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The objectives of this study were to translate the DASH from English to Portuguese and to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of this translated instrument for Portugal and Brazil. A forward translation of the DASH score sheets and Rater’s Handbook was accomplished and reviewed by authors from both Portuguese-speaking countries to reach the consensus harmonized version. A backward translation was reviewed by the original authors and discussed with the authors to produce the approved harmonized translation. This was then tested through a questionnaire to assess clarity, comprehensiveness, appropriateness, and cultural relevance among 10 simulation specialists from Portugal and Brazil. During the forward translation, 19 discrepancies were detected in the Portuguese DASH. After backward translation, 7 discrepancies were discussed and harmonized. All 10 simulation specialists from both countries reviewed the harmonized translation and made 70 suggestions, 64 of which were incorporated in the instrument after discussion among authors. The translated DASH has undergone translation to Portuguese and a cross-cultural adaptation across Portugal and Brazil. It may be used to assess debriefings in healthcare settings in these countries.",{"EN":107},"Translation of the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare in Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation for Portugal and Brazil",{"VOID":109},"[\"9398352157945013117\"]",{"VOID":111},"Kolbe M, Grande B, Spahn DR. Briefing and debriefing during simulation-based training and beyond: content, structure, attitude and setting. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2015;29(1):87–96. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.bpa.2015.01.002.\nRudolph JW, Simon R, Raemer DB, Eppich WJ. Debriefing as formative assessment: closing performance gaps in medical education. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(11):1010–6. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1553-2712.2008.00248.x.\nCheng A, Eppich W, Grant V, Sherbino J, Zendejas B, Cook DA. Debriefing for technology-enhanced simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Educ. 2014;48(7):657–66. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fmedu.12432.\nBrett-Fleegler M, Rudolph J, Eppich W, Monuteaux M, Fleegler E, Cheng A, et al. Debriefing assessment for simulation in healthcare: development and psychometric properties. Simul Healthc J Soc Simul Healthc. 2012;7(5):288–94. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FSIH.0b013e3182620228.\nDebriefing Experience Scale: development of a tool to evaluate the student learning experience in debriefing - clinical simulation in nursing. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nursingsimulation.org\u002Farticle\u002FS1876-1399%2811%2900251-9\u002Fabstract. Cited 2021 May 5\ndos Santos Almeida RG, Mazzo A, Martins JCA, Coutinho VRD, Jorge BM, Mendes IAC, et al. Validação para a língua portuguesa da Debriefing Experience Scale. Rev Bras Enferm. 2016;69(4):705–11.\nCoutinho VRD, Martins JCA, de Pereira M FCR. Construção e Validação da Escala de Avaliação do Debriefing associado à Simulação (EADaS). Rev Enferm Referência. 2014;IV(2):41–50.\nArora S, Ahmed M, Paige J, Nestel D, Runnacles J, Hull L, et al. Objective structured assessment of debriefing: bringing science to the art of debriefing in surgery. Ann Surg. 2012;256(6):982–8. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FSLA.0b013e3182610c91.\nRunnacles J, Thomas L, Sevdalis N, Kneebone R, Arora S. Development of a tool to improve performance debriefing and learning: the paediatric Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD) tool. Postgrad Med J. 2014;90(1069):613–21. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1136\u002Fpostgradmedj-2012-131676.\nZamjahn JB, Baroni de Carvalho R, Bronson MH, Garbee DD, Paige JT. eAssessment: development of an electronic version of the Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing tool to streamline evaluation of video recorded debriefings. J Am Med Inform Assoc JAMIA. 2018;25(10):1284–91. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fjamia\u002Focy113.\nSaylor JL, Wainwright SF, Herge EA, Pohlig RT. Peer-Assessment Debriefing Instrument (PADI): Assessing Faculty Effectiveness in Simulation Education. J Allied Health. 2016;45(3):e27–30.\nMuller-Botti S, Maestre JM, del Moral I, Fey M, Simon R. Linguistic validation of the debriefing assessment for simulation in healthcare in Spanish and cultural validation for 8 Spanish speaking countries. Simul Healthc. 2020; Publish Ahead of Print. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.lww.com\u002Fsimulationinhealthcare\u002FAbstract\u002F9000\u002FLinguistic_Validation_of_the_Debriefing_Assessment.99474.aspx. Cited 2020 Dec 30.\nBarreiro A, Wittmann LH, Pereira MJ. Lexical differences between European and Brazilian Portuguese. INESC J Res Dev. 1996;5(2): 75–101.\nKato MA, Martins AM. European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese. In: Wetzels WL, Costa J, Menuzzi S, eds. The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002F9781118791844.ch2. Accessed 25 May 2021.\nWild D, Eremenco S, Mear I, Martin M, Houchin C, Gawlicki M, et al. Multinational trials-recommendations on the translations required, approaches to using the same language in different countries, and the approaches to support pooling the data: the ISPOR Patient-Reported Outcomes Translation and Linguistic Validation Good Research Practices Task Force report. Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res. 2009 Jun;12(4):430–40.\nSJR - International Science Ranking. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scimagojr.com\u002Fcountryrank.php. Cited 2021 May 3\nPiault E, Doshi S, Brandt BA, Angün Ç, Evans CJ, Bergqvist A, et al. Linguistic validation of translation of the Self-Assessment Goal Achievement (SAGA) questionnaire from English. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10(1):40. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002F1477-7525-10-40.\nWild D, Grove A, Martin M, Eremenco S, McElroy S, Verjee-Lorenz A, et al. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value Health J Int Soc Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res. 2005;8(2):94–104. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1524-4733.2005.04054.x.\nWHO | Process of translation and adaptation of instruments. WHO. World Health Organization. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fsubstance_abuse\u002Fresearch_tools\u002Ftranslation\u002Fen\u002F. Cited 2020 Dec 30.\nSousa VD, Rojjanasrirat W. Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. J Eval Clin Pract. 2011;17(2):268–74. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2753.2010.01434.x.\nBehr D. Assessing the use of back translation: the shortcomings of back translation as a quality testing method. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2017;20(6):573–84. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F13645579.2016.1252188.\nManeesriwongul W, Dixon JK. Instrument translation process: a methods review. J Adv Nurs. 2004;48(2):175–86. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2648.2004.03185.x.\nPeña ED. Lost in translation: methodological considerations in cross-cultural research. 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Case reports and their importance in medical literature. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67(3):451–3.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"doi":341},"10.1007\u002Fs10440-022-00541-7",{"id":337,"text":343,"url":339,"identifiers":344},"Davies P. What is evidence-based education? Brit J Educ Stud. 1999;47(2):108–21.",{"doi":341},{"id":346,"text":347,"url":348,"identifiers":349},"858ecf3d-c261-4451-a858-5cc928b1a7e3","Cheng A, Kessler D, Mackinnon R, Chang TP, Nadkarni VM, Hunt EA, et al. Reporting guidelines for health care simulation research: extensions to the CONSORT and STROBE statements. Adv Simul. 2016;1(1):25.","https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-016-0025-y",{"doi":350},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-016-0025-y",{"id":337,"text":352,"url":339,"identifiers":353},"James W. Varieties of religious experience: a study in human nature. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co; 1917.p15",{"doi":341},{"id":337,"text":355,"url":339,"identifiers":356},"Weller JM, Nestel D, Marshall SD, Brooks PM, Conn JJ. Simulation in clinical teaching and learning. Med J Aust. 2012;196(9):594.",{"doi":341},{"id":358,"text":359,"url":360,"identifiers":361},"6890f206-9ac1-41ad-af22-f86183084d09","Walker S, Nestel D. Interprofessional simulation in a student community clinic: insights from an educational framework and contact theory. Adv Simul (Lond). 2019;to be confirmed:to be confirmed.","https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-019-0106-9",{"doi":362},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-019-0106-9",{"id":337,"text":364,"url":339,"identifiers":365},"Reeves N, Waite M, Tuttle N. Simulated patient contributions to enhancing exercise physiology student clinical assessment skills. Adv Simul (Lond). 2019:to be confirmed.",{"doi":341},{"id":20,"text":367,"url":20,"identifiers":368},"O'Shea M, Reeves N, Bialocerkowski A. An inter-professional, telehealth diabetes human-patient simulation with students from Nutrition and Dietetics and Exercise Physiology. Adv Simul (Lond). 2019:to be confirmed.",{},{"id":20,"text":370,"url":20,"identifiers":371},"Edwards S, Tuttle N. Using stakeholder input to inform scenario content of simulated learning environments: an example case. Adv Simul (Lond). 2019:to be confirmed.",{},{"id":337,"text":373,"url":339,"identifiers":374},"Tuttle N, Horan S. The effect of replacing one week of content teaching with an intensive simulation-based learning activity on physiotherapy student clinical placement performance. Adv Simul (Lond). 2019:to be confirmed.",{"doi":341},{"id":20,"text":376,"url":20,"identifiers":377},"Howells S, Cardell E, Waite M, Bialocerkowski A, Tuttle N. Augmentative and alternative communication skill development in speech-language pathology through telepractice simulation. Adv Simul (Lond). 2019:to be confirmed.",{},{"id":20,"text":379,"url":20,"identifiers":380},"Nestel D. Open access publishing in health and social care simulation research. Adv Simul (Lond). 2016;1:2.",{},{"id":382,"createTime":383,"updateTime":384,"relativeEntities":385,"slug":386,"properties":387,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":404,"verifyNote":117,"languages":405,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":407,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":408,"publicationType":211,"publisherRelationship":494,"citationCount":73,"citationInfo":525,"publishDate":529,"publishYear":526,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":530,"indexDatabases":531,"openAccess":20,"references":532,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"8524664a-bc70-4ac5-801e-d6ad9846b75d","2024-04-20T03:57:16.492+00:00","2026-04-18T14:31:47.842+00:00",[],"SAFEE-A-Debriefing-Tool-to-Identify-Latent-Conditions-in-Simulation-based-Hospital-Design-Testing",{"mag":388,"gsPaper":390,"pmc":392,"openalex":394,"abstract":396,"title":398,"pm":400,"doi":402},{"VOID":389},"3046137170",{"VOID":391},"[\"4280114187152177265\"]",{"VOID":393},"7384892",{"VOID":395},"W3046137170",{"EN":397},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:p>In the process of hospital planning and design, the ability to mitigate risk is imperative and practical as design decisions made early can lead to unintended downstream effects that may lead to patient harm. Simulation has been applied as a strategy to identify system gaps and safety threats with the goal to mitigate risk and improve patient outcomes. Early in the pre-construction phase of design development for a new free-standing children’s hospital, Simulation-based Hospital Design Testing (SbHDT) was conducted in a full-scale mock-up. This allowed healthcare teams and architects to actively witness care providing an avenue to study the interaction of humans with their environment, enabling effectively identification of latent conditions that may lay dormant in proposed design features. In order to successfully identify latent conditions in the physical environment and understand the impact of those latent conditions, a specific debriefing framework focused on the built environment was developed and implemented. This article provides a rationale for an approach to debriefing that specifically focuses on the built environment and describes SAFEE, a debriefing guide for simulationists looking to conduct SbHDT.