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ss":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":333},"3487a43c-3349-42bb-9115-4bdb5dba58e0","2023-11-13T23:23:54.290+00:00","2026-09-07T11:17:24.103+00:00",[],"Alpha-calcium-calmodulin-dependent-protein-kinase-II-immunoreactivity-in-corticospinal-neurons-combination-of-axonal-transport-method-and-immunofluorescence",{"abstract":249,"title":251,"references":254,"doi":256},{"EN":250},"A combination of either retrograde or anterograde fluorescent tracer and immunofluorescence histochemistry using the monoclonal antibody specific for the alpha isoform of calcium\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase IIα) was employed to test whether CaM kinase IIα is expressed in somata of corticospinal neurons and their axons over their whole course. After the injection of carbocyanine dye DiI into the hindlimb area of the primary motor cortex of the rat, corticospinal axons and their terminal arbors were anterogradely labeled: DiI-labeled corticospinal fibers proceeded caudally in the ipsilateral internal capsule, cerebral peduncle and medullary pyramid, crossed at the pyramidal decussation and descended in the ventralmost area of the contralateral dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord. These DiI-labeled corticospinal axons expressed strong CaM kinase IIα immunoreactivity along their course. However, their terminal arbors within the gray matter of the lumbar cord were very weakly immunostained. With the injection of Fast Blue into the lumbar enlargement of the rat, somata of corticospinal neurons in layer V of the motor cortex were retrogradely labeled. The subsequent immunofluorescent histochemistry revealed that more than 80% of Fast Blue-labeled corticospinal neurons were immunostained with CaM kinase IIα antibody. The present immunohistochemical study demonstrated that CaM kinase IIα is strongly expressed in both somata and axons of a majority of corticospinal neurons, although we could not detect this enzyme in the corticospinal terminals in the spinal target areas.",{"EN":252,"VI":253},"Alpha calcium\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II immunoreactivity in corticospinal neurons: combination of axonal transport method and immunofluorescence","Tính phản ứng miễn dịch của alpha protein kinase II phụ thuộc calci\u002Fcalmodulin ở các neuron vỏ - tủy sống: Kết hợp phương pháp vận chuyển sợi trục và miễn dịch huỳnh quang",{"VOID":255},"Bennett MK, Erondu NE, Kennedy MB (1983) Purification and characterization of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that is highly concentrated in brain. J Biol Chem 258:12735–12744\nBenson DL, Isackson PJ, Gall CM, Jones EG (1992) Contrasting patterns in the localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase and Ca2+\u002Fcalmodulin protein kinase gene expression in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 46:825–849\nBronstein JM, Wasterlain CG, Bok D, Lasher R, Farber DB (1988) Localization of retinal calmodulin kinase. Exp Eye Res 47:391–402\nCasale EJ, Light AR, Rustioni A (1988) Direct projection of the corticospinal tract to the superficial laminae of the spinal cord in the rat. J Comp Neurol 278:275–286\nDonoghue JP, Wise SP (1982) The motor cortex of the rat: cytoarchitecture and microstimulation mapping. J Comp Neurol 212:76–88\nDonoghue JP, Kerman KL, Ebner FF (1979) Evidence for two organization plans within the somatic sensory-motor cortex of the rat. J Comp Neurol 183:647–664\nEndo K, Araki T, Yagi N (1973) The distribution and pattern of axon branching of pyramidal tract cells. Brain Res 57:484–491\nFukunaga K, Goto S, Miyamoto E (1988) Immunohistochemical localization of Ca2+\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rat brain and various tissue. J Neurochem 51:1070–1078\nGiuffrida R, Rustioni A (1989) Glutamate and aspartate immunoreactivity in corticospinal neurons of rats. J Comp Neurol 288:154–164\nGoldenring JR, Gonzalez B, McGuire JS Jr, DeLorenzo RJ (1983) Purification and characterization of a calmodulin-dependent kinase from rat brain cytosol able to phosphorylate tubulin and microtuble-associated proteins. J Biol Chem 258:12632–12640\nHamada I, Sakai M, Kubota K (1981) Morphological differences between fast and slow pyramidal tract neurons in the monkey motor cortex as revealed by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase by pressure. Neurosci Lett 22:233–238\nHendry SHC, Kennedy MB (1986) Immunoreactivity for a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is selectively increased in macaque striate cortex after monocular deprivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:1536–1540\nHummelsheim H, Wiesendanger M (1985) Is the hindlimb representation of the rat's cortex a ‘sensorimotor amalgam’? Brain Res 346:75–81\nIchikawa T, Sekihara S, Ohsako S, Hirata Y, Yamauchi T (1992) Ca2+\u002FCalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the rat cerebellum: an immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies specific to either α or β subunit. J Chem Neuroanat 5:97–104\nJacobs KM, Neve RE, Donoghue JP (1993) Neocortex and hippocampus contain distinct distributions of calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II and GAP43 mRNA. J Comp Neurol 336:151–160\nJones EG, Hurtley GW, Benson DL (1994) Alpha calcium\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II selectively expressed in a subpopulation of excitatory neurons in monkey sensory-motor cortex: comparison with GAD-67 expression. J Neurosci 14:611–629\nKanaseki T, Ikeuchi Y, Sugiura H, Yamauchi T (1991) Structural features of Ca2+\u002FCalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II revealed by electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 115:1049–1060\nLandry P, Wilson CJ, Kitai ST (1984) Morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of pyramidal tract neurons in the rat. Exp Brain Res 57:177–190\nLiang F, Moret V, Wiesendanger M, Rouller EM (1991) Corticomotoneuronal connections in the rat: evidence from double-labeling of motoneurons and corticospinal axon arborizations. J Comp Neurol 311:356–366\nMayer P, Möhlig M, Schatz H, Pfeiffer A (1993) New isoforms of multifunctional calcium\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. FEBS Lett 333:315–318\nMihailoff GA, Burne RA, Woodward DJ (1978) Projections of the sensorimotor cortex to the basilar pontine nuclei in the rat: an autoradiographic study. Brain Res 145:347–354\nMiller MW (1987) The origin of corticospinal projection neurons in rat. Exp Brain Res 67:339–351\nOchiishi T, Terashima T, Sugiura H, Yamauchi T (1994a) Immunohistochemical localization of Ca2+\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the rat retina. Brain Res 634:257–265\nOchiishi T, Terashima T, Yamauchi T (1994b) Specific distribution of Ca2+\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α and β isoforms in some structures of the rat forebrain. Brain Res 659:179–193\nO'Leary DDM, Terashima T (1988) Cortical axons branch to multiple subcortical targets by interstitial axon budding: implications for target recognition and “waiting periods”. Neuron 1:901–910\nO'Leary DDM, Bicknese AR, DE Carlos JA, Heffner HD, Koester SE, Kutka LJ, Terashima T (1990) Target selection by cortical axons: alternative mechanisms to establish axonal connections in the developing brain. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 50:453–468\nOttersen OP (1989) Quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of neuroactive amino acids. Anat Embryol 180:1–15\nOttersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J (1985) Different neuronal localization of aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunoreactivities in the hippocampus of rat, guinea pig, and Senegales baboon (Papio papio), with a note on the distribution of GABA. Neuroscience 16:589–606\nOttersen OP, Zhang N, Walberg F (1992) Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunocytochemistry in rat cerebellum. Neuroscience 46:519–534\nOuimet CC, McGuiness TL, Greengard P (1984) Immunocytochemical localization of calcium\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:5604–5608\nPotashner SJ, Dymczyk L, Deangelis MM (1988) D-Aspartate uptake and release in the guinea pig spinal cord after partial ablation of the cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 50:103–111\nRustioni A, Battaglia G, DeBiasi S, Giuffrida R (1988) Neuromediators in somatosensory thalamus: an immunocytochemical overview. In: Bentivoglio M, Spreafico R (eds) Cellular thalamic mechanisms. Elsevier, Amsterdam New York, pp 271–310\nSakagami H, Kondo H (1993) Differential expression of mRNAs encoding γ and β subunits of Ca2+\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaM kinase II) in the mature and postnatally developing rat brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 20:51–63\nSchulman H (1988) The multifunctional Ca2+\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase. In: Greengard P, Robinson GA (eds) Advances in second messenger and phosphoprotein research. Raven Press, New York, pp 39–112\nStorm-Mathisen J, Ottersen OP (1990) Immunocytochemistry of glutamate at the synaptic level. J Histochem Cytochem 38:1733–1743\nSugiura H, Yamauchi T (1992) Developmental changes in the level of Ca2+\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α and β proteins in soluble and particulate fractions of the rat brain. Brain Res 593:97–104\nSugiura H, Yamauchi T (1994) Developmental changes of protein substrates of Ca2+\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the rat forebrain. Brain Res 659:42–54\nTakaishi T, Saito N, Tanaka C (1992) Evidence for distinct neuronal location of gamma and delta subunits of Ca2+\u002Fcalmodul-independent protein kinase II in the rat brain. J Neurochem 58:1971–1974\nTerashima T, Inoue K, Inoue Y, Mikoshiba K, Tsukada Y (1983) Distribution and morphology of corticospinal tract neurons in reeler mouse cortex by the retrograde HRP method. J Comp Neural 218:314–326\nTerashima T, Inoue K, Inoue Y, Mikoshiba K (1987) Thalamic connectivity of the primary motor cortex of normal and reeler mutant mice. J Comp Neurol 257:405–421\nTerashima T, Ochiishi T, Yamauchi T (1994a) Immimohistochemical detection of calcium\u002Fcalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the spinal cord of the rat and monkey with special reference to the corticospinal tract. 