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A possible reason for this lack of involvement may be the discomfort experienced by these individuals during such encounters and a misunderstanding of the normal grief reactions. From a two-year experience observing 351 families in whom an infant has died suddenly and unexpectedly, I have noted the most common immediate grief reactions. These reactions are discussed to increase the professional's awareness of the particular needs of these individuals.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>These immediate reactions include shock, disbelief, and denial; negativism, hostility, and anger; self-reproach and guilt; demonstration of former unresolved grief; verbalization of previous fears of loss; and sometimes, even, relief. 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protocol of ultrasonography (US) followed by computed tomography with rectal contrast (CTRC) has been shown to be 94% accurate in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Objective.\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>To evaluate the changes in patient management and costs of a protocol using US and CTRC in the evaluation of appendicitis in children.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Design, Setting, and Subjects.\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Prospective cohort study of 139 children between 3 and 21 years of age who had equivocal clinical findings for acute appendicitis seen in the emergency department of a large, urban pediatric teaching hospital between July 1998 and December 1998.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Protocol.\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Children with equivocal clinical presentations for acute appendicitis were prospectively evaluated with US. Patients with positive findings for acute appendicitis went directly to the operating room. Patients with negative or equivocal findings on US underwent CTRC. Surgical management plans were recorded before imaging, after US, and after CTRC.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Main Outcome Measures.\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Surgical management plans before and after the imaging protocol as well as total hospital direct and indirect costs incurred or saved by each change in management were determined. Costs were obtained through the hospital's cost database and by ratios of costs to charges.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>Results.\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Of the 139 children, the protocol resulted in a beneficial change in management in 86 children (61.9%), no change in management in 50 children (36.0%) and an incorrect change in management in 3 children (2.1%). US alone resulted in a beneficial change in management decision in 12\u002F31 children (38.7%), while US followed by CTRC resulted in a beneficial change in management in 74\u002F108 children (68.5%). 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1991, Rectal examination in patients with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen., Br Med J, 302, 386, 10.1136\u002Fbmj.302.6773.386",{"doi":487},"10.1136\u002Fbmj.302.6773.386",{"id":20,"text":489,"url":20,"identifiers":490},"Gamal, 1990, Appendicitis in children aged 13 years and younger., Am J Surg, 159, 589, 10.1016\u002FS0002-9610(06)80073-5",{"doi":491},"10.1016\u002FS0002-9610(06)80073-5",{"id":20,"text":493,"url":20,"identifiers":494},"Putnam, 1990, Appendicitis in children., Surg Gynecol Obstet, 170, 527",{},{"id":20,"text":496,"url":20,"identifiers":497},"Horowitz, 1997, Importance of diarrhea as a presenting symptom of appendicitis in very young children., Am J Surg, 173, 80, 10.1016\u002FS0002-9610(96)00417-5",{"doi":498},"10.1016\u002FS0002-9610(96)00417-5",{"id":20,"text":500,"url":20,"identifiers":501},"Siegel, 1991, Ultrasonography of acute abdominal pain in children., JAMA, 266, 1987, 10.1001\u002Fjama.1991.03470140099032",{"doi":502},"10.1001\u002Fjama.1991.03470140099032",{"id":20,"text":504,"url":20,"identifiers":505},"Scholer, 1996, Clinical outcomes of children with acute abdominal pain., Pediatrics, 98, 680, 10.1542\u002Fpeds.98.4.680",{"doi":506},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.98.4.680",{"id":20,"text":508,"url":20,"identifiers":509},"Rothrock, 1991, Clinical features of misdiagnosed appendicitis in children., Ann Emerg Med, 20, 45, 10.1016\u002FS0196-0644(05)81117-5",{"doi":510},"10.1016\u002FS0196-0644(05)81117-5",{"id":20,"text":512,"url":20,"identifiers":513},"Whilte, 1975, Intensive in-hospital observation: a safe way to decrease unnecessary appendectomy., Am Surg, 41, 793",{},{"id":20,"text":515,"url":20,"identifiers":516},"Nauta, 1986, Observation versus operation for abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant: roles of the clinical examination and the leukocyte count., Am J Surg, 151, 746, 10.1016\u002F0002-9610(86)90057-7",{"doi":517},"10.1016\u002F0002-9610(86)90057-7",{"id":20,"text":519,"url":20,"identifiers":520},"Graff, 1991, Probability of appendicitis before and after observation., Ann Emerg Med, 20, 503, 10.1016\u002FS0196-0644(05)81603-8",{"doi":521},"10.1016\u002FS0196-0644(05)81603-8",{"id":20,"text":523,"url":20,"identifiers":524},"Senbanjo, 1997, Management of patients with equivocal signs of appendicitis., J R Coll Surg Edinb, 42, 85",{},{"id":20,"text":526,"url":20,"identifiers":527},"Lund, 1994, Management of perforated appendicitis in children: a decade of aggressive treatment., J Pediatr Surg, 29, 1130, 10.1016\u002F0022-3468(94)90294-1",{"doi":528},"10.1016\u002F0022-3468(94)90294-1",{"id":20,"text":530,"url":20,"identifiers":531},"Roosevelt, 1998, Does the use of ultrasonography improve the outcome of children with appendicitis?, Acad Emerg Med, 5, 1071, 10.1111\u002Fj.1553-2712.1998.tb02664.x",{"doi":532},"10.1111\u002Fj.1553-2712.1998.tb02664.x",{"id":20,"text":534,"url":20,"identifiers":535},"Wagner, 1996, Does this patient have appendicitis?, JAMA, 276, 1589, 10.1001\u002Fjama.1996.03540190061030",{"doi":536},"10.1001\u002Fjama.1996.03540190061030",{"id":20,"text":538,"url":20,"identifiers":539},"Brender, 1985, Childhood appendicitis: factors associated with perforation., Pediatrics, 76, 301, 10.1542\u002Fpeds.76.2.301",{"doi":540},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.76.2.301",{"id":20,"text":542,"url":20,"identifiers":543},"Wilcox, 1997, Have the evaluation and treatment of acute appendicitis changed with new technology?, Surg Clin North Am, 77, 1355, 10.1016\u002FS0039-6109(05)70622-8",{"doi":544},"10.1016\u002FS0039-6109(05)70622-8",{"id":20,"text":546,"url":20,"identifiers":547},"Rappaport, 1989, Factors responsible for the high perforation rate seen in early childhood appendicitis., Am Surg, 55, 602",{},{"id":20,"text":549,"url":20,"identifiers":550},"Lewis, 1975, Appendicitis: a critical review of diagnosis and treatment in 1,000 cases., Arch Surg, 110, 677, 10.1001\u002Farchsurg.1975.01360110223039",{"doi":551},"10.1001\u002Farchsurg.1975.01360110223039",{"id":20,"text":553,"url":20,"identifiers":554},"Wade, 1993, Accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis compared with the surgeon's clinical impression., Arch Surg, 128, 1039, 10.1001\u002Farchsurg.1993.01420210103014",{"doi":555},"10.1001\u002Farchsurg.1993.01420210103014",{"id":20,"text":557,"url":20,"identifiers":558},"Crady, 1993, Clinical validity of ultrasound in children with suspected appendicitis., Ann Emerg Med, 22, 1125, 10.1016\u002FS0196-0644(05)80976-X",{"doi":559},"10.1016\u002FS0196-0644(05)80976-X",{"id":20,"text":561,"url":20,"identifiers":562},"Skaane, 1997, Routine ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a valuable tool in daily practice?, Am Surg, 63, 937",{},{"id":20,"text":564,"url":20,"identifiers":565},"Sivit, 1992, Appendicitis: usefulness of US in diagnosis in a pediatric population., Radiology, 185, 549, 10.1148\u002Fradiology.185.2.1410371",{"doi":566},"10.1148\u002Fradiology.185.2.1410371",{"id":20,"text":568,"url":20,"identifiers":569},"Rubin, 1990, Ultrasonography in the management of possible appendicitis in childhood., J Pediatr Surg, 25, 737, 10.1016\u002FS0022-3468(05)80008-9",{"doi":570},"10.1016\u002FS0022-3468(05)80008-9",{"id":20,"text":572,"url":20,"identifiers":573},"Rao, 1997, Helical CT technique for the diagnosis of