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The authors’ goal was to apply machine learning to arterial pressure waveforms and create an algorithm to predict hypotension. The algorithm detects early alteration in waveforms that can herald the weakening of cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms affecting preload, afterload, and contractility.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>The algorithm was developed with two different data sources: (1) a retrospective cohort, used for training, consisting of 1,334 patients’ records with 545,959 min of arterial waveform recording and 25,461 episodes of hypotension; and (2) a prospective, local hospital cohort used for external validation, consisting of 204 patients’ records with 33,236 min of arterial waveform recording and 1,923 episodes of hypotension. The algorithm relates a large set of features calculated from the high-fidelity arterial pressure waveform to the prediction of an upcoming hypotensive event (mean arterial pressure < 65 mmHg). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis evaluated the algorithm’s success in predicting hypotension, defined as mean arterial pressure less than 65 mmHg.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Using 3,022 individual features per cardiac cycle, the algorithm predicted arterial hypotension with a sensitivity and specificity of 88% (85 to 90%) and 87% (85 to 90%) 15 min before a hypotensive event (area under the curve, 0.95 [0.94 to 0.95]); 89% (87 to 91%) and 90% (87 to 92%) 10 min before (area under the curve, 0.95 [0.95 to 0.96]); 92% (90 to 94%) and 92% (90 to 94%) 5 min before (area under the curve, 0.97 [0.97 to 0.98]).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>The results demonstrate that a machine-learning algorithm can be trained, with large data sets of high-fidelity arterial waveforms, to predict hypotension in surgical patients’ records.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":109},"Machine-learning Algorithm to Predict Hypotension Based on High-fidelity Arterial Pressure Waveform Analysis",{"VOID":111},"29894315",{"VOID":113},"10.1097\u002Faln.0000000000002300","PUBLICATION","VERIFIED","Auto Verify",[118],"EN","https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.asahq.org\u002Fanesthesiology\u002Farticle\u002F129\u002F4\u002F663\u002F19961\u002FMachine-learning-Algorithm-to-Predict-Hypotension",[121,155,184,213,245,273,303,333],{"id":122,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":123,"affiliations":124,"properties":150,"displayName":152,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"e665ac90-64b2-4cd3-bbc8-74c92f4b3808",[],[125,133,141],{"id":126,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":127,"properties":23},"736894ef-9c44-4435-b87d-9969c5bf88e7",{"id":126,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":128,"slug":23,"properties":129,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":132,"statistic":23},[],{"title":130},{"EN":131},"From Edwards Lifesciences Critical Care, Irvine, California (F.H., Z.J., S.B., C.L., J.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, School of Medicine (C.L., J.R., M.C.), Department of Computer Sciences (C.L.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.L., M.C.), University of California, Irving, California; and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David",[],{"id":134,"sortIndex":85,"affiliation":135,"properties":23},"108f6638-a2c1-450e-9c29-7139c8e631bb",{"id":134,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":136,"slug":23,"properties":137,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":140,"statistic":23},[],{"title":138},{"EN":139},"Submitted for publication July 25, 2017. 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Relationship between intraoperative hypotension, defined by either reduction from baseline or absolute thresholds, and acute kidney and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort analysis., Anesthesiology, 126, 47, 10.1097\u002FALN.0000000000001432",{"doi":425},"10.1097\u002FALN.0000000000001432",{"id":23,"text":427,"url":23,"identifiers":428},"2016, Association between intraoperative hypotension and myocardial injury after vascular surgery., Anesthesiology, 124, 35, 10.1097\u002FALN.0000000000000922",{"doi":429},"10.1097\u002FALN.0000000000000922",{"id":23,"text":431,"url":23,"identifiers":432},"2013, Relationship between intraoperative mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery: Toward an empirical definition of hypotension., Anesthesiology, 119, 507, 10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e3182a10e26",{"doi":433},"10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e3182a10e26",{"id":23,"text":435,"url":23,"identifiers":436},"1997, The impact of complications after vascular surgery in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers., J Surg Res, 67, 62, 10.1006\u002Fjsre.1996.4946",{"doi":437},"10.1006\u002Fjsre.1996.4946",{"id":23,"text":439,"url":23,"identifiers":440},"Vascular Events In Noncardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation Study I, 2012, Association between postoperative troponin levels and 30-day mortality among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery., JAMA, 307, 2295, 10.1001\u002Fjama.2012.5502",{"doi":441},"10.1001\u002Fjama.2012.5502",{"id":23,"text":443,"url":23,"identifiers":444},"2016, Early-phase cumulative hypotension duration and severe-stage progression in oliguric acute kidney injury with and without sepsis: An observational study., Crit Care, 20, 405, 10.1186\u002Fs13054-016-1564-2",{"doi":445},"10.1186\u002Fs13054-016-1564-2",{"id":23,"text":447,"url":23,"identifiers":448},"Medicine, 2003, NUa: New opportunities, new challenges: The changing nature of biomedical science, Enhancing the Vitality of the National Institutes of Health: Organizational Change to Meet New Challenges",{},{"id":23,"text":450,"url":23,"identifiers":451},"2007, A novel two-dimensional echocardiographic image analysis system using artificial intelligence-learned pattern recognition for rapid automated ejection fraction., J Am Coll Cardiol, 49, 217, 10.1016\u002Fj.jacc.2006.08.045",{"doi":452},"10.1016\u002Fj.jacc.2006.08.045",{"id":23,"text":454,"url":23,"identifiers":455},"2017, Prediction of 30-day all-cause readmissions in patients hospitalized for heart failure: Comparison of machine learning and other statistical approaches., JAMA Cardiol, 2, 204, 10.1001\u002Fjamacardio.2016.3956",{"doi":456},"10.1001\u002Fjamacardio.2016.3956",{"id":23,"text":458,"url":23,"identifiers":459},"2016, Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs., JAMA, 316, 2402, 10.1001\u002Fjama.2016.17216",{"doi":460},"10.1001\u002Fjama.2016.17216",{"id":23,"text":462,"url":23,"identifiers":463},"2011, Open-Access MIMIC-II Database for Intensive Care Research, 2011 Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (Embc), 8315",{},{"id":23,"text":465,"url":23,"identifiers":466},"2011, Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II: A public-access intensive care unit database., Crit Care Med, 39, 952, 10.1097\u002FCCM.0b013e31820a92c6",{"doi":467},"10.1097\u002FCCM.0b013e31820a92c6",{"id":23,"text":469,"url":23,"identifiers":470},"2017, Trends and challenges in clinical monitoring: Papers from the 2015 IAMPOV symposium., Anesth Analg, 124, 2, 10.1213\u002FANE.0000000000001495",{"doi":471},"10.1213\u002FANE.0000000000001495",{"id":23,"text":473,"url":23,"identifiers":474},"2014, “Off-label” use of clinical monitors: What happens when new physiologic understanding meets state-of-the-art technology., Anesth Analg, 119, 1241, 10.1213\u002FANE.0000000000000479",{"doi":475},"10.1213\u002FANE.0000000000000479",{"id":23,"text":477,"url":23,"identifiers":478},"PhysioNet and Computers in Cardiology Challenge: Predicting acute hypotensive episodes. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fphysionet.org\u002Fchallenge\u002F2009\u002F. Accessed November 7, 2017",{},{"id":23,"text":480,"url":23,"identifiers":481},"2014, Gleaning knowledge from data in the intensive care unit., Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 190, 606, 10.1164\u002Frccm.201404-0716CP",{"doi":482},"10.1164\u002Frccm.201404-0716CP",{"id":23,"text":484,"url":23,"identifiers":485},"2010, Complexity modeling: Identify instability early., Crit Care Med, 38, S649, 10.1097\u002FCCM.0b013e3181f24484",{"doi":486},"10.1097\u002FCCM.0b013e3181f24484",{"id":23,"text":488,"url":23,"identifiers":489},"2016, Using supervised machine learning to classify real alerts and artifact in online multisignal vital sign monitoring data., Crit Care Med, 44, e456, 10.1097\u002FCCM.0000000000001660",{"doi":490},"10.1097\u002FCCM.0000000000001660",{"id":23,"text":492,"url":23,"identifiers":493},"2013, Automatic identification of artifacts in monitoring critically ill patients., Intensive Care Med, 39, S470",{},{"id":23,"text":495,"url":23,"identifiers":496},"2017, Learning temporal rules to forecast instability in continuously monitored patients., J Am Med Inform Assoc, 24, 47, 10.1093\u002Fjamia\u002Focw048",{"doi":497},"10.1093\u002Fjamia\u002Focw048",{"id":23,"text":499,"url":23,"identifiers":500},"2013, Artifact patterns in continuous noninvasive monitoring of patients., Intensive Care Med, 39, S405",{},{"id":23,"text":502,"url":23,"identifiers":503},"2016, Guidelines for developing and reporting machine learning predictive models in biomedical research: A multidisciplinary view., J Med Internet Res, 18, e323, 10.2196\u002Fjmir.5870",{"doi":504},"10.2196\u002Fjmir.5870",{"id":23,"text":506,"url":23,"identifiers":507},"2013, Accessing the public MIMIC-II intensive care relational database for clinical research., BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 13, 9, 10.1186\u002F1472-6947-13-9",{"doi":508},"10.1186\u002F1472-6947-13-9",{"id":23,"text":510,"url":23,"identifiers":511},"PhysioNet: MIMIC II Waveform Database Matched Subset. Available at: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.physionet.org\u002Fphysiobank\u002Fdatabase\u002Fmimic2wdb\u002Fmatched\u002F. (Accessed November 7, 2017",{},{"id":23,"text":513,"url":23,"identifiers":514},"2000, PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: Components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals., Circulation, 101, E215",{},{"id":23,"text":516,"url":23,"identifiers":517},"2007, Calculating arterial pressure-based cardiac output using a novel measurement and analysis method., Biomed Instrum Technol, 41, 403, 10.2345\u002F0899-8205(2007)41[403:CAPCOU]2.0.CO;2",{"doi":518},"10.2345\u002F0899-8205(2007)41[403:CAPCOU]2.0.CO;2",{"id":23,"text":520,"url":23,"identifiers":521},"1984, The static elastic properties of 45 human thoracic and 20 abdominal aortas in vitro and the parameters of a new model., J Biomech, 17, 425, 10.1016\u002F0021-9290(84)90034-4",{"doi":522},"10.1016\u002F0021-9290(84)90034-4",{"id":23,"text":524,"url":23,"identifiers":525},"2009, The ability of stroke volume variations obtained with Vigileo\u002FFloTrac system to monitor fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients., Anesth Analg, 108, 513, 10.1213\u002Fane.0b013e318192a36b",{"doi":526},"10.1213\u002Fane.0b013e318192a36b",{"id":23,"text":528,"url":23,"identifiers":529},"2010, Statistical evaluation of a biomarker., Anesthesiology, 112, 1023, 10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e3181d47604",{"doi":530},"10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e3181d47604",{"id":23,"text":532,"url":23,"identifiers":533},"2017, Evaluating performance of early warning indices to predict physiological instabilities., J Biomed Inform, 75, 14, 10.1016\u002Fj.jbi.2017.09.008",{"doi":534},"10.1016\u002Fj.jbi.2017.09.008",{"id":23,"text":536,"url":23,"identifiers":537},"2013, Learning temporal rules to forecast instability in intensive care patients., Intensive Care Med, 39, S470",{},{"id":23,"text":539,"url":23,"identifiers":540},"2015, Temporal distribution of instability events in continuously monitored step-down unit patients: Implications for rapid response systems., Resuscitation, 89, 99, 10.1016\u002Fj.resuscitation.2015.01.015",{"doi":541},"10.1016\u002Fj.resuscitation.2015.01.015",{"id":23,"text":543,"url":23,"identifiers":544},"2011, Use of advanced machine-learning techniques for noninvasive monitoring of hemorrhage., J Trauma, 71, S25",{},{"id":23,"text":546,"url":23,"identifiers":547},"2013, Estimation of individual-specific progression to impending cardiovascular instability using arterial waveforms., J Appl Physiol (1985), 115, 1196, 10.1152\u002Fjapplphysiol.00668.2013",{"doi":548},"10.1152\u002Fjapplphysiol.00668.2013",{"id":23,"text":550,"url":23,"identifiers":551},"2014, Risk prediction for acute hypotensive patients by using gap constrained sequential contrast patterns., AMIA Annu Symp Proc, 2014, 1748",{},{"id":23,"text":553,"url":23,"identifiers":554},"2016, Hypotension risk prediction via sequential contrast patterns of ICU blood pressure., IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 20, 1416, 10.1109\u002FJBHI.2015.2453478",{"doi":555},"10.1109\u002FJBHI.2015.2453478",false,{"id":558,"createTime":559,"updateTime":560,"relativeEntities":561,"slug":562,"properties":563,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":578,"verifyNote":116,"languages":579,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":580,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":581,"publicationType":363,"publisherRelationship":716,"citationCount":767,"citationInfo":768,"publishDate":783,"publishYear":769,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":560,"indexDatabases":784,"openAccess":23,"references":785,"isForceReanalyzing":556},"3ffbed0e-6bf2-42ba-8020-07e7beb7e41b","2024-10-02T23:31:51.346+00:00","2025-07-20T06:18:45.737+00:00",[],"Ultrasound-Guidance-in-Caudal-Epidural-Needle-Placement",{"mag":564,"gsPaper":566,"openalex":568,"abstract":570,"title":572,"pm":574,"doi":576},{"VOID":565},"2145361048",{"VOID":567},"[\"2040340014216960969\"]",{"VOID":569},"W2145361048",{"EN":571},"\u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Background\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using ultrasound as an image tool to locate the sacral hiatus accurately for caudal epidural injections.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Between August 2002 and July 2003, 70 patients (39 male and 31 female patients) with low back pain and sciatica were studied. Soft tissue ultrasonography was performed to locate the sacral hiatus. A 21-gauge caudal epidural needle was inserted and guided by ultrasound to the sacral hiatus and into the caudal epidural space. Proper needle placement was confirmed by fluoroscopy.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>In all the recruited patients, the sacral hiatus was located accurately by ultrasound, and the caudal epidural needle was guided successfully to the sacral hiatus and into the caudal epidural space. There was 100% accuracy in caudal epidural needle placement into the caudal epidural space under ultrasound guidance as confirmed by contrast dye fluoroscopy.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Ultrasound is radiation free, is easy to use, and can provide real-time images in guiding the caudal epidural needle into the caudal epidural space. Ultrasound may therefore be used as an adjuvant tool in caudal needle placement.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":573},"Ultrasound Guidance in Caudal Epidural Needle Placement",{"VOID":575},"15220789",{"VOID":577},"10.1097\u002F00000542-200407000-00028","2024-10-02T23:31:51.345+00:00",[118],"https:\u002F\u002Fpubs.asahq.org\u002Fanesthesiology\u002Farticle\u002F101\u002F1\u002F181\u002F8579\u002FUltrasound-Guidance-in-Caudal-Epidural-Needle",[582,601,618,635,652,669,684,701],{"id":583,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":584,"affiliations":585,"properties":594,"displayName":598,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"5200800c-d051-4ebd-94b7-e1ada22cc8f8",[],[586],{"id":587,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":588,"properties":23},"6c460c5c-e9ce-48c2-ac12-7f079c1597eb",{"id":587,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":589,"slug":23,"properties":590,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":593,"statistic":23},[],{"title":591},{"EN":592},"Attending Physician.",[],{"orcid":595,"title":597,"openalex":599},{"VOID":596},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-8189-862X",{"EN":598},"Carl P.C. 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In practice, however, it is difficult to evaluate both warm and cold thresholds while maintaining constant cutaneous temperature. A recent study shows that vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds are a linear function of skin and core temperatures, with skin contributing 20 +\u002F- 6% and 19 +\u002F- 8%, respectively. (Skin temperature has long been known to contribute approximately 10% to the control of sweating). Using these relations, we were able to experimentally manipulate both skin and core temperatures, subsequently compensate for the changes in skin temperature, and finally report the results in terms of calculated core-temperature thresholds at a single-designated skin temperature.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Five volunteers were each studied on 4 days: (1) control; (2) a target blood propofol concentration of 2 micrograms\u002Fml; (3) a target concentration of 4 micrograms\u002Fml; and (4) a target concentration of 8 micrograms\u002Fml. On each day, we increased skin and core temperatures sufficiently to provoke sweating. Skin and core temperatures were subsequently reduced to elicit peripheral vasoconstriction and shivering. We mathematically compensated for changes in skin temperature by using the established linear cutaneous contributions to the control of sweating (10%) and to vasoconstriction and shivering (20%). From these calculated core-temperature thresholds (at a designated skin temperature of 35.7 degrees C), the propofol concentration-response curves for the sweating, vasoconstriction, and shivering thresholds were analyzed using linear regression. We validated this new method by comparing the concentration-dependent effects of propofol with those obtained previously with an established model.