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Exp Brain Res 93:96–103\nWaxham MN, Aronowski J (1993) Ca2+\u002FCalmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is phosphorylated by protein kinase C in vitro. Biochemistry 32:2923–2930\nYamauchi T, Fujisawa H (1980) Evidence for three distinct forms of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases from rat brain. FEBS Lett 116:141–144\nYamauchi T, Fujisawa H (1983) Purification and characterization of the brain calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (kinase II), which is involved in the activation of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase. Eur J Biochem 132:15–21\nYamauchi T, Ohsako S, Deguchi T (1989) expression and characterization of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II from cloned cDNAs in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem 264:19108–19116\nYoung AB, Bromberg MB, Penney JB Jr (1981) Decreased glutamate uptake in subcortical areas deafferented by sensorimotor cortical ablation in the cat. J Neurosci 1:241–249\nZhang H, Walberg F, Laake JH, Meldrum BS, Ottersen OP (1990) Aspartate-like and glutamate-like immunoreactivities in the inferior olive and climbing fiber system: a light microscopic and semi-quantitative electron microscopic study in rat and baboon (Papio anubis). 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Jahrb.1. 1875.",{},{"id":18,"text":539,"url":18,"identifiers":540},"Schauinsland, H., Die Entwicklung der Wirbelsäule nebst Rippen und Brustbein. Hertwigs Handbuch vgl. und exp. Entwicklungslehre Bd. III, Teil 2. 1906.",{},{"id":18,"text":542,"url":18,"identifiers":543},"Schultze, O., Über embyonale und bleibende Segmentierung. Verhdlg. Anat. Ges.96.",{},{"id":18,"text":545,"url":18,"identifiers":546},"Šecérov, S., Über die Entstehung der Diplospondylie der Selachier. Arbeiten aus dem Zool. Inst. d. Univ. Wien und d. zool. Station Triest19. 1911.",{},{"id":410,"text":548,"url":412,"identifiers":549},"Wiedersheim, R., Die Anatomie der Gymnophionen. Jena 1879.",{"doi":414},{"id":18,"text":551,"url":18,"identifiers":552},"Zykoff, W., Über das Verhältnis des Knorpels der Chorda bei Siredon pisciformis. Bull. Soc. Natur. 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Necklaces of primary and secondary cilia of olfactory receptor cells and ciliated respiratory cells, and of primary cilia of olfactory supporting cells were studied as a function of embryonic age. Strand numbers in necklaces of primary cilia of these cell types do not differ, but they differ significantly from those of necklaces of secondary cilia. Primary cilia have 2 to 4, but most commonly 3, necklace strands. This is true for necklaces of primary cilia of 8 different nasal cell types: olfactory epithelial basal and glandular cells, vomeronasal receptor and supporting cells, and microvillous respiratory epithelial cells, in addition to the 3 cell types mentioned above. Comparison with other systems suggests that primary cilia resemble flagella of eukaryotic flagellates and spermatozoa of some invertebrates with respect to their number of necklace strands. Average numbers of necklace strands in secondary olfactory cilia increase from 3–4 at the 16th and 17th gestational days to 6–7 in adults. Those in secondary respiratory cilia increase from 2–3 at the 18th and 19th gestational days to 5–6 in adults. Longer cilia have more strands than shorter ones. Necklaces often have free strand endings, also in primary cilia, suggesting that they spiral. Comparing the present data with those in the literature suggests that necklace features occurring during reciliation differ from those of de novo ciliogenesis. Primary and secondary cilia share the following qualities: 1) Membrane regions above necklace strands can differ quite drastically from those below the strands. 2) Necklace particles are firmly associated with cytoskeletal elements underneath the ciliary membrane. Hence, necklaces in primary cilia and in developing and mature secondary cilia may, together with the cytoskeleton underneath the membrane, provide a barrier for lateral diffusion and a region of membrane attachment. The latter may help to determine the shape of cilia.",{"EN":563},"Pre-natal development of rat nasal epithelia",{"VOID":565},"[\"5297562560558386795\"]",{"VOID":567},"Adams DR, Wiekamp MD (1984) The canine vomeronasal organ. J Anat 138:771–787\nAndres KH (1969) Der olfaktorische Saum der Katze. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 96:250–274\nArima T, Shibata Y, Yamamoto T (1984) A deep-etching study of the guinea pig tracheal cilium with special reference to the ciliary transitional region. J Ultrastruct Res 89:34–41\nArima T, Shibata Y, Yamamoto T (1985) Three-dimensional visualization of basal body structures and some cytoskeletal components in the apical zone of tracheal ciliated cells. J Ultrastruct Res 93:61–70\nBardele CF (1981) Functional and phylogenetic aspects of the ciliary membrane: A comparative freeze-fracture study. Biosystems 14:403–421\nBardele CF (1983) Comparative freeze-fracture study of the ciliary membrane of protists and invertebrates in relation to phylogeny. J Submicrosc Cytol 15:263–267\nBesharse JC, Forestner DM, Defoe DM (1985) Membrane assembly in retinal photoreceptors. III. Distinct membrane domains of the connecting cilium of developing rods. J Neurosci 5:1035–1048\nBoisvieux-Ulrich E, Sandoz D, Chailley B (1977) A freeze-fracture and thin section study of the ciliary necklace in quail oviduct. Biol Cell 30:245–252\nBoisvieux-Ulrich E, Sandoz D, Chailley B (1980) A thin section and freeze-fracture study of deciliation in bird oviduct. Biol Cell 37:261–268\nBreipohl W, Mendoza AS, Miragall F (1980) Freeze-etching studies on the ciliary necklace in the rat and chick. J Anat 130:801–807\nCarson JL, Collier AM, Clyde WA Jr (1979) Ciliary membrane alterations occurring in experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Science 206:349–352\nCarson JL, Collier AM, Hu S-CS (1980) Ultrastructural observations on cellular and subcellular aspects of experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease. Infect Immun 29:1117–1124\nCarson JL, Collier AM, Hnowles MR, Boucher RC, Rose JG (1981) Morphometric aspects of ciliary distribution and ciliogenesis in human nasal epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:6996–6999\nCarson JL, Collier AM, Smith GA (1984) New observations on the ultrastructure of mammalian conducting airway epithelium: Application of liquid propane freezing, deep etching, and rotary shadowing techniques to freeze-fracture. J Ultrastruct Res 89:23–33\nCarson JL, Collier AM, Knowles MR, Boucher RC (1985) Ultrastructural characterization of epithelial cell membranes in normal human conducting airway epithelium: A freeze-fracture study. Am J Anat 173:257–268\nCarson JL, Collier AM, Hu S-C, Smith CA, Stewart P (1987) The appearance of compound cilia in the nasal mucosa of normal human subjects following acute, in vivo exposure to sulfur dioxide. Environ Res 42:155–165\nCavalier-Smith T (1974) Basal body and flagellar development during the vegetative cell cycle and the sexual cycle of Clamydomonas reinhardii. J Cell Sci 16:529–556\nChailley B, Boisvieux-Ulrich E (1985) Detection of plasma membrane cholesterol by filipin during microvillogenesis and ciliogenesis in quail oviduct. J Histochem Cytochem 33:1–10\nChailley B, Boisvieux-Ulrich E, Sandoz D (1982) Ciliary membrane events during ciliogenesis of the quail oviduct. Biol Cell 46:51–64\nChailley B, Boisvieux-Ulrich E, Sandoz D (1983) Evolution of filipin-sterol complexes and intramembrane particle distribution during ciliogenesis. J Submicrosc Cytol 15:275–280\nCohen D, Satir P (1987) Lectin binding sites of the photoreceptor ciliary necklace. Anat Rec 218:25A\nCordier AC, Haumont S (1979) Origin of necklace particles in thymic ciliating cells. Am J Anat 156:91–97\nCosson MP, Gulik A (1982) Description of the mitochondria-axoneme junction in sea urchin spermatozoa: Presence of a flagellar necklace. J Ultrastruct Res 79:47–57\nCuevas P, Gutierrez Diaz J (1985) Absence offilipin-sterol complexes from the ciliary necklace of ependymal cells. Anat Embryol 172:97–99\nDentler WL (1981) Microtubule-membrane interactions in cilia and flagella. Int Rev Cytol 72:1–47\nEkblom A, Flock Å, Hansson P, Ottoson D (1984) Ultrastructural and electrophysiological changes in the olfactory epithelium following exposure to organic solvents. