 21, 275, 10.1111\u002F0272-4332.212111\nYamada, 2011, Detailed analysis of diesel vehicle exhaust emissions: nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and particulate size distribution, Proc. Combust. 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