Thermal oxidation of CP Ti — An electrochemical and structural characterization

Kovacs, 1996, Chemical and electrochemical aspects of the biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys, 163

Hunt, 2001, Biomaterials: surface interactions, Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci, 5, 161, 10.1016/S1359-0286(01)00012-2

Williams, 1981, Titanium and titanium alloys, Vol. II, 9

Long, 1998, Titanium alloys in total joint replacement — a materials science perspective, Biomats, 19, 1621, 10.1016/S0142-9612(97)00146-4

Mu, 2000, Metal ion release from titanium with active oxygen species generated by rat macrophages in vitro, J Biomed Mater Res, 49, 238, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(200002)49:2<238::AID-JBM12>3.0.CO;2-J

Lilley, 1992, Wear of titanium by soft tissue, 227

Thull, 1976, 242

Brown, 1988, In vitro studies of fretting corrosion of orthopaedic materials, J Orthop Res, 6, 572, 10.1002/jor.1100060415

Hoeppner, 1994, Fretting in orthopaedic implants: a review, Wear, 173, 189, 10.1016/0043-1648(94)90272-0

Rabbe, 1994, Fretting deterioration of orthopaedic implant materials. Search for solutions, Clin Mater, 15, 221, 10.1016/0267-6605(94)90049-3

Sittig, 1999, Surface characterization of implant materials CP–Ti, Ti–6Al–7Nb and Ti–6Al–4V with different pretreatments, J Mater Sci Mater Med, 10, 35, 10.1023/A:1008840026907

Wen, 1997, Fast precipitation of calcium phosphate layers on titanium induced by simple chemical treatments, Biomats, 18, 1471, 10.1016/S0142-9612(97)82297-1

Nie, 2002, Abrasive wear/corrosion properties and TEM analysis of Al2O3 coatings fabricated using plasma electrolysis, Surf Coat Technol, 149, 245, 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01453-0

Brendel, 1992, Hydroxyapatite coatings by a polymeric route, J Mater Sci Mater Med, 3, 175, 10.1007/BF00713445

Andreazza, 1998, In-depth structural X-ray investigation of PECVD grown diamond films on titanium alloys, Thin Solid Films, 319, 62, 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)01086-9

Uchida, 2004, Friction and wear properties of CrAlN and CrVN films deposited by cathodic arc ion plating method, Surf Coat Technol, 177–178, 627, 10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00937-X

Kweh, 2002, An in vitro investigation of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings produced with flame-spheroidized feedstock, Biomats, 23, 775, 10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00183-1

Hanawa, 1997, Early bone formation around calcium–ion-implanted titanium inserted into rat tibia, J Biomed Mater Res, 36, 131, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199707)36:1<131::AID-JBM16>3.0.CO;2-L

Guleryuz, 2004, Effect of thermal oxidation on corrosion and corrosion–wear behaviour of a Ti–6Al–4V alloy, Biomats, 25, 3325, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.009

Lopez, 2003, Corrosion study of surface-modified vanadium-free titanium alloys, Electrochim Acta, 48, 1395, 10.1016/S0013-4686(03)00006-9

Velten, 2002, Preparation of TiO(2) layers on cp–Ti and Ti6Al4V by thermal and anodic oxidation and by sol–gel coating techniques and their characterization, J Biomed Mater Res, 59, 18, 10.1002/jbm.1212

Escudero, 1995, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of preoxidized MA 956 superalloy during in vitro experiments, Biomats, 16, 735, 10.1016/0142-9612(95)99703-O

Siva Rama Krishna, 2007, Thick rutile layer on titanium for tribological applications, Tribol Int, 40, 329, 10.1016/j.triboint.2005.08.004

Bloyce, 1998, Surface modification of titanium alloys for combined improvements in corrosion and wear resistance, Surf Coat Technol, 107, 125, 10.1016/S0257-8972(98)00580-5

Dong, 1995, 1999

Burns, 1989, Titanium dioxide dielectric films formed by rapid thermal oxidation, J Appl Phys, 65, 2095, 10.1063/1.342856

Boettcher, 2000, Deep case hardening of titanium alloys with oxygen, Surf Eng, 16, 148, 10.1179/026708400101517053

Schutz RW, Thomas DE. Corrosion of Titanium and Titanium Alloys, ASM Handbook, Corrosion, Vol.13, ASM International, p. 671.

Garcia-Alonso, 2003, In vitro corrosion behaviour and osteoblast response of thermally oxidised Ti6Al4V alloy, Biomats, 24, 19, 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00237-5

Dong, 1997, Surface engineering to improve tribological performance of Ti–6Al–4V, Surf Eng, 13, 402, 10.1179/sur.1997.13.5.402

Bertrand, 1983, Morphology of oxide scales formed on titanium, Oxid Met, 21, 1, 10.1007/BF00659464

Guleryuz, 2005, Surface modification of a Ti–6Al–4V alloy by thermal oxidation, Surf Coat Technol, 192, 164, 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.05.018

Ting, 2002, Preferential growth of thin rutile TiO2 films upon thermal oxidation of sputtered Ti films, Thin Solid Films, 402, 290, 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01675-3

Weissman, 1968, 441

Borgioli, 2001, Air treatment of pure titanium by furnace and glow-discharge processes, Surf Coat Technol, 141, 103, 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01164-1

Dearnley, 2004, The corrosion–wear behaviour of thermally oxidised CP–Ti and Ti–6Al–4V, Wear, 256, 469, 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00557-X

Kofstad, 1988

Mueller, 2007, Anodized titanium and stainless steel in contact with CFRP: an electrochemical approach considering galvanic corrosion, J Biomed Mater Res, 82A, 936, 10.1002/jbm.a.31198