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 98:351–361\nFawcett DW, Phillips DM (1969) The fine structure and development of the neck region of the mammalian spermatozoon. Anat Rec 165:153–184\nFlower NE (1971) Particles within membranes: A freeze-etch view. J Cell Sci 9:435–441\nGaffal K-P, Bassemir U (1974) Vergleichende Untersuchung modifizierter Cilienstrukturen in den Dendriten mechano- und chemosensitiver Rezeptorzellen der Baumwollwanze Dysdercus und der Libelle Agrion. Protoplasma 82:177–202\nGilula NB, Satir P (1972) The ciliary necklace. A ciliary membrane specialization. J Cell Biol 53:494–509\nGraziadei PPC, Tucker D (1970) Vomeronasal receptors in turties. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 105:498–514\nHeller RF, Gordon RE (1986) Chronic effects of nitrogen dioxide on cilia in hamster bronchioles. Exp Lung Res 10:137–152\nHolley A, MacLeod P (1977) Transduction et codage des informations olfactives chez les vertébrés. J Physiol (Paris) 73:725–848\nHorst CJ, Forestner DM, Besharse JC (1987) Cytoskeletal-membrane interactions: A stable interaction between cell surface glycoconjugates and doublet microtubules of the photoreceptor connecting cilium. J Cell Biol 105:2973–2987\nJohnson UG, Porter KR (1968) Fine structure of cell division in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Basal bodies and microtubules. J Cell Biol 38:403–425\nKerjaschki D, Hörandner H (1976) The development of mouse olfactory vesicles and their contacts: A freeze-etching study. J Ultrastruct Res 54:420–444\nKratzing JE (1971) The fine structure of the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ in suckling rats. Austr J Biol Sci 24:787–796\nKratzing JE (1986) Morphological maturation of the olfactory epithelia of Australian marsupials. In: Breipohl W (ed) Ontogeny of olfaction. Principles of olfactory maturation in vertebrates. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 56–70\nMatsuda H, Fujita H, Ishimura K (1983) Freeze-fracture images of distribution of filipin-cholesterol complexes in the oviduct epithelium of mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 16:112–118\nMatsusaka T (1974) Membrane particles of the connecting cilium. J Ultrastruct Res 48:305–312\nMatsusaka T (1976) Cytoplasmic fibrils of the connecting cilium. J Ultrastruct Res 54:318–324\nMenco BPhM (1977) A qualitative and quantitative investigation of olfactory and nasal respiratory mucosal surfaces of cow and sheep based on various ultrastructural and biochemical methods. Commun Agric Univ Wageningen 77–13:1–157\nMenco BPhM (1980) Qualitative and quantitative freeze-fracture studies on olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelial surfaces of frog, ox, rat, and dog. IV. Ciliogenesis and ciliary necklaces (Including high-voltage observations). Cell Tissue Res 212:1–16\nMenco BPhM (1983) The ultrastructure of olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelium surfaces. In: Reznik G, Stinson SF (eds) Nasal tumors in animals and man, vol 1, anatomy, physiology and epidemiology. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 45–102\nMenco BPhM (1984) Ciliated and microvillous structures of rat olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelia. A study using ultrarapid cryo-fixation followed by freeze-substitution or freeze-etching. Cell Tissue Res 235:225–241\nMenco BPhM (1986) A survey of ultra-rapid cryofixation methods with particular emphasis on applications of freeze-fracturing, freeze-etching, and freeze-substitution. J Electron Microsc Techn 4:177–240\nMenco BPhM (1987) Necklaces of primary and secondary cilia in developing nasal epithelia. J Cell Biol 105:34A [Abstr] 181\nMenco BPhM (1988) Pre-natal development of rat nasal epithelia. IV. Freeze-fracturing on apices, microvilli and primary and secondary cilia of olfactory and respiratory epithelial cells and on olfactory axons. Anat Embryol 178:309–326\nMenco BPhM, Farbman AI (1985a) Genesis of cilia and microvilli of rat nasal epithelia during pre-natal development. I. Olfactory epithelium, qualitative studies. J Cell Sci 78:283–310\nMenco BPhM, Farbman AI (1985b) Genesis of cilia and microvilli of rat nasal epithelia during pre-natal development. I. Olfactory epithelium, a morphometric analysis. J Cell Sci 78:311–336\nMenco BPhM, Farbman AI (1985c) Membranes versus cytoskeleton; their respective roles in olfactory reception. Chem Sens 10:391 [Abstr] 11\nMenco BPhM, Farbman AI (1987) Genesis of cilia and microvilli of rat nasal epithelia during pre-natal development. III. Respiratory epithelium surface, including a comparison with the surface of the olfactory epithelium. J Anal 152:145–160\nMenco BPhM, Van der Wolk FM (1982) Freeze-fracture characteristics of insect gustatory and olfactory sensilla. I. A comparison with vertebrate olfactory receptor cells with special reference to ciliary components. Cell Tissue Res 223:1–27\nMenco BPhM, Dodd GH, Davey M, Bannister LH (1976) Presence of membrane particles in freeze-etched bovine olfactory cilia. Nature 263:597–599\nMenco BPhM, Leunissen JLM, Bannister LH, Dodd GH (1978) Bovine olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelium surfaces. High-voltage and scanning electron microscopy, and cryo-ultramicrotomy. Cell Tissue Res 193:503–524\nMenco BPhM, Minner EW, Farbman AI (1988) Preliminary observations on rapidly-frozen, freeze-fractured and deep-etched rat olfactory cilia rotary-replicated with tantalum\u002Ftungsten. J Electron Microsc Techn 8:441–442\nMendoza AS, Szabó K (1988) Developmental studies on the rat vomeronasal organ: Vascular pattern and neuroephitelial differentiation. II. Electron microscopy. Dev Brain Res 39:259–268\nMiragall F, Breipohl W, Bhatnagar KP (1979) Ultrastructural investigation of the cell membranes of the vomeronasal organ in the rat: A freeze-etching study. Cell Tissue Res 200:397–408\nMiragall F, Breipohl W, Naguro T, Voss-Wermbler G (1984) Freeze-fracture study of the plasma membranes of the septal olfactory organ of Masera. J Neurocytol 13:111–125\nMontesano R (1979) Inhomogeneous distribution of filipin-sterol complexes in the ciliary membrane of rat tracheal epithelium. Am J Anat 156:139–146\nNir I, Cohen D, Papermaster DS (1984) Immunocytochemical localization of opsin in the cell membrane of developing rat retinal photoreceptors. J Cell Biol 98:1788–1795\nRobenek H, Melkonian M (1981) Sterol-deficient domains correlate with intramembrane particle arrays in the plasma membrane of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Eur J Cell Biol 25:258–264\nSatir P, Gilula NB (1970) Freeze-etch of cilia. J Cell Biol 47:179a [Abstr] 474\nSatir B, Sale WS, Satir P (1976) Membrane renewal after dibucaine deciliation of Tetrahymena. Exp Cell Res 97:83–91\nSeifert K (1970) Die Ultrastruktur des Riechepithels beim Makrosmatiker. Eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung. In: Bargmann W, Doerr W (eds) Normale und pathologische Anatomie. Monographien in zwangloser Folge. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 1–99\nSleytr U, Kerjaschki D, Stockinger L (1972) Gefrierätzpräparation von Gewebestücken in der EPA 100 am Beispiel des Nasenseptums der Maus. Mikroskopie (Wien) 28:257–268\nSorokin SP (1968) Reconstructions of centriole formation and ciliogenesis in mammalian lungs. J Cell Sci 3:207–230\nTucker RW, Pardee AB (1982) Primary cilia and their role in the regulation of DNA replication. In: Nicolini C (ed) Cell growth. Plenum Publ Corp, New York, pp 365–376\nUsukura J, Yamada E (1978) Observations on the cytolemma of the olfactory receptor cell in the newt. 1. Freeze replica analysis. Cell Tissue Res 188:83–98\nWhiteley HE, Young S (1985) Cilia in the fetal and neonatal canine retina. Tissue Cell 17:335–340\nYamamoto M, Kataoka K (1986) Electron microscopic observation of the primary cilium in the pancreatic islets. Arch Histol Jpn 49:449–455",{"VOID":569},"10.1007\u002FBF00306044","2024-05-16T23:05:35.269+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00306044",[573],{"id":574,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":575,"affiliations":576,"properties":585,"displayName":587,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"9f0f7ee2-77f7-416e-b792-e597200e2aff",[269],[577],{"id":578,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":579,"properties":18},"0ede4a9b-449d-4cc5-9206-5ee2c159120c",{"id":578,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":580,"slug":18,"properties":581,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":584,"statistic":18},[],{"title":582},{"VI":583},"Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA",[],{"title":586},{"VI":587},"Bert