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>",{"EN":399},"SAFEE: A Debriefing Tool to Identify Latent Conditions in Simulation-based Hospital Design Testing",{"VOID":401},"32733695",{"VOID":403},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-020-00132-2","2024-04-24T00:20:48.811+00:00",[406],"EN","https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-020-00132-2",[409,428,445,462,479],{"id":410,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":411,"affiliations":412,"properties":421,"displayName":425,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"fcef0841-94d1-4137-b037-78cacb5946ab",[],[413],{"id":414,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":415,"properties":20},"52356985-9f57-4955-9c28-c78048187df6",{"id":414,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":416,"slug":20,"properties":417,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":420,"statistic":20},[],{"title":418},{"EN":419},"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Division of Critical Care, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA",[],{"orcid":422,"title":424,"openalex":426},{"VOID":423},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9475-3246",{"EN":425},"Nora Colman",{"VOID":427},"A5051503682",{"id":429,"sortIndex":138,"researcher":20,"roles":430,"affiliations":431,"properties":440,"displayName":442,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"a4ca6ba4-0326-48a9-b8ac-7f44375f2ce1",[],[432],{"id":433,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":434,"properties":20},"7805f6b0-7a4f-4206-a815-392caaf8c225",{"id":433,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":435,"slug":20,"properties":436,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":439,"statistic":20},[],{"title":437},{"EN":438},"Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 1575 Northeast Expressway, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA",[],{"title":441,"openalex":443},{"EN":442},"Ashley Dalpiaz",{"VOID":444},"A5005563224",{"id":446,"sortIndex":154,"researcher":20,"roles":447,"affiliations":448,"properties":457,"displayName":459,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"3371c6a9-7a6c-4d34-9b36-896fbc3ee3c0",[],[449],{"id":450,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":451,"properties":20},"d618b2b2-2199-471f-b551-ac67e428986c",{"id":450,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":452,"slug":20,"properties":453,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":456,"statistic":20},[],{"title":454},{"EN":455},"EYP Architecture and Engineering, 100 Peachtree St NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA",[],{"title":458,"openalex":460},{"EN":459},"Sarah Walter",{"VOID":461},"A5045489502",{"id":463,"sortIndex":168,"researcher":20,"roles":464,"affiliations":465,"properties":474,"displayName":476,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"29eed558-3815-488a-b862-49347b77c2ee",[],[466],{"id":467,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":468,"properties":20},"f724d02c-5e78-4602-a8a0-ce97a834cc1e",{"id":467,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":469,"slug":20,"properties":470,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":473,"statistic":20},[],{"title":471},{"EN":472},"ESa (Earl Swensson Associates), 1033 Demonbreun St., Suite #800, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA",[],{"title":475,"openalex":477},{"EN":476},"Misty Chambers",{"VOID":478},"A5037683318",{"id":480,"sortIndex":184,"researcher":20,"roles":481,"affiliations":482,"properties":489,"displayName":491,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"915ec5a7-da57-4ab3-b2c4-20f4a31c62ba",[],[483],{"id":414,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":484,"properties":20},{"id":414,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":485,"slug":20,"properties":486,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":488,"statistic":20},[],{"title":487},{"EN":419},[],{"title":490,"openalex":492},{"EN":491},"Kiran 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P, Schoofs Hundt A, Karsh BT, Gurses AP, Alvarado CJ, Smith M, et al. Work system design for patient safety: the SEIPS model. Qual Saf Health Care. 2006;15(Suppl 1):i50–8.",{"doi":536},"10.1136\u002Fqshc.2005.015842",{"id":20,"text":538,"url":20,"identifiers":539},"Holden RJ, Carayon P, Gurses AP, Hoonakker P, Hundt AS, Ozok AA, et al. SEIPS 2.0: a human factors framework for studying and improving the work of healthcare professionals and patients. Ergonomics. 2013;56(11):1669–86.",{"doi":540},"10.1080\u002F00140139.2013.838643",{"id":20,"text":542,"url":20,"identifiers":543},"Dube MM, Reid J, Kaba A, Cheng A, Eppich W, Grant V, et al. PEARLS for systems integration: a modified PEARLS framework for debriefing systems-focused simulations. Simul Healthc. 2019.",{"doi":544},"10.1097\u002FSIH.0000000000000381",{"id":20,"text":546,"url":20,"identifiers":547},"Health Quality Council of Alberta. Simulation-based mock-up evaluation framework. Calgary Alberta; 2016.",{},{"id":20,"text":549,"url":20,"identifiers":550},"Ventre KM, Barry JS, Davis D, Baiamonte VL, Wentworth AC, Pietras M, et al. Using in situ simulation to evaluate operational readiness of a children's hospital-based obstetrics unit. Simul Healthc. 2014;9(2):102–11.",{"doi":551},"10.1097\u002FSIH.0000000000000005",{"id":20,"text":553,"url":20,"identifiers":554},"Villamaria FJ, Pliego JF, Wehbe-Janek H, Coker N, Rajab MH, Sibbitt S, et al. Using simulation to orient code blue teams to a new hospital facility. Simul Healthc. 2008;3(4):209–16.",{"doi":555},"10.1097\u002FSIH.0b013e31818187f3",{"id":20,"text":557,"url":20,"identifiers":558},"Geis GL, Pio B, Pendergrass TL, Moyer MR, Patterson MD. Simulation to assess the safety of new healthcare teams and new facilities. Simul Healthc. 2011;6(3):125–33.",{"doi":559},"10.1097\u002FSIH.0b013e31820dff30",{"id":20,"text":561,"url":20,"identifiers":562},"Bender GJ. In situ simulation for systems testing in newly constructed perinatal facilities. Semin Perinatol. 2011;35(2):80–3.",{"doi":563},"10.1053\u002Fj.semperi.2011.01.007",{"id":20,"text":565,"url":20,"identifiers":566},"Bender J, Shields R, Kennally K. Testing with simulation before a big move at Women & Infants Hospital. Med Health R I. 2010;93(5):145 9-50.",{},{"id":20,"text":568,"url":20,"identifiers":569},"Francoeur C, Shea S, Ruddy M, Fontela P, Bhanji F, Razack S, et al. It takes a village to move a hospital: simulation improves intensive care team preparedness for a move to a new site. Hosp Pediatr. 2018;8(3):148–56.",{"doi":570},"10.1542\u002Fhpeds.2017-0112",{"id":20,"text":572,"url":20,"identifiers":573},"Colman N, Doughty C, Arnold J, Stone K, Reid J, Dalpiaz A, et al. Simulation-based clinical systems testing for healthcare spaces: from intake through implementation. Adv Simul. 2019;4:19.",{"doi":574},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-019-0108-7",{"id":20,"text":576,"url":20,"identifiers":577},"Taylor E, Hignett S, Joseph A. The environment of safe care: considering building design as one facet of safety. Int Symposium Hum Factors Ergon Healthc Care. 2014:123–7.",{"doi":578},"10.1177\u002F2327857914031020",{"id":20,"text":580,"url":20,"identifiers":581},"Colman N, Edmond MB, Dalpiaz A, Walter S, Miller DC, Hebbar K. Designing for patient safety and efficiency: simulation-based hospital design testing. HERD. 2020.",{"doi":582},"10.1177\u002F1937586720921777",{"id":20,"text":584,"url":20,"identifiers":585},"Colman N, Stone K, Arnold J, Doughty C, Reid J, Younker S, et al. Prevent safety threats in new construction through integration of simulation and FMEA. Pediatr Qual Saf. 2019;4(4):e189.",{"doi":586},"10.1097\u002Fpq9.0000000000000189",{"id":20,"text":588,"url":20,"identifiers":589},"Joseph A, Quan X, Taylor E, Jelen M. Designing for patient safety: developing methods to integrate patient safety concerns in the design process. Center for Healthcare Design. 2012;Appendix V. 105-116. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.healthdesign.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Fchd416_ahrqreport_final.pdf.",{},{"id":20,"text":591,"url":20,"identifiers":592},"Reason J. Human error: models and management. West J Med. 2000;172(6):393–6.",{"doi":593},"10.1136\u002Fewjm.172.6.393",{"id":20,"text":595,"url":20,"identifiers":596},"Joseph A, Rashid M. The architecture of safety: hospital design. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2007;13(6):714–9.",{"doi":597},"10.1097\u002FMCC.0b013e3282f1be6e",{"id":20,"text":599,"url":20,"identifiers":600},"Adler MD, Mobley BL, Eppich WJ, Lappe M, Green M, Mangold K. Use of simulation to test systems and prepare staff for a new hospital transition. J Patient Saf. 2018;14(3):143–7.",{"doi":601},"10.1097\u002FPTS.0000000000000184",{"id":20,"text":603,"url":20,"identifiers":604},"Paige JT, Terry Fairbanks RJ, Gaba DM. Priorities related to improving healthcare safety through simulation. Simul Healthc. 2018;13(3S Suppl 1):S41–50.",{"doi":605},"10.1097\u002FSIH.0000000000000295",{"id":20,"text":607,"url":20,"identifiers":608},"Ulrich RS, Zimring C, Zhu X, DuBose J, Seo HB, Choi YS, et al. A review of the research literature on evidence-based healthcare design. HERD. 2008;1(3):61–125.",{"doi":609},"10.1177\u002F193758670800100306",{"id":20,"text":611,"url":20,"identifiers":612},"Patient room design checklist and evaluation tool. In the center for health design. 2015. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.healthdesign.org\u002Fpatient-room-design-checklist-and-evaluation-tool. Accessed April 26, 2016.",{},{"id":20,"text":614,"url":20,"identifiers":615},"Wingler D, Machry H, Bayramzadeh S, Joseph A, Allison D. Comparing the effectiveness of four different design media in communicating desired performance outcomes with clinical end users. HERD. 2019;12(2):87–99.",{"doi":616},"10.1177\u002F1937586718796626",{"id":20,"text":618,"url":20,"identifiers":619},"Harvey Murff JG, Bates D. Human factors and medical devices. In: Shonjania KG, Mc Donald KM, editors. Making Healthcare Safer: A Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2001. p. 459–70.",{},{"id":20,"text":621,"url":20,"identifiers":622},"Vincent CJ, Li Y, Blandford A. Integration of human factors and ergonomics during medical device design and development: it's all about communication. Appl Ergon. 2014;45(3):413–9.",{"doi":623},"10.1016\u002Fj.apergo.2013.05.009",{"id":20,"text":625,"url":20,"identifiers":626},"Privitera MB, Design M, Murray DL. Determining user needs in medical device design. Appl Ergon. 2009:5606–8.",{"doi":627},"10.1109\u002FIEMBS.2009.5333781",{"id":20,"text":629,"url":20,"identifiers":630},"Thorvald P, Linblom J, Schmitz S. Modified pluralistic walkthrough for method evaluation in manufacturing. Proced Manufact. 2015;3:5139–46.",{"doi":631},"10.1016\u002Fj.promfg.2015.07.544",{"id":633,"createTime":634,"updateTime":635,"relativeEntities":636,"slug":637,"properties":638,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":649,"verifyNote":117,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":650,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":651,"publicationType":211,"publisherRelationship":667,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":697,"publishYear":244,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":635,"indexDatabases":698,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"37a3ff36-4dd5-47da-80f2-cc5dd8c8fdd1","2024-01-08T16:19:03.561+00:00","2026-04-14T13:57:17.545+00:00",[],"Virtual-reality-simulation-the-future-of-orthopaedic-training-A-systematic-review-and-narrative-analysis",{"abstract":639,"title":641,"gsPaper":643,"references":645,"doi":647},{"EN":640},"Virtual reality (VR) simulation provides users with an immersive, 3D experience that can be used to allow surgical trainees to practice skills and operations in a safe yet realistic environment. The field of orthopaedics is yet to include VR in core teaching, despite its advantages as a teaching aid, particularly against current simulation tools. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to investigate the efficacy of VR in orthopaedic training, against current methods. A systemic review of databases Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials focusing on VR training against conventional training in orthopaedic surgery was performed. Data synthesis was performed through narrative analysis due to the heterogeneous nature of the data. A total of 16 studies from 140 titles were identified, across 6 specialty areas. Four hundred and thirty-one participants were included. Control groups included VR, cadaver and benchtop simulators. Forty-seven outcomes were measured, focusing on skill and proficiency assessment. No outcomes focused on patient safety. Although significance between intervention and control was not always achieved, most studies found that the intervention outperformed the control. VR provides a modern and immersive teaching tool that can develop skills and give confidence to trainees. This study demonstrates the potential for VR simulation as a training aid in orthopaedics and encourages its use alongside conventional teaching methods. However, long-term analysis of the results of VR training on surgical trainees has yet to be conducted. To provide conclusive justification for its inclusion in surgical training, this study recommends that future research follows trainees using VR into the operating room, to determine that VR teaches skills that are transferable onto actual surgeries, subsequently leading to better patient outcomes.",{"EN":642},"Virtual reality simulation—the future of orthopaedic training? A systematic review and narrative analysis",{"VOID":644},"[\"6296942301013462028\"]",{"VOID":646},"Training Standards Committee of the British Orthopaedic Association. Specialist training in trauma and orthopaedics. London: GMC; 2018. [cited 12 April 2020]. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gmc-uk.org\u002F-\u002Fmedia\u002Fdocuments\u002FT_and_O_inc._Trauma_TIG_approved_Jul_17.pdf_72511367.pdf.\nMoore F. Ethical problems special to surgery. Arch Surg. 2000;135(1):14.\nBrooks F. Grasping reality through illusion---interactive graphics serving science. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '88; 1988. p. 1–11.\nMcCloy R, Stone R. Science, medicine, and the future: virtual reality in surgery. BMJ. 2001;323(7318):912–5.\nBlackwell M, Morgan F, DiGioia A. Augmented reality and its future in orthopaedics. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;354:111–22.\nGarfjeld Roberts P, Guyver P, Baldwin M, Akhtar K, Alvand A, Price A, et al. Validation of the updated ArthroS simulator: face and construct validity of a passive haptic virtual reality simulator with novel performance metrics. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthroscopy. 2016;25(2):616–25.\nKhanduja V, Lawrence J, Audenaert E. Testing the construct validity of a virtual reality hip arthroscopy simulator. Arthroscopy. 2017;33(3):566–71.\nMartin K, Cameron K, Belmont P, Schoenfeld A, Owens B. Shoulder arthroscopy simulator performance correlates with resident and shoulder arthroscopy experience. J Bone Joint Surg. 2012;94(21):e160.\nAïm F, Lonjon G, Hannouche D, Nizard R. Effectiveness of virtual reality training in orthopaedic surgery. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2016;32(1):224–32.\nMabrey J, Reinig K, Cannon W. Virtual reality in orthopaedics: is it a reality? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(10):2586–91.\nCASP Randomised control trial checklist. 2018.\nMcGuinness L, Higgins J. Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Res Synthesis Method. 2020;12:55–61.\nAndersen C, Winding T, Vesterby M. Development of simulated arthroscopic skills. Acta Orthopaedica. 2011;82(1):90–5.\nHenn R, Shah N, Warner J, Gomoll A. Shoulder arthroscopy simulator training improves shoulder arthroscopy performance in a cadaveric model. Arthroscopy. 2013;29(6):982–5.