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>The concentration-response slopes for sweating and vasoconstriction were virtually identical to those reported previously. Propofol significantly decreased the core temperature triggering vasoconstriction (slope = -0.6 +\u002F- 0.1 degrees C.micrograms-1.ml-1; r2 = 0.98 +\u002F- 0.02) and shivering (slope = -0.7 +\u002F- 0.1 degrees C.micrograms -1.ml-1; r2 = 0.95 +\u002F- 0.05). In contrast, increasing the blood propofol concentration increased the sweating threshold only slightly (slope = 0.1 +\u002F- 0.1 degrees C.micrograms -1.ml-1; r2 = 0.46 +\u002F- 0.39).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Advantages of this new model include its being nearly noninvasive and requiring relatively little core-temperature manipulation. Propofol only slightly alters the sweating threshold, but markedly reduces the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Reductions in the shivering and vasoconstriction thresholds are similar; that is, the vasoconstriction-to-shivering range increases only slightly during anesthesia.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>","\u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Giới thiệu\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Nhiệt độ da nên được giữ ổn định khi xác định ngưỡng phản ứng vì cả nhiệt độ da và nhiệt độ lõi đều đóng góp vào việc kiểm soát điều hòa nhiệt. Tuy nhiên, trong thực tế, khó khăn trong việc đánh giá cả ngưỡng nóng và lạnh trong khi vẫn giữ nhiệt độ da không thay đổi. Một nghiên cứu gần đây cho thấy ngưỡng co mạch và run lắc là một hàm tuyến tính của nhiệt độ da và nhiệt độ lõi, với nhiệt độ da đóng góp 20 +\u002F- 6% và 19 +\u002F- 8%, tương ứng. (Nhiệt độ da đã được biết đến từ lâu là đóng góp khoảng 10% vào việc kiểm soát việc toát mồ hôi). Sử dụng các mối quan hệ này, chúng tôi đã tiến hành điều chỉnh thực nghiệm cả nhiệt độ da và nhiệt độ lõi, sau đó bù đắp cho những thay đổi trong nhiệt độ da, và cuối cùng báo cáo kết quả theo các ngưỡng nhiệt độ lõi được tính toán tại một nhiệt độ da quy định duy nhất.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Phương pháp\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Năm tình nguyện viên đã được nghiên cứu trong 4 ngày: (1) nhóm đối chứng; (2) nồng độ propofol mục tiêu trong máu là 2 microgam\u002Fml; (3) nồng độ mục tiêu là 4 microgam\u002Fml; và (4) nồng độ mục tiêu là 8 microgam\u002Fml. Vào mỗi ngày, chúng tôi đã tăng nhiệt độ da và nhiệt độ lõi đủ để gây ra việc toát mồ hôi. Sau đó, nhiệt độ da và nhiệt độ lõi được giảm xuống để kích thích co mạch ngoại vi và run lắc. Chúng tôi đã bù đắp toán học cho những thay đổi trong nhiệt độ da bằng cách sử dụng các đóng góp tuyến tính đã được thiết lập cho việc kiểm soát việc toát mồ hôi (10%) và cho co mạch và run lắc (20%). Từ những ngưỡng nhiệt độ lõi được tính toán này (tại một nhiệt độ da quy định là 35.7 độ C), các đường cong phản ứng nồng độ propofol cho ngưỡng toát mồ hôi, co mạch và run lắc đã được phân tích bằng cách sử dụng hồi quy tuyến tính. Chúng tôi đã xác thực phương pháp mới này bằng cách so sánh các tác động phụ thuộc vào nồng độ của propofol với các kết quả đã thu được trước đó với một mô hình đã được thiết lập.",{"EN":971,"VI":972},"Propofol Linearly Reduces the Vasoconstriction and Shivering Thresholds ","Propofol Làm Giảm Đường Ngưỡng Co Mạch và Run Lắc Một Cách Tuyến Tính",{"VOID":974},"7741292",{"VOID":976},"10.1097\u002F00000542-199505000-00012","Author affiliation is blank",[118],[980],"VI","https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.lww.com\u002F00000542-199505000-00012",[983,1002,1013,1032,1049,1058],{"id":984,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":985,"affiliations":986,"properties":995,"displayName":999,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"8e6aa95d-e6d1-4534-817d-6ca9d29df6bc",[],[987],{"id":988,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":989,"properties":23},"ca95d10d-6646-40f8-a518-f3fc43ca0986",{"id":988,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":990,"slug":23,"properties":991,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":994,"statistic":23},[],{"title":992},{"EN":993},"Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco.",[],{"orcid":996,"title":998,"openalex":1000},{"VOID":997},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-5307-5968",{"EN":999},"Takashi Matsukawa",{"VOID":1001},"A5100729074",{"id":1003,"sortIndex":85,"researcher":23,"roles":1004,"affiliations":1005,"properties":1006,"displayName":1010,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"bc8d3f29-ca8f-4fa3-a098-2f82d7fd63c2",[],[],{"orcid":1007,"title":1009,"openalex":1011},{"VOID":1008},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-5887-3099",{"EN":1010},"Andrea Kurz",{"VOID":1012},"A5068541699",{"id":1014,"sortIndex":143,"researcher":23,"roles":1015,"affiliations":1016,"properties":1025,"displayName":1029,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"9fb6fa43-dcec-4144-9071-e616ec51e2f2",[],[1017],{"id":1018,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":1019,"properties":23},"11a447aa-5fd2-41db-a9a1-139a976a7e85",{"id":1018,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":1020,"slug":23,"properties":1021,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":1024,"statistic":23},[],{"title":1022},{"EN":1023},"Associate Professor of Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco.",[],{"orcid":1026,"title":1028,"openalex":1030},{"VOID":1027},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9932-3077",{"EN":1029},"Daniel I. 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The aim of this individual patient data meta-analysis is to evaluate the individual associations between VT size and positive end–expiratory pressure (PEEP) level and occurrence of PPC.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Methods:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Randomized controlled trials comparing protective ventilation (low VT with or without high levels of PEEP) and conventional ventilation (high VT with low PEEP) in patients undergoing general surgery. The primary outcome was development of PPC. Predefined prognostic factors were tested using multivariate logistic regression.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Results:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included (2,127 patients). There were 97 cases of PPC in 1,118 patients (8.7%) assigned to protective ventilation and 148 cases in 1,009 patients (14.7%) assigned to conventional ventilation (adjusted relative risk, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.88; P < 0.01). There were 85 cases of PPC in 957 patients (8.9%) assigned to ventilation with low VT and high PEEP levels and 63 cases in 525 patients (12%) assigned to ventilation with low VT and low PEEP levels (adjusted relative risk, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.37; P = 0.72). A dose–response relationship was found between the appearance of PPC and VT size (R2 = 0.39) but not between the appearance of PPC and PEEP level (R2 = 0.08).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>These data support the beneficial effects of ventilation with use of low VT in patients undergoing surgery. 