Ph. M. Menco",{"url":571,"publisher":589,"properties":602},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":590,"slug":10,"properties":591,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":594,"manageAffiliations":595,"indexDatabases":596,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":597,"gsStatistic":18,"type":237,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":592,"title":593},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":598,"i10Index":25,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":26,"totalPublicationByYear":599,"totalCitation":92,"totalCitationByYear":600,"totalCitationPerPublication":147,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":601,"hindexLast5Year":77,"hindex":77},{},{"1891":28,"1892":29,"1893":30,"1894":31,"1895":30,"1896":32,"1897":33,"1898":34,"1899":35,"1900":29,"1901":36,"1902":37,"1903":36,"1904":38,"1905":36,"1906":39,"1907":40,"1908":37,"1909":32,"1910":41,"1911":39,"1912":29,"1913":42,"1914":33,"1915":30,"1916":43,"1917":44,"1918":45,"1919":46,"1920":44,"1921":47,"1922":48,"1923":49,"1924":50,"1925":51,"1926":52,"1927":53,"1928":47,"1929":54,"1930":47,"1931":55,"1932":56,"1933":57,"1934":58,"1935":48,"1936":59,"1937":60,"1938":61,"1939":62,"1940":32,"1942":63,"1943":53,"1944":34,"1948":64,"1949":41,"1950":65,"1951":47,"1952":42,"1953":65,"1954":33,"1955":47,"1956":53,"1957":35,"1958":31,"1959":53,"1960":65,"1961":65,"1962":29,"1963":37,"1964":31,"1965":33,"1966":42,"1967":33,"1968":35,"1969":66,"1970":67,"1971":68,"1972":69,"1973":70,"1974":50,"1975":54,"1976":71,"1977":72,"1978":59,"1979":73,"1980":69,"1981":74,"1982":67,"1983":75,"1984":50,"1985":76,"1986":77,"1987":78,"1988":79,"1989":77,"1990":80,"1991":81,"1992":82,"1993":83,"1994":84,"1995":83,"1996":79,"1997":85,"1998":67,"1999":86,"2000":85,"2001":87,"2002":88,"2003":89,"2004":90,"2005":90,"2006":55,"2013":54,"2014":91},{"1892":54,"1893":45,"1895":38,"1896":38,"1898":50,"1899":54,"1900":94,"1901":52,"1902":88,"1903":46,"1904":95,"1906":78,"1907":54,"1908":96,"1911":29,"1912":44,"1913":56,"1914":63,"1915":32,"1916":28,"1919":31,"1920":44,"1924":97,"1925":98,"1926":99,"1927":100,"1928":101,"1929":80,"1930":63,"1931":102,"1932":96,"1933":103,"1934":57,"1935":104,"1936":105,"1937":53,"1938":106,"1939":70,"1942":84,"1943":63,"1944":42,"1948":107,"1949":33,"1950":108,"1951":29,"1953":79,"1954":65,"1955":109,"1956":82,"1957":44,"1958":34,"1959":35,"1960":46,"1961":31,"1962":35,"1963":102,"1965":104,"1966":31,"1967":68,"1968":110,"1969":111,"1970":112,"1971":113,"1972":114,"1973":115,"1974":97,"1975":116,"1976":117,"1977":118,"1978":119,"1979":120,"1980":121,"1981":122,"1982":123,"1983":124,"1984":125,"1985":126,"1986":127,"1987":128,"1988":129,"1989":130,"1990":131,"1991":132,"1992":133,"1993":134,"1994":135,"1995":136,"1996":137,"1997":138,"1998":139,"1999":140,"2000":141,"2001":142,"2002":143,"2003":109,"2004":144,"2005":145,"2006":146},{"1892":149,"1893":150,"1895":151,"1896":152,"1898":153,"1899":154,"1900":155,"1901":156,"1902":157,"1903":158,"1904":159,"1906":160,"1907":161,"1908":162,"1911":163,"1912":164,"1913":165,"1914":166,"1915":167,"1916":168,"1919":169,"1920":170,"1924":45,"1925":171,"1926":172,"1927":173,"1928":174,"1929":175,"1930":176,"1931":177,"1932":178,"1933":179,"1934":180,"1935":181,"1936":182,"1937":183,"1938":184,"1939":185,"1942":186,"1943":181,"1944":187,"1948":65,"1949":188,"1950":165,"1951":150,"1953":189,"1954":190,"1955":191,"1956":192,"1957":193,"1958":194,"1959":195,"1960":187,"1961":196,"1962":197,"1963":198,"1965":199,"1966":200,"1967":201,"1968":202,"1969":203,"1970":204,"1971":205,"1972":206,"1973":207,"1974":45,"1975":208,"1976":209,"1977":210,"1978":211,"1979":212,"1980":213,"1981":214,"1982":215,"1983":216,"1984":217,"1985":218,"1986":219,"1987":220,"1988":221,"1989":222,"1990":223,"1991":224,"1992":225,"1993":226,"1994":227,"1995":228,"1996":229,"1997":201,"1998":230,"1999":231,"2000":232,"2001":233,"2002":234,"2003":235,"2004":236,"2005":219,"2006":209},{"pages":603,"volume":605},{"VOID":604},"381-388",{"VOID":606},"178",{"total":19,"publishYear":608,"statisticByYear":609},1988,{},"1988-08-01","2026-08-17T01:02:02.588+00:00",[],{"id":614,"createTime":615,"updateTime":616,"relativeEntities":617,"slug":618,"properties":619,"entityType":258,"verifyStatus":259,"verifyTime":630,"verifyNote":261,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":631,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":632,"publicationType":312,"publisherRelationship":648,"citationCount":19,"citationInfo":667,"publishDate":670,"publishYear":668,"citationAnalyzeStatus":405,"lastCitationAnalyze":616,"indexDatabases":671,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":333},"301fa4eb-0c06-4c3b-810d-fc6ebe269ec3","2023-12-25T22:24:07.760+00:00","2026-08-16T04:14:05.701+00:00",[],"Morphogenesis-of-intrahepatic-bile-ducts-of-the-human-fetus",{"abstract":620,"title":622,"gsPaper":624,"references":626,"doi":628},{"EN":621},"The development of the intrahepatic bile ducts of the human fetus was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Bile canaliculi with microvilli and junctional complexes are already found in the embryo of 7 mm. Some of them are of the intracellular type. At six to seven weeks, large bile canaliculi bounded by four to seven liver cells appear. Subsequently, bile canaliculi are formed predominantly between three to four adjoining liver cells and this arrangement persists throughout later fetal life. The early intrahepatic bile ducts develop around the portal vein as epithelial cell plates derived from the hepatic duct and the branches sprout from the epithelial cell plates in several different places. The epithelial cell plates are separated from each other by primitive connective tissue and they change into a complex network of bile ducts. Formation of the intrahepatic bile ducts is completed by three months. Biliary duct cells at the end of the developing bile ducts are thought to transform into liver cells. Therefore, at the ducts of Hering various transitional cells appear between biliary duct cells and liver cells. The fine structure of the developing liver cells and biliaryduct cells is also described.",{"EN":623},"Morphogenesis of intrahepatic bile ducts of the human fetus",{"VOID":625},"[\"10760407404076173549\"]",{"VOID":627},"Abe, R.: Some observations on the fine structure of the human liver in congenital biliary atresia. Arch. histol. jap. 28, 503–524 (1967).\nBloom, W.: The embryogenesis of human bile capillaries and ducts. Amer. J. Anat. 36, 451–465 (1926).\nDavid, H.: Zur submikroskopischen Morphologie intrazellulärer Gallenkapillaren. Acta anat. (Basel) 47, 216–224 (1961).\nDavies, J.: Development of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Human developmental anatomy p. 144–163. New York: Ronald Press Co. 1963.\nDeams, W. Th.: The micro-anatomy of the smallest biliary pathways in mouse liver tissue. Acta anat. (Basel) 46, 1–24 (1961).\nDoljanski, L., Roulet, Fr.: Über die gestaltende, Wechselwirkung zwischen dem Epithel und dem Mesenchym zugleich ein Beitrag zur Histologenese der sogenannten “Gallengangs-wucherungen”. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 292, 256–267 (1934).\nDu Bois, A. M.: The embryonic liver. In: The liver, ed. by Ch. Rouiller, vol. 1, p. 1–39. New York: Academic Press 1963.\nElias, H.: Origin and early development of the liver in various vertebrates. Acta hepat. (Hamburg) 3, 1–56 (1955).\nEssner, E., Novikoff, A. B.: Hepatocellular pigments and lysosomes. J. Ultrastruct. Res., 3, 374–389 (1960).\nHammer, J. A.: Über die erste Entstehung der nicht kapillären intrahepatischen Gallengänge beim Menschen. Z. mikro.-anat. Forsch. 5, 59–89 (1926).\nHorstmann, E.: Entwicklung und Entwicklungsbedingungen des intraheptischen Gallengang-systems. Arch. Entwickl.-Mech. Org. 139, 363–392 (1939).\nKarnovsky, J. J.: A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 27, 137A-138A (1965).\nKarrer, H.: Electron-mocroscipe observations on the chickembryo livers. Glycogen, bile canaliculi, inclusion bodies and hematopoiesis. J. Ultrastructruct. Res. 5, 116–141 (1961).\nKunitomo, K., Yamaguchi, M.: Quantitative Untersuchungen der kaldialen Organe der japanischen Embryonen (Jap. with Germ. abstr) Nagasaki med. J. 15, 1979–2012 (1937).\nLuft, J. H.: Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 409–414 (1961).\nPicardi, R., Gardiol, D., Gautier, A.: Etude de la cholangiogénèse chez le foetus humain. I. Aspects ultrastructuraux et classification des divers types cellulaires épithéliaux recontrés dens les rêgions périporales. Z. Zellforsch. 81, 311–318 (1968).\n——: Etude de la cholangiogénèse chez le foetus humain. II. Aspects histologiques et ultrastructurax de la génèse des canaux biliaires intrahepatiques. Z. Zellforsch. 84, 319–327 (1968).\nPorter, K. R., Bruni, C.: An electron microscopic study of the early effect of 3-Me-DAB on rat liver cells. Cancer Res. 19, 997–1009 (1959).