\nLohre R, Bois A, Athwal G, Goel D. Improved complex skill acquisition by immersive virtual reality training. J Bone Joint Surg. 2020;102(6):e26.\nRebolledo B, Hammann-Scala J, Leali A, Ranawat A. Arthroscopy skills development with a surgical simulator. Am J Sport Med. 2015;43(6):1526–9.\nWaterman B, Martin K, Cameron K, Owens B, Belmont P. Simulation training improves surgical proficiency and safety during diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy performed by residents. Orthopedics. 2016;39(3):e479–85.\nBanaszek D, You D, Chang J, Pickell M, Hesse D, Hopman W, et al. Virtual reality compared with bench-top simulation in the acquisition of arthroscopic skill. J Bone Joint Surgery. 2017;99(7):e34.\nCannon W, Garrett W, Hunter R, Sweeney H, Eckhoff D, Nicandri G, et al. Improving residency training in arthroscopic knee surgery with use of a virtual-reality simulator. J Bone Joint Surg Am Vol. 2014;96(21):1798–806.\nCychosz C, Tofte J, Johnson A, Gao Y, Phisitkul P. Fundamentals of arthroscopic surgery training program improves knee arthroscopy simulator performance in arthroscopic trainees; 2020.\nMiddleton R, Alvand A, Garfjeld Roberts P, Hargrove C, Kirby G, Rees J. Simulation-based training platforms for arthroscopy: a randomized comparison of virtual reality learning to benchtop learning. Arthroscopy. 2017;33(5):996–1003.\nGasco J, Patel A, Ortega-Barnett J, Branch D, Desai S, Kuo Y, et al. Virtual reality spine surgery simulation: an empirical study of its usefulness. Neurol Res. 2014;36(11):968–73.\nHou Y, Shi J, Lin Y, Chen H, Yuan W. Virtual surgery simulation versus traditional approaches in training of residents in cervical pedicle screw placement. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 2018;138(6):777–82.\nXin B, Chen G, Wang Y, Bai G, Gao X, Chu J et al. The efficacy of immersive virtual reality surgical simulator training for pedicle screw placement: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. 2020.\nBlumstein G, Zukotynski B, Cevallos N, Ishmael C, Zoller S, Burke Z, et al. Randomized trial of a virtual reality tool to teach surgical technique for tibial shaft fracture intramedullary nailing. J Surg Educ. 2020;77(4):969–77.\nPahuta M, Schemitsch E, Backstein D, Papp S, Gofton W. Virtual fracture carving improves understanding of a complex fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am Vol. 2012;94(24):e182 -1-7.\nSugand K, Akhtar K, Khatri C, Cobb J, Gupte C. 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Ann Surg. 2002;236(4):458–64.\nPatterson M, Geis G, Falcone R, LeMaster T, Wears R. In situ simulation: detection of safety threats and teamwork training in a high risk emergency department. BMJ Qual Saf. 2013;22(06):468–77.\nKeith K, Hansen D, Johannessen M. Perceived value of a skills laboratory with virtual reality simulator training in arthroscopy: a survey of orthopedic surgery residents. J Am Osteopathic Assoc. 2018;118(10):667.\nBartlett J, Lawrence J, Khanduja V. Virtual reality hip arthroscopy simulator demonstrates sufficient face validity. Knee Surg Sport Traumatol Arthroscopy. 2018;27(10):3162–7.\nHarrington D, Roye G, Ryder B, Miner T, Richardson P, Cioffi W. A time-cost analysis of teaching a laparoscopic entero-enterostomy. J Surg Educ. 2007;64(6):342–245.\nBauer D, Wieser K, Aichmair A. O Zingg P, Dora C, Rahm S. Validation of a virtual reality-based hip arthroscopy simulator. Arthroscopy. 2019;35(3):789–95.\nRoberts P, Guyver P, Baldwin M, Akhtar K, Alvand A, Price A, et al. Validation of the updated ArthroS simulator: face and construct validity of a passive haptic virtual reality simulator with novel performance metrics. Sport Traumatol. 2017;25:616–25.\nCamp C. Editorial Commentary: “Virtual Reality” simulation in orthopaedic surgery: realistically helpful, or virtually useless? Arthroscopy. 2018;34(5):1678–9.\nParks T. Randomized controlled trials in medical education. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2009;102(6):214.",{"VOID":648},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-020-00153-x","2024-05-15T17:40:14.169+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-020-00153-x",[652],{"id":653,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":654,"affiliations":655,"properties":664,"displayName":666,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"1ef40191-c0b3-4395-84c9-15f141a38052",[123],[656],{"id":657,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":658,"properties":20},"9f5f49b1-1c59-437f-a847-527d0443462e",{"id":657,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":659,"slug":20,"properties":660,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":663,"statistic":20},[],{"title":661},{"VI":662},"University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK",[],{"title":665},{"VI":666},"Elinor Clarke",{"url":650,"publisher":668,"properties":693},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":669,"slug":10,"properties":670,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":673,"manageAffiliations":674,"indexDatabases":675,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":688,"gsStatistic":20,"type":92,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":671,"title":672},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[],[],[676,682],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":677,"url":37,"indexYears":38,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":39},{"id":28,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":678,"label":679,"description":680,"key":34,"publicationTags":681,"standard":20},[],{"EN":31,"VI":31},{"EN":31,"VI":33},[36],{"id":41,"indexDatabase":683,"url":54,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":43,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":684,"label":685,"description":686,"key":50,"publicationTags":687,"standard":20},[],{"EN":46,"VI":46},{"EN":48,"VI":49},[52,53],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":689,"i10Index":64,"i10IndexLast5Year":65,"totalPublication":66,"totalPublicationByYear":690,"totalCitation":76,"totalCitationByYear":691,"totalCitationPerPublication":83,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":692,"hindexLast5Year":75,"hindex":75},{"2017":57,"2018":58,"2019":59,"2020":60,"2021":61,"2022":62,"2023":63},{"2016":68,"2017":69,"2018":70,"2019":71,"2020":71,"2021":72,"2022":73,"2023":74,"2024":75},{"2016":78,"2017":79,"2018":80,"2019":69,"2020":68,"2021":81,"2022":82},{"2016":85,"2017":86,"2018":87,"2019":88,"2020":89,"2021":90,"2022":91},{"pages":694,"volume":696},{"VOID":695},"1-11",{"VOID":242},"2021-01-13",[52,36],{"id":700,"createTime":701,"updateTime":702,"relativeEntities":703,"slug":704,"properties":705,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":722,"verifyNote":117,"languages":723,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":724,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":725,"publicationType":211,"publisherRelationship":783,"citationCount":21,"citationInfo":809,"publishDate":811,"publishYear":244,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":812,"indexDatabases":813,"openAccess":20,"references":814,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"0f932adc-acfd-464d-800f-06b589f12f2d","2024-04-15T11:28:30.123+00:00","2026-04-01T20:57:02.389+00:00",[],"Challenges-to-the-implementation-of-in-situ-simulation-at-HEMS-bases-a-qualitative-study-of-facilitators-expectations-and-strategies",{"mag":706,"gsPaper":708,"pmc":710,"openalex":712,"abstract":714,"title":716,"pm":718,"doi":720},{"VOID":707},"3215239719",{"VOID":709},"[\"17874731281510589469\"]",{"VOID":711},"8611870",{"VOID":713},"W3215239719",{"EN":715},"\u003Cjats:title>Abstract\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Introduction\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>Facilitators play an essential role in simulation-based training on helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) bases. There is scant literature about the barriers to the implementation of simulation training in HEMS. The purpose of this explorative interview study was to identify factors that the local facilitators anticipated would challenge the smooth implementation of the program, and their strategies to overcome these before the national implementation of in situ simulation-based training locally, and subsequently, one year after the programme was initiated, to identify the actual challenges they had indeed experienced, and their solutions to overcome these.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Methods\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>A qualitative study with semi-structured group interviews of facilitators was undertaken before and after one year of simulation-based training on all HEMS bases and one Search and Rescue base. Systematic text condensation was used to extract facilitators’ expectations and experiences.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Results\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>Facilitators identified 17 themes in the pre-study-year interviews. Pedagogical, motivational and logistical issues were amongst the dominant themes. Other key themes included management support, dedicated time for the facilitators and ongoing development of the facilitator. In the post-study-year interviews, the same themes were identified. Despite anxiety about the perceptions of, and enthusiasm for, simulation training amongst the HEMS crews, our facilitators describe increasing levels of motivation over the study period.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>\u003Cjats:sec>\n                \u003Cjats:title>Conclusion\u003C\u002Fjats:title>\n                \u003Cjats:p>Facilitators prognosticated the anticipated challenges to the successful implementation of simulation-based training on HEMS bases and suggested solutions for overcoming these challenges. After one year of simulation-based training, the facilitators reflected on the key factors for successful implementation.\u003C\u002Fjats:p>\n              \u003C\u002Fjats:sec>",{"EN":717},"Challenges to the implementation of in situ simulation at HEMS bases: a qualitative study of facilitators’ expectations and strategies",{"VOID":719},"34819166",{"VOID":721},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-021-00193-x","2024-04-29T04:42:12.592+00:00",[406],"https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-021-00193-x",[726,745,766],{"id":727,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":728,"affiliations":729,"properties":738,"displayName":742,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"3a9b4e4a-8685-4d56-97ad-ce31f3e2e523",[],[730],{"id":731,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":732,"properties":20},"a278557d-ff53-4d33-a557-86dda7f2cc00",{"id":731,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":733,"slug":20,"properties":734,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":737,"statistic":20},[],{"title":735},{"VI":736},"Department of Research, Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway",[],{"orcid":739,"title":741,"openalex":743},{"VOID":740},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-5065-3590",{"EN":742},"Per P. Bredmose",{"VOID":744},"A5010167391",{"id":746,"sortIndex":138,"researcher":20,"roles":747,"affiliations":748,"properties":757,"displayName":761,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"bf53179d-bf75-4584-b61a-ab769a6b9280",[],[749],{"id":750,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":751,"properties":20},"d94e58ea-377d-4b8d-a183-9c21d062cc26",{"id":750,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":752,"slug":20,"properties":753,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":756,"statistic":20},[],{"title":754},{"VI":755},"Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Capital Region of Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark",[],{"orcid":758,"title":760,"gsAuthor":762,"openalex":764},{"VOID":759},"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-8542-6999",{"EN":761},"Doris Østergaard",{"VOID":763},"[\"4XFalB4AAAAJ\"]",{"VOID":765},"A5032047502",{"id":767,"sortIndex":154,"researcher":20,"roles":768,"affiliations":769,"properties":778,"displayName":780,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"115a7362-6b24-4622-afb2-8d4ce230e4f1",[],[770],{"id":771,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":772,"properties":20},"2e1d2825-e497-4f4f-9f72-cb050ec46977",{"id":771,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":773,"slug":20,"properties":774,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":777,"statistic":20},[],{"title":775},{"VI":776},"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway",[],{"title":779,"openalex":781},{"EN":780},"Stephen J. M. Sollid",{"VOID":782},"A5081180880",{"url":20,"publisher":784,"properties":20},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":785,"slug":10,"properties":786,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":789,"manageAffiliations":790,"indexDatabases":791,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":804,"gsStatistic":20,"type":92,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":787,"title":788},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[],[],[792,798],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":793,"url":37,"indexYears":38,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":39},{"id":28,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":794,"label":795,"description":796,"key":34,"publicationTags":797,"standard":20},[],{"EN":31,"VI":31},{"EN":31,"VI":33},[36],{"id":41,"indexDatabase":799,"url":54,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":43,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":800,"label":801,"description":802,"key":50,"publicationTags":803,"standard":20},[],{"EN":46,"VI":46},{"EN":48,"VI":49},[52,53],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":805,"i10Index":64,"i10IndexLast5Year":65,"totalPublication":66,"totalPublicationByYear":806,"totalCitation":76,"totalCitationByYear":807,"totalCitationPerPublication":83,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":808,"hindexLast5Year":75,"hindex":75},{"2017":57,"2018":58,"2019":59,"2020":60,"2021":61,"2022":62,"2023":63},{"2016":68,"2017":69,"2018":70,"2019":71,"2020":71,"2021":72,"2022":73,"2023":74,"2024":75},{"2016":78,"2017":79,"2018":80,"2019":69,"2020":68,"2021":81,"2022":82},{"2016":85,"2017":86,"2018":87,"2019":88,"2020":89,"2021":90,"2022":91},{"total":21,"publishYear":244,"statisticByYear":810},{},"2021-12-01","2026-04-01T20:57:02.388+00:00",[52,36],[815,819,823,827,831,835,839,843,847,851,855,859,863,867,871,875,878,881,885,889,893,897,901,905],{"id":20,"text":816,"url":20,"identifiers":817},"Brazil V, Purdy EI, Bajaj K. 