appendicitis: prospective evaluation of a focused appendix CT examination., Radiology, 202, 139, 10.1148\u002Fradiology.202.1.8988203",{"doi":574},"10.1148\u002Fradiology.202.1.8988203",{"id":20,"text":576,"url":20,"identifiers":577},"Rao, 1998, Effect of computed tomography of the appendix on treatment of patients and use of hospital resources., N Engl J Med, 338, 141, 10.1056\u002FNEJM199801153380301",{"doi":578},"10.1056\u002FNEJM199801153380301",{"id":20,"text":580,"url":20,"identifiers":581},"Rhea, 1997, A focused appendiceal CT technique to reduce the cost of caring for patients with clinically suspected appendicitis., AJR Am J Roentgenol, 169, 113, 10.2214\u002Fajr.169.1.9207509",{"doi":582},"10.2214\u002Fajr.169.1.9207509",{"id":20,"text":584,"url":20,"identifiers":585},"Rao, 1998, The computed tomography appearance of recurrent and chronic appendicitis., Am J Emerg Med, 16, 26, 10.1016\u002FS0735-6757(98)90060-2",{"doi":586},"10.1016\u002FS0735-6757(98)90060-2",{"id":20,"text":588,"url":20,"identifiers":589},"Rao, 1997, Helical CT combined with contrast material administered only through the colon for imaging of suspected appendicitis., AJR Am J Roentgenol, 169, 1275, 10.2214\u002Fajr.169.5.9353441",{"doi":590},"10.2214\u002Fajr.169.5.9353441",{"id":20,"text":592,"url":20,"identifiers":593},"Rao, 1997, Sensitivity and specificity of the individual CT signs of appendicitis: experience with 200 helical appendiceal CT examination., J Comput Assist Tomogr, 21, 686, 10.1097\u002F00004728-199709000-00002",{"doi":594},"10.1097\u002F00004728-199709000-00002",{"id":20,"text":596,"url":20,"identifiers":597},"Rao, 1997, Appendiceal and periappendiceal air at CT: prevalence, appearance, and clinical significance., Clin Radiol, 52, 750, 10.1016\u002FS0009-9260(97)80153-5",{"doi":598},"10.1016\u002FS0009-9260(97)80153-5",{"id":20,"text":600,"url":20,"identifiers":601},"Taourel, 1992, Acute abdomen of unknown origin: impact of CT on diagnosis and management., Gastrointest Radiol, 17, 287, 10.1007\u002FBF01888571",{"doi":602},"10.1007\u002FBF01888571",{"id":20,"text":604,"url":20,"identifiers":605},"Balthazar, 1994, Acute appendicitis: CT and US correlation in 100 patients., Radiology, 190, 31, 10.1148\u002Fradiology.190.1.8259423",{"doi":606},"10.1148\u002Fradiology.190.1.8259423",{"id":20,"text":608,"url":20,"identifiers":609},"",{},{"id":20,"text":611,"url":20,"identifiers":612},"Balthazar, 1991, Appendicitis: prospective evaluation with high-resolution CT., Radiology, 180, 21, 10.1148\u002Fradiology.180.1.2052696",{"doi":613},"10.1148\u002Fradiology.180.1.2052696",{"id":20,"text":615,"url":20,"identifiers":616},"Garcia Peña BM, Mandl KD, Kraus SJ, et al, 1999, Ultrasonography and limited computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of appendicitis in children., JAMA, 282, 1041, 10.1001\u002Fjama.282.11.1041",{"doi":617},"10.1001\u002Fjama.282.11.1041",{"id":20,"text":608,"url":20,"identifiers":619},{},{"id":20,"text":621,"url":20,"identifiers":622},"Garcia Peña BM, Taylor GA, Lund DP, Mandl KD, 1999, Effect of computed tomography on patient management and costs in children with suspected appendicitis., Pediatrics, 104, 440, 10.1542\u002Fpeds.104.3.440",{"doi":623},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.104.3.440",{"id":625,"createTime":626,"updateTime":627,"relativeEntities":628,"slug":629,"properties":630,"entityType":245,"verifyStatus":246,"verifyTime":626,"verifyNote":247,"languages":646,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":647,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":648,"publicationType":269,"publisherRelationship":802,"citationCount":851,"citationInfo":852,"publishDate":857,"publishYear":853,"citationAnalyzeStatus":324,"lastCitationAnalyze":858,"indexDatabases":859,"openAccess":20,"references":860,"isForceReanalyzing":328},"9ceb59cf-de5a-479f-8157-2d8678a4b644","2024-10-05T21:00:30.278+00:00","2026-07-27T09:51:08.977+00:00",[],"Patterns-of-Respiratory-Disease-During-the-First-2-Postnatal-Weeks-in-Extremely-Premature-Infants",{"mag":631,"gsPaper":633,"pmc":634,"openalex":636,"abstract":638,"title":640,"pm":642,"doi":644},{"VOID":632},"2130092589",{"VOID":234},{"VOID":635},"2852187",{"VOID":637},"W2130092589",{"EN":639},"\u003Cjats:p>BACKGROUND. Pulmonary disease among infants of <28 weeks' gestation (extremely low gestational age newborns) often has the following pattern: the infant starts out with little need for supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support in the first postnatal week but then has pulmonary deterioration in the second postnatal week, with an increased need for supplemental oxygen and respiratory support. We evaluated the antecedents and correlates of patterns of early lung disease, with particular emphasis on pulmonary deterioration, in a large cohort study (the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn [ELGAN] study).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>PATIENTS AND METHODS. We examined data collected prospectively on 1340 infants born between 2002 and 2004 at 23 to 27 completed weeks of gestation and who survived to 14 days. Pulmonary deterioration was defined as receipt of fraction of inspired oxygen < 0.23 on any day between days 3 and 7 and receipt of fraction of inspired oxygen ≥ 0.25 on day 14.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>RESULTS. One fifth (20%) of the infants had consistently low fraction of inspired oxygen, approximately two fifths (38%) had pulmonary deterioration, and the remaining approximately two fifths (43%) had consistently high fraction of inspired oxygen (early and persistent lung dysfunction). Compared with infants who had consistently low fraction of inspired oxygen, infants who experienced pulmonary deterioration had lower gestational ages and lower birth weights, had higher scores for neonatal acute physiology, and received more intensive modes of respiratory support. Gender, multifetal pregnancy, cesarean delivery, antenatal steroids, chorioamnionitis, and funisitis were not associated with pulmonary deterioration. The incidence of chronic lung disease, defined as oxygen therapy at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, was 17% in the consistently low fraction of inspired oxygen group, 51% in the pulmonary deterioration group, and 67% in the early and persistent pulmonary dysfunction group. The incidence of death in these 3 groups before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age was 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>CONCLUSIONS. Nearly 40% of extremely low gestational age newborns experience pulmonary deterioration in the first 2 postnatal weeks, and half of these infants develop chronic lung disease. Indicators of developmental immaturity and illness severity were associated with both pulmonary deterioration and chronic lung disease. Studying the antecedents of pulmonary deterioration might provide new insights about chronic lung disease pathogenesis.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":641},"Patterns of Respiratory Disease During the First 2 Postnatal Weeks in Extremely Premature Infants",{"VOID":643},"19336371",{"VOID":645},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.2008-0862",[249],"https:\u002F\u002Fpublications.aap.org\u002Fpediatrics\u002Farticle\u002F123\u002F4\u002F1124\u002F71392\u002FPatterns-of-Respiratory-Disease-During-the-First-2",[649,668,701,720,739,762,779],{"id":650,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":651,"affiliations":652,"properties":661,"displayName":665,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"50df3263-47be-4107-a1a0-96aeb9f5deca",[],[653],{"id":654,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":655,"properties":20},"fb69ca95-13b1-4f74-9b2d-ea17eaa31b74",{"id":654,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":656,"slug":20,"properties":657,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":660,"statistic":20},[],{"title":658},{"EN":659},"Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7596, USA.",[],{"orcid":662,"title":664,"openalex":666},{"VOID":663},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4052-3215",{"EN":665},"Matthew M. 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Delivery room continuous positive airway pressure\u002Fpositive end-expiratory pressure in extremely low birth weight infants: a feasibility trial. Pediatrics. 