\nSchaffner, F., Popper, H.: Electron microscopic studies of normal and proliferated bile ductules. Amer. J. Path. 38, 393–410 (1961).\nSteiner, J. W., Carruthers, J. S.: Studies on the fine structure of the terminal branches of the biliary tree. 1. The morphology of normal bile canaliculi, bile preductules (ducts of Hering) and bile ductules. Amer. J. Path. 38, 639–661 (1961).\n——: Experimental extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Some aspects of the fine structural changes of bile ductules and pre-ductules (ducts of Hering). Amer. J. Path. 40, 253–270 (1962).\nStephens, R. J., Bils, R. F.: Ultrastructural changes in the developing chick liver. J. Ultrastruct. Res., 18, 456–474 (1967).\nWilson, J. W., Groat, C. S., Leduc, E. H.: Histogenesis of the liver. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 111, 8–24 (1963).\nWood, R. 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Neur. 12, 1?86 (1902a)",{"doi":901},"10.1002\u002Fcne.910120102",{"id":18,"text":903,"url":18,"identifiers":904},"Johnston, J.B.: An attempt to define the primitive functional divisions of the central nervous system. J. Comp. Neur. 12, 87?106 (1902b)",{"doi":905},"10.1002\u002Fcne.910120103",{"id":18,"text":907,"url":18,"identifiers":908},"Johnston, J.B.: The morphology of the forebrain vesicle in vertebrates. J. Comp. Neur. 19, 457?539 (1909)",{},{"id":18,"text":910,"url":18,"identifiers":911},"Johnston, J.B.: The telencephalon of ganoids and teleosts. J. Comp. Neur. 21, 489?591 (1911)",{"doi":912},"10.1002\u002Fcne.900210602",{"id":18,"text":914,"url":18,"identifiers":915},"Kemenade, J.A.M. van, Kremers, J.P.M.: The Pituitary Gland of the Coelacanth Fish Latimeria chalumnae Smith: General Structure and Adenohypophysial Cell Types. Cell Tiss. Res. 163, 291?311 (1975)",{"doi":916},"10.1007\u002FBF00219465",{"id":18,"text":918,"url":18,"identifiers":919},"Kremers, J.P.M., Nieuwenhuys, R.: Topological Analysis of the Brain Stem of the Crossopterygian Fish Latimeria chalumnae. In preparation",{},{"id":18,"text":921,"url":18,"identifiers":922},"Lagios, M.D.: Evidence for a hypothalamo-hypophysial portal vascular system in the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae Smith. Gen. comp. Endocr. 18, 73?82 (1972)",{"doi":923},"10.1016\u002F0016-6480(72)90082-2",{"id":18,"text":925,"url":18,"identifiers":926},"Larsell, O.: The comparative anatomy and histology of the cerebellum from Myxinoids through Birds, Minneapolis, Univ. Minnesota Press, VIII+291 pp. (1967)",{},{"id":18,"text":928,"url":18,"identifiers":929},"Lemire, M.: Étude architectonique du rhombencéphale de Latimeria chalumnae Smith. Bull. Muséum Nat. d'Histoire Naturelle, sér. 3, no. 2, 41?95 (1971)",{},{"id":18,"text":931,"url":18,"identifiers":932},"Millot, J., Anthony, J.: Considérations préliminaires sur le squelette axial et le système nerveux central de Latimeria chalumnae Smith. Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, sér. A, 11, 167?188 (1956)",{},{"id":18,"text":934,"url":18,"identifiers":935},"Millot, J., Anthony, J.: Anatomie de Latimeria chalumnae. Vol. II: Système nerveux et organes de sens. Paris, Ed. de Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 131 pp. (1965)",{},{"id":18,"text":937,"url":18,"identifiers":938},"Millot, J., Nieuwenhuys, R., Anthony, J.: Le diencéphale de Latimeria chalumnae Smith (Poisson Coelacenthidé). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 258, 5051?5055 (1964)",{},{"id":18,"text":940,"url":18,"identifiers":941},"Moy-Thomas, J.A., Miles, R.S.: Palaeozoic Fishes. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd., XI+259 pp. (1971)",{"doi":942},"10.1007\u002F978-1-4684-6465-8",{"id":18,"text":944,"url":18,"identifiers":945},"Mudde, J.P., Nieuwenhuys, R.: Topological Analysis of the Brain Stem of the Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus. In preparation.",{},{"id":18,"text":947,"url":18,"identifiers":948},"Nieuwenhuys, R.: The telencephalon of the Crossopterygian Latimeria chalumnae Smith. J. Morph. 117, 1?24 (1965)",{"doi":949},"10.1002\u002Fjmor.1051170102",{"id":18,"text":951,"url":18,"identifiers":952},"Nieuwenhuys, R.: Comparative anatomy of the cerebellum. In: Progress in Bran Research (C.A. Fox and R.S. Snider, eds.), vol. 25, pp. 1?93 (1967)",{"doi":953},"10.1016\u002FS0079-6123(08)60962-0",{"id":18,"text":955,"url":18,"identifiers":956},"Nieuwenhuys, R.: A Survey of the structure of the forebrain in higher bony fishes (Osteichthyes). Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 167, 31?64 (1969)",{"doi":957},"10.1111\u002Fj.1749-6632.1969.tb20432.x",{"id":18,"text":959,"url":18,"identifiers":960},"Nieuwenhuys, R., Kremers, J.P.M., Huijzen, Chr. van.: The brain of the crossopterygian fish Latimeria chalumnae. Acta Morph. Neerl.-Scand. 13, 306 (1975)",{},{"id":18,"text":962,"url":18,"identifiers":963},"Sheldon, R.E.: The olfactory tracts and centers in teleosts. J. Comp. Neur. 22, 177?340 (1912)",{"doi":964},"10.1002\u002Fcne.900220301",{"id":18,"text":966,"url":18,"identifiers":967},"Stensiö, E.: The brain and the cranial nerves in fossil, lower craniate vertebrates. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 120 pp. (1963)",{},{"id":969,"createTime":970,"updateTime":971,"relativeEntities":972,"slug":973,"properties":974,"entityType":258,"verifyStatus":259,"verifyTime":985,"verifyNote":261,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":986,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":987,"publicationType":312,"publisherRelationship":1016,"citationCount":18,"citationInfo":18,"publishDate":1035,"publishYear":1036,"citationAnalyzeStatus":1037,"lastCitationAnalyze":1038,"indexDatabases":1039,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":333},"6524fec6-5901-41fd-8172-710a48a47cae","2024-01-03T07:34:40.415+00:00","2026-07-28T01:59:51.157+00:00",[],"Innervation-of-the-liver-in-guinea-pig-and-rat",{"abstract":975,"title":977,"gsPaper":979,"references":981,"doi":983},{"EN":976},"The adrenergic innervation of rat and guinea pig liver is investigated using the glyoxylic-acid — paraformaldehyde method for fluorescent microscopical demonstration of adrenergic nerves and electron microscopy. The nerve distribution in the parenchyma of both animals is compared. The distribution of the liver nerves as detected with fluorescence microscopy is confirmed electron microscopically. The two species exhibit fundamental differences in their liver innervation:\n                  \n                    \n                    \n                  \n                  \n                    \n                    \n                  \n                \n",{"EN":978},"Innervation of the liver in guinea pig and rat",{"VOID":980},"[]",{"VOID":982},"Adachi A (1974) Afferent neural unit of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve (abstract) Physiol Soc Jap J 36:310\nAlexander WF (1940) The innervation of the biliary system. J Comp Neurol 72:357–370\nAnufriev BT, Eletsky YK, Smitten NA (1973) Gistochimiceskoje issledovanije adrenergi-ceskoi innervazii peceni. Biull Eksp Biol Med 75:106–109\nAxelsson S, Björklund A, Falck B, Lindvall O, Svensson LA (1973) Glyoxylic acid condensation: A new fluorescence method for the histochemical demonstration of biogenic monoamines. Acta Physiol Scand 89:57–62\nAzarova AM (1967) On intraorgan innervation of the liver. Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol 52:73–77\nBattenberg ELF, Bloom FE (1975) A rapid, simple and more sensitive method for the demonstration of central catecholamine-containing neurons and axons by glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence. I. Specifity. Psychopharmacol Commun 1:3–13\nBerkeley HJ (1883) Studies in the histology of the liver. I. The intrinsic nerves. Anat Anz 8:769–783\nBlack IB, Reis DJ (1971) Cholinergic regulation of hepatic tyrosine transaminase activity. J Physiol (London) 213:421–433\nBlouin A, Côté MG (1973) Cartographie de l'innervation sympathetique des lobes, gauche et médians du foie du rat. Rev Can Biol 32:187–211\nBurkel WE (1970) The fine structure of the terminal branches of the hepatic arterial system in rats Anat Rec 167:329–350\nDonath T, Ungvary G (1970) Beiträge zur monoaminergischen Innervation der Leber. Verh Anat Ges 68, Anat Anz 120:325–328\nDonath T, Ungvary G (1975) Neurohistochemical changes in the liver of guinea pigs following ligation of the common bile duct. Exp Mol Pathol 22:29–34\nEdwards AV (1971) The glycogenolytic response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in adrenalectomized calves, sheep, dogs, cats, and pigs. J Physiol (London) 213:744–759\nEdwards AV, Silver M (1970) The glycogenolytic response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in adrenalectomized calves. J Physiol (London) 211:109–124\nEdwards AV, Silver M (1972) The hyperglycaemic response to stimulation of the hepatic sympathetic innervation in adrenalectomized cats and dogs. J Physiol (London) 220:697–710\nEdwards AV, Silver M, (1972) Comparison of the hyperglycaemic and glycogenolytic responses to catecholamines with those to stimulation of the hepatic sympathetic innervation in the dog. J Physiol (London) 233:571–593\nElias