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Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19(6):349–57. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fintqhc\u002Fmzm042.",{"doi":900},"10.1093\u002Fintqhc\u002Fmzm042",{"id":20,"text":902,"url":20,"identifiers":903},"Cheng A, Grant V, Huffman J, Burgess G, Szyld D, Robinson T, et al. Coaching the debriefer: peer coaching to improve debriefing quality in simulation programs. Simul Healthc. 2017;12(5):319–25. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FSIH.0000000000000232.",{"doi":904},"10.1097\u002FSIH.0000000000000232",{"id":20,"text":906,"url":20,"identifiers":907},"Hosny SG, Johnston MJ, Pucher PH, Erridge S, Darzi A. Barriers to the implementation and uptake of simulation-based training programs in general surgery: a multinational qualitative study. J Surg Res. 2017;220:419–426.e412.",{"doi":908},"10.1016\u002Fj.jss.2017.07.020",{"id":910,"createTime":911,"updateTime":912,"relativeEntities":913,"slug":914,"properties":915,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":924,"verifyNote":117,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":925,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":926,"publicationType":211,"publisherRelationship":1012,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1042,"publishYear":244,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":1043,"indexDatabases":1044,"openAccess":20,"references":1045,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"e20bbd5a-b0e3-4e77-8062-1ca514d48e53","2024-01-13T19:10:59.993+00:00","2025-07-24T07:43:37.521+00:00",[],"The-Code-Silver-Exercise-a-low-cost-simulation-alternative-to-prepare-hospitals-for-an-active-shooter-event",{"abstract":916,"title":918,"gsPaper":920,"doi":922},{"EN":917},"Mass-shooting incidents have been increasing in recent years and Code Silver—the hospital response to a person with a weapon such as an active shooter in many Provinces or States in North America—is quickly shifting from a theoretical safety measure to a realistic scenario for which hospitals must prepare their staff. A Code Silver Exercise (CSE) involving an independent mental practice exercise with written responses to scenarios and questions, followed by a facilitated debrief with all participants, was conceptualized and trialled for feasibility and efficacy. The CSE was piloted as a quality improvement and emergency preparedness initiative in three different settings including in situ within a hospital Emergency Department or Intensive Care Unit, offsite in a large conference room workshop, and online via virtual platform. These sessions took place in 4 different cities in Canada and included 3 academic teaching hospitals. Participants of the in situ and virtual CSE completed pre- and post-simulation surveys which showed improved understanding of Code Silver protocols following participation. The CSE is a reproducible simulation alternative, designed to operationalize a Code Silver policy at a large healthcare institution in a sustainable way. This training model can be administered in multiple settings in-person (in situ or offsite), and virtually, making it versatile and easily accessible for participants. This exercise enables participants to mentally rehearse practical responses to an active shooter in their unique work environments and to discuss ethical and medical-legal implications of their responses during a facilitated debrief with fellow healthcare providers. Implementation of a CSE for training in hospitals may help staff to create a mental schema prior to an active shooter event, and thus indirectly improve the chances of survivability in the event of a real active shooter situation.",{"EN":919},"The Code Silver Exercise: a low-cost simulation alternative to prepare hospitals for an active shooter event",{"VOID":921},"[\"13946074477789134922\"]",{"VOID":923},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-021-00190-0","2024-05-06T02:50:37.234+00:00","https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-021-00190-0",[927,951,968,988],{"id":928,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":929,"affiliations":930,"properties":948,"displayName":950,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"c777b337-30b3-4750-9b87-558bb0ec4abc",[123],[931,939],{"id":932,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":933,"properties":20},"926c0204-de39-441e-a0c7-6d1ad4ca116b",{"id":932,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":934,"slug":20,"properties":935,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":938,"statistic":20},[],{"title":936},{"VI":937},"Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Lawson Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada",[],{"id":940,"sortIndex":138,"affiliation":941,"properties":947},"1e26c934-1265-478a-81d4-38137bed476d",{"id":940,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":942,"slug":20,"properties":943,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":946,"statistic":20},[],{"title":944},{"VI":945},"Department of Emergency Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada",[],{},{"title":949},{"VI":950},"Julie J. Kim",{"id":952,"sortIndex":138,"researcher":20,"roles":953,"affiliations":954,"properties":963,"displayName":965,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"9de77508-84f3-48a4-917b-400556036891",[123],[955],{"id":956,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":957,"properties":20},"3ad770cb-135f-4aa1-97d9-2e8f00008e7e",{"id":956,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":958,"slug":20,"properties":959,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":962,"statistic":20},[],{"title":960},{"VI":961},"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Canada",[],{"title":964,"gsAuthor":966},{"VI":965},"Daniel Howes",{"VOID":967},"[\"eT5qzxIAAAAJ\"]",{"id":969,"sortIndex":154,"researcher":20,"roles":970,"affiliations":971,"properties":985,"displayName":987,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"2da0f529-eaa4-4e91-ad82-c93a224f5ec5",[123],[972,978],{"id":932,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":973,"properties":20},{"id":932,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":974,"slug":20,"properties":975,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":977,"statistic":20},[],{"title":976},{"VI":937},[],{"id":940,"sortIndex":138,"affiliation":979,"properties":984},{"id":940,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":980,"slug":20,"properties":981,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":983,"statistic":20},[],{"title":982},{"VI":945},[],{},{"title":986},{"VI":987},"Chantal Forristal",{"id":989,"sortIndex":168,"researcher":20,"roles":990,"affiliations":991,"properties":1009,"displayName":1011,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"66fdcf15-9b61-4928-a94d-2032f277ced6",[123],[992,1000],{"id":993,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":994,"properties":20},"99bd1123-798f-4851-995f-8d4588cb1d00",{"id":993,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":995,"slug":20,"properties":996,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":999,"statistic":20},[],{"title":997},{"VI":998},"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada",[],{"id":1001,"sortIndex":138,"affiliation":1002,"properties":1008},"993fd2f4-2143-4b0a-8004-92d6a4dc8ce8",{"id":1001,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1003,"slug":20,"properties":1004,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1007,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1005},{"VI":1006},"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada",[],{},{"title":1010},{"VI":1011},"Andrew Willmore",{"url":925,"publisher":1013,"properties":1038},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1014,"slug":10,"properties":1015,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":1018,"manageAffiliations":1019,"indexDatabases":1020,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":1033,"gsStatistic":20,"type":92,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":1016,"title":1017},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[],[],[1021,1027],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":1022,"url":37,"indexYears":38,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":39},{"id":28,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1023,"label":1024,"description":1025,"key":34,"publicationTags":1026,"standard":20},[],{"EN":31,"VI":31},{"EN":31,"VI":33},[36],{"id":41,"indexDatabase":1028,"url":54,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":43,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1029,"label":1030,"description":1031,"key":50,"publicationTags":1032,"standard":20},[],{"EN":46,"VI":46},{"EN":48,"VI":49},[52,53],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":1034,"i10Index":64,"i10IndexLast5Year":65,"totalPublication":66,"totalPublicationByYear":1035,"totalCitation":76,"totalCitationByYear":1036,"totalCitationPerPublication":83,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1037,"hindexLast5Year":75,"hindex":75},{"2017":57,"2018":58,"2019":59,"2020":60,"2021":61,"2022":62,"2023":63},{"2016":68,"2017":69,"2018":70,"2019":71,"2020":71,"2021":72,"2022":73,"2023":74,"2024":75},{"2016":78,"2017":79,"2018":80,"2019":69,"2020":68,"2021":81,"2022":82},{"2016":85,"2017":86,"2018":87,"2019":88,"2020":89,"2021":90,"2022":91},{"pages":1039,"volume":1041},{"VOID":1040},"1-8",{"VOID":242},"2021-10-21","2025-07-24T07:43:37.520+00:00",[52,36],[1046,1054,1058,1062,1066,1070,1074,1078,1082,1086,1090,1094,1098,1102,1106,1110,1115,1118,1121,1124,1128,1132,1136,1144,1150,1158,1166,1174,1182,1190,1197,1204,1210,1218,1225,1230,1236,1244,1253,1262,1268,1274],{"id":20,"text":1047,"url":1048,"identifiers":1049},"Kelen GD, Catlett CL, Kubit JG, Hsieh YH. Hospital-based shootings in the United States: 2000 to 2011. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(6):790–798.e791. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.annemergmed.2012.08.012.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.annemergmed.2012.08.012",{"mag":1050,"openalex":1051,"pm":1052,"doi":1053},"1969824963","W1969824963","22998757","10.1016\u002Fj.annemergmed.2012.08.012",{"id":20,"text":1055,"url":1056,"identifiers":1057},"Two killed in B.C. hospital shooting. CBC News. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Ftwo-killed-in-b-c-hospital-shooting-1.365444. Published. Updated May 21. May 21, 2003:2003 .","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Ftwo-killed-in-b-c-hospital-shooting-1.365444",{},{"id":20,"text":1059,"url":1060,"identifiers":1061},"Elderly couple shot to death at B.C. hospital. CBC News. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Felderly-couple-shot-to-death-at-b-c-hospital-1.604907. Published August 29, 2006. Updated August 30, 2006. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Felderly-couple-shot-to-death-at-b-c-hospital-1.604907",{},{"id":20,"text":1063,"url":1064,"identifiers":1065},"Shot fired near Ottawa children’s hospital, man arrested. CBC News. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Fottawa\u002Fshot-fired-near-ottawa-children-s-hospital-man-arrested-1.651470. Published May 7, 2007. Updated May 7, 2007. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Fottawa\u002Fshot-fired-near-ottawa-children-s-hospital-man-arrested-1.651470",{},{"id":20,"text":1067,"url":1068,"identifiers":1069},"Spitters J. Lockdown lifted at BGH. Quinte News. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.quintenews.com\u002F2011\u002F04\u002F01\u002Flockdown-lifted-at-bgh\u002F. Published April 1, 2011. Updated April 1, 2011. Accessed 28 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.quintenews.com\u002F2011\u002F04\u002F01\u002Flockdown-lifted-at-bgh\u002F",{},{"id":20,"text":1071,"url":1072,"identifiers":1073},"Man shoots himself dead in psych unit at Civic Hospital. Ottawa Sun. https:\u002F\u002Fottawasun.com\u002F2014\u002F05\u002F14\u002Fman-shoots-himself-dead-in-psych-unit-at-civic-hospital\u002Fwcm\u002Fb6fc2d89-40fd-43c0-a3fa-cb2e95531b87. Published May 14, 2014. Updated May 14, 2014. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fottawasun.com\u002F2014\u002F05\u002F14\u002Fman-shoots-himself-dead-in-psych-unit-at-civic-hospital\u002Fwcm\u002Fb",{},{"id":20,"text":1075,"url":1076,"identifiers":1077},"Etobicoke General Hospital shooting takes gang violence ‘to a different level,’ police say. The Star. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thestar.com\u002Fnews\u002Fcrime\u002F2014\u002F06\u002F02\u002Fetobicoke_general_hospital_shooting_takes_gang_violence_to_a_different_level_police_say.html. Published June 2, 2014. Updated June 2, 2014. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thestar.com\u002Fnews\u002Fcrime\u002F2014\u002F06\u002F02\u002Fetobicoke_general_hospital_shooting_takes_gang_violence_to_a_different_level_police_say.html",{},{"id":20,"text":1079,"url":1080,"identifiers":1081},"Police shooting at Guelph General Hospital leaves 1 man dead. CTV News Kitchener. https:\u002F\u002Fkitchener.ctvnews.ca\u002Fpolice-shooting-at-guelph-general-hospital-leaves-1-man-dead-1.2382588. Published May 20, 2015. Updated May 20, 2015. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fkitchener.ctvnews.ca\u002Fpolice-shooting-at-guelph-general-hospital-leaves-1-man-dead-1.2382588",{},{"id":20,"text":1083,"url":1084,"identifiers":1085},"Man dead after shooting himself inside Foothills ER. Global News. https:\u002F\u002Fglobalnews.ca\u002Fnews\u002F2363833\u002Fa-man-is-dead-after-shooting-himself-inside-foothills-er\u002F. Published November 26, 2015. Updated November 26, 2015. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fglobalnews.ca\u002Fnews\u002F2363833\u002Fa-man-is-dead-after-shooting-himself-inside-foothills-er\u002F",{},{"id":20,"text":1087,"url":1088,"identifiers":1089},"Good police work ends with arrest of alleged hospital gunman. Toronto Sun. https:\u002F\u002Ftorontosun.com\u002F2016\u002F06\u002F24\u002Fgood-police-work-ends-with-arrest-of-alleged-hospital-gunman\u002Fwcm\u002F2d356f6e-c074-4b25-b8e4-e58c95aae759. Published June 24, 2016. Updated June 25, 2016. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Ftorontosun.com\u002F2016\u002F06\u002F24\u002Fgood-police-work-ends-with-arrest-of-alleged-hospital-gunman\u002Fwcm\u002F",{},{"id":20,"text":1091,"url":1092,"identifiers":1093},"Man shoots himself in Grand Forks hospital emergency room. Nelson Star. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nelsonstar.com\u002Fnews\u002Fman-shoots-himself-in-grand-forks-hospital-emergency-room\u002F. Published January 13, 2017. Updated January 13, 2017. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nelsonstar.com\u002Fnews\u002Fman-shoots-himself-in-grand-forks-hospital-emergency-room\u002F",{},{"id":20,"text":1095,"url":1096,"identifiers":1097},"Tragic death outside Foothills Medical Centre highlights crisis support. Global News. https:\u002F\u002Fglobalnews.ca\u002Fnews\u002F3187691\u002Femergency-response-at-foothills-hospital\u002F. Published January 17, 2017. Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fglobalnews.ca\u002Fnews\u002F3187691\u002Femergency-response-at-foothills-hospital\u002F",{},{"id":20,"text":1099,"url":1100,"identifiers":1101},"Elderly couple dead after shooting at Cobourg Hospital, SIU investigating. CBC News. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Ftoronto\u002Fcobourg-hospital-shooting-police-siu-1.4376921. Published October 28, 2017. Updated October 28, 2017. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Ftoronto\u002Fcobourg-hospital-shooting-police-siu-1.4376921",{},{"id":20,"text":1103,"url":1104,"identifiers":1105},"SIU investigating police shooting at Fort Erie Hospital. Niagara This Week. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.niagarathisweek.com\u002Fnews-story\u002F8619461-siu-investigating-police-shooting-at-fort-erie-hospital\u002F. Published May 21, 2018. Accessed 9 Mar 2021.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.niagarathisweek.com\u002Fnews-story\u002F8619461-siu-investigating-police-shooting-at-fort-erie-hospital\u002F",{},{"id":20,"text":1107,"url":1108,"identifiers":1109},"Inmate accused of disarming guard and shooting visitor at Kingston hospital. CBC News. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Fottawa\u002Fkingston-hospital-shooting-charges-1.4912704. Published November 20, 2018. Updated November 20, 2018. Accessed 27 Oct 2019.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cbc.ca\u002Fnews\u002Fcanada\u002Fottawa\u002Fkingston-hospital-shooting-charges-1.4912704",{},{"id":20,"text":1111,"url":1112,"identifiers":1113},"Jacobs LM, McSwain NE Jr, Rotondo MF, Wade D, Fabbri W, Eastman AL, et al. Sinclair J; Joint Committee to Create a National Policy to Enhance Survivability from Mass Casualty Shooting Events. Improving survival from active shooter events: the Hartford Consensus. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013 Jun;74(6):1399–400. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FTA.0b013e318296b237.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FTA.0b013e318296b237",{"doi":1114},"10.1097\u002FTA.0b013e318296b237",{"id":20,"text":1116,"url":20,"identifiers":1117},"Jacobs LM. Joint Committee to Create a National Policy to Enhance Survivability from Mass-Casualty Shooting Events. Active shooter and intentional mass-casualty events: the Hartford Consensus II. Bull Am Coll Surg. 2013;98(9):18–22.",{},{"id":20,"text":1119,"url":20,"identifiers":1120},"Jacobs LM. Joint Committee to Create a National Policy to Enhance Survivability from Intentional Mass-Casualty and Active Shooter Events. The Hartford Consensus III: Implementation of Bleeding Control--If you see something do something. Bull Am Coll Surg. 2015;100(7):20–6.",{},{"id":20,"text":1122,"url":20,"identifiers":1123},"Jacobs LM. Joint Committee to Create a National Policy to Enhance Survivability from Intentional Mass-Casualty and Active Shooter Events. The Hartford Consensus IV: A Call for Increased National Resilience. Bull Am Coll Surg. 2016;101(3):17–24.",{},{"id":20,"text":1125,"url":1126,"identifiers":1127},"Incorporating Active Shooter Incident Planning into Health Care Facility Emergency Operations Plans. 2014. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.phe.gov\u002Fpreparedness\u002F planning\u002FDocuments\u002Factive-shooter-planning-eop2014.pdf. 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The Hartford Consensus: Survey of the Public and Healthcare Professionals on Active Shooter Events in Hospitals. J Am Coll Surg. 2017;225(3):435–42. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jamcollsurg.2017.06.009.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jamcollsurg.2017.06.009",{"mag":1140,"openalex":1141,"pm":1142,"doi":1143},"2749334470","W2749334470","28818425","10.1016\u002Fj.jamcollsurg.2017.06.009",{"id":1145,"text":1146,"url":1147,"identifiers":1148},"88819bc3-389e-44f9-95c5-6f0b9bff0d89","Williams J, Nocera M, Casteel C. The effectiveness of disaster training for health care workers: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;52(3):211–222.e212. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.annemergmed.2007.09.030.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0196064407016241",{"doi":1149},"10.1016\u002Fj.annemergmed.2007.09.030",{"id":20,"text":1151,"url":1152,"identifiers":1153},"LeBlanc VR. 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J Appl Sport Psychol. 2001;13(1):60–83. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10413200109339004.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10413200109339004",{"mag":1222,"openalex":1223,"doi":1224},"2142386351","W2142386351","10.1080\u002F10413200109339004",{"id":20,"text":1226,"url":1227,"identifiers":1228},"Eppich W, Cheng A. Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation (PEARLS): development and rationale for a blended approach to health care simulation debriefing. Simul Healthc. 2015;10(2):106–15. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FSIH.0000000000000072.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1097\u002FSIH.0000000000000072",{"doi":1229},"10.1097\u002FSIH.0000000000000072",{"id":1231,"text":1232,"url":1233,"identifiers":1234},"d45179b2-45e7-4c9e-a114-8cc9ce95c1c4","Forristal C, Kim JJ. Interactive virtual cases for emergency medicine physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. CJEM. 2021 Jun 30:1-4. doi: https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs43678-021-00155-2. Epub ahead of print, 5.","https:\u002F\u002Flink.springer.com\u002F10.1007\u002Fs43678-021-00155-2",{"doi":1235},"10.1007\u002Fs43678-021-00155-2",{"id":20,"text":1237,"url":1238,"identifiers":1239},"McKenzie N, Wishner C, Sexton M, Saevig D, Fink B, Rega P. Active shooter: what would health care students do while caring for their patients? Run? hide? Or fight? Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2020;14(2):173–7. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002Fdmp.2019.67.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002Fdmp.2019.67",{"mag":1240,"openalex":1241,"pm":1242,"doi":1243},"2963289179","W2963289179","31337463","10.1017\u002Fdmp.2019.67",{"id":20,"text":1245,"url":1246,"identifiers":1247},"Solymos O, O'Kelly P, Walshe C M (2015). Pilot study comparing simulation-based and didactic lecture-based critical care teaching for final-year medical students. BMC anesthesiol. 2015; 15, 153. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12871-015-0109-6, 1","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1186\u002Fs12871-015-0109-6",{"mag":1248,"pmc":1249,"openalex":1250,"pm":1251,"doi":1252},"2148995797","4617911","W2148995797","26490826","10.1186\u002Fs12871-015-0109-6",{"id":20,"text":1254,"url":1255,"identifiers":1256},"Courteille O, Fahlstedt M, Ho J, Hedman L, Fors U, von Holst H, et al. Learning through a virtual patient vs. recorded lecture: a comparison of knowledge retention in a trauma case. Int J Med Educ. 2018; Mar 28;9:86–92. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5116\u002Fijme.5aa3.ccf2.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5116\u002Fijme.5aa3.ccf2",{"mag":1257,"pmc":1258,"openalex":1259,"pm":1260,"doi":1261},"2795093439","5951773","W2795093439","29599421","10.5116\u002Fijme.5aa3.ccf2",{"id":1263,"text":1264,"url":1265,"identifiers":1266},"9da2dcf8-20e3-46b3-86aa-23684ee13a51","Collins D, Carson HJ. The future for PETTLEP: a modern perspective on an effective and established tool. Curr Opin Psychol. 2017 Aug;16:12–6. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.copsyc.2017.03.007 Epub 2017 Mar 23.","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS2352250X16301403",{"doi":1267},"10.1016\u002Fj.copsyc.2017.03.007",{"id":20,"text":1269,"url":1270,"identifiers":1271},"Smith D, Wright CJ, Cantwell C. Beating the Bunker: the effect of PETTLEP imagery on golf bunker shot performance. Res Q Exercise Sport. 2008 Sep;79(3):385–91. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F02701367.2008.10599502.","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5641\u002F193250308x13086832906111",{"openalex":1272,"doi":1273},"W4250092454","10.5641\u002F193250308x13086832906111",{"id":20,"text":1275,"url":1276,"identifiers":1277},"Smith D, Wright C, Allsopp A, Westhead H. It's All in the Mind: PETTLEP-Based Imagery and Sports Performance. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2007;19(1):80–92. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10413200600944132.","http:\u002F\u002Fdx.doi.org\u002F10.1080\u002F10413200600944132",{"doi":1278},"10.1080\u002F10413200600944132",{"id":1280,"createTime":1281,"updateTime":1282,"relativeEntities":1283,"slug":1284,"properties":1285,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":1282,"verifyNote":117,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1293,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1294,"publicationType":211,"publisherRelationship":1394,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1424,"publishYear":332,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":1425,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"410c4d2e-0718-41ec-b4dc-f048e40e42d0","2024-01-29T12:58:33.063+00:00","2025-02-26T08:19:28.939+00:00",[],"Simulation-based-clinical-systems-testing-for-healthcare-spaces-from-intake-through-implementation",{"abstract":1286,"title":1288,"references":1290,"doi":1292},{"EN":1287},"Healthcare systems are urged to build facilities that support safe and efficient delivery of care. Literature demonstrates that the built environment impacts patient safety. Design decisions made early in the planning process may introduce flaws into the system, known as latent safety threats (LSTs). Simulation-based clinical systems testing (SbCST) has successfully been incorporated in the post-construction evaluation process in order to identify LSTs prior to patient exposure and promote preparedness, easing the transition into newly built facilities. As the application of simulation in healthcare extends into the realm of process and systems testing, there is a need for a standardized approach by which to conduct SbCST in order to effectively evaluate newly built healthcare facilities. This paper describes a systemic approach by which to conduct SbCST and provides documentation and evaluation tools in order to develop, implement, and evaluate a newly built environment to identify LSTs and system inefficiencies prior to patient exposure.",{"EN":1289},"Simulation-based clinical systems testing for healthcare spaces: from intake through implementation",{"VOID":1291},"Improve patient safety through simulation research. In: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2018. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ahrq.gov\u002Fresearch\u002Ffindings\u002Ffactsheets\u002Ferror-safety\u002Fsimulproj11\u002Findex.html. Accessed 26 Apr 2019.\nReiling J, Hughes RG, Murphy MR. The impact of facility design on patient safety. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville, MD: Advances in Patient Safety; 2008. Chapter 28.\nJoseph A, Rashid M. The architecture of safety: hospital design. 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It takes a village to move a hospital: simulation improves intensive care team preparedness for a move to a new site. Hosp Pediatr. 2018;8(3):148–56.\nVillamaria FJ, Pliego JF, Wehbe-Janek H, Coker N, Rajab MH, Sibbitt S, et al. Using simulation to orient code blue teams to a new hospital facility. Simul Healthc. 2008;3(4):209–16.\nColman N, Stone K, Arnold J, Doughty C, Reid J, Younker S, et al. Prevent safety threats through integration of simulation and FMEA in new construction. Pediatric Quality and Safety. Accepted. 2019.\nAdler MD, Mobley BL, Eppich WJ, Lappe M, Green M, Mangold K. Use of simulation to test systems and prepare staff for a new hospital transition. J Patient Saf. 2018;14(3):143–7.\nDube MM, Reid J, Kaba A, Cheng A, Eppich W, Grant V, et al. PEARLS for systems integration: a modified PEARLS framework for debriefing systems-focused simulations. Simul Healthc. 2019.\nPatient room design checklist and evaluation tool. In The Center for Health Design. 2015. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.healthdesign.org\u002Fpatient-room-design-checklist-and-evaluation-tool. Accessed 26 Apr 2016.\nDeSilets LD. SWOT is useful in your tool kit. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2008;39(5):196–7.\nHunt E, Duval-Arnould J, Chime NO, et al. Building consensus for the future of paediatric simulation: a novel ‘KJ Reverse-Merlin’ methodology. BMJ Stel. 2017;2:35–41.\nAntonacci G, Reed JE, Lennox L, Barlow J. The use of process mapping in healthcare quality improvement projects. Health Serv Manage Res. 2018;31(2):74–84.\nThornton E, Brook OR, Mendiratta-Lala M, Hallett DT, Kruskal JB. Application of failure mode and effect analysis in a radiology department. Radiographics. 2011;31(1):281–93.\nTrebble TM, Hansi N, Hydes T, Smith MA, Baker M. Process mapping the patient journey: an introduction. BMJ. 2010;341:c4078.\nMullan PC, Kessler DO, Cheng A. Educational opportunities with postevent debriefing. JAMA. 2014;312(22):2333–4.\nSawyer T, Eppich W, Brett-Fleegler M, Grant V, Cheng A. More than one way to debrief: a critical review of healthcare simulation debriefing methods. Simul Healthc. 