2004;114(3):651–657",{"doi":864},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.2004-0394",{"id":20,"text":866,"url":20,"identifiers":867},"Charafeddine L, D'Angio CT, Phelps DL. Atypical chronic lung disease patterns in neonates. Pediatrics. 1999;103(4 pt 1):759–765",{"doi":868},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.103.4.759",{"id":20,"text":870,"url":20,"identifiers":871},"Panickar J, Scholefield H, Kumar Y, Pilling DW, Subhedar NV. Atypical chronic lung disease in preterm infants. J Perinat Med. 2004;32(2):162–167",{"doi":872},"10.1515\u002FJPM.2004.029",{"id":20,"text":874,"url":20,"identifiers":875},"Choi CW, Kim BI, Koh YY, Choi JH, Choi JY. Clinical characteristics of chronic lung disease without preceding respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. 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Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2007;11(1):15–22",{"doi":900},"10.2350\u002F07-06-0285.1",{"id":20,"text":902,"url":20,"identifiers":903},"Hecht JL, Kliman HJ, Allred EN, et al. Reference weights for placentas delivered before the 28th week of gestation. Placenta. 2007;28(10):987–990",{"doi":904},"10.1016\u002Fj.placenta.2007.04.009",{"id":20,"text":906,"url":20,"identifiers":907},"Hecht JL, Onderdonk A, Delaney M, et al. Characterization of chorioamnionitis in 2nd-trimester c-section placentas and correlation with microorganism recovery from subamniotic tissues. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2008;11(1):15–22",{"doi":900},{"id":20,"text":909,"url":20,"identifiers":910},"Onderdonk AB, Delaney ML, DuBois AM, Allred EN, Leviton A. Detection of bacteria in placental tissues obtained from extremely low gestational age neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198(1):110,e1–e7",{"doi":911},"10.1016\u002Fj.ajog.2007.05.044",{"id":20,"text":913,"url":20,"identifiers":914},"Richardson DK, Corcoran JD, Escobar GJ, Lee SK. SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II: simplified newborn illness severity and mortality risk scores. J Pediatr. 2001;138(1):92–100",{"doi":915},"10.1067\u002Fmpd.2001.109608",{"id":20,"text":917,"url":20,"identifiers":918},"Rojas MA, Gonzalez A, Bancalari E, Claure N, Poole C, Silva-Neto G. Changing trends in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of neonatal chronic lung disease. J Pediatr. 1995;126(4):605–610",{"doi":919},"10.1016\u002FS0022-3476(95)70362-4",{"id":20,"text":921,"url":20,"identifiers":922},"Marshall DD, Kotelchuck M, Young TE, Bose CL, Kruyer L, O'Shea TM. Risk factors for chronic lung disease in the surfactant era: a North Carolina population-based study of very low birth weight infants. North Carolina Neonatologists Association. Pediatrics. 1999;104(6):1345–1350",{"doi":923},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.104.6.1345",{"id":20,"text":925,"url":20,"identifiers":926},"Beresford MW, Shaw NJ. Detectable IL-8 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from preterm infants ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Res. 2002;52(6):973–978",{"doi":927},"10.1203\u002F00006450-200212000-00025",{"id":20,"text":929,"url":20,"identifiers":930},"Leviton A, Blair E, Dammann O, Allred E. The wealth of information conveyed by gestational age. J Pediatr. 2005;146(1):123–127",{"doi":931},"10.1016\u002Fj.jpeds.2004.09.028",{"id":20,"text":933,"url":20,"identifiers":934},"Watterberg KL. Adrenocortical function and dysfunction in the fetus and neonate. Semin Neonatol. 2004;9(1):13–21",{"doi":935},"10.1016\u002Fj.siny.2003.08.003",{"id":20,"text":937,"url":20,"identifiers":938},"Goldenberg RL, Andrews WW, Faye-Petersen OM, Goepfert AR, Cliver SP, Hauth JC. The Alabama Preterm Birth Study: intrauterine infection and placental histologic findings in preterm births of males and females less than 32 weeks. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(6):1533–1537",{"doi":939},"10.1016\u002Fj.ajog.2006.05.023",{"id":20,"text":941,"url":20,"identifiers":942},"Kallapur SG, Jobe AH. Contribution of inflammation to lung injury and development. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006;91(2):F132–F135",{"doi":943},"10.1136\u002Fadc.2004.068544",{"id":20,"text":945,"url":20,"identifiers":946},"Van Marter LJ, Dammann O, Allred EN, et al. Chorioamnionitis, mechanical ventilation, and postnatal sepsis as modulators of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2002;140(2):171–176",{"doi":947},"10.1067\u002Fmpd.2002.121381",{"id":20,"text":949,"url":20,"identifiers":950},"Kotecha S, Hodge R, Schaber JA, Miralles R, Silverman M, Grant WD. Pulmonary Ureaplasma urealyticum is associated with the development of acute lung inflammation and chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 2004;55(1):61–68",{"doi":951},"10.1203\u002F01.PDR.0000100757.38675.50",{"id":20,"text":953,"url":20,"identifiers":954},"Clyman RI. Recommendations for the postnatal use of indomethacin: an analysis of four separate treatment strategies. J Pediatr. 1996;128(5 pt 1):601–607",{"doi":955},"10.1016\u002FS0022-3476(96)80123-5",{"id":20,"text":957,"url":20,"identifiers":958},"Fowlie PW, Davis PG. Prophylactic indomethacin for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003;88(6):F464–F466",{"doi":959},"10.1136\u002Ffn.88.6.F464",{"id":961,"createTime":962,"updateTime":963,"relativeEntities":964,"slug":965,"properties":966,"entityType":245,"verifyStatus":246,"verifyTime":962,"verifyNote":247,"languages":980,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":981,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":982,"publicationType":269,"publisherRelationship":1120,"citationCount":1170,"citationInfo":1171,"publishDate":1175,"publishYear":1172,"citationAnalyzeStatus":324,"lastCitationAnalyze":1176,"indexDatabases":1177,"openAccess":20,"references":1178,"isForceReanalyzing":328},"68486025-f19c-4f85-8164-7906fe6012d0","2024-11-29T11:51:17.619+00:00","2026-07-23T00:46:16.385+00:00",[],"Neurologic-Complications-Associated-With-Influenza-A-in-Children-During-the-2003-2004-Influenza-Season-in-Houston-Texas",{"mag":967,"gsPaper":969,"openalex":970,"abstract":972,"title":974,"pm":976,"doi":978},{"VOID":968},"2123315869",{"VOID":234},{"VOID":971},"W2123315869",{"EN":973},"\u003Cjats:p>Objectives. Our objectives were to (1) describe the clinical characteristics of and viruses isolated from patients who presented with neurologic symptoms associated with influenza A infection and were hospitalized at Texas Children’s Hospital during October and November 2003 and (2) to raise awareness of the neurologic complications of influenza among US children.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Methods. We reviewed the medical and laboratory records of all children who were hospitalized with neurologic symptoms and who also had evidence of influenza virus infection by rapid antigen testing or viral isolation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Results. Eight children aged 5 months to 9 years with neurologic complications associated with influenza A were identified. None of the children had received the influenza vaccine. Four presented with seizures, 3 with mental status changes, and 1 with mutism. All but 1 of the patients had influenza A viral antigen detected in nasal wash samples. Influenza A virus was isolated in culture from nasal wash specimens obtained from 6 of the patients; influenza A virus was also isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 of these patients. None of the patients had serum metabolic abnormalities or other cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. Three of the patients had brain imaging abnormalities. Five of the patients were treated with antivirals. All 8 of the patients survived, 6 with complete recovery and 2 with sequelae (1 mild and 1 severe).\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Conclusions. Neurologic symptoms and sequelae were associated with influenza A virus infection in children during the 2003–2004 influenza season in Houston, Texas. 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Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:259–263",{"doi":1295},"10.1097\u002F01.inf.0000115631.99896.41",{"id":20,"text":1297,"url":20,"identifiers":1298},"Belay E, Bresee J, Holman R, Khan A, Shahriari A, Schonberger L. Reye's syndrome in the United States from 1981 through 1997. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1377–1382",{"doi":1299},"10.1056\u002FNEJM199905063401801",{"id":20,"text":1301,"url":20,"identifiers":1302},"Bridges C, Harper S, Fukuda K, Uyeki T, Cox N, Singleton J. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003;52:1–34",{},{"id":20,"text":1304,"url":20,"identifiers":1305},"Straumanis J, Tapia M, King J. Influenza B infection associated with encephalitis: treatment with oseltamivir. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:173–175",{"doi":1306},"10.1097\u002F00006454-200202000-00021",{"id":1308,"createTime":1309,"updateTime":1310,"relativeEntities":1311,"slug":1312,"properties":1313,"entityType":245,"verifyStatus":246,"verifyTime":1309,"verifyNote":247,"languages":1330,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1331,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1332,"publicationType":269,"publisherRelationship":1392,"citationCount":21,"citationInfo":1442,"publishDate":1445,"publishYear":1443,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":1446,"indexDatabases":1447,"openAccess":20,"references":1448,"isForceReanalyzing":328},"140c2a3b-9d6f-457f-8072-e9826f130201","2024-10-09T01:55:49.305+00:00","2026-07-22T19:12:31.363+00:00",[],"Comorbidity-Clusters-in-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders-An-Electronic-Health-Record-Time-Series-Analysis",{"mag":1314,"gsPaper":1316,"pmc":1318,"openalex":1320,"abstract":1322,"title":1324,"pm":1326,"doi":1328},{"VOID":1315},"2169767637",{"VOID":1317},"[\"8952823131498776530\"]",{"VOID":1319},"3876178",{"VOID":1321},"W2169767637",{"EN":1323},"\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>OBJECTIVE:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>The distinct trajectories of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have not been extensively studied, particularly regarding clinical manifestations beyond the neurobehavioral criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of co-occurrence of medical comorbidities in ASDs.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>METHODS:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes from patients aged at least 15 years and a diagnosis of ASD were obtained from electronic medical records. These codes were aggregated by using phenotype-wide association studies categories and processed into 1350-dimensional vectors describing the counts of the most common categories in 6-month blocks between the ages of 0 to 15. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify subgroups with distinct courses.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>RESULTS:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Four subgroups were identified. The first was characterized by seizures (n = 120, subgroup prevalence 77.5%). The second (n = 197) was characterized by multisystem disorders including gastrointestinal disorders (prevalence 24.3%) and auditory disorders and infections (prevalence 87.8%), and the third was characterized by psychiatric disorders (n = 212, prevalence 33.0%). The last group (n = 4316) could not be further resolved. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was uncorrelated with seizure activity (P = .17), but a significant correlation existed between gastrointestinal disorders and seizures (P < .001). The correlation results were replicated by using a second sample of 496 individuals from a different geographic region.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\u003Cjats:title>CONCLUSIONS:\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>Three distinct patterns of medical trajectories were identified by unsupervised clustering of electronic health record diagnoses. These may point to distinct etiologies with different genetic and environmental contributions. Additional clinical and molecular characterizations will be required to further delineate these subgroups.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":1325},"Comorbidity Clusters in Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Electronic Health Record Time-Series Analysis",{"VOID":1327},"24323995",{"VOID":1329},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.2013-0819",[249],"https:\u002F\u002Fpublications.aap.org\u002Fpediatrics\u002Farticle\u002F133\u002F1\u002Fe54\u002F68326\u002FComorbidity-Clusters-in-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders",[1333,1354,1375],{"id":1334,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1335,"affiliations":1336,"properties":1345,"displayName":1349,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"f66493c4-2935-45ee-a060-9e8de31d1013",[],[1337],{"id":1338,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1339,"properties":20},"461f88b3-ecc3-4588-a9d9-697591436f5b",{"id":1338,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1340,"slug":20,"properties":1341,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1344,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1342},{"EN":1343},"Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and",[],{"orcid":1346,"title":1348,"gsAuthor":1350,"openalex":1352},{"VOID":1347},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2886-3898",{"EN":1349},"Finale Doshi‐Velez",{"VOID":1351},"[\"hwQtFB0AAAAJ\"]",{"VOID":1353},"A5038771285",{"id":1355,"sortIndex":97,"researcher":20,"roles":1356,"affiliations":1357,"properties":1366,"displayName":1370,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"cd9fdf81-0796-4cbd-a627-2562f3b892ca",[],[1358],{"id":1359,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1360,"properties":20},"b5deaace-64f8-4df0-8232-2d7ef52b631f",{"id":1359,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1361,"slug":20,"properties":1362,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1365,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1363},{"EN":1364},"Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina",[],{"orcid":1367,"title":1369,"gsAuthor":1371,"openalex":1373},{"VOID":1368},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-9576-0293",{"EN":1370},"Yaorong Ge",{"VOID":1372},"[\"eC8fISIAAAAJ\"]",{"VOID":1374},"A5029749535",{"id":1376,"sortIndex":99,"researcher":20,"roles":1377,"affiliations":1378,"properties":1385,"displayName":1389,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"5dfc3324-5417-43a0-9794-dfdfb3807f78",[],[1379],{"id":1338,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1380,"properties":20},{"id":1338,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1381,"slug":20,"properties":1382,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1384,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1383},{"EN":1343},[],{"orcid":1386,"title":1388,"openalex":1390},{"VOID":1387},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2192-5160",{"EN":1389},"Isaac S. 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ers":1451},"Xue Ming, 2008, Autism spectrum disorders: concurrent clinical disorders., J Child Neurol, 23, 6, 10.1177\u002F0883073807307102",{"doi":1452},"10.1177\u002F0883073807307102",{"id":20,"text":1454,"url":20,"identifiers":1455},"Bauman, 2010, Medical comorbidities in autism: challenges to diagnosis and treatment., Neurotherapeutics, 7, 320, 10.1016\u002Fj.nurt.2010.06.001",{"doi":1456},"10.1016\u002Fj.nurt.2010.06.001",{"id":20,"text":1458,"url":20,"identifiers":1459},"Coury, 2010, Medical treatment of autism spectrum disorders., Curr Opin Neurol, 23, 131, 10.1097\u002FWCO.0b013e32833722fa",{"doi":1460},"10.1097\u002FWCO.0b013e32833722fa",{"id":20,"text":1462,"url":20,"identifiers":1463},"Smith, 1981, Abnormal head circumference in learning-disabled children, Dev Med Child Neurol, 23, 626, 10.1111\u002Fj.1469-8749.1981.tb02044.x",{"doi":1464},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-8749.1981.tb02044.x",{"id":20,"text":1466,"url":20,"identifiers":1467},"Kohane, 2012, The co-morbidity burden of children and young adults with autism spectrum disorders., PLoS ONE, 7, e33224, 10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0033224",{"doi":1468},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0033224",{"id":20,"text":1470,"url":20,"identifiers":1471},"Baio, 2012, Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders—Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States, 2008., MMWR Surveill Summ, 61, 1",{},{"id":20,"text":1473,"url":20,"identifiers":1474},"Horvath, 1999, Gastrointestinal abnormalities in children with autistic