H, Petty D (1953) Terminal distribution of the hepatic artery. Anat Rec 116:9–17\nFalck B, Hillarp N-A, Thieme G, Thorp A (1962) Fluorescence of catecholamines, and related compounds condensed with formaldehyde. J Histochem Cytochem 10:348–354\nFalck B, Ingemansson S, Nobin A, Rosengren E (1975) The adrenergic innervation of the human liver. Acta Endocrinol (Kbh) Suppl 199:181\nForssmann WG (1977) Innervation von Leber und Pankreas bei Primaten. Acta Anat (Basel) 99:267–268\nForssmann WG, Ito S (1975) Innervation of hepatocytes in the free shrew. In: E Yamada (ed) Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Anatomists. Science Council of Japan, Tokyo, p 430\nForssmann WG, Ito S (1977) Hepatocyte innervation in primates. J Cell Biol 74:299–313\nForssmann WG, Ito S, Weihe E, Aoki A, Dym M, Fawcett DW (1977) An improved perfusion fixation method for the testis. Anat Rec 188:307–314\nHolbrook ML (1882) The termination of the nerves in the liver. In: Proceedings of the american society of microscopists, pp 95–100\nHori M, Austen WG, McDermott WV (1965a) Role of hepatic arterial blood flow and hepatic nerves on renal circulation and function. II. Chronic studies in the dog. Ann Surg 162:949–958\nHori M, Austen WG, McDermott WV (1965b) Role of hepatic arterial blood flow and hepatic nerves on renal circulation and function. I. Acute studies in the dog. Ann Surg 162:849–862\nJärhult J, Falck B, Ingemansson S, Nobin A (1978) The functional importance of sympathetic nerves to the liver and endocrine pancreas. Ann Surg In press\nJones AL, Spring-Mills E (1977) The liver and Gallbladder. In: L Weiss and RO Greep (eds) Histology. McGraw-Hill, Inc, New York, pp 701–746\nKarnovsky MJ (1971) Use of ferrocyanide-reduced osmium tetroxide in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 51: 146a\nKarupu VJ (1961) Some data on the peripheral nervous system of the liver. Arkh Anat Histol Embriol 41:83–90\nKorolkow P (1893) Über die Nervenendigungen in der Leber. Anat Anz 8:751–753\nKuntz A (1945) Innervation of the biliary system. In: The autonomic nervous system, pp 258–262, 3rd edition. Lea and Felbiger, Philadelphia\nLatarjet A, Bonnet P, Bonniot A (1920) Les nerfs du foie et des voies biliares. Lyon Chir 17: 13–35\nLindvall O, Björklund A (1974) The glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemical method: a detailed account of the methodology for the visualization of central catecholamine neurons. Histochemistry 39:97–127\nLindvall O, Björklund A, Hökfelt T, Ljungdhal A (1973) Application of the glyoxylic acid method to vibratome sections for improved visualization of central catecholamine neurons. Histochemie 35:31–38\nLuft JH (1973) Embedding media-old and new. In: Koehler JH (ed) Advanced techniques in biological electron microscopy. Springer-Verlag New York, New York, pp 1–34\nMacCallum AG (1887) The termination of nerves in the liver. Quart J Microsc Sci 27:439–460\nMazzanti L, del Tacca M, Breschi MC (1977) Histochemical studies of noradrenergic innervation of the liver in untreated and daunomycin-pretreated guinea pig. Histochemistry 53:17–24\nMetz W, Forssmann WG (1979, in press) Comparative morphology of liver innervation. In: Leber-Symposium Basel\nMikhail Y, Saleh AL (1961) Intrinsic nerve fibers in the liver parenchyma. Anat Rec 141:317–323\nMiura IM (1884) Beiträge zur Histologie der Leber. Virchows Arch 97:142–148\nNesterowsky M (1975) Über die Nerven der Leber. Virchows Arch 63:4421\nNiijima A (1969) Afferent impulse discharges from glucoreceptors in the liver of the guinea pig. Ann NY Acad Sci 157:690–700\nNiijima A, Fukuda A (1973) Release of glucose from perfused liver preparation in response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in the toad. Jap J Physiol 23:497–508\nNobin A, Falck B, Ingemansson S, Järhult J, Rosengren E (1977) Organization and function of the sympathetic innervation of human liver. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 452:103–106\nNobin A, Baumgarten HG, Falck B, Ingemansson S, Moghimzadeh E, Rosengren E (1978) Organization of the sympathetic innervation in liver tissue from monkey and man. Cell Tissue Res 195:371–380\nPflüger E (1869) Über die Abhängigkeit der Leber von dem Nervensystem. Pflügers Arch ges Physiol 2:459–491\nPfuhl W (1932) Die Nerven der Leber In: W v Möllendorf (ed) Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen, Vol. 5\u002F2, Magen-Leber-Gallenwege. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 406–408\nRautu L, Ciplea A (1972) Hepatic catecholamines. Fluorescence microscopy. Rev Roum Physiol 9:439–441\nReilly FD, McCuskey A, McCuskey R (1977) Intrahepatic distribution of nerves in the rat. Anat Rec 187:690–691\nReilly FD, McCuskey A, McCuskey R (1978) Intrahepatic distribution of nerves in the rat. Anat Rec 191:55–68\nBiegele L (1928) Über das feinere Verhalten der Nerven in der Leber von Mensch und Säugetier. Z Mikr Anat Forsch 14:73–98\nRussu VIG, Vaida A, Dumitrascu D, Lucaciu O (1961) Beiträge zur Innervation der Leber. Acta Anat (Basel) 44:70–79\nShimazu T (1967) Glycogen synthetase activity in liver: Regulation by the autonomic nerves. Science 156:1256–1257\nShimazu T, Amakawa A (1968a) Regulation of glycogen metabolism in liver by the autonomic nervous system. II. Neural control of glycogenolytic enzymes. Biochem Biophys Acta 165:335–348\nShimazu T, Amakawa A (1968b) Regulation of glycogen metabolism in liver by the autonomic nervous system. III Differential effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation and of catecholamines on liver phosphorylase. Biochim Biophys Acta 165:349–356\nShimazu T, Fujimoto T, (1971) Regulation of glycogen metabolism in liver by the autonomic nervous system. IV. Neural control of glycogen biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Acta 252:18–27\nSisto LD, Robecchi A (1969) L'innervazione adrenergetica del fegato. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 45:555–556\nSkaaring P, Bierring F (1976) On the intrinsic innervation of normal rat liver. Histochemical and scanning electron microscopical studies. Cell Tissue Res 171:141–155\nSkaaring P, Bierring F (1977) Further evidence for the existence of intralobular nerves in the rat liver. Cell Tissue Res 177:287–290\nTsai TL (1958) A histological study of sensory nerves in the liver. Acta Neuroveg 17:354–385\nUngvary G, Donath T (1969) On the monoaminergic innervation of the liver. Acta Anat (Basel) 72:446–459\nUno H (1977) Catecholaminergic terminals in the perisinusoidal spaces of the hepatic acini and adrenal cortex of macaques (abstract). Anat Rec 187:735\nVenable J, Coggeshall R (1965) A simplified lead citrate stain for use in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 25:407–408\nWallraff J (1969) Innervation des Leberparenchyms. In: W v Möllendorf, Bargmann W (eds) Handbuch der Mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Vol 5\u002F4. Die Leber-Gallengangsystem, Gallenblase und Galle. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 214–218\nWang H-W (1953) Recherches sur les terminations nerveuses dans le foie. Gastroenterologia 79:220–226\nYamada E (1965) Some observations on the nerve terminal on the liver parenchymal cell of the mouse as revealed by electron microscopy. Okajimas Folia Anat Jap 40:663–677",{"VOID":984},"10.1007\u002FBF00305105","2024-09-04T22:09:20.268+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00305105",[988,1003],{"id":989,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":990,"affiliations":991,"properties":1000,"displayName":1002,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"c72ef3c1-3141-4271-94a1-a6405ac98ceb",[269],[992],{"id":993,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":994,"properties":18},"37882b76-bf49-4fce-ab02-1e2cf30f2a78",{"id":993,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":995,"slug":18,"properties":996,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":999,"statistic":18},[],{"title":997},{"VI":998},"Department of Anatomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany",[],{"title":1001},{"VI":1002},"W. 