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Mortality after surgery in Europe: A 7 day cohort study., Lancet, 380, 1059, 10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(12)61148-9",{"doi":2366},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(12)61148-9",{"id":23,"text":2368,"url":23,"identifiers":2369},"2010, Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort., Anesthesiology, 113, 1338, 10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e3181fc6e0a",{"doi":2370},"10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e3181fc6e0a",{"id":23,"text":2372,"url":23,"identifiers":2373},"2012, Association between use of lung-protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes and clinical outcomes among patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: A meta-analysis., JAMA, 308, 1651, 10.1001\u002Fjama.2012.13730",{"doi":2374},"10.1001\u002Fjama.2012.13730",{"id":23,"text":2376,"url":23,"identifiers":2377},"2013, A trial of intraoperative low-tidal-volume ventilation in abdominal surgery., N Engl J Med, 369, 428, 10.1056\u002FNEJMoa1301082",{"doi":2378},"10.1056\u002FNEJMoa1301082",{"id":23,"text":2380,"url":23,"identifiers":2381},"2013, Protective mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery improves postoperative pulmonary function., Anesthesiology, 118, 1307, 10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e31829102de",{"doi":2382},"10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e31829102de",{"id":23,"text":2384,"url":23,"identifiers":2385},"The PROVE Network Investigators, 2014, Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressure during general anaesthesia for open abdominal surgery—The PROVHILO trial., Lancet, 384, 495, 10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(14)60416-5",{"doi":2386},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(14)60416-5",{"id":23,"text":2388,"url":23,"identifiers":2389},"2014, Low intraoperative tidal volume ventilation with minimal PEEP is associated with increased mortality., Br J Anaesth, 113, 97, 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10.1007\u002Fs00134-003-2104-5",{"doi":2402},"10.1007\u002Fs00134-003-2104-5",{"id":23,"text":2404,"url":23,"identifiers":2405},"2006, Protective ventilation influences systemic inflammation after esophagectomy: A randomized controlled study., Anesthesiology, 105, 911, 10.1097\u002F00000542-200611000-00011",{"doi":2406},"10.1097\u002F00000542-200611000-00011",{"id":23,"text":2408,"url":23,"identifiers":2409},"2007, Effect of low tidal volume ventilation on atelectasis in patients during general anesthesia: A computed tomographic scan., J Clin Anesth, 19, 125, 10.1016\u002Fj.jclinane.2006.08.008",{"doi":2410},"10.1016\u002Fj.jclinane.2006.08.008",{"id":23,"text":2412,"url":23,"identifiers":2413},"2011, Does a protective ventilation strategy reduce the risk of pulmonary complications after lung cancer surgery? A randomized controlled trial., Chest, 139, 530, 10.1378\u002Fchest.09-2293",{"doi":2414},"10.1378\u002Fchest.09-2293",{"id":23,"text":2416,"url":23,"identifiers":2417},"2012, Comparison between conventional and protective one-lung ventilation for ventilator-assisted thoracic surgery., Anaesth Intensive Care, 40, 780, 10.1177\u002F0310057X1204000505",{"doi":2418},"10.1177\u002F0310057X1204000505",{"id":23,"text":2420,"url":23,"identifiers":2421},"2004, The effects of different ventilatory settings on pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses during major surgery., Anesth Analg, 98, 775",{},{"id":23,"text":2423,"url":23,"identifiers":2424},"2005, Mechanical ventilation affects inflammatory mediators in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial., J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 130, 378, 10.1016\u002Fj.jtcvs.2004.11.061",{"doi":2425},"10.1016\u002Fj.jtcvs.2004.11.061",{"id":23,"text":2427,"url":23,"identifiers":2428},"2005, Ventilation according to the open lung concept attenuates pulmonary inflammatory response in cardiac surgery., Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 28, 889, 10.1016\u002Fj.ejcts.2005.10.007",{"doi":2429},"10.1016\u002Fj.ejcts.2005.10.007",{"id":23,"text":2431,"url":23,"identifiers":2432},"2005, The pulmonary immune effects of mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery., Anesth Analg, 101, 957, 10.1213\u002F01.ane.0000172112.02902.77",{"doi":2433},"10.1213\u002F01.ane.0000172112.02902.77",{"id":23,"text":2435,"url":23,"identifiers":2436},"2008, Mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes and positive end-expiratory pressure prevents pulmonary inflammation in patients without preexisting lung injury., Anesthesiology, 108, 46, 10.1097\u002F01.anes.0000296068.80921.10",{"doi":2437},"10.1097\u002F01.anes.0000296068.80921.10",{"id":23,"text":2439,"url":23,"identifiers":2440},"2008, [Effects of the lung protective ventilatory strategy on proinflammatory cytokine release during one-lung ventilation]., Ai Zheng, 27, 870",{},{"id":23,"text":2442,"url":23,"identifiers":2443},"2010, Comparison of two ventilatory strategies in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery., Br J Anaesth, 104, 16, 10.1093\u002Fbja\u002Faep319",{"doi":2444},"10.1093\u002Fbja\u002Faep319",{"id":23,"text":2446,"url":23,"identifiers":2447},"2011, Influence of low tidal volume ventilation on time to extubation in cardiac surgical patients., Anesthesiology, 114, 1102, 10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e318215e254",{"doi":2448},"10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e318215e254",{"id":23,"text":2450,"url":23,"identifiers":2451},"2012, Ventilation with low tidal volumes during upper abdominal surgery does not improve postoperative lung function., Br J Anaesth, 109, 263, 10.1093\u002Fbja\u002Faes140",{"doi":2452},"10.1093\u002Fbja\u002Faes140",{"id":23,"text":2454,"url":23,"identifiers":2455},"2012, The effect of low versus high tidal volume ventilation on inflammatory markers in healthy individuals undergoing posterior spine fusion in the prone position: A randomized controlled trial., J Clin Anesth, 24, 263, 10.1016\u002Fj.jclinane.2011.08.003",{"doi":2456},"10.1016\u002Fj.jclinane.2011.08.003",{"id":23,"text":2458,"url":23,"identifiers":2459},"2012, Alveolar recruitment improves ventilation during thoracic surgery: A randomized controlled trial., Br J Anaesth, 108, 517, 10.1093\u002Fbja\u002Faer415",{"doi":2460},"10.1093\u002Fbja\u002Faer415",{"id":23,"text":2462,"url":23,"identifiers":2463},"2013, A randomized comparison of different ventilator strategies during thoracotomy for pulmonary resection., J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 146, 38, 10.1016\u002Fj.jtcvs.2013.01.021",{"doi":2464},"10.1016\u002Fj.jtcvs.2013.01.021",{"id":23,"text":2466,"url":23,"identifiers":2467},"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, 2000, Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome., N Engl J Med, 342, 1301, 10.1056\u002FNEJM200005043421801",{"doi":2468},"10.1056\u002FNEJM200005043421801",{"id":23,"text":2470,"url":23,"identifiers":2471},"2013, Clinical outcomes of patients requiring ventilatory support in Brazilian intensive care units: A multicenter, prospective, cohort study., Crit Care, 17, R63, 10.1186\u002Fcc12594",{"doi":2472},"10.1186\u002Fcc12594",{"id":23,"text":2474,"url":23,"identifiers":2475},"2013, Evolution of mortality over time in patients receiving mechanical ventilation., Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 188, 220, 10.1164\u002Frccm.201212-2169OC",{"doi":2476},"10.1164\u002Frccm.201212-2169OC",{"id":23,"text":2478,"url":23,"identifiers":2479},"2009, Mechanical ventilation using non-injurious ventilation settings causes lung injury in the absence of pre-existing lung injury in healthy mice., Crit Care, 13, R1, 10.1186\u002Fcc7688",{"doi":2480},"10.1186\u002Fcc7688",{"id":23,"text":2482,"url":23,"identifiers":2483},"2013, The extent of ventilator-induced lung injury in mice partly depends on duration of mechanical ventilation., Crit Care Res Pract, 2013, 435236",{},{"id":23,"text":2485,"url":23,"identifiers":2486},"2013, Pulmonary vascular dysfunction induced by high tidal volume mechanical ventilation., Crit Care Med, 41, e149, 10.1097\u002FCCM.0b013e318287ef4a",{"doi":2487},"10.1097\u002FCCM.0b013e318287ef4a",{"id":23,"text":2489,"url":23,"identifiers":2490},"2004, Ventilator-associated lung injury in patients without acute lung injury at the onset of mechanical ventilation., Crit Care Med, 32, 1817, 10.1097\u002F01.CCM.0000133019.52531.30",{"doi":2491},"10.1097\u002F01.CCM.0000133019.52531.30",{"id":23,"text":2493,"url":23,"identifiers":2494},"2012, A multicentre observational study of intra-operative ventilatory management during general anaesthesia: Tidal volumes and relation to body weight., Anaesthesia, 67, 999, 10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2044.2012.07218.x",{"doi":2495},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2044.2012.07218.x",{"id":23,"text":2497,"url":23,"identifiers":2498},"2009, Intraoperative ventilator settings and acute lung injury after elective surgery: A nested case control study., Thorax, 64, 121, 10.1136\u002Fthx.2008.102228",{"doi":2499},"10.1136\u002Fthx.2008.102228",{"id":23,"text":2501,"url":23,"identifiers":2502},"2006, Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome., N Engl J Med, 354, 1775, 10.1056\u002FNEJMoa052052",{"doi":2503},"10.1056\u002FNEJMoa052052",{"id":23,"text":2505,"url":23,"identifiers":2506},"1994, Tidal ventilation at low airway pressures can augment lung injury., Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 149, 1327, 10.1164\u002Fajrccm.149.5.8173774",{"doi":2507},"10.1164\u002Fajrccm.149.5.8173774",{"id":23,"text":2509,"url":23,"identifiers":2510},"2010, Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis., JAMA, 303, 865, 10.1001\u002Fjama.2010.218",{"doi":2511},"10.1001\u002Fjama.2010.218",{"id":23,"text":2513,"url":23,"identifiers":2514},"1997, The hemodynamic consequences of mechanical ventilation: An evolving story., Intensive Care Med, 23, 493, 10.1007\u002Fs001340050364",{"doi":2515},"10.1007\u002Fs001340050364",{"id":23,"text":2517,"url":23,"identifiers":2518},"2014, Volutrauma, but not