disorder., J Pediatr, 135, 559, 10.1016\u002FS0022-3476(99)70052-1",{"doi":1475},"10.1016\u002FS0022-3476(99)70052-1",{"id":20,"text":1477,"url":20,"identifiers":1478},"Horvath, 2002, Autistic disorder and gastrointestinal disease., Curr Opin Pediatr, 14, 583, 10.1097\u002F00008480-200210000-00004",{"doi":1479},"10.1097\u002F00008480-200210000-00004",{"id":20,"text":1481,"url":20,"identifiers":1482},"Mouridsen, 1999, Epilepsy in disintegrative psychosis and infantile autism: a long-term validation study., Dev Med Child Neurol, 41, 110, 10.1017\u002FS0012162299000213",{"doi":1483},"10.1017\u002FS0012162299000213",{"id":20,"text":1485,"url":20,"identifiers":1486},"Tuchman, 2002, Epilepsy in autism, Lancet Neurol, 352",{},{"id":20,"text":1488,"url":20,"identifiers":1489},"Richdale, 2009, Sleep problems in autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence, nature, and possible biopsychosocial etiologies., Sleep Med Rev, 13, 403, 10.1016\u002Fj.smrv.2009.02.003",{"doi":1490},"10.1016\u002Fj.smrv.2009.02.003",{"id":20,"text":1492,"url":20,"identifiers":1493},"Wu, 2005, Association of Duchenne muscular dystrophy with autism spectrum disorder., J Child Neurol, 20, 790, 10.1177\u002F08830738050200100201",{"doi":1494},"10.1177\u002F08830738050200100201",{"id":20,"text":1496,"url":20,"identifiers":1497},"Hendriksen, 2008, Neuropsychiatric disorders in males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: frequency rate of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder., J Child Neurol, 23, 477, 10.1177\u002F0883073807309775",{"doi":1498},"10.1177\u002F0883073807309775",{"id":20,"text":1500,"url":20,"identifiers":1501},"Hinton, 2009, Association of autistic spectrum disorders with dystrophinopathies., Pediatr Neurol, 41, 339, 10.1016\u002Fj.pediatrneurol.2009.05.011",{"doi":1502},"10.1016\u002Fj.pediatrneurol.2009.05.011",{"id":20,"text":1504,"url":20,"identifiers":1505},"Morgan, 2003, Psychiatric comorbidity and medication use in autism: a community survey., Psychiatr Bulletin, 378",{},{"id":20,"text":1507,"url":20,"identifiers":1508},"State, 2012, Neuroscience. The emerging biology of autism spectrum disorders., Science, 337, 1301, 10.1126\u002Fscience.1224989",{"doi":1509},"10.1126\u002Fscience.1224989",{"id":20,"text":1511,"url":20,"identifiers":1512},"Ingason, 2011, Copy number variations of chromosome 16p13.1 region associated with schizophrenia., Mol Psychiatry, 16, 17, 10.1038\u002Fmp.2009.101",{"doi":1513},"10.1038\u002Fmp.2009.101",{"id":20,"text":1515,"url":20,"identifiers":1516},"Smoller, 2013, Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: a genome-wide analysis., Lancet, 381, 1371, 10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(12)62129-1",{"doi":1517},"10.1016\u002FS0140-6736(12)62129-1",{"id":20,"text":1519,"url":20,"identifiers":1520},"Tabarés-Seisdedos, 2009, Chromosome 8p as a potential hub for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders: implications for schizophrenia, autism and cancer., Mol Psychiatry, 14, 563, 10.1038\u002Fmp.2009.2",{"doi":1521},"10.1038\u002Fmp.2009.2",{"id":20,"text":1523,"url":20,"identifiers":1524},"Murdoch, 2013, Recent developments in the genetics of autism spectrum disorders., Curr Opin Genet Dev, 23, 310, 10.1016\u002Fj.gde.2013.02.003",{"doi":1525},"10.1016\u002Fj.gde.2013.02.003",{"id":20,"text":1527,"url":20,"identifiers":1528},"Glaze, 2010, Epilepsy and the natural history of Rett syndrome., Neurology, 74, 909, 10.1212\u002FWNL.0b013e3181d6b852",{"doi":1529},"10.1212\u002FWNL.0b013e3181d6b852",{"id":20,"text":1531,"url":20,"identifiers":1532},"Bear, 2004, The mGluR theory of fragile X mental retardation., Trends Neurosci, 27, 370, 10.1016\u002Fj.tins.2004.04.009",{"doi":1533},"10.1016\u002Fj.tins.2004.04.009",{"id":20,"text":1535,"url":20,"identifiers":1536},"Garbett, 2012, Effects of maternal immune activation on gene expression patterns in the fetal brain., Transl Psychiatry, 2, e98, 10.1038\u002Ftp.2012.24",{"doi":1537},"10.1038\u002Ftp.2012.24",{"id":20,"text":1539,"url":20,"identifiers":1540},"Hagberg, 2012, Inflammation during fetal and neonatal life: implications for neurologic and neuropsychiatric disease in children and adults., Ann Neurol, 71, 444, 10.1002\u002Fana.22620",{"doi":1541},"10.1002\u002Fana.22620",{"id":20,"text":1543,"url":20,"identifiers":1544},"Atladóttir, 2010, Maternal infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders., J Autism Dev Disord, 40, 1423, 10.1007\u002Fs10803-010-1006-y",{"doi":1545},"10.1007\u002Fs10803-010-1006-y",{"id":20,"text":1547,"url":20,"identifiers":1548},"Jensen, 2012, Mining electronic health records: towards better research applications and clinical care., Nat Rev Genet, 13, 395, 10.1038\u002Fnrg3208",{"doi":1549},"10.1038\u002Fnrg3208",{"id":20,"text":1551,"url":20,"identifiers":1552},"Roque, 2011, Using electronic patient records to discover disease correlations and stratify patient cohorts., PLOS Comput Biol, 7, e1002141, 10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1002141",{"doi":1553},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pcbi.1002141",{"id":20,"text":1555,"url":20,"identifiers":1556},"Kohane, 2011, Using electronic health records to drive discovery in disease genomics., Nat Rev Genet, 12, 417, 10.1038\u002Fnrg2999",{"doi":1557},"10.1038\u002Fnrg2999",{"id":20,"text":1559,"url":20,"identifiers":1560},"Cao, 2008, Use abstracted patient-specific features to assist an information-theoretic measurement to assess similarity between medical cases., J Biomed Inform, 41, 882, 10.1016\u002Fj.jbi.2008.03.006",{"doi":1561},"10.1016\u002Fj.jbi.2008.03.006",{"id":20,"text":1563,"url":20,"identifiers":1564},"Melton, 2006, Inter-patient distance metrics using SNOMED CT defining relationships., J Biomed Inform, 39, 697, 10.1016\u002Fj.jbi.2006.01.004",{"doi":1565},"10.1016\u002Fj.jbi.2006.01.004",{"id":20,"text":1567,"url":20,"identifiers":1568},"Hivert, 2009, Identifying primary care patients at risk for future diabetes and cardiovascular disease using electronic health records., BMC Health Serv Res, 9, 170, 10.1186\u002F1472-6963-9-170",{"doi":1569},"10.1186\u002F1472-6963-9-170",{"id":20,"text":1571,"url":20,"identifiers":1572},"Carney, 2006, Medical comorbidity in women and men with bipolar disorders: a population-based controlled study., Psychosom Med, 68, 684, 10.1097\u002F01.psy.0000237316.09601.88",{"doi":1573},"10.1097\u002F01.psy.0000237316.09601.88",{"id":20,"text":1575,"url":20,"identifiers":1576},"Miles, 2005, Essential versus complex autism: definition of fundamental prognostic subtypes., Am J Med Genet A, 135, 171, 10.1002\u002Fajmg.a.30590",{"doi":1577},"10.1002\u002Fajmg.a.30590",{"id":20,"text":1579,"url":20,"identifiers":1580},"Wiggins, 2012, Support for a dimensional view of autism spectrum disorders in toddlers., J Autism Dev Disord, 42, 191, 10.1007\u002Fs10803-011-1230-0",{"doi":1581},"10.1007\u002Fs10803-011-1230-0",{"id":20,"text":1583,"url":20,"identifiers":1584},"Lane, 2010, Sensory processing subtypes in autism: association with adaptive behavior., J Autism Dev Disord, 40, 112, 10.1007\u002Fs10803-009-0840-2",{"doi":1585},"10.1007\u002Fs10803-009-0840-2",{"id":20,"text":1587,"url":20,"identifiers":1588},"Wing, 1979, Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children: epidemiology and classification., J Autism Dev Disord, 9, 11, 10.1007\u002FBF01531288",{"doi":1589},"10.1007\u002FBF01531288",{"id":20,"text":1591,"url":20,"identifiers":1592},"Ben-Sasson, 2008, Sensory clusters of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: differences in affective symptoms., J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 49, 817, 10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7610.2008.01899.x",{"doi":1593},"10.1111\u002Fj.1469-7610.2008.01899.x",{"id":20,"text":1595,"url":20,"identifiers":1596},"Bitsika, 2008, An exploratory analysis of the use of cognitive, adaptive and behavioural indices for cluster analysis of ASD subgroups., J Intellect Disabil Res, 52, 973, 10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2788.2008.01123.x",{"doi":1597},"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2788.2008.01123.x",{"id":20,"text":1599,"url":20,"identifiers":1600},"Hu, 2009, Novel clustering of items from the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised to define phenotypes within autism spectrum disorders., Autism Res, 2, 67, 