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have previously shown that the binding of the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to developing tail buds results in a range of caudal axial defects, which were most likely due to the affinity of the lectin for sialic acid residues. In the present study, we examined the distribution and role of a sialic acid-containing glycoprotein, N-CAM, in chick tail bud development. In the early tail bud, anti N-CAM, staining was found in the medullary cord. However, there was no uptake of an antibody specific to N-CAM containing moderate to long chains of polysialic acid (5A5 monoclonal antibody). At later stages, while N-CAM localized throughout the neural tube, staining with the 5A5 antibody was restricted to the floor plate. Sub-blastodermal injection of the anti N-CAM antibody beneath the tail bud region of HH stages 13–14 embryos produced caudal axial malformations. These malformations included the presence of accessory segments of neural tube and\u002For notochord, and fusion between the neural tube and underlying segment of notochord. Our results suggest that N-CAM is present during the development of the secondary neuraxis from the tail bud, although the highly sialylated form of this molecule could not be visualized until relatively late stages. N-CAM probably plays a role in the normal course of tail bud development, since perturbation of the molecule with an antibody resulted in malformations. Since these malformations were similar to those we have previously reported when we treated similarly staged chick embryos with WGA, there is a possibility that the sialic acid residues recognized and bound by the lectin are those associated with the N-CAM molecule.",{"EN":1050},"N-CAM, polysialic acid and chick tail bud development",{"VOID":980},{"VOID":1053},"Bourrillon R, Aubrey M (1989) Cell surface glycoproteins in embryonic development. Int Rev Cytol 116:257–338\nCostanzo R, Watterson RL, Schoenwolf GC (1982) Evidence that secondary neurulation occurs autonomously in the chick embryo. J Exp Zool 219:233–240\nCriley BB (1969) Analysis of the embryonic sources and mechanisms of development of posterior levels of chick neural tubes. J Morphol 128:465–501\nCrossin KL (1989) Cell and substrate adhesion molecules in embryonic and neural development. Clin Chem 35:738–747\nDryden RJ (1980) Spina bifida in chick embryos: ultrastructure of open neural defects in the transitional region between primary and secondary modes of neural tube formation. In: Persaud TVN (ed) Neural and Behavioral Teratology, vol 4, University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 75–100\nEdelman GM (1983) Cell adhesion and morphogenesis: the regulator hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:1460–1464\nGriffith CM, Wiley MJ (1990a) Sialoconjugates and development of the tail bud. Development 108:479–489\nGriffith CM, Wiley MJ (1990b) Distribution of cell surface glycoconjugates during chick secondary neurulation. Anat Rec 226:81–90\nHamburger V, Hamilton HL (1951) A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. J Morphol 88:49–92\nHascall VC, Hascall GK (1981) Proteoglycans. In: Hay ED (ed) Cell Biology of Extracellular Matrix. Plenum Press, New York, pp 39–63\nJelinek R, Seichert V, Klika A (1969) Mechanism of morphogenesis of caudal neural tube in the chick embryo. Folia Morphol 17:355–367\nKlein G, Langegger M, Goridis C, Ekblom P (1988) Neural cell adhesion molecules during embryonic induction and development of the kidney. Development 102:749–761\nKuhlmann WD, Krishan R (1981) Resin embedment of organs and postembedment localization of antigens by immunoperoxidase methods. Histochemistry 72:377–389\nRauvala H, Finne J (1979) Structural similarity of the terminal carbohydrate sequences of glycoproteins and glycolipids. FEBS Lett 97:1–8\nRutishauser U, Goridis C (1986) NCAM: the molecule and its genetics. Trends Genet 2:72–76\nRutishauser U, Watanabe M, Silver J, Troy FA, Vimr ER (1985) Specific alteration of NCAM-mediated cell adhesion by an endoneuraminidase. J Cell Biol 101:1842–1849\nRutishauser U, Acheson A, Hall AK, Mann DM, Sunshine J (1988) The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) as a regulator of cell-cell interactions. Science 240:53–57\nSanders EJ (1989) The cell surface in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. Common mechanisms. Telford Press, New Jersey\nSchoenwolf GC (1979) Histological and ultrastructural observations of tail bud formation in the chick embryo. Anat Rec 193:131–148\nSchoenwolf GC (1981) Morphogenetic processes involved in the remodelling of the tail region of the chick embryo. Anat Embryol 162:183–197\nSchoenwolf GC (1984) Histological and ultrastructural studies of secondary neurulation in the mouse embryo. Am J Anat 169:361–376\nSchoenwolf GC, DeLongo J (1980) Ultrastructure of secondary neurulation in the chick embryo. Am J Anat 158:43–63\nShedden PM, Wiley MJ (1987) Early stages of development in the caudal neural tube of the golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Anat Rec 219:180–185\nSmith JL, Schoenwolf GC (1989) Notochordal induction of cell wedging in the chick neural plate and its role in neural tube formation. J Exp Zool 250:49–62\nvan Straaten HW, Hekking JW, Thors F, Wiertz-Hoessels EL, Drukker J (1985) Induction of an additional floor plate in the neural tube. Acta Morphol Neerlanda-Scand 23:91–97\nvan Straaten HW, Hekking JW, Wiertz-Hoessels EJ, Thors F, Drukker J (1988) Effect of the notochord on the differentiation of a floor plate area in the neural tube of the chick embryo. Anat Embryol 177:317–324\nSunshine J, Balak K, Rutishauser U, Jacobson M (1987) Changes in neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) structure during vertebrate neural development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:5986–5990\nZar JH (1984) Biostatistical analysis, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey",{"VOID":1055},"10.1007\u002FBF00174400","2024-08-31T03:41:40.332+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002Farticle\u002F10.1007\u002FBF00174400",[1059,1074],{"id":1060,"sortIndex":19,"researcher":18,"roles":1061,"affiliations":1062,"properties":1071,"displayName":1073,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"7ce65f3b-40e1-4dfb-be84-ba6b26f5dd4f",[269],[1063],{"id":1064,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1065,"properties":18},"6b42e323-6a12-4731-b680-659918bb043b",{"id":1064,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1066,"slug":18,"properties":1067,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1070,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1068},{"VI":1069},"Department of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada",[],{"title":1072},{"VI":1073},"C. May Griffith",{"id":1075,"sortIndex":170,"researcher":18,"roles":1076,"affiliations":1077,"properties":1084,"displayName":1086,"givenName":18,"familyName":18},"a7e68d7a-5341-4695-97d0-9afdf0f024d0",[269],[1078],{"id":1064,"sortIndex":19,"affiliation":1079,"properties":18},{"id":1064,"createTime":18,"updateTime":18,"relativeEntities":1080,"slug":18,"properties":1081,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":18,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":18,"url":18,"parentIds":1083,"statistic":18},[],{"title":1082},{"VI":1069},[],{"title":1085},{"VI":1086},"Michael J. Wiley",{"url":1057,"publisher":1088,"properties":1101},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1089,"slug":10,"properties":1090,"entityType":16,"verifyStatus":17,"verifyTime":18,"verifyNote":18,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"subjectFields":1093,"manageAffiliations":1094,"indexDatabases":1095,"url":18,"thumbnailPath":18,"statistic":1096,"gsStatistic":18,"type":237,"analyzePriority":18},[],{"issn":1091,"title":1092},{"VOID":13},{"VOID":15},[],[],[],{"impactFactor":19,"impactFactorByYear":1097,"i10Index":25,"i10IndexLast5Year":19,"totalPublication":26,"totalPublicationByYear":1098,"totalCitation":92,"totalCitationByYear":1099,"totalCitationPerPublication":147,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1100,"hindexLast5Year":77,"hindex":77},{},{"1891":28,"1892":29,"1893":30,"1894":31,"1895":30,"1896":32,"1897":33,"1898":34,"1899":35,"1900":29,"1901":36,"1902":37,"1903":36,"1904":38,"1905":36,"1906":39,"1907":40,"1908":37,"1909":32,"1910":41,"1911":39,"1912":29,"1913":42,"1914":33,"1915":30,"1916":43,"1917":44,"1918":45,"1919":46,"1920":44,"1921":47,"1922":48,"1923":49,"1924":50,"1925":51,"1926":52,"1927":53,"1928":47,"1929":54,"1930":47,"1931":55,"1932":56,"1933":57,"1934":58,"1935":48,"1936":59,"1937":60,"1938":61,"1939":62,"1940":32,"1942":63,"1943":53,"1944":34,"1948":64,"1949":41,"1950":65,"1951":47,"1952":42,"1953":65,"1954":33,"1955":47,"1956":53,"1957":35,"1958":31,"1959":53,"1960":65,"1961":65,"1962":29,"1963":37,"1964":31,"1965":33,"1966":42,"1967":33,"1968":35,"1969":66,"1970":67,"1971":68,"1972":69,"1973":70,"1974":50,"1975":54,"1976":71,"1977":72,"1978":59,"1979":73,"1980":69,"1981":74,"1982":67,"1983":75,"1984":50,"1985":76,"1986":77,"1987":78,"1988":79,"1989":77,"1990":80,"1991":81,"1992":82,"1993":83,"1994":84,"1995":83,"1996":79,"1997":85,"1998":67,"1999":86,"2000":85,"2001":87,"2002":88,"2003":89,"2004":90,"2005":90,"2006":55,"2013":54,"2014":91},{"1892":54,"1893":45,"1895":38,"1896":38,"1898":50,"1899":54,"1900":94,"1901":52,"1902":88,"1903":46,"1904":95,"1906":78,"1907":54,"1908":96,"1911":29,"1912":44,"1913":56,"1914":63,"1915":32,"1916":28,"1919":31,"1920":44,"1924":97,"1925":98,"1926":99,"1927":100,"1928":101,"1929":80,"1930":63,"1931":102,"1932":96,"1933":103,"1934":57,"1935":104,"1936":105,"1937":53,"1938":106,"1939":70,"1942":84,"1943":63,"1944":42,"1948":107,"1949":33,"1950":108,"1951":29,"1953":79,"1954":65,"1955":109,"1956":82,"1957":44,"1958":34,"1959":35,"1960":46,"1961":31,"1962":35,"1963":102,"1965":104,"1966":31,"1967":68,"1968":110,"1969":111,"1970":112,"1971":113,"1972":114,"1973":115,"1974":97,"1975":116,"1976":117,"1977":118,"1978":119,"1979":120,"1980":121,"1981":122,"1982":123,"1983":124,"1984":125,"1985":126,"1986":127,"1987":128,"1988":129,"1989":130