atelectrauma, induces systemic cytokine production by lung-marginated monocytes., Crit Care Med, 42, e49, 10.1097\u002FCCM.0b013e31829a822a",{"doi":2519},"10.1097\u002FCCM.0b013e31829a822a",{"id":23,"text":2521,"url":23,"identifiers":2522},"2013, Protect the lungs during abdominal surgery: It may change the postoperative outcome., Anesthesiology, 118, 1254, 10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e3182910309",{"doi":2523},"10.1097\u002FALN.0b013e3182910309",{"id":2525,"createTime":2526,"updateTime":2526,"relativeEntities":2527,"slug":2528,"properties":2529,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":2526,"verifyNote":977,"languages":2542,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":2543,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":2544,"publicationType":363,"publisherRelationship":2624,"citationCount":2674,"citationInfo":2675,"publishDate":2678,"publishYear":2676,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":2679,"openAccess":23,"references":2680,"isForceReanalyzing":556},"f25ddc2d-aea4-4744-afcb-e72e3926d631","2025-02-10T09:47:58.702+00:00",[],"Internal-Jugular-Vein-and-Carotid-Artery-Anatomic-Relation-as-Determined-by-Ultrasonography",{"openalex":2530,"mag":2532,"abstract":2534,"title":2536,"pm":2538,"doi":2540},{"VOID":2531},"W1966566418",{"VOID":2533},"1966566418",{"EN":2535},"\u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Background\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Cannulation of the internal jugular vein (IJV) is associated with a 95% success rate when external landmarks are used. Anatomic variability has been implicated as the cause for difficulty in cannulation without ultrasound. In contrast to an IJV located lateral to the carotid artery (CA), an IJV overlying the CA may result in CA puncture. The authors' purpose in this study was to examine, using ultrasound, the anatomic relation of the IJV and CA as viewed from the perspective of a cannulating needle.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Ultrasound imaging was used in 1,136 patients to examine the relation between the IJV and CA. A 7.5-MHz transducer was placed in the direction of a cannulating needle on the right neck at the apex of the angle formed by the division of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A Polaroid photograph of the image was later scored by three blinded investigators according to the percentage of the CA overlaid by the IJV (0 to 4).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Of the 1,136 Polaroid photographs of the ultrasound images, 1,009 were suitable for scoring. Fifty-four percent of all patients received a score of 4, which indicated that the IJV overlies more than 75% of the CA in an imaging plane positioned in the direction of a cannulating needle. Patients older than 60 yr were more likely to have this anatomy than patients younger than 60 yr (P < 0.05). None of the other patient characteristics recorded were predictive of this anatomic relation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>In a majority of patients, the IJV is not lateral to the CA in an ultrasound imaging plane positioned in the direction of a cannulating needle. Instead, the IJV overlies the CA in 54% of patients overall, predisposing these patients to CA puncture if the cannulating needle traverses the IJV.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2537},"Internal Jugular Vein and Carotid Artery Anatomic Relation as Determined by Ultrasonography",{"VOID":2539},"8694381",{"VOID":2541},"10.1097\u002F00000542-199607000-00007",[118],"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.lww.com\u002F10.1097\u002F00000542-199607000-00007",[2545,2572,2589,2598,2607],{"id":2546,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":2547,"affiliations":2548,"properties":2565,"displayName":2569,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"67f20e32-b1fc-4a0b-8dc4-be8a9c756067",[],[2549,2557],{"id":2550,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2551,"properties":23},"dd80ff01-a914-4cad-863d-a8c08e98abdc",{"id":2550,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2552,"slug":23,"properties":2553,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2556,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2554},{"EN":2555},"Director, Intraoperative Transesophageal echocardiography.",[],{"id":2558,"sortIndex":85,"affiliation":2559,"properties":23},"2cf8cbbc-88e7-468b-8d9d-85755d622ae6",{"id":2558,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2560,"slug":23,"properties":2561,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2564,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2562},{"EN":2563},"Vice Chairman for Research",[],{"orcid":2566,"title":2568,"openalex":2570},{"VOID":2567},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-1855-4645",{"EN":2569},"Christopher A. Troianos",{"VOID":2571},"A5004651758",{"id":2573,"sortIndex":85,"researcher":23,"roles":2574,"affiliations":2575,"properties":2584,"displayName":2586,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"3da87e3c-8483-4bd9-889f-43870bf96f07",[],[2576],{"id":2577,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2578,"properties":23},"8643ad86-1994-4d4b-bbc2-792a520036a1",{"id":2577,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2579,"slug":23,"properties":2580,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2583,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2581},{"EN":2582},"Staff Anesthesiologist.",[],{"title":2585,"openalex":2587},{"EN":2586},"Richard J. Kuwik",{"VOID":2588},"A5046613235",{"id":2590,"sortIndex":143,"researcher":23,"roles":2591,"affiliations":2592,"properties":2593,"displayName":2595,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"77ccc36f-c7db-4757-8b97-b06b203dc6a7",[],[],{"title":2594,"openalex":2596},{"EN":2595},"J Pasqual",{"VOID":2597},"A5015530904",{"id":2599,"sortIndex":215,"researcher":23,"roles":2600,"affiliations":2601,"properties":2602,"displayName":2604,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"6bd9b841-c127-4223-b103-858197ab426b",[],[],{"title":2603,"openalex":2605},{"EN":2604},"Alexander J. Lim",{"VOID":2606},"A5010755881",{"id":2608,"sortIndex":247,"researcher":23,"roles":2609,"affiliations":2610,"properties":2619,"displayName":2621,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"2c287bae-2c26-48c8-96e6-cb355a7aa5e1",[],[2611],{"id":2612,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2613,"properties":23},"d1a8e7a1-fffb-469d-beae-583b640a5795",{"id":2612,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2614,"slug":23,"properties":2615,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2618,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2616},{"EN":2617},"Anesthesiology Resident.",[],{"title":2620,"openalex":2622},{"EN":2621},"David P. Odasso",{"VOID":2623},"A5090323384",{"url":23,"publisher":2625,"properties":2668},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":2626,"slug":10,"properties":2627,"entityType":21,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"subjectFields":2632,"manageAffiliations":2637,"indexDatabases":2648,"url":82,"thumbnailPath":23,"statistic":2663,"gsStatistic":23,"type":23,"analyzePriority":23},[],{"country":2628,"eissn":2629,"issn":2630,"title":2631},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":10},[2633],{"id":27,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2634,"label":2635,"description":2636,"parentId":23,"standard":23,"scholarHubFieldId":23},[],{"EN":30},{},[2638,2643],{"id":34,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2639,"slug":23,"properties":2640,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2642,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2641},{"EN":38},[],{"id":41,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2644,"slug":23,"properties":2645,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2647,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2646},{"EN":45},[],[2649,2656],{"id":49,"indexDatabase":2650,"url":60,"indexYears":61,"academicFieldIds":2655,"indexDatabaseRanking":64},{"id":51,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2651,"label":2652,"description":2653,"key":57,"publicationTags":2654,"standard":23},[],{"EN":54,"VI":54},{"EN":54,"VI":56},[59],[63],{"id":66,"indexDatabase":2657,"url":79,"indexYears":23,"academicFieldIds":2662,"indexDatabaseRanking":23},{"id":68,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2658,"label":2659,"description":2660,"key":75,"publicationTags":2661,"standard":23},[],{"EN":71,"VI":71},{"EN":73,"VI":74},[77,78],[81],{"impactFactor":24,"impactFactorByYear":2664,"i10Index":24,"i10IndexLast5Year":24,"totalPublication":85,"totalPublicationByYear":2665,"totalCitation":24,"totalCitationByYear":2666,"totalCitationPerPublication":24,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":2667,"hindexLast5Year":24,"hindex":24},{},{"2005":85},{},{},{"issue":2669,"pages":2670,"volume":2672},{"VOID":762},{"VOID":2671},"43-48",{"VOID":2673},"85",225,{"total":2674,"publishYear":2676,"statisticByYear":2677},1996,{"2012":773,"2013":781,"2014":771,"2015":774,"2016":1498,"2017":335,"2018":1123,"2019":771,"2020":335,"2021":275,"2022":85,"2023":143,"2024":85},"1996-07-01",[77,64],[],{"id":2682,"createTime":2683,"updateTime":2683,"relativeEntities":2684,"slug":2685,"properties":2686,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":2683,"verifyNote":116,"languages":2699,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":2700,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":2701,"publicationType":363,"publisherRelationship":2757,"citationCount":2807,"citationInfo":2808,"publishDate":2811,"publishYear":2809,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":2812,"openAccess":23,"references":2813,"isForceReanalyzing":556},"594579c2-ae88-4aeb-93fe-e50f5cb52b58","2025-02-10T06:34:34.967+00:00",[],"Intrathecal-%CE%B12-Adrenergic-Agonists-Stimulate-Acetylcholine-and-Norepinephrine-Release-from-the-Spinal-Cord-Dorsal-Horn-in-Sheep-",{"openalex":2687,"mag":2689,"abstract":2691,"title":2693,"pm":2695,"doi":2697},{"VOID":2688},"W2058863436",{"VOID":2690},"2058863436",{"EN":2692},"\u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Background\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Intrathecal