10.1002\u002Faur.72",{"doi":1601},"10.1002\u002Faur.72",{"id":20,"text":1603,"url":20,"identifiers":1604},"Sacco, 2012, Cluster analysis of autistic patients based on principal pathogenetic components., Autism Res, 5, 137, 10.1002\u002Faur.1226",{"doi":1605},"10.1002\u002Faur.1226",{"id":20,"text":1607,"url":20,"identifiers":1608},"Murphy, 2010, Serving the enterprise and beyond with informatics for integrating biology and the bedside (i2b2)., J Am Med Inform Assoc, 17, 124, 10.1136\u002Fjamia.2009.000893",{"doi":1609},"10.1136\u002Fjamia.2009.000893",{"id":20,"text":1611,"url":20,"identifiers":1612},"Denny, 2010, PheWAS: demonstrating the feasibility of a phenome-wide scan to discover gene-disease associations., Bioinformatics, 26, 1205, 10.1093\u002Fbioinformatics\u002Fbtq126",{"doi":1613},"10.1093\u002Fbioinformatics\u002Fbtq126",{"id":20,"text":1615,"url":20,"identifiers":1616},"Tuchman, 2009, Convulsing toward the pathophysiology of autism., Brain Dev, 31, 95, 10.1016\u002Fj.braindev.2008.09.009",{"doi":1617},"10.1016\u002Fj.braindev.2008.09.009",{"id":20,"text":1619,"url":20,"identifiers":1620},"Sherr, 2003, The ARX story (epilepsy, mental retardation, autism, and cerebral malformations): one gene leads to many phenotypes., Curr Opin Pediatr, 15, 567, 10.1097\u002F00008480-200312000-00004",{"doi":1621},"10.1097\u002F00008480-200312000-00004",{"id":20,"text":1623,"url":20,"identifiers":1624},"Danielsson, 2005, Epilepsy in young adults with autism: a prospective population-based follow-up study of 120 individuals diagnosed in childhood., Epilepsia, 46, 918, 10.1111\u002Fj.1528-1167.2005.57504.x",{"doi":1625},"10.1111\u002Fj.1528-1167.2005.57504.x",{"id":20,"text":1627,"url":20,"identifiers":1628},"Surén, 2012, Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy in Norwegian children., Pediatrics, 130, 10.1542\u002Fpeds.2011-3217",{"doi":1629},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.2011-3217",{"id":20,"text":1631,"url":20,"identifiers":1632},"Talkowski, 2012, Disruption of a large intergenic noncoding RNA in subjects with neurodevelopmental disabilities., Am J Hum Genet, 91, 1128, 10.1016\u002Fj.ajhg.2012.10.016",{"doi":1633},"10.1016\u002Fj.ajhg.2012.10.016",{"id":20,"text":1635,"url":20,"identifiers":1636},"Porges, 2013, Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and auditory processing in autism: modifiable deficits of an integrated social engagement system?, Int J Psychophysiol, 88, 261, 10.1016\u002Fj.ijpsycho.2012.11.009",{"doi":1637},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijpsycho.2012.11.009",{"id":20,"text":1639,"url":20,"identifiers":1640},"Becker, 2007, Autism, asthma, inflammation, and the hygiene hypothesis., Med Hypotheses, 69, 731, 10.1016\u002Fj.mehy.2007.02.019",{"doi":1641},"10.1016\u002Fj.mehy.2007.02.019",{"id":20,"text":1643,"url":20,"identifiers":1644},"Miller, 2005, Autism associated with conditions characterized by developmental errors in early embryogenesis: a mini review., Int J Dev Neurosci, 23, 201, 10.1016\u002Fj.ijdevneu.2004.06.007",{"doi":1645},"10.1016\u002Fj.ijdevneu.2004.06.007",{"id":20,"text":1647,"url":20,"identifiers":1648},"Konstantareas, 1987, Ear infections in autistic and normal children., J Autism Dev Disord, 17, 585, 10.1007\u002FBF01486973",{"doi":1649},"10.1007\u002FBF01486973",{"id":20,"text":1651,"url":20,"identifiers":1652},"Rosenhall, 1999, Autism and hearing loss., J Autism Dev Disord, 29, 349, 10.1023\u002FA:1023022709710",{"doi":1653},"10.1023\u002FA:1023022709710",{"id":20,"text":1655,"url":20,"identifiers":1656},"Ashwood, 2011, Elevated plasma cytokines in autism spectrum disorders provide evidence of immune dysfunction and are associated with impaired behavioral outcome., Brain Behav Immun, 25, 40, 10.1016\u002Fj.bbi.2010.08.003",{"doi":1657},"10.1016\u002Fj.bbi.2010.08.003",{"id":20,"text":1659,"url":20,"identifiers":1660},"Enstrom, 2010, Differential monocyte responses to TLR ligands in children with autism spectrum disorders., Brain Behav Immun, 24, 64, 10.1016\u002Fj.bbi.2009.08.001",{"doi":1661},"10.1016\u002Fj.bbi.2009.08.001",{"id":20,"text":1663,"url":20,"identifiers":1664},"Enstrom, 2009, Altered gene expression and function of peripheral blood natural killer cells in children with autism., Brain Behav Immun, 23, 124, 10.1016\u002Fj.bbi.2008.08.001",{"doi":1665},"10.1016\u002Fj.bbi.2008.08.001",{"id":20,"text":1667,"url":20,"identifiers":1668},"Liao, 2010, CaV1.2 channelopathies: from arrhythmias to autism, bipolar disorder, and immunodeficiency., Pflugers Arch, 460, 353, 10.1007\u002Fs00424-009-0753-0",{"doi":1669},"10.1007\u002Fs00424-009-0753-0",{"id":20,"text":1671,"url":20,"identifiers":1672},"Gillott, 2001, Anxiety in high-functioning children with autism., Autism, 5, 277, 10.1177\u002F1362361301005003005",{"doi":1673},"10.1177\u002F1362361301005003005",{"id":20,"text":1675,"url":20,"identifiers":1676},"DeLong, 1988, Correlation of family history with specific autistic subgroups: Asperger’s syndrome and bipolar affective disease., J Autism Dev Disord, 18, 593, 10.1007\u002FBF02211877",{"doi":1677},"10.1007\u002FBF02211877",{"id":20,"text":1679,"url":20,"identifiers":1680},"Fabbro, 2012, Depression and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS)., Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 21, 379, 10.1007\u002Fs00787-012-0273-x",{"doi":1681},"10.1007\u002Fs00787-012-0273-x",{"id":20,"text":1683,"url":20,"identifiers":1684},"Kubzansky, 1998, Anxiety and coronary heart disease: a synthesis of epidemiological, psychological, and experimental evidence., Ann Behav Med, 20, 47, 10.1007\u002FBF02884448",{"doi":1685},"10.1007\u002FBF02884448",{"id":20,"text":1687,"url":20,"identifiers":1688},"Watkins, 1998, Anxiety and vagal control of heart rate., Psychosom Med, 60, 498, 10.1097\u002F00006842-199807000-00018",{"doi":1689},"10.1097\u002F00006842-199807000-00018",{"id":20,"text":1691,"url":20,"identifiers":1692},"Stapelberg, 2012, Mind and heart: heart rate variability in major depressive disorder and coronary heart disease–a review and recommendations., Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 46, 946, 10.1177\u002F0004867412444624",{"doi":1693},"10.1177\u002F0004867412444624",{"id":20,"text":1695,"url":20,"identifiers":1696},"Witchel, 2003, Psychotropic drugs, cardiac arrhythmia, and sudden death., J Clin Psychopharmacol, 23, 58, 10.1097\u002F00004714-200302000-00010",{"doi":1697},"10.1097\u002F00004714-200302000-00010",{"id":20,"text":1699,"url":20,"identifiers":1700},"Taylor, 2008, Antidepressant drugs and cardiovascular pathology: a clinical overview of effectiveness and safety., Acta Psychiatr Scand, 118, 434, 10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0447.2008.01260.x",{"doi":1701},"10.1111\u002Fj.1600-0447.2008.01260.x",{"id":20,"text":1703,"url":20,"identifiers":1704},"Liu, 2013, Analysis of rare, exonic variation amongst subjects with autism spectrum disorders and population controls., PLoS Genet, 9, e1003443, 10.1371\u002Fjournal.pgen.1003443",{"doi":1705},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pgen.1003443",{"id":20,"text":1707,"url":20,"identifiers":1708},"Yu, 2013, Using whole-exome sequencing to identify inherited causes of autism., Neuron, 77, 259, 10.1016\u002Fj.neuron.2012.11.002",{"doi":1709},"10.1016\u002Fj.neuron.2012.11.002",{"id":20,"text":1711,"url":20,"identifiers":1712},"Michaelson, 2012, Whole-genome sequencing in autism identifies hot spots for de novo germline mutation., Cell, 151, 1431, 10.1016\u002Fj.cell.2012.11.019",{"doi":1713},"10.1016\u002Fj.cell.2012.11.019",{"id":20,"text":1715,"url":20,"identifiers":1716},"Kong, 2012, Characteristics and predictive value of blood transcriptome signature in males with autism spectrum disorders., PLoS ONE, 7, e49475, 10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0049475",{"doi":1717},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pone.0049475",{"id":20,"text":1719,"url":20,"identifiers":1720},"Masys, 2012, Designing a public square for research computing., Sci Transl Med, 4, 49fs32, 