,"1990":131,"1991":132,"1992":133,"1993":134,"1994":135,"1995":136,"1996":137,"1997":138,"1998":139,"1999":140,"2000":141,"2001":142,"2002":143,"2003":109,"2004":144,"2005":145,"2006":146},{"1892":149,"1893":150,"1895":151,"1896":152,"1898":153,"1899":154,"1900":155,"1901":156,"1902":157,"1903":158,"1904":159,"1906":160,"1907":161,"1908":162,"1911":163,"1912":164,"1913":165,"1914":166,"1915":167,"1916":168,"1919":169,"1920":170,"1924":45,"1925":171,"1926":172,"1927":173,"1928":174,"1929":175,"1930":176,"1931":177,"1932":178,"1933":179,"1934":180,"1935":181,"1936":182,"1937":183,"1938":184,"1939":185,"1942":186,"1943":181,"1944":187,"1948":65,"1949":188,"1950":165,"1951":150,"1953":189,"1954":190,"1955":191,"1956":192,"1957":193,"1958":194,"1959":195,"1960":187,"1961":196,"1962":197,"1963":198,"1965":199,"1966":200,"1967":201,"1968":202,"1969":203,"1970":204,"1971":205,"1972":206,"1973":207,"1974":45,"1975":208,"1976":209,"1977":210,"1978":211,"1979":212,"1980":213,"1981":214,"1982":215,"1983":216,"1984":217,"1985":218,"1986":219,"1987":220,"1988":221,"1989":222,"1990":223,"1991":224,"1992":225,"1993":226,"1994":227,"1995":228,"1996":229,"1997":201,"1998":230,"1999":231,"2000":232,"2001":233,"2002":234,"2003":235,"2004":236,"2005":219,"2006":209},{"pages":1102,"volume":1104},{"VOID":1103},"205-212",{"VOID":1105},"183","1991-02-01",1991,[],{"id":1110,"createTime":1111,"updateTime":1112,"relativeEntities":1113,"slug":1114,"properties":1115,"entityType":258,"verifyStatus":259,"verifyTime":1126,"verifyNote":261,"languages":18,"translateLanguages":18,"viewCount":19,"primaryUrl":1127,"fullTextUrl":18,"authors":1128,"publicationType":312,"publisherRelationship":1157,"citationCount":39,"citationInfo":1176,"publishDate":1179,"publishYear":1177,"citationAnalyzeStatus":782,"lastCitationAnalyze":1180,"indexDatabases":1181,"openAccess":18,"references":18,"isForceReanalyzing":333},"8638c6b8-a08e-40c5-80e3-eb7d17a4fe1f","2024-02-10T04:27:09.493+00:00","2026-07-27T02:37:46.993+00:00",[],"Studies-of-the-guinea-pig-epididymis",{"abstract":1116,"title":1118,"gsPaper":1120,"references":1122,"doi":1124},{"EN":1117},"The guinea pig epididymis is subdivided into seven zones. The ultrastructure and morphology of the principal cells in these zones is analyzed. The position, shape and content of the nuclei are variable along the length of the epididymal duct. Features characteristic of absorptive activity, such as micropinocytotic caveolae, vacuoles, and multivesicular bodies are of high concentration in zone IV and VI. The Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretion granules are organelles and inclusions implicated to secretory functions and in this study are not found in the following concurring amounts within the principal cells of the seven zones: the Golgi apparatus exhibits a trend of increase from zone II to zone VII while the rough endoplasmic reticulum decreases. Secretion granules, though, are detected only in zones II and III, not only in the supra-, but also in the peri-and infranuclear regions. This possibly implies an exocrine secretory functions. Lamellar whorls and profiles of tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum are concentrated in the supranuclear and adluminal regions of zones I, II and VI. A high concentration of large lipid droplets is a consistent feature of the perinuclear region of zone II. Mitochondia and lysosomes are detected in relatively large amounts along the epididymal duct. The correlations of these morphological characteristics with respect to their possible functional role are discussed.",{"EN":1119},"Studies of the guinea pig epididymis",{"VOID":1121},"[\"16482865520050884971\"]",{"VOID":1123},"Brooks DE (1981) Secretion of proteins and glycoproteins by the rat epididymis: Regional differences, androgen-dependence, and effects of protease inhibitors, procain, and tunicamycin. Biol Reprod 25:1099–1117\nBrooks DE, Hamilton DW, Mallek AH (1974) Carnitine and glycerylphosphorylcholine in the reproductive tract of the male rat. J Reprod Fertil 36:141–160\nBurgos MH (1964) Uptake of colloidal particles by cells of the caput epididymidis. Anat Rec 148:517–525\nDauns WT, Wisse E, Brederoo P (1969) Electron microscopy of the vacuola apparatus. In: Dingle, JT, Fell HB (eds) Lysosomes in biology and pathology. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 64–112\nDawson RMC, Rowlands IW (1959) Glycerylphosphorylcholine in the male reproductive organs of rats and guinea pigs. Q J Exp Physiol 44:26–34\nDinakar N, Arora R, Prasad MRN (1974a) Effects of micropuncture of testosterone on the epididymis and accessory glands of the castrated rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta. J Endocrinol 60:399–408\nDinakar N, Arora R, Prasad MRN (1974b) Effects of micropuncture of 5-α-dihydrotestosterone on the epididymis and accessory glands of the castrated rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta. Int J Fertil 19:133–139\nFawcett DW, Hamilton DW (1970) Electron microscopic and biochemical evidence for steroid synthesis in the epididymis. In: Holstein AF, Horstman E (eds) Morphological aspects of andrology. Grosse, Berlin, pp 119–121\nFawcett DW, Hollenberg RD (1963) Changes in the acrosome of guinea pig spermatozoa during passage through the epididymis. Z Zellforsch 60:279–292\nFlickinger CJ (1981) Synthesis, transport and secretion of protein in the initial segment of the mouse epididymis as studied by electron microscopic radioautography. Biol Reprod 20:1015–1030\nFlickinger CJ (1983) Synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins by the epididymal epithelium. J Androl 4:157–161\nFlickinger CJ, Howards SS, English HF (1978) Ultrastructural differences in efferent ducts and several regions of the epididymis of the hamster. Am J Anat 152:557–586\nForssmann WG, Ito S, Weihe E, Aoki A, Dym M, Fawcett DW (1977) An improved perfusion fixation method for the testis. Anat Rec 188:307–314\nFrankel AI, Eik-Nes KB (1968) Steroidogenesis in vitro of the epididymis of the rabbit (abstr). Fed Proc 27:624\nFriend DS (1969) Cytochemical staining of multivesicular bodys and Golgi vesicles. J Cell Biol 41:269–279\nFriend DS, Farquhar MG (1967) Functions of coated vesicles during protein absorption in the rat vas deferens. J Cell Biol 35:357–376\nGlover TO, Nicander L (1971) Some aspects of structure and function in the mammalian epididymis. J Reprod Fertil [Suppl] 13:39–50\nGrant JH (1958) The passage of trypan blue through the epididymis and its uptake by this organ. Proc Soc Study Fert 10:95–101\nGreenberg J, Forssmann WG (1983) Studies of the guinea pig epididymis. II. Intercellular junctions of principal cells. Anat Embryol 168:195–209\nGupta G, Rajalakshmi M, Prasad MRN (1974) Regional differences in androgen thresholds of the epididymis of the castrated rat. Sterids 24:575–586\nHamilton DW (1971) Steroid function in the mammalian epididymis. J Reprod Fertil 13:89–97\nHamilton DW (1972) The Mammalian Epididymis. In: Balin H, Glasser S (eds) Reproductive biology. Excerpta Medical Foundatin, Amstrdam New York, pp 268–337\nHamilton DW, Fawcett DW (1970) In vitro synthesis of cholesterol and testosterone from acetate by rat epididymis and vas deferens. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 133:693–695\nHamilton DW, Jones AL, Fawcett DW (1969) Cholesterol biosynthesis in the mouse epididymis and ductus deferens: a biochemical and morphological study. Biol Reprod 1:167–184\nHansson V, Trygstad O, French FS, McLean WS, Smith AA, Tindall DJ, Weddington SC, Petrusz P, Nayfeh SN, Ritzen KM (1974) Androgen transport and receptor mechanisms in testis and epididymis. Nature (Lond) 250:387–391\nHansson V, Djøseland O, Reusch E, Attramadal A, Torgersen O (1973) An androgen binding protein in the testis Cytosol fraction of adult rats. Comparison with the androgen binding protein in the epididymis. Steroids 21:457–474\nHoffer AP, Greenberg J (1978) The structure of the epididymis, efferent ductules and ductus deferens of the guinea pig: a light microscope study. 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Reprod Fertil 47:313–318\nMoore HDM (1980) Localization of specific glycoproteins secreted by the rabbit and hamster epididymis. Biol Reprod 22:705–718\nMoore HDM, Bedford JM (1979) Short term effects of androgen withdrawal on the structure of different epithelial cells in the rat epididymis. Anat Rec 193:293–312\nNabeyama A, Leblond CP (1974) Caveolated Cells” characterized by deep surface invaginations and abundant filaments in mouse gastrointestinal epithelia. Am J Anat 140:147–166\nNeutra M, Leblond CP (1966) Radioautographic comparison of the uptake of galactose-3H and glucose-3H in the Golgi region of various cells secreting glycoproteins or mucopolysacharides. J Cell Biol 30:137–150\nNicander L (1957) On the regional histology and cytochemistry of the ductus epididymidis in the rabbit. Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 1:99–118\nNicander L (1957) Studies on the regional histology and cytochemistry of the ductus epidydimidis in stallions, rams and bulls. 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