2016;11(3):209–17.\nWong AH, Gang M, Szyld D, Mahoney H. Making an “attitude adjustment”: using a simulation-enhanced interprofessional education strategy to improve attitudes toward teamwork and communication. Simul Healthc. 2016;11(2):117–25.\nDavis S, Riley W, Gurses AP, Miller K, Hansen H. Failure modes and effects analysis based on in situ simulations: a methodology to improve understanding of risks and failures. In: Henriksen K, Battles JB, Keyes MA, Grady ML, editors. Rockville, MD: Advances in Simulation; 2008. Chapter 10.",{"VOID":574},"https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-019-0108-7",[1295,1309,1324,1339,1354,1367,1381],{"id":1296,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1297,"affiliations":1298,"properties":1307,"displayName":425,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"35323b1c-72da-4635-a1e2-4589a7bf1c75",[123],[1299],{"id":1300,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1301,"properties":20},"d2cda7a8-b041-4d7a-9f09-ef3c159c83fa",{"id":1300,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1302,"slug":20,"properties":1303,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1306,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1304},{"VI":1305},"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA",[],{"title":1308},{"VI":425},{"id":1310,"sortIndex":138,"researcher":20,"roles":1311,"affiliations":1312,"properties":1321,"displayName":1323,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"62b19d1a-68a6-4899-83fe-4c6b3b5954a7",[123],[1313],{"id":1314,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1315,"properties":20},"2fe344f9-6564-4a22-9bc1-8e4e5864604e",{"id":1314,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1316,"slug":20,"properties":1317,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1320,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1318},{"VI":1319},"Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, USA",[],{"title":1322},{"VI":1323},"Cara Doughty",{"id":1325,"sortIndex":154,"researcher":20,"roles":1326,"affiliations":1327,"properties":1336,"displayName":1338,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"fb34c317-f217-4658-90d6-f3da8b47e86b",[123],[1328],{"id":1329,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1330,"properties":20},"a6f47c5f-b361-4f6f-a7bf-b8da65c4b4e4",{"id":1329,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1331,"slug":20,"properties":1332,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1335,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1333},{"VI":1334},"Department of Pediatrics, Maternal, Fetal, Neonatal Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, USA",[],{"title":1337},{"VI":1338},"Jennifer Arnold",{"id":1340,"sortIndex":168,"researcher":20,"roles":1341,"affiliations":1342,"properties":1351,"displayName":1353,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"55596573-7fc2-4686-a49c-30d6623b0aac",[123],[1343],{"id":1344,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1345,"properties":20},"5565707f-1298-49ee-96fa-48467127ccd1",{"id":1344,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1346,"slug":20,"properties":1347,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1350,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1348},{"VI":1349},"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA",[],{"title":1352},{"VI":1353},"Kimberly Stone",{"id":1355,"sortIndex":184,"researcher":20,"roles":1356,"affiliations":1357,"properties":1364,"displayName":1366,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"97ecad0b-2b3c-49a6-a3fd-38e83b9218d9",[123],[1358],{"id":1344,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1359,"properties":20},{"id":1344,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1360,"slug":20,"properties":1361,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1363,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1362},{"VI":1349},[],{"title":1365},{"VI":1366},"Jennifer Reid",{"id":1368,"sortIndex":65,"researcher":20,"roles":1369,"affiliations":1370,"properties":1379,"displayName":442,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"0baba244-ddd9-4858-8931-22a95a0bbe69",[123],[1371],{"id":1372,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1373,"properties":20},"63e91a81-ce14-4dba-806c-4eceeeffa1e6",{"id":1372,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1374,"slug":20,"properties":1375,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1378,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1376},{"VI":1377},"Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA",[],{"title":1380},{"VI":442},{"id":1382,"sortIndex":528,"researcher":20,"roles":1383,"affiliations":1384,"properties":1391,"displayName":1393,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"5f20ea8c-bd62-4a0c-b48d-44c268584924",[123],[1385],{"id":1300,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1386,"properties":20},{"id":1300,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1387,"slug":20,"properties":1388,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1390,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1389},{"VI":1305},[],{"title":1392},{"VI":1393},"Kiran B. Hebbar",{"url":1293,"publisher":1395,"properties":1420},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1396,"slug":10,"properties":1397,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":1400,"manageAffiliations":1401,"indexDatabases":1402,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":1415,"gsStatistic":20,"type":92,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":1398,"title":1399},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[],[],[1403,1409],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":1404,"url":37,"indexYears":38,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":39},{"id":28,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1405,"label":1406,"description":1407,"key":34,"publicationTags":1408,"standard":20},[],{"EN":31,"VI":31},{"EN":31,"VI":33},[36],{"id":41,"indexDatabase":1410,"url":54,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":43,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1411,"label":1412,"description":1413,"key":50,"publicationTags":1414,"standard":20},[],{"EN":46,"VI":46},{"EN":48,"VI":49},[52,53],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":1416,"i10Index":64,"i10IndexLast5Year":65,"totalPublication":66,"totalPublicationByYear":1417,"totalCitation":76,"totalCitationByYear":1418,"totalCitationPerPublication":83,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1419,"hindexLast5Year":75,"hindex":75},{"2017":57,"2018":58,"2019":59,"2020":60,"2021":61,"2022":62,"2023":63},{"2016":68,"2017":69,"2018":70,"2019":71,"2020":71,"2021":72,"2022":73,"2023":74,"2024":75},{"2016":78,"2017":79,"2018":80,"2019":69,"2020":68,"2021":81,"2022":82},{"2016":85,"2017":86,"2018":87,"2019":88,"2020":89,"2021":90,"2022":91},{"pages":1421,"volume":1423},{"VOID":1422},"1-9",{"VOID":330},"2019-08-02",[52,36],{"id":1427,"createTime":1428,"updateTime":1429,"relativeEntities":1430,"slug":1431,"properties":1432,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":1429,"verifyNote":117,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1441,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1442,"publicationType":211,"publisherRelationship":1488,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1517,"publishYear":1518,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":1519,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"1acb8922-c173-471e-b3d4-79a1fe8e3fe2","2024-01-17T01:04:30.220+00:00","2025-02-24T15:16:31.492+00:00",[],"-Thinking-on-your-feet-a-qualitative-study-of-debriefing-practice",{"abstract":1433,"title":1435,"references":1437,"doi":1439},{"EN":1434},"Debriefing is a significant component of simulation-based education (SBE). Regardless of how and where immersive simulation is used to support learning, debriefing has a critical role to optimise learning outcomes. Although the literature describes different debriefing methods and approaches that constitute effective debriefing, there are discrepancies as to what is actually practised and how experts or experienced debriefers perceive and approach debriefing. This study sought to explore the self-reported practices of expert debriefers. We used a qualitative approach to explore experts’ debriefing practices. Peer-nominated expert debriefers who use immersive manikin-based simulations were identified in the healthcare simulation community across Australia. Twenty-four expert debriefers were purposively sampled to participate in semi-structured telephone interviews lasting 45–90 min. Interviews were transcribed and independently analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Codes emerging through the data analysis clustered into four major categories: (1) Values: ideas and beliefs representing the fundamental principles that underpinned interviewees’ debriefing practices. (2) Artistry: debriefing practices which are dynamic and creative. (3) Techniques: the specific methods used by interviewees to promote a productive and safe learning environment. (4) Development: changes in interviewees’ debriefing practices over time. The “practice development triangle” inspired by the work of Handal and Lauvas offers a framework for our themes. A feature of the triangle is that the values of expert debriefers provide a foundation for associated artistry and techniques. This framework may provide a different emphasis for courses and programmes designed to support debriefing practices where microskill development is often privileged, especially those microskills associated with techniques (plan of action, creating a safe environment, managing learning objectives, promoting learner reflection and co-debriefing). Across the levels in the practice development triangle, the importance of continuing professional development is acknowledged. Strengths and limitations of the study are noted.",{"EN":1436},"“Thinking on your feet”—a qualitative study of debriefing practice",{"VOID":1438},"Issenberg SB, McGaghie WWC, Petrusa ER, Lee Gordon D, Scalese RJ. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review*. Med Teach. 2005;27(1):10–28.\nMcGaghie WC, Issenberg SB, Petrusa ER, Scalese RJ. A critical review of simulation-based medical education research: 2003–2009. Med Educ. 2010;44(1):50–63.\nMorgan PJ, Cleave-Hogg D. A worldwide survey of the use of simulation in anesthesia. Can J Anaesth. 2002;49(7):659–62.\nRall M, Dieckmann P. Simulation and patient safety: the use of simulation to enhance patient safety on a systems level. Curr Anaesth Crit Care. 2005;16(5):273–81.\nSmall SD, Wuerz RC, Simon R, Shapiro N, Conn A, Setnik G. Demonstration of high-fidelity simulation team training for emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med. 1999;6(4):312–23.\nGaba DM. The future vision of simulation in health care. Qual Saf Heal Care. 2004;13 Suppl 1:i2–10.\nCheng A, Eppich W, Grant V, Sherbino J, Zendejas B, Cook D. Debriefing for technology-enhanced simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Educ. 2014;48:657–66.\nCantrell M. The importance of debriefing in clinical simulations. Clin Simul Nurs. 2008;4(2):e19–23.\nDreifuerst KT. The essentials of debriefing in simulation learning: a concept analysis. Nurs Educ Perspect. 2009;30(2):109–14.\nSavoldelli GL, Naik VN, Park J, Joo HS, Chow R, Hamstra S. Value of debriefing during simulated crisis management. Anesthesiology. 2006;105(2):279–85.\nHofmann B. Why simulation can be efficient: on the preconditions of efficient learning in complex technology based practices. BMC Med Educ. 2009;9(48):1–6.\nKneebone R, Nestel D, London IC. Learning clinical skills—the place of simulation and feedback. Clin Teach. 2005;2(2):86–90.\nIssenberg BS, Scalese RJ. Best evidence on high-fidelity simulation: what clinical teachers need to know. Clin Teach. 2007;4(2):73–7.\nFanning RM, Gaba DM. The role of debriefing in simulation-based learning. Simul Healthc J Soc Simul Healthc. 2007;2(2):115–25.\nRaemer D, Anderson M, Cheng A, Fanning R, Nadkarni V, Savoldelli G. Research regarding debriefing as part of the learning process. Simul Healthc J Soc Simul Healthc. 2011;6(7):52–7.\nRudolph JW, Simon R, Rivard P, Dufresne RL, Raemer DB. Debriefing with good judgment: combining rigorous feedback with genuine inquiry. Anesthesiol Clin. 2007;25(2):361–76.\nSteinwachs B. How to facilitate a debriefing. Simul Gaming. 1992;23(2):186–95.\nvan de Ridder JMM, Stokking KM, McGaghie WC, ten Cate OTJ. What is feedback in clinical education? Med Educ. 2008;42(2):189–97.\nVan Heukelom JN, Begaz T, Treat R. Comparison of postsimulation debriefing versus in-simulation debriefing in medical simulation. Simul Healthc J Soc Simul Healthc. 2010;5(2):91–7.\nEppich W, Cheng A. Promoting excellence and reflective learning in simulation (PEARLS). Simul Healthc. 2015;00(00):1–10.\nJaye P, Thomas L, Reedy G. “The Diamond”: a structure for simulation debrief. Clin Teach. 2015;12:171–5.\nWaznonis AR. Methods and evaluations for simulation debriefing in nursing education. J Nurs Educ. 2014;53(8):459–65.\nJaye P, Thomas L, Reedy G. The diamond: a structure for simulation debrief. Clin Teach. 2015;12:171–5.\nDer Sahakian G, Alinier G, Savoldelli G, Oriot D, Jaffrelot M, Lecomte F. Setting conditions for productive debriefing. Simul Gaming. 2015;46(2):197–208.\nDieckmann P, Friis SM, Lippert A, Østergaard D. The art and science of debriefing in simulation: ideal and practice. Med Teach. 2009;31:e287–94.\nRudolph JW, Raemer DB, Simon R. Establishing a safe container for learning in simulation. Simul Healthc J Soc Simul Healthc. 2014;9(6):339–49.\nGadamer H-G. A theory of hermeneutic experience. Truth and method. 2nd ed. London: Sheed and Ward; 1989. p. 268–306.\nKrogh K, Bearman M, Nestel D. Expert practice of video-assisted debriefing: an Australian qualitative study. Clin Simul Nurs. 2015;11(3):180–7.\nNestel D, Bearman M, Jolly B, Sutton B, Owen H, Greenhill J, et al. AusSETT—the Australian Simulation Educator and Technician Training program. 2012. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.aussett.edu.au\u002F. Accessed 29 Oct 2012.\nNestel D, Watson MO, Bearman ML, Morrison T, Pritchard SA, Andreatta PB. Strategic approaches to simulation-based education: a case study from Australia. J Heal Spec. 2013;1(1):4–12.