10.1126\u002Fscitranslmed.3004032",{"doi":1721},"10.1126\u002Fscitranslmed.3004032",{"id":1723,"createTime":1724,"updateTime":1725,"relativeEntities":1726,"slug":1727,"properties":1728,"entityType":245,"verifyStatus":246,"verifyTime":1724,"verifyNote":247,"languages":1743,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1744,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1745,"publicationType":269,"publisherRelationship":1869,"citationCount":1918,"citationInfo":1919,"publishDate":1923,"publishYear":1920,"citationAnalyzeStatus":1924,"lastCitationAnalyze":1925,"indexDatabases":1926,"openAccess":20,"references":1927,"isForceReanalyzing":328},"efe34878-b1e8-44af-8078-90a1192ea2c2","2024-09-26T16:40:21.041+00:00","2026-07-16T21:11:13.388+00:00",[],"Hunger-Its-Impact-on-Children-s-Health-and-Mental-Health",{"mag":1729,"gsPaper":1731,"openalex":1733,"abstract":1735,"title":1737,"pm":1739,"doi":1741},{"VOID":1730},"2131055261",{"VOID":1732},"[\"11664302667251936227\"]",{"VOID":1734},"W2131055261",{"EN":1736},"\u003Cjats:p>Objective. Hunger, with its adverse consequences for children, continues to be an important national problem. Previous studies that document the deleterious effects of hunger among children cannot distinguish child from family hunger and do not take into account some critical environmental, maternal, and child variables that may influence child outcomes. This study examines the independent contribution of child hunger on children’s physical and mental health and academic functioning, when controlling for a range of environmental, maternal, and child factors that have also been associated with poor outcomes among children.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Methods. With the use of standardized tools, comprehensive demographic, psychosocial, and health data were collected in Worcester, Massachusetts, from homeless and low-income housed mothers and their children (180 preschool-aged children and 228 school-aged children). Mothers and children were part of a larger unmatched case-control study of homelessness among female-headed households. Hunger was measured by a set of 7 dichotomous items, each asking the mother whether she has or her children have experienced a particular aspect of hunger during the past year—1 concerns food insecurity for the entire family, 2 concern adult hunger, and 4 involve child hunger. The items, taken from the Childhood Hunger Identification Project measure, are summed to classify the family and divided into 3 categories: no hunger, adult or moderate child hunger, or severe child hunger (indicating multiple signs of child hunger). Outcome measures included children’s chronic health condition count using questions adapted from the National Health Interview Survey, Child Health Supplement, and internalizing behavior problems and anxiety\u002Fdepression, measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. Additional covariates included demographic variables (ie, age, gender, ethnicity, housing status, number of moves, family size, income), low birth weight, child life events (ie, care and protection order, out of home placement, abuse, severe life events count), developmental problems (ie, developmental delay, learning disability, emotional problems), and mother’s distress and psychiatric illness. Multivariate regression analyses examined the effect of child hunger on physical and mental health outcomes.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Results. The average family size for both preschoolers and school-aged children was 3; about one third of both groups were white and 40% Puerto Rican. The average income of families was approximately $11 000. Among the school-aged children, on average 10 years old, 50% experienced moderate child hunger and 16% severe child hunger. Compared with those with no hunger, school-aged children with severe hunger were more likely to be homeless (56% vs 29%), have low birth weights (23% vs 6%), and have more stressful life events (9 vs 6) when compared with those with no hunger. School-aged children with severe hunger scores had parent-reported anxiety scores that were more than double the scores for children with no hunger and significantly higher chronic illness counts (3.4 vs 1.8) and internalizing behavior problems when compared with children with no hunger. There was no relationship between hunger and academic achievement.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Among preschool-aged children, who averaged 4 years of age, 51% experienced moderate child hunger and 8% severe child hunger. For preschoolers, compared with children with no hunger, severe hunger was associated with homelessness (75% vs 48%), more traumatic life events (8.5 vs 6), low birth weight (23% vs 6%), and higher levels of chronic illness and internalizing behavior problems. Mothers of both preschoolers and school-aged children who reported severe hunger were more likely to have a lifetime diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>For school-aged children, severe hunger was a significant predictor of chronic illness after controlling for housing status, mother’s distress, low birth weight, and child live events. For preschoolers, moderate hunger was a significant predictor of health conditions while controlling for potential explanatory factors. For both preschoolers and school-aged children, severe child hunger was associated with higher levels of internalizing behavior problems. After controlling for housing status, mother’s distress, and stressful life events, severe child hunger was also associated with higher reported anxiety\u002Fdepression among school-aged children.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\u003Cjats:p>Conclusion. This study goes beyond previous research and highlights the independent relationship between severe child hunger and adverse physical health and mental health outcomes among low-income children. Study findings underscore the importance of clinical recognition of child hunger and its outcomes, allowing for preventive interventions and efforts to increase access to food-related resources for families.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":1738},"Hunger: Its Impact on Children’s Health and Mental Health",{"VOID":1740},"12359814",{"VOID":1742},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.110.4.e41",[249],"https:\u002F\u002Fpublications.aap.org\u002Fpediatrics\u002Farticle\u002F110\u002F4\u002Fe41\u002F64550\u002FHunger-Its-Impact-on-Children-s-Health-and-Mental",[1746,1763,1780,1799,1816,1833,1850],{"id":1747,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1748,"affiliations":1749,"properties":1758,"displayName":1760,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"c66f0455-b86d-412e-8e27-1bc3b7e54f28",[],[1750],{"id":1751,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1752,"properties":20},"81f26d11-6331-4c28-b2cc-4aa5420b85f9",{"id":1751,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1753,"slug":20,"properties":1754,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1757,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1755},{"VI":1756},"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health",[],{"title":1759,"openalex":1761},{"EN":1760},"Linda Weinreb",{"VOID":1762},"A5062759767",{"id":1764,"sortIndex":97,"researcher":20,"roles":1765,"affiliations":1766,"properties":1775,"displayName":1777,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"a6743ad1-ec21-466d-b7e7-e59d81e56e29",[],[1767],{"id":1768,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1769,"properties":20},"27e7c59e-dbcd-4ff6-87f8-109981b6b6b0",{"id":1768,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1770,"slug":20,"properties":1771,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1774,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1772},{"VI":1773},"University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts",[],{"title":1776,"openalex":1778},{"EN":1777},"Cheryl Wehler",{"VOID":1779},"A5021089345",{"id":1781,"sortIndex":99,"researcher":20,"roles":1782,"affiliations":1783,"properties":1792,"displayName":1796,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"60a9f9e5-5270-4b20-b5c8-ecb9dc9ee2c4",[],[1784],{"id":1785,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1786,"properties":20},"55999777-78b3-429b-a355-9f796c84e069",{"id":1785,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1787,"slug":20,"properties":1788,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1791,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1789},{"EN":1790},"Heller School, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts",[],{"orcid":1793,"title":1795,"openalex":1797},{"VOID":1794},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-1118-8734",{"EN":1796},"Jennifer