injection of clonidine and dexmedetomidine produce behavioral analgesia by an alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism. Functional and anatomic studies suggest that this analgesia is mediated by cholinergic activation. This hypothesis was directly tested by measuring extracellular acetylcholine concentrations in spinal cord interstitial fluid by means of microdialysis after intrathecal injection of these alpha 2-adrenergic agonists in sheep.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Twelve sheep with chronically implanted thoracic intrathecal catheters were anesthetized with halothane. Multiple 200-micron-diameter dialysis fibers were inserted surgically at a mid-thoracic level through the dorsal horn and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. After baseline sampling, either clonidine (100 micrograms), dexmedetomidine (100 micrograms), or saline were injected intrathecally. Microdialysis samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for acetylcholine and norepinephrine.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Both alpha 2-adrenergic agonists increased acetylcholine in microdialysate, whereas intrathecal saline had no effect. Analysis of the raw data showed that all groups differed significantly, with greater levels of acetylcholine following administration of dexmedetomidine than clonidine or saline. Unexpectedly, intrathecal clonidine also increased microdialysate norepinephrine levels.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>These data are consistent with previous experiments measuring acetylcholine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and support analgesia from alpha 2-adrenergic agonists mediated in part by cholinergic activation. In addition, the increase in norepinephrine concentrations after intrathecal administration of clonidine suggest stimulation of norepinephrine release by this agent.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2694},"Intrathecal α2-Adrenergic Agonists Stimulate Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine Release from the Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn in Sheep ",{"VOID":2696},"9232141",{"VOID":2698},"10.1097\u002F00000542-199707000-00015",[118],"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.lww.com\u002F10.1097\u002F00000542-199707000-00015",[2702,2719,2738],{"id":2703,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":2704,"affiliations":2705,"properties":2714,"displayName":2716,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"0e3324d8-94df-4ed6-853d-47283f820a02",[],[2706],{"id":2707,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2708,"properties":23},"66e2c538-03f4-4958-a289-84126d3a5bcf",{"id":2707,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2709,"slug":23,"properties":2710,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2713,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2711},{"EN":2712},"Research Fellow, Department of Anesthesia, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.",[],{"title":2715,"openalex":2717},{"EN":2716},"Walter Klimscha",{"VOID":2718},"A5090940061",{"id":2720,"sortIndex":85,"researcher":23,"roles":2721,"affiliations":2722,"properties":2731,"displayName":2735,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"b265af3b-c59b-45ce-b3ac-dbf19b23949b",[],[2723],{"id":2724,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2725,"properties":23},"f11aad79-81e9-41c0-9b16-699439f21196",{"id":2724,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2726,"slug":23,"properties":2727,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2730,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2728},{"EN":2729},"Research Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Bowman Gray School of Medicine.",[],{"orcid":2732,"title":2734,"openalex":2736},{"VOID":2733},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0009-0008-3996-417X",{"EN":2735},"C. Tong",{"VOID":2737},"A5063170431",{"id":2739,"sortIndex":143,"researcher":23,"roles":2740,"affiliations":2741,"properties":2750,"displayName":2754,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"368fc51c-4144-4801-b339-5e86264f2177",[],[2742],{"id":2743,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2744,"properties":23},"3a62c97b-64c7-4f1e-a1cc-3818b72c59eb",{"id":2743,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2745,"slug":23,"properties":2746,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2749,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2747},{"EN":2748},"Professor and Chair for Anesthesia Research, Bowman Gray School of Medicine.",[],{"orcid":2751,"title":2753,"openalex":2755},{"VOID":2752},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-9841-0176",{"EN":2754},"James C. Eisenach",{"VOID":2756},"A5047395838",{"url":23,"publisher":2758,"properties":2801},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":2759,"slug":10,"properties":2760,"entityType":21,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"subjectFields":2765,"manageAffiliations":2770,"indexDatabases":2781,"url":82,"thumbnailPath":23,"statistic":2796,"gsStatistic":23,"type":23,"analyzePriority":23},[],{"country":2761,"eissn":2762,"issn":2763,"title":2764},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":10},[2766],{"id":27,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2767,"label":2768,"description":2769,"parentId":23,"standard":23,"scholarHubFieldId":23},[],{"EN":30},{},[2771,2776],{"id":34,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2772,"slug":23,"properties":2773,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2775,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2774},{"EN":38},[],{"id":41,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2777,"slug":23,"properties":2778,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2780,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2779},{"EN":45},[],[2782,2789],{"id":49,"indexDatabase":2783,"url":60,"indexYears":61,"academicFieldIds":2788,"indexDatabaseRanking":64},{"id":51,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2784,"label":2785,"description":2786,"key":57,"publicationTags":2787,"standard":23},[],{"EN":54,"VI":54},{"EN":54,"VI":56},[59],[63],{"id":66,"indexDatabase":2790,"url":79,"indexYears":23,"academicFieldIds":2795,"indexDatabaseRanking":23},{"id":68,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2791,"label":2792,"description":2793,"key":75,"publicationTags":2794,"standard":23},[],{"EN":71,"VI":71},{"EN":73,"VI":74},[77,78],[81],{"impactFactor":24,"impactFactorByYear":2797,"i10Index":24,"i10IndexLast5Year":24,"totalPublication":85,"totalPublicationByYear":2798,"totalCitation":24,"totalCitationByYear":2799,"totalCitationPerPublication":24,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":2800,"hindexLast5Year":24,"hindex":24},{},{"2005":85},{},{},{"issue":2802,"pages":2803,"volume":2805},{"VOID":762},{"VOID":2804},"110-116",{"VOID":2806},"87",105,{"total":2807,"publishYear":2809,"statisticByYear":2810},1997,{"2012":215,"2013":215,"2014":85,"2015":215,"2016":143,"2017":85,"2018":85,"2020":143,"2021":85},"1997-07-01",[77,64],[],{"id":2815,"createTime":2816,"updateTime":2816,"relativeEntities":2817,"slug":2818,"properties":2819,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":2816,"verifyNote":977,"languages":2832,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":2833,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":2834,"publicationType":363,"publisherRelationship":2915,"citationCount":2965,"citationInfo":2966,"publishDate":2968,"publishYear":2676,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":2969,"openAccess":23,"references":2970,"isForceReanalyzing":556},"e9fc666b-3cf2-4c8f-baff-ffe9845658fa","2025-02-10T06:34:34.885+00:00",[],"Intravenous-Opioids-Stimulate-Norepinephrine-and-Acetylcholine-Release-in-Spinal-Cord-Dorsal-Horn",{"openalex":2820,"mag":2822,"abstract":2824,"title":2826,"pm":2828,"doi":2830},{"VOID":2821},"W2054048025",{"VOID":2823},"2054048025",{"EN":2825},"\u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Background\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Opioids produce analgesia by direct effects as well as by activating neural pathways that release nonopioid transmitters. This study tested whether systematically administered opioids activate descending spinal noradrenergic and cholinergic pathways.