\nNestel D, Bearman M, Brooks P, Campher C, Freeman K, Greenhill J, et al. A national training program for simulation educators and technicians: evaluation strategy and outcomes. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16(25):1–13.\nSandelowski M. Focus on research methods-whatever happened to qualitative description? Res Nurs Heal. 2000;23:334–40.\nBraun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.\nFereday J, Muir-cochrane E. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. Int J Qual Methods. 2006;5(1):80–92.\nKriz WC. A systemic-constructivist approach to the facilitation and debriefing of simulations and games. Simul Gaming. 2010;41(5):663–80.\nMorrison JB, Deckers C. Common theories in healthcare simulation. Defining excellence in simulation programs. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2014. p. 496–508.\nLittlewood KE, Szyld D. Debriefing. defining excellence in simulation programs. 2014. p. 558–72.\nKirkpatrick DL, Kirkpatrick JD. Evaluating training programs: the four levels. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers; 2006.\nKolb D. Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. New Jersey: Pearson Education; 1984.\nLave J, Wenger E. Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991.\nArtistry—definition of artistry in English from the Oxford dictionary. 2015. Available at: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com\u002Fdefinition\u002Fenglish\u002Fartistry. Accessed 10 Sept 2015.\nPendleton D, Schofield T, Tate P, Havelock P. An approach to learning and teaching. The consultation—an approach to learning and teaching. Oxford General Practice; 1984. p. 61–72.\nWeller JM, Nestel D, Marshall SD, Brooks PM, Conn JJ. Simulation in clinical teaching and learning. Med J Aust. 2012;196(9):1–5.\nSchön DA. The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. 11th ed. Aldershot: Avebury Ashgate; 1991.\nMotola I, Devine L, Chung HS, Sullivan JE, Issenberg SB. Simulation in healthcare education: a best evidence practical guide. AMEE Guide No. 82. Med Teach. 2013;35(10):e1511–30.\nCheng A, Rodgers DL, van der Jagt E, Eppich W, O’Donnell J, van der Jagt É. Evolution of the Pediatric Advanced Life Support course: enhanced learning with a new debriefing tool and Web-based module for Pediatric Advanced Life Support instructors. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012;13(5):589–95.\nSalas E, Klein C, King H, Salisbury M, Augenstein JS, Birnbach DJ, et al. Debriefing medical teams: 12 evidence-based best practices and tips. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2008;34(9):518–27.\nKolbe M, Grande B, Spahn DR. Briefing and debriefing during simulation-based training and beyond: content, structure, attitude and setting. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2015;29(1):87–96.\nAnderson MB. Really Good Stuff Reports of new ideas in medical education Annual, peer-reviewed collection of reports on innovative approaches to medical education. Med Educ. 2002;36:1084–110.\nZigmont JJ, Kappus LJ, Sudikoff SN. The 3D model of debriefing: defusing, discovering, and deepening. Semin Perinatol Elsevier Inc. 2011;35(2):52–8.\nGardner R. Introduction to debriefing. Semin Perinatol Elsevier. 2013;37(3):166–74.\nHandal G, Lauvas P. The “practical theory” of teachers. Promoting reflective teaching: supervision in action. Milton Keynes: SRHE and Open University Educational Enterprises Limited; 1987. p. 9–29.\nNavedo D, Simon R. Specialized courses in simulation. In: Levine A, DeMaria S, Schwartz A, Sim A, editors. The comprehensive textbook of healthcare simulation. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 593–7.\nZigmont JJ, Oocuma N, Szyld D, Maestre J. Educator training and simulation methodology courses. In: Palaganos J, Maxworthy J, Epps C, Mancini M, editors. Defining excellence in simulation programs. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2014. p. 546–57.\nArora S, Ahmed M, Paige J, Nestel D, Runnacles J, Hull L, et al. Objective structured assessment of debriefing: bringing science to the art of debriefing in surgery. Ann Surg. 2012;00(00):1–7.\nBrett-Fleegler M, Rudolph J, Eppich W, Monuteaux M, Fleegler E, Cheng A, et al. Debriefing assessment for simulation in healthcare: development and psychometric properties. Simul Healthc J Soc Simul Healthc. 2012;7(5):288–94.\nNestel D, Bearman M. Theory and simulation-based education: definitions, worldviews and applications. Clin Simul Nurs. 2015;11(8):349–54. Elsevier Inc.\nShenton A. Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Educ Inf. 2004;22:63–75.",{"VOID":1440},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-016-0011-4","https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-016-0011-4",[1443,1458,1473],{"id":1444,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1445,"affiliations":1446,"properties":1455,"displayName":1457,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"e2412884-302e-4bc3-ae86-22c34278ca8d",[123],[1447],{"id":1448,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1449,"properties":20},"b7c3310d-d872-41b4-a78d-30a0a605bf08",{"id":1448,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1450,"slug":20,"properties":1451,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1454,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1452},{"VI":1453},"Centre for Health Sciences Education, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark",[],{"title":1456},{"VI":1457},"Kristian Krogh",{"id":1459,"sortIndex":138,"researcher":20,"roles":1460,"affiliations":1461,"properties":1470,"displayName":1472,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"d5178887-6cdf-40bd-8214-ab2d4ded9c1b",[123],[1462],{"id":1463,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1464,"properties":20},"365cc26b-9020-48d3-84af-07dd7127c69e",{"id":1463,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1465,"slug":20,"properties":1466,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1469,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1467},{"VI":1468},"HealthPEER, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia",[],{"title":1471},{"VI":1472},"Margaret Bearman",{"id":1474,"sortIndex":154,"researcher":20,"roles":1475,"affiliations":1476,"properties":1485,"displayName":1487,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"cfccc5a9-fdb6-4fb4-81a6-aaf70a8d4e58",[123],[1477],{"id":1478,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1479,"properties":20},"d8b5e4c5-dc6e-4f2b-8e59-f708fb65b7a5",{"id":1478,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1480,"slug":20,"properties":1481,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1484,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1482},{"VI":1483},"School of Rural Health, HealthPEER, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia",[],{"title":1486},{"VI":1487},"Debra Nestel",{"url":1441,"publisher":1489,"properties":1514},{"id":6,"createTime":7,"updateTime":8,"relativeEntities":1490,"slug":10,"properties":1491,"entityType":18,"verifyStatus":19,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"subjectFields":1494,"manageAffiliations":1495,"indexDatabases":1496,"url":20,"thumbnailPath":20,"statistic":1509,"gsStatistic":20,"type":92,"analyzePriority":20},[],{"issn":1492,"title":1493},{"VOID":13},{"EN":15},[],[],[1497,1503],{"id":26,"indexDatabase":1498,"url":37,"indexYears":38,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":39},{"id":28,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1499,"label":1500,"description":1501,"key":34,"publicationTags":1502,"standard":20},[],{"EN":31,"VI":31},{"EN":31,"VI":33},[36],{"id":41,"indexDatabase":1504,"url":54,"indexYears":20,"academicFieldIds":20,"indexDatabaseRanking":20},{"id":43,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1505,"label":1506,"description":1507,"key":50,"publicationTags":1508,"standard":20},[],{"EN":46,"VI":46},{"EN":48,"VI":49},[52,53],{"impactFactor":21,"impactFactorByYear":1510,"i10Index":64,"i10IndexLast5Year":65,"totalPublication":66,"totalPublicationByYear":1511,"totalCitation":76,"totalCitationByYear":1512,"totalCitationPerPublication":83,"totalCitationPerPublicationByYear":1513,"hindexLast5Year":75,"hindex":75},{"2017":57,"2018":58,"2019":59,"2020":60,"2021":61,"2022":62,"2023":63},{"2016":68,"2017":69,"2018":70,"2019":71,"2020":71,"2021":72,"2022":73,"2023":74,"2024":75},{"2016":78,"2017":79,"2018":80,"2019":69,"2020":68,"2021":81,"2022":82},{"2016":85,"2017":86,"2018":87,"2019":88,"2020":89,"2021":90,"2022":91},{"pages":1515,"volume":1516},{"VOID":695},{"VOID":522},"2016-04-02",2016,[52,36],{"id":1521,"createTime":1522,"updateTime":1523,"relativeEntities":1524,"slug":1525,"properties":1526,"entityType":114,"verifyStatus":115,"verifyTime":1523,"verifyNote":117,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":21,"primaryUrl":1537,"fullTextUrl":20,"authors":1538,"publicationType":211,"publisherRelationship":1597,"citationCount":20,"citationInfo":20,"publishDate":1623,"publishYear":1624,"citationAnalyzeStatus":19,"lastCitationAnalyze":20,"indexDatabases":1625,"openAccess":20,"references":20,"isForceReanalyzing":249},"9d869dc2-fcc5-4c28-b39c-22451801857b","2024-04-06T17:44:38.255+00:00","2025-02-24T05:18:48.038+00:00",[],"Transgender-and-non-binary-patient-simulations-can-foster-cultural-sensitivity-and-knowledge-among-internal-medicine-residents-a-pilot-study",{"abstract":1527,"title":1529,"keywords":1531,"references":1533,"doi":1535},{"EN":1528},"Transgender and nonbinary patients face unique healthcare challenges, such as harassment, discrimination, and\u002For prejudice, at higher rates than their cisgender counterparts. These experiences, or even the fear of these experiences, may push patients to delay or forego medical treatment, thus compounding any existing conditions. Such extraneous issues can be combatted through cultural sensitivity. The authors designed blended education consisting of an online module followed by a live simulation to educate and promote sensitivity. Internal medicine (IM) residents (n = 94) completed the module, which introduced them to transgender community terminology and medical disparities, and ways to incorporate affirming behaviors into their practice. Afterward, they engaged in a simulation with true transgender-simulated patients (SPs) — either trans-masculine, trans-feminine, or non-binary. Residents were expected to conduct a patient interview mirroring an intake appointment. Residents then engaged in a debriefing session with the lead investigator and the SP to reflect on the experience, receive feedback and constructive criticism, and ask questions. After the education, the residents’ knowledge significantly increased, t(66) = 3.69, p ≤ 0.00, d = 0.45, and their attitude toward members of the transgender community also increased significantly, t(62) = 7.57, p ≤ 0.00, d = 0.95. Furthermore, nearly all residents (99%) reported the training allowed them to practice relevant skills and was a worthy investment of their time. Nearly half (45%) of the residents who listed changes they will make to their practice pledged to ask patients for their preferred name and pronouns. Most comments were positive (75%), praising the education’s effectiveness, expressing gratitude, and reporting increased confidence. Results provided evidence that the education was effective in increasing IM residents’ knowledge and attitudes. Further research is needed to investigate the longitudinal effects of this education and to extend the education to a broader audience. The investigators plan to adapt and expand the research to other specialties such as gynecology and emergency medicine.",{"EN":1530},"Transgender and non-binary patient simulations can foster cultural sensitivity and knowledge among internal medicine residents: a pilot study",{"EN":1532},"",{"VOID":1534},"Ard KL, Makadon HJ. Improving the health care of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people: understanding and eliminating health disparities. Boston MA: The Fenway Institute; 2012.\nWhite Hughto JM, Murchison GR, Clark K, Pachankis JE, Reisner SL. Geographic and individual differences in healthcare access for US transgender adults: a multilevel analysis. LGBT health. 2016;3(6):424–33.\nLegal L. When health care isn’t caring: Lambda Legal’s survey of discrimination against LGBT people and people with HIV. New York: Lambda Legal; 2010. p. 1–26.\nAllison MK, Marshall SA, Stewart G, Joiner M, Nash C, Stewart MK. Experiences of transgender and gender nonbinary patients in the emergency department and recommendations for health care policy, education, and practice. J Emerg Med. 2021;61(4):396–405.\nKattari SK, Atteberry-Ash B, Kinney MK, Walls NE, Kattari L. One size does not fit all: differential transgender health experiences. Soc Work Health Care. 2019;58(9):899–917.\nJames SE, Herman JL, Rankin S, Keisling M, Mottet L, Anafi M. The report of the U.S. transgender survey. National Center for Transgender Equality. 2016. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Ftransequality.org\u002Fsites\u002Fdefault\u002Ffiles\u002Fdocs\u002Fusts\u002FUSTS-Full-Report-Dec17.pdf. Accessed 28 Feb 2024.\nSbragia JD, Vottero B. Experiences of transgender men in seeking gynecological and reproductive health care: a qualitative systematic review. JBI Evidence Synthesis. 2020;18(9):1870–931.\nJain H, Subramanian K, Gowsi K, Sankaran A. Attitudes toward transgender persons among medical students of a tertiary health-care center: a cross-sectional exploratory study. Journal of Psychosexual Health. 2022;4(3):189–94.\nKelley L, Chou CL, Dibble SL, Robertson PA. A critical intervention in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health: knowledge and attitude outcomes among second-year medical students. Teach Learn Med. 2008;20(3):248–53.\nMcEwing E. Delivering culturally competent care to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population: education for nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;94:104573.\nSafer JD, Pearce EN. A simple curriculum content change increased medical student comfort with transgender medicine. Endocr Pract. 2013;19(4):633–7.\nGreene RE, Hanley K, Cook TE, Gillespie C, Zabar S. Meeting the primary care needs of transgender patients through simulation. J Grad Med Educ. 2017;9(3):380–1.\nMcCave EL, Aptaker D, Hartmann KD, Zucconi R. Promoting affirmative transgender health care practice within hospitals: an IPE standardized patient simulation for graduate health care learners. MedEdPORTAL. 