Perloff",{"VOID":1798},"A5080616525",{"id":1800,"sortIndex":100,"researcher":20,"roles":1801,"affiliations":1802,"properties":1811,"displayName":1813,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"be415a4c-4afe-410a-99b2-45e728b9f430",[],[1803],{"id":1804,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1805,"properties":20},"1e199902-6302-4c79-9eb0-9308ca59e3d8",{"id":1804,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1806,"slug":20,"properties":1807,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1810,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1808},{"EN":1809},"Honors College, Conway, Arkansas",[],{"title":1812,"openalex":1814},{"EN":1813},"Richard Ira Scott",{"VOID":1815},"A5024866372",{"id":1817,"sortIndex":101,"researcher":20,"roles":1818,"affiliations":1819,"properties":1828,"displayName":1830,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"6be61248-46b9-4b69-b420-78e01912a9e4",[],[1820],{"id":1821,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1822,"properties":20},"ceddc693-aa6b-4d61-a78b-17743a7c7158",{"id":1821,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1823,"slug":20,"properties":1824,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1827,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1825},{"EN":1826},"University of Massachusetts School of Public Health, Worcester, Massachusetts",[],{"title":1829,"openalex":1831},{"EN":1830},"David W. 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                 \u003Cjats:title>Objective.\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>A new once-a-day methylphenidate (MPH) formulation, Concerta (methylphenidate HCl) extended-release tablets (OROS MPH), has been developed. This study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of OROS MPH in a multicenter, randomized, clinical trial.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\n               \u003Cjats:sec>\n                  \u003Cjats:title>Methods.\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                  \u003Cjats:p>Children with attention-deficit\u002Fhyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 282), all subtypes, ages 6 to 12 years, were randomized to placebo (n = 90), immediate-release methylphenidate (IR MPH) 3 times a day (tid; dosed every 4 hours; n = 97), or OROS MPH once a day (qd;n = 95) in a double-blind, 28-day trial. Outcomes in multiple domains were assessed, and data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Kaplan Meier product limit estimates for time to study cessation. 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Scale (CGI)., Psychopharmacol Bull, 21, 809",{},{"id":20,"text":2537,"url":20,"identifiers":2538},"Emslie, 1997, A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, 1031, 10.1001\u002Farchpsyc.1997.01830230069010",{"doi":2539},"10.1001\u002Farchpsyc.1997.01830230069010",{"id":20,"text":2541,"url":20,"identifiers":2542},"Modi, 2000, Single and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of an oral once-a-day osmotic controlled release OROS (methylphenidate HCl) formulation., J Clin Pharmacol, 40, 379, 10.1177\u002F00912700022009080",{"doi":2543},"10.1177\u002F00912700022009080",{"id":20,"text":2545,"url":20,"identifiers":2546},"Swanson, 2001, Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA: success rates based on severity of symptoms at the end of treatment., J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 40, 168, 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6-month-old Mark Addison Roe of Greenwich, CT, died suddenly and unexpectedly in October 1958, his parents were told that the cause was \"acute bronchial pneumonia.\" In those days, \"it\" was called by many names, such as suffocation, overlaying, aspiration, or various forms of pneumonia. The common thread was that all of the terms connoted that parents were either directly, or indirectly, by virtue of failing to secure medical care, responsible for the infant's death.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Mark's death might have been the end of it were it not for the existence of a life insurance policy that his grandparents had bought at the time of his birth.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2576},"Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the National Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Foundation",{"VOID":2578},"3399302",{"VOID":2580},"10.1542\u002Fpeds.82.2.272","2024-09-02T09:25:31.596+00:00",[249],"https:\u002F\u002Fpublications.aap.org\u002Fpediatrics\u002Farticle\u002F82\u002F2\u002F272\u002F55078\u002FTwenty-Fifth-Anniversary-of-the-National-Sudden",[2585],{"id":2586,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":2587,"affiliations":2588,"properties":2597,"displayName":2599,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"34c192ab-8a6f-4aeb-bf65-ac77918176d6",[],[2589],{"id":2590,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":2591,"properties":20},"7c4daaac-127f-487d-856f-4ec4a79d130e",{"id":2590,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":2592,"slug":20,"properties":2593,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":2596,"statistic":20},[],{"title":2594},{"EN":2595},"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle",[],{"title":2598,"openalex":2600},{"EN":2599},"Abraham B. 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"publishYear":2821,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":2661,"indexDatabases":2824,"openAccess":20,"references":2825,"isForceReanalyzing":328},"36cd388e-be51-4287-8050-1fd2ad63b77f","2024-10-04T17:02:46.673+00:00","2026-04-14T19:49:43.204+00:00",[],"Does-Stimulant-Therapy-of-Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder-Beget-Later-Substance-Abuse-A-Meta-analytic-Review-of-the-Literature",{"mag":2665,"gsPaper":2667,"openalex":2669,"abstract":2671,"title":2673,"pm":2675,"doi":2677},{"VOID":2666},"2131627337",{"VOID":2668},"[\"13770528102987999720\"]",{"VOID":2670},"W2131627337",{"EN":2672},"\u003Cjats:p>Objective.Concerns exist that stimulant therapy of youths with attention-deficit\u002Fhyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may result in an increased risk for subsequent substance use disorders (SUD). We investigated all long-term studies in which pharmacologically treated and untreated youths with ADHD were examined for later SUD outcomes.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Methods.A search of all available prospective and retrospective studies of children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD that had information relating childhood exposure to stimulant therapy and later SUD outcome in adolescence or adulthood was conducted through PubMed supplemented with data from scientific presentations. Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between stimulant therapy and subsequent SUD in youths with ADHD in general while addressing specifically differential effects on alcohol use disorders or drug use disorders and the potential effects of covariates.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Results.Six studies—2 with follow-up in adolescence and 4 in young adulthood—were included and comprised 674 medicated subjects and 360 unmedicated subjects who were followed at least 4 years. The pooled estimate of the odds ratio indicated a 1.9-fold reduction in risk for SUD in youths who were treated with stimulants compared with youths who did not receive pharmacotherapy for ADHD (z = 2.1; 95% confidence interval for odds ratio [OR]: 1.1–3.6). We found similar reductions in risk for later drug and alcohol use disorders (z = 1.1). Studies that reported follow-up into adolescence showed a greater protective effect on the development of SUD (OR: 5.8) than studies that followed subjects into adulthood (OR: 1.4). Additional analyses showed that the results could not be accounted for by any single study or by publication bias.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n               \u003Cjats:p>Conclusion.Our results suggest that stimulant therapy in childhood is associated with a reduction in the risk for subsequent drug and alcohol use disorders.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":2674},"Does Stimulant Therapy of Attention-Deficit\u002FHyperactivity Disorder Beget Later Substance Abuse? 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