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>The effect of intravenous morphine on cerebrospinal fluid and dorsal horn microdialysate concentrations of norepinephrine and acetylcholine was examined in 20 sheep. Animals received either intravenous morphine or fentanyl alone, or morphine plus intravenous naloxone or intrathecal idazoxan.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Intravenous morphine (0, 0.5, 1 mg\u002Fkg, intravenous) produced dose-dependent increases in cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine and acetylcholine, but not epinephrine or dopamine. Morphine's effect was blocked by intravenous naloxone and by intrathecal idazoxan. In microdialysis experiments, intravenous morphine increased the concentration of norepinephrine and acetylcholine, but not epinephrine or dopamine, in the dorsal horn. In contrast, intravenous morphine exerted no effect on any of these monoamines in the ventral horn. Intravenous naloxone and cervical cord transection each blocked morphine's effect on dorsal horn norepinephrine.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>These results support functional studies that indicate that systematically administered opioids cause spinal norepinephrine and acetylcholine release by a naloxone-sensitive mechanism. Idazoxan blockade of morphine's effects on cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine was unexpected, and suggests that both norepinephrine and acetylcholine release in the spinal cord may be regulated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Microdialysis experiments suggest increased norepinephrine and acetylcholine levels in cerebrospinal fluid resulted from intravenous morphine-induced activation of bulbospinal pathways.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2827},"Intravenous Opioids Stimulate Norepinephrine and Acetylcholine Release in Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn",{"VOID":2829},"8572328",{"VOID":2831},"10.1097\u002F00000542-199601000-00017",[118],"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.lww.com\u002F10.1097\u002F00000542-199601000-00017",[2835,2854,2871,2882,2899],{"id":2836,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":2837,"affiliations":2838,"properties":2847,"displayName":2851,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"add61822-73ce-40cf-b4da-5db18478f9ad",[],[2839],{"id":2840,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2841,"properties":23},"fa3d7935-4e29-44a1-b26a-4d37b37a5045",{"id":2840,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2842,"slug":23,"properties":2843,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2846,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2844},{"EN":2845},"Visiting Scholar to the Department of Anesthesia.",[],{"orcid":2848,"title":2850,"openalex":2852},{"VOID":2849},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2791-7938",{"EN":2851},"H. Bouaziz",{"VOID":2853},"A5034817587",{"id":2855,"sortIndex":85,"researcher":23,"roles":2856,"affiliations":2857,"properties":2866,"displayName":2868,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"2137fd10-a289-48e9-bbfb-bc8777310d20",[],[2858],{"id":2859,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2860,"properties":23},"20ad144c-961a-4680-9f24-0d95429de04b",{"id":2859,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2861,"slug":23,"properties":2862,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2865,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2863},{"EN":2864},"Research Assistant Professor of Anesthesia.",[],{"title":2867,"openalex":2869},{"EN":2868},"Chuanyao Tong",{"VOID":2870},"A5111679490",{"id":2872,"sortIndex":143,"researcher":23,"roles":2873,"affiliations":2874,"properties":2875,"displayName":2879,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"f0980eb9-38a9-408f-8923-e76bbf5f965a",[],[],{"orcid":2876,"title":2878,"openalex":2880},{"VOID":2877},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-5701-6204",{"EN":2879},"Young Wook Yoon",{"VOID":2881},"A5091240626",{"id":2883,"sortIndex":215,"researcher":23,"roles":2884,"affiliations":2885,"properties":2894,"displayName":2896,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"fba49858-d061-4cb7-b326-f53694fbd67b",[],[2886],{"id":2887,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2888,"properties":23},"1dcd157e-d639-4661-a8d7-7fd1c146689c",{"id":2887,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2889,"slug":23,"properties":2890,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2893,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2891},{"VI":2892},"Associate Professor of Anesthesia",[],{"title":2895,"openalex":2897},{"EN":2896},"David D. Hood",{"VOID":2898},"A5042369409",{"id":2900,"sortIndex":247,"researcher":23,"roles":2901,"affiliations":2902,"properties":2911,"displayName":2754,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"a4d0e8b2-ecc3-4977-a2c4-24675b550508",[],[2903],{"id":2904,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2905,"properties":23},"79843704-b209-42cd-a7d7-91f79cee3fb3",{"id":2904,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2906,"slug":23,"properties":2907,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2910,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2908},{"EN":2909},"Professor of Anesthesia.",[],{"orcid":2912,"title":2913,"openalex":2914},{"VOID":2752},{"EN":2754},{"VOID":2756},{"url":23,"publisher":2916,"properties":2959},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":2917,"slug":10,"properties":2918,"entityType":21,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"subjectFields":2923,"manageAffiliations":2928,"indexDatabases":2939,"url":82,"thumbnailPath":23,"statistic":2954,"gsStatistic":23,"type":23,"analyzePriority":23},[],{"country":2919,"eissn":2920,"issn":2921,"title":2922},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},{"VOID":17},{"EN":10},[2924],{"id":27,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2925,"label":2926,"description":2927,"parentId":23,"standard":23,"scholarHubFieldId":23},[],{"EN":30},{},[2929,2934],{"id":34,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2930,"slug":23,"properties":2931,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2933,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2932},{"EN":38},[],{"id":41,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2935,"slug":23,"properties":2936,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":2938,"statistic":23},[],{"title":2937},{"EN":45},[],[2940,2947],{"id":49,"indexDatabase":2941,"url":60,"indexYears":61,"academicFieldIds":2946,"indexDatabaseRanking":64},{"id":51,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2942,"label":2943,"description":2944,"key":57,"publicationTags":2945,"standard":23},[],{"EN":54,"VI":54},{"EN":54,"VI":56},[59],[63],{"id":66,"indexDatabase":2948,"url":79,"indexYears":23,"academicFieldIds":2953,"indexDatabaseRanking":23},{"id":68,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2949,"label":2950,"description":2951,"key":75,"publicationTags":2952,"standard":23},[],{"EN":71,"VI":71},{"EN":73,"VI":74},[77,78],[81],{"impactFactor":24,"impactFactorByYear":2955,"i10Index":24,"i10IndexLast5Year":24,"totalPublication":85,"totalPublicationByYear":2956,"totalCitation":24,"totalCitationByYear":2957,"totalCitationPerPublication":24,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":2958,"hindexLast5Year":24,"hindex":24},{},{"2005":85},{},{},{"issue":2960,"pages":2961,"volume":2963},{"VOID":762},{"VOID":2962},"143-154",{"VOID":2964},"84",102,{"total":2965,"publishYear":2676,"statisticByYear":2967},{"2012":215,"2013":143,"2014":215,"2015":143,"2016":215,"2018":85,"2019":85,"2020":143,"2021":85,"2022":143},"1996-01-01",[77,64],[],{"id":2972,"createTime":2973,"updateTime":2973,"relativeEntities":2974,"slug":2975,"properties":2976,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":22,"verifyTime":2973,"verifyNote":977,"languages":2989,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":24,"primaryUrl":2990,"fullTextUrl":23,"authors":2991,"publicationType":363,"publisherRelationship":3085,"citationCount":2100,"citationInfo":3134,"publishDate":3136,"publishYear":2676,"citationAnalyzeStatus":22,"lastCitationAnalyze":23,"indexDatabases":3137,"openAccess":23,"references":3138,"isForceReanalyzing":556},"36766726-5280-4125-9f7f-d9f8a7c4b2b3","2025-02-10T06:34:32.405+00:00",[],"Location-and-Characteristics-of-Nitric-Oxide-Synthase-in-Sheep-Spinal-Cord-and-Its-Interaction-with-%CE%B12-Adrenergic-and-Cholinergic-Antinociception",{"openalex":2977,"mag":2979,"abstract":2981,"title":2983,"pm":2985,"doi":2987},{"VOID":2978},"W2161722689",{"VOID":2980},"2161722689",{"EN":2982},"\u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Background\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Nitric oxide synthase is located in the spinal cord dorsal horn and intermediolateral cell column, where it may modulate sensory and sympathetic neuronal activity. However, the biochemical characteristics of this enzyme have not been examined in these different areas in the spinal cord. Although alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists, muscarinic agonists, and nitric oxide may interact in the spinal cord to produce antinociception, these interactions have not been characterized.