Phân tích tác động môi trường và tính bền vững kinh tế của một nhà máy thí điểm chuyển đổi chất thải thành năng lượng bằng phương pháp tiêu hoá kỵ khí mới tại Pakistan

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 26 Số 25 - Trang 26404-26417 - 2019
Rasheed, Rizwan1,2, Yasar, Abdullah1, Wang, Yubo3, Tabinda, Amtul Bari1, Ahmad, Sajid Rashid4, Tahir, Fizza1, Su, Yuehong2
1Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
2Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
3School of Economics and Management, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
4College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Tóm tắt

Một nhà máy thí điểm quy mô công nghiệp vừa và lớn, sử dụng công nghệ tiêu hoá kỵ khí (AD) để chuyển đổi chất thải thành năng lượng đã được nghiên cứu dựa trên các yếu tố chi phí-lợi ích, tác động môi trường và tính bền vững kinh tế. Nhà máy thí điểm này chủ yếu sử dụng hệ thống AD với nhiều bể tiêu hoá được khuấy động bằng cơ khí, hệ thống tinh chế methane, nén khí, lưu trữ và xử lý chất thải – phân bón, và phát điện từ quá trình tiêu hoá. Năng suất hoạt động và thành công của nhà máy thí điểm đã được chứng minh trên nhiều loại nguyên liệu chất thải như phân bò – trâu và chất thải khoai tây. Nhà máy có năng suất năng lượng trung bình là 384 kWh/ngày và tỷ lệ hoàn vốn hàng năm được ước tính là 15,4%. Phân tích tác động môi trường theo chu kỳ sống xem xét các ảnh hưởng tiềm tàng quan trọng liên quan đến biến đổi khí hậu (kg CO2 tương đương) và cạn kiệt nhiên liệu hóa thạch (kg dầu tương đương) cho ba loại nguyên liệu khác nhau: 100% phân bò – trâu (CBM), 100% chất thải khoai tây (PW), và hỗn hợp 75% CBM và 25% PW. Kết quả cho thấy tiềm năng biến đổi khí hậu ở mức 70 kg, 71 kg và 149 kg, cùng tiềm năng cạn kiệt nhiên liệu hóa thạch là -2,43 kg, -16,45 kg và 18 kg cho mỗi 2000 kg bùn nguyên liệu, tương ứng. Do đó, nguyên liệu 100% CBM tạo ra tác động tới biến đổi khí hậu ít nhất, trong khi 100% PW được xác định là hiệu quả nhất trong danh mục cạn kiệt nhiên liệu hóa thạch.

Từ khóa

#tiêu hoá kỵ khí #chuyển đổi chất thải thành năng lượng #tác động môi trường #bền vững kinh tế #Pakistan

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