Role of Multidrug Transporters in Pharmacoresistance to Antiepileptic Drugs

Abbott NJ Khan EU Rollinson CMS Reichel A Janigro D Dombrowski SM Dobbie MS Begley DJ (2002) Drug resistance in epilepsy: the role of the blood-brain barrier. in Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Epilepsy. Lessons from Oncology, ed Ling V (Wiley, Chichester, England) , in press..

Adkison, 1994, Contribution of probenecid-sensitive anion transport processes at the brain capillary endothelium and choroid plexus to the efficient efflux of valproic acid from the central nervous system., J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 268, 797

Betz AL Goldstein GW Katzman R (1994) Blood-brain-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. in Basic Neurochemistry. Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects, eds Siegel GJ Agranoff RW Albers RW Molinoff PB (Raven Press, New York), 5th ed, pp 681–699.

Borst, 1999, The multidrug resistance protein family., Biochim Biophys Acta, 1461, 347, 10.1016/S0005-2736(99)00167-4

10.1093/jnci/92.16.1295

10.1056/NEJM200104123441507

Burgio, 1998, Effects of P-glycoprotein modulators on etoposide elimination and central nervous system distribution., J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 287, 911

10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000601)60:5<594::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-6

10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.12301.x

Duncan, 1991, Epilepsy and the blood-brain barrier., Br J Hosp Med, 45, 32

10.1038/85045

10.1016/0028-3908(78)90160-0

Fromm, 2000, P-glycoprotein a defense mechanism limiting oral bioavailability and CNS accumulation of drugs., Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther, 38, 69, 10.5414/CPP38069

10.1023/A:1007093521681

Goldstein A Aronow L Kalman SM (1974) Principles of Drug Action: the Basis of Pharmacology (Wiley, New York), 2nd ed.

Gutmann, 1999, Modulation of multidrug resistance protein expression in porcine brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro., Drug Metab Dispos, 27, 937

Hooijberg, 1999, Antifolate resistance mediated by the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2., Cancer Res, 59, 2532

10.1006/bbrc.1997.8132

10.1016/0006-2952(95)02073-X

10.1517/14622416.2.1.51

10.1002/hep.510270231

10.1016/S0887-8994(99)00074-0

Leveille-Webster, 1995, The biology of the P-glycoproteins., J Membr Biol, 143, 89, 10.1007/BF00234655

10.1007/PL00000912

Lothman, 1996, Basic mechanisms of seizure spread., Epilepsy Res Suppl, 11, 9

Löscher W (1982) GABA in plasma, CSF and brain of dogs during acute and chronic treatment with y-acetylenic GABA and valproic acid. in Problems in GABA Research: from Brain to Bacteria, eds Okada Y Roberts E (Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam), pp 102–109.

10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00035-X

Löscher W (2002) Current status and future directions in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. Trends Pharmacol Sci, in press..

Löscher, 1984, Kinetics of penetration of common antiepileptics drugs into cerebrospinal fluid., Epilepsia, 25, 346, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1984.tb04199.x

10.1016/0920-1211(94)90012-4

Luer, 1999, Saturable transport of gabapentin at the blood-brain barrier., Neurol Res, 21, 559, 10.1080/01616412.1999.11740975

10.1124/mol.58.6.1357

10.1046/j.1365-2125.2001.01359.x

10.3109/13550289909021285

10.1097/00001756-200111160-00037

10.1097/00001756-200108080-00020

10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.01901.x

Potschka H and Löscher W (2002) A comparison of extracellular levels of phenytoin in amygdala and hippocampus of kindled and non-kindled rats. Neuroreport, in press..

10.1073/pnas.96.7.3900

10.1016/S0920-1211(98)00106-5

Regina, 1998, Mrp1 multidrug resistance-associated protein and P-glycoprotein expression in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells., J Neurochem, 71, 705, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71020705.x

10.1016/S0165-2478(96)02676-4

10.1016/S0169-409X(98)00085-4

10.1073/pnas.94.8.4028

10.1172/JCI118699

Schuetz, 1996, Modulators and substrates for P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P4503A coordinately up-regulate these proteins in human colon carcinoma cells., Mol Pharmacol, 49, 311

10.5414/CPP38111

Shen DD (1999) Valproate: absorption, distribution, and excretion. in Valproate, ed Löscher W (Birkhäuser, Basel), pp 77–90.

Sills, 2001, P-Glycoprotein-mediated antiepileptic drug transport: a role in refractory epilepsy?, Epilepsia, 42 (Suppl 7), 83

Sisodiya, 1999, Over-expression of P-glycoprotein in malformations of cortical development., Neuroreport, 10, 3437, 10.1097/00001756-199911080-00032

10.1093/brain/awf002

10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03573-X

10.1159/000028349

10.1006/bbrc.2001.5062

10.1097/00001622-200009000-00011

Tishler, 1995, MDR1 gene expression in brain of patients with medically intractable epilepsy., Epilepsia, 36, 1, 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01657.x

10.1172/JCI8267

10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02628-7

10.1007/s002210050759