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Sheep spinal cord tissue was homogenized ad centrifuged at high sped to separate soluble and membrane-bound fractions. Nitric oxide synthase activity was determined by conversion of [(14)C]-L-arginine to [(14)C]-L-citrulline and its kinetic characteristics, dependency on cofactors, and sensitivity to inhibitors determined. Sheep spinal cord was stained for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase as a marker for nitric oxide synthase. Antinociception to a mechanical stimulus from intrathecal clonidine alone and with neostigmine was determined and the effects of L-arginine and n-methyl-L-arginine were determined.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>More than 85% of nitric oxide synthase activity was present in the soluble form and its kinetic, cofactor, and antagonist properties were similar to those of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase. Biochemical and histochemical studies localized nitric oxide synthase to the superficial dorsal horn and the intermediolateral cell column. Clonidine antinociception was enhanced by L-arginine and neostigmine, but not by D-arginine. Neostigmine's enhancement of clonidine antinociception was blocked by n-methyl-L-arginine.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>These results confirm those of previous studies demonstrating localization of nitric oxide synthase to superficial dorsal horn and intermediolateral cell column of mammalian spinal cord, and suggesting its identity as the neuronal isoform. Spinal alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist antinociception may be partly dependent on cholinergic and nitric oxide mechanisms.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":2984},"Location and Characteristics of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Sheep Spinal Cord and Its Interaction with α2-Adrenergic and Cholinergic Antinociception",{"VOID":2986},"8638844",{"VOID":2988},"10.1097\u002F00000542-199604000-00017",[118],"https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.lww.com\u002F10.1097\u002F00000542-199604000-00017",[2992,3009,3020,3035,3052,3069],{"id":2993,"sortIndex":24,"researcher":23,"roles":2994,"affiliations":2995,"properties":3004,"displayName":3006,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"223feb12-508b-4460-acba-e84daa2114d5",[],[2996],{"id":2997,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":2998,"properties":23},"623a4aab-1ddd-4c9a-accb-f57c11a69df7",{"id":2997,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":2999,"slug":23,"properties":3000,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":3003,"statistic":23},[],{"title":3001},{"EN":3002},"Perinatal Research Laboratories, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.",[],{"title":3005,"openalex":3007},{"EN":3006},"Zemin Xu",{"VOID":3008},"A5112754067",{"id":3010,"sortIndex":85,"researcher":23,"roles":3011,"affiliations":3012,"properties":3013,"displayName":3017,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"b8a88e73-e108-4ad4-a25b-8fd3f08f3f39",[],[],{"orcid":3014,"title":3016,"openalex":3018},{"VOID":3015},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4492-4825",{"EN":3017},"Ping Li",{"VOID":3019},"A5100435517",{"id":3021,"sortIndex":143,"researcher":23,"roles":3022,"affiliations":3023,"properties":3032,"displayName":2868,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"b7fa0b18-8b44-41ba-9b5e-3a6df8a24f0b",[],[3024],{"id":3025,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":3026,"properties":23},"3e541222-a852-4ba4-9004-ddace73c3315",{"id":3025,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":3027,"slug":23,"properties":3028,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":3031,"statistic":23},[],{"title":3029},{"EN":3030},"Research Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia.",[],{"title":3033,"openalex":3034},{"EN":2868},{"VOID":2870},{"id":3036,"sortIndex":215,"researcher":23,"roles":3037,"affiliations":3038,"properties":3047,"displayName":3049,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"b9c84d50-07b2-4ab3-a2e8-f32f6215b755",[],[3039],{"id":3040,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":3041,"properties":23},"399a698f-8477-49ba-bd8e-73061fc8b2f8",{"id":3040,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":3042,"slug":23,"properties":3043,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":3046,"statistic":23},[],{"title":3044},{"EN":3045},"Associate Professor, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology and Pharmacology.",[],{"title":3048,"openalex":3050},{"EN":3049},"Jorge Figueroa",{"VOID":3051},"A5108428037",{"id":3053,"sortIndex":247,"researcher":23,"roles":3054,"affiliations":3055,"properties":3064,"displayName":3066,"givenName":23,"familyName":23},"9522d557-80f6-4970-9681-4400dccca516",[],[3056],{"id":3057,"sortIndex":24,"affiliation":3058,"properties":23},"d5b9a969-42d6-4152-b240-8df14a60580e",{"id":3057,"createTime":23,"updateTime":23,"relativeEntities":3059,"slug":23,"properties":3060,"entityType":23,"verifyStatus":23,"verifyTime":23,"verifyNote":23,"languages":23,"translateLanguages":23,"viewCount":23,"url":23,"parentIds":3063,"statistic":23},[],{"title":3061},{"EN":3062},"Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesia.",[],{"title":3065,"openalex":3067},{"EN":3066},"Joseph R. 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Conversely, intrathecal administration of neostigmine increases blood pressure by enhancing the accumulation of acetylcholine in the spinal cord. The current study examined directly the interaction of intrathecal injection of bupivacaine and neostigmine on splanchnic sympathetic efferent nerve activity.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Experiments were performed in rats with intrathecal catheters implanted for the long-term. Rats were anesthetized with ketamine (40 mg\u002Fkg, intramuscularly) and alpha-chloralose (60 mg\u002Fkg, intraperitoneally). The skin incision sites were infiltrated with 1% lidocaine. Sympathetic efferent activity was recorded from the left greater splanchnic nerve. Sympathetic nerve activity was measured continuously before and after intrathecal injection of saline, 430 nmol (140 microg) of bupivacaine, 25 nmol (7.6 microg) of neostigmine, and a combination of bupivacaine and neostigmine all in volumes of 5 microl. Each group consisted of six animals.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>Compared with baseline nerve activity, intrathecal injection of neostigmine increased splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity significantly by (mean +\u002F- SEM) 112 +\u002F- 29% after an onset latency of 6.8 +\u002F- 0.9 min. In contrast, bupivacaine decreased splanchnic nerve activity significantly (-65 +\u002F- 13%) after a latency of 3.3 +\u002F- 0.5 min after intrathecal administration. Similar to the effect of saline, intrathecal coadministration of bupivacaine and neostigmine did not alter the splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity significantly.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n          \u003Cjats:sec>\n            \u003Cjats:title>Conclusions\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n            \u003Cjats:p>The current study provides electrophysiologic evidence that intrathecal injection of neostigmine increases whereas bupivacaine decreases sympathetic nerve activity. Further, addition of neostigmine effectively counteracts the inhibitory effect of spinal bupivacaine on the sympathetic nerve activity.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n          \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":3152},"Effects of Intrathecal Neostigmine, Bupivacaine, and Their Combination on Sympathetic Nerve Activity in 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