2019;15:10861.\nUnderman K, Giffort D, Hyderi A, Hirshfield LE. Transgender health: a standardized patient case for advanced clerkship students. MedEdPORTAL. 2016;12:10518.\nMaruca AT, Diaz DA, Stockmann C, Gonzalez L. Using simulation with nursing students to promote affirmative practice toward the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population: a multisite study. Nurs Educ Perspect. 2018;39(4):225–9.\nOzkara San E. The influence of the oncology-focused transgender-simulated patient simulation on nursing students’ cultural competence development. InNursing forum. 2020;55(No 4):621–30.\nBaldwin A, Dodge B, Schick VR, Light B, Schnarrs PW, Herbenick D, Fortenberry JD. Transgender and genderqueer individuals’ experiences with health care providers: what’s working, what’s not, and where do we go from here? J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2018;29(4):1300–18.\nProviding affirmative care for patients with non-binary gender identities. Available from: https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lgbtqiahealtheducation.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F02\u002FProviding-Affirmative-Care-for-People-with-Non-Binary-Gender-Identities.pdf. Accessed 28 Feb 2024.\nBillard TJ. Attitudes toward transgender men and women: development and validation of a new measure. Front Psychol. 2018;9:387.\nJohnson RL, Morgan GB. Survey scales: a guide to development, analysis, and reporting. New York (NY): Guilford Publications; 2016.\nKirkpatrick JD, Kirkpatrick WK. Kirkpatrick’s four levels of training evaluation. San Francisco (CA): Association for Talent Development; 2016.\nSnelgrove JW, Jasudavisius AM, Rowe BW, Head EM, Bauer GR. “Completely out-at-sea” with “two-gender medicine”: a qualitative analysis of physician-side barriers to providing healthcare for transgender patients. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:1–3.\nWeingartner L, Noonan EJ, Bohnert C, Potter J, Shaw MA, Holthouser A. Gender-affirming care with transgender and genderqueer patients: a standardized patient case. MedEdPORTAL. 2022;18:11249.\nNoonan EJ, Weingartner LA, Combs RM, Bohnert C, Shaw MA, Sawning S. Perspectives of transgender and genderqueer standardized patients. Teach Learn Med. 2021;33(2):116–28.\nPoteat T, German D, Kerrigan D. Managing uncertainty: a grounded theory of stigma in transgender health care encounters. Soc Sci Med. 2013;84:22–9.",{"VOID":1536},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-024-00284-5","https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-024-00284-5",[1539,1554,1569,1584],{"id":1540,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1541,"affiliations":1542,"properties":1551,"displayName":1553,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"968f8ba5-cfa6-4329-b8c3-f08c2f388a86",[123],[1543],{"id":1544,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1545,"properties":20},"ad96d389-f5d6-4258-af08-828319549ecf",{"id":1544,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1546,"slug":20,"properties":1547,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1550,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1548},{"VI":1549},"Center for Inclusion Health at Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, USA",[],{"title":1552},{"VI":1553},"Charlie Borowicz",{"id":1555,"sortIndex":138,"researcher":20,"roles":1556,"affiliations":1557,"properties":1566,"displayName":1568,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"8981257d-eb67-4644-b946-1b371475d2ea",[123],[1558],{"id":1559,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1560,"properties":20},"86df0181-1b69-47d2-b763-d87f41dc6f1a",{"id":1559,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1561,"slug":20,"properties":1562,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1565,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1563},{"VI":1564},"The Simulation, Teaching, and Academic Research (STAR) Center at Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, USA",[],{"title":1567},{"VI":1568},"Laura Daniel",{"id":1570,"sortIndex":154,"researcher":20,"roles":1571,"affiliations":1572,"properties":1581,"displayName":1583,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"f578cd4d-cbab-4dc7-8b39-b5f0361b1ed2",[123],[1573],{"id":1574,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1575,"properties":20},"e6ef308b-401a-4eae-b504-5d55b0a3d063",{"id":1574,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1576,"slug":20,"properties":1577,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1580,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1578},{"VI":1579},"Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA",[],{"title":1582},{"VI":1583},"Regina D. 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This experimental study compares the effects of interruptions on simulated performances of central venous catheterization during a highly versus minimally complex portion of the task. Twenty-six residents were assigned to interruptions during tasks that are (1) highly complex: establishing ultrasound-guided venous access (experimental group, n = 15) or (2) minimally complex: skin cleansing (control group, n = 11). Primary outcomes were (a) performance scores at three time points measured with a validated checklist, (b) time spent on the respective tasks, and (c) number of attempts to establish venous access. Repeated measure analyses of variances of performance scores over time indicated no main effect of time or group. The interaction between time and group was significant: F (2, 44) = 4.28, p = 0.02, and partial eta2 = 0.16, indicating a large effect size. The experimental group scores decreased steadily over time, while the control group scores increased with time. The experimental group required longer to access the vein (148 s; interquartile range (IQR) 60 to 361 vs. 44 s; IQR 27 to 133 s; p = 0.034). Median number of attempts to establish venous access was higher in the experimental group (2, IQR 1–7 vs. 1, IQR 1–2; p = 0.03). Interruptions during a highly complex task resulted in a consistent decrement in performance scores, longer time required to perform the task, and a higher number of venous access attempts than interruptions during a minimally complex tasks. We recommend avoiding interrupting trainees performing bedside procedures.",{"EN":1636},"An experimental study on the impact of clinical interruptions on simulated trainee performances of central venous catheterization",{"VOID":1638},"Alvarez G, Coiera E. Interruptive communication patterns in the intensive care unit ward round. Int J Med Inform. 2005;74(10):791–6.\nBrixey JJ, Tang Z, Robinson DJ, Johnson CW, Johnson TR, Turley JP, Patel VL, Zhang J. Interruptions in a level one trauma center: a case study. Int J Med Inform. 2008;77(4):235–41.\nHealey AN, Sevdalis N, Vincent CA. Measuring intra-operative interference from distraction and interruption observed in the operating theatre. Ergonomics. 2006;49(5-6):589–604.\nLurie N, Rank B, Parenti C, Woolley T, Snoke W. How do house officers spend their nights? A time study of internal medicine house staff on call. N Engl J Med. 1989;320(25):1673–7.\nParenti C, Lurie N. Are things different in the light of day? A time study of internal medicine house staff days. Am J Med. 1993;94(6):654–8.\nLy T, Korb-Wells CS, Sumpton D, Russo RR, Barnsley L. Nature and impact of interruptions on clinical workflow of medical residents in the inpatient setting. J Grad Med Educ. 2013;5(2):232–7.\nBaddeley A. The concept of working memory: a view of its current state and probable future development. Cognition. 1981;10(1):17–23.\nMiller G. The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychol Rev. 1956;63(2):81–97.\nWestbrook JI, Coiera E, Dunsmuir WT, Brown BM, Kelk N, Paoloni R, Tran C. The impact of interruptions on clinical task completion. Qual Saf Health Care. 2010;19(4):284–9.\nGoodell KH, Cao CG, Schwaitzberg SD. Effects of cognitive distraction on performance of laparoscopic surgical tasks. J Laparoendosc Adv S. 2006;16(2):94–8.\nFlynn EA, Barker KN, Gibson JT, Pearson RE, Berger BA, Smith L. Impact of interruptions and distractions on dispensing errors in an ambulatory care pharmacy. Am J Health-Syst PH. 1999;56:1319–25.\nWiegmann DA, ElBardissi AW, Dearani JA, Daly RC, Sundt III TM. Disruptions in surgical flow and their relationship to surgical errors: an exploratory investigation. Surgery. 2007;142(5):658–65.\nElfering A, Grebner S, Ebener C. Workflow interruptions, cognitive failure and near-accidents in health care. Psychol Health Med. 2015;20(2):139–47.\nTucker AL. The impact of operational failures on hospital nurses and their patients. J Oper Manag. 2004;22(2):151–69.\nAmerican Hospital Association Fast Facts on US Hospital. 2016. http:\u002F\u002Fwww.aha.org\u002Fresearch\u002Frc\u002Fstat-studies\u002Ffast-facts.shtml. Accessed 19 Jan 2017.\nRaad I. Intravascular-catheter-related infections. Lancet. 1998;351(9106):893–8.\nMcGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(12):1123–33.\nMa I, Sharma N, Brindle M, Caird J, McLaughlin K. Measuring competence in central venous catheterization: a systematic-review. Springer Plus. 2014;3(1):33.\nOrtega R, Song M, Hansen CJ, Barash P. Ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(16):e57.\nNational Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Technology Appraisal No 49: Guidance on the use of ultrasound locating devices for placing central venous catheters. 2002. https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nice.org.uk\u002Fguidance\u002FTA49. Accessed 19 Jan 2017.\nFeller-Kopman DMD. Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement: the new standard of care? Crit Care Med. 2005;33(8):1875–7.\nSpeier C, Vessey I, Valacich JS. The effects of interruptions, task complexity, and information presentation on computer-supported decision-making performance. Decision Sci. 2003;34(4):771–97.\nMonteiro SD, Sherbino JD, Ilgen JS, Dore KL, Wood TJ, Young ME, Bandiera G, Blouin D, Gaissmaier W, Norman GR, et al. Disrupting diagnostic reasoning: do interruptions, instructions, and experience affect the diagnostic accuracy and response time of residents and emergency physicians? Acad Med. 2015;90(4):511–7.\nMa IW, Teteris E, Roberts JM, Bacchus M. Who is teaching and supervising our junior residents’ central venous catheterizations? BMC Med Educ. 2011;11(1):16.\nBarsuk JH, McGaghie WC, Cohen ER, Balachandran JS, Wayne DB. Use of simulation-based mastery learning to improve the quality of central venous catheter placement in a medical intensive care unit. J Hosp Med. 2009;4(7):397–403.\nMa IW, Zalunardo N, Pachev G, Beran T, Brown M, Hatala R, McLaughlin K. Comparing the use of global rating scale with checklists for the assessment of central venous catheterization skills using simulation. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2012;17(4):457–70.\nWalker GA, Shostak J. Common statistical methods for clinical research. 3rd ed. Cary: SAS Institute Inc; 2010.\nCohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press; 1988.\nFereday J, Muir-Cochrane E. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. Int J Qual Methods. 2008;5(1):80–92.\nReichenheim ME. Confidence intervals for the kappa statistic. Stata J. 2004;4(4):421–8.\nPark J, Waqar S, Kersey T, Modi N, Ong C, Sleep T. Effect of distraction on simulated anterior segment surgical performance. J Cataract Refr Surg. 2011;37(8):1517–22.\nMoorthy K, Munz Y, Dosis A, Bann S, Darzi A. The effect of stress-inducing conditions on the performance of a laparoscopic task. Surg Endosc. 2003;17(9):1481–4.\nHsu K, Man FY, Gizicki R, Feldman L, Fried G. Experienced surgeons can do more than one thing at a time: effect of distraction on performance of a simple laparoscopic and cognitive task by experienced and novice surgeons. Surg Endosc. 2008;22(1):196–201.\nGrundgeiger T, Sanderson P. Interruptions in healthcare: theoretical views. Int J Med Inform. 2009;78(5):293–307.\nCoiera E. The science of interruption. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012;21(5):357–60.\nWestbrook JI. Interruptions and multi-tasking: moving the research agenda in new directions. BMJ Qual Saf. 2014;23(11):877–9.\nRivera-Rodriguez AJ, Karsh B-T. Interruptions and distractions in healthcare: review and reappraisal. Qual Saf Health Care. 2010;19(4):304–12.\nWalzak A, Bacchus M, Schaefer J, Zarnke K, Glow J, Brass C, McLaughlin K, Ma IWY. Diagnosing technical competence in six bedside procedures: comparing checklists and a global rating scale in the assessment of resident performance. Acad Med. 2015;90(8):1100–8.\nMa IWY, Pugh D, Mema B, Brindle ME, Cooke L, Stromer JN. Use of an error-focused checklist to identify incompetence in lumbar puncture performances. Med Educ. 2015;49(10):1004–15.\nPape TM, Guerra DM, Muzquiz M, Bryant JB, Ingram M, Schranner B, Alcala A, Sharp J, Bishop D, Carreno E, et al. Innovative approaches to reducing nurses’ distractions during medication administration. J Contin Educ Nure. 2005;36(3):108–16.\nAnthony K, Wiencek C, Bauer C, Daly B, Anthony MK. No interruptions please: impact of a no interruption zone on medication safety in intensive care units. Crit Care Nurse. 2010;30(3):21–9.\nWall RJ, Ely EW, Elasy TA, Dittus RS, Foss J, Wilkerson KS, Speroff T. Using real time process measurements to reduce catheter related bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. Qual Saf Health Care. 2005;14(4):295–302.",{"VOID":1640},"10.1186\u002Fs41077-017-0038-1","https:\u002F\u002Fadvancesinsimulation.biomedcentral.com\u002Farticles\u002F10.1186\u002Fs41077-017-0038-1",[1643,1667,1696,1725,1745,1760],{"id":1644,"sortIndex":21,"researcher":20,"roles":1645,"affiliations":1646,"properties":1664,"displayName":1666,"givenName":20,"familyName":20},"47598ec8-eb99-48e4-942d-fc784bb0d0ab",[123],[1647,1655],{"id":1648,"sortIndex":21,"affiliation":1649,"properties":20},"26191240-c63a-49e0-a789-403359004660",{"id":1648,"createTime":20,"updateTime":20,"relativeEntities":1650,"slug":20,"properties":1651,"entityType":20,"verifyStatus":20,"verifyTime":20,"verifyNote":20,"languages":20,"translateLanguages":20,"viewCount":20,"url":20,"parentIds":1654,"statistic":20},[],{"title":1652},{"